Adrienne Mayor

Adrienne Mayor (an haife ta (1946-04-22) ) masanin tarihi ne na kimiyya ta dā kuma masanin gargajiya.

Magajin garin ya ƙware a tarihin d ̄ a da nazarin "kimiyya ta gargajiya", ko kuma yadda al'adun da suka gabata suka fassara bayanai game da duniyar halitta, da kuma yadda waɗannan fassarorin suka zama tushen tatsuniyoyi da yawa na dā, al'adun gargajiya da kuma imani. Ayyukanta a cikin binciken burbushin halittu na kimiyya da fassarorin gargajiya na ragowar paleontological sun buɗe sabon filin a cikin farfadowar ilimin ƙasa da al'adun gargajiya. Littafin magajin gari, Greek Fire, Poison Arrows, & the Scorpion Bombs, game da asalin yaƙin halittu da na sinadarai ya bayyana tsoffin tushen makamai masu guba da dabarun.

## Rayuwa
Daga 1980 zuwa 1996, ta yi aiki a matsayin edita, da kuma mai bugawa.

Tun daga shekara ta 2006, Mayor ya kasance masanin bincike a Sashen Tarihi da Tarihi da Falsafa na Kimiyya a Jami'ar Stanford . 

Magajin garin ya wallafa littattafai da labarai game da tarihin na'urori masu sarrafa kansa, Amazons, yaƙi mara kyau, na'urorin sarrafa kansa na dā, zuma mai guba, tattoos a zamanin d ̄ a, bargo na kyanda a cikin tarihi da labari, kisan kai da tufafi masu guba a cikin Mughal Indiya, tatsuniyoyin burbushin burbushin halittu, sunayen wurare masu alaƙa da burbushin, da sauran batutuwa a cikin mujallu na ilimi da sanannun mutane, gami da Tarihin *Lapham Quarterly,* *Noema,* Mujallu, Jaridar American Folklore, *Archaeology,* *Tarihin Halitta,* Tarihin Kasa, MHQ: The Quarterly da Harkokin Kasuwancin Kasashen Waje, Tarihin Soja, Tarihin Kasashen Wajen, Tarihin Harkokin Kasashen Wawaye. Littattafanta The First Fossil Hunters da Fossil Legends of the First Americans an yaba su a cikin sashen ilimin ɗan adam na Jihar Connecticut ta Tsakiya Kenneth L. Feder littafin Frauds, Myths, and Mysteries: Science and Pseudoscience in Archaeology - littafin da aka keɓe don fallasa ikirarin pseudoarcheological. 

An fassara littattafanta zuwa Faransanci, Jamusanci, Mutanen Espanya, Jafananci, Sinanci, Koriya, Hungarian, Polish, Turkiyya, Italiyanci, Rasha, Larabci, da Girkanci kuma an nuna su a cikin shirye-shirye a kan Tarihin Tarihi, Discovery Channel, da BBC. Ta ba da lacca a Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Amirka, Gidan Tarihin Fine Art na Boston, Smithsonian, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, Getty Museum, da sauran wuraren, kuma an yi hira da ita a kan NPR, BBC, da Coast to Coast AM.Tarihin rayuwarta na Mithradates VI Eupator, The Poison King, ya kasance dan wasan karshe na National Book Award 2009. 

Daga 2011 zuwa 2017, Mayor ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa na yau da kullun ga tarihin gidan yanar gizon kimiyya Wonders and Marvels . 

A cikin 2018-19, ta kasance Berggruen Fellow a Cibiyar Nazarin Ci gaba a cikin Kimiyya ta Halin, Stanford, bincikenta da aka sadaukar da shi ga motsi don ƙirƙirar Rayuwa ta wucin gadi, ko wannan shine fasaha ta wucine a yau ko siffofin almara. 'Ya'yan wannan binciken suna ƙunshe a cikin littafinta na baya-bayan nan, Gods and Robots: Myths, Machines, and Ancient Dreams of Technology .

