Charles David Allis

**Charles David Allis** (Maris 22, 1951 - Janairu 8, 2023) masanin ilmin halitta ne na Amurka, kuma Farfesa Joy and Jack Fishman a Jami'ar Rockefeller . Shi ne kuma Shugaban Dakin Gwaji na Chromatin Biology da Epigenetics, kuma farfesa a Shirin MD-PhD na Tri-Institutional (sauran cibiyoyi biyu sune Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta Memorial Sloan Kettering da Weill Cornell Medicine ). 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Allis kuma ya girma a Cincinnati, Ohio . Mahaifinsa ƙwararren mai tsara birane ne, mahaifiyarsa kuma malamar makarantar firamare ce.  Ya shiga Jami'ar Cincinnati a shekarar 1969, yana karatun fannin ilmin halittu . Ya fara samun gogewarsa ta bincike na asali a shekararsa ta farko (ko ta huɗu) a fannin digirin farko na Kimiyya . Wannan gogewar ta ja hankalinsa ga bincike, kuma ya tafi Jami'ar Indiana Bloomington don karatun digiri na biyu.  Ya kammala karatunsa da digirin MSc a shekarar 1975 da kuma digirin PhD bayan shekaru uku, a ƙarƙashin kulawar Anthony Mahowald .  

## Sana'a
Allis ya yi karatun digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Rochester bayan ya sami digirin digirgir na uku .  A shekarar 1981, ya shiga Kwalejin Likitanci ta Baylor a matsayin mataimakin farfesa a Sashen Biochemistry da Sashen Cell Biology, kuma an ɗaukaka shi zuwa mataimakin farfesa a shekarar 1986 da kuma cikakken farfesa a shekarar 1989.  Ya shiga Sashen Halittu a Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Jami'ar Syracuse a shekarar 1990. 

Allis ya koma Jami'ar Rochester a shekarar 1995, kuma ya zama Marie Curran Wilson da Joseph Chamberlain Wilson Farfesa a fannin ilmin halittu shekaru biyu bayan haka. A shekarar 1998, Allis ya tafi Sashen Biochemistry da Molecular Genetics a Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Virginia . Ya shiga Jami'ar Rockefeller a shekarar 2003 a matsayin Farfesa Joy da Jack Fishman kuma Shugaban Dakin Gwaji na Chromatin Biology da Epigenetics .

An yi wa Allis magani saboda cutar kansa.  Ya mutu a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 2023, a wani asibiti da ke Seattle, Washington . 

## Bincike
Allis ya shahara da bincikensa na gyare-gyaren histone da alaƙarsu da tsarin chromatin . Ya fara aiki akan *Tetrahymena*, wani eukaryote mai siffar ciliated unicellular . *Tetrahymena* kyakkyawan zaɓi ne don nazarin acetylation na histone saboda ƙwayoyin halittarsa guda biyu . Yana da babban macronucleus wanda ke aiki a rubuce kuma yana da somatic, da ƙaramin micronucleus wanda ba shi da shiru a rubuce kuma yana da ƙwayar cuta .  Ilimin halittar Chromatin a lokacin ba batun da aka fi sani ba ne; kuma ba a yi amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta masu siffar ciliated ba. 

A shekarar 1996, ƙungiyarsa ta ware histone acetyltransferase p55 daga *Tetrahymena*, wani enzyme wanda ke samar da acetylates histones, kuma ta gano cewa enzyme ɗin yayi daidai da Gcn5p, wani sanannen mai kunna rubutu a cikin yisti .   Wannan shine karo na farko da aka haɗa histone acetyltransferases da kunna rubutun DNA,  wanda ya tabbatar da hasashen Vincent Allfrey a shekarun 1960 cewa histone acetylation yana daidaita rubutun.  

Bayan wannan rahoto mai zurfi, Allis ya ci gaba da nazarin acetylation na histone, yana gano ƙarin histone acetyltransferases, gami da TAF1 (wani ɓangare na factor transcription factor TF  D da ake buƙata don fara transcription).  Allis ya kuma yi fice wajen binciken histone phosphorylation da histone methylation . Ya haɗa histone phosphorylation da mitosis da mitogen stimulation,   kuma ya kafa dangantaka mai alaƙa tsakanin histone phosphorylation da acetylation.  Ya kuma tantance rawar da methylation ke takawa a lysine 9 na histone H3,  ya gano sunadaran da ke ɗauke da yankin SET a matsayin histone methyltransferase,  kuma ya gano cewa histone ubiquitylation yana daidaita histone methylation. 

A shekara ta 2000, Allis da Brian Strahl sun gabatar da "hasashe na lambar histone ", wanda ya bayyana cewa ana sarrafa kwafin DNA ta hanyar gyare-gyaren histone .  Daga baya, Allis (tare da Thomas Jenuwein ) sun danganta lambar histone da epigenetics a fili,  kuma sun fahimci mahimmancin gyaran histone a asibiti, musamman a cikin ciwon daji .  

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, hankalinsa ya koma ga "oncohistones", waɗanda su ne histones tare da maye gurbi waɗanda ke karkatar da gyare-gyaren histone na yau da kullun, wanda ke haifar da cutar kansa.  

## Daraja da kyaututtuka

* Memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka (2001) 
* Kyautar Dickson a fannin likitanci (2002) 
* Kyautar Massry (2003) 
* Kyautar Wiley a Kimiyyar Halittu (2004) 
* Memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa (2005) 
* Kyautar Daliban Da Suka Fi Kyau, Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Jami'ar Cincinnati (2007) 
* Kyautar Gidauniyar Gairdner ta Duniya (2007) 
* Ƙungiyar Amurka don Biochemistry da Molecular Biology - Kyautar Merck (2008) 
* Kyautar Lewis S. Rosenstiel don Aiki Mai Kyau a Binciken Likitanci na Asali (2010) 
* Kyautar Japan (2014) 
* Grand Prix Charles-Leopold Mayer (2014) 
* Kyautar Nasara a Kimiyyar Rayuwa (2015) 
* Kyautar Gruber a fannin Halittar Jiki (2016) 
* Kyautar Maris na Dimes a fannin Ilimin Halittar Ci Gaba (2017) 
* Kyautar Albert Lasker don Binciken Lafiya na Asali (2018) 
* Memba na Kwalejin Magunguna ta Ƙasa (2019) 
* Kyautar Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Albany (2022) 

Allis memba ne na Phi Beta Kappa lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Cincinnati . 

An kafa Asusun Kula da Matasan Masana Kimiyya na C. David Allis a Jami'ar Rockefeller don girmama shi.  

## Manazarta