Shilling na Somaliya

**Shilling na Somaliya** ( alama : Sh.So.; Somali   ; ; Italian; TS EN ISO 4217 : SOS) kudin hukuma ne na Somaliya . An raba shi zuwa *senti* 100 (Somalia, kuma  ), *cents* (Ingilishi) ko  (Italiya).

## Dubawa

### Tarihin farko
Shilling ya kasance kudin wasu sassa na Somaliya tun shekara ta 1921, lokacin da aka fara amfani da shilling na Gabashin Afrika zuwa tsohuwar yankin Somaliland na Burtaniya . Bayan samun yancin kai na shekara ta 1960 da hadewar tsoffin yankuna na British Somaliland da Italian Somaliland, kudaden su daban-daban, Shilling na Gabashin Afrika da somalo (wanda suke daidai da darajar) an maye gurbinsu a daidai lokacin 1962 da Shilling na Somaliya. Sunayen da aka yi amfani da su ga mazhabobin sa sun kasance cent (maɗaukaki: centesimo; jam'i: centesimi) da سنت (jam'i: سنتيمات), tare da shilling ( mufurai: scellino; jam'i: scellini) da شلن.

### Bayanan banki
A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 1962, Banca Nazionale Somala (Bankin Ƙasa na Somaliya) ya ba da bayanan kula da 5, 10, 20 da 100 scellini/shillings. A cikin 1975, *Bankiga National Somali* (Bankin Ƙasa na Somaliya) ya ƙaddamar da bayanin kula na shilin/shilin 5, 10, 20 da 100. An bi waɗannan a cikin 1978 ta bayanan bayanan ɗarikoki guda ɗaya da *Bankiga Dhexe Ee Soomaaliya* ( Babban Bankin Somaliya ) suka fitar. A shekarar 1983 ne aka fara amfani da kudin shilin/shilin 50, sai kuma shilin/shilling 500 a shekarar 1989 sai kuma shilin/shilling 1000 a shekarar 1990. An yi ƙoƙari a cikin 1990 don sake fasalin kuɗin a 100 zuwa 1, tare da sababbin takardun banki na 20 da 50 na sabon shilin da aka shirya don sake fasalin.

### Tsabar kuɗi
Da farko, tsabar kuɗin da ake zagawa su ne na Shilling na Gabashin Afirka da kuma na somalo. A cikin 1967, an ba da tsabar kuɗi da sunan Jamhuriyar Somaliya a cikin ƙungiyoyin 5, 10 da 50 cents/centesimi da 1 shilling/scellino. A cikin 1976, lokacin da aka gabatar da sunayen Somaliyawa na ƙungiyoyin, an fitar da tsabar kudi da sunan Jamhuriyar Demokradiyar Somaliya akan 5, 10 da 50 senti da shilling 1.

## Tarihin zamani

### Kafin yakin basasa
An daidaita shilling zuwa Sterling a farashin shillings 20 zuwa £1 stg. A shekarar 1967, ta canza sheka zuwa dalar Amurka a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 1967, lokacin da Sterling ya rage darajarsa, inda ya ba da canjin dala 1 = 7.14286 shillings. A ranar 28 ga Agusta 1971, tare da rushewar tsarin Bretton Woods, an kiyasta shilling a 0.124414 grams na zinariya. A ranar 23 ga Disamba 1971, an mayar da ita zuwa dalar Amurka, a wannan karon akan dala 1 = 6.57895 shillings. An rage darajar Shilling da kashi 5% zuwa 1 dala = 6.92522 shillings a ranar 8 ga Janairun 1972. A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1973, peg zuwa dala ya zama 6.23272 shillings. 

An kafa tsarin farashi biyu a ranar 30 ga Yuni 1981, tare da farashin shillings 6.295 zuwa dalar Amurka a hukumance da kuma canjin canjin na biyu daga 12.4654 zuwa 12.7146 shillings zuwa dala.

An sami raguwar darajar kudin Somaliya da yawa:

* 1 Yuli 1982: Peg tare da SDR = 16.50 shillings (± 7.5 band akan 1 Yuli 1983)
* 15 Satumba 1984: Peg tare da USD = 26 shillings (kudin hukuma)
* 1 Janairu 1985: Peg tare da USD = 36 shillings (kudin hukuma)
* 30 Yuni 1985: Peg tare da USD = 40.6083 shillings (kudin hukuma)
* 2 Nuwamba 1985: Peg tare da USD = 42.50 shillings (kudin hukuma)
* An rage darajar Shilling na Somaliya daga 54.50 SOS/US zuwa 90.50 SOS/USD a shekarar 1986. Akwai farashin musaya da yawa.
* 12 Oktoba 1987: Peg tare da USD = 100 shillings (kudin hukuma)
* A ranar 29 ga watan Disambar 1989, an canja dalar Amurka shillings 924, inda ta haura zuwa shillings 3,470 a karshen shekarar 1990.

