Gudanar da sarkar samar da kayan lambu

**Gudanar da sarkar samarwa da kore (GSCM) ** shine la'akari da batutuwan muhalli a cikin kula da sarkar wadata. 

## Ma'anar da iyaka
An bayyana GSCM kamar haka:

* "GSCM ya ƙunshi saiti na ayyuka muhalli waɗanda ke ƙarfafa inganta ayyukan muhallu na ƙungiyoyi biyu ko fiye a cikin wannan jerin wadata"  
* "GSCM shine tsari na haɗa damuwar muhalli cikin kula da sarkar samarwa ciki har da ƙirar samfur, samar da kayan aiki da zabin, masana'antu, isar da samfuran ƙarshe, da kuma gudanar da ƙarshen rayuwar samfurin"   
* "Za a iya cimma GSCM ta hanyar la'akari da batutuwan muhalli a sayen, ƙirar samfur da ci gaba, samarwa, sufuri, marufi, ajiya, zubar, da ƙarshen matakan sarrafa rayuwar samfur. "
* "GSCM shine hadewar damuwar muhalli a cikin ayyukan hadin gwiwa na gudanar da sarkar samarwa".

Srivastava (2007) ya bayyana ikon GSCM kamar yadda ya kasance "daga sa ido kan shirye-shiryen kula da muhalli gaba ɗaya zuwa ayyukan da aka aiwatar ta hanyar Rs daban-daban (Reduce, Re-use, Rework, Refurbish, Reclaim, Recycle, Remanufacture, Reverse logistics, da dai sauransu). " Ya haɗa da "tsarin kore" a cikin GSCM, wanda ya haɗa da sake dubawa game da kayan da hanyoyin da kasuwanci ya karɓa da kuma gudanar da masu samar da kayan aiki da aiyuka. Farooq da Salam (2024) sun gabatar da matsakaici-tsakanin tsananin gasa da kuma ilmantarwa na sarkar kayan lambu.  Binciken da suka yi ya kuma tabbatar da alaƙa tsakanin tsarin kasuwanci mai kore da ayyukan samar da tsabta (Farooq da Salam, 2024).  Daga hangen nesa na kasuwanci, GSCM na kasuwanci sabon tsari ne na kula da muhalli wanda 'yan kasuwa masu kore ke aiwatar da shi a duk hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki maimakon tunani dangane da kamfanonin da ba na muhalli ba. Wannan sabon ra'ayi na gaba ɗaya na iya haɗa mutane, kamfanoni, da sarkar wadata na 'yan kasuwa daban-daban daga ƙasashe daban-daban tare a hanyar muhalli. 

