Maryam bint Uthman

Maryam bint al-Shaikh Uthman bin Fudi (an haife ta a shekara ta 1810 - ta mutu a shekara ta 180), wanda aka fi sani da sunanta Uwardeji, malama ce, malama kuma mai tasiri a cikin Daular Khalifancin Sokoto . ƙaramar ƴa ce ga wanda ya kafa Daular Khalifanci, Usman dan Fodio, an san ta da ilmantarwa da rawar da ta taka a rayuwar siyasa da addini a Sokoto da Kano. Ta yi karatu a karkashin mahaifinta da 'yar'uwarta Nana Asma'u, daga baya ta zama mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar ilimin mata ta Yan Taru ta Asma'a, wanda daga baya ta jagoranci. Ta hanyar aurenta, gami da Sarkin Kano Ibrahim Dabo, Maryam ta haɗu da manyan iyalai na Khalifanci kuma ta taka rawar matsakaici a dangantakar Kano-Sokoto. An kuma dauke ta a matsayin mai iko a kan ilimin Islama, musamman muhawara da akayi game da Mahdi a ƙarshen karni na 19.

## RaDaular yuwa
cin Sokoton

### Rayuwar farko
An haifi Maryam a shekara ta 1810, mai yiwuwa a Sifawa (yanzu  jihar Sokoto, Najeriya).  ita ce kanwar Usman dan Fodio, malamin addinrta ulani da ya kafa daular Sokoto . Tun daga shekarar 1804, ya jagoranci jihadin kawo sauyi wanda a karshe ya kare a shekara ta 1808 wato shekara biyu kafin haihuwar Maryam. Ba a san komai ba game da mahaifiyarta Mariya, wacce ita ce kuyangar Usman.  

Iyalan maryam sun shahara da karatu. Ta yi karatu a wurin mahaifintjigo kwarta Nana Asma'u, wacce ita ma fitacciya akan malami ce kuma mawaki.  

A daidai lokacin da aka haifi Maryam, Asma'u ta auri *[[Babban Wazirin Sokoto|waziri]]* (Babban waziri) na Halifa, Gidado dan Laima . Daga baya Maryam ta auri dan Gidado daga matarsa ta farko, Muhammad Ade.  &#x3A;&#x200A;23&#x200A; Daga wannan auren ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da diya mace mai suna Ta Modi (sunanta kuma Maryam).  Daga baya ta auri Ibrahim Dabo, *Sarkin* Kano (r. 1818-1846), daga nan ta koma fadar Kano, inda ta fara karatun Alkur'ani.   Bayan rasuwar Dabo a 1846, an ce ta sake auren Ade.  &#x3A;&#x200A;390&#x200A;

### Al'amuran halifanci
Ita dai Maryam ba ita ce matar Dabo ta farko ba, haka nan sarauta ba ta fito daga cikinta ba.  Amma duk da haka ta yi tasiri a harkokin Kano.  Don haka, lokacin da mijinta ya rasu, ta koma Sakkwato, *halifofi* suka nemi shawararta game da dangantaka da babbar masarautar Kano. Lokacin da *halifa* Ahmadu Rufa'i ya shirya tsige *sarki* Abdullahi ɗan Dabo, sai *sarkin* ya roƙe ta ta yi watsi da *halifan* . Abdullahi ya ma yi barazanar yin tawaye, amma a karshe Rufa’i ya amince ya ci gaba da mulki.  &#x3A;&#x200A;390-391&#x200A;

Bayan rasuwar Sarki Abdullahi a shekarar 1882, *Halifa* Umaru da *wazirinsa* Abdullahi Bayero sun kasa yanke shawarar wanda zai gaje shi tsakanin Dan Lawan Yusufu da Yusufu dan uwan Abdullahi, wanda aka kore shi a matsayin *[[Galadima]]* . *Halifa* da *waziri* duk sun fi so kuma suna adawa da dan takarar dayan. Don warware matsalar, Maryam ta shawarci Mamman Bello, ɗan Dabo da kanin Abdullahi. An ce Umaru da Bayero duk sun samu sauki, kuma sun amince da nadin Bello a matsayin ''Sarkin'' Kano .  &#x3A;&#x200A;404&#x200A; 

Ana ganin Maryam a matsayin hukuma akan zuwan *[[Mahdi]]* a Sakkwato. Iliminta a kan wannan batu ya zama mai matukar muhimmanci a lokacin da aka shelanta *Mahdin* Sudan Muhammad Ahmad a shekara ta 1881. Wannan ya sa aka yi hijira daga halifanci zuwa gabas,  ciki har da Yariman Sokoto Hayatu bin Sa'id wanda ya rubuta mata wasika yana cewa ita ma ta yi hijira.  Dangane da guguwar hijira daga Kano, *sai sarki* Bello ya rubuta wa Maryamu, yana neman shawararta game da lokacin bayyanar  .  a cikin wasiƙarta *Wathiqa ila amir Kanu fi amr al-mahdi* ta ce:  Dangane da tambayar da kuka nemi ra’ayinmu game da ita, wato al’ummar kasar Hausa suna wucewa ta wurinku daga ko’ina kuma suna da’awar cewa lokacin kaura daga kasar Hausa ya zo, amsar ita ce kamar haka: Irin wadannan mutane batattu ne kuma ba su san addininsu da al’amuransu na duniya ba.

### ''Yan Taru'' motsi da mutuwa
Maryam ta kasance mai fafutuka a *[[Yan Taru|’Yan Taru]]* na Nana Asma’u, mai fafutukar ilmantar da mata a Khalifanci. Asma'u ta jagoranci gungun almajiranta ( *jajis* ) don yada "Koyarwar Sufaye game da ruhi, ɗabi'a, da ɗabi'a a cikin tafiyar da al'amuran zamantakewa sun gangara zuwa mafi ƙasƙanci na tsarin zamantakewa". Bayan rasuwar Asma'u a shekara ta 1864, Maryam ta zama shugabar kungiyar ta kuma dauki lakabin *Uwardeji* .   Sunan yana nufin "mai kula da 'ya'yan sarauta"  , kuma an yi amfani da shi a matsayin abin koyi ga muhimmin taken Gobir *[[Inna (title)|Inna]]* .   &#x3A;&#x200A;178&#x200A;A gidanta dake *Hubbare*, tsohon gidan mahaifinta kuma yanzu kabari, mata daga garuruwa daban-daban suka taru, suka samu tarbiyar tarbiyya da ilimi daga wurinta, kamar yadda suka samu daga Asma'u. Sauran ayyukan sun haɗa da rera waƙoƙi na musamman, yin zango a waje, da ziyartar wuraren ibada masu daraja. 

Maryam ta rasu a shekara ta 1880.   Bayan haka, 'yarta Ta Modi ta zama shugabar kungiyar ' *Yan Taru*, wacce har yanzu tana aiki.   &#x3A;&#x200A;65&#x200A;

## Manazarta