### Rashin tsari
Bayan rugujewar gwamnatin tsakiya da ta biyo bayan yakin basasar da aka fara a farkon shekarun 1990, darajar Shilling ta Somaliya ta fadi. Babban bankin Somaliya, hukumar kula da hada-hadar kudi ta kasar, shi ma ya rufe ayyuka. Masu kera kishiyoyin kuɗin gida, gami da ƙungiyoyin yanki masu cin gashin kansu kamar yankin Puntland,  daga baya sun fito. Wadannan kudaden sun hada da Na shilling, wanda ya kasa samun karbuwa sosai, da Balweyn I da II, na jabun takardun banki kafin 1991. Gasar neman ƙetare ta kori darajar zuwa kusan $0.04 akan kowane bayanin ShSo (1000), kusan farashin kayayyaki. Har ila yau, masu amfani da kayayyaki sun ƙi karɓar lissafin kuɗi fiye da ƙungiyoyin 1991, wanda ya taimaka wajen dakatar da rage darajar daga ci gaba zuwa sama. Bayanan kula kafin 1991 da jabun jabun da suka biyo baya an bi su azaman kuɗi ɗaya. Ya ɗauki manyan daure don yin siyayyar kuɗi, kuma ana yawan amfani da dalar Amurka don manyan ma'amaloli.

### Ka'ida
A karshen shekarun 2000, sabuwar gwamnatin rikon kwarya ta Somaliya ta farfado da rugujewar Babban Bankin Somaliya . Hukumomin kuɗi sun ɗauki aikin duka tsarawa da aiwatar da manufofin kuɗi. Sakamakon rashin kwarin gwiwa kan Shilling na Somaliya, Amurka&nbsp;Dalar dai ta samu karbuwa sosai a matsayin hanyar musanya tare da Shilling na Somaliya. Dalar Amurka duk da haka, yawan fitar da shilling na Somaliya ya ƙara rura wutar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, musamman ma kasuwanci mai rahusa. Sabon Babban Bankin Somaliya na sa ran wannan yanayi na hauhawar farashin kayayyaki zai zo karshe da zaran babban bankin ya karbi cikakken ikon kula da manufofin hada-hadar kudi tare da maye gurbin kudaden da ake yawo a halin yanzu da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu suka bullo da su.

Tare da ingantaccen tsaro a cikin gida, 'yan gudun hijirar Somaliya sun fara komawa kasar don samun damar saka hannun jari. Haɗe tare da ƙananan saka hannun jari na ketare, shigar kuɗaɗen ya taimaka wa Shilling na Somaliya ya ƙaru sosai a darajarsa. A watan Maris na 2014, kuɗin ya ƙaru da kusan kashi 60 bisa dalar Amurka sama da watanni 12 da suka gabata. Shilling na Somaliya ya kasance mafi ƙarfi a cikin 175 na kasuwannin duniya da Bloomberg ta yi ciniki, ya haura kusan kashi 50 cikin ɗari fiye da na gaba mafi ƙarfin kuɗin duniya a cikin lokaci guda.

Dalar Amurka har yanzu ita ce babbar kudin da ake amfani da ita a Somaliya, inda ta fi yin fice wajen biyan kudi ta hanyar amfani da SMS kamar EVC Plus.

## Farashin musayar tarihi
Farashin kasuwannin kyauta a Somaliya:

* 2,000 SOS/USD a watan Yuni 1991
* 5,000 SOS/USD a watan Yuni 1993
* 13,400 SOS/US a cikin Maris 2006
* 14,406 SOS/USD a watan Agusta 2006 
* 15,000 SOS/US a cikin Fabrairu 2007
* 25,000 SOS/USD a cikin Maris 2008 
* 35,000 SOS/USD a watan Yuli 2008 
* 28,250 SOS/US a cikin Maris 2009 
* 33,300 SOS/USD a cikin Fabrairu 2010 
* 27,000 SOS/USD a cikin Oktoba 2011
* 19,000 SOS/USD a watan Disamba 2012 
* 15,000 SOS/US a watan Mayu 2013 
* 20,000 SOS/USD a cikin Maris 2014 
* 22,000 SOS/USD a watan Disamba 2014 
* 23,000 SOS/USD a cikin Afrilu 2015

## Bayanan kula

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Somalia a bankin Musulunci
* Somaliya