## Bayanan littattafai

### ''Masu farautar burbushin halittu na farko'' (2000)

Littafin farko na magajin gari, The First Fossil Hunters: Paleontology in Greek and Roman Times, ya bincika abubuwan da aka gano da fassarorin dinosaur da sauran manyan burbushin dabbobi a zamanin d ̄ a, kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa abubuwan da aka gani na tsoffin burbushin mammoths, mastodons, dinosaur, da sauran jinsunan da suka ƙare sun rinjayi imani da giants, jarumawa, griffin da wasu halittu masu ban mamaki na tatsuniyoyi da almara. Wannan littafi shine tushen shahararren Tarihin Tarihi na Tarihi "Ancient Monster Hunters" da kuma BBC show Dinosaurs, Myths and Monsters da kuma nune-nunen gidan kayan gargajiya da yawa. Littafin yara na National Geographic na Marc Aronson, The Griffin and the Dinosaur (2014) ya bayyana ra'ayin Mayor cewa tsoffin abubuwan lura da burbushin dinosaur na *Protoceratops* sun rinjayi tsoffin hotuna da labarun Griffins.

#### Karɓar baƙi
A cikin American Journal of Archaeology, Deborah Ruscillo, Jami'ar Washington a St. Louis, ta rubuta cewa an rubuta wannan littafi mai yawa don mai zaman kansa wanda bai san batutuwan da yake zurfafawa ba zai iya fahimtar shi. Duk da yake Ruscillo bai yarda da wasu maganganun da Mayor ya yi ba, ta ba da shawarar littafin ga masanan ilimin ɗan adam da wadanda ba masanan ilimin mutum ba. A cikin Isis: A Journal of the History of Science, Liliane Bodson, Jami'ar Liege, ta rubuta cewa "Littafin da ke haifar da tunani na Mayor zai nuna canji a cikin kusanci ga griffins da giants. " Duk da yake ta sami wasu ra'ayoyin Mayor a gefe ɗaya, har yanzu ta ba da shawarar littafin ga "kowane masanin tarihin kimiyyar halitta".

### ''Wutar Girka, Arrows na guba & Bom na Scorpion'' (2003)
Greek Fire, Poison Arrows & Scorpion Bombs: Biological and Chemical Warfare in the Ancient World , littafin na biyu na Mayor, ya bayyana misalai na farko na makamai na biochemical a duniyar tsohuwar, don nuna cewa manufar da aikin yaƙin biochemic ya faru da yawa fiye da yadda aka yi tunani a baya. Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan littafin shine ya kawar da ra'ayin cewa yaƙi na dā ya fi girmamawa fiye da yaƙi na zamani. Ta gabatar da tarihin Girka, Romawa, Sinanci, Afirka, da Indiya game da aikin yaƙi na kwayoyin halitta, ta amfani da dabba, ƙwayoyin cuta, guba, da makamai masu guba, gami da wuta ta Girka. "An haskakawa revision of early military history,"  wannan littafin ya zama abin sha'awa ga tsoffin 'yan wasan yaƙi kuma an nuna shi a cikin Tarihin Tarihi na Tarihi "Ancient Greek WMDs.

#### Karɓar baƙi
Masanin gargajiya Richard Stoneman ya yaba da littafin, yana mai cewa ya kamata a "karanta shi sosai", kuma musamman ya yaba da tushen da aka yi amfani da su, musamman ma amfani da tushe daga Indiya. A cikin Library Journal, Brian DeLuca yana jin cewa amfani da kalmomin zamani dangane da hanyoyin yaƙi na dā "ba daidai ba ne" kuma ya sami hujjojin Magajin gari don yaƙi na zamanin d ̄ a ba su da tabbaci. Duk da haka, ya ba da shawarar littafin don "mafi girman ɗakin karatu na jama'a, tarin musamman, da ɗakin karatu na ilimi. "  A cikin Naval War College Review, marubuci da Lieutenant Colonel Zygmunt Dembek ya ba da shawara sosai game da littafin saboda ra'ayinsa na musamman. 

