Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin

**Justin Ahomadegbé-Tomêtin** (Janairu 16, 1917 - Maris 8, 2002) ɗan siyasan Benin ne wanda ya fi kowa aiki lokacin da ake kiran ƙasarsa da Dahomey. Ya taso ne a fagen siyasa inda mutum ya zayyana ikonsa ta wani yanki na Dahomey wanda ya zama shugaban majalisar dokokin Dahomey daga Afrilu 1959 zuwa Nuwamba 1960 kuma a matsayin Firayim Minista kuma mataimakin shugaban Dahomey daga 1964 zuwa 1965.

Ahomadégbé ya zama shugaban ƙasa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin da ke juya ofis tsakanin manyan ƴan siyasa uku: Ahomadégbé, Hubert Maga, da Sourou-Migan Apithy. Maga ya mika mulki cikin lumana ga Ahomadégbé a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 1972. A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 1972, aka hambarar da shi a juyin mulkin da Mathieu Kérékou ya jagoranta. Duk ukun sun kasance a tsare a gida har zuwa 1981.

## Rayuwar farko da shiga siyasa
An haifi Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin a ranar 16 ga Janairu, 1917, zuriyar sarakunan Abomey, garin da aka haife shi. Ya halarci École William Ponty da Makarantar Magunguna ta Yammacin Afirka a Dakar. Ya yi aikin Sojan Faransa na ɗan lokaci kaɗan, inda ya kai matsayin Sajan. Bayan ɗan gajeren aikinsa na soja, Ahomadégbé-Tomtin ya yanke shawarar yin aikin likitan haƙori, yana buɗe ofis a Porto-Novo.

Asalinsa memba ne na kungiyar Dahomeyan Progressive Union (UPD), a shekarar 1946 ya kafa kungiyar jama'ar Afirka (BPA), kuma ba da jimawa ba aka zabe shi a babban majalisar. An sake zabe shi a 1952. A 1955 BPA ta hade da UPD ta kafa Dahomeyan Democratic Union (UDD). Ya kasance mai sukar tsarin mulkin Faransa, kuma ya sami tasiri wajen hada kansa da kungiyoyin kwadago. Yin amfani da wannan, An zaɓi Ahomadégbé-Tomtin Magajin garin Abomey a cikin zaɓe na Nuwamba 1956.

Sakamakon zaben yankuna na 1959 ya kasance kamar haka: Jam'iyyar Republican ta Dahomey (PRD), karkashin jagorancin Sourou-Migan Apithy ta sami kujeru 37 da kuri'u 144,038; Dahomeyan Democratic Rally (RDD), karkashin jagorancin Hubert Maga ta samu kujeru 22 da kuri'u 62,132; da UDD Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin ta sami wakilai 11 kawai don kuri'u 162,179. Wani dan jarida Robert Matthews ya bayyana abin da ya biyo baya a matsayin "fashewar nan take". Magoya bayan Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin sun fara tarzoma mai tsanani har aka kira sojojin Faransa don murkushe su. Apithy da Ahomadégbé-Tomtin sun amince su raba kujeru 18 da ake hamayya da su a yankin kudu maso yamma a tsakanin su sakamakon sulhun da Félix Houphouët-Boigny ya yi. Sai dai Ahomadégbé-Tomtin ya bayyana karara cewa ba zai bar Apithy ya ci gaba da zama firaministan Dahomey ba, amma Apithy ba zai saurari bukatunsa ba. An zabi Maga a matsayin sulhu don zama firaministan kuma an zabe shi a wannan matsayi a ranar 22 ga Mayu, 1959.

## 'Yanci da rashin yarda
A ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1960, Dahomey ya sami 'yancin kai kuma Maga ya zama shugabansa na farko. Jim kadan bayan samun ‘yancin kai, jam’iyyu uku suka hade cikin jam’iyyar “Patriotic Action Front” inda suka mayar da Dahomey mazabar zabe daya. A karkashin wannan tsarin, za su samar da jerin sunayen ‘yan takarar da duk wanda ya samu rinjaye zai lashe dukkan kujerun majalisa. Bai daɗe ba; Ba da daɗewa ba, Ahomadégbé-Tomtin ya balle daga ƙungiyar kuma, ta yin amfani da rashin jin daɗi a tsakanin mutane game da ƙarancin ayyuka a ƙasar, ya tunzura zanga-zangar. A watan Satumban 1960 ya yi iƙirarin cewa ƙasa mai jam’iyya ɗaya ce kawai mafita ga tabarbarewar tattalin arziki; tun da ya rabu da daya, yana neman wata jam’iyyar da zai jagorance shi.

A halin da ake ciki, Maga ya sa Houphouët-Boigny ya amince da RDD a matsayin reshen Dahomeyan na Rally Democratic Democratic Rally. Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin ya kasance koyaushe yana yarda cewa UDD ita ce kawai wakilin Rally.

A karshen watan Satumba Ahomadégbé-Tomtin ya gamsar da kungiyoyin kwadagon cewa ya mallaki su sake fara wani yajin aiki saboda gazawar Maga wajen inganta ci gaban kasa da tabbatar da walwalar ma’aikata. Yajin aikin da ya gudana a babban birnin Dahomey na Porto-Novo da kuma babban birninsa na Cotonou, ya yi muni matuka, har jami’an ‘yan sanda sun yi amfani da hayaki mai sa hawaye, inda suka kawo karshe lokacin da Maga ya aiko da wasu ‘yan Arewa masu aminci, dauke da baka da kibau suna sintiri a kan tituna cikin dare. A daidai lokacin ne ‘yan jam’iyyar UDD suka shirya wani kudiri na tozarta a majalisar dokokin kasar. Maga ya dogara ga Apithy don neman taimako wajen adawa da wannan kudurin, kuma a ƙarshe an ƙi shi.

Bayan da aka ki amincewa da kudirin, wakilan UDD sun fara barin ayyukansu. Su kuma mataimakan PRD suka maye gurbinsu jim kadan bayan haka PRD da RDD suka hade suka kafa jam'iyyar Dahomeyan Unity Party (PDU) kuma a dabi'ance Maga ya zama shugabanta. A ranar 11 ga Disamba, an zabi Maga a matsayin shugaban kasa kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa Apithy. A zaben 'yan majalisa jam'iyyar PDU ta samu kashi 69% na kuri'un da aka kada, yayin da UDD ta samu kashi 31%,[7] duk da cewa ba ta da wakilci a majalisar dokokin kasar.

## Makircin kisan Maga
A ranar 26 ga Mayu, Ministan yada labarai Albert Tévoédjrè ya sanar da Maga cewa Ahomadégbé-Tomtin ya shirya makarkashiyar kashe shugaban amma an kama shi da wasu 'yan adawa 11. An sanya ranar shari'ar a watan Disamba. Ya bambanta da yawancin shari'o'in siyasa a Afirka kasancewar an gudanar da shi a bainar jama'a kuma an ba da kariya ga lauya daga Paris. A kowane hali, Ahomadégbé-Tomtin ya sami shekaru biyar saboda rawar da ya taka a cikin makircin, kuma an yanke sauran daga hukuncin shekaru daya zuwa goma. An kuma dakatar da UDD. A ƙarshe Maga ya sake su a watan Nuwamba 1962, yana mai cewa a cikin wani watsa shirye-shirye cewa ba wai kawai don kyawawan halayensu a gidan yari ba ne har ma don yin sulhu da tsoffin abokan gabansa.

## Manazarta