open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Michael Cook (mai ba da shawara)

**Michael John Cook** AO (28 Oktoba 1931 - 18 Yuni 2017) jami'in diflomasiyyar Australiya ne. 

Ya kasance darakta-janar na Ofishin Kididdiga na Ƙasa daga 1981 zuwa 1989 kafin ya zama Jakadan Ostiraliya a Amurka daga 1989 zuwa 1993. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Cook a Namtu, Burma a ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 1931, inda mahaifinsa HJM Cook, tsohon soja a Gallipoli, ya yi aiki a masana'antar mai. 

Iyalan sun zauna a Melbourne a shekarar 1937. Ya halarci Makarantar Grammar Geelong kuma aka ba shi tallafin karatu don halartar Kwalejin Trinity a Jami'ar Melbourne inda ya karanci shari'a.  

## Sana'a
Aikin gwamnati na Cook ya fara ne a shekarar 1954 da digirin kadet a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje. Aikinsa ya kai shi ƙasashe kamar Masar, Thailand, Indonesia da Amurka.

A shekarar 1973, an naɗa Cook a matsayin Jakadan Australiya a Vietnam kafin a naɗa shi mataimakin babban kwamishina na Australiya a Burtaniya a shekarar 1975. 

A lokacin da yake aiki a Landan, Firayim Ministan Australiya Malcolm Fraser ya shawo kan Cook ya koma Australia a shekarar 1979 don ya zama babban jami'in gudanarwa a ofishinsa na sirri.  

Bayan ya yi aiki a Fraser daga 1979 zuwa 1981, Cook ya zama Darakta Janar na Ofishin Kimanta Ƙasa.[1] [2] Ya yi wannan muƙamin daga 1981 zuwa 1989, Cook ya zama darakta janar na ONA mafi daɗewa.[3]

A shekarar 1989, an naɗa Cook a matsayin jakada na 14 na Australiya zuwa Amurka. 

Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan Cook na ƙarshe a wannan matsayin shine buɗe bincike kan ko KGB ta kutsa kai cikin Ƙungiyar Leken Asiri ta Tsaro ta Ostiraliya. Ba a taɓa fitar da sakamakon wannan binciken ba.  

Bayan kammala aikinsa na jakadan Ostiraliya a Amurka a shekarar 1993, Cook ya koma Landan inda ya kasance shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Ostiraliya ta Menzies a Kwalejin King's London daga 1997 zuwa 2011. 

## Manazarta
Leonard Adleman

**Leonard Adleman** (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 1945) masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka ƙirƙiri tsarin ɓoye bayanai na RSA, wanda ya sami kyautar Turing ta 2002.  An kuma san shi da ƙirƙirar fannin ƙirƙiro bayanai na DNA da kuma ƙirƙirar kalmar ƙwayar cuta ta kwamfuta . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Leonard M. Adleman ga wani Bayahude  a California . Iyalinsa sun fara ƙaura zuwa Amurka daga Belarus ta zamani, daga yankin Minsk .  Ya girma a San Francisco kuma ya halarci Jami'ar California, Berkeley, inda ya sami digirinsa na BA a fannin lissafi a 1968 da digirinsa na PhD a EECS a 1976.   Shi ne kuma mai ba da shawara kan lissafi a fim ɗin *Sneakers* .  A 1996, ya zama memba na Kwalejin Injiniya ta Ƙasa  saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga ka'idar lissafi da ɓoye bayanai. Shi ma memba ne na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa . 

Adleman kuma ɗan dambe ne mai son shiga gasar kuma ya yi wasa da James Toney . 

## Ganowa
A shekarar 1994, takardarsa mai suna *Molecular Computing of Solutions To Combinatorial Problems* ta bayyana amfani da DNA a matsayin gwajin tsarin lissafi.  A ciki, ya warware wani misali mai lamba bakwai na matsalar Hamiltonian Graph, wata matsala mai lamba bakwai da ta yi kama da matsalar mai siyarwa mai tafiya . Duk da cewa mafita ga misalin mai lamba bakwai ba ta da mahimmanci, wannan takarda ita ce misali na farko da aka sani na nasarar amfani da DNA don ƙididdige algorithm . An nuna cewa lissafin DNA yana da damar a matsayin hanyar magance wasu manyan matsalolin bincike.  Ana kiran Adleman da sunan Uban Kwamfutar DNA. 

A shekara ta 2002, shi da ƙungiyar bincikensa sun sami nasarar magance wata matsala 'marar muhimmanci' ta amfani da lissafin DNA.  Musamman, sun magance matsalar SAT mai canzawa 20 wadda ke da sama da mafita miliyan 1. Sun yi ta kamar yadda Adleman ya yi amfani da ita a cikin takardarsa ta 1994. Da farko, an haɗa cakuda zaren DNA a hankali wanda ke wakiltar sararin warware matsalar. Daga nan aka yi amfani da wannan cakuda ta hanyar algorithm ta amfani da dabarun biochemical don fitar da zaren 'mara daidai', inda aka bar zaren kawai waɗanda suka 'gamsar' matsalar. Binciken jerin nucleotide na waɗannan zaren da suka rage ya nuna mafita 'masu kyau' ga matsalar ta asali. 

Shi ne ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka gano gwajin farko na Adleman-Pomerance-Rumely .

Fred Cohen, a cikin takardarsa ta 1984, *Experiments with Computer Viruses* ya ambaci Adleman da ya ƙirƙiro kalmar " computer virus ". 

Tun daga shekarar 2017, Adleman yana aiki akan ka'idar lissafi ta Strata. Farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta a Jami'ar Kudancin California.

## Kyaututtuka
Saboda gudunmawar da ya bayar wajen ƙirƙirar tsarin RSA, Adleman, tare da Ron Rivest da Adi Shamir, sun sami kyautar Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award ta 1996 da kuma kyautar Turing Award ta 2002, wadda aka fi sani da kyautar Nobel ta Kimiyyar Kwamfuta.  An zaɓi Adleman a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 2006  da kuma ACM Fellow na 2021. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin shahararrun masu shirye-shirye
* Jerin manyan masana kimiyyar kwamfuta

## Manazarta
Portia na Rossi

**Portia Lee James DeGeneres** (an haife ta **Amanda Lee Rogers** ; 31 ga Janairu 1973), wacce aka fi sani da **Portia de Rossi**, tsohuwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Australiya kuma 'yar Amurka. Ta taka rawar Nelle Porter a cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka *Ally McBeal* (1998–2002), wanda ta lashe kyautar Screen Actors Guild Award ; Lindsay Bluth Fünke a cikin shirin talabijin na Amurka mai suna *Arrestted Development* (2003–2006, 2013, 2018–2019), da kuma Elizabeth North a cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na siyasa na Amurka mai suna *Scandal* (2014–2017).  

Ta kuma fito a matsayin fitacciyar mai rakiya Olivia Lord a cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin na Amurka *Nip/Tuck* (2007–2009) da kuma Manajan Ofishin Veronica Palmer a cikin shirin talabijin na Amurka *Better Off Ted* (2009–2010). De Rossi ya auri mai barkwanci, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, kuma tsohuwar mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen talabijin Ellen DeGeneres.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Portia de Rossi Amanda Lee Rogers a Horsham, Victoria, Ostiraliya,  'yar Margaret, mai karɓar baƙi a fannin likitanci, da Barry Rogers.  Mahaifinta ya mutu yana da shekara tara. Ta girma a Grovedale, wani yanki na Geelong, Victoria, kuma an yi mata ƙira don buga littattafai da wasu tallace-tallace na talabijin tun tana ƙarama. A shekarar 1988, tana da shekara 15, ta ɗauki sunan Portia de Rossi. A shekarar 2005, ta ce ta yi hakan ne don ta sake ƙirƙirar kanta da kuma yin kama da wadda ta fi girma, ta amfani da sunan da aka bayar na Portia, wani hali daga littafin William Shakespeare mai suna *The Merchant of Venice ,* da kuma sunan ƙarshe na Italiya. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar Geelong, Melbourne Girls Grammar da Jami'ar Melbourne, inda ta karanci shari'a.

