Hassib Ben Ammar

**Hassib Ben Ammar** (11 Afrilu 1924 - 15 Disamba 2008) babban ɗan siyasan Tunisiya ne kuma ɗan jarida/edita. Ya kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin ɗan Adam. 

## Rayuwa

### Dan siyasa
Tun yana matashi ya taka rawar gani sosai a gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai na Tunusiya, musamman a matsayin mawallafin jaridar *"El Hilal"* na sirri.

Bayan samun ‘yancin kai na ƙasa, a shekarar 1961 aka naɗa shi shugabancin “Ofishin Ma’adinai na ƙasa”. A ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun 1961 ya shiga cikin Majalisar Tsarin Mulki a sabuwar Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Tunusiya: kwamitin gudanarwa na mambobi 24 sun zaɓi Ben Ammar a matsayin shugabansu na farko.

Daga baya ya riƙe manyan muƙamai a rayuwar jama'a: ya kasance shugaban reshen matasa na jam'iyyar Socialist Destourian Party,  kuma ya kasance gwamnan Tunis (lardi) daga watan Yuli 1965 har zuwa Satumba 1969. Ben Ammar ya kasance magajin garin Tunis tsakanin shekarun 1963 zuwa 1969.  A cikin shekarar 1967, a lokacin da shi da kansa yake haɗa ayyukan gwamnan lardi da magajin gari, ya kafa kungiyar kula da Madina a Tunis (, wanda ya zama shugaban kungiyar har zuwa shekara ta 1969. 

An naɗa Ben Ammar jakadan Tunisiya a Italiya na wucin gadi bayan takaddama da Ahmed Ben Salah kan batun haɗin gwiwa, kafin a naɗa shi darektan jam'iyyar Socialist Destourian Party, muƙamin da ya riƙe tsakanin 27 ga watan Satumba 1969 zuwa 23 ga Yuni 1970. Ya zama Ministan Tsaro na ƙasa a watan Yuni 1970, a gaji Beji Caid Essebsi. Duk da haka, ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin wannan matsayi har zuwa Oktoba 1971,  wanda shine lokacin da ya yi murabus saboda rashin amincewa da Shugaba Bourguiba ya yi don tabbatar da jam'iyyar Socialist Destourian Party (PSD / ):  ya maye gurbinsa a ma'aikatar tsaro. .

### Ɗan rajin kare hakkin ɗan Adam kuma ɗan jarida
An cire shi daga PSD a cikin shekarar 1970s,  Hassib Ben Ammar ya yi murabus daga muƙamansa na siyasa don shiga tare da Ahmed Mestiri wajen gina ƙungiyar adawa da ta fito daga Movement of Socialist Democrats (MDS/) .  A cikin shekarar 1977, ya kasance kuma wanda ya kafa Kungiyar Kare Hakkokin Ɗan Adam ta Tunisiya,  ya zama shugaban girmamawa na wannan ƙungiya.

Har ila yau, ya kasance shugaban "Kwamitin 'Yanci" (wani lokaci ana kiransa "Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don 'Yancin Jama'a"   ) wanda ya samo asali ne a matsayin buƙatar mutunta 'yancin ɗan adam, da kuma taron kan 'yanci da 'yancin ɗan adam.  Masu ilimi 528 (malaman jami'a, likitoci, lauyoyi da sauransu) ne suka sanya hannu kan buƙatar  kuma aka rarraba a cikin watan Afrilu 1977.  Ben Ammar ya gudanar da rangadi a ƙasashen waje don gayyatar kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na ƙasashen waje don shiga.  Taron da kansa, duk da haramcinsa, a ƙarshe ya faru a ranar 9 ga watan Yuni 1977. Ba a cikin Otal ɗin Afirka kamar yadda aka tsara ba,  amma a cikin babban taron filin jirgin sama na Tunis-Carthage. Babban ɗan takara ɗaya shine Atoni-Janar na Amurka Ramsey Clark. 

