Mary Ha'aheo Atcherley

**Mary Haʻaheo Atcherley** (an haifi **Mary Ha'aheo Kinimaka**, 24 ga Afrilu, 1874 Maris 8, 1933) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a ta ƙasar Hawaii . Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata 'yan asalin ƙasar Hawaii na farko da suka tsaya takarar mukamai a Yankin Hawaii .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Mary Ha'aheo Kinimaka akan titin King a Honolulu a cikin 1874 ga David Leleo Kinimaka, wani mai martaba na Hawaii, da Hannah Keolaokalaau (wanda kuma aka sani da Hanakeola, ko Hana Keola Allen-Kinimaka, 1854-1893).  

Ta halarci Makarantar Kawaiaha'o ta 'Yan Mata tsakanin 1879 da 1881 ko 1882.  Tana da shekaru shida, ta zama 'yar *hānai* ta Sarki Kalākaua . Ta zauna a gidan sarauta har zuwa shekara goma sha shida kuma ta kammala karatunta a St. Andrew's Priory . Bayan sarkin ya mutu, Kinimaka ta zauna tare da mahaifiyarta, kamar yadda mahaifinta ya mutu a 1884.

A shekara ta 1893, ta haɗu da likitan mahaifiyarta, Dakta John Atcherley (1865–1940), wani Ba’amurke ɗan Ingila daga Liverpool wanda ya zo tsibiran don kula da aikin likitanci na surukinsa.  Mary Kinimaka ta auri John Atcherley a shekara ta 1894 a Kawaiae, Hawaii .   Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya maza huɗu, ɗaya daga cikinsu bai rayu ba har ya girma, da kuma 'ya'ya mata uku.  

A shekara ta 1897, Atcherley ta zama ita kaɗai mai mallakar gidaje biyu na ahapua'a a Kona, Hawaii.   Ta shiga cikin takaddamar shari'a da ta shafi filaye a duk tsawon shekara ta 1915, ciki har da wanda Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke hukunci a kansa.   

Iyalin suna yawo akai-akai. A shekarar 1908, suna zaune a Honolulu, kuma, bayan wasu takaddama na shari'a da suka shafi tsarewar John Atcherley a wani gidan yari mai ban mamaki,  sun ƙaura zuwa San Francisco a shekarar 1910 kuma zuwa Vancouver a shekarar 1911 (inda aka haifi ƙaramar 'yarsu, 'yar Sarauniya Lili'uokalani ).   Dr. Atcherley ta yi aiki a Kamfanin Jiragen Ƙasa na Pacific na Kanada kafin ta shiga Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Royal Canadian lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya ya fara a shekarar 1914.  A gida, Atcherley ta ɗauki nauyin tara kuɗi mai taken Hawaiian don yaƙin, inda sau da yawa take jagorantar 'ya'yanta wajen yin waƙoƙin Hawaiian . 

Iyalin sun koma Tsibirin Hawaii zuwa Molokai (inda Dr. Atcherley shine likitan gundumar) kafin su zauna a Honolulu a shekarar 1928.   An binne Atcherley a Diamond Head Memorial Park a tsibirin Oahu tare da mijinta. 

## Siyasa
Tun daga wasiƙun da aka aika wa editan a shekarar 1908, Atcherley ya zama mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar Hawaii, musamman dangane da lafiyar jama'a da kuma cin zarafin da jami'an gwamnati ke yi masa.   A shekarar 1919, Atcherley ya halarci zanga-zangar goyon bayan zaɓen mata. 

A shekarar 1920, Atcherley ta tsaya takarar jam'iyyar Democrat daga Oahu a zaɓen fidda gwani na majalisar dattawan yankin.   Wani labari na 1920 game da jihohinta: "Mrs. Atcherley tana wakiltar doka don mafi ƙarancin albashi da albashin rayuwa ga duk 'yan mata da mata masu aiki, da kuma gyara dokar diyya ta ma'aikata." 

Sakataren Yankin Kanar Curtis P. Iaukea bai san ko an ba shi izinin shigar da sunayen mata a cikin kuri'ar ba; an mika tambayar ta hannun majalisar ministocin gwamnan ga Babban Lauyan Gwamnati Harry Irwin.  Babban Lauyan Gwamnati ya bayyana cewa bisa doka, 'yan takarar mata ba su cancanci shiga cikin kuri'ar ba saboda ba su cancanci a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 34 na Dokar Halittar Hawaiian ba, ( Pub.L. 56–339, 31 Stat. 141), wani doka ta halitta da Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta zartar don kafa gwamnati da majalisar dokoki ta Yankin da aka zartar a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 1900.    Sashe na 34 ya karanta kamar haka:SEC. 34. Domin mutum ya cancanci zaɓe a matsayin sanata, dole ne-

 Ka zama namiji ɗan ƙasar Amurka;

 Ka kai shekaru talatin;

 Na zauna a Tsibirin Hawaii ba kasa da shekaru uku ba kuma

 ya cancanci kaɗa ƙuri'ar 'yan majalisar dattawa a gundumar da aka zaɓe shi. Saboda haka, an ba wa matan izinin ci gaba da kasancewa a kan kuri'ar zaɓe bisa doka, amma da an zaɓe su, da ba za su iya riƙe muƙaminsu ba.  Babban Lauyan Gwamnati ya ba da shawarar wani ɗan ƙasa ya gabatar da ƙarar gwaji don a miƙa ta ga Kotun Ƙoli .  Sunan Atcherley ya ci gaba da kasancewa a kan tikitin, amma ba a zaɓe ta ba.  

Atcherley ta sake tsayawa takara a shekarar 1922, amma ana sa ran za ta sami kuri'u 800 ne kawai.  Batun cancanta bai kasance a bayyane ba: an ba wa mata damar tsayawa takara a mukaman yankuna, amma batun ko an ba su izinin riƙe mukamai a yankunansu zai kasance daga membobin Majalisar Dokokin Amurka .  A watan Satumba na 1922, wani kudiri da aka zartar ya ba wa mata damar riƙe mukamai a yankin Hawaii: jaridu sun ambaci cewa kamfen ɗin Atcherley ya jawo hankali ga wannan batu. 

A tsawon shekarun 1920, ta yi kira ga gwamnati game da batutuwa daban-daban, ciki har da amfani da filaye. 

Wani labarin mutuwar ya ce, "Mrs. Atcherley ba ta taɓa samun wata babbar lambar yabo ta siyasa ba duk da cewa ta yi burin zuwa wurare da yawa na hidimar jama'a" duk da cewa "a cikin ƙoƙarinta a madadin mutanenta, 'yan Hawaii, matakanta ba su taɓa yin jinkiri ba, muryarta ba ta taɓa tsayawa ba. Ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙinsu ba tare da yin kasa a gwiwa ba."

## Gudummawar harsuna
Atcherley, wacce ta girma tana jin harshen Hawaii tare da dangin sarauta, ta koyar da azuzuwan harshen Hawaii a Molokai da Oahu a shekarun 1920 kuma ta rubuta littattafanta na kanta.  A shekarar 1923, Majalisar Dokoki ta Yankuna ta zartar da Dokar 243 ("dokar samar da shiri da buga littafin rubutu na makaranta a cikin harshen Hawaii"); An zaɓi *Littafin Atcherley na Farko a cikin Harshen Hawaii: Littafin Rubutu a cikin Harshen Hawaii* a matsayin littafin karatu na ƙarshe kuma Gwamnatin Yankuna ta buga shi a 1930 don amfani a makarantu a faɗin Hawaii. 

## Manazarta