Hukumar Kula da Wutar Lantarki ta Najeriya

**Hukumar Kula da Wutar Lantarki ta Najeriya** **(NERC)** ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke da ikon sarrafa wutar lantarki a Najeriya. An kafa NERC ne a shekarar 2005 a ƙarƙashin tsarin sake fasalin tattalin arziƙin gwamnatin Obasanjo ta hanyar dokar sake fasalin ɓangaren wutar lantarki, 2005 don kafawa da sake duba farashin wutar lantarki, tsare-tsare na gaskiya game da tallafi, inganta manufofin da suka dace da kare muhalli, gami da kafa da aiwatar da ka'idoji wajen ƙirƙiro da amfani da wutar lantarki a Najeriya. An kafa NERC ne da farko don daidaita jadawalin kuɗin fito na kamfanonin Samar da Wutar Lantarki mallakar gwamnati ko sarrafawa, da duk wani kamfani da ke da lasisin samar da wutar lantarki da watsa makamashi, da rarraba wutar lantarki.

## Tarihi
An fara samar da wutar lantarki a Najeriya a shekarar 1896. A shekarar 1929 aka kafa kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki ta Najeriya NESCO. A shekarar 1951 ne aka kafa Hukumar Lantarki ta Najeriya (ECN) domin karbe kadarorin NESCO. A cikin shekarar 1962, an kafa NDA (Nigeria Dams Authority) don bunkasa hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki a Najeriya. A 1972, ECN da NDA aka haɗe su zuwa NEPA (National Electric Power Authority), wanda daga baya ya koma Power Holding Company of Nigeria, a matsayin mai rike da wani kamfani da ke daf da warwarewa da kuma mayar da privatization. A baya ma’aikatar wutar lantarki ta tarayya ce ke kula da harkar wutar lantarki a Najeriya. Ya yi aiki duka a matsayin tsarin tsara manufofin da mai gudanarwa; yin na ƙarshe mafi yawa ta hanyar Electrical Inspectorate Services, wani sashe a cikin ma'aikatar. Bangaren wutar lantarki a Najeriya ya fara ne da hukumar kula da madatsun ruwa ta Neja mai kula da madatsun ruwan da ke kewayen Shiroro da kogin Niger. Sakamakon matsalar wutar lantarki da ake fama da shi a fadin Najeriya, gwamnatin shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo ta yi kokari ta hanyar National Council for Privatisation/Bureau for Public Serbice (karkashin jagorancin Nasir Ahmad el-Rufa'i don gyara fannin da ba a samu wani saka hannun jari ko kulawar gwamnati ba tun a shekarun 1980  a matsayin shugabanta na farko Dr. Ransome Owan, masanin kimiyyar kimiya na Amurka wanda ya taba yin aiki a GE, an nada shi na tsawon shekaru biyar a matsayin shugaban hukumar NERC umartar daidaita tsarin yankunan karkara da kuma tantance adadin gudunmawar da za a aika zuwa Asusun Lantarki na Karkara.

## Iko da ayyukan NERC
Hukunci da ayyukan hukumar sun tanada ne a cikin dokar EPSR ta 2005, kuma ta yi nasarar mayar da ayyukan wutar lantarki a Nijeriya yadda ya kamata, tare da warware rugujewar Hukumar Lantarki ta Ƙasa (NEPA)/Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN). Babban aikin NERC shine kare muradun masu amfani da shi, bayar da lasisi ga masu aiki/masu zuba jari, tsarawa da kuma duba farashin wutar lantarki da kuma inda zai yiwu inganta gasar. Babban manufar hukumar ita ce ta kare muradun masu amfani da ita da kuma nan gaba dangane da wutar lantarki da ake samarwa da kuma wanda ake isar da shi ta hanyar rarraba ko watsawa. Bukatun mabukaci su ne bukatunsu gaba ɗaya, ciki har da bukatunsu na farashi mai araha da aminci, abin dogaro da wadataccen wutar lantarki, da rage musu iskar gas

## Tsarin NERC
Hukumar Kula da Wutar Lantarki ta Najeriya na gudanar da ita ne a ƙarƙashin hukumar kwamishinonin da ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin shugaba. Shugaban hukumar na yanzu shine James Adeche Momoh, Farfesa a fannin Injiniyan Lantarki na Jami’ar Howard ta Amurka, an ƙaddamar da shi Shugaban / Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Wutar Lantarki ta Najeriya (NERC) a ranar 3 ga Mayu, 2018. Wannan ya biyo bayan amincewa da Majalisar Dattawa ta yi da Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ya nada shi.  Shugaban Najeriya ya nada kwamishina guda daya wanda zai wakilci shiyyar sa ta siyasa a kasar na tsayayyen wa'adin shekaru 4, wanda za'a sabunta sau ɗaya kawai. Shugaban / Shugaba, yana da tsawon shekaru 5, kuma ana iya sabuntawa sau ɗaya kawai. Majalisar dattawan Najeriya ta tantance waɗanda aka naɗa .

