Simcha Paull Raphael

**Simcha Paull Raphael** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1951) likitan kwakwalwa ne na Kanada, malamin wayar da kan jama'a game da mutuwa, kuma marubuci. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Da'at don Sanar da Mutuwa, Advocacy, da Horarwa,  kuma marubucin littafin Jewish Views of the Afterlife,  kira na falsafar Yahudawa masu ban mamaki tare da ra'ayoyin postmodern na ilimin halayyar mutum, bincike na sani, da Nazarin kusa da mutuwa.  Wannan littafin an dauke shi muhimmin aiki na ilimi a fannonin ilimin kimiyya da Nazarin addini, wanda ya taimaka wajen canza ra'ayin cewa addinin Yahudanci ba shi da imani a bayan rayuwa.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Raphael Steven Paull  a shekara ta 1951   kuma ya girma a Montreal, ɗan Rose da Harold Paull.  Ya yi karatu a makarantun Ibrananci a United Talmud Torahs na Montreal . Ya sami digiri na farko a fannin fasaha daga Jami'ar Sir George Williams, Master of Arts daga Jami'a ta Concordia, digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam daga Cibiyar Nazarin Nazarin California, kuma Rabbi Zalman Schachter-Shalomi ya naɗa shi a matsayin fastocin rabbi.

Tattaunawar farko da Raphael ya yi masa tasiri sosai, gami da asarar kakarsa lokacin da yake da abokai huɗu da biyu a farkon shekarunsa na 20,  daya daga cikinsu shine babban abokinsa wanda ya mutu a hatsarin mota a 1973.  Wadannan asarar sun haifar da sha'awarsa game da ra'ayoyin Yahudawa game da rayuwa bayan mutuwa. Ya gano cewa al'adar Yahudawa gabaɗaya ta ba da ƙaramin tallafi don fuskantar mutuwa, tare da yawancin imanin Yahudawa da ke jaddada rayuwa a kan gaba  kuma mutane da yawa suna zaton addinin Yahudanci ba shi da ra'ayi na rayuwa bayan mutuwa.  Da yake ya gamsu cewa Yahudawa suna son wani abu daban, sai ya yanke shawarar rubuta littafi da ke zurfafawa cikin bayanin da ba na tunani ba daga al'adar Yahudawa.

## ''Ra'ayoyin Yahudawa game da Rayuwa bayan Rayuwa''
Raphael ya shafe shekaru 15 yana bincike da rubuce-rubuce na Ra'ayoyin Yahudawa na Rayuwa bayan Rayuwa, [1] cikakken bincike game da imanin Yahudawa game da rayuwa Bayan mutuwa, yana kalubalantar ra'ayin cewa Addinin Yahudanci ba shi da irin waɗannan al'adun. Littafin ya kunshi shekaru 4,000 na tunanin Yahudawa, daga Littafi Mai-Tsarki, Apocrypha, Koyarwar malamai, Falsafar zamani, tatsuniyoyi, da al'adun asiri kamar Kabbalah da Hasidism.[2][3] Ya ba da cikakken bayani game da juyin halitta na ilimin Yahudawa daga ra'ayoyin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na farko na Sheol zuwa ga imani mai rikitarwa na zamani a cikin shari'ar bayan mutuwa, sama, jahannama, da tashin matattu a Duniya Mai Zuwa, yana nuna yadda waɗannan imani suka ɓoye a zamanin yau ta hanyar tunani da kuma bayan Holocaust. Ya haɗa waɗannan ra'ayoyin tsohuwar tare da horo na zamani kamar ilimin halayyar mutum da nazarin kusan mutuwa, yana nuna kamanceceniya tsakanin al'adun asiri na Yahudawa da ƙwarewar kusan mutuwa (NDE).[2] Littafinsa ya kawo karin wayar da kan jama'a cewa al'adun Yahudawa sun ci gaba da kasancewa na ƙarni da yawa kuma sun ƙunshi ra'ayoyi masu yawa game da mutuwa.[4] A halin yanzu yana cikin bugu na uku.[5]

Raphael ya ba da shawarar cewa fahimta da rungumar waɗannan al'adun na iya canza abubuwan da Yahudawa suka fuskanta game da mutuwa da makoki, suna ba da maganin baƙin ciki da rauni na abubuwan da suka faru kamar Holocaust. Littafin ya sanya addinin Yahudanci a matsayin tushen ma'ana na fahimta game da rayuwa bayan mutuwa, yana daidaita shi da ra'ayoyin addini na duniya da kusan mutuwa. A cikin tsarinsa na "Kabbalistic-Psychological" na rayuwa bayan mutuwa, ya raba rayuwa zuwa ruhaniya, motsin rai, tunani, da kuma jiki tare da takamaiman al'ada ga kowannensu.

## Manazarta