open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kema Chikwe

**Kemafo Nonyerem "Kema" Chikwe** tsohuwar ministar sufurin jiragen sama ce a tarayyar Najeriya . A halin yanzu tana riƙe da muƙamin shugabar mata ta ƙasa a jam'iyyar siyasar Najeriya ta PDP.

Chikwe ta fara makaranta tun tana ƴar shekara biyar a garin Aba da ke jihar Abia a yanzu . Ta yi karatun Faransanci a Advanced Teachers' College, Owerri . Sannan ta halarci Kwalejin Sarauniya a Jami'ar City ta New York inda ta sami digiri a Faransanci. Ta samu digirin digirgir daga Jami’ar Najeriya, Nsukka, a fannin ilimin manhaja. Chikwe ta zama ƴar jarida ta rediyo, edita kuma mawallafiya. Ta kasance shugabar zartarwa kuma mawallafiya, Prime Time Limited, masu buga mujallar Ash. Ta buga littattafai uku, ta gyara wallafe-wallafe da yawa kuma ta ba da gudummawa ga littattafai da yawa. 

Ta shiga cikin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da dama, inda ta fara shiga siyasa a jamhuriya ta biyu. Ta'aziyyarta ga jam'iyyar NPN ta ƙasa. Daga baya ta kaɗa kuri’arta a siyasance da NRC, UNCP da PDP a yanzu.  Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo ya naɗa ta a matsayin ministar sufuri, sannan kuma ta sufurin jiragen sama, inda ta riƙe muƙamin har zuwa watan Mayun shekara ta, 2003. Daga baya ta ci gaba da tsayawa takarar gwamnan jihar Imo. A cikin shekara ta, 2009 ta zama jakadiyar Najeriya a Ireland. 

Ita ce kuma mahaifiyar mawaƙiyar Najeriya Naeto C. 

## Nassoshi
Chukwuma Azikiwe

Cif **Chukwuma Bamidele Azikiwe** (an haife shi a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1940 -ya mutu a ranar 10 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2015) jami'in diflomasiyyar Najeriya ne kuma jigo a siyasa . Shi ne na biyu **Owelle-Osowa-Anya** na Onitsha kuma babban ɗan shugaban kasa Nnamdi Azikiwe, wanda ya fara riƙe da sarauta.

## Ilimi da aikin siyasa
Azikiwe ya yi karatu a kwalejin Harvard inda ya shiga harkar tsere da fage (tsalle mai tsayi) kuma ya kammala a shekara ta 1963. Ya sauke karatu daga Harvard Business School a shekara ta 1964. Ya tsaya takarar gwamnan jihar Anambra a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar Social Democratic Party a shekarar 1991.  Bayan mahaifinsa ya rasu a shekara ta 1996, ya gaje shi a matsayin Owelle-Osowa-Anya na Onitsha na biyu.

## Mutuwa
Azikiwe ya rasu ne a asibitin Borommeo da ke Onitsha a ranar 10 ga Mayun shekara ta 2015 yana da shekaru 75 a duniya. An ce ya sha fama da matsalar numfashi kafin rasuwarsa.  Yayin da gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta nuna sha'awarta ta yi masa jana'izar jana'izar da wasu gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya (Lagos, Anambra, Enugu, Oyo, da Kaduna) suka dauki nauyin gudanar da binne shi a wancan lokacin,  an dauki nauyin binne shi. gwamnatin jihar Anambra.

## Manazarta
Abubakar Iro Danmusa

**Iro Abubakar Danmusa** (an haife shi a ranar talatin da daya 31 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 1935 - ya mutu a ranar goma  Sha hudu 14 ga watan Agustan Shekarar 2010) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma tsohon ministan babban birnin tarayya. Ya yi fice a gwamnatin Shehu Shagari, ya riƙe muƙamin ministan raya zamantakewa, matasa da wasanni (1979-1981), karamin ministan kudi (1981), ministan sufurin jiragen sama (1981-1982) da ministan babban birnin tarayya ta shekarar alif  1982-1983

Dan musa haifaffen garin Safana dake Arewacin Najeriya, ya samu ilimin gaba daya ta hanyar karantar da kansa sannan ya wuce Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello . Ya fara aikin gwamnati, ya fara aiki a Katsina Native Authority kafin ya koma jihar Arewa ta tsakiya . Batun siyasarsa ya fara ne a shekarar 1977 lokacin da ya zama dan majalisar wakilai, sannan ya kafa tantinsa da jam’iyyar National Party of Nigeria a zaɓen shekarar 1979. A cikin 1982, ya gaji John Kadiya a matsayin ministan babban birnin tarayya, a lokacin, gundumomi biyu a cikin babban birnin tarayya shirin yana gab da kammalawa. A lokacin mulkin, an mayar da hankali ne kan bunƙasa ababen more rayuwa a gundumar da aka karama daga baya aka fi sani da Garki, wannan gundumar za ta dauki ma'aikatan gwamnati na farko da ma'aikatan gine-gine. Daya kuma ita ce gundumar Arewa-maso-Yamma (Wuse) wadda ita ma ta kusa karewa. 

A lokacin jamhuriya ta hudu, Danmusa ya kasance mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar PDP na kasa a shekarar ta alif.1999. A 2006, ya kasance memba a kwamitin amintattu na PDP  kuma shi ne kodinetan yakin neman zaben gwamna Victor Attah da bai yi nasara ba. 

Ya fito ne daga dangi mai daraja daga dogon layin gidan Abubakar Danmusa wanda aka fi sani da Yandakawa wanda kakanninsu za a iya samo su a ƙasar Mali. Shi ne na 6 da aka haifa cikin yara 27. Mahaifinsa Alhaji Abubakar Danmusa shi ne sarkin garin Danmusa a jihar Katsina wanda a zahiri ba daga nan yake ba amma ya yi hijira tare da iyalansa.

## Manazarta
BBC (Igbo)

**British Broadcasting Corporation** (BBC) (Igbo) Yaren Igbo ne a hidimar Sashen Duniya na BBC wanda ake nufi da farko ga al'ummomin masu jin yaren Igbo a Najeriya da kuma mazauna kasashen waje. Yana daga cikin sabbin harsuna 12 da aka saka a cikin ayyukan BBC da sauran harsunan Afaan Oromo, Amharic, Gujarati, Yoruba, Korean, Marathi, Pidgin, Punjabi, Telugu da Tigrinya.

## Tahiri
A ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 2018 BBC ta kaddamar da (British Broadcasting Corporation) BBC Igbo. Wannan wani ɓangare ne na aikin faɗaɗawa wanda ya ɗauki ƙarin sabbin harsuna goma sha biyu. Gwamnatin Burtaniya ce ta tallafa wa ayyukan ta Ofishin Harkokin Waje da Commonwealth (FCO) tare da saka hannun jari na fam miliyan 289. Ana kiran wannan faɗaɗawa mafi girma na BBC tun 1940's kuma nasarar da BBC Hausa ta samu da aka yi shekaru sittin da suka gabata ya haifar da shigar da harshen Igbo. Tony Hall, Darakta Janar na BBC ya ce:( Wannan rana ce mai tarihi ga BBC, yayin da muke sanar da fadada Sashen Duniya mafi girma tun daga shekarun 1940. Sashen Duniya na BBC wani abin ado ne a cikin rawani - don BBC da Biritaniya.Har ila yau, shugaban BBC na yammacin Afirka, Oluwatoyosi Ogunseye ya bayyana mahimmancin ƙara ƙarin harsunan gida ga ayyukan BBC. Ya ce:Mun yi shekaru da yaCorporation,British (Broadcasting Corporation) BBC Hausa [wanda ake magana da shi a arewacin Najeriya] shekaru da yawa kuma mun ga tasirin da ta yi da masu sauraronta.