Hukumar NERC ta ba da umarni kan harkokin wutar lantarki a Najeriya. Yana yanke hukunci na tsari kuma yana ba da lasisi na ƙarshe ga masu saka hannun jari/masu aiki. Hakanan yana warware rikice-rikicen masana'antu ta hanyar ADR a cikin budaddiyar ji.

NERC ta kasu kashi bakwai: Ofishin Shugaban / Shugaba, Injiniya, Ma'auni da Safety Division, Sashen Sabis na Kuɗi da Gudanarwa, Sashen Hulɗar Gwamnati da Mabukaci, Rukunin Lasisin Shari'a da Ƙaddamarwa, Gasar Kasuwa da Rarraba Rate, da Sashen Ƙwararren Makamashi/Bincike da Ci Gaba.

## Gyaran harkar wutar lantarki a Najeriya
Dokar sake fasalin ɓangaren wutar lantarki ta shekarar 2005 ta kafa hukumar NERC ta aiwatar da ka’idojin dogaro na tilas kan tsarin watsa wutar lantarki da kuma sanya hukunci kan kamfanonin da ke sarrafa kasuwannin wutar lantarki. Tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga Birtaniya, Najeriya ta gina tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki guda 12.  Najeriya tana samar da wutar lantarki mai yawa kamar North Dakota don ƙarin mutane 249, tare da kashewa sau 320 a kowace shekara a kowane bayani daga Bankin Duniya .  Dokar EPSR ta 2005 ta ba NERC ƙarin nauyi kamar yadda aka zayyana a cikin Babban Manufofin NERC. A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan alhakin, NERC:

* Yana tsara yadda ake samar da wutar lantarki, watsawa, rarrabawa da sayar da wutar lantarki a Najeriya da Najeriya;
* Lasisi da duba ayyukan wutar lantarki masu zaman kansu da na kamfanoni 10MW da sama; inda aka ba da 1-10MW Lasisi na Kame;
* Yana tabbatar da amincin tsire-tsire masu tasowa, tsarin watsa wutar lantarki mai girma da tsarin rarraba shiyya;
* Yana tabbatar da lafiyar sana'a da amincin mutanen da ke da hannu da wutar lantarki a duk fage.
* Kulawa da bincike kan kasuwannin makamashi;
* Yana amfani da hukunce-hukuncen jama'a da sauran hanyoyi akan ƙungiyoyin makamashi da daidaikun mutane waɗanda suka keta dokokin NERC a kasuwannin makamashi;
* Gudanar da ka'idodin lissafin kuɗi da lissafin kuɗi da kuma gudanar da ayyukan kamfanoni.

A cikin kwanan nan  shekaru, NERC na inganta samar da son rai na Independent Electric Transmission Networks (IETNs) da Independent Electric Distribution Networks (IEDNs) don kawar da yuwuwar rashin nuna bambanci a cikin damar yin amfani da wutar lantarki . Duk da haka, tun da ƙarfin samar da ƙananan ƙananan kuma watsawar ba ta da ƙarfi, NERC ta samar da ƙa'idoji don turawa don samar da kayan aiki na farko, amincin wutar lantarki da kuma aiwatar da sababbin ƙa'idoji idan an bunƙasa fannin gaba daya. 

NERC tana kula da masu lasisi sama da 40 a Najeriya. Har ila yau, ita ce ke da alhakin ba da izinin gina layin sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa ta Kamfanin Sadarwa na Najeriya, mai ikon watsawa a Najeriya wanda aka kafa a matsayin kamfanin da zai maye gurbin PHCN . NERC tana aiki kafada da kafada da Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Najeriya da sauran hukumomin da ke da alaƙa wajen yin bitar aminci, tsaro da tasirin muhallin da aka tsara na samar da wutar lantarki da hanyoyin sadarwa. 

