Rupert Hamer

**Sir Rupert James "Dick" Hamer**, AC , KCMG , ED (29 ga Yulin shekarar 1916 - 23 Maris 2004) ɗan siyasa ne na Australiya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na 39 na Victoria daga 1972 zuwa 1981, kuma kafin hakan, mataimakin Firayim Minista na 18 na Victoria daga 1971 zuwa 1972. Ya riƙe muƙami a matsayin shugaban ɓangaren Victorian na Jam'iyyar Liberal ta Australiya (LPA) kuma memba na Majalisar Dokokin Victoria (MLA) na gundumar Kew.

## Shekarun farko
An haifi Hamer a Melbourne ga Elizabeth Anne McLuckie da Hubert Hamer, lauya. 'Yan uwansa uku duk sun sami nasara a fannoninsu: ƴar uwarsa ita ce Alison Patrick (1921–2009), wani sanannen masanin tarihi a duniya na juyin juya halin Faransa ; 'yan uwansa su ne David Hamer (1923–2002), ɗan siyasan tarayya mai sassaucin ra'ayi, da kuma Alan, ɗan Rhodes Scholar, masanin sinadarai kuma babban darakta na ICI Australia. 

Hamer ya yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar Melbourne da Makarantar Grammar Geelong kuma ya kammala karatun lauya daga Jami'ar Melbourne, inda ya zauna a Kwalejin Trinity daga 1936. Ya kasance memba, tare da ɗan'uwansa Alan, na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kwalejin First XVIII Australian Rules, kuma Sakataren Ƙungiyar Ɗalibai. Ya shiga Rundunar Sojojin Jami'ar Melbourne ta Sojojin Australiya a 1935 kuma ya yi aiki tare da su har zuwa 1939. An naɗa shi jami'i a watan Agusta 1940 a Bataliya ta 2/43 ta AIF kuma ya yi aiki a Tobruk, Syria, El Alamein, New Guinea da kuma Normandy. An ambaci sunansa a cikin Dispatches a 1945 saboda "babban aikin yi a Kudu maso Yammacin Pacific". Bayan yaƙin ya zama abokin tarayya a kamfanin lauyoyi na iyalinsa kuma yana aiki a Jam'iyyar Liberal. A 1944 ya auri April Mackintosh, wanda ya haifi 'ya'ya biyar tare. Ya ci gaba da aikinsa na soja kuma ya ci gaba da aiki a rundunar sojojin ƙasa ta 'yan ƙasa tare da shiga rundunar sojojin Scotland ta Victoria a 1948, wanda shi ne Kwamandan Sojoji daga 1954 zuwa 1958. 

## Aikin majalisar dokoki
An zaɓe Hamer a Majalisar Dokokin Victoria ta Lardin Gabashin Yarra a shekarar 1958. An naɗa shi a majalisar ministocin Firayim Minista, Henry Bolte, a shekarar 1962, inda ya zama Mataimakin Babban Sakatare. Ya kasance Ministan Kananan Hukumomi daga 1964 zuwa 1971.

Bayan da Mataimakin Firayim Minista Arthur Rylah ya yi ritaya, an zaɓe Hamer a zaɓen maye gurbin kujerar Majalisar Dokoki ta Rylah da ke Kew a gabashin Melbourne. Nan take ya karɓi muƙamin Mataimakin Firayim Minista da Babban Sakatare na Rylah. Duk da cewa yana da aminci ga Bolte, ya yi suna wajen zama mai sassaucin ra'ayi fiye da shugabansa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya.

## Shugaban Victoria
A shekarun 1970, gwamnatin Liberal ta fara rasa sha'awarta ga matasa masu jefa ƙuri'a a birane a Melbourne. Da yake ta fahimci cewa 'yan Liberal suna da shekara ɗaya da za su sake gyara sunansu kafin zaɓen gama gari na doka, Bolte ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1972 ya kuma amince da Hamer a matsayin wanda zai gaje shi. Duk da adawa daga ɓangaren masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na jam'iyyar, goyon bayan Bolte ya isa ya sa Hamer ya yi nasara a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da aka yi, kuma aka rantsar da shi a matsayin firayim minista a ranar 23 ga watan Agusta.

Hamer ya nuna irin wannan sauyi mai girma tun zamanin Bolte har ya sami damar yin kamfe a zaɓen 1973 a matsayin sabon shugaban masu ra'ayin sauyi, duk da cewa 'yan Liberal sun shafe shekaru 18 suna mulki. Ta hanyar amfani da taken " *Hamer Makes It Happen* ", ya sami rinjaye a kan 'yan adawar Labour a ƙarƙashin Clyde Holding, wanda hakan ya ƙara yawan rinjayen jam'iyyarsa da ta riga ta samu. Ya sami babban nasara a 1976, inda ya sake kayar da Holding.

Hamer, wanda manyan abokan hulɗarsa kamar Ministan Tsare-tsare Alan Hunt, Ministan Kare Muhalli Bill Borthwick, Babban Lauya Haddon Storey, Ministan Jin Dadin Jama'a Vasey Houghton, Ministan Gidaje da Matasa Wasanni da Nishaɗi Brian Dixon da Ministan Ayyukan Jin Dadin Al'umma Walter Jona sun koma ga zamani da kuma 'yantar da gwamnati a Victoria. An ƙarfafa dokokin kare muhalli sosai,  an soke hukuncin kisa, an bai wa al'ummomin ' yan asalin ƙasar mallakar filayensu, an cire zubar da ciki da luwaɗi daga cikin waɗanda suka aikata laifi kuma an gabatar da dokokin hana nuna wariya.

## Manazarta