## Ka'idodin GSCM
An ba da jerin ka'idodin GSCM daga D. Kannan et al. (2014) a ƙasa. 

; Ka'idojin GSCM 1
: **"Kwamitin manyan gudanarwa ga GSCM" **
: "Tallafin manyan gudanarwa yana da mahimmanci a cikin tallafin GSCM, saboda za a sami buƙata don gyare-gyaren tsari ko canje-canje na al'adu"
; Ka'idojin GSCM 2
: **"Haɗin kai tsakanin ayyuka don inganta muhalli" **
: "Haɗin kai tsakanin aiki (misali, sayayya da dorewa, bincike da ci gaba a cikin dorewa, ko tallace-tallace da kwanciyar hankali, da dai sauransu) yana da mahimmanci wajen aiwatar da canje-canje a cikin ayyukan yau- yau na yankunan aiki. Saboda haka irin wannan hadin gwiwa na iya inganta bukatun muhalli a waje ta hanyar masu samar da ruwa, ko a ciki ta hanyar bukatar mabukaci. "
; Ka'idojin GSCM 3
: **"Jirginci da bukatun muhalli na doka da shirye-shiryen binciken" **
: "Gaskiya bukatun shari'ar muhalli da shirye-shiryen binciken sun nuna cewa kamfanin yana ƙoƙarin saduwa da ka'idojin muhalli don bangaren su a ciki" 
; GSCM Ka'idoji 4
: **"Satifiketi na ISO 14001" **
: "Kamfanin yana da takardar shaidar EMS ta ISO 14001 
; GSCM Ka'idoji 5
: **"Zaɓin masu samarwa sun haɗa da ƙa'idodin muhalli" **
: Bayani - "Tsarin zaɓe ga masu samarwa yana la'akari da canjin muhalli (misali, ISO 14001) ban da ka'idojin gargajiya (misali., farashi, inganci, amintacce, da dai sauransu) "
; Ka'idojin GSCM 6
: **"Aiki tare da masu samarwa don cimma burin muhalli" **
: "An nemi masu samarwa su goyi bayan shirye-shirye da matakan a cikin kamfaninsu don inganta muhalli"
; Ka'idojin GSCM 7
: **"Binciken kula da muhalli na cikin gida na masu samarwa" **
: "Binciken shigarwar mai samarwa yana ba da hanyar tantance aikin muhalli na mai samarwa da kuma tabbatar da cewa sun bi ka'idodin kula da muhalli" 
; Ka'idodin GSCM 8
: **"Binciken kula da muhalli na masu samar da kaya na 2nd-tier" **
: "Ana kuma sa ido kan masu samar da albarkatun kasa don fadada damuwa game da muhalli fiye da alaƙar kai tsaye" 
; Ka'idojin GSCM 9
: **"Aiki tare da abokan ciniki don ƙirar muhalli" **
: "Yin amfani da dangantakar da ke kusa da ita ta hanyar gudanar da sarkar samarwa ta gargajiya, kamfanoni suna neman haɓaka samfuran tare da abokan ciniki don inganta tasirin muhalli na samfuran" 
; Ka'idojin GSCM 10
: **"Aiki tare da abokan ciniki don yin samarwa mai tsabta" **
: "Yin amfani da dangantakar da ke kusa da ita ta hanyar gudanar da sarkar samarwa ta gargajiya, kamfanoni suna neman samar da tsabta tare da hadin kai daga abokin ciniki"
; GSCM Ka'idoji 11
: **"Aiki tare da abokan ciniki don amfani da kayan kwalliya masu kyau" **
: "Yin amfani da dangantakar da ke kusa da ita ta hanyar gudanar da sarkar samarwa ta gargajiya, kamfanoni suna neman amfani da kayan kwalliya masu kyau tare da hadin kai daga abokan ciniki"
; Ka'idojin GSCM 12
: **"Samun fasahar da ta fi tsabta ta kamfanin" **
: "Kamfanin yana sayen kayan aiki wanda ke ba shi damar yin kayayyaki da tsabta yadda zai yiwu"
; Ka'idodin GSCM 13
: **"Tsarin kayayyaki wanda ke ragewa, sake amfani, sake amfani da shi, ko kayan gyarawa, kayan aiki, ko makamashi" **
: "Kamfanin yana kiyaye manufofi kan rage kayan aiki, sake amfani da sassa, sake amfani na samfurin bayan amfani, da kuma dawo da kayan, kayan aiki, ko makamashi a duk rayuwar samfurin"
; GSCM Ka'idoji 14
: **"Tsarin kayayyaki wanda ke gujewa ko rage amfani da kayan guba ko haɗari" **
: "A cikin haɓaka samfuran, kamfanin ya haɗa da hanyoyin gujewa ko rage amfani da samfuran haɗari ko masu guba".
; Ka'idojin GSCM 15
: **"Sale na kayan aiki ko kayan aiki" **
: "Kamfanin yana neman sayar da tsoffin hannun jari don dawo da saka hannun jari" 
; Ka'idojin GSCM 16
: **"Sale na sharar gida da kayan da aka yi amfani da su" **
: "Kamfanin yana neman sayar da sharar gida da kayan da aka yi amfani da su (watau, kayan da ba su da darajar a cikin layin samarwa) don dawo da saka hannun jari".
; Ka'idojin GSCM 17
: **"Sale na kayan aiki da aka yi amfani da su (bayan sayen sabbin kayan aiki) "**
: "Kamfanin yana sayar da kayan aiki da aka yi amfani da su don dawo da saka hannun jari" 

### Muhimmancin ka'idoji
Maimakon mai da hankali daidai a kan kowane ma'auni, ya kamata a ba da ƙarin hankali ga mafi mahimman ma'aunin. D. Kannan et al. (2014) sun lissafa muhimmancin ka'idoji ta hanyar ɗaukar abubuwan da masu yanke shawara 3 suka fi so: 

A cikin wannan tebur, ana ba da fifiko na ka'idoji dangane da masu canjin harshe. Daga waɗannan masu canji na harshe, an yi lissafi don gano matsayi na muhimmancin ka'idoji.

## Manazarta