A watan Nuwamban shekarar 2013, Najeriya ta yi gwanjon kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki guda 6, daya mallakin Tony Elumelu, shugaban kamfanin Heirs Holdings. Najeriya za ta bukaci 170,000MW a kowace rana ga al'ummarta miliyan 174.  Layukan watsawa sun tsufa, ba su da tasiri, kuma ana sace wutar lantarki daga sandunan lantarki, saboda rashin isassun ma'aunin da aka riga aka biya.

## Kwamitin kwamishinonin
An rantsar da sabbin kwamishinonin ne a ranar 7 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 2017, inda suka cike gibin da aka samu tun daga watan Disambar shekara ta 2015 lokacin da wa’adin kwamitin ƙarshe ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mista Sam Amadi ya kare. Sam Amadi ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar daga ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2010  zuwa Disamba 2015. A cikin watanni 14, Anthony Akah ya zama Shugaban Hukumar. Sam Amadi shi ne mawallafin "Privatization and Public good: The rule of law challenge" kuma yayi ƙoƙarin mayar da NERC bayan shafe shekaru biyu ana cece-kuce, da ungozoma sakamakon dakatarwar da aka yi, sannan daga bisani aka cire kwamitin kwamishinoni na farko karkashin jagorancin Dr. Owan.  Amadi da tawagarsa sun gayyaci 'Distinguished Personalities' don gabatar da laccoci na Breakfast Series a hedkwatar hukumar, ciki har da Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai  da tsohon Corps Marshall na Federal Road Safety Corps, Mista Osita Chidoka. 

Sauran Kwamishinonin da suka yi aiki tare da Sam Amadi sune:

* Mohammed Lawal Bello, mataimakin shugaba - mai kula da Renewable Energy/Research and Development Division 
* Abba Ibrahim - Sashen Hulda da Jama'a na Gwamnati da Kasuwa 
* Patrick Umeh - Sashen Sabis na Kuɗi da Gudanarwa 
* Mary E. Awolokun- Injiniya, Ma'auni da Sashen Tsaro 
* Steven Andzenge- Sashin Ba da Lasisi na Shari'a da Tilasta 
* Gasar Kasuwar Eyo Ekpo- da Rarraba Rarraba 

Sabbin kwamishinonin da aka rantsar a ranar 7 ga Fabrairun shekarar 2017 sune: 

* James Momoh - Shugaba
* Sanusi Garba - mataimakin shugaba
* Nathan Shatti - Ayyukan Kuɗi da Gudanarwa
* Musa Arigu - Harkokin Kasuwanci
* Dafe Akpeneye - Ba da Lasisi na Shari'a da Biyayya
* Frank Okafor - Ayyukan Injiniya da Kulawa
* Musiliu Oseni - Bincike da Dabarun Tsare-tsare

Farfesa MIT, Akintunde Akinwande wanda aka zaba don ya dauki nauyin shugaban / Shugaba duk da haka bai bayyana ba don tantancewar kuma daga baya aka ƙi.   An tura wani sabon mai suna Farfesa James Momoh zuwa majalisar dattawan Najeriya don amincewa da shugaban kasa Muhammadu Buhari a ranar 20 ga Afrilun shekarar 2017. 

Sake naɗin kwamishinoni biyu, ya zuwa ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2022, majalisar dattijai ta tabbatar da sake naɗa kwamishinoni biyu da sabbin kwamishinoni guda biyu, kwamishinoni biyu da aka sake naɗa sune:

* Nathan Shatti - Ayyukan Kuɗi da Gudanarwa
* Dafe Akpeneye - Ba da Lasisi na Shari'a da Biyayya 

Sabbin kwamishinonin biyu da aka nada za su maye gurbin Moses Arigu - Consumer Affairs da Frank Okafor - Ayyukan Injiniya da Kulawa.

Su ne :

* Dr. Yusuf Ali (Arewa Ta Tsakiya)- Harkokin Kasuwanci
* Chidi Ike (Kudu maso Gabas) - Ayyukan Injiniya da Kulawa 

## Duba kuma
 

* Dokar makamashi
* High-voltage kai tsaye halin yanzu
* Masana'antar wutar lantarki

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Official site[usurped]
* Energy Commission of Nigeria
* Presidential Task Force on Power 
* Power Holding Company of Nigeria/Transmission Company of Nigeria