Gidan shakatawa na Cairngorms

**Cairngorms National Park** ( Scottish Gaelic  Pàirc Nàiseanta  ) wani wurin shakatawa ne na ƙasa a arewa maso gabashin Scotland, wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 2003. Shi ne na biyu cikin wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa guda biyu da Majalisar Dokokin Scotland ta kafa, bayan Loch Lomond da The Trossachs National Park, wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 2002. Wurin shakatawa ya ƙunshi jerin tsaunukan Cairngorms, da tuddai da ke kewaye da shi. Tuni dai wurin shakatawa mafi girma a ƙasar Burtaniya, a shekara ta 2010 an faɗaɗa shi zuwa Perth da Kinross . 

Kimanin mutane 18,000 ne ke zaune a cikin  wurin shakatawa na ƙasa. Manyan al'ummomi sune Aviemore, Ballater, Braemar, Grantown-on-Spey, Kingussie, Newtonmore da Tomintoul . Kamar sauran wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa a Burtaniya, wurin shakatawa an sanya shi a matsayin IUCN Rukuni na V duk da haka yana cikin iyakokinsa da dama na ajiyar yanayi na ƙasa waɗanda ke da matsayin IUCN Rukuni na II (wurin shakatawa na ƙasa), kamar Abernethy Forest da Mar Lodge Estate . 

A shekarar 2018, an yi rikodin ziyarar yawon bude ido miliyan 1.9.  Yawancin baƙi 'yan ƙasar ne, inda kashi 25 cikin 100 suka fito daga wasu wurare a Burtaniya, kuma kashi 21 cikin 100 sun fito daga wasu ƙasashe.  Yawon buɗe ido ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 80 cikin 100 na tattalin arzikin wurin shakatawa na ƙasa. 

## Yanayin ƙasa

Wurin shakatawa na Cairngorms National Park ya ƙunshi faɗin fili    a yankunan majalisar Aberdeenshire, Moray, Highland, Angus da Perth da Kinross .  Tsaunukan tsaunukan Cairngorms suna tsakiyar wurin shakatawa na ƙasa, amma suna samar da wani ɓangare ɗaya kawai na shi, tare da wasu tsaunukan tsaunuka kamar Angus Glens da Monadhliath, da ƙananan yankuna kamar Strathspey da Deeside na sama.  Manyan koguna uku suna fitowa a wurin shakatawa: Spey, Dee, da Don . Spey, wanda shine kogi na biyu mafi tsayi a Scotland, yana fitowa a Monadhliath, yayin da Dee da Don duka suna fitowa a Cairngorms kansu. 

Cairngorms kansu wani kyakkyawan wuri ne mai ban sha'awa, kama da wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Hardangervidda na Norway, inda yake da babban yanki na tuddai masu tsayi.

Jerin ya ƙunshi manyan plateaux guda uku a kusan 1000–1200&nbsp;m sama da matakin teku, wanda samansa akwai ƙololuwar duwatsu masu tsayi (tsutsotsin da suka lalace a da suna da tsayi sosai) [ 8 ] suna tashi zuwa kusan 1300&nbsp;m. Yawancin tsaunukan suna da tsaunuka masu tsayi, waɗanda ke tsaye a saman shimfidar ƙasa mai cike da duwatsu.  Gefen tsaunukan suna cikin wurare masu tsayi na dutse mai tsayi kuma suna da kyau don yin tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara, hawan dutse da hawan kankara . Cairngorms suna samar da yanayin tsaunukan Arctic-Alpine, tare da halaye masu kama da tundra da kuma wuraren dusar ƙanƙara masu ɗorewa. 

Tsaunukan Monadhliath suna arewacin Strathspey, kuma sun ƙunshi wani wuri mai duhu, mai faɗi wanda tsayinsa ya kai tsakanin 700 da 950.&nbsp;m.  

Manyan hanyoyin sufuri guda biyu suna ratsawa ta wurin shakatawar, inda titin A9 da kuma Highland Main Line suka ratsa ta hanyar wucewar Drumochter suka kuma ratsa Strathspey, suna samar da hanyoyin haɗi tsakanin yamma da arewacin wurin shakatawar da biranen Perth da Inverness . Layin Highland Main shine kawai hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta babban layin dogo ta wurin shakatawar, duk da haka akwai wasu manyan hanyoyi da dama, ciki har da A86, wanda ke haɗa Strathspey da Fort William, da kuma A93, wanda ke haɗa yankin Deeside na wurin shakatawar zuwa Perth da Aberdeen .   

## Ilimin ƙasa
Yawancin duwatsun da ke cikin Cairngorms National Park na cikin Dalradian Supergroup, jerin yashi, laka da duwatsun dutse masu kauri waɗanda aka ajiye tsakanin kimanin shekaru miliyan 800 zuwa 600 da suka gabata a gefen tsohuwar nahiyar Laurentia .  Duwatsun da aka danganta da Moine Supergroup yanzu suna faruwa ne a gefen arewa maso yammacin wurin shakatawa. Waɗannan magabatan Dalradian da Moine sun kasance masu rauni sosai, sun naɗe kuma sun canza siffarsu a lokacin Caledonian Orogeny tsakanin kimanin shekaru miliyan 490 zuwa 430 da suka gabata.  Masana ilimin ƙasa sun fahimci wani 'abin da ya faru na Grampian', wanda ya shafi kusan shekaru miliyan 470 da suka gabata, wanda shine ya haifar da farkon lalacewar Dalradian kuma yana da alaƙa da karo na wani tsibiri mai aman wuta da Laurentia tsawon kimanin shekaru miliyan 20. Haɗarin Baltica da Laurentia da ya biyo baya ya haifar da 'abin da ya faru na Scandinavia' wanda ya haɗa da ƙarin naɗewa da kuma lalata jerin duwatsun Dalradian. Kurakuran Great Glen, Ericht-Laidon da Glen Tilt duk suna aiki a matsayin kurakuran zamewa a wannan lokacin kuma wataƙila sun taka rawa wajen barin manyan duwatsun dutse su tashi a tsakanin duwatsun Dalradian sannan su yi sanyi a wurin. 

Mafi girman waɗannan plutons shine girman granite wanda ya samar da Cairngorms da kansu kuma wanda aka gina shi kimanin shekaru miliyan 427 da suka gabata. Ana tsammanin an cire pluton ɗin daga rufin cikin shekaru miliyan 20 da aka gina shi kuma yanayin Cairngorms na yanzu ya fara samuwa shekaru miliyan 390 da suka gabata. Shaida ta nuna cewa granite ɗin da ke saman an fara samunsa ne a zurfin tsakanin 4 da 7.&nbsp;km. 

Banda ƙaramin dutsen da ke cikin tsohon dutsen Red Sandstone, babu wasu ƙananan duwatsu masu ƙarfi a cikin wurin shakatawa na ƙasa. Duk da haka, shekarun ƙanƙara na shekaru miliyan 2.5 da suka gabata sun bar tambarinsu ta fuskar zaizayar ƙasa da kuma yanayin wurin adanawa. Abubuwan da suka biyo bayan ƙanƙara sun haɗa da peat da zamiya .

## Manazarta