Mapo tofu

Mapo tofu(cinanci: 麻婆豆腐; pinyin: mápó dòufu) sanannen abinci ne daga lardin Sichuan a ƙasar Sin. Ana yin sa da tofu (cuku na soya) da aka saka cikin miya mai ƙayatarwa da zafi, wacce galibi tana da ruwa, mai mai kaɗan, mai launin ja mai haske. Miyar tana ɗauke da sinadaran kamar douban(ɗanyen wake da barkono da aka bar su su daɗe) da douchi(baƙar wake da aka daddaɗe), tare da nama da aka niƙa — yawanci naman sa.  

Akwai irin wannan girki da ake ƙara wasu kayan haɗi kamar:  

- Gyada ruwan itace (water chestnuts)  

- Albasa  

- Diyar kayan lambu  

- Ko kuma fungus na itace (wood ear fungus)  

Ana kyautata zaton asalin wannan abinci ya samo ne daga wani gidan abinci a birnin Chengdu a cikin shekarun 1860 zuwa 1870.   

## Asalin suna da tarihi
"Ma" yana nufin *mazi* ,, wanda ke nufin alamar alade. "Po" shine harafin farko na *pópo* ,, ma'ana tsohuwar mace ko kaka. Don haka, *màpó* wata tsohuwa ce wacce fuskarta a ɗaure take. Don haka a wasu lokuta ana fassara shi da "ƙaƙƙarfan wake na kakarta". 

Bayanan tarihi sun danganta tarihin mapo tofu da gidan abincin Chen Mapo a Chengdu.    An buɗe shi a cikin 1862  ko 1874  a matsayin gidan cin abinci na Fanpu mai suna ChenXingSheng ta wasu ma'aurata mai suna Chen, kusa da sanannen gadar Wanfu. A cewar Li Jieren, sigar farko da Misis Chen ta kirkira, an yi masa lakabi da "Chen Mapo", wanda abinci ne mai sauki, wanda aka yi da chili, naman alade, tofu, da barkonon Sichuan .  A cikin 1920s, Chen Mapo ya dauki hayar wani mai dafa abinci mai suna Xue Xiangshun, wanda ya canza wurin cin abinci zuwa gidan abinci kuma ya kammala girke-girke na tofu na mapo ta hanyar dafa naman sa maimakon naman alade da kuma ƙara douchi.  

A cewar *Mrs. Chiang's Szechwan Cookbook* : " Eugene Wu, Librarian na Harvard Yenching Library, ya girma a Chengdu kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa a matsayin ɗan makaranta ya kasance yana cin Pock-Marked Ma's Bean Curd ko *mapo doufu*, a wani gidan cin abinci wanda asalin Pock-Marked Ma kanta ke gudanar da shi. Wanda ya ba da umarni da yawa da nauyin nama, za a auna nauyin nama kuma za a iya yankewa. sannan ta dafe tana kallon mai cin abinci ta isa teburin sabo, mai kamshi, da zafi sosai, ko *la*, har ya sa gumi ya fito." 

A kasar Japan, wani mai dafa abinci na kasar Sin-Japan Chen Kenmin ya gabatar da shi kuma ya shahara. Ɗansa, Chen Kenichi, ya sa ya fi shahara kamar yadda ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin jita-jita na alamar kasuwanci a kan shirin talabijin *na Iron Chef* .   

## Halaye
Ingantacciyar mapo tofu tana da yaji sosai tare da kayan yaji na ada da kuma yanayin *malà* (ƙarin yaji) na abincin Sichuan. Sau da yawa ana bayyana jin daɗin jita-jita ta hanyar dafa abinci ta amfani da takamaiman sifofin Sinanci guda bakwai: *má*(numbing)  *la* (zafi mai yaji), *tàng*(zafin zafi), *xiān*(sabo), *nèn*(mai taushi da taushi), *xiāng*( aromatic), da kuma *su*(lalata). Sahihin nau'in jita-jita yana ƙara samun sauƙi a waje da kasar Sin a yau, amma yawanci ana daidaita shi don abubuwan da ba na Sichuan ba.

Sinadaran da suka fi muhimmanci kuma masu mahimmanci a cikin tasa waɗanda ke ba da dandano na musamman su ne ɗanɗaɗɗen wake (gishiri mai gishiri) daga gundumar Pixian ta Sichuan ( ), fermented black wake, chili man, chili flakes, Sichuan peppercorns, tafarnuwa, ginger, da koren albasa .  Ƙarin kayan aikin sun haɗa da ruwa ko haja, sukari (ya danganta da gishirin alamar man wake da ake amfani da shi), da sitaci (idan ana so a yi kauri). 

## Bambance-bambance
Ana iya samun Mapo tofu a gidajen cin abinci a wasu lardunan kasar Sin, da kuma a Japan da Koriya inda dandano ya dace da dandano na gida. A Yamma, sau da yawa jita-jita yakan canza sosai, tare da ƙazantar da yaji don faɗaɗa sha'awar sa. &#x5B; &#x5D; **  faruwa ne musamman a gidajen cin abinci na kasar Sin wadanda ba su da kwarewa kan abincin Sichuan . Ana yin tasa sau da yawa ba tare da nama ba don roƙon masu cin ganyayyaki, ta amfani da shiitake, sauran namomin kaza da ake ci, ko naman naman da aka maye gurbinsu. A cikin shirya nau'in cin ganyayyaki na tasa, mutum zai iya ƙara kayan lambu masu tsini ( *zha cai* ko *ya cai* ) don ƙirƙirar ƙarin dandano don daidaitawa don rashin nama, amma waɗannan zaɓi ne. Hakanan za'a iya ƙara pickles a cikin abincin da ba na cin ganyayyaki ba idan ana so.  

## Gallery

Fayil:HK_TST_Chungking_Mansion_Cke_大家樂_Cafe_de_Carol_Restaurant_Mapo_doufu.JPG|alt=Mapo tofu in Hong Kong| Mapo tofu a Hong Kong
Fayil:Mabodoufu_with_rice.jpg|alt=Mapo tofu at a restaurant in Kobe, Japan| Mapo tofu a gidan abinci a Kobe, Japan
Fayil:Homemade_Mapo_doufu.jpg|alt=Homemade mapo tofu| Mapo tofu na gida
Fayil:Vegan_Mapo_Tofu_(30795840725).jpg| Vegan mapo tofu