Nina Simone

**Nina Simone** (/ ˈniːnə sɪˈmoʊn/ NEE-nə sim-OHN; an haife ta Eunice Kathleen Waymon; Fabrairu 21, 1933 - Afrilu 21, 2003) ta kasance mawaƙiyar Ba'amurkiya ce, mawaƙiyar pian, mai tsarawa, kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a. Kiɗanta sun haɗa da na gargajiya, jama'a, bishara, blues, jazz, R&B, da pop. Baroque da kiɗa na gargajiya sun yi tasiri sosai game da wasan piano, musamman Johann Sebastian Bach, kuma yana tare da bayyana ra'ayi, mai kama da jazz a cikin muryarta.

Ta shida cikin yara takwas da aka haifa a cikin dangi matalauta a Arewacin Carolina, Simone da farko ta yi burin zama ƴar wasan pian na kiɗa. Tare da taimakon wasu ƴan magoya baya a garinsu, ta shiga Makarantar Kiɗa ta Juilliard a birnin New York. Daga nan sai ta nemi gurbin karatu don yin karatu a Cibiyar Kiɗa ta Curtis da ke Philadelphia, inda, duk da cewa an sami karɓuwa sosai, an hana ta shiga, wanda ta danganta da wariyar launin fata. A shekarar 2003, kwanaki kadan kafin rasuwarta, cibiyar ta ba ta digirin girmamawa.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### 1933-1954: Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Simone Eunice Kathleen Waymon a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 1933, a Tryon, North Carolina. Mahaifinta, John Divine Waymon, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai wanzami da bushe-bushe da kuma mai nishadantarwa, kuma mahaifiyarta, Mary Kate Irvin, mai wa'azin Methodist ce. Ta shida cikin ’ya’ya takwas a cikin iyali matalauta, ta fara buga piano tana da shekaru uku ko hudu; Waƙar da ta fara koya ita ce "Allah Ya kasance tare da ku, Sai Mun Sake Haɗuwa". Da nuna gwanintar piano, ta yi wasa a cocin gida. Wasanta na halarta na farko, recital na gargajiya, an ba da ita lokacin tana shekara 12. Simone daga baya ta ce yayin wannan wasan kwaikwayon, iyayenta, waɗanda suka zauna a layi na gaba, an tilasta musu ƙaura zuwa bayan zauren don yin hanyar farar fata. mutane. Ta ce ta ki yin wasa har sai da iyayenta suka koma gaba, kuma lamarin ya taimaka mata daga baya ta shiga harkar kare hakkin jama'a. Malamar kiɗa ta Simone ta taimaka wajen kafa asusu na musamman don biyan kuɗin karatunta. Bayan haka, an kafa asusun gida don taimaka mata ta ci gaba da karatun ta. Tare da taimakon wannan kuɗin tallafin karatu, ta sami damar halartar makarantar sakandare ta Allen don 'yan mata a Asheville, North Carolina.

### 1954–1959: Nasara na farko
Domin samun kuɗin darussa na sirri, Simone ta yi wasa a Midtown Bar & Grill a kan titin Pacific a Atlantic City, New Jersey, wanda mai shi ya dage cewa ta yi waƙa da kuma wasan piano, wanda ya ƙara yawan kudin shiga zuwa $90 a mako. A 1954, ta soma da mataki sunan "Nina Simone". "Nina", wanda aka samo daga niña, sunan laƙabi ne da wani saurayi mai suna Chico ya ba ta, kuma "Simone" an ɗauke ta daga 'yar wasan Faransa Simone Signoret, wadda ta gani a cikin fim din 1952 Casque d'Or. Sanin mahaifiyarta ba zai yarda ta kunna "waƙar Iblis ba," ta yi amfani da sabon sunanta don kasancewa ba a gano ba. Cakudar da Simone ta yi na jazz, blues, da kiɗan gargajiya a cikin wasan kwaikwayonta a mashaya ya sa ta sami ƙaramin tushe amma mai aminci.

A cikin 1958, ta yi abokantaka kuma ta auri Don Ross, ɗan wasan bugun zuciya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mashaya mai kyau, amma da sauri ya yi nadamar aurensu. Yin wasa a cikin ƙananan kulake a cikin wannan shekarar, ta yi rikodin George Gershwin's "Ina son ku, Porgy" (daga Porgy da Bess), wanda ta koya daga kundi na Billie Holiday kuma ta yi a matsayin wata ni'ima ga aboki. Ya zama babban nasararta na Billboard guda 20 a Amurka, kuma kundi na farko na Little Girl Blue ya biyo baya a cikin Fabrairu 1959 akan Records Baitalami. Saboda ta sayar da haƙƙoƙinta ga dala 3,000, Simone ta yi asarar fiye da dala miliyan 1 a cikin kuɗin sarauta (musamman ga sakewar shekarun 1980 na sigar jazz ɗin "My Baby Just Cares for Me") kuma ba ta amfana da kuɗi daga tallace-tallacen kundin.

## Manazarta