Biodiversity na Ghana

**Dabbobi daji na [[Ghana]]** sun hada da bambancin halittu na fungi, flora da fauna.

## Biodiversity
Ghana gida ce ga nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta da suka hada da: *Aspergillus flavus*; *Athelia rolfsii*; *Auricularia auricula-judae*; Curvularia; *Fusarium oxysporum*; Fusarius solani f.sp. pisi; Gibberella intricans; *Gibberella stilboides*; da *Macrophomina phaseolina* .  Adadin ainihin adadin nau'ikan fungal da ke faruwa a Ghana yana cikin dubban kuma an ba da ƙididdigar da aka yarda da ita gabaɗaya cewa kusan kashi 7 cikin 100 na dukkan fungal a duk duniya an gano su har yanzu kuma adadin da ke akwai har yanzu karami ne.

### Tsire-tsire
Tsire-tsire na Ghana sun bambanta tare da nau'ikan furanni na asali da kuma gabatar da nau'in furanni da aka yi la'akari da su a cikin bambancin furanni na Ghana. Jimlar wasu nau'o'in 3,600 na manyan cibiyoyin yanki na endemism suna wakiltar manyan kungiyoyi uku na haraji. Bambancin furanni ya fi bayyana a tsakanin angiosperms da aka wakilta tare da fiye da 2,974 'yan asalin da 253 da aka gabatar da nau'in a Ghana. Daga cikin nau'ikan ciyayi daban-daban na gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, shine nau'in gandun daji mai laushi a kudu maso yammacin Ashanti-Kwahu Plain wanda ke nuna matakin mafi girma na endemism da wadatar jinsuna a Ghana.

Bambancin nau'ikan Flora da endemism a cikin Savanna biomes a Ghana yana da yawa kuma bambancin halitta na jinsuna a cikin gandun daji na savanna na Ghana da gandun daji masu tasowa suna nuna wadatar jinsuna fiye da busassun savannah. A cikin Ghana, akwai yankunan da ke da bambancin halittu, wanda ake kira manyan wuraren halittu; kamar Ankasa da Nini-Suhien Conservation Area a kudu maso yammacin Ashanti-Kwahu erea na ƙasar Ghana, inda bambancin yanayi ya fi girma. Har ila yau akwai *Encephalartos barteri*, da gymnosperm 'yan asalin Ghana; wasu da ke girma a Yankunan muhalli daban-daban na Ghana ana gabatar da nau'o'in don dalilai ciki har da kyawawan abubuwa da tattalin arziki. Ƙungiyar lissafi ta uku; pteridophytes, tana da wakilci sosai a Ghana tare da nau'in 124 da aka sani.
 

#### Dabbobi

Ghana tana da nau'ikan dabbobi masu yawa kuma suna da muhimmancin gaske, kamar yadda wasu daga cikin dabbobi na Ghana suka sami matsayin kiyayewa saboda yawan raguwar yanzu a cikin adadinsu da rarraba su. Dabbobi na tsarin halittu na ƙasar Ghana, sun ƙunshi nau'o'i daban-daban ciki har da damuwa da kiyayewa. Rubuce-rubucen Ghana sun nuna cewa akwai nau'ikan 221 na amphibians da Dabbobi masu rarrafe, nau'ikan tsuntsaye 724, nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa 225 da ke zaune a Ghana; tare da 93 da aka rubuta suna zaune a yankin muhalli na Ghana. Kamar yadda yake tare da bambancin furanni, manyan wurare don bambancin dabbobi suna cikin tsaunuka masu tsawo na Ghana; wanda ke da kashi 83% na jimlar nau'in malam buɗe ido da aka rubuta a Ghana, inda shimfidar shimfidar wuri da bambancin yanayi suka samar da wuraren zama da niches ga takamaiman kwayoyin dabbobi.

An lura da endemism tsakanin dabbobin ƙasar Ghana a cikin nau'ikan kwari guda uku; *Hyperolius baumanni*; *Hyperolius fusciventris*; da *Hyperolius sylvaticus*; da lizards; da *Agama sylvanus* da aka samu a cikin Gidan Gida na Bia na Ghana da Gidan Gidan Ginin Atwema .  Ghana tana da babban matsayi na malam buɗe ido inda fiye da nau'in 20 aka rarraba su a cikin gida ko kusa da gida. Ghana gida ce ga sanannun nau'ikan amphibian guda 84: kwari 78, kwari 5 da caecilians. Dabbobi masu barazana da aka rubuta a Ghana sun hada da nau'ikan tururuwa na ruwa guda hudu da nau'in crocodiles guda uku. Nau'in tsuntsaye na damuwa game da kiyayewa sun haɗa da nau'ikan da ke fuskantar barazana guda bakwai, gami da nau'o'i huɗu da ke cikin gandun daji na Upper Guinea da nau'in da ke kusa da barazana.

Nau'o'in maɓalli kamar hornbills, parrots da tsuntsaye masu cin nama (gwargwadon) suna da wakilci sosai a Ghana. Daga cikin nau'ikan tsuntsaye 728 da aka tabbatar suna faruwa a Ghana; 408 ba masu wucewa ba ne kuma 320 masu wucewa, daga cikinsu 498 an san su ko ana zaton mazauna ne kuma 176 masu ƙaura ne na yau da kullun, gami da 100 daga Yankin Palearctic. Daga cikin jimlar nau'ikan da ke faruwa; 180 an ƙuntata su ga gandun daji na Guinea-Congo kuma 37 an ƙuntatawa ga Sudan-Guinea Savanna biome an rubuta su a Ghana. Goma sha ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan tsuntsaye 15 a cikin gandun daji na Upper Guinea suna faruwa a Ghana. Shida daga cikin nau'ikan suna fuskantar barazana kuma 12 suna kusa da barazana.

Ghana muhimmiyar ƙasa ce ga yawancin mai rauni, masu barazanar, masu haɗari, masu haɗarin haɗari ko kusan halakawa ciki har da nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa (Pan troglodytes) da yammacin ja colobus (*Piliocolobus badius*), manyan cats zaki (*Panthera leo*) da leopard (*Panthera pardus*), Giwayen daji na Afirka (Loxodonta africana), da tsuntsayen ruwa, suna kan iyakar gabashin Tekun Atlantika Flyway da Flyway. Har ila yau, akwai tsuntsaye masu yawa na duniya, kamar su tsuntsayen dutse masu farin wuyan (Picathartes gymnocephalus).

## Manazarta