Royal Society for the Protection of Birds

Ƙungiyar **Royal Society for the Protection of Birds** ( **RSPB** ) ƙungiya ce ta agaji da aka yi wa rijista a Ingila da Wales  da kuma a Scotland. An kafa ta a shekarar 1889. Tana aiki don haɓaka kiyayewa da kare tsuntsaye da muhalli mai faɗi ta hanyar wayar da kan jama'a, koke-koke da kuma ta hanyar gudanar da wuraren adana namun daji a duk faɗin Burtaniya.

A shekarar 2023/24, RSPB ta sami kudaden shiga na fam miliyan 169, ma'aikata 2,517, masu aikin sa kai 13,500 da kuma mambobi miliyan 1.1 (ciki har da matasa 195,000), wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama daya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin kare namun daji a duniya. RSPB tana da kungiyoyi da dama na gida kuma tana kula da wuraren adana namun daji 222.

## Tarihi

Asalin RSPB ya ta'allaka ne da ƙungiyoyi biyu na mata, waɗanda aka kafa a 1889:

* Emily Williamson ce ta kafa ƙungiyar Plumage League [ 5 ] a gidanta da ke Didsbury, Manchester, a matsayin ƙungiyar masu zanga-zanga da ke fafutukar nuna adawa da amfani da manyan crested grebe da kittiwake fata da gashin fuka-fukai a cikin tufafin gashi . Gidan yanzu yana cikin Lambun Furen Fletcher Moss.
* An kafa ƙungiyar Fine, Jawo da Feather Folk a Croydon ta hannun Eliza Phillips, Etta Lemon, Catherine Hall, Hannah Poland da sauransu. 

Ƙungiyoyin sun sami karɓuwa sosai kuma sun haɗu a shekarar 1891 don kafa Ƙungiyar Kare Tsuntsaye a Landan. Ƙungiyar ta sami Yarjejeniyar Sarauta a shekarar 1904.

Membobin farko na SPB duk mata ne  waɗanda suka yi fafutukar yaƙi da salon lokacin na mata su sanya gashin fuka-fukai na waje a cikin huluna, da kuma ƙarfafa " farauta mai launin toka ". Don haka, ƙungiyar tana da ƙa'idodi biyu masu sauƙi:

A lokacin da aka kafa shi, cinikin gashin fuka-fukai don amfani da huluna ya yi yawa sosai: a kwata na farko na 1884, ana shigo da kusan fatun tsuntsayen aljanna 7,000 zuwa Birtaniya, tare da tsuntsaye 400,000 daga Yammacin Indiya da Brazil, da kuma tsuntsaye 360,000 daga Gabashin Indiya.

A shekarar 1890, ƙungiyar ta buga takardar farko, mai taken *Destruction of Ornamental-Plumaged Tsuntsaye*,  da nufin ceton al'ummar ƙabilar ta hanyar sanar da mata masu arziki game da lalacewar muhalli da amfani da gashin fuka-fukai ke yi. Wani littafi da aka buga a shekarar 1897, mai suna *Bird Food in Winter*,  ya yi nufin magance amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa a matsayin kayan ado na hunturu kuma ya ƙarfafa amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa na roba don kiyaye tushen abincin tsuntsaye. A shekarar 1897, SPB ta rarraba haruffa sama da 16,000 da takardu 50,000 kuma zuwa 1898 tana da membobi 20,000. 

Ƙungiyar ta sami goyon baya daga wasu mata masu matsayi a zamantakewa waɗanda suka fito daga cikin azuzuwan zamantakewa waɗanda suka shahara da sanya hula masu gashin fuka-fukai, ciki har da Duchess na Portland (wadda ta zama Shugaban farko na Ƙungiyar) da kuma Ranee na Sarawak . Yayin da ƙungiyar ta fara samun goyon bayan wasu mutane masu tasiri da yawa, maza da mata, kamar Farfesa Alfred Newton, masanin kwalliya, ya sami karbuwa sosai kuma ya jawo hankalin sabbin membobi da yawa. Ƙungiyar ta sami Yarjejeniyar Sarauta a shekarar 1904  daga Edward VII, shekaru 15 kacal bayan kafa ta, kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen roƙon Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya da ta gabatar da dokoki da suka haramta amfani da gashin fuka a cikin tufafi. 

A lokacin da aka kafa ƙungiyar a Birtaniya, an kuma kafa irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi a wasu ƙasashen Turai. [ 15 ] &#x5B; ** &#x5D; A shekarar 1961, ƙungiyar ta mallaki The Lodge da ke Sandy, Bedfordshire, a matsayin sabon hedikwatarta.  Tambarin RSPB yana nuna avocet . Robert Gillmor ne ya tsara sigar farko. 

A yau, RSPB tana aiki tare da ma'aikatan gwamnati da kuma Gwamnati don ba da shawara ga manufofin Gwamnati kan kiyayewa da kare muhalli .  Yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi da dama da ke tantance jerin matsayin kiyayewa na hukuma ga duk tsuntsayen da aka samu a Burtaniya.

Hukumar RSPB ba ta gudanar da asibitocin tsuntsaye ba kuma ba ta bayar da ayyukan ceto dabbobi ba. 

Kamfanin RSPB ya shiga haɗin gwiwa da kamfanin gina gidaje na Burtaniya Barratt Developments a shekarar 2014.

### Ajiye

Hukumar RSPB tana da wuraren ajiyar dabbobi sama da 200 a duk faɗin Burtaniya, waɗanda suka mamaye wurare daban-daban, tun daga magudanar ruwa da laka zuwa dazuzzuka da wuraren zama na birane .  A cikin wuraren ajiyar dabbobi, galibi suna da fatun tsuntsaye da aka tanadar wa masu lura da tsuntsaye kuma da yawa suna ba da cibiyoyin baƙi, waɗanda suka haɗa da bayanai game da namun daji da ake iya gani a can. 

### Kyaututtuka
Ƙungiyar RSPB tana bayar da kyaututtuka, ciki har da Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa, ga masu aikin sa kai waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga ayyukan al'umma.

#### Lambar RSPB
A cewar RSPB:Lambar yabo ta RSPB ita ce lambar yabo mafi daraja da ƙungiyar ta bayar. Ana ba wa mutum ɗaya don girmama kare tsuntsayen daji da kuma kiyaye su a karkara. Yawanci ana ba da ita kowace shekara ga mutum ɗaya ko kuma wani lokacin biyu. 

## Manazarta