### ''Tarihin burbushin halittu na Amurkawa na farko'' (2005)
Littafin magajin gari na uku ya tattara asusun 'yan asalin Amurka game da binciken dinosaur da sauran burbushin halittu da al'adun baki game da ma'anar su, daga zamanin pre-Columbian zuwa yanzu. Yawancin abubuwan da aka mayar da hankali a cikin littafin shine kalubalantar ra'ayin da masanin burbushin halittu George Gaylord Simpson ya gabatar cewa 'yan asalin ƙasar Amurka ba su lura da burbushin da aka samu a nahiyar ba. Littafin an tsara shi ne ta hanyar yanayin burbushin halittu. An nuna shi a cikin bidiyon Tarihin Channel MonsterQuest .

#### Karɓar baƙi
A cewar Bryce Christianson, ga Ƙungiyar Laburaren Amirka, Magajin garin "ya haskaka ra'ayoyin da suka dace da abubuwan da suka faru na mutanen farko da ke fuskantar shaidar rayuwar da ta gabata" a cikin "aikin farko [wanda] ya maye gurbin bambancin al'adu da fahimtar da ba a yi ba.  Norman MacLeod (Natural History Museum, London), ya rubuta a cikin *Paleontologia Electronica* cewa ya "ba da kunya" a cikin littafin 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka, masu binciken tarihi da yawa da suka yi kira ga masu ilimin halitta, da yawa waɗanda ba su ba su ba a baya.

### ''Sarkin guba'' (2009)
A cikin littafinta na huɗu, The Poison King: The Life and Legend of Mithradates, Roma's Deadliest Enemy, Mayor ya ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin rayuwar Mithradades, shugaban tsohuwar mulkin Black Sea na Pontus, wanda, a ƙarni na 1 BC, ya yi duk abin da zai iya don hambarar da Jamhuriyar Roma. Littafin yana ƙoƙari ya ba da abubuwan da suka faru daga ra'ayi na Pontic, sabanin ra'ayi ya Roman. The Poison King na ɗaya daga cikin biyar da ba fiction ba a cikin National Book Awards, 2009, kuma an fassara shi zuwa Italiyanci, Jamusanci, Rasha, Turkiyya, da Mutanen Espanya.

#### Karɓar baƙi
Peter Stothard, marubuci kuma editan TLS Times Literary Supplement, ya yaba da labarin tarihin "mai ban sha'awa" na Mayor, yana mai lura da cewa tana "yi niyyar ceto sunan [Mithradates'] daga bayanan tarihin da suka fito mafi yawa daga abokan gaba" ta hanyar "yi cikakken amfani da iliminta da sau da yawa da kayan tarihi na dā masu rauni".  A cikin Melbourne Historical Journal, Jeroen W.P. Wijnele ya rubuta cewa Mithrence na Society ya yi amfani da shi game da kyau game da jaridar Mithradates na rayuwa, amma ya yarda da Mithrades na Mith Binciken marubucin Carolyn See a cikin The Washington Post, ya kira The Poison King "kwarewar karatu mai ban sha'awa, yana da ƙarfi a matsayin mai ba da labari," yana ba da hangen nesa wanda ke "mai ban sha'a" yayin da yake ba da "sanciyar hankali da nisa" a kan tsoratar da shekaru.

### ''Amazons'' (2014)
Littafin magajin gari na biyar, The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World, ya bincika tsoffin tatsuniyoyi, tatsuniyoyi، al'adun gargajiya, fasaha, da ilimin kimiyyar da suka shafi mata masu yaƙi da aka sani da Helenawa na gargajiya a matsayin Amazons. Wannan shi ne cikakken labarin farko na mata masu gwagwarmaya a cikin tatsuniyoyi da tarihi daga duniyar Bahar Rum zuwa China. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da bayani game da asalin harshe na kalmar "Amazon" da kuma cikakkun bayanai game da yadda mata masu tsalle-tsalle-tsire na tsaunuka suka rinjayi ra'ayoyin mata masu gwagwarmaya.