## Watsawa
Matar Nnamdi kanu  ( Biafra Separatist) ita ce ta farko da BBC Igbo ta yi hira da ita.Kamfanin labarai za su ba da rahoton labarai ta fuskar gaskiya ban da batutuwan da suka shafi wasanni, nishadantarwa, kasuwanci, lafiya, ilimi da kuma mata. a cikin harshen Igbo kawai. Jagoran Edita na aikin, Peter Okwoche ya bayyana cewa:

## BBC
Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Biritaniya shi ne mai watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shirye na kasa na Burtaniya, mai tushe a Gidan Watsa Labarai na London.

## Manazarta
Masarautar Karaye

**Masarautar Karaye** masarauta ce a jihar Kano mai hedikwata a garin Ƙaraye. Sarkin Ƙaraye na yanzu shine Alhaji Dr. Ibrahim Abubakar II.

## Tarihi
Garin Ƙaraye hedikwatar masarautar Ƙaraye ce kuma tana yammacin birnin Kano. Tun kafin zuwan Bagauda a shekarar 999, Magurguji ke zaune a Karaye. An kafa garin Ƙaraye a shekara ta 1085. Daga shekarar 1101 zuwa 1793, sarakunan Habe sun yi sarautar Ƙaraye. A zamanin sarakunan Habe, masarautar Karaye ta kara faɗaɗa zuwa yankin Yamma da Arewacin Jihar Kano da ke yanzu.

### Dangantaka da Kano
A lokacin da Majalisar Bagauda ke mulki a Kano sun nemi haɗin kan maƙwabciyarsu Masarautar Karaye domin haɗa ƙarfi da ƙarfe domin kare kansu daga wasu masarautu irinsu Zariya da Katsina da Sakkwato . Ƙaraye ta amince ya bada hadin kai da gidan Bagauda inda Ƙaraye ya koma masarautar Kano . Daga lokacin da Karaye yake ƙarƙashin masarautar Kano har zuwan Sarakunan Fulani bayan Jihadin Usman Dan Fodio.

### Masarautar Ƙaraye A Yanzu
Masarautar Ƙaraye ta ci gaba da kasancewa a ƙarƙashin Daular Kano har zuwa shekarar 2020 lokacin da gwamnatin jihar Kano ta fitar da wasu sabbin masarautu guda biyar tare da sauya tsarin masarautar Kano. A wancan lokacin gwamnatin Kano ta dawo da sabuwar Masarautar Karaye.  Masarautar Ƙaraye ta ƙunshi ƙananan hukumomi takwas na jihar Kano, Karaye, Rogo, Gwarzo, Kabo, Rimin Gado, Madobi, Kiru da Shanono.

## Nassoshi
Yellow River

Kogin **Yellow** ko **Huang He** (Sinanci:, Mandarin: *Huáng hé* [xwǎ ŋ xɤ ̌]  shi ne kogi na biyu mafi tsayi a kasar Sin,  bayan kogin Yangtze, kuma tsarin kogi na shida mafi tsayi a duniya wanda aka kiyasta ya kai    Ya samo asali ne daga tsaunin Bayan Har na lardin Qinghai na yammacin kasar Sin, ya ratsa larduna tara, kuma ya ratsa cikin tekun Bohai da ke kusa da birnin Dongying na lardin Shandong. Kogin Yellow River yana da iyakar gabas-yamma na kimanin kilomita  da kuma iyakar arewa-kudu kusan   Gabaɗayan magudanar ruwa ya kai  .

Kogin Yellow River shi ne wurin haifuwar tsohuwar kasar Sin, kuma, a faɗakar, wayewar Far Eastern,  kuma shi ne yanki mafi wadata a farkon tarihin kasar Sin. Ana kuma samun yawaitar ambaliyar ruwa da sauye-sauyen yanayi ta hanyar ci gaba da hawan River bed, wani lokaci sama da matakin filayen gonakin da ke kewaye.

## Asalin kalmar
Littattafan farko na kasar Sin ciki har da *Yu Gong* ko *Tribute na Yu* tun daga zamanin Jihohin Warring (475-221)&nbsp;BC) yana nufin kogin Yellow a matsayin kawai河( Old Chinese: ** C.gˤaj*,  Mandarin na zamani na Beijing:/  / ko kuma a cikin pinyin *Hé* ), halin da ya zo da ma'anar "kogi" a amfani da zamani. Shaida da wuri na sunan黃河( Gabashin Han na Sin: **ɣuaŋ-gɑi*;  Sinanci ta Tsakiya: *Huang Ha*  ) a cikin Harshen Gabas ta *Hannun Kongcongzi*孔叢子 "The Many Kong Family Master's Anthology",  An danganta shi ga zuriyar Confucius Kong Fu 孔鮒 (c. 264-208 KZ).  Ma'anar "yellow" tana kwatanta launi na tsawon shekaru na ruwan laka a cikin ƙananan hanyar kogin, wanda ke tasowa daga ƙasa (loess) da ake ɗauka a ƙasa.  Launin sa Yellow da matsayi na tsakiya a kasar Sin suna da alaƙa a cikin kwatance na kadinal na gargajiya.

Ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin sunayen na Mongolian shine "Kogin Black",  saboda kogin yana gudana a fili kafin ya shiga cikin Loess Plateau, amma sunan kogin a halin yanzu tsakanin Mongolians na ciki shine *Ȟatan Gol* (Хатан гол, "Kogin Sarauniya").  A cikin Mongolia kanta, ana kiranta kawai *Šar Mörön* (Шар мөрөн, "Kogin Yellow").  An ambaci kogin a cikin stele Kul Tigin a matsayin "Kogin Green" (Tsohon Turkic : *yašïl ügüz*, 𐰖𐱁𐰞𐰽𐰺). 

A Qinghai, sunan Tibet kogin shine "Kogin dawisu" (Tibetan)

## Manazarta
Acid

**Acid kwayar** halitta ce ko ion mai iya ba da gudummawar proton (watau hydrogen ion, H +), wanda aka sani da *Brønsted*-Lowry acid, ko samar da haɗin gwiwa tare da nau'in electron, wanda aka sani da Lewis acid. 

Kashi na farko na acid sune masu ba da gudummawar proton, ko Brønsted-Lowry acid. A cikin yanayin musamman na maganin ruwa, masu ba da gudummawar proton suna samar da hydronium ion H 3 O + kuma an san su da acid Arrhenius. Brønsted da Lowry sun haɗa ka'idar Arrhenius don haɗa da kaushi marasa ruwa. Brønsted ko Arrhenius acid yawanci yana ƙunshe da atom na hydrogen da aka haɗe da tsarin sinadarai wanda har yanzu yana da kuzari bayan asarar H +.

Aqueous Arrhenius acid yana da  halayen da ke ba da bayanin aiki na acid.  Acids suna samar da mafita mai ruwa tare da ɗanɗano mai tsami, suna iya juya launin shuɗi litmus ja, kuma suna amsawa tare da tushe da wasu ƙarfe (kamar calcium) don samar da gishiri. Kalmar *acid* ta samo asali ne daga Latin  , ma'ana 'mai tsami'.  Maganin ruwa mai ruwa na acid yana da pH kasa da 7 kuma ana kiransa da baki a matsayin "acid" (kamar yadda yake cikin "narkar da acid"), yayin da ma'anar tana nufin kawai solute.  Ƙananan pH yana nufin mafi girma **acidity**, kuma ta haka ne mafi girma taro na tabbataccen ions hydrogen a cikin bayani. An ce sinadarai ko abubuwan da ke da mallakar **acid**.

