Smartphone mai langwasuwa

**Wayar salula mai naɗewa** (wanda kuma ake kira **waya mai naɗewa** ko kuma **mai naɗewa** kawai) wayar salula ce mai siffar naɗewa. Duk da cewa an yi amfani da ƙirar naɗewa a baya a cikin samfuran clamshell ko "flip phone", kalmar "naɗewa" yanzu gabaɗaya tana nufin sabon salo wanda ke nuna nunin faifai masu sassauƙa . Wasu nau'ikan ra'ayin suna amfani da bangarorin taɓawa da yawa waɗanda aka haɗa ta hanyar hinge.   Ra'ayoyi don irin waɗannan na'urori sun samo asali ne tun daga ra'ayin "Morph" na Nokia a 2008  da kuma ra'ayi da Samsung Electronics ta gabatar a 2013,  wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na manyan ra'ayoyi ta amfani da nunin OLED masu sassauƙa.

Wayoyin hannu na farko da ake da su a kasuwa tare da nunin OLED sun fara bayyana a cikin 2018.  Wasu na'urori suna naɗewa a kan madaidaiciyar axis zuwa wani nau'i mai faɗi, kamar kwamfutar hannu yayin da suke ci gaba da amfani da su a cikin ƙaramin yanayi mai naɗewa. Allon na iya naɗewa zuwa bayan na'urar lokacin da aka naɗe, kamar yadda aka gani tare da Royole FlexPai da Huawei Mate X, ko kuma amfani da ƙirar ɗan littafi, inda babban allo mai naɗewa yake a ciki kuma ƙaramin allo akan murfin yana ba da damar yin hulɗa ba tare da buɗe na'urar ba, kamar yadda yake tare da jerin Samsung Galaxy Fold . An kuma samar da wayoyin hannu masu naɗewa a kwance, galibi suna amfani da yanayin clamshell.

Tsarin farko na wayoyin komai da ruwanka da aka saki a kasuwa sun fuskanci damuwa game da dorewa da tsadar su, kuma galibi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin wata dabara .     A shekarar 2023, kusan kashi 1% ne kawai na masu mallakar wayoyin komai da ruwanka a duk duniya suka mallaki wayoyin komai da ruwanka. 

## Tarihi

A shekarar 2006, Polymer Vision ta nuna wata dabara da za a iya naɗewa da kuma wayar salula mai naɗewa, Readius ( zh ), a taron Mobile World Congress (MWC) wanda shi ma yake aiki a matsayin mai karatu.   

A shekarar 2008, Nokia ta gabatar da ra'ayoyi masu rai game da wata na'ura mai sassauƙa da aka yi wa lakabi da "Morph", wadda ke da ƙira mai ninki uku wanda za a iya lanƙwasa shi zuwa siffofi daban-daban, kamar babban na'ura mai buɗewa, na'urar girman waya, da kuma abin ɗaure hannu mai wayo . A cikin wani bincike da aka yi a shekarar 2019 kan wannan ra'ayi, *CNET* ta lura cewa ana iya ɗaukar Morph a matsayin abin da zai fara zuwa farkon jerin wayoyin da aka samar a kasuwa, da kuma nunin damarmaki na gaba. 

A shekarar 2011, Kyocera ta fitar da wata wayar Android mai allon taɓawa biyu da aka sani da Echo, wacce ke dauke da allon taɓawa guda biyu mai inci 3.5. Lokacin da aka naɗe, allon sama ya ci gaba da fuskantar mai amfani yayin da yake rufe allon na biyu. Ana iya nuna manhajoji guda biyu a kan allon, manhaja ɗaya za ta iya zagayawa a kansu, yayin da takamaiman manhajoji kuma suna da tsarin "ingantawa" na bangarori biyu.   Shekaru biyu bayan haka, NEC ta fitar da Medias W a Japan. Ba kamar Echo ba, allon na biyu za a iya naɗe shi a bayan wayar. Kyamarar ta juya tare da allon don firikwensin iri ɗaya ya iya fuskantar gaba da baya  A shekarar 2017, ZTE ta fitar da Axon M tare da irin wannan manne ga Medias W. ZTE ta bayyana cewa kayan aikin wayoyin zamani masu ƙarfi, da haɓakawa ga ayyukan da yawa da tallafin kwamfutar hannu akan Android, sun taimaka wajen inganta wannan ƙwarewar. 

Ci gaban allon OLