Cesina Bermuda

Cesina Borges Adães Bermuda (1908-2001) Likitan haihuwa ce ta Portugal wadda ta gabatar da manufar  haihuwa ba tare da ciwo ba ga Portugal. Ta kuma kasance fitacciyar mace mai adawa da mulkin kama-karya na Estado Novo, wadda aka ɗaure ta na tsawon watanni uku.

## Tarihi
An haifi Cesina Bermudes a ranar 20 ga Mayu 1908 a Lisbon, Portugal a cikin Ikklisiya na Anjos . Ita 'yar Félix Bermudes ce da Cândida Emília Borges . Mahaifinta marubuci ne kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo tare da kasancewa sanannen ɗan wasan da ya wakilci Portugal a harbi a wasannin Olympics na bazara kuma ya kasance mai goyon bayan kuɗi da shugaban S.L. Benfica, yanzu ɗayan manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Portugal. Mahaifiyarta mace ce mai ilimi sosai wacce ta koya mata Faransanci kuma ta karanta mata tatsuniyoyin Helenanci a lokacin barci. Bermudes ta gaji wasan motsa jiki na mahaifinta kuma ta kasance zakara a cikin iyo, kuma tana shiga cikin wasan motsa jiki, wasan motsa jiki da tseren keke da mota, kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko a Portugal don samun lasisin tuki. A matsayinta na mai tuka keke, ta lashe tseren keke na farko na "Tour of Lisbon" ga mata. Kamar mahaifinta ta kasance memba na Theosophical Society of Portugal, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatare janar. Ta yi imani da sake haihuwa kuma mai cin ganyayyaki ne. 

Bayan da farko ta sami ilimi mai zaman kansa a gida Cesina Mercedes ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Camões. Lokacin da ta shiga akwai wasu 'yan mata hudu a cikin aji, amma a lokacin da ta tafi ita ce kawai yarinya a cikin gilashi tare da yara maza 15. Ta kammala karatu daga Faculty of Medicine na Jami'ar Lisbon a 1933 kuma ta bi wannan tare da Janar Internship da Internship a Surgery tare da ƙwarewa a cikin Obstetrics. Ta yi aiki a matsayin likita a "Centre for Assistance to Maternity and Childhood" a Lisbon. Wannan ya biyo bayan wani lokaci a matsayin Mataimakin Farfesa na Anatomy a asibitin Lisbon. A shekara ta 1947 ta zama mace ta farko da ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin kiwon lafiya (tare da kashi 19 cikin 20). Taken rubutunta shine Os Músculos Radiais Externos Estudados nos Portugueses de Condição Humilde (The External Radial Musculature Observed in the Portuguese Low Income Population). Koyaya, a sakamakon gwagwarmayarta ta siyasa Estado Novo ba ta ba ta damar bin aikin koyarwa na ilimi ba. A sakamakon haka, ta koyar a kwalejin ma'aikatan jinya.

An kafa wayar da kan jama'a game da siyasa a farkon shekarun 1940 kuma ta zama mai goyon bayan adawa da Estado Novo. A shekara ta 1945 ta shiga Movement of Democratic Unity, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta kungiyoyin da ke adawa da Gwamnati. Ta goyi bayan takarar José Norton de Matos a zaben shugaban kasar Portugal na 1949 kuma ta yi magana a cikin goyon bayansa a tarurruka da yawa. A ranar 14 ga Oktoba 1949 'yan sanda na sirri na Portugal (PIDE) sun kama ta saboda kasancewa memba na Hukumar Tsakiya ta Ƙungiyar Demokradiyya ta Mata, kuma an tsare ta a kurkuku a Caxias, kusa da Lisbon, na tsawon watanni uku. A cikin 1950, ta shiga cikin haɓaka kundin tsarin mulkin Kwamitin Tsaro na Kasa.

## Inganta haihuwa ba tare da ciwo ba
A shekara ta 1954 Cesina Bermudes ta yi tafiya zuwa Paris don nazarin hanyar haihuwa ta psychoprophylactic, wanda aka fi sani da Fasahar Lamaze bayan wanda ya kafa shi likitan haihuwa na Faransa Fernand Lamaze . Manufar ita ce gina amincewar uwa game da ikonta na haihuwa, ta hanyar azuzuwan da ke taimaka wa mata masu juna biyu su fahimci yadda za su jimre da ciwo a hanyoyin da ke sauƙaƙa haihuwa. A Paris ta sadu da wasu likitoci uku na Fotigal, Joaquim Seabra-Dinis, Pedro Monjardino da João dos Santos, wadanda daga baya ta yi aiki tare da su don haɓaka sabbin dabarun da za su yi tasiri sosai a hanyar da za a iya kusantar ma'aikata, gami da amfani da magunguna don motsa haihuwa. Komawa a Lisbon ta gabatar da waɗannan dabarun ga Portugal. Wasu daga cikin ra'ayoyinta an dauke su kusan ridda a lokacin. Haihuwar haihuwa ba tare da ciwo ba har yanzu ra'ayi ne da ba za a iya tunaninsa ba, musamman ga Katolika waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa mace ya kamata ta sha wahala yayin cika matsayin uwa. Sai kawai a cikin 1956 Paparoma Pius XII ya ɗaga la'akari da haihuwa na Katolika ba tare da ciwo ba.

Bermudes da sauri ya zama mutum mai daraja sosai a fagen kiwon lafiya. Ta samar da labarai da yawa a cikin mujallu na kiwon lafiya wanda Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Haihuwar Ba tare da Ciwo ba (Bases Científicas do Parto sem Dor) a cikin 1955 da kuma Bayani game da Haihuwar Ba ta da Ciwo (Notas Soltas sobre o Parto sem Dol) a cikin 1957 sune mafi sanannun. Bayan zaben 1958, lokacin da aka sake mayar da Estado Novo zuwa ofis, ta ɓace daga al'amuran siyasa don ba ta damar samar da taimakon likita ga mata masu juna biyu na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Portugal (PCP), waɗanda aka tilasta su zauna a ɓoye. An hana ta aiki a asibitocin jama'a, ta yi aiki a asibiti a Lisbon da Cascais waɗanda aka sadaukar don tallafawa uwaye marasa aure.

## Kyaututtuka

* A shekara ta 1989 an ba ta lambar yabo ta Portuguese Order of Freedom (Portuguese: Ordem da Liberdade), wanda ke ba da lada ga ayyukan da suka dace ga hanyar dimokuradiyya da 'yanci. An kirkiro tsari ne a shekara ta 1976, bayan Juyin Juya Halin Carnation na 1974 lokacin da aka hambarar da Estado Novo.
* A shekara ta 1996 ta sami Movement of Democratic Unity "Distinction of Honour".
* An sanya wa wata titi a Lisbon suna bayan ta. *Hanyar Cesina Adães Bermuda*.

## Manazarta