Ruwan ruwa na yau da kullun sun haɗa da acid hydrochloric (maganin hydrogen chloride wanda ke samuwa a cikin acid gastric a cikin ciki kuma yana kunna enzymes masu narkewa), acetic acid (vinegar shine bayani mai tsarma ruwa na wannan ruwa), sulfuric acid (amfani da batira na mota). da citric acid (samuwa a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa citrus). Kamar yadda waɗannan misalan suka nuna, acid (a cikin ma'anar magana) na iya zama mafita ko abubuwa masu tsafta, kuma ana iya samun su daga acid (a cikin ma'anar  mai ƙarfi) waɗanda suke da ƙarfi, ruwa, ko gas. Acids mai ƙarfi da wasu ƙarancin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi suna lalata, amma akwai keɓancewa kamar carboranes da boric acid.

Kashi na biyu na acid shine Lewis acids, wanda ke samar da haɗin gwiwa tare da nau'in electron. Misali shi ne boron trifluoride (BF 3 ), wanda boron atom yana da sarari sarari wanda zai iya samar da haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar raba guda biyu na electrons akan atom a cikin tushe, misali nitrogen atom a cikin ammonia (NH 3 ). Lewis ya ɗauki wannan a matsayin ma'anar Brønsted gabaɗaya, ta yadda acid wani nau'in sinadari ne wanda ke karɓar nau'ikan electron kai tsaye *ko* ta hanyar sakin protons (H + ) a cikin maganin, sannan su karɓi nau'ikan electron. Hydrogen chloride, acetic acid, da mafi yawan sauran Brønsted-Lowry acid ba za su iya samar da haɗin kai tare da nau'in electron ba, duk da haka, don haka ba Lewis acid ba ne.  Sabanin haka, yawancin acid na Lewis ba Arrhenius ko Brønsted-Lowry acid ba ne. A cikin kalmomi na zamani, *acid* a fakaice Brønsted acid ne ba Lewis acid ba, tunda kusan ko da yaushe masanan suna nufin Lewis acid a sarari a *matsayin Lewis acid.*

## Manazarta

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Catalysis

**Catalysis** (/kəˈtæləɪs/) shine hanyoyi na haɓaka ƙimar sinadarai ta hanyar ƙara wani abu da aka sani da mai **kara kuzari**   (/ˈkætəlɪst). Ba a cinye masu kara kuzari a cikin abin da ya faru kuma ba su canzawa bayan sa. Idan abin ya yi sauri kuma mai kara kuzari ya sake yin fa'ida da sauri, ƙananan adadin kuzari yakan isa;  hadawa, wuri mai faɗi, da zafin jiki sune mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin ƙimar amsawa. Masu kara kuzari gabaɗaya suna amsawa tare da ɗaya ko fiye masu amsawa don samar da matsakaici waɗanda daga baya suna ba da samfurin amsawa na ƙarshe, a cikin aiwatar da sake haɓaka mai kara kuzari.

Ana iya rarraba catalysis azaman ko dai homogeneous, wanda aka tarwatsa aka gyara a cikin lokaci guda (yawanci gaseous ko ruwa) kamar yadda reactant, ko iri-iri, wanda aka gyara ba a cikin lokaci guda. Enzymes da sauran biocatalysts galibi ana ɗaukarsu azaman rukuni na uku.

Catalysis yana ko'ina a cikin masana'antar sinadarai na kowane nau'i. Ƙididdiga sun nuna cewa kashi 90% na duk samfuran sinadarai da aka samar a kasuwa sun haɗa da abubuwan haɓakawa a wani mataki na aiwatar da su.

Kalmar "catalyst" ta samo asali ne daga Girkanci , *kataluein*, ma'ana "sake" ko "kwance". Masana kimiyya Elizabeth Fulhame ne suka kirkiro manufar catalysis, bisa ga aikinta na littafin a cikin gwaje-gwajen rage iskar shaka.  

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## Manazarta
Sunday Fajinmi

**Sunday Olawale Fajinmi** ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne kuma ɗan kasuwa.

## Ilimi
Fajinmi ya kammala karatunsa na gaba a jami'ar Teesside kuma ya ci gaba da ba da hidimar ƙasa a matsayin memba na National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) a loƙacin da yake aiki a Nigerian Airways . 

## Sana'a
An zaɓi Fajinmi Sanata mai wakiltar mazaɓar Osun ta Yamma a jihar Osun a Najeriya a farkon jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, inda ya tsaya takara a karkashin jam'iyyar Alliance for Democracy (AD). Ya fara aiki a ranar 29 ga Mayu 1999. 

## Sana'ar siyasa

An zaɓi Sanata Sunday Olawale Fajinmi a matsayin Sanata a shekarar 1998 mai wakiltar mazaɓar Osun ta yamma a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar United Nigeria Congress Party (UNCP) a loƙacin mulkin Janar Sani Abacha na mulkin soja. Bayan an dawo da mulkin dimokuraɗiyya, a watan Yunin 1999 aka sake zaɓensa a matsayin Sanata, Osun ta yamma a kan dandalin kawancen dimokradiyya inda ya doke Isiaka Adetunji Adeleke na jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party. 

Yayin da yake majalisar dattijai, an naɗa shi a kwamitocin Kimiyya & Fasaha, Sufuri, Jiha & Kananan Hukumomi (Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙasa), Watsa Labarai, Harkokin Gwamnati da Harkokin Tattalin Arziki.  A watan Disambar 2005 ya koma jam'iyyar PDP mai mulki. 

Fajinmi ya kasance dan takarar gwamna na jam’iyyar Alliance for Democracy a zaɓen jihar Osun da aka gudanar ranar 9 ga watan Agustan 2014. 

## Manazarta
Makirifo

**Makirifo**, wanda ake kira da **mic** ko **mike** (maɪk/),  mai fassara ne wanda ke canza sauti zuwa siginar lantarki. Ana amfani da makirufo a cikin aikace-aikace da yawa kamar wayar tarho, na'urorin ji, tsarin adireshi na jama'a da ɗakunan kide-kide da abubuwan da suka faru na jama'a, samar da hoton motsi, aikin injiniya mai  rikodin kai tsaye, rikodin na sauti, two-way radio, megaphones, da watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo da talabijin. Ana kuma amfani da su a cikin kwamfutoci don yin rikodin na murya, fahimtar magana, VoIP, da sauran dalilai kamar na'urori masu auna firikwensin ultrasonic ko na'urori masu ƙwanƙwasa.
Ana amfani da nau'ikan makirufo da yawa a yau, waɗanda ke amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don musanya bambance-bambancen matsa lamba na iska zuwa siginar lantarki. Mafi na kowa shi ne makirufo mai ƙarfi, wanda ke amfani da igiyar waya da aka dakatar a cikin filin maganadisu; makirufo mai ɗaukar hoto, wanda kuma ke amfani da diaphragm mai girgiza a matsayin farantin capacitor; da makirufo mai lamba, wanda ke amfani da crystal na kayan piezoelectric. Marufofi yawanci suna buƙatar haɗawa da na'urar tantancewa kafin a iya yin rikodin ko sake buga siginar.

## Manazarta
Gombe Abba

Modibbo Buba yero, dalibin Usman Dan Fodiyo ne ya kafa **Gombe-Abba**, bayan yakin jihadi na 1804. Tana da nisan kilomita daga babbar hanyar Gombe zuwa Kano, kusa da kogi kuma a kan wani wuri mai tudu. Gombe Abba ita ce hedkwatar masarautar Gombe ta farko kuma wata yanki ce da ba a iya rabuwa da ita a tarihin Gombe.