## Sana'a

Muhimmancin rawar da De Rossi ta taka a karon farko a matsayinta na ƙarama kuma mai jan hankali a fim ɗin *Sirens* na Australiya na 1994. Ba da daɗewa ba, ta ƙaura zuwa Los Angeles kuma ta sami matsayin baƙi a shirye-shiryen talabijin da dama da kuma rawar da ta taka a *Nick Freno: Licensed Teacher ,* kafin ta fara taka rawa a fim ɗin *Scream 2.* A lokacin da take Amurka, de Rossi ta yi aiki don samun lafazin Amurka. 

De Rossi ta jawo hankalin ƙasashen duniya lokacin da ta shiga cikin manyan jaruman Ally McBeal a shekarar 1998, inda ta taka rawa a matsayin lauya Nelle Porter. Ta ci gaba da kasancewa tare da shirin har zuwa ƙarshensa a shekarar 2002. A shekarar 2001, ta taka rawa a cikin fim ɗin Who Is Cletis Tout? tare da Christian Slater. Daga 2003 zuwa 2006, de Rossi ta taka rawa a matsayin Lindsay Bluth Fünke a cikin shirin Fox Television na Arrestted Development . Ta kuma taka rawa a matsayin matar John F. Kennedy Jr., Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy, a cikin fim ɗin da aka yi don talabijin mai suna America's Prince: The John F. Kennedy Jr. Story a shekarar 2003. A wannan shekarar, ta taka rawa a matsayin ɗan jarida ɗan ƙasar Australiya wanda ya zaburar da zanga-zangar adawa da Frank Sinatra a lokacin rangadin kade-kade a cikin shirin The Night We Called It a Day.

## Manazarta
Roy Adler

**Roy Lee Adler** (22 ga Fabrairu, 1931 - 26 ga Yuli, 2016  ) ƙwararren masanin lissafi ne ɗan Amurka.

Adler ya sami digirin digirgir a shekarar 1961 daga Jami'ar Yale a ƙarƙashin kulawar Shizuo Kakutani ( Akan wasu fannoni na lissafi na kiyaye canje-canje ). [1] Daga nan ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin lissafi a IBM a Cibiyar Bincike ta Thomas J. Watson .

Adler ya yi nazarin tsarin dynamic, ka'idar ergodic, yanayin symbol da topological da kuma ka'idar coding . Matsalar canza launi ta hanya da Avraham Trakhtman ya warware a shekarar 2007 ta fito ne daga gare shi, tare da LW Goodwyn da Benjamin Weiss .

Ya kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Lissafi ta Amurka .  Bruce Kitchens da sauransu sun rubuta takarda kan aikinsa da tasirin aikinsa. 

## Rubuce-rubuce

* Tare da Brian Marcus: *Tsarin Tsarin Halitta da Daidaiton Tsarin Dynamic* . Memoirs of the American Lissafi Society. **20** (1979), a'a 219.
* Tare da Benjamin Weiss: *Kamanceceniya da tsarin automorphisms na torus*, Memoirs of the American Lissafi Society (1970), no 98. 
* ''Tsarin alama da kuma ɓangarorin Markov'', Bulletin of the American Lissafi Society. **35** (1998), a'a 1, 1–57.
* Tare da L. Wayne Goodwyn da Benjamin Weiss: , Jaridar Lissafi ta Isra'ila . **27** (1977), 49–63.
* Tare da Alan Konheim da MH McAndrew: *Tsarin Halittar Topological*, Mu'amalar Ƙungiyar Lissafi ta Amurka. **114** (1965), 309–319.
* Tare da Tomasz Downarowicz da Michał Misiurewicz: Topological Entropy . Scholarpedia. **3** (2008), na 2, 2200.
* Tare da Charles Tresser da Patrick A. Worfolk: *Haɗin Topological na endomorphisms na linear endomorphisms na 2-torus*, Transactions of the American Lissafi Society. **349** (1997), 1633–1652.
* Tare da Benjamin Weiss: *Entropy, cikakken ma'auni mara canzawa ga automorphisms na torus*, Takardar Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa. **57** (1967), 1573–1576.

## Manazarta
David Cockayne

**David John Hugh Cockayne** FRS  FInstP (19 Maris 1942 - 22 Disamba 2010) Farfesa ne a fannin nazarin kayan aiki a Sashen Kayan Aiki a Jami'ar Oxford kuma farfesa a Kwalejin Linacre daga 2000 zuwa 2009. Ya kasance shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Microscopy daga 2003 zuwa 2007, sannan mataimakin shugaban ƙasa daga 2007 zuwa 2010.

Cockayne ƙwararren masani ne kan na'urar microscop na lantarki wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka na'urar microscop na lantarki mai rauni (TEM), da kuma amfani da TEM mai inganci ga lu'u-lu'u, fullerenes da semiconductors .  

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Cockayne a Balham, Landan, na biyu cikin 'ya'ya uku na John Henry Cockayne, ɗan sanda kuma daga baya manajan ma'aikata, da matarsa, Ivy, née Hatton.  A shekarar 1950, lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 8, iyalin sun yi tafiya daga Tilbury a kan Otranto, suna kan hanyarsu ta zuwa Melbourne ;  sabon gidansu zai kasance a yankin Geelong na Victoria. A shekarar 1952 sun ƙaura zuwa wani sabon gida da aka gina a Geelong, kuma Cockayne ya halarci sabuwar makaranta, inda aka ba shi tallafin karatu zuwa Makarantar Grammar Geelong a shekarar 1953, inda ya yi fice a fannin sinadarai, kimiyyar lissafi da lissafi.

A shekarar 1961, Cockayne ya yi rajista a Jami'ar Melbourne don karanta kimiyyar lissafi; ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1964 da lambar yabo ta farko. Ya ci gaba da yin bincike kan diffraction na electron don digiri na biyu, inda ya sake samun maki na farko a shekarar 1966.  Daga nan aka ba shi tallafin karatu na Commonwealth don yin karatu don digiri na DPhil a Kwalejin Magdalen, Oxford.

David ya shiga Sashen Karafa a Oxford a watan Satumba na 1966 don gudanar da bincike kan hotunan na'urar hangen nesa ta lantarki na lahani a cikin layukan lu'ulu'u, a ƙarƙashin kulawar Dr. MJ Whelan . An ba shi lambar DPhil a shekarar 1970. 

Yana da shekaru 32, Cockayne ya karɓi muƙamin darakta na Jami'ar Sydney Electron Microscope Unit (EMU) a watan Yunin 1974. Ya kuma riƙe muƙamin mataimakin farfesa. An ɗaukaka shi zuwa cikakken farfesa a shekarar 1986, sannan ya zama shugaba na musamman (Farfesa a fannin kimiyyar lissafi (Electron Microscopy da Microanalysis)) a shekarar 1992. Ya gina wani muhimmin tushe na bincike a Sydney; tare da David McKenzie ya ƙirƙiro wata dabarar diffraction ta electron mai inganci a cikin na'urar microscope ta electron don nazarin tsarin kayan da ba su da siffar jiki.[1]

Cockrayne ya koma Oxford a shekara ta 2000, don ya karɓi muƙamin Farfesa a Nazarin Kayan Aiki, a Sashen Kayan Aiki . Ya kuma zama Farfesa Fellow a Kwalejin Linacre . A sashen kayan aiki ya "gina wata ƙungiyar na'urar duba na'urar lantarki mai ban mamaki", kuma an fara bincike mai zurfi a Sydney kan halayen ƙarfe masu girman nanometer (ƙudurin ɗigo).

## Manazarta
Sarita Adve

**Sarita Vikram Adve** ita ce Farfesa Richard T. Cheng na Kimiyyar Kwamfuta a Jami'ar Illinois da ke Urbana-Champaign .  Abubuwan da take sha'awa a bincikenta sun shafi gine-ginen kwamfuta da tsarinsu, kwamfuta mai layi daya, da tsarin da ke da masaniya kan iko da aminci.

## Ilimi da aiki
Adve ta kammala digirin farko na fasaha a fannin injiniyan lantarki a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya da ke Bombay a shekarar 1987. Daga baya ta kammala digirin Master of Science (1989) da Ph.D. (1993) a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta a Jami'ar Wisconsin–Madison .   Kafin ta shiga Illinois, Adve ta kasance memba a jami'o'i a Jami'ar Rice daga 1993 zuwa 1999. Ta yi aiki a kwamitin ba da shawara na daraktan NSF CISE daga 2003 zuwa 2005 da kuma a cikin ƙungiyar ƙwararru don sake duba tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar Java daga 2001 zuwa 2005. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ACM SIGARCH daga 2015 zuwa 2019. 

An zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Lantarki (IEEE) a shekarar 2012 saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga ma'anar ƙwaƙwalwa da aka raba da kuma kwamfuta mai layi ɗaya.

Ita ce mai kula da digirin digirgir na Parthasarathy Ranganathan . 

## Lambobin yabo da girmamawa
Adve ta sami kyautar Ken Kennedy a shekarar 2018,  kyautar ACM SIGARCH Maurice Wilkes a shekarar 2008,  kyautar malamai ta IBM a shekarar 2005, an nada ta a matsayin Malamin Jami'a na UIUC a shekarar 2004,  ta sami kyautar Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship a shekarar 1998, kyautar haɗin gwiwar Jami'ar IBM a shekarar 1997 da 1998, da kuma kyautar CEERER ta Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Ƙasa a shekarar 1995. An nada Adve a matsayin Fellow na ACM a shekarar 2010.  Ta lashe kyautar ABIE Award for Innovation ta shekarar 2012 daga Cibiyar Anita Borg .  

A shekarar 2020, an zaɓi Adve a Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka .  A shekarar 2023, an zaɓi Adve a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Kimiyya ta Amurka . 

## Manazarta
Ernest de Little

**Ernest Robert de Little** (19 ga Yuni 1868 – 1 ga Oktoba 1926) ɗan wasan kurket ne kuma mai kiwo ajin farko na Australiya.

## Farkon rayuwa
An haifi de Little a Melbourne a watan Yunin 1868. Mahaifinsa Henry de Little ne, wani majagaba a Gundumar Yammacin Victoria. Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Geelong Grammar, daga nan ya tafi ya yi tafiya na tsawon shekaru biyu bayan kammala karatunsa. Bayan shekaru biyu na tafiya ya isa Ingila, inda ya sami gurbi a Kwalejin Jesus a Jami'ar Cambridge. Yayin da yake karatu a Cambridge, de Little ya buga wasan kurket na aji na farko a Kwalejin Kurket ta Jami'ar Cambridge sau tara a tsakanin 1888 da 1889. Yana wasa a matsayin mai buga ƙwallo mai sauri a hannun dama a ɓangaren Cambridge, ya ɗauki wickets 27 a matsakaicin 20.29. Ya ɗauki wickets biyar sau biyu a cikin innings kuma ya taɓa ɗaukar wickets goma a wasa, tare da mafi kyawun innings na 7 don 27. Shi ne ɗalibi na farko na makarantar gwamnati ta Victoria da ya sami Cambridge Blue a wasan kurket. A shekarar 1890, ya yi rangadin Birtaniya Indiya tare da tawagar George Vernon, duk da cewa rangadin bai ƙunshi wasanni na farko ba;  duk da haka, rangadin ya kasance na farko tare da shi ne ziyarar farko da wata ƙungiyar Ingila ta kai Indiya.

Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Cambridge, de Little ya koma Ostiraliya don fara harkar kiwo a tsohon gidan mahaifinsa da ke Caramut, Victoria.[1] Gidan yana ƙarƙashin ikon amintattu tun daga 1871, lokacin da mahaifinsa ya mutu, har zuwa 1890, lokacin da aka raba shi tsakanin Ernest da babban ɗan'uwansa Henry. Kason de Little ya ƙunshi eka 8,000. Daga baya ya sayar da wani ɓangare na kasonsa ga ɗan'uwansa kuma ya sayi Barwidgee Estate mai eka 9,600, wanda ya ga ya fi dacewa a yi aiki da shi. Ya sayi wani fili a Port Fairy, tare da shi yana amfani da gidaje biyu don samar da ulu mai inganci. [1] de Little kuma yana da kyakkyawan suna a matsayin ɗan wasan polo da mai kiwon doki, wanda ya haifi dawakai masu nasara da yawa na tsere. [1] Ya mutu a Caramut a watan Oktoba na 1926 kuma matarsa, Ethel, da ɗansu sun tsira daga gare shi. [1]

## Manazarta
Norman Davison (footballer)

**Norman McNicol Davison** (17 ga Fabrairu 1888 – 20 ga Disamba 1958) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wasa da Geelong a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL). 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Norman Davison's playing statistics from AFL Tables
* Norman Davison at AustralianFootball.com
Dick de Fegely

**Richard Strachan de Fegely** (15 Oktoba 1928 &#x2013; 27 Oktoba 2012) ɗan siyasa ne na ƙasar Ostiraliya.

An haife shi a Ararat ga Albert de Fegely, wani manomi, da Laura de Nully. Bayan ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Ararat da Makarantar Grammar Geelong, ya yi aiki a matsayin manomi. A shekarar 1953 ya auri Ruth Beggs, wacce ta haifi 'ya'ya maza uku. A matsayinsa na memba na Jam'iyyar Liberal, an wakilta shi a Kwamitin Zaɓe na Wimmera (1975 &#x2013; 79), Shugaban Reshen Ararat (1976 &#x2013; 79), memba na Kwamitin Kuɗi na Wannon (1978 &#x2013; 83), shugaban Kwamitin Zaɓe na Ripon (1979 &#x2013; 83), wakili a Majalisar Jiha (1979 &#x2013; 83), kuma mataimakin shugaban taron Wannon / Corangamite Area (1982 &#x2013; 83).

A shekarar 1985, an zaɓe de Fegely a Majalisar Dokokin Victoria a matsayin memba na Liberal na Lardin Ballarat. Ya kasance Ministan Gidaje da Gine-gine na Inuwa daga 1988 zuwa 1989 da kuma Mai Mulki na Liberal a Majalisar Dokoki daga 1991 zuwa 1996. Daga 1996 zuwa 1999, shi ne Sakataren Jam'iyyar Liberal, kuma ya yi aiki a kwamitoci da dama. Ya yi ritaya a 1999, kuma a 2001 an ba shi lambar yabo ta ƙarni . De Fegely ya mutu a 2012.[1]

## Manazarta
Troy Davis (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Australiya)

**Troy Davis** (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1992) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Melbourne Football Club wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Australia (AFL).

## Aikin AFL
An ɗauki Davis daga Geelong Falcons a gasar TAC Cup tare da zaɓin 50 a gasar National Draft ta 2010 a matsayin mai tsaron baya mai tsayi. Duk da haka, ya rasa mafi yawan kakar wasa ta 2011 saboda ciwon thyroid da ya yi yawa.

