Taron Tebur na Belgo-Congo

**Taron Teburin zagaye na Belgo-Congo** ( French   ) wani taro ne da aka shirya a sassa biyu  a 1960 a Brussels (20 ga Janairu - 20 ga Fabrairu  da Afrilu 26 - Mayu 16  ) tsakanin wakilan kungiyoyin siyasa na Kongo da sarakuna a gefe guda ( French   ) da kuma a daya bangaren shugabannin siyasa da kasuwanci na Belgium.  Taro na zagaye na biyu ya kai ga amincewa da kudurori goma sha shida kan makomar kasar ta Kwango Belgian da kuma sauye-sauyen hukumominta. Tare da cikakkiyar yarjejeniya, an saita ranar samun 'yancin kai a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1960.

## Fage
Tun a shekarar 1959 ne jam'iyyar Labour ta Kwango ta kirkiro da manufar taron teburi (PTC, French   ).  Ta tattara goyon baya daga kungiyar Bakongo Alliance&nbsp;(ABAKO) da Jam'iyyar Socialist ta Belgium&nbsp;(PSB).  Tunanin taron kasashen biyu da ke da nufin shirya 'yancin kai na mulkin mallaka na Belgian shi ne Ministan Belgian Kongo da Ruanda-Urundi, August de Schryver, wanda shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar Christian Social Party, babbar jam'iyyar siyasa ta Belgium a lokacin.  Dalilai da dama ne suka taimaka wajen samun wannan ra'ayi, gami da:

* Ƙwararrun ƙwazo a kusa da shahararrun mutane kamar Joseph Kasa-Vubu da Patrice Lumumba 
* Tashin hankali na Léopoldville a cikin Janairu 1959,  yanayin tsaro da ke tabarbarewa  da kuma karuwar rashin tsaro a tsakanin mazauna mulkin mallaka. 
* Gabaɗayan ra'ayin tsarin da ba makawa kuma ba zai iya jurewa ba na yanke mulkin mallaka na Afirka . 
* Tabarbarewar tattalin arzikin gida (bashin jama'a na mulkin mallaka ya tashi daga 4 zuwa biliyan 46 na Belgian franc tsakanin 1949 da 1960). 
* Rashin nasarar ziyarar da Sarki Baudouin ya yi a karo na biyu a Kongo a watan Disamba na 1959 wanda bai bari a rage tashe-tashen hankulan siyasa ba. 

Ƙirƙirar babban taron tattaunawa na Belgian-Congo ya kuma dace da jawabin da aka watsa daga Sarkin Belgian Baudouin a ranar 13 ga Janairu, 1959. Inda ya bayyana sha'awar "jagoranci al'ummar Kongo, ba tare da jinkiri mai cutarwa ba, amma kuma ba tare da gaggawar tunani ba, zuwa ga 'yancin kai, cikin wadata, da zaman lafiya." 

A ranar 3 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1960, gwamnatin kasar Belgium ta sanar da cewa, za ta gudanar da wani taron tattaunawa da nufin taimakawa kasar Kongo daga turawan mulkin mallaka zuwa ‘yancin kai. 

## Tawagar Kongo
An gayyaci da dama daga cikin sarakunan gargajiya ( *chefs coutumiers* ) zuwa taron Tebur na Zagaye don rage yawan manyan masu cin gashin kai a cikin tawagogin.  Mai zuwa shine cikakken jerin wakilan Kongo da masu ba su shawara na Belgium zuwa taron farko:  

### Jam'iyyun siyasa

* ***Alliance des Bakongo*** ( **ABAKO** )
** Membobi masu tasiri - Edmond Nzeza-Nlandu, Joseph Kasa-Vubu, Daniel Kanza
** Mataimakin membobi - Philibert Luyeye, Simon Nzeza, Emmanuel Kini, Joseph Yumbu
** Masu ba da shawara - J. van Bilsen
* ***[[Mutanen Yanzi|Alliance des Bayanzi]]*** ( **ABAZI** )
** Membobi masu tasiri - Gaston Midu
** Mataimakin membobi - Wenceslas Mbueny
* ***Alliance Rural Progressiste*** ( **ARP** )
** Membobi masu tasiri - Gervais Bahizi, Sangara
** Mataimakin membobi - Téodomie Nzamu Kwereka, Albert Kalinda
** Masu ba da shawara - Coulet
* ***Association Générale des Baluba du Katanga*** ( **BALUBAKAT** )
** Membobi masu inganci - Jason Sendwe
** Mataimakin membobi - Rémy Mwamba
** Masu ba da shawara - A. Doucy