## Tarihi
Bayan kafa masarautar Gombe da Buba Yero ya yi, ya mai da Gombe Aba hedkwatarsa, ya fara mamaye kasar nan ta hanyar yakin Jukun da Pindiga da Kalam, ciki har da kasashen Tangale da Waja. Gombe Abba ta ƙunshi kuma ya ji daɗin  masarautar.   

Sai dai kuma da nasarar mamaye masarautar Gombe cikin lumana a shekarar 1903 da Turawan mulkin mallaka na Ingila karkashin mulkin Umaru Kwairanga (1898-1922) suka yi ya kawo karshen ci gaban Gombe Abba. Turawan mulkin mallaka na Ingila sun gano cewa Gombe-Abba ba ta da alaka da sauran masarautun wanda hakan ya sa sabuwar gwamnati ta yi musu wahala. 

A shekarar 1913 turawan ingila yan mulkin mallaka suka koma garin Nafada sannan kuma suka umurci sarki Umaru ya bisu. Bayan shekaru shida, Turawan mulkin mallaka na Ingila suka koma Gombe ta yau, domin a samu saukin tafiyar da al’ummar Tangale-Waja da Dadiya, waɗanda ke kudancin Gombe.  

Sai dai kuma tafiyar sarkin ya yi sanadin faɗuwar fitaccen garin Gombe Abba.

## Sarakuna
Kafin mayar da masarautar Gombe zuwa inda take a Gombe, sarakuna bakwai da suka hada da wanda ya kafa, Modibbo Bubayero, sun yi sarauta daga Gombe-Abba. 

Sarakuna bakwai da suka yi sarauta a garin Gombe-Abba su ne:

* **Bubayero (1824 – 1841)** – ya yi mulki tun daga lokacin da ya rasu har zuwa rasuwarsa kuma aka binne shi a Gombe Abba.
* **Sarki Sulaiman (1841-1844)** - ya gaji Bubayero. Shi ne ɗan fari kuma ya yi mulki shekara uku kacal kafin ya rasu a Kano a zamansa na komawa Gombe-Abba daga Sakkwato, kuma aka binne shi a can.
* **Sarki Muhammad Kwairanga (1844-1882)** - dan uwa ne ga Sarki Sulaimanu kuma ya yi mulki na tsawon shekaru 38. Bayan rasuwarsa, an binne shi a kusa da kabarin mahaifinsa da ke Gombe Abba.
* **Sarki Abdulkadir Zailani (1882-1888)** - shi ne babban dan sarki Mihammad Kwairanga. Ya rasu bayan shekara shida akan karagar mulki; an yi jana'izarsa a garin Birin Bolewa.
* **Sarki Hassan (1888-1895)**- dan uwan Zailani, ya hau karagar mulki ya rasu bayan ya yi mulki na tsawon shekaru bakwai kacal, an binne shi a Dukku .
* **Sarki Tukur (1895-1898)** - shi ne Sarki na karshe da ya mulki Gombe a matsayin wani bangare na Khalifancin Sakkwato. Ya rasu bayan shekara uku kacal ya yi sarauta kuma aka binne shi kusa da kabarin mahaifinsa da kakansa.
* **Saboda haka, Sarki Umaru (1898-1922)** - ya gaji sarki Tukur kuma shi ne sarki na karshe da ya yi amfani da Gombe-Abba a matsayin babban birnin ƙasar. A zamaninsa ne turawan ingila suka mamaye masarautar Gombe cikin lumana tare da umarce shi da ya koma garin Nafada daga baya har zuwa yau Gombe.

## Manazarta
Aliyu Datti

**Mohammed Aliyu Datti** (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1982) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba. 

## Sana'a
Aliyu ya fara aiki tare da Padova . 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*  
* sinaprofile
* Footgoal Profile
Ahmed Mohammed Inuwa

**Ahmed Mohammed Inuwa** dan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma injiniyan farar hula wanda aka zabe shi a majalisar dattawan Najeriya a shekara ta 2003 a karkashin jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) mai wakiltar mazabar Kwara ta Arewa ta jihar Kwara . Yana jinyar burinsa na tsayawa takarar gwamna a jihar Kwara a shekarar 2011. Yanzu haka kati ne dauke da dan jam’iyyar All Progressive Congress.

## Fage
An haifi Ahmed Mohammed Inuwa a ranar 19 ga Satumba 1948. Ya yi digirin farko a fannin gwamnati daga Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya, da difloma a fannin harkokin ci gaba a Jami’ar Birmingham da ke Birtaniya da kuma Mni (Member National Institute) daga Cibiyar Nazarin Siyasa da Dabaru ta Kasa da ke Kuru, Nijeriya, Jos . . 

## Aikin majalisar dattawa
An zabi mohammed Inuwa a matsayin dan majalisar dattawa ta kasa mai wakiltar mazabar Kwara ta arewa a shekarar 2003 sannan aka sake zabe a shekarar 2007. An nada shi a kwamitocin ilimi, al'adu da yawon shakatawa, kasafi, noma da lafiya .  A tsakiyar wa'adinsa na biyu, ya kaddamar da wani kudiri na neman "Kafa Chartered Pension Institute of Nigeria". 

## Manazarta
Chukwuma Frank Ibezim

**Chukwuma Frank Ibezim** (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Disamba, shekarar 1964) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne  kuma sanata a halin yanzu mai wakiltar yankin Sanata ta Arewa a jihar Imo a majalisar dokokin Najeriya.  Ɗan APC ne mai mulkin ƙasar.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi

An haifi Ibezim ga Sir Hezekiah da Lady Priscilla Ibezim a Ezeoke Nsu, ƙaramar hukumar Ehime Mbano a jihar Imo. Ya yi karatun firamare a St. Stephens Primary School Umuahia sannan ya ƙara samun takardar shedar kammala jarrabawar sa ta West African Examinations Council (WAEC) daga makarantar Uboma a shekarar 1980. Ibezim ya sami digiri na farko a fannin ilimin kimiyyar masana'antu a shekarar 1987 a Jami'ar Jihar Imo kuma ya kammala aikin yi wa matasa hidima na kasa (NYSC) na shekara daya a shekarar 1989 a Kamfanin Bottling na Najeriya (Coca-Cola) Port Harcourt . 

## Sana'a
Ayyukan Ibezim a baya sun haɗa da zama kwamishinan noma da albarkatun ƙasa na jihar Imo tsakanin shekarar 2014 zuwa 2015. Mai ba da shawara na musamman (Siyasa) ga Ƙaramin Ministan Ilimi tsakanin shekara ta 2015 zuwa 2019. 

## Rayuwar Siyasa
A ciki&nbsp;2010 Ibezim ya yi burin wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Okigwe ta kudu a majalisar wakilai, amma bai yi nasara ba. Daga baya aka naɗa shi Darakta, tuntuɓa da wayar da kan jama’a ta All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP).

A shekarar 2013, Ibezim ya shiga cikin waɗanda ake ganin su ne suka kafa jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress (APC), jam’iyya mai mulki a Najeriya. 

A shekarar 2019, BBC a cikin harshen Igbo ta ba da rahoton rasuwar Benjamin Uwajumogu, Sanata mai wakiltar Imo ta Arewa a Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa a lokacin,  Ibezim ya nuna sha'awar a tsakanin sauran 'yan takara don cike gurbin da matattu na Uwajumogu ya haifar a cikin kujera. Imo North a majalisar tarayya.

