Kamawa da adanawa na carbon

**Kamewa da ajiya na Carbon** ( **CCS** ) wani tsari ne da ake raba carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) daga na'urorin masana'antu kafin a sake shi zuwa cikin sararin samaniya, sannan a kai shi zuwa wurin ajiya na dogon lokaci.  : 2221 An kama CO 2 daga babban tushe, kamar masana'antar sarrafa iskar gas kuma yawanci ana adana shi a cikin tsarin yanayin ƙasa mai zurfi. Ana amfani da kusan kashi 80% na CO 2 da ake kamawa kowace shekara don haɓaka mai don dawo da mai (EOR), tsarin da CO 2 ke allura a cikin tafkunan mai da ba a ƙare ba don fitar da ƙarin mai sannan a bar shi a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.  Tun da EOR utilizes CO 2 ban da storing shi, CCS kuma an san shi da **ɗaukar carbon, amfani, da ajiya** ( **CCUS** ). 

Kamfanonin mai da iskar gas sun fara amfani da hanyoyin da ke cikin CCS a tsakiyar karni na 20. An yi amfani da fasahar CCS ta farko don tsarkake iskar gas da haɓaka samar da mai. Farawa a cikin 1980s da hanzarta a cikin 2000s, an tattauna CCS a matsayin dabara don rage hayakin gas. Kimanin kashi 70% na ayyukan CCS da aka sanar ba su cika ba,  tare da gazawar sama da kashi 98% a bangaren wutar lantarki.  Ya zuwa shekara ta 2024 CCS tana aiki a tsire-tsire 44 a duk duniya,  gaba ɗaya suna kama kusan kashi ɗaya cikin dubu na hayakin carbon dioxide na duniya.  90% na ayyukan CCS sun haɗa da masana'antar mai da iskar gas. : 15 Shuke-shuke tare da CCS suna buƙatar ƙarin makamashi don aiki, don haka yawanci suna ƙone ƙarin man fetur kuma suna ƙara gurɓataccen da aka haifar ta hanyar cirewa da jigilar man fetur.

CCS na iya samun muhimmiyar maƙasudi amma iyakataccen rawa wajen rage fitar da iskar gas .  Duk da haka, sauran zaɓuɓɓukan rage fitar da hayaki irin su hasken rana da makamashin iska, wutar lantarki, da jigilar jama'a ba su da tsada fiye da CCS kuma sun fi tasiri wajen rage gurɓataccen iska. Ganin farashinsa da iyakokinta, ana hasashen CCS zai zama mafi amfani a cikin takamaiman abubuwan al'ajabi. Waɗannan niches sun haɗa da masana'antu masu nauyi da sake fasalin shuka.  A cikin mahallin zurfi da ci gaba da raguwa a cikin amfani da iskar gas,  CCS na iya rage hayaki daga sarrafa iskar gas .  A cikin samar da wutar lantarki da samar da hydrogen, ana hasashen CCS don haɓaka babban canji zuwa makamashi mai sabuntawa.  CCS wani bangare ne na makamashin halittu tare da kama carbon da adanawa, wanda a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi zai iya cire carbon daga sararin samaniya.

Tasirin CCS wajen rage hayakin carbon ya dogara da ingancin kama shuka, ƙarin makamashi da aka yi amfani da shi don CCS kanta, leakage, da batutuwan kasuwanci da fasaha waɗanda zasu iya hana wurare aiki kamar yadda aka tsara. Wasu manyan aiwatarwa na CCS sun rufe ƙasa da CO2 fiye da yadda ake tsammani.  Har yanzu akwai jayayya game da ko amfani da CO2 da aka kama don cire karin man fetur zai amfana da yanayi. Yawancin kungiyoyin muhalli suna ɗaukar CCS a matsayin fasahar da ba a tabbatar da ita ba, mai tsada wanda ke ci gaba da dogaro da man fetur. Sun yi imanin cewa wasu hanyoyin da za a rage hayaki sun fi tasiri kuma CCS abin jan hankali ne.

Wasu yarjejeniyoyin yanayi na kasa da kasa suna nufin manufar **Rage man fetur**, wanda ba a bayyana shi a cikin waɗannan yarjejeniyoyi ba amma an fahimci shi gabaɗaya yana nufin amfani da CCS. Kusan dukkanin ayyukan CCS da ke aiki a yau sun amfana daga tallafin kudi na gwamnati. Kasashen da ke da shirye-shirye don tallafawa ko ba da umarni ga fasahar CCS sun haɗa da Amurka, Kanada, Denmark, China, da Burtaniya.

## Manazarta