Miriam Daly

**Miriam Daly** ( née Miriam Daly) McDonnell ; 6 ga Mayu 1928 - 26 ga Yuni 1980) ɗan jam'iyyar Republican ne kuma ɗan gwagwarmayar kwaminisanci na Ireland, haka kuma malamin jami'a ne wanda ƙungiyar tsaro ta Ulster Defense Association (UDA) ta kashe a shekarar 1980.

## Bayani da rayuwar mutum
An haife ta Miriam Annette McDonnell a sansanin sojojin Irish na Curragh, County Kildare, Ireland, ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya mata biyu na Kwamandan Daniel McDonnell da Anne McDonnell (née Cummins). Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin Michael Collins a Yaƙin 'Yanci da kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rundunar Sojan Ƙasa mai goyon bayan yarjejeniyar a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Ireland . Bayan haka, ya sami ra'ayoyi masu goyon bayan Labour.  

Ta girma a Titin Hatch, Dublin, inda ta halarci Kwalejin Loreto a St Stephen's Green sannan ta halarci Kwalejin Jami'a, Dublin .  A lokacin da take UCD, Daly ta kasance memba na Young Fine Gael . Ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin Fasaha a shekarar 1948 tare da lambar yabo ta farko a fannin tarihi da tattalin arziki, da babbar Difloma a fannin Ilimi a shekarar 1949, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Fasaha, tare da takardar digiri kan ma'aikatan Irish a Ingila a rabin farko na karni na sha tara.  Tsakanin 1950 da 1953 ta koyar da tarihin tattalin arziki a matsayin mataimakiyar malamar jami'a a Kwalejin Jami'a Dublin tare da Robert Dudley Edwards, wanda ya ci zarafinta ta hanyar jima'i har sai da wata rana mahaifinta ya zo da bindiga ya fuskanci Edwards. 

A shekarar 1953 ta auri likitan tabin hankali Joseph Lee, kuma su biyun suka koma Ingila, inda ta kasance malamar tarihi ta musamman. Ta zama memba mai himma a Ƙungiyar Malaman Jami'a kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da Yaƙin Vietnam . Lee ta mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya a shekarar 1963.   Bayan shekara guda ta fara koyar da tarihin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Southampton .  

A shekarar 1965 ta auri masanin falsafa kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a James Daly, wanda ya fito daga Ulster . Sun ƙaura zuwa Ireland a shekarar 1968 kuma aka naɗa su malamai a sashen falsafar ilimi da tarihin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa a Jami'ar Queen's, Belfast .    A shekarar 1970 sun ɗauki tagwaye. 

## Mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a
Baya ga kwas ɗinta na farko, Daly ta koyar da wani kwas na musamman kan tarihin aiki wanda ɗalibanta suka haɗa da ƴan ƙungiyar kwadago ta Furotesta da yawa. Ta kuma yi wa fursunonin Republican da masu biyayya a Long Kesh lacca kuma ta yi aiki tare da duka biyun kan aikin jin daɗin fursunoni.  Ta ba da gudummawa akai-akai ga laccocin Thomas Davis na RTÉ Radio a 1972–3. Ta kasance memba ta farko a Ƙungiyar Tarihin Ma'aikata ta Irish, ta yi aiki a kwamitinta na tsawon shekaru da dama kuma ta yi gyara tare da mujallarta *Saothar* . Ta kasance tare da kafa Ƙungiyar Tarihin Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa ta Ireland, memba ce ta kwamitin Ulster Society for Irish Historical Studies, memba ce ta kwamitin edita na Irish Historical Studies, kuma ta shirya taro na farko kan tarihin ma'aikata na Irish wanda aka gudanar a wata jami'a a Ireland a 1974.  