## Rigingimu
A yayin da yake neman takarar Sanata, wata babbar kotun Najeriya a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 2020 ta kori Ibezim daga mukaminsa sakamakon zarge-zargen da ake yi na yin bogi da yin bogi; kuma an yanke hukuncin ne don goyon bayan abokin hamayyarsa na siyasa, Sanata Ifeanyi Godwin Ararume .  Amma a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2021, Kotun Koli, Kotun Koli ta Najeriya ta soke korar Ibezim da aka yi, bisa hujjar cewa karar da ta kai ga soke Ibezim, ta kasance cikin doka saboda ba a shigar da ita cikin lokacin da aka kayyade ba.  A ranar 27 ga Afrilu bayan wannan shekarar, an rantsar da Ibezim a majalisar dattawa a hukumance.

## Manazarta
Zaɓen gwamnan jihar Osun, 2014

An **gudanar da zaben gwamnan jihar Osun a shekarar 2014** a Najeriya ranar 9 ga watan Agustan 2014, dan takarar jam'iyyar APC t Aregbesola ya sake lashe zaben, inda ya doke Iyiola Omisore na jam'iyyar PDP.

Rauf Aregbesola ya koma APC ne bayan an dawo da shi a matsayin dan takara ɗaya tilo. Ya zabi Titilayo Laoye-Tomori a matsayin abokin takararsa. Iyiola Omisore shi ne dan takarar PDP tare da Adejare Bello a matsayin abokin takararsa.  Ƴan takara 20 ne suka fafata a zaɓen. 

The Governor of Osun State is elected using the plurality voting system.

## Zaɓen firamare

### Zaɓen firamare na APC
Rauf Aregbesola ya lashe zaben fidda gwani bayan ya fito babu hamayya.

### Zaɓen firamare na PDP
An gudanar da zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar PDP a ranar 5 ga watan Afrilun 2014. Iyiola Omisore ya lashe zaɓen fidda gwani da kuri’u 1,128 da wasu ‘yan takara 3. Abokin hamayyar sa shine Olasunkanmi Akinlabi wanda ya samu kuri'u 45, Wole Oke ya samu kuri'u 4 yayin da Isiaka Adeleke ya janye.

## Sakamako
Ƴan takara 20 ne suka yi rajista da Hukumar Zaɓe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Ƙasa domin yin takara a zaɓen.   

Adadin masu kada kuri'a 1,407,222 ne suka yi rajista a zaɓen.

## Manazarta
Placid Njoku

**Placid Njoku** (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 1947) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda a halin yanzu yake riƙe da muƙamin mataimakin gwamnan jihar Imo .  Kotun Ƙoli ta soke zaɓen Emeka Ihedioha tare da abokin takararsa Hope Uzodinma (gwamna) ne aka naɗa shi.   A baya Placid Njoku ya taɓa zama mataimakin shugaban jami'ar noma ta farko na Michael Okpara dake jihar Abia. 

## Shekaru na farko
Shi ɗan asalin karamar hukumar Ikeduru ne a Owerri jihar Imo .  Njoku ya je ya kammala karatunsa ne a Jami’ar Aikin Gona ta Michael Okpara da ke Jihar Imo daga baya ya yi aiki a makarantar kuma ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban Jami’ar na farko. Ya samu ɗaukaka daga nan. 

## Siyasa
Hope Uzodinma ne ya zaɓi Placid Njoku a matsayin abokin takararsa a cikin wasu ƴan takara huɗ a jam’iyyar APC ta jihar Imo . 

## Nassoshi
Printing

**Printing**  tsari ne don yawan sake buga rubutu da hotuna ta amfani da babban tsari ko samfuri. Farkon samfuran da ba takarda ba da suka haɗa da bugu sun haɗa da hatimin silinda da abubuwa kamar Cyrus Cylinder da Silinda na Nabonidus. Sigar da aka fi sani da bugu kamar yadda aka yi amfani da ita a takarda ita ce  woodblock printing, wanda ta bayyana a China kafin 220 AD don buga zane. Duk da haka, ba za a yi amfani da shi a takarda ba har sai karni na bakwai.  Daga baya abubuwan da suka faru a fasahar printing sun haɗa da nau'in motsi wanda Bi Sheng ya ƙirƙira a wajajen shekara ta 1040 AD  da kuma na'urar bugawa da Johannes Gutenberg ya ƙirƙira a ƙarni na 15. Fasahar bugu ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ci gaban juyin-juya-hali da juyin-juya-hali na kimiya da kuma kafa ginshikin tattalin arziki na zamani wanda ya dogara da ilimin zamani da yaɗa ilmantarwa ga al'umma. 

## Tarihi

### Woodblock printing
Woodblock printing wata dabara ce don buga rubutu, hotuna ko alamu waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a  ko'ina cikin Gabashin Asiya. Ta samo asali ne a kasar Sin a zamanin da a matsayin hanyar bugawa a kan yadudduka kuma daga baya a kan takarda. A matsayin hanyar bugu akan zane, misalai na farko da suka tsira daga China sun kasance kafin 220 AD.

## Manazarta
Sodiq Atanda

**Sodiq Atanda** (an haife shi ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, 1993) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin tsakiya ga Prishtina a Superleague na Kwallon Kafa na Kosovo .  

## Aikin kulob

### Partizani
A ranar 24 ga Disambar shekara ta 2015, Atanda ya shiga ƙungiyar Kategoria Superiore Partizani akan canja wuri kyauta bayan ƙarewar kwantiraginsa na Apolonia .  Ya buga wasansa na farko na gasar tare da kulob a ranar 30 ga Janairu na shekara mai zuwa, yana buga cikakken-90 mintuna a cikin nasarar gida 2-0 akan Laci . 

A cikin watan Afrilun shekara ta 2016, Atanda ya samar da wasan kwaikwayo mai karfi ta hanyar taimaka wa Partizani ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai tsabta guda uku a cikin matches 4, wanda ya yarda da sau ɗaya kawai, wanda ya taimaka masa ya sami Albanian Superliga Player of the Month . 

A ranar 27 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta 2017, ya amince da tsawaita kwangila, sanya hannu har zuwa Yuni 2019. 

### Hapoel Kfar Saba
A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2019, Atanda ya rattaba hannu kan Hapoel Kfar Saba . 

## Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Atanda ya buga wasanni 5 tare da ‘yan wasan Najeriya U23 . 

## Ƙididdigar sana'a

 

## Girmamawa

* Gwarzon dan wasan Albanian Superliga na Watan : Afrilu 2016 

## Bayanan kula

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Bayanan Bayani na AFA 
* Sodiq Atanda
Sodiq Suraj

**Sodiq Suraj** (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1988 a Oshogbo ) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ke taka leda a Arta/Solar7 .

## Sana'a
Sodiq Suraj ɗan wasan baya ne wanda kuma zai iya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida.   A cikin shekara ta 2008, ya taka leda a mataki na biyu na Serbia a cikin FK Partizan ta tauraron dan adam tawagar FK Teleoptik .   A cikin kakar 2012–13 ya buga wa OC Safi wasa a babban rukunin Maroccan.  A cikin watan Oktoban shekara ta 2013 ya sanya hannu tare da Duhok SC a gasar Premier ta Iraki .  A kakar wasa ta gaba, a cikin shekarar 2014, ya koma wani kulob na Iraqi, Naft Al-Wasat SC .  

### Matsayi
Matsayinsa na ɗabi'a shine mai tsaro kuma mai canzawa ne kuma mai karfi mai tsaro. Sodiq yana taka leda a matsayin Libero ko kuma Hagu gaba daya a tawagar kasar. 

## Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa
Sodiq Suraj ya buga wasa da Najeriya U-20 a gasar cin kofin matasa na nahiyar Afirka a shekarar 2007 inda suka yi rashin nasara a wasan karshe, wanda hakan ya sa suka samu tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya na ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru ashirin 20. Daga baya ya taka leda da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Najeriya 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 . at the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Canada a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 na shekarar 2007 a Canada  inda suka kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. 

## Girmamawa

; Najeriya U-20

* Wanda ya zo na karshe a Gasar Matasan Afirka ta 2007
* 'Yan Kwata-kwata na 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup 

## Manazarta
Dauda Izobo

**Dauda Izobo** (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Yuni na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da tamanin 1980A.c) ɗan damben Najeriya ne mai son .

## Sana'a
Izobo ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics na 2008 a nauyi mai nauyi a gasar AIBA ta Afirka ta 2008 ta biyu na cancantar shiga gasar Olympics .

Ya yi rashin nasara a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe a hannun Bastir Samir (4:10), amma ya doke Domfack Adjoufack inda ya samu matsayi na uku.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* cancanta
* Dauda Izobo's profile at ESPN Sports
Muhammad Sanusi Liman

**Muhammad Sanusi Liman** fitaccen malamin kasar Najeriya ne, farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar plasma kuma babban mataimakin shugaban jami'ar tarayya ta Lafia, jihar Nasarawa .

## Ilimi
Muhammad Sanusi Liman ya tafi Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, da ke jihar Bauchi inda ya karanta kuma ya sami shaidar B.Tech a shekara ta (1991) ya ci gaba da karatunsa na M.Sc a Jami'ar Jos a shekara ta 1997 sannan ya tafi Okayama . Jami'ar, a Japan don samun digiri na uku a shekara ta (2004). 

## Jikunan kwararru
Muhammad Sanusi Liman wani bangare ne na kwararru daban-daban waɗanda wasu daga cikinsu sun lissafo a ƙasa su ne kamar haka:

# Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Najeriya (MNATP),
# Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Najeriya (MNIP),
# Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Najeriya (MNAMP),
# Ƙungiyar Fasahar Plasma ta Afirka (MASPT),
# Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Japan (MJPS).

## Manazarta
Vajrayana

**Vajrayāna** (Sanskrit, "**thunderbolt vehicle**", "diamond vehicle", ko "indestructible vehicle"), tare da **Mantrayāna**, **Guhyamantrayāna**, 

Tantrayāna, secret **Mantra**, **Tantric Buddhism**, da **addinin Buddah na Esoteric**, sunaye ne da ke magana akan al'adun Buddha masu alaƙa da Tantra da "secret Mantra", wanda ya ci gaba a cikin tsakiyar Indiya  kuma ya bazu zuwa Tibet, Nepal, da sauran jihohin Himalayan, Gabashin Asiya, da Mongoliya.

Ayyukan Vajrayāna suna da alaƙa da ƙayyadaddun zuriya a cikin addinin Buddha, ta hanyar koyarwar masu riƙe da zuriya. Wasu na iya komawa ga matani a matsayin Buddhist Tantras.  Ya haɗa da ayyukan da ke amfani da mantras, dharanis, mudras, mandalas da hangen nesa na alloli da Buddha.

Majiyoyin Vajrayāna na al'ada sun ce Śākyamuni Buddha ne suka koyar da tantras da zuriyar Vajrayāna da sauran adadi irin su bodhisattva Vajrapani da Padmasambhava. Masana tarihi na zamani na nazarin addinin Buddha suna jayayya cewa wannan motsi ya samo asali ne daga zamanin daular Indiya ta tsakiya (kimanin karni na 5 CE zuwa gaba). 

A cewar nassosin Vajrayāna, kalmar *Vajrayāna* tana nufin ɗaya daga cikin three-vehicle ko hanyoyin zuwa wayewa, sauran biyun kuma su ne Śrāvakayāna (wanda aka fi sani da Hīnayāna) da Mahāyāna (a.k.a Pāramitāyāna).

Akwai al'adun addinin Buddha da yawa da ake aiwatar da su a halin yanzu, ciki har da addinin Buddha na Tibet, addinin Buddha na Esoteric na kasar Sin, Buddha na Shingon da addinin Buddah na Newar.

## Kalmomi

A cikin addinin Buddha na Tibet *da* ake yi a yankunan Himalayan na Indiya, Nepal, da Bhutan, Buddhist Tantra galibi ana *kiransa* *Vajrayāna* (*Tib*.  *Guhyamantra*, Tib. གསང་སྔགས་, *sang ngak*, Wyl. *gsang sngags*). Vajra wani makami ne na tatsuniya da ke da alaƙa da Indra wanda aka ce ba ya lalacewa kuma ba ya karyewa (kamar lu'u-lu'u) kuma mai matuƙar ƙarfi (kamar tsawa). Don haka, ana fassara kalmar daban-daban da   Diamond vehicle, Motar Thunderbolt, vehicle da ba ta lalacewa da sauransu.

addinin Buddah na Esoteric na kasar Sin gabaɗaya an san shi da kalmomi daban-daban kamar *Zhēnyan* (Sinanci: 真言, a zahiri "kalmar gaskiya", tana nufin mantra),  ko *Hanmì* (唐密 - 漢密," Tang Esotericism" ko "Han Esotericism") *. Mìzōng* (密宗, "Darikar Esoteric") ko *Mìjiao* (Sinanci: 密教; Koyarwar Esoteric). A Kalmar Sinanci *mì*密 ("asiri, esoteric") fassara ce ta kalmar Sanskrit *Guhya* ("asirin, ɓoye, mai zurfi, abstruse"). 

A Japan, an san esotericism na Buddha Mikkyō (密教, "koyarwar sirri") ko kuma ta kalmar Shingon (ma'anar Jafananci na *Zhēnyán* ), wanda kuma yana nufin wani takamaiman makaranta na *Shingon-shū* (真言宗).

## Manazarta
BBC Yoruba

British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) (Yoruba) sabis ne na Yarbanci na Sashen Duniya na BBC wanda ke da niyya ga al'ummomin Yarbawa da Jamhuriyar Benin da Togo na Najeriya da wasu kasashen Afirka da wasu tsirarun mutanen da ke zaune a kasashen waje. Yana ɗaya daga cikin sabbin harsuna 12 da aka ƙara zuwa shirye-shiryen BBC tare da Afaan Oromo, Amharic, Gujarati, Hausa, Igbo, Korean, Marathi, Pidgin, Punjabi, Telugu da Tigrinya.

## Tarihi

Fabrairu, 19 2018 ita ce ranar da BBC ta kaddamar da BBC Yoruba. Wannan wani bangare ne na fadada sabbin harsuna goma sha biyu a karkashin tallafin Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta hannun Ofishin Harkokin Waje da Commonwealth (FCO) tare da zuba jari na Fam miliyan Dari biyu da tamanin da tara 289. Ana kiran wannan faɗaɗawa mafi girma na BBC tun cikin alif dari tara da arba,in 1940's kuma ya haɗa harshen Yarbanci da wasu harsunan Najeriya kaɗan saboda nasarar da BBC Hausa ta samu da aka gabatar shekaru sittin da suka gabata. Babban darakta na BBC, Tony. Hall, ya ce a wani bangare cewa:Wannan rana ce mai cike da tarihi.ga BBC, yayin da muke sanar da fadada Sashen Duniya mafi girma tun daga shekarun 1940. Sashen Duniya na BBC abin ado ne a kambi - ga BBC da kuma Biritaniya.Har ila yau, shugaban BBC na yammacin Afirka, Oluwatoyosi Ogunseye ya jaddada mahimmancin ƙara harsunan gida a cikin ayyukan BBC. Ya ce:Muna da labarin BBC Hausa (Harshen Jihohin Arewa da ake magana da shi a Najeriya) shekaru da yawa kuma mun ga tasirin da ya yi da masu sauraronsa...Idan muka kalli Najeriya muna da al'umma mai al'adu daban-daban kuma BBC ta ga cewa yana da matukar muhimmanci. ba da duk wani dandali don sadarwa, dandalin yin hulɗa.