#### Karɓar baƙi
Jasmin W. Cyril ya rubuta a cikin *Kadin / Woman 2000* cewa "duk wani mai karatu ko mai bincike zai sami lada sosai ta hanyar nazarin wannan littafin kuma zai sami fa'ida mai yawa a cikin bayanan rubutu da wallafe-wallafen. "  A cikin American Journal of Philology, masanin gargajiya Alison Keith ya soki halin magajin gari na yin maganganun da ba su da tushe, ya bi da al'adun gargajiya, kuma ya yi watsi da yanayin wasu kafofin; Keith ya ji cewa littafin ya kasance "mai arziki a cikin tsohuwar bincike amma mai suna cin gashin kanta a cikin hanyoyin da aka yarda da ilimin kimiyya na al'adun duniya" Masanin gargajiya na Masanin gargajiya.

### ''Alloli da Robots: Labarai, Injinan, da Tsohon Mafarki na Fasaha'' (2018)
Littafin magajin gari na shida ya bincika tatsuniyoyin Girka na gargajiya da sauran al'adun gargajiya game da ƙirƙirar rayuwa ta wucin gadi, na'urori masu motsa kansu, da Artificial Intelligence. Babi na ƙarshe ya bayyana ainihin robots, siffofi masu rai, da injunan da ke motsa kansu waɗanda aka tsara da kuma gina su a zamanin gargajiya da na Helenistic.

#### Karɓar baƙi
Kirkus Reviews ya bayyana littafin a matsayin "tarin tatsuniyoyi masu ban mamaki waɗanda ke gabatar da tsoffin tatsuniyoyi a matsayin labarun almara na kimiyya da suke. "  Masanin gargajiya Peter Thonemann ya kira littafin "mai sha'awa" da "mai sauƙi da kuma shiga tsakani, " amma yana jin cewa kada a haɗa tsohuwar neman matasan har abada a matsayin misali na "rayuwa ta wucin gadi" kuma yana fatan zurfafa bincike na layin kai tsaye daga Aristotle zuwa AI na zamani. Littafin magajin gari shine "labari mai tayar da hankali" na "yadda tsoffin tatsuniyoyin Girka, Romawa, Indiya, da Sinanci suka nuna bege da tsoro game da rayuwar mutum," a cewar Bruce Bower a cikin Science News  yayin da bita na Tattalin Arziki ya yaba da binciken "mai ban sha'awa" na "tsoffin tatsuniyoyi. . . cike da robots, androids da halittu na inji . . . waɗanda suka tsira a rubuce-rubuce da kuma gani. "

## Littattafai

* The First Fossil Hunters: Paleontology in Greek and Roman Times (Princeton University Press 2000; rev. 2011) -    
* Wutar Girka, Arrows na guba & Bom na Scorpion: Yaƙin Biological da Chemical a cikin Dā ta Duniya (Overlook 2003; rev. 2022) -   
* *Tarihin burbushin halittu na Amurkawa na farko* (Princeton University Press 2005) -   
* Sarkin guba: Rayuwa da Labarin Mithradates, Maƙiya mafi Mutuwa ta Roma (Princeton University Press 2009)   
* Griffin da Dinosaur: Yadda Adrienne Mayor ta gano wata alaƙa mai ban sha'awa tsakanin Myth da Kimiyya, tare da Marc Aronson (National Geographic 2014)   
*  
* Alloli da Robots: Myths, Machines, da Tsohon Mafarki na Fasaha (Princeton University Press 2018) -   
* *Macizai masu tashi & Griffin Claws: Da Sauran Tarihi na gargajiya, Tarihin Tarihi, da Masana'antar Kimiyya* (Princeton University Press 2022) 

## Haɗin waje

* https://hps.stanford.edu/mutane/adrienne-mayor
* https://classics.stanford.edu/people/adrienne-mayor

## Manazarta