Munir Said Thalib

Munir Said Thalib (8 Disamba 1965 - 7 Satumba 2004) ɗan gwagwarmayar Indonesiya ne. Wanda ya kafa kungiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Kontras kuma wanda ya lashe kyautar 2000 Right Livelihood Award, Munir an kashe shi a shekara ta 2004 a lokacin da yake tafiya Jami'ar Utrecht don yin karatun digiri na biyu a fannin shari'a na kasa da kasa da 'yancin ɗan adam. Yana daya daga cikin shahararrun masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam da masu yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a Indonesia.

## Ayyukan gwagwarmayar siyasa
An haifi Munir a Batu, Gabashin Java a cikin dangin Mixed Hadhrami Arab da Javanese,  daga Kathiri . Ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Brawijaya da ke Malang a lardin Gabashin Java, sannan daga baya ya fara aikinsa a 1989 a matsayin jami'in taimakon shari'a na babban birnin lardin Gabas ta Java, Surabaya . Ya zama daya daga cikin manyan masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam na Indonesia  kuma ya fuskanci tsoratarwa, gami da barazanar mutuwa. kuma sun barazana, ciki har da barazanar kisa. Ya zargi sojojin Indonesiya da take hakkin dan Adam a Gabashin Timor da kuma lardunan Papua da Aceh da ke fama da rikici, ya kuma zarge su da keta da wata kafa ta masu laifi da ke da alaka da sare da safarar muggan ayyuka.

Ya taɓa karye hannunsa yayin da yake ceton wani tsoho ma'aikaci daga hannun jami'an tsaro.

Ya kafa Hukumar Kula da Mutanen da suka Rubuce da Wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali (KontraS).  Matsayinsa na ƙarshe shi ne babban daraktan kula da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na Indonesiya (IMPARSIAL), wata ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta Indonesiya.

A shekara ta 2001, yayin da yake binciken rawar da Kopassus ya taka a sace-sacen mutane, an kawo kunshin bam zuwa gidansa.

## Kashewa da sakamakonsa
An sakawa Munir guba ne da sinadarin arsenic a cikin jirgin daga Jakarta zuwa Amsterdam a ranar 7 ga Satumba 2004. Yana tafiya ne a kan kamfanin jirgin saman Garuda Indonesia Boeing 747-400 mai rijista a matsayin PK-GSG. Daga binciken gawar Munir da shaidun gani da ido a yayin shari’ar an tabbatar da cewa ya rasu ne sa’o’i biyu kafin ya isa filin jirgin sama na Schiphol. Ya dauki arsenic a lokacin da yake jigilar jirginsa a Singapore, ko kuma wani lokaci kusa da lokacin. A kasar Singapore, Pollycarpus Priyanto, matukin jirgin Garuda a lokacin kuma babban wanda ake zargi da shari'ar Munir, ya bar jirgin sannan ya koma Indonesia. Da farko dai ya taso ne daga kasar Indonesiya ta hanyar kisa, tare da wani takarda na bogi wanda ya ba shi damar tashi a wani jirgin wanda ba jirginsa ba ne. Munir ya fara fama da zawo da amai jim kadan bayan tashinsa daga Singapore zuwa Amsterdam. Ma’aikatan jirgin sun sanar da matukin jirgin cewa wani fasinja ba shi da lafiya, kuma an bukaci wani likitan da ke cikin jirgin ya ba da taimakon jinya. Sai dai Munir ya mutu kusan sa'o'i biyu kafin jirgin ya sauka a Amsterdam.

Lokacin da aka fitar da sakamakon binciken gawarwakin bayan watanni biyu, a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, Cibiyar Nazarin Forensic ta Netherlands ta bayyana cewa jikin Munir yana dauke da matakin arsenic kusan sau uku na kisa. Daga baya ‘yan sandan Indonesia sun tabbatar da hakan.

Akwai mutane uku da ake zargi; Pollycarpus Budihari Priyanto, wani tsohon matukin jirgin sama ne da ake zarginsa da barin kujerarsa ta kasuwanci ga Munir a lokacin jirgin, da kuma ma'aikatan jirgin guda biyu. Ana zargin Pollycarpus ne ya sanya arsenic a cikin ruwan lemu na Munir, bisa umarnin babban jami’in gudanarwa na Garuda a lokacin, Indra Setiawan.

Shugaban kasar Indonesiya Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono ya bayyana cewa zai tabbatar da cewa an gurfanar da wadanda suka kashe Munir a gaban kuliya, sannan ya gaggauta gudanar da bincike mai zaman kansa. Sai dai tallafin da kayan aikin binciken ya ragu, manyan jami'ai sun ki amincewa, kuma ba a taba fitar da sakamakon binciken ba. 