## Watsa shirye-shirye

Wole Soyinka shi ne mutum na farko da ya watsa wata hira da BBC, kan kalaman da tsoffin shugabannin Olusegun Obasanjo da Ibrahim Babangida suka yi da Soyinka na cewa ba zai taba hada kan sa da hadakar Obasanjo ta kasa ba.

## Cibiyar watsa labarai

Ofishin BBC a jihar Legas ita ce cibiyar watsa labarai ta BBC Yoruba da sauran sabbin ayyuka guda biyu; BBC Pidgin da BBC Igbo. An bude ofishin ne a watan Maris din shekarar 2018 bayan kafa karin sabbin Harsuna uku a Najeriya. Yana da gidan talabijin na TV, gidajen rediyo guda biyu da wurin da zai iya daukar mutane har 200. Ana kuma kallonta a matsayin hedkwatar BBC a yammacin Afirka.[15] Jamie Angus, Daraktan Sashen Duniya na BBC, ya halarci bikin kaddamar da ofishin, inda ya ce a wani bangare na cewa:Abin godiya ne a gare mu da muka zo a yau don buɗe wannan ofishin, wanda zai zama hedkwatar ayyukanmu a yammacin Afirka. Zai zama fitila ga aikin jarida kuma don haka ina farin cikin sanar da shirinmu na jagoranci da horarwa ga 'yan jarida masu tasowa. Wannan wani bangare ne na gudummawar da BBC ke bayarwa wajen bunkasa aikin yada labarai da kwarewa a Najeriya, da yaki da ‘Labaran karya’ – kuma za mu amfana da fahimtar matasan ‘yan jarida a Afirka ta Yamma.

## Magana
Jaya Prakash Reddy

**Jaya Prakash Reddy**  an haifeshi a ranar (10 ga watan Oktoba shekarar ta alif 1945&nbsp;-yamutu a ranar 8 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2020  ) ɗan wasan film  na Telugu  dake Indiya.  An haife shi a Sirvel, Andhra Pradesh, Indiya . An san shi da rawar da ya taka a *Samarasimha Reddy*, *Jayam Manade Raa da* *Chennakesava Reddy* . 

Reddy ya mutu a ranar 8 ga watan Satumba shekarar ta 2020 a gidansa da ke Guntur saboda kamawar zuciya, yana da shekara 74. 

## Manazarta
Jaya

**Jaya** kalma ce daga yaren Hindu . &#x5D;

* *Jaya samhita* wanda Narada da Vyasa suka tsara na 8800 shlokas. &#x5D;
* Jaya-Vijaya, masu tsaron ƙofa na Vaikuntha, daular allahn Vishnu a cikin tatsuniyar Hindu.
* Jaya, tsibiri a cikin Oda Eiichiro's manga da jerin anime Piece Daya
* Jaya (kwari), jinsin antlions
Unguwar Jauro Yinu

**Jauro Yinu** unguwa ce dake ƙarƙashin ƙaramar hukumar Ardo Kola dake Jihar Taraba a Najeriya.

## Manazarta
Unguwar Sunkani

**Sunkani** unguwa ce kuma ita ce hedkwatar karamar hukumar Ardo Kola dake Taraba a cikin Najeriya. Kuma mafe yewan mutanen sunkani kabilar fulani ne. 

## Manazarta
Unguwar Zangon Kombi

**Zangon Kombi** unguwa ce dake cikin karamar hukumar Ardo Kola a Jihar Taraba dake Najeriya.

## Manazarta
Yanci

Ana fahimtar **[[Right to sexuality|yanci]]:** A matsayin ko dai yana da ikon yin aiki ko canzawa ba tare da takura ba,  ko kuma mallaki iko da albarkatun don cika manufofin mutum ba tare da cikas ba, Ana danganta ’yanci da ‘yanci da cin gashin kai a ma’anar “bawa kanshi dokokinsu”, da kuma samun hakki da ‘yancin walwalar jama’a da za su yi amfani da su ba tare da tsangwama daga gwamnati ba. Ire-iren 'yancin siyasa da ake yawan magana akai sun haɗa da 'yancin taro, 'yancin yin tarayya, 'yancin zaɓe, da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki.

A wata ma'anar, wani abu yana "kyauta" idan yana iya canzawa cikin sauƙi kuma ba a takura ba a halin yanzu. A falsafa da addini, 'yanci a wasu lokuta ana danganta shi da 'yancin zaɓe, ba tare da hani ba ko rashin adalci a kan hakan, kamar bautar. Ra'ayi ne da ke da alaƙa da manufar 'yanci mara kyau.

Charles Taylor ya warware daya daga cikin batutuwan da suka raba rayanci shine ikon cika manufofin mutum.  

## Nau'ukan.

A cikin jawaban siyasa, ‘yancin siyasa, yana da alaƙa da ’yanci da cin gashin kai ta ma’anar “ba wa kan su dokokin kansu”, da kuma samun haƙƙi da yancin ɗan adam da za su yi amfani da su ba tare da tsangwama daga gwamnati ba. Ire-iren 'yancin siyasa da ake yawan magana akai sun haɗa da 'yancin taro, 'yancin yin tarayya, 'yancin zaɓe, da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki.

A wasu lokutan, musamman idan tattaunawa ta kama ga ƴancin siyasa, ana amfani da kalmomin “yanci” da “yanci”.   

A wani wuri kuma, ana lura da bambance-bambance a tsakanin 'yanci da 'yanci.  John Stuart Mill ya bambanta 'yanci daga 'yanci a cikin wannan 'yancin shine da farko, idan ba na musamman ba, ikon yin yadda mutum ya so da kuma abin da mutum ke da ikon yi, yayin da 'yanci ya shafi rashin kamun kai da kuma la'akari da haƙƙin duk wanda ke da hannu. Don haka, yin amfani da 'yanci yana ƙarƙashin iyawa kuma yana iyakance ta haƙƙin wasu.  

Wendy Hui Kyong Chun ta yi bayanin bambance-bambancen da suka shafi alakar su da cibiyoyi:

OWani bambance-bambancen da wasu masu ra'ayin siyasa suka ga yana da mahimmanci shine mutane na iya yin burin samun 'yanci *daga* iyakancewa (kamar 'yanci daga tsoro, 'yanci daga bukata, da 'yanci daga wariya ), amma bayanin 'yanci da 'yanci gabaɗaya baya kiran samun 'yanci *daga* komai.  Akasin haka, manufar 'yanci mara kyau tana nufin 'yancin da mutum zai iya tauye haƙƙin wasu. 

## Manazarta.

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje
* "Yanci", Tattaunawar BBC Radio 4 tare da John Keane, Bernard Williams & Annabel Brett ( *A Lokacin Mu*, 4 Yuli 2002)
Harin 5 ga watan Yuli, 2015 a Najeriya

A ranar biyar 5 ga watan Yulin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma Sha biyar 2015, an kai wasu hare-hare a Najeriya - a Potiskum, Jos da Borno.

