Injin V8

**Injin V8:** Shine injin piston silinda takwas wanda bankuna biyu na silinda huɗu ke raba crankshaft na gama gari kuma an shirya su cikin tsarin V. 

Kuma yanada sitting har waje uku. 

Kamfanin Antoinette na Faransa ne ya kera injin V8 na farko a shekarar 1904, wanda ya kera shi kuma ya yi amfani da shi a cikin motoci da kwale-kwale masu sauri amma da farko jiragen sama; yayin da 1914-1935 na Amurka *Cadillac L-Head* injin ana ɗaukarsa  injin V8, na farko da ke tafiya da yawa don samar da adadi mai yawa. Shahararriyar injin V8 a cikin motoci ya ƙaru sosai bayan gabatarwar 1932 na Ford Flathead V8 .

A farkon karni na 21st, amfani da injunan V8 a cikin motocin fasinja ya ragu yayin da masana'antun kera motoci suka zaɓi ƙarin ingantaccen mai, ƙananan injunan ƙarfi, ko matasan da motocin tuƙi na lantarki . 

### V-kwana

Yawancin injunan V8 suna amfani da V-angle (kusurwar tsakanin bankunan silinda biyu) na digiri 90. Wannan kusurwa yana haifar da ma'aunin injin mai kyau, wanda ke haifar da ƙananan girgiza; duk da haka, gefen ƙasa ya fi girma fiye da injunan V8 waɗanda ke amfani da ƙaramin V-angle.

An yi amfani da injunan V8 tare da kusurwar digiri 60 a cikin 1996–1999 Ford Taurus SHO, Volvo XC90 na 2005–2011, da Volvo S80 na 2006–2009. Injin na Ford yayi amfani da kusurwar V-angle 60-digiri saboda ya dogara ne akan injin V6 mai kusurwa V-digiri 60. Dukansu injunan Ford da Volvo an yi amfani da su ne a cikin chassis na injuna, waɗanda aka ƙera su don shimfidar tuƙi na gaba (tare da tsarin tuƙi akan buƙatu a yanayin Volvos). Don rage girgizar da ke haifar da kusurwar kusurwar digiri 60 mara daidaituwa, injunan Volvo sun yi amfani da ma'auni na ma'auni kuma suna daidaita crankpins .  Injin tankin na Rolls-Royce Meteorite shi ma ya yi amfani da na'urar V-angle mai nauyin digiri 60, tun da an samo shi daga V12 Rolls-Royce Meteor mai lamba 60 wanda shi kuma ya dogara ne akan shahararren injin Rolls-Royce Merlin V12. 

An yi amfani da wasu kusurwoyi na V lokaci-lokaci. Lancia Trikappa, Lancia Dilambda, da Lancia Astura, sun samar da 1922-1939, sun yi amfani da injunan V8 kunkuntar kusurwa (dangane da *injin Lancia V4* ) tare da V-kusurwoyi na 14-24 digiri.  Motocin tsere na 1932 Miller masu taya huɗu sun yi amfani da injin V8 tare da kusurwar V na digiri 45.  Sifofin 8-Silinda na 1945-1966 EMD 567 dizal locomotive engine suma sun yi amfani da kusurwar V-angle na digiri 45.

Yawancin injunan V8 masu dacewa da motocin titi suna amfani da crankshaft na jirgin sama, tunda wannan tsarin yana haifar da ƙarancin girgiza saboda ma'auni na farko da ma'auni na biyu.  Gicciyen jirgin sama na crankshaft yana da nau'ikan ƙugiya guda huɗu (lambobi daga gaba) a kusurwoyi na 0, 90, 270, da 180, wanda ke haifar da siffar giciye don crankshaft lokacin da aka duba shi daga ƙarshen ɗaya.

Ƙaƙƙarfan sautin ƙarar ƙarar sautin da injin jirgin sama na V8 na yau da kullun ya kera shi ne wani ɓangare saboda odar harbe-harbe mara daidaituwa tsakanin kowanne daga cikin bankunan biyu na silinda huɗu. Ainihin odar harbe-harbe na LRLLRLRR (ko RLRRLRLL) yana haifar da rashin daidaituwar ci da tazarar bugun bugun jini ga kowane banki. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da tsarin shaye-shaye daban-daban ga kowane banki na silinda, wannan bugun da bai dace ba yana haifar da ƙarar sautin da yawanci ke da alaƙa da injin V8. Koyaya, injunan tsere suna neman guje wa waɗannan matsi na matsa lamba marasa daidaituwa, don haɓaka ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Injunan tseren jirgin sama V8 na shekarun 1960 sun yi amfani da dogon bututun shaye-shaye (kamar Ford GT40 na tseren tsere) ko kuma gano wuraren shaye-shaye a ciki na V-angle (kamar Lotus 38 IndyCar) don haɗa tsarin shaye-shaye daga kowane banki da samar da ko da fitar da iskar gas).

A gefe guda kuma, injinan V8 da yawa suna amfani da crankshaft na jirgin sama . 

Wannan tsari yana ba da fa'idodi biyu. A kan inji, ana iya yin aikin crankshaft daga billet ɗin lebur kuma baya buƙatar ma'auni don haka ya fi sauƙi. Koyaya, yana haifar da ƙarin girgiza saboda rashin daidaituwa na biyu.