Davis bai buga wasan farko a shekarar 2011 ko 2012 ba, maimakon haka ya buga dukkan wasanninsa tare da 'yan wasan tsakiya na Melbourne, Casey Scorpions, a gasar kwallon kafa ta Victorian.

Davis ya yi ta kai-tsaye tsakanin 'yan wasan gaba da na baya ga Casey a shekarar 2013, har sai da aka kira shi a ƙarshen kakar wasa inda aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a AFL da Gold Coast a zagaye na 20; [1] ya sake bugawa a mako mai zuwa da Fremantle inda ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a AFL, sannan aka cire shi daga baya.

An cire Davis daga jerin 'yan wasa a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2013,  duk da haka, ya sanya hannu da Casey inda ya ci gaba da bugawa a 2014. Daga baya ya koma ƙungiyarsa ta matasa Kerang.

## Manazarta
Vadim Dale

**Vadim Dale** (an haife shi (ranar  ) ɗan sanda ne ɗan ƙasar Ostiraliya kuma tsohon mutum ne a talabijin na gaskiya. An nuna shi a shirin soyayya na talabijin na gaskiya na Amurka na 2004 *Outback Jack*,  inda ya haɗu da matarsa, Natalie. A shekarar 2005, ya ƙaura zuwa garinsu na Natalie, Louisville, Kentucky, inda ya shiga Sashen 'Yan Sanda na Metro na Louisville.

A shekarar 2018, ya bar sashen ya zama mai magana da yawun kamfanoni. Duk da haka, kafin shekarar 2020, ya shiga sashen 'yan sanda a kusa da St. Matthews, Kentucky . An yi masa hira da *Sydney Morning Herald* a shekarar 2020 a lokacin zanga-zangar George Floyd.

## Bayani
An haifi Dale ga uwa 'yar Italiya kuma uba 'yar Australiya a Melbourne, Ostiraliya. Babban ɗan'uwansa, Eden, ya mutu a shekarar 1980 sakamakon matsalolin cututtukan zuciya. Ba da daɗewa ba, Dale ya halarci Makarantar Grammar Geelong a matsayin ɗan ƙasa. Yana da sha'awar kasada da kuma wasannin waje, ya zama sananne saboda ƙwarewarsa ta wasanni, inda ya lashe lambobin yabo a wasanni da dama, ciki har da ninkaya da hawan dawaki.

## Sana'a
Dale ya shafe yawancin shekarunsa na ƙuruciya yana yawo a duniya, ciki har da zama a Italiya na tsawon shekaru da dama tare da dangin mahaifiyarsa. A shekara ta 2000, Dale ya yi tafiya zuwa Nepal yana yin balaguro na watanni 6 yana yawo a cikin tsaunukan Himalayas, daga ƙarshe ya kai kololuwa da dama. A shekara ta 2003, Tashar Watsa Labarai ta Turner (TBS) ta zo Ostiraliya kuma ta sanar da neman wani mutum a waje a duk faɗin ƙasar don ya fito a cikin wani shirin talabijin mai cike da kasafin kuɗi ( Outback Jack ) wanda za a yi fim a wurin da ke cikin Ostiraliya. Wani abokin Dale ya gabatar da buƙatarsa a madadinsa ba tare da ya gaya masa ba. Bayan jinkirin farko, Dale ya gamsu da shiga cikin tauraruwar.[1]

Bayan fitowarsa a cikin *shirin Outback Jack*, ya koma Louisville, Kentucky kuma ya auri wacce ta yi soyayya da ita a shirin, Natalie Franzman, a watan Satumba na 2005.

Mujallar *People Magazine* ta zaɓi Dale a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan jaruman da suka yi fice a gasar Bachelor guda 50, kuma an nuna shi a cikin fitowar "The Worlds Hottest Men" ta shekarar 2007. Ya fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin da dama a duk faɗin duniya: *Miss Popularity*, da *Treasure Island,* inda shi da matarsa, Natalie, suka zo na uku. Ya kasance mai masaukin baki a wasu shirye-shiryen talabijin na Australiya, ciki har da *Celebrity Circus*, inda Dale ya fito a matsayin jarumi, *StarStruck*, *The Great Outdoors* da *Getaway* .

## Manazarta
John Mark Davies

**Sir John Mark Davies** KCMG (8 ga Fabrairu, 1840) 12 ga Satumba 1919) ɗan siyasa ne ɗan ƙasar Ostireliya wanda aka haifa a Birtaniya.

An haifi Davies a Halstead, Essex, Ingila a shekarar 1840, kuma shi ne na biyar a cikin 'ya'yan maza shida da kuma 'yan mata shida na Ebenezer Davies da Ruth Bartlett. Biyu daga cikin ƙananan yara maza sun yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar Geelong. An yi wa John rubutu a shekarar 1852 kuma a shekarar 1863 aka shigar da shi Kotun Koli ta Victoria a matsayin lauya. Ya yi aiki a matsayin abokin tarayya a wani kamfanin lauyoyi na tsawon shekaru, kuma ya kasance Shugaban Cibiyar Shari'a ta Victoria a 1885-86; an nada shi memba na farko na ƙungiyar a 1919. 

## Aikin siyasa
Davies ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga 1889 zuwa 1919, wanda da farko ya wakilci Lardin Yarra ta Kudu (1889–1895) [1] sannan Lardin Melbourne (1899–1919). [2] kuma ya kasance Ministan Lafiya na tsawon watanni biyu a 1891. Ya kasance Lauya-Janar a ƙarƙashin Allan McLean (1899–1900) da William Irvine (1902–1903), daga baya kuma ya zama Ministan Umarni na Jama'a na Irvine (1903) da kuma Babban Lauya (1903–1904). A ƙarƙashin Thomas Bent, shi ne Babban Lauya (1903–1909) da kuma Babban Lauya (1904–1909), kodayake John Mackey ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin Babban Lauya a 1908. Davies shi ne Shugaban Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga 1910 zuwa 1919. [2] Ya yi murabus daga Majalisar a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 1919, bayan ya sha fama da bugun jini, kuma ya mutu bayan 'yan watanni yana da shekaru 79 [3]

## Daraja
An naɗa Davies a matsayin Kwamandan Knight na Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) a watan Janairun 1918. An yi masa jana'iza ta gwamnati. 

## Gidaje
Gidan da ya saya a shekarar 1892, wato Gidan Masoya na Valentine, ya zama wurin Makarantar Grammar Malvern (wanda yanzu haka ake kira Malvern Campus na Makarantar Grammar Caulfield ), kuma an sanya shi a cikin Rijistar Tarihin Victorian a shekarar 1975.  Iyalan Davies sun zauna a cikin Gidan Masoya na Valentine har zuwa shekarar 1919 lokacin da suka ƙaura zuwa Little Valentines a Wattletree Road, Glen Iris.

## Manazarta
Brent Daniels

**Brent Daniels** (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Maris 1999) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Australiya wanda ke bugawa ƙungiyar Greater Western Sydney Giants wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australian Football League (AFL). Ya fara buga wasa a zagaye na 16 na kakar wasa ta 2018 da West Coast Eagles a filin wasa na Perth.

## Rayuwar farko
Daniels ya girma a Swan Hill  kuma ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa a Nyah-Nyah West United. Ya yi tafiya a Makarantar Geelong Grammar tare da abokan wasansa na ƙwallon ƙafa da abokai , Paddy Dow, Lochie O'Brien da Jarrod Brander. Daniels ya buga wasan kurket da ƙwallon ƙafa ga ƙungiyoyin makaranta. Ya kuma buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Bendigo Pioneers a gasar TAC Cup da kuma Vic Country a gasar cin kofin AFL 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18. Daniels bai buga rabin na biyu na kakar wasa ta 2016 ba saboda raunin gwiwa. Ya yi gwaji a gasar AFL Draft Combine ta 2017 kuma ya yi rikodin lokaci na uku mafi kyau na daƙiƙa 8.11 a gwajin motsa jiki. Callum Twomey ya yi tsokaci cewa "haɗin ƙarfin gwiwa, juriya da saurin wasa ... na Daniels ya yi fice." 

