Dick Fosbury

**Richard Douglas Fosbury** (a watan Maris 6, shekara ta 1947 - Maris 12, 2023) ɗan wasan tsalle-tsalle ne na Amurka, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa mafi tasiri a tarihin tsere da filin wasa. Ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1968, wanda ya kawo sauyi a gasar tsalle-tsalle da tsalle-tsalle ta high jump tare da dabarar "back-first" da yanzu aka sani da Fosbury flop . Hanyarsa ita ce yin gudu ta kusurwa zuwa mashaya, sannan ya lanƙwasa ya yi tsalle baya a kanta, wanda ya ba shi ƙasa da cibiyar taro a cikin gudu fiye da dabarun gargajiya. Debbie Brill tana haɓaka irin wannan "Brill Bend" a lokaci guda. Wannan hanyar ta sami karbuwa kusan kowa da kowa tun lokacin da Fosbury ta yi fice a Mexico. Duk da cewa bai taɓa komawa gasar Olympics ba, Fosbury ta ci gaba da shiga cikin wasannin motsa jiki bayan ta yi ritaya kuma ta yi aiki a hukumar zartarwa ta Ƙungiyar Olympics ta Duniya . 

A shekarar 2014, Fosbury ta kalubalanci Steve Miller don neman kujera a Majalisar Wakilai ta Idaho, amma bai yi nasara ba. Fosbury ta tsaya takarar Kwamishinan Gundumar Blaine a kan Larry Schoen mai ci a shekarar 2018, ta lashe kujerar, sannan ta hau mulki a shekarar 2019.

## Aikin 'yan wasa

### Makarantar Sakandare da Asalin Fosbury Flop

An haife shi a Portland, Oregon, Fosbury ya fara gwaji da sabuwar dabarar tsalle-tsalle mai tsayi yana da shekaru 16, yayin da yake halartar Makarantar Sakandare ta Medford .  Fosbury ya sami matsala wajen yin gasa ta amfani da dabarun tsalle-tsalle masu tsayi na wannan lokacin. A shekararsa ta biyu, ya kasa kammala tsalle-tsalle masu tsayi na , tsayin da ya dace da yawancin wasannin tsere na makarantar sakandare.  Wannan dabarar da ta fi shahara, hanyar tsere, motsi ne mai rikitarwa inda wani ɗan wasa ya wuce sandar tsalle mai tsayi yana fuskantar ƙasa, sannan ya ɗaga ƙafafunsa daban-daban a kan sandar. Fosbury ya ga yana da wahala ya daidaita duk motsin da ke cikin hanyar tsere mai tsayi, don haka ya fara gwada wasu hanyoyin yin tsalle mai tsayi.

Daga baya Fosbury ya tuna, "Na san dole ne in canza matsayin jikina kuma wannan shine abin da ya fara juyin juya hali, kuma a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, juyin halitta."  Da farko, ya yi ƙoƙarin amfani da dabarar da aka sani da hanyar almakashi mai tsayi . A cikin wannan hanyar, tsalle yana gudu tsaye zuwa sandar, yana fuskantar gaba, kuma a lokacin tsallensu yana ɗaga ƙafafunsu madaidaiciya ɗaya bayan ɗaya akan sandar.  Dokokin tsalle mai tsayi sun tanadar kawai cewa masu fafatawa dole ne su yi tsalle daga ƙafa ɗaya lokacin tashi; babu wata doka da ke jagorantar yadda mai fafatawa ya ketare sandar, matuƙar sun wuce ta. 

Yayin da ya fara gwada wannan dabarar, a hankali ya daidaita ta don ya ji daɗinta da kuma samun ƙarin tsayi daga gare ta. Duk da haka, ba ta yi kama da tsalle mai kyau ba, kuma wani masanin tarihi ya ambaci yunƙurin farko na Fosbury a matsayin " kamuwa da iska". Duk da haka, a ƙarshen shekararsa ta biyu da farkon shekararsa ta farko, ta fara samar da sakamako, kuma a hankali ta sami damar kawar da tsalle mai tsayi. 

A hankali, Fosbury ya canza matsayinsa a lokacin tsallen, ta yadda a lokacin kammala karatunsa na ƙarshe ya fara tafiya kan sandar baya, da farko da kai, yana lanƙwasa jikinsa a kan sandar sannan yana ɗaga ƙafafunsa sama a ƙarshen tsallen. Wannan ya sa ya sauka a bayansa, amma, kafin shekararsa ta farko, makarantar sakandare ta maye gurbin ramin saukar katako da wani abu mai laushi, don haka ya sami damar sauka lafiya. 

Abin farin ciki ga Fosbury, maye gurbin saman ƙasa da robar kumfa ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Amurka a farkon shekarun 1960. An yi amfani da saman ƙasa, yashi, ko guntun itace a da saboda masu tsalle-tsalle da ke amfani da dabarar almakashi suna iya share sandar yayin da suke tsaye sannan su sauka a ƙafafunsu, kuma waɗanda ke amfani da Western Roll ko Straddle sun yi saukowa mai maki uku a hannayensu da ƙafar jagora. A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, kwalejojin Amurka sun fara amfani da fakitin roba mai laushi, wanda galibi ana riƙe shi da raga. Waɗannan fakitin ba wai kawai sun yi laushi ba, har ma sun ɗaga tsayin saukowa kimanin  daga ƙasa. A farkon shekarun 1960, makarantun sakandare na Amurka suna bin sahun kwalejojin wajen samun ramukan saukar roba na kumfa. Tare da shimfidar ƙasa mai laushi da tsayi, Fosbury ta sami damar sauka lafiya.

## Manazarta