A watan Disambar 2005, wata kotu a Indonesiya ta samu Pollycarpus Budihari Priyanto da laifin kisan Munir kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru goma sha hudu. Magoya bayan Munir sun yi iƙirarin cewa Pollycarpus yana aiki ne bisa umarni kuma ba a fitar da hakan ba a lokacin da ake shari'ar.

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2006, Kotun Koli ta Indonesia ta soke hukuncin da aka yanke wa Pollycarpus, inda ta nuna rashin isasshen shaida. Koyaya, a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2007, 'yan sanda sun gabatar da sabbin shaidu ga masu gabatar da kara da ke da alaƙa da Pollycarpus . 

A watan Oktoban 2007, Indra Setiawan da mataimakinsa, Rohainil Aini, sun fuskanci shari'a kan baiwa Pollycarpus takardun bogi don shiga jirgin Munir daga Jakarta zuwa Singapore. Da sun fuskanci yiwuwar hukuncin kisa An yanke musu hukunci kuma an ɗaure su da kurkuku saboda kisan Munir, kuma sun daukaka kara kan hukuncin da aka yanke musu.

A shekara ta 2007, wata kotun Jakarta ta gano cewa Garuda ya yi sakaci wajen kin yin saukar gaggawa, sannan ta umurci kamfanin da ya biya diyyar kudi har miliyan 600 ga gwauruwar Munir. Lokacin da Garuda ya daukaka kara kan wannan hukunci, kotun koli ta kara kudin diyya zuwa adadin da ba a bayyana ba.  Garuda ya kasa biyan diyya.

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, an saki Pollycarpus daga kurkuku.

Pollycarpus ya mutu a ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 2020 saboda COVID-19 yayin bala'in COVID-19 bayan an yi masa magani na kwanaki 16.

### Kasancewar Hukumar leken asiri ta Jiha a cikin kisan kai
Jami'an Hukumar leken asiri ta jihar Indonesia (BIN) sun kasance da hannu a kisan Munir. Shugaban 'yan sanda a lokacin, Sutanto, an yi zargin ya san da BIN. An gwada mataimakin shugaban BIN, Muchdi Purwopranjono, kuma an wanke shi saboda kisan kai a cikin abin da aka hukunta a duniya a matsayin "bincike".   Masu gabatar da kara sun zargi Muchdi da ba da umarnin kashewa saboda fushi game da sukar Munir game da jagorancin Kopassus. Kafin kisan Pollycarpus ya yi akalla kira 26 zuwa Muchdi, da kuma kira da yawa zuwa layin BIN na sirri.

Wani leken asiri na diflomasiyya na Amurka ya yi zargin cewa tsohon shugaban BIN A. M. Hendropriyono "ya jagoranci tarurruka guda biyu da aka shirya kashe Munir" kuma wani shaida a wajen taron ya shaidawa 'yan sanda cewa "lokacin kisan da kuma hanyar da aka yi shi ne kawai ya canza daga shirye-shiryen da ya ji an tattauna, shirin farko shine kashe Munir a ofishinsa.  Lokacin da aka fara nada Hendropriyone a BIN Munir ya yi masa hukunci sosai, wanda ke jagorantar bincike kan rawar da Hendropriyona a cikin cin zarafin 'yancin ɗan adam don cin zarafin ɗan adam.

Wata tawagar binciken fadar shugaban kasa ta gayyaci Muchdi da Hendropriyono domin amsa tambayoyi, amma sun ki amincewa da binciken. Yansanda da ofishin babban lauya sun yi watsi da shawarwarin da tawagar ta yi wa Hendropriyono.

A cikin 2014, Hendropriyono ya yarda da dan jarida Allan Nairn cewa yana da "alhakin umarni" na kisan gillar, kuma a shirye yake ya amince a gurfanar da shi a gaban kotu.

## Darajar bayan mutuwa
An ba Munir lambar yabo ta Train Foundation's Civil Courage Prize, wanda ke ba da lambar yabo ta "jarumai masu hankali".

A cikin 2013 an buɗe gidan kayan gargajiya a Malang don girmama shi.

## Rayuwa ta mutum

Munir ya auri Suciwati, mai fafutukar kare hakkin kwadago a lokacin. Suna da yara biyu. Matarsa na ci gaba da gudanar da bincike kan kisan Munir kuma tana aiki don kiyaye shari'ar Munir da kare hakkin bil'adama a tsakiyar siyasar Indonesia.

## Dubi kuma

* 'Yancin Dan Adam a Indonesia
* Kyautar Rayuwa ta Dama
* Bayyanawa ta Duniya

## Bayanan da aka ambata