## Aikin AFL
An zaɓi Daniels a matsayin ɗan wasa na 27 a gasar cin kofin ƙasa ta 2017,  amma ya sha wahala a wasan da aka yi a watan Disamba, wanda ake sa ran zai sa ya rasa damar buga wasa na tsawon makonni goma zuwa goma sha biyu. Ya shafe wata guda a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Arewa maso Gabashin Australiya kafin fara wasa a zagaye na 16. Kocin Leon Cameron ya ce "Yana da matsin lamba mai kyau, matsin lamba na bin diddigi kuma muna son hakan ... zai iya buga wasan, ɗan wasa ne mai kyau a gaba da kuma kusurwa".  A kakar wasa ta 2019, Daniels shi ne ɗan wasa na biyu mafi gajarta a AFL. Daniels ya sami takarar AFL Rising Star ta 2019 a zagaye na 23 da Gold Coast, inda ya tattara 20 da aka jefa a raga sannan ya zura kwallaye 2.   A wasan ƙarshe na AFL na 2019 da Brisbane Lions, Daniels ya zura ƙwallon da ta ba shi nasara a wasan a mintunan ƙarshe na wasan don bai wa Greater Western Sydney gurbi a wasan ƙarshe na ƙarshe da Collingwood. Daniels ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar da ta sha kashi a hannun Richmond a gasar Grand Final ta 2019. Ya rasa dukkan kakar wasa ta 2022 saboda raunin da ya samu a cinyarsa, wanda hakan ya hana shi buga wasan AFL na tsawon kwanaki 590.

Daniels ya buga wasansa na 100 na AFL [undefined] a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi kyawun wasa a 2024, kuma an zaɓe shi a cikin ƙungiyar All-Australian ta 2024 mai mutane 44, [1] tare da ƙwararrun masana da yawa suna hasashen cewa ɗan wasan gaba na All-Australian na farko zai buga wa ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba. [2] Kwanaki kaɗan bayan haka, Daniels ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa har zuwa ƙarshen 2031, yana mai watsi da yarjejeniyar 2025 kyauta.[3]

## Manazarta
Oak Hammock Marsh

**Dajin Oak Hammock** wani fili ne mai dausayi da kuma yankin kula da namun daji wanda ke da nisan  arewacin Winnipeg, Manitoba, Kanada.  Ana ɗaukar WMA a matsayin yanki mai kariya daga aji na IV a ƙarƙashin nau'ikan kula da yanki mai kariya daga IUCN.  An san wannan fili a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) saboda yawan tsuntsayen ruwa da tsuntsayen bakin teku da ke duniya.  Wurin Ramsar ne da aka keɓe saboda mahimmancinsa na duniya a matsayin wurin kiwo da kuma wurin ajiye tsuntsayen ruwa da sauran tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura.  Girmansa ya kai  . 

## Tarihi
Lambun ya ƙunshi ragowar 470&nbsp;murabba'i&nbsp;Yankin dausayi mai nisan kilomita da kuma fenda wanda ya miƙe daga gefen Winnipeg zuwa arewa zuwa Teulon, Manitoba da yamma zuwa kusurwar kudu maso yamma na Tafkin Winnipeg .  Wannan fili mai faɗi an san shi da Turanci a da St. Andrews Bog.  Sunan Oak Hammock ya samo asali ne tun farkon shekarun 1870 lokacin da mazauna ke taruwa don yin hutu a kan wani dutse da aka rufe da itacen oak a gefen wannan fadama.  Aaron MacDonald ne ya mallaki ƙasar kuma sunan Oak Hammock wanda ya sanya wa yankin suna daga ƙarshe. Wannan sunan ya zama na hukuma tare da buɗe Ofishin Wasikun Oak Hammock wanda aka yi amfani da shi har zuwa farkon shekarun 1900. 

Wannan dausayin ya sami magudanar ruwa don amfanin gona tun daga shekarar 1897 kuma a farkon shekarun 1960 duk sai 60&nbsp;an rage yawan ha. Matakan dawo da wani ɓangare na dausayin sun fara ne a shekarar 1967 lokacin da gwamnatocin Manitoba da Kanada suka fara wani shiri na haɗin gwiwa tare da Ducks Unlimited Canada da sauran ƙungiyoyin kare namun daji don mayar da filayen noma masu faɗi zuwa jihar da ta dace da namun daji.  A shekarar 1972, lardin ya yi aiki tare da Ducks Unlimited don gina hanyar sadarwa ta dykes kuma nan da shekarar 1974, 3,450&nbsp;An sayi ha. na ƙasa kuma an sayar da ha. 22&nbsp;kilomita na dawaki da aka gina don kamawa da riƙe ruwa a cikin sassa uku na dausayi da aka raba da dausayi.  An kuma gina tsibiran gida 58 a cikin sassa uku. Wannan yanki tare da tsaunukan da ke kewaye duk lardin ne ya tsara su kuma aka keɓe su zuwa Yankin Kula da Namun Daji na Oak Hammock Marsh (WMA) a cikin yanki mai girman hekta murabba'i 3,600 ko    .  Wannan yanki yana ci gaba da gudanar da shi ta Manitoba Conservation and Climate . 

A shekarar 1984, gwamnatin Manitoba ta sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniyar ci gaba da Ducks Unlimited Canada don gina tsarin kula da ruwa, ayyukan samar da ruwa, ƙarin tsibiran gida, ƙarin dykes, da kuma ƙirƙirar wani sashe na huɗu. An gina cibiyar kiyayewa da karɓar baƙi a shekarar 1991 akan kuɗin CA$11 miliyan kuma tana aiki a matsayin hedikwatar ƙasa ta Ducks Unlimited Canada, da kuma Cibiyar Binciken Wetland ta Harry J. Enns.  An buɗe wannan ginin a hukumance a shekarar 1993, shekaru 20 bayan gyara dazuzzukan farko. 

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli ta Arava

**Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli ta Arava** wata cibiyar nazarin ilimi ce da bincike da ke Kibbutz Ketura a gefen kwarin Arava na Isra'ila .  Manufar Cibiyar Arava ita ce ci gaba da haɗin gwiwar muhalli tsakanin iyakoki a fuskar rikicin siyasa. 

## Dalibai da shirye-shiryen ilimi
Ɗaliban da ke Cibiyar Arava suna rayuwa a Kibbutz Ketura yayin da suke ɗaukar darussan ci gaba mai ɗorewa, kula da ruwa, dokar muhalli, manufofin tattalin arziki, kimiyyar muhalli, da sauran batutuwa a nazarin muhalli. Ana koyar da darussa cikin Turanci. Membobin malaman galibi malamai ne baƙi daga jami'o'i, a Isra'ila da ƙasashen waje, ko ƙwararru a fannoni kamar manufofin jama'a da kula da ruwa.

Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekarar 1996, ta Alon Tal Cibiyar Arava ta karɓi baƙuncin sama da ɗaliban digiri na biyu da na digiri na farko 800 daga ƙasashe daban-daban, ciki har da Yahudawan Isra'ila, Larabawan Isra'ila, Falasɗinawa, Jordan, Masar, Tunisiya, Maroko, Turai da Amurka. 

