Dokar CROWN ta 2022

**Ƙirƙirar mutuntawa da buɗe Duniya don Dokar Gashi na 2022** (wanda kuma aka sani da **Dokar CROWN na 2022** ) wani kudiri ne a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka da aka yi niyya don hana nuna bambanci dangane da yanayin gashin mutum ko salon gashi ta hanyar rarraba irin wannan wariyar ba bisa ka'ida ba a ƙarƙashin dokar tarayya.  Ya shafi shirye-shiryen taimakon tarayya, shirye-shiryen gidaje, wuraren kwana, da aikin yi.  An gabatar da dokar a Majalisar Wakilai ta Majalisa Bonnie Watson Coleman (D-NJ) a ranar 19 ga Maris, 2021.  Sanata Cory Booker (D-NJ) ya gabatar da dokar abokin tarayya a majalisar dattijai a ranar 22 ga Maris, 2021.  Dokar CROWN ta 2022 ta gabatar da doka a karo na biyu.  

A ranar 18 ga Maris, 2022, Majalisar Wakilai ta zartar da lissafin tare da kuri'u 235-189.  A cikin Majalisar Dattijai, an tura lissafin ga Kwamitin Shari'a,  amma ba a taɓa jefa kuri'a a hukumance ba saboda ya kasa samun isasshen goyon baya don karkatar da filibuster daga Sanata Rand Paul (R-KY).  

Babu wani sabon fasalin lissafin da aka gabatar tun lokacin da aka gabatar a ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko Majalisar Dattijai. Koyaya, Wakilin Troy Carter (D-LA) ya ba da shawarar cewa za a iya sake gabatar da dokar da aka gabatar a cikin 2024. 

## Asalin
A cikin 2019, Dove ya gudanar da Nazarin Bincike na CROWN don "bayyana girman nuna bambancin launin fata da mata ke fuskanta a wurin aiki bisa ga salon gashin kansu na halitta".  Binciken ya dogara ne akan "bincike na mata 1,017 baƙi da mata 1,050 wadanda ba ba baƙi ba ne masu shekaru 25-64. "  Bincike ya gano cewa "Mata baƙi suna da 30% da yiwuwar a sanar da manufofin bayyanar wurin aiki na yau da kullun" "Wasanni 83% mafi kuskuren su ba da za a yi rahoto a kan kamannin su da kyau a kan kamanninsu na CRO & Dokar Yammacin su, "Sashe gashi"

Dangane da bayanan da aka tattara, CROWN Coalition ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Sanata na Jihar California Holly J. Mitchell don gabatar da lissafin hana nuna bambanci bisa ga salon gashi da gashi. Dokar CROWN ta wuce tare a cikin majalisun biyu na Majalisar Dokokin California kuma an sanya hannu a cikin doka a ranar 3 ga Yuli, 2019.  Dokar ta ba da kariya a ƙarƙashin Dokar Ayyuka da Gidaje ta Jiha (FEHA) da Dokar Ilimi ta California, ta bayyana cewa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a nuna bambanci ga mutanen da ke sanye da kayan gashi na halitta ko kariya, gami da, amma ba a iyakance su ba, sutura, locs, da karkatarwa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin doka ta farko da aka zartar a matakin jiha a Amurka don hana irin wannan nuna bambanci,  kuma ya fi yin wahayi zuwa ga lissafin tarayya da aka gabatar. 

A matakin tarayya, an gabatar da Dokar "Creating a Respectful and Open World for Natural Hair" ("CROWN Act") ga Majalisa ta Amurka sau biyu: na farko a Majalisa na 116 (2019-2020),  kuma na biyu a Majalista ta 117 (2021-2022). 

## Matakin zartar da dokar jiha da kananan hukumomi

Dokar CROWN, ko kuma irin wannan dokar da ta hana nuna bambanci dangane da nau'in gashin mutum ko salon gashi, an zartar a cikin jihohi 25,  ciki har da: Alaska,  Arizona,  Arkansas,     Connecticut,  Delaware, ,  Louisiana,  Maryland,  Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Minnesota, [  Nebraska,  Nevada, [  New Jersey,  New Mexico,  New York,    Tennessee,  Texas,  Virginia,  

Matsakaicin kariyar da dokokin jihar suka samar ya dogara da hurumi.  Misali, wasu jihohin sun kara da anar kabilanci a cikin dokokinta na jihar, kuma an jera takamaiman salon gyara gashi, kamar su gwanjo, tsumma, tsumma, murɗa, da kullin Bantu, kamar yadda aka kiyaye su.  Wasu jihohi kuma sun yi niyya don dokar ta yi amfani da shi sosai, ta ba da kariya a cikin shirye-shiryen gidaje da jihohi ke taimakon, wuraren kwana, da aikin yi, yayin da wasu jihohin suka kafa wasu dokoki masu takurawa waɗanda suka shafi aiki ko tsarin ilimi kawai. 

Daga cikin jihohi 25 da ba su sanya dokar ta CROWN ba, da yawa sun gabatar da irin wannan kudirin.  An kuma zartar da irin wannan farillai a matakin gundumomi a garuruwa da kananan hukumomi daban-daban a kokarin samun goyon bayan bangarori biyu ga dokokin jihar da aka tsara.  

## Manazarta