* ***[[Association des Ressortisants du Haut-Congo]]*** ( **ASSORECO** )
** Membobi masu tasiri - Jean Bolikango
** Mataimakin membobi - Armand Bobanga
** Masu ba da shawara - Victor Promontorio
* ***Cibiyar Du Regroupement Afrika*** ( **CEREA** )
** Membobi masu tasiri - Anicet Kashamura (daga baya Jean-Chrysostome Weregemere ya maye gurbinsa)
** Mataimakin membobi - Marcel Bisukiro
** Masu ba da shawara - J. Terfve
* ***Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Katanga*** ( **CONAKAT** )
** Membobi masu tasiri - Moïse Tshombe, Jean-Baptiste Kibwe
** Mataimakin membobi - Charles Mutaka, François Kasongo (daga baya an canza shi kuma Prosper Muyumba ya maye gurbinsa)
** Masu ba da shawara - Humblet
* ***Federation Generale du Congo*** ( **FGC** )
** Membobi masu inganci - Henri Kasongo
** Masu ba da shawara - Lacourt
* ***Mouvement National Congolais-Kalonji*** ( **MNC-K** )
** Membobi masu tasiri - Albert Kalonji, Joseph Iléo (har zuwa 15 ga Janairu), Paul Ngandu (daga 16 ga Janairu)
** Mataimakin membobi - Joseph Ngalula, Muamba, Pierre Missa-Kabu
** Masu ba da shawara - Jules Gérard-Libois

* ***Mouvement National Congolais-Lumumba*** ( **MNC-L** )
** Membobi masu tasiri - Patrice Lumumba, Joseph Kasongo, Jean-Marie Yumba
** Mataimakin membobi - Sebastien Ikolo, Jean-Pierre Finant, Bruno Bukasa
** Masu ba da shawara - E. Loliki
* ***[[Parti National du Progrès]]*** ( **PNP** )
** Membobi masu tasiri - , Jean-Marie Kititwa, Alphonse Ilunga, Albert Delvaux, Antoine Lopes, André Anekonzapa, Paul Bolya, André-Marie Edindali, Ferdinand Essendja, Léopold Likinda, Sylvestre Mudingayi
** Mataimakin mambobi - Dominique Mubanga, Joseph Kulumba, Lius Witshima, Michel Atoka, Pierre Mombele, Ignoce Kanga, Revocato Kapepa, Gilbert Pongo, Romain Telu, Victor Kande, Ekwe
** Masu ba da shawara - H. Simonet, Lebrun, Cambier
* ***Parti du Peuple*** ( **PP** )
** Membobi masu inganci - Alphonse Nguvulu
** Mataimakin membobi - Antoine Mandungu
** Masu ba da shawara - F. Périn
* ***Parti Solidaire Afirka*** ( **PSA** )
** Membobi masu tasiri - Cléophas Kamitatu, Sylvain Kama, Justin Matiti
** Mataimakin membobi - Valentin Lubuma, Kirista Mafuta
** Masu ba da shawara - Spitaels-Evrard
* ***Ƙungiyar Kongo***
** Membobi masu tasiri - Gabriel Kitenge
** Mataimakin membobi - Joseph Shango
** Masu ba da shawara - A. Rubbens

### Sarakunan kabilanci

* **Lardin Equateur**
** Membobi masu tasiri - Jean-Médard Ilumbe, Eugéne N'Djoku, Innocent Abamba
** Mataimakin membobi - Léon Engulu, Mwanga, Mosamba
* **[[Kasaï Region|Lardin Kasaï]]**
** Membobi masu tasiri - Jonas Mangolo, Emeri Penesenga
** Mataimakin membobi - Michel Ohanga, Louis Tshimbambe, Emery Wafwana, Katomba (daga 13 ga Fabrairu)
* **Lardin Katanga**
** Membobi masu tasiri - Paul Bako Ditende, Antoine Mwenda-Munongo
** Mataimakin membobi - Léon Ilunga, Kasembe, Kabembe
* **Lardin Kivu**
** Membobi masu inganci - Henry Simba, Omari Penemizenga
** Mataimakin membobi - Joseph Tshomba
* **[[Kinshasa|Lardin Léopoldville]]**
** Membobi masu tasiri - Michel Mputela
** Mataimakin membobi - Henri Ilenda
* **Lardin Orientale**
** Membobi masu tasiri - François Kupa, Sabiti Mabe
** Mataimakin membobi - Busimbo Yaele, Joachim Bateko, Joseph Lionga

#### Masu ba da shawara

* J. Maisin
* G. Mineur

### Sauran
An nada Edouard Bayona, wani ma’aikacin gwamnatin Kongo a gwamnatin Belgium don halartar taron.  Dan jarida kuma dan mulkin kama karya na Kwango Joseph-Désiré Mobutu ya halarci taron a matsayin sakataren Patrice Lumumba. 

## Tawagar Belgium
A bangaren Belgium, da sauran mutane, sun kasance kamar haka: 

* Gaston Eyskens, Firayim Minista
* Albert Lilar, Mataimakin Firayim Minista
* August De Schryver, Ministan Kwango na Belgium da Ruanda-Urundi ;
* Arthur Gilson, Ministan Tsaro
* Pierre Harmel, Ministan Ma'aikata

Étienne Davignon, mataimakin shugaban hukumar Tarayyar Turai nan gaba, ya kasance a wurin taron da ke hade da ma'aikatar harkokin waje ta Belgium.