Daliban AIES za su iya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen zangon karatu da na shekara-shekara da Jami'ar Ben-Gurion ta amince da su, da kuma shirye-shiryen digiri na biyu guda biyu da Jami'ar Ben-Gurion ta bayar - ɗaya a Nazarin Hamadar Muhalli da ɗayan kuma MBA "Kore" wanda ke koyar da dorewar muhalli da inganci da kuma ƙwarewar gudanar da kasuwanci. Wani lokaci ana ba da kwas na lokacin bazara na makonni uku don nazarin ƙalubalen bambancin halittu da muhalli a Arabah Valley . Cibiyar Arava tana tunanin kafa shirin digiri na biyu tare da Jami'ar Al-Quds, cibiyar ilimi mafi girma ta Larabawa guda ɗaya a Urushalima.

Ana buƙatar dukkan ɗaliban AIES su kammala wani taron karawa juna sani kan gina zaman lafiya da jagoranci na muhalli wanda ba shi da lamuni. 

## Suka
Cibiyar Arava ta fuskanci suka daga ƙungiyoyi da dama na Falasɗinu da masu adawa da Sihiyoniya saboda ƙoƙarin "daidaita" yanayin Isra'ila a tsakanin al'ummar Larabawa na yankin.    Wasu masu goyon bayan wannan ra'ayi sun kuma bayyana cewa ba za a iya bambanta ilimin Isra'ila da gwamnatin Isra'ila ba, saboda babban haɗin gwiwar kimiyya da fasaha, musamman dangane da Sojojin Tsaron Isra'ila . 

Wasu kuma sun bayyana cewa cibiyar ta gaza yin magana kan take hakkin dan adam da Isra'ila ta yi wa Falasdinawa, ciki har da tilasta wa Falasdinawa mazauna yankin Bedouin yin ƙaura daga hamadar Negeb inda cibiyar take.  Cibiyar Arava ta ce ba ta da wata manufa ta siyasa a wannan fanni, wanda wasu jihohi ke da hannu a take hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila.  

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samun kuɗi na Cibiyar Arava ita ce Asusun Ƙasa na Yahudawa, wanda ƙungiyar Kauracewa, Rage Kuɗaɗen Shiga da Takunkumi ta yi Allah wadai da shi a matsayin babban mai taka rawa wajen korar Falasɗinawa . 

## Manazarta
Kamfanin hadin gwiwa na Kanada

**Kamfanin Haɗin Kan Mountain na Kanada** (**CIJV**) haɗin gwiwa ne na "hukumomin gwamnati, ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar Aboriginal, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, masana'antu, jami'o'i da masu filaye"  don aiwatar da Tsarin Gudanar da Kaza na Arewacin Amurka a yankunan tsaunuka na kudu da tsakiyar British Columbia a Kanada,  da yankin tsaunukan kudu maso yamma na Alberta .  Yankin aikinsa ya haɗa da "dukkan wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa na tsaunuka",  tare da iyakokin da ke kan iyakar Amurka da kudu, gefen gabas na Dutsen Rocky a gabas, gefen tsaunukan Coast a yamma, da kuma dajin boreal a arewa.  Yana kusa da Intermountain West Joint Venture a kudu, Pacific Coast Joint Venture a yamma, da Prairie Habitat Joint Venture a gabas.

An kafa shi a watan Nuwamba na 2003,  yana aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na Shirin Kare Tsuntsaye na Arewacin Amurka . Hakanan yana shiga cikin aiwatar da Tsarin Tsuntsayen Teku na Kanada, Abokan Hulɗa a Jirgin Sama, da Shirin Kare Tsuntsayen Teku na Kanada don Tsuntsayen Teku da Ruwa. Yana samun kuɗi daga gwamnatin tarayya ta Amurka ta hanyar Dokar Kare Tsuntsayen Dausayi ta Arewacin Amurka,  daga kafofin gwamnatin Kanada, daga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da kuma daga mutane daban-daban.

Aikinta shine kiyaye muhallin tsuntsaye da namun daji musamman a yankin kudu na British Columbia Interior,   yanki mai fadin akalla   tare da wuraren zama tun daga "dazuzzukan coniferous masu danshi zuwa hamada".  Ducks Unlimited Canada ta bayyana yankin a matsayin "yanayi mai yanayi daban-daban wanda ya haifar da bambancin nau'ikan wuraren zama, ciki har da hamada, ciyayi, bishiyoyi masu tsayi, riparian, dausayi, busassun dazuzzukan coniferous masu danshi, da tundra mai tsayi ".  Yana tallafawa tsuntsayen ruwa miliyan 1.6 masu kiwo  na akalla nau'ikan 26  a cikin 20,000&nbsp;kilomita 2 na tafkuna da wuraren dausayi a yankin,  da kuma aƙalla nau'ikan tsuntsaye 373 gabaɗaya,  gami da dukkan al'ummar nau'ikan halittu goma sha ɗaya da ke fuskantar barazanar karewa a lardin: Sparrow na Brewer (subspecies *breweri* ), mujiya mai haƙa rami, shaho mai kama da ferruginous, grasshopper sparrow, lark sparrow, prairie falcon, sage thrasher, Swainson's shaho, white-headed woodpecker, Williamson's sapsucker, da yellow-breasted chat . 

## Manazarta
Geoffrey Dutton

**Geoffrey 'Geppie' Piers Henry Dutton** AO (2 ga Agusta 1922) 17 ga Satumba 1998) marubuci ne kuma masanin tarihi ɗan ƙasar Australiya.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Dutton a tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Anlaby kusa da Kapunda, Kudancin Ostiraliya a ranar 2 ga Agusta, 1922. Kakansa shine Henry Dutton, "Squire of Anlaby"; iyayensa 'yar kasada ce Henry Hampden Dutton da kuma hazakar zamantakewa Emily Dutton .

Dutton ya girma a gidaje huɗu mallakar iyayensa: Tashar Anlaby kusa da Kapunda; Gidan Kalymna (ko Kalimna) a gefen wuraren shakatawa na gabas, Adelaide ; Ooraminna, a gefen gabar teku a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Victor ; da kuma Rocky Point, wani gidan dutse mai duwatsu da ke kallon Eastern Cove, Tsibirin Kangaroo. An koya masa Faransanci tun yana ƙarami.

Yana da shekaru takwas, an tura shi zuwa Makarantar Shirye-shiryen Wykeham kusa da Belair, wani yanki na Adelaide. Bayan an koyar da shi a gida daga kusan 1934 zuwa 1939, ya tafi Makarantar Grammar Geelong, a Geelong, Victoria, yana kammala karatunsa a 1940.

Dutton ya ji daɗin haskakawa a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, yana gyara motar Morris da ake amfani da ita a Anlaby don tattara wasiku don amfani da su wajen bin diddigin zomaye da dila. 

Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Adelaide daga 1941 zuwa 1945, yana zaune a Kwalejin St Mark.[1] Ya yi rajista don Turanci, Tarihi, da Faransanci, kuma ya ci gaba da darussan piano a ƙarƙashin Hooper Brewster-Jones.[2] Kafin ya fara, an gabatar da Dutton ga Arthur Boyd, Gino Nibbi, da Max Nicholson. Yayin da yake Jami'ar Adelaide, ya yi rubutu ga jaridar ɗalibai ta On Dit da mujallar avant-garde mai suna Angry Penguins. Malamansa sun haɗa da GV Portus, JIM Stewart, da Brian Elliott.[3]

Daga baya ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Magdalen da ke Oxford.

## Sabis na lokacin yaƙi
Geoffrey ya shiga rundunar sojin sama ta Royal Australian Air Force da ke Keswick, Kudancin Ostiraliya, a ranar 29 ga Agusta, 1940. Ya yanke shawarar shiga a ranar haihuwarsa ta 18, inda ya raba labarai da mahaifiyarsa a lokacin cin abincin rana a Covent Garden Cafe , Adelaide.  An ɗauke shi aiki a watan Mayu, 1941, da farko a matsayin matukin jirgin sama na aji biyu.