## An kai hari a;
### Potiskum
Da misalin karfe 10 na safe ranar 5 ga watan Yulin 2015, a Potiskum, jihar Yobe, an kai harin kuna baƙin wake a wata cocin Evangelical, Cocin Redeemed Christian Church of God. Harin ya kashe mutane shida ciki har da maharin.

### Jos
Da yammacin wannan rana ne a birnin Jos na jihar Filato wani bam da aka dasa a wani gidan abinci ya fashe inda mutane 23 suka mutu. A maraicen wannan rana a birni, an kai harin ƙuna baƙin wake a wani masallaci, wanda ya kashe mutane 21.  

### Borno
A dai ranar kuma amman a jihar Borno wasu gungun ‘yan tada ƙayar baya sun kashe wasu ƙauyawa 9, tare da ƙona majami’u 32 da gidaje kusan 300. 

## Manazarta
Mayo Ranewo (unguwa)

**Mayo Ranewo** unguwa ce a cikin karamar hukumar Ardo Kola, Jalingo a cikin Jihar Taraba dake Najeriya. Mayo Ranewo na nan akan lambobin wuri kamar haka; 8° 49' 0" Arewa, 10° 54' 0" Gabas. Garin na da nisan kilomita 180km daga filin jirgin sama na Jalingo. 

## Rukunan zabe
* Makarantar firamare ta Jiru Dauda
* Pomi, makarantar firamare ta Pomi 
* Sarkin Alaro, Fadar Sarkin Yanma
* Sarkin Babbo I, Kofan Billa
* Sarkin Babbo II, Unguwan Kabawa
* Sarkin Garma I, Makarantar firamare ta Garma 
* Sarkin Garma II, Makarantar firamare ta Garma

## Manazarta
Curacao

**Curacao** ƙasa ce tsibiri a cikin Tekun Karibiyan . Tana ɗaya daga cikin tsibiran ABC kuma tana da ɗan tazara kaɗan daga arewacin tsibirin Paraguaná na Venezuela, kuma ta zama wani yanki na Masarautar Netherlands . Willemstad ne babban birnin Curacao. 

## Mutane

Ƙungiya mafi girma tana cikin ƙungiyar Afro-Caribbean tare da kusan kashi 85% na dukan jama'a (har ma sun haɗa da mulattos ). Ragowar kashi 15% na mutanen Turai ne (mafi yawan mutanen Holland ), amma akwai kuma Mutanen Indonesiya, Kolombiya, Venezuela, da sauransu.

## Harsuna
Papiamentu, Yaren mutanen Holland, da Ingilishi sune harsunan hukuma guda uku na Curacao. Papiamentu shine yaren da aka fi magana yayin da ƴan tsiraru ke magana da sauran harsunan hukuma biyu.

## Yanayi
Curacao na da yanayi na wurare masu zafi. Yanayin zafi yawanci akai akai. Iskar cinikin tana kawo iska mai sanyi da rana kuma iskar kasuwanci iri ɗaya tana kawo zafi cikin dare. Watan mafi sanyi shine Janairu tare da matsakaicin 26 ° C a cikin zafin jiki kuma watan mafi zafi shine Satumba tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 28.9 °C (84 ° F). Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin shekara shine 31°C. Matsakaicin mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na shekara shine kusan 25 ° C.

Tsibirin ya ɓalle daga Netherlands Antilles a cikin 2010 . Yana da kuma dogon tarihi da aka kafa har zuwa shekarun 1800.


File:Down Town Willemstad - 43909993945.jpg|Downtown Willemstad, Curaçao
File:Cura%C3%A7ao1836.png|Taswirar Curaçao a 1836
File:Grote_Knip_Kenepa_Grandi_Curacao_(36561697451).jpg|Grote Knip Beach
File:Airport_and_control_tower_at_the_Cura%C3%A7ao_International_Airport_(CUR).jpg|Airport and control tower at the Curaçao International Airport (CUR)
File:Floating_Bridge.jpg|Floating bridge, Curaçao

## Nassoshi
Daular Bagauda

**Bagauda Daula** ne a gidan na *noblemen* suka kafa da kuma mulki Mulkin (ƙarshe Sultanate ) na Kano cikin ta zama. Daular ta shafe sama da shekaru 800 ta bazu har tsawon ƙarni goma, ɗaya daga cikin mafi daɗewa a tarihin ɗan Adam kuma ya samar da sarakuna 43. Bayan faɗuwar sarautar Kano, ragowar gidan sarauta suka kafa sabuwar masarauta a yankin Maradi .

## Tarihi
Sarautar ta fara ne da Sarkin Kano na farko, Bagauda a shekara ta 999 miladiyya kuma ta kasance har zuwa shekara ta 1807 miladiyya a lokacin da aka kashe sarki na ƙarshe daga zuriyar Muhammad Alwali na biyu yana gudun hijira a lokacin yakin Fulani . Sarautarsu ta faro ne bayan da Bagauda ya yi hijira zuwa Kano ya ci maguzawan tudun Dala na asali, duk da cewa sauran Kano ba za su shiga karkashinsu ba sai lokacin sarakunan farko da suka gaje shi.

Sarautar ta kasu kashi uku ko zamani, Gaudawa, Rumfawa da Kutumbawa, amma zuriyarsu duk ana iya samo su daga Bagauda kamar yadda tarihin *[[Kano Chronicle|Kano ya nuna]]* . An ce sun fito ne daga Bawo, dan Jaruman Hausawa Bayajidda da matarsa, Kabara na karshe, Magajiya Daurama . An ce zuwan Bagauda ya cika annabcin Barbushe . 

### Gaudawa
Sarautar Gaudawa dai ta kasance ne ta hanyar cin galaba a kan kasar da Bagauda da zuriyarsa suka yi wa lakabi da jihar Kano a yanzu. Zamanin su ya kasance da akasari yaki da fadada sarakuna da kuma gina katangar Kano. Sun kuma kafa harsashin tsarin mulki na Kano tare da kawo sauyi ga Sojoji tare da dora Musulunci a matsayin addinin Jaha. Gaudawa kuma ana kiransu da “Daurawa”.

### Rumfawa
Rumfawa ne suka sa ido a kan sarautar Sarkin Kano. Bayan da aka bude hanyoyin kasuwanci shekaru da dama da suka gabata a zamanin Abdullahi Burja, Muhammad Rumfa da zuriyarsa sun samu damar ciyar da jihar kololuwar tasirinta na kasuwanci da siyasa. Hakan ya ga tarin bakin haure daga wasu sassan Sahel da kuma yadda al’ummar Kano suka shiga wasu sassan yankin, inda suka tabbatar da jihar a matsayin babbar cibiyar kasuwanci. Mulkin su ya kai ga sarautar Kano gaba ɗaya ta ƙasar Hausa a zamanin jikan Rumfa Muhammad Kisoki. Rumfawa sun yi gyare-gyaren mulki da zamantakewa mafi mahimmanci a Kano.

### Kutumbawa
Zaman Kutumbawa ya fara ne a shekara ta 1623, daga Muhammad Alwali I, wanda aka fi sani da El Kutumbi. Wannan zamanin ya sami raguwar arziki ga Sarkin Musulmi. Kutumbawa sun fuskanci raƙuman yunwa iri-iri (wataƙila saboda lalacewar muhalli), yaƙe-yaƙe na rashin yanke hukunci ta hanyar ƙaƙƙarfar maƙwabta, kuma sun fuskanci rikicin cikin gida a cikin gidan sarauta na Kano. Kutumbawa da rikicin tattalin arziki da siyasa ya rutsa da su, suka ga faduwar daular Kano.

## Asalin asali

## Duba kuma

* Jerin Sarakunan Kano

## Manazarta