A cikin shekarar 1977 Ben Ammar ya kaddamar da jarida mai zaman kanta ta farko ta Tunisia, Erraï *(Ra'ayi*),  wanda ya bayyana a matsayin "gudumawa ga yaɗa ra'ayoyin Dimokuraɗiyya".

A cikin shekarar 1978 ya ƙaddamar da harshen Faransanci na mako-mako (ko kowane wata: maɓuɓɓuka sun bambanta) ɗaba'ar, "Democracy",  a matsayin cibiyar da aka buga don ƙungiyar adawa ta Socialist Democrats, ta zama darektan ɗaba'ar.  Jam’iyyar adawa a wannan lokacin ta saba doka kuma ya tsinci kansa a gaban hukuma da kararraki sama da ashirin.

A cikin watan Disamba 1987, 'yan makonni bayan Shugaba Zine El Abidine Ben Ali ya hau kan ƙaragar mulki, Ben Ammar ya rufe Eraï.  Majiyoyin da ke kusa da jaridar sun yi iƙirarin cewa sabon shugaban ya fusata da buga wani labarin da Oum Zied ya wallafa mai take "The drift towards authoritarianism of the Ben Ali régime,"   ya haramta fitowar da ke ɗauke da labarin tare da kaddamar da wani yaƙin neman zaɓe ga Ben Ammar, wanda ake zargin ya tilasta masa kawo ƙarshen wallafar. 

Haka kuma a ƙarshen shekarar 1987, a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba, shugaban ƙasar  ya naɗa shi zama memba a  da aka kafa kwanan nan. . Bugu da ƙari, a wannan lokacin ya kasance mai haɗin gwiwa tare da goyon bayan Ben Ali na "Cibiyar Kare Hakkokin Bil'adama ta Larabawa", wacce ke da tushe a Tunis  kuma wanda ya zama shugaban farko. 

Tsakanin shekarun 1994 zuwa 1995 Ben Ammar ya yi aiki a kwamitin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na Yaki da azabtarwa.  Shugaban ya kuma naɗa shi a babban kwamitin kare hakkin ɗan Adam da ’yancin walwala, kuma ya yi aiki a kwamitin kungiyar da ke yaki da azabtarwa. 

### Iyali
Shi ɗan Salah Ben Ammar ne kuma ɗan'uwan Radhia Haddad, ya auri Hayet Ferjani, yana da 'ya mace, Zeineb, da 'ya'ya maza uku, Kais, Khalil da Maher.

## Mutuwa
Hassib Ben Ammar ya rasu a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba, 2008. Jana'izar tasa, wadda ta gudana a makabartar Jellaz da ke gefen birnin Tunis, ta samu halartar jiga-jigan manyan jami'an gwamnati da na 'yan adawa, da manyan jami'an kasa da na birni, tare da 'yan uwansu masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama. Fouad Mebazaa wanda a wancan lokacin shi ne shugaban majalisar wakilai ta ƙasa ne ya gabatar da jana'izar, amma ya gabatar da jawabin bisa umarnin shugaba Ben Ali da kansa. Shugaban ya kuma gabatar da cikakken sakon ta'aziyya da tausayawa kai tsaye ga iyalan waɗanda suka rasu.

A cikin shekarar 2011, titi no.8811 a Tunis an sake masa suna don girmama shi. 

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa

* 1992 UNESCO Prize for Human Rights Advocacy da Ben Ammar samu a madadin Larabawa Cibiyar 'Yancin Ɗan Adam 
* 1993 Kyautar 'Yancin Ɗan Adam ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya akan bikin cika shekaru 45 na Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Ɗan Adam ta Duniya
* 1993 Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa  Kan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam
* Umarni na 7 ga watan Nuwamba daga Shugaban 

A cikin shekarar 2011 Hanyar lamba 8811 a Tunis an sake masa suna Hassib Ben Ammar. 

### Bambance-bambance
Babban Jami'in Tsarin 'Yancin Tunisiya (1968) 

## Manazarta