An tura shi zuwa Makarantar Horar da Jiragen Sama ta Firamare ta 1 RAAF a Filin Jirgin Sama na Parafield, a watan Yulin 1941, kafin ya koma Makarantar Horar da Jiragen Sama ta Sabis ta 1 a Point Cook . Daga baya ya sami horo a Makarantar Koyon Jiragen Sama ta Tsakiya RAAF, Tamworth da Makarantar Koyon Jiragen Sama ta Wireless Air Gunnery ta 1 (WAGS) a Ballarat. 

## Sana'a
A lokacin aikinsa, Dutton ya rubuta ko ya gyara littattafai sama da 200, ciki har da waƙoƙi, almara, tarihin rayuwa, godiya ga fasaha, tarihin fasaha da adabi, littattafan tafiye-tafiye, littattafai ga yara da kuma kasidu masu suka.

A shekarar 1965, tare da Max Harris da Brian Stonier, sun kafa kamfanin buga littattafai na Australiya mai suna Sun Books.  Dutton shi ma ya kafa Adelaide Festival da Adelaide Writers Week.

A watan Yunin 1968, an naɗa Dutton a matsayin memba na farko na Majalisar Fasaha ta Australiya. 

## Manazarta
Ofishin sauraron jama'a kan muhalli

**Ofishin Jin Ra'ayoyin Jama'a kan Muhalli** ( Faransanci : *Bureau d'audiences publiques sur l'environnement*, wanda aka rage wa suna BAPE) hukuma ce ta Gwamnatin Quebec, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1978. Tana aiki ne a ƙarƙashin ikon Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Yaƙi da Sauyin Yanayi . Manufar hukumar ita ce sanar da jama'a da kuma tuntubar su, bincika shari'o'in da aka sanya, da kuma bai wa ministan nazari da shawarwari don jagorantar yanke shawara kan gwamnati. Waɗannan shawarwari sun haɗa ƙa'idodi 16 na ci gaba mai ɗorewa, suna magance fannoni daban-daban na muhalli, zamantakewa, da tattalin arziki. Ofishin Jin Ra'ayoyin Jama'a kan Muhalli yana ba 'yan ƙasa damar samun bayanai da kuma bayyana ra'ayoyinsu kan ayyukan da suka shafi kimanta tasirin muhalli da tsarin bita da aka bayyana a cikin Dokar Ingancin Muhalli. Hakanan yana magance manyan batutuwan muhalli waɗanda ka iya shafar al'ummomi ko ingancin rayuwa, kamar yadda aka umarta a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 6.1 da tanadin EQA na gaba. 

Hukumar ta fi yin bita kan ayyukan da suka shafi kayayyakin more rayuwa na sufuri, ci gaban makamashi (kamar layukan wutar lantarki, gonakin iska, madatsun ruwa, da bututun mai), masana'antar hakar ma'adinai, da kuma kula da sharar gida. Haka kuma tana gudanar da manyan ayyuka na "na gama gari" kan batutuwa kamar sharar gida mai haɗari, kula da dazuzzukan jama'a, kayayyakin da suka rage, kula da ruwa, samar da naman alade, iskar shale, hakar uranium, da kuma kula da asbestos.

## Matsayin
An kafa Ofishin Jin Taro Kan Jama'a Kan Muhalli a shekarar 1978, bayan jerin dokokin muhalli da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare su daga Dokar Manufofin Muhalli ta Ƙasa ta Amurka ta 1969. A Quebec, An zartar da  a shekarar 1972, tare da gabatar da tsarin kimanta tasirin muhalli da kuma bita a shekarar 1975. 

Baya ga daidaitattun abubuwan da ke cikin irin waɗannan tsare-tsare, Gariépy, Soubeyran & Domon (1986) sun nuna bambance-bambance guda uku daga ayyukan Amurka:

* Nada takamaiman nau'ikan ayyuka da suka shafi tsarin;
* Shigar Ma'aikatar Muhalli wajen gudanarwa da kuma bayar da umarni da ke fayyace iyakokin nazarin tasirin;
* Ƙirƙirar wata hukuma mai zaman kanta—Ofishin Jin Taro Kan Muhalli—don tattara ra'ayoyin jama'a da kuma isar da bincike da shawarwari ga gwamnati. 

A cewar waɗannan marubutan, wannan tsarin yana sanya buƙatu masu tsauri ga masu tallafawa aikin,  yana buƙatar su gabatar da ayyukan da suka dace da muhalli da kuma mayar da martani ga damuwar 'yan ƙasa. 

## Tarihi
An kafa BAPE a hukumance a watan Disamba na shekarar 1978, bayan wani rahoto na asali kan shirin Dufferin-Montmorency Autoroute da ke kan  a birnin Quebec .  

A cikin shekaru biyu na farko, hukumar ta yi aiki don samun amincewar manyan masu ruwa da tsaki a fannin jama'a, ciki har da Ma'aikatar Sufuri da Motsi Mai Dorewa, Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Kasa da Dazuzzuka, da Hydro-Québec . A shekarar 1980, gwamnati ta amince da ƙa'idodi da ke kula da kimanta tasirin da hanyoyin sauraron jama'a. Zuwa ranar 31 ga Maris, 1981, Ofishin Jin Taro kan Muhalli ya gudanar da bincike biyu na gabaɗaya da tambayoyi uku tare da zaman sauraron jama'a. 

## Manazarta
Ramón Villeda Bermúdez

Ramón Villeda Bermúdez (10 ga Mayu 1937, Santa Rosa na Copán - 20 ga Yulin 2012) ya kasance likitan dabbobi na Honduras kuma ɗan siyasa na Jam'iyyar Liberal. Ya rike manyan mukamai da yawa a cikin gwamnati, ciki har da Shugaban Banco Nacional de Desarrollo Agrícola (1998-2000) da Mataimakin Shugaban Congreso Nacional de Honduras (2004-2005) da Darakta a Banco Central de Honduras daga 2010 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 2012.[3]

## Manazarta
Manuela Roka Botey

Manuela Roka Botey 'yar siyasar Equatorial Guinea ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na EquatorialGuinea daga 1 ga Fabrairu 2023 zuwa 17 ga Agusta 2024. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta cika wannan rawar. An sanar da nadin ta a matsayin Firayim Minista ta Shugaba Teodoro Obiang Nguema a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2023. [1] Ta gaji Francisco Pascual Obama Asue a ofishin. Ta taba aiki a matsayin ministan ilimi a shekarar 2020. Ita ce mataimakiyar shugabar jami'ar Equatorial Guinea ta fannin ilimin ɗan adam da kimiyyar zamantakewa.[2]

## Manazarta
Umurni ga 'yan Kwaminisanci

**Rundunar Farauta Kwaminisanci** ( Fotigal : *Comando de Caça aos Comunistas*, CCC) ƙungiya ce mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ta 'yan ra'ayin gurguzu  da ke aiki a Brazil a lokacin shekarun farko na mulkin kama-karya na soja (1964–1985).

## Ayyuka
CCC, a tsakiyar shekarun 1960, ta fara ne a matsayin ƙungiya ta ɗalibai 'yan jami'a masu ra'ayin mazan jiya waɗanda ake zargin suna sa ido kan ɗaliban 'yan ra'ayin mazan jiya, ko duk wanda suke ganin ɗan gurguzu ne . Ta kuma ɗauki 'yan sanda da masana da ke goyon bayan gwamnatin soja. 