Daga yanayin haɓakar iskar gas, ƙwanƙolin jirgin sama mai fa'ida yana ba da damar ko da buƙatun iskar gas ɗin da za a iya samu tare da tsari mai sauƙi.  Injin 1961-1965 Coventry Climax FWMV Formula One ya shahara da ƙira a cikin tseren motoci, kuma injin 1967-1985 Cosworth DFV ya sami nasara sosai a cikin Formula One.  Motocin wasanni da yawa na samarwa sun yi amfani da injunan jirgin sama V8, kamar kowane samfurin Ferrari V8 (daga 1973 Ferrari 308 GT4 zuwa 2019-present Ferrari F8 Tributo ), da Lotus Esprit V8, da Porsche 918 Spyder, da McLaren MP4- 12C .

Yawancin injunan mota na farko na V8 kuma sun yi amfani da madaidaicin jirgin sama, tun da yake wannan ya fi sauƙi don ƙira da ginawa fiye da giciye-dangi. Injunan jirgin saman V8 na farko sun haɗa da injin De Dion-Bouton na 1910, injin Peerless na 1915, da injin Cadillac na 1915.

Injin V8 na farko da aka sani shine injin Antoinette, wanda Léon Levavasseur ya kera, wanda aka fara gina shi a shekara ta 1904.  An gina Antoinette a Faransa don amfani da shi a tseren kwale-kwale da kuma, daga baya, jiragen sama.  Wani 1905 na injin Antoinette ya samar da  da  na nauyi (ciki har da ruwa mai sanyaya), yana haifar da rabon iko-zuwa nauyi wanda bai wuce shekaru 25 ba.  Hakanan a cikin 1904, injunan V8 sun fara samar da ƙananan sikelin ta Renault da Buchet don amfani da su a cikin motocin tsere.

A shekara ta 1905, injin V8 na farko da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin motar da ke kan hanya ita ce Rolls-Royce V-8 da aka gina a Burtaniya. An fara samar da wannan samfurin tare da  Injin V8, duk da haka motoci uku ne aka kera kafin Rolls-Royce ya koma amfani da injina kai tsaye-shida.   A 1907, *Hewitt Touring Car* ta zama mota ta farko da aka gina a Amurka tare da injin V8.  De Dion-Bouton na 1910 - wanda aka gina a Faransa - ana ɗaukarsa shine injin V8 na farko da aka samar da yawa.  

Injin 1914 Cadillac L-head V8 ana ɗaukarsa shine injin V8 na farko da ya samar da taro.   An gina wannan injin a cikin Amurka kuma an taimaka sosai ta hanyar farko ta Cadillac ta yin amfani da injina na kunna wutar lantarki .

Jiragen sama na farko sun ci gaba da amfani da injin V8, kamar injin Hispano-Suiza 8 SOHC na 1915 da aka kera a Switzerland. Jirgin sojojin Amurka, Faransa, da Birtaniya ne suka yi amfani da wannan injin a yakin duniya na daya. An kiyasta cewa kusan rabin dukkan jiragen Allied suna aiki da injin Hispano-Suiza 8.

Saboda girman girmansa na waje, yawancin injunan V8 ana amfani da su a cikin motocin da ke amfani da shimfidar injuna mai tsayi da tuƙi na baya (ko duk abin hawa). Koyaya, an kuma yi amfani da injunan V8 lokaci-lokaci a cikin motocin tuƙi na gaba, wani lokaci suna amfani da tazarar da ke kusa da silinda da kusurwoyin banki na Silinda don rage buƙatun sararinsu. 

Mota ta farko da Australiya ta kera don amfani da injin V8 ita ce 1965 Chrysler Valiant (AP6), wacce ke akwai tare da  na Amurka. Injin Chrysler. V8 Ford na farko a cikin gida shine 1966 Ford Falcon (XR) kuma V8 Holden na farko shine 1968 Holden HK, dukansu suna amfani da injunan da kamfanonin iyayensu ke bayarwa a Amurka.

Injin V8 na farko da aka samar da yawa a Ostiraliya shine injin 1969–2000 Holden V8 . Wannan simintin ƙarfe da ke kan bawul ɗin bawul ɗin ya yi amfani da kusurwar V na digiri 90 kuma an gina shi a matsuguni na  da kuma , na karshen ana yanke shi zuwa  1985. An yi amfani da injin Holden V8 a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban ciki har da Kingswood, Monaro, Torana, Commodore, da Stateman. An siyar da nau'ikan da aka kunna don babban aiki ta Holden Dila Team da Holden Special Vehicles, gami da nau'ikan da aka buga har zuwa  . An kuma yi amfani da injin Holden V8 wajen yawon shakatawa na tseren mota kuma ya kafa tushen injin Repco-Holden da aka yi amfani da shi a tseren Formula 5000 . A cikin 1999, injin na Holden V8 ya fara maye gurbin injin General Motors LS1 V8 da aka shigo da shi.

A cikin 1971, Ford Ostiraliya ya fara samar da gida na Ford 'Cleveland' V8, injin simintin ƙarfe na sama. An samar da injin a cikin ƙaura na  da  don amfani a cikin Ford Falcon na Australiya da Ford Fairlane. An kuma yi amfani da shi a cikin motocin wasanni na DeTomaso masu ƙarancin girma da kuma manyan sedans da aka gina a Italiya. Aikin Ostiraliya ya ƙare a cikin 1982 lokacin da Ford Ostiraliya ta daina kera motocin V8 na ɗan lokaci. Daga 1991 zuwa 2016, Ford Falcon yana samuwa tare da shigo da Ford Windsor, Ford Barra ko Ford Modular V8 injuna; An sayar da na biyun a matsayin "Boss" kuma an haɗa su a cikin gida daga cakuda kayan da aka shigo da su da na gida.

A  sigar injin Rover V8 an kera shi a Ostiraliya don rashin lafiyar 1973–1975 Leyland P76 sedan. Injin ɗin ƙirar bawul ɗin sama ne kuma injin aluminum ne kawai da aka samar a Ostiraliya.