Rifat al-Assad

**Rifaat Ali al-Assad** (Arabic: رِفْعَتُ عَلِي أْأَسَدِ, : ; An haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1937) shi ne ƙaramin ɗan'uwan marigayi Shugaban Siriya, Hafez Assad, da Jamil al-Assid, kuma kawun shugaban ƙasar Bashar al-Assed. An zarge shi da zama kwamandan da ke da alhakin kisan kiyashi na Hama na shekarar 1982. Daga baya kayan da aka bayyana sun goyi bayan ikirarinsa cewa ɗan'uwansa Hafez al-Assad ne ke da alhakin, kamar yadda wasu masu sharhi suka yi. Duk da zarge-zarge, Rifaat koyaushe ya musanta laifinsa. Rifaat ya zauna a gudun hijira a Faransa na tsawon shekaru 36 kuma ya koma Siriya a watan Oktoban shekarar 2021 bayan an same shi da laifi a Faransa na samun miliyoyin Yuro da aka karkatar daga jihar Siriya. A watan Satumbar 2022, babbar kotun Faransa, Cour de Cassation, ta tabbatar da hukuncin.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi da
An haifi Rifaat al-Assad a ƙauyen Qardaha, kusa da Lattakia a yammacin Siriya a ranar 22 ga watan Agustan Shekarar 1937. Ya yi karatun Kimiyya da Tattalin Arziƙi a Jami'ar Damascus kuma daga baya aka ba shi digirin digirin-digirgir na girmamawa a Siyasa daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Soviet .

## Kwarewar farko
Rifaat ya shiga Sojojin Larabawa na Siriya a shekara ta 1958 a matsayin Lieutenant na farko, kuma an inganta shi cikin sauri bayan horo a makarantun soja daban-daban na Soviet (musamman a makarantar Yekaterinburg Artillery). A shekara ta 1965, ya zama kwamandan rundunar tsaro ta musamman mai aminci ga reshen soja na Ba'ath kuma nan da nan, ya goyi bayan juyin mulkin Hafez al-Assad na Salah Jadid da kuma karbar mulki a shekarar 1970.
An ba shi izinin kafa ƙungiyar soja ta kansa, Kamfanonin Tsaro, a cikin shekarar 1971, wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya canza zuwa rundunar soja mai ƙarfi da na yau da kullun da Tarayyar Soviet ta horar da ita. Ya kasance ƙwararren ɗan fashi.

## A ƙarƙashin mulkin Hafez

Rifaat al-Assad ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin mamayar ikon zartarwa da ɗan'uwansa a shekarar 1970, wanda ake ƙira Juyin Juya Halin, kuma ya jagoranci manyan jami'an tsaro na cikin gida da Kamfanonin Tsaro (Arabic: سرايا الدفاع; Sarāyā ad-Difāʿ) a cikin 1970s da farkon 1980s. Baya ga matsayinsa na soja, Rifaat ya kirkiro "League of Higher Graduates" (Arabic), wanda ya ba da dandalin tattaunawa game da al'amuran jama'a ga ɗaliban Siriya, a waje da ƙuntatawa na jam'iyyar Baath. Tare da rassa sama da goma sha biyar a duk faɗin Siriya, wannan aikin al'adu ya tara dubban mambobi. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin shekarun 1970s kuma, har zuwa 1984, mutane da yawa sun gan shi a matsayin mai yiwuwa magajin ɗan'uwansa. Hafez Assad ya nada shi mataimakin shugaban kasa na biyu a watan Maris na shekara ta 1984.

A shekara ta 1976, ya ziyarci Lebanon a matsayin baƙo na Tony Frangiyeh tun lokacin da suke da dangantaka ta kusa da ta mutum. Da yake magana game da tattaunawarsu daga baya, ya ce "a ƙarshe, ku [Kiristoci] kun da kyau a matsayin masu haƙuri da ke zaune a ƙarƙashin Islama. Sakamakonmu ga ridda shine mutuwa: Musulmai ba za su yarda da mu kamar yadda za su iya yi maka ba; za su kashe mu a matsayin masu laifi na addininsu. "yana nufin gaskiyar cewa kamar yadda Alawites dangin Assad dole ne su kasance masu tsattsauran ra'ayi kamar yadda Musulmai masu tsattstsauran ra-tsalle suka ƙi Alawites a matsayin 'yan ridda har ma fiye da yadda suka ƙi Kiristoci.

## Duba sauran wasu abubuwan

* Iyalin Al-Assad
* Shugabancin Hafez al-Assad

## Manazarta