Lokacin da aka yi juyin mulkin soja, an mamaye tashar watsa labarai ta Rádio MEC, mallakar gwamnati a Rio de Janeiro, kuma membobin CCC sun lalata ta.  An kama CCC da laifin kone hedikwatar Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Ƙasa ta Rio (União Nacional dos Estudantes, UNE, a cikin harshen Portugal), wata ƙungiya da aka saba ganin ta karkata ga hagu ta hannun mutane da ƙungiyoyi masu karkata ga dama.

A matsayinta na ƙungiyar sojoji, CCC ta shahara ga jama'a lokacin da ta kai hari kan mutanen da ke da ra'ayin hagu a wajen jami'ar. Abin da ya fi tayar da hankalin jama'a shi ne mamayar da aka kai gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruth Escobar da ke São Paulo a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1968, inda suka kai hari ga 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na Chico Buarque *Roda Viva* . Daga cikinsu akwai 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Marília Pêra, wacce aka buge ta da sandunan roba kuma ta gudu tsirara zuwa kan titi, tare da sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo mata.  A cewar majiyar, CCC ce ke da alhakin harin bam a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Opinião da ke Rio de Janeiro a ranar 2 ga Disamba na wannan shekarar da kuma sace, azabtarwa da kisan Antônio Henrique Pereira Neto, firist na Katolika na Recife kuma mataimakin babban bishop Helder Câmara, a ranar 26 ga Mayu, 1969.

## Goyon bayan soja da kuma rugujewa
Gwamnatin soja, a ƙarshen shekarar 1968, ta wargaza habeas corpus kuma za ta iya kama 'yan ƙasa ba tare da son rai ba. Cibiyoyin danniya na Brazil kamar DOI-CODI sun riƙe ikon rayuwa da mutuwa a kan kowa. &#x5B;Ƙungiyoyin sojoji kamar CCC sun rasa ** na daina ayyukansu. 

## Duba kuma

* ABIN (Agência Brasileira de Inteligência) - Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Brazil ta yanzu
* DOI-CODI (Destacamento de Operações de Informações - Centro de Operações de Defesa Interna) - Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Brazil a lokacin Mulkin Soja
* Cibiyar Jami'ar Maria Antônia

## Manazarta
Najla Bouden

Najla Bouden, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Najla Bouden Romdhane[1] (Larabci Tunisiya: نجلاء بودن رمضان, romanized: Najlāʾ Būdan Ramḍān; haifaffen 29 Yuni 1958), ƙwararren masanin ilimin ƙasa ne ɗan Tunisiya kuma farfesa na jami'a wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na Tunisiya daga Oktoba 21 zuwa 1 ga Oktoba 20. 2021, wanda ya zama mace ta farko Firayim Minista a Tunisia da kuma Larabawa. Ta taba yin hidima a ma’aikatar ilimi a shekarar 2011.[3]

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Bouden a ranar 29 ga Yuni 1958 a Kairouan .

Ita injiniya ce wacce ta kammala karatu a 1983 daga ESTP Paris,  kuma tana da digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin ƙasa bayan ta kare jarabawarta a Mines ParisTech a 1987 a fannin Injiniyan girgizar ƙasa. 

## Ayyukan sana'a
Daga nan sai ta zama injiniya ta sana'a kuma farfesa a makarantar injiniya ta Tunis a Jami'ar Tunis El Manar da kuma Makarantar Polytechnic ta Tunisia a Jami'an Carthage, bayan ta ƙware a fannin kimiyyar ƙasa. Ayyukanta sun mayar da hankali kan Hadarin girgizar ƙasa, wanda ya kai ta ga horar da masu gudanarwa da yawa na Kamfanin Ayyukan Man Fetur na Tunisia. 

Ta kuma rike manyan mukamai a Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Binciken Kimiyya ta Tunisia. A shekara ta 2011, an nada ta Darakta Janar a cikin Ma'aikatar, sannan a shekarar 2015 ta rike mukami a cikin majalisar ministocin Minista Slim Choura . 

A watan Satumbar 2016, ita ce ke da alhakin shirin "PromEssE" na Bankin Duniya na dala miliyan 70 don sake fasalin da "saɗa" ilimin jami'a don taimakawa wajen rage yawan rashin aikin yi tsakanin masu karatun Tunisia, babban batun zamantakewa a kasar.

## Ayyukan siyasa
A ranar 29 ga Satumba 2021, a cikin rikicin siyasar Tunisia, Shugaba Kais Saied ya sanar da cewa ya nada Najla Bouden don kafa sabuwar gwamnatin kasar. Daga nan sai ta maye gurbin Hichem Mechichi wanda aka kore shi a ranar 25 ga Yulin 2021. [1]

Matar farko da ta hau wannan mukamin, nadin da aka yi mata a matsayin shugaban gwamnatin Tunisia ya sanya ta zama majagaba a kasar, a Maghreb, da kuma Duniyar Larabawa. Shugaba Saied ya bayyana labarin a matsayin "daraja ga Tunisia da matan Tunisia". [1] [2]

A ranar 11 ga Oktoba 2021, ta yi rantsuwa tare da mambobin gwamnatinta a Fadar Shugaban kasa ta Carthage . 

A ranar 1 ga watan Agusta, 2023, an sallami Bouden daga matsayinta kuma Ahmed Hachani ya maye gurbinsa.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Mahaifinta Mohamed Bouden farfesa ne a Kwalejin Sadiki sannan kuma shugaban makarantar Lycée Alaoui . 'Yan uwanta maza da mata hudu dukkansu masana kimiyya ne.

Bouden ta auri likitan ido Kamel Romdhane . Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu.

## Girmamawa

* Jami'in Order of Merit na Tunisia (2016) 

## Littattafai

* Gudummawa ga nazarin raguwar duwatsu masu fashewa ("Hadin kai ga nazarin raguwa na dutse tare da fashewa"), rubutun PhD, (1987). 
* *Injiniyanci na injiniya mai ban sha'awa. Ayyukan taron kasa da kasa kan aikin injiniya* na geotechnical [eds.], Sfax, Nouha editions, 2008

## Manazarta
Quad (cibiyar zane-zane)

**Quad** (wanda aka yiwa alama da **QUAD** kuma aka fi sani da **Derby QUAD** ), cibiyar fasaha ce a Derby, Ingila, wacce aka fara budewa a ranar 26 ga Satumba, 2008.  Quad tana ba da gidan adana kayan fasaha, gidajen sinima guda uku (manyan gidajen sinima guda biyu da ƙaramin ɗaki mai annashuwa wanda aka fi sani da "The Box" wanda ke nuna ƙananan fina-finai da ba a san su sosai ba), ɗakunan zane-zane na masu fasaha, da kuma mashaya.  Cibiyar kuma tana da wurare inda mutane za su iya ƙirƙirar nasu zane-zane. 

Ginin yana da ƙirar ƙarfe da gilashi ta hannun Feilden Clegg Bradley, mai zane-zanen Bath, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin abin jayayya lokacin da majalisar Derby ta zaɓe shi a shekarar 2004. 

## Cikakkun bayanai

Quad wani wurin sinima ne, gidan tarihi, wurin shakatawa, da kuma wurin bita wanda kowa zai iya amfani da shi. Quad yana haɗa mutane da kasuwanci da fasaha da fina-finai don nishaɗi, ilimi, da kuma shiga. Akwai ɗakunan studio na masu fasaha waɗanda jama'a za su iya ɗaukar haya. Gidan sinima yana nuna nau'ikan fina-finai iri-iri, tun daga tsoffin fina-finai marasa sauti zuwa sabbin shirye-shirye.

Shirin baje kolin ya gudanar da manyan baje kolin da Bruce Asbestos,  Danielle Brathwaite-Shirley, Benedict Drew, Doug Fishbone, Ellie Harrison, Hetain Patel, da Joey Holder suka shirya. 

Quad tana ba da darussa na kirkire-kirkire ga manya da yara.

## Manazarta