Daly ta fara fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ta Arewacin Ireland bayan da jami'an Westminster suka gabatar da tsare mutane ba tare da an yi musu shari'a ba a shekarar 1972 bisa ga buƙatar Firayim Ministan Arewacin Ireland Brian Faulkner .  Ta kasance mai himma a Ƙungiyar Kare Hakkin Jama'a ta Arewacin Ireland (NICRA),  da kuma Ƙungiyar Kare Hakkin Jama'a ta Arewacin Ireland (NRA), inda ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar lokacin da ta ƙaura zuwa Belfast ; Daga baya Daly ta shiga Jam'iyyar National Democratic Party (NDP), da kuma magajinta, Jam'iyyar Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP). A matsayinta na memba na SDLP, ta yi adawa da John Hume kuma ta yi adawa da fafutukar ƙara mallakar gidaje masu zaman kansu maimakon tsawaita gidajen gwamnati. A taron shekara-shekara na farko na SDLP, Daly ta jagoranci adawa da wani kudiri da ya yi Allah wadai da duk wani tashin hankali na siyasa da Hume ya gabatar. 

Saurin ƙaruwar tashin hankali a Arewacin Ireland a wannan lokacin, musamman ma kisan da 'yan ƙungiyar 1 PARA suka yi wa masu zanga-zangar kare haƙƙin jama'a 14 a Derry a ranar 14 ga Janairu 1972 a cikin abin da daga baya aka san shi da " Bloody Sunday " ya ƙara mata tsattsauran ra'ayi. Bayan Bloody Sunday, ta bar SDLP ta shiga Sinn Féin a 1974.  

A lokacin da take siyasa, Daly, kamar yadda 'yan jam'iyyar Republican da yawa na Ireland suka yi, ta yi adawa da ka'idar ƙasashen biyu wadda ta yi iƙirarin cewa ' yan Furotesta na Ulster sun zama wata ƙasa ta musamman ta Irish. Ta kuma shiga Kwamitin Ayyukan 'Yan Ulster (PRAC), Kwamitin Yaƙin Yunwa na Ƙasa (NHSC) da Kwamitin Tsaron Murray (MDC), wanda daga baya ya yi nasarar hana a kashe ma'auratan masu tsattsauran ra'ayi Marie da Noel Murray bayan an same su da laifin kisan kai kuma aka yanke musu hukuncin kisa a watan Yunin 1976 saboda kisan jami'in Garda Síochána Michael Reynolds. A lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe na hana kashe 'yan Murray, Daly ta yi aiki tare da Seamus Costello . [1] An kuma zaɓe ta a matsayin shugaban Kwamitin H-Blocks na Ƙasa, duk da barazanar da masu biyayya suka yi mata. [2]

A shekarar 1977, Daly da abokiyar zamanta sun bar Sinn Féin saboda goyon bayan jam'iyyar ga tarayyar Irish ta larduna huɗu masu cin gashin kansu . Costello ya ɗauke su aiki a watan Agusta na 1977 zuwa IRSP, kuma ya haɗa kai da Árd Chomhairle ko hukumar gudanarwa kafin a kashe Costello a ranar 5 ga Oktoba, 1977, wanda ake zargin an yi masa da laifin IRA . A watan Fabrairu na 1978, an zaɓe Miriam Daly a matsayin shugabar IRSP.  Wasu bayanai daga baya IRSP/INLA sun bayyana Daly a matsayin 'mai sa kai', amma ba ta taɓa zama memba na Rundunar 'Yantar da Jama'ar Ireland ba, reshen soja na IRSP.  

A shekarar 1974, 'yan Dalys, waɗanda aka yi musu barazanar kisa, sun ƙaura daga gidansu da ke Stranmillis, kusa da Jami'ar Queen's da gundumomin ma'aikata masu biyayya ga Furotesta, zuwa titin Andersonstown, a cikin yankin yammacin Belfast na Katolika .  

Tun daga shekarar 1978 zuwa gaba, Daly ya yi fafutukar neman matsayin siyasa ga fursunonin 'yan sanda. 

A watan Maris na shekarar 1979, Daly ta yi murabus daga mukamin shugabar gwamnati bayan takaddama tsakanin Árd Comhairle da Coiste Seasta (hukumar jami'ai). Daga baya aka maye gurbinta da Sakatare Janar na wancan lokacin, Mick Plunkett. 

A ranar 15 ga Yuni 1980, kwanaki 11 kafin a kashe ta, an zaɓi Daly a cikin sabon kwamitin ƙasa na Armagh da H-Blocks. 

## Manazarta