## Cancantar Lumumba da zuwansa
Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman bayanai game da tawagar Kongo shine gaskiyar cewa Patrice Emery Lumumba yana cikin tawagar ta asali. Yana gidan yari. Joseph Kasa-Vubu ne ya matsa wa gwamnatin Belgium lamba tare da neman a sako Lumumba daga gidan yari domin ya shiga tawagar ta asali a Belgium. Kasa-Vubu shi ne mutum daya tilo da ya yi fafutukar ganin an sako Lumumba. Don haka, furucin "Kasa-Vubu ya sanya Lumumba a matsayin daya daga cikin ubanni na 'yancin kai na Belgian Kongo… ta hanyar sakinsa daga kurkuku da kuma shiga cikin Tebur na Zagaye" (Nzita Na Nzita). A takaice “Et Kasa-Vubu ressuscita l'homme politique Lumumba” (Nzita Na Nzita). Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa Lumumba ya goyi bayan Kasa-Vubu takarar shugaban kasa duk da cewa Abako ya kasance na uku a zaben Mayu (1960). Maganar mai sauƙi ce “ka zare bayana zan kakkabe naka bi da bi” wanda a zamanin yau ana iya fassara shi a matsayin “yanayin nasara” ga Kasa-Vubu da Lumumba. Dangane da haka, Teburin Zagaye ya shirya kuri'a  wanda ya ƙunshi tambayoyi goma sha huɗu. Tambaya ta 9 ta yi magana game da shari'ar Lumumba tun lokacin da laifinsa ya riga ya gurɓata kamar yadda shari'ar mulkin mallaka ta riga ta yanke masa hukunci bisa laifin almubazzaranci da dukiyar jama'a na PTT (Telegraph and Telephone Post) na birnin Stanleyville. An tsara tambaya ta 9 kamar haka: ”Shin ya zama dole a samar da sassauci ga tanadin keɓancewa a cikin cancanta (gyaran da ABAKO-PSA-MNC-PP ta rubuta) don ba da damar cancantar Lumumba? ” Sakamakon ya kasance kamar haka: A cikin kungiyoyin siyasa 11, kungiyoyin siyasa shida sun kada kuri’ar “Eh”. Sun hada da Cartel (Abako; MNC-Kalonji; PSA; Parti du Peuple; FGCet Abazi), Cerea, MNC-Lumumba, Assoreco, Cartel Katangais (Balubakat-Fedeko-Atcar) da Union Congolaise. Kungiyoyin siyasa hudu sun kada kuri'ar kin amincewa da kudirin "a'a." Su ne PNP, Conakat, Alliance Rurale Progressiste (Kivu), da Delegation des chefs coutumiers. Wata kungiyar siyasa, Union Congolaise, ta ki kada kuri'a.

## Wakilan Ruanda-Urundi
Wakilai daga Ruanda da Urundi sun halarci shirye-shiryen samun 'yancin kai na yankunansu. 

### Ruanda

* Gaspard Cyimana, 1st Ministan Kudi na Ruwanda
* Prosper Bwanakweli, Wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban jam'iyyar RADER

### Urundi

* André Muhirwa, Firayim Minista na 3 na Burundi
* Joseph Bamina, Firayim Minista na 6 na Burundi

## Gabatarwa
A jajibirin taron wakilan Kongo sun gudanar da tarurruka da dama. Daliban Kongo a Brussels sun nuna damuwa cewa rashin haɗin kai a Kongo zai hana wakilan yin amfani da wannan matsayi na Belgium. Don haka kusan dukkanin tawagogin sun kuduri aniyar kafa wata kungiya mai suna "Common Front " domin gabatar da bukatunsu a wajen taron. [1] Da yammacin wannan rana, gamaiyar gamaiyar ta fitar da sanarwa ta farko. An bukaci tattaunawar ta kasance fiye da tuntubar juna; duk shawarwarin da aka cimma ya kamata a zartar da su a kan gwamnatin Belgium. Har ila yau, ya bukaci a bai wa Kongo yancin kai cikin gaggawa. De Schryver da tawagar Belgium sun yi matukar kaduwa da sanarwar hadin gwiwa, bayan da suka yi la'akari da girman rashin jin dadin Kongo da kuma niyyarsu ta ba da hadin kai a dukkan bangarorin jam'iyyar.

## Taron farko
A ranar 20 ga watan Junairu ne aka bude taron Teburin Zagaye tare da jawabin firaministan kasar Belgium Gaston Eyskens . 

## Sakamako
A karshen taron, an zartar da manyan kudurori kamar haka: 

* A ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1960 ne aka ayyana 'yancin kai na Kongo.
* Ka'idodin tsarin mulkin Kongo, wanda Majalisar Belgian ta zaɓe a watan Mayun 1960.
* Tsarin tsarin kasa da kuma raba madafun iko .

## Ambato