Frederick Selous

**Frederick Courteney Selous**, DSO / / səˈluː / ; 31 ga Disamba 1851 - 4 ga Janairu 1917) ɗan bincike ne ɗan Birtaniya, jami'in soja, ƙwararren mafarauci, kuma mai kare muhalli, wanda ya shahara da ayyukansa a Kudu maso Gabashin Afirka . Kasadar rayuwarsa ta gaske ta zaburar da Sir Henry Rider Haggard don ƙirƙirar halin almara Allan Quatermain .   Selous abokin Theodore Roosevelt ne, Cecil Rhodes da Frederick Russell Burnham . Ya kasance fitacce a cikin ƙungiyar mafarauta masu farautar namun daji waɗanda suka haɗa da Abel Chapman da Arthur Henry Neumann . Shi ne babban ɗan'uwan masanin tsuntsaye kuma marubuci Edmund Selous .

## Rayuwa ta farko da bincike
An haifi Frederick Courteney Selous a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1851 a Regent's Park, London, a matsayin daya daga cikin yara biyar na dangin tsakiya, ƙarni na uku na zuriyar baƙon Huguenot. Mahaifinsa, Frederick Lokes Slous (asalin rubutun) (1802-1892), ya kasance Shugaban Kasuwancin Kasuwancin London, kuma mahaifiyarsa, Ann Holgate Sherborn (1827-1913), mawaki ce da aka buga. Ɗaya daga cikin kawunsa shine mai zane, Henry Courtney Selous . Frederick yana da 'yan'uwa mata uku (Florence (an haife ta 1850), Annie Berryman (an haifi ta 1853), da Sybil Jane (an haifu ta 1862)), da kuma ɗan'uwa ɗaya (Edmund Selous (1857-1934)) wanda ya zama sanannen masanin tsuntsaye. Ƙaunar Frederick ga waje da namun daji ta kasance ta ɗan'uwansa ne kawai; duk da haka, duk dangin suna da sha'awar fasaha, tare da samun nasara a kasuwanci.

A 42, Selous ya zauna a Worplesdon kusa da Guildford a Surrey, kuma ya auri Marie Catherine Gladys Maddy mai shekaru 20 (an haife ta 1874), 'yar malamin Canon Henry William Maddy . Suna da 'ya'ya maza uku: Frederick Hatherley Bruce Selous (1898-1918), Harold Sherborn Selous (1899-1954), da Bertrand Selous, wanda aka haife shi da wuri a ranar 6 ga Yuli 1915  kuma ya mutu bayan kwana biyar.

### Matasa
Tun yana ƙarami, Selous ya jawo hankalin labarun masu bincike da abubuwan da suka faru. Bugu da ƙari, yayin da yake makaranta, ya fara kafa tarin kansa na ƙwai na tsuntsaye daban-daban da nazarin Tarihin halitta. Ɗaya daga cikin asusun da malaminsa ya bayar a makarantar a Northamptonshire Selous ya ba da labarin lokacin da yake da shekaru 10: 

A ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1867, Selous mai shekaru 15 yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka tsira daga Bala'in wasan motsa jiki na Regent's Park,  lokacin da kankara da ke rufe tafkin ya fashe tare da kusan masu tsere 200 a ciki, ya bar mutane 40 da suka mutu ta hanyar nutsewa da daskarewa. Ya tsere ta hanyar tsalle-tsalle a kan kankara zuwa gabar.

Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Bruce Castle, Tottenham,  sannan a Rugby . Iyayensa suna fatan zai zama likita, kuma a 1868, ya tafi Switzerland don karatun likita. Koyaya, ƙaunarsa ga tarihin halitta ta kai shi ga nazarin hanyoyin dabbobin daji ke zaune a cikin mazauninsu. Tunaninsa ya sami ƙarfi sosai daga wallafe-wallafen binciken Afirka da farauta, Dokta David Livingstone, da William Charles Baldwin musamman. Ya koma Prussia, inda ya koyi Jamusanci kuma ya fara tattara butterflies.

### Binciken Afirka
Lokacin da ya tafi Afirka ta Kudu lokacin da yake da shekaru 19, ya yi tafiya daga Cape of Good Hope zuwa Matabeleland, wanda ya isa a farkon 1872, kuma inda (bisa ga asusun kansa) Lobengula, Sarkin Ndebele, ya ba shi izini don harba wasan ko'ina a cikin mulkinsa.

Daga wannan lokacin har zuwa 1890, Selous ya farauta kuma ya bincika yankunan da ba a san su sosai ba a arewacin Transvaal da kudancin Kogin Kongo (tare da 'yan gajeren lokaci da aka yi a Ingila), yana harbi Giwaye na Afirka da tattara samfurori iri-iri don gidajen tarihi da tarin masu zaman kansu. Tafiye-tafiyensa sun kara da ilimin ƙasar da yanzu ake kira Zimbabwe. Ya yi bincike mai mahimmanci na Ethnological, kuma a duk lokacin da yake yawo - sau da yawa tsakanin mutanen da ba su taɓa ganin farar fata ba - ya ci gaba da dangantaka mai kyau da shugabannin da kabilun, ya sami amincewarsu da girmamawa, musamman ma a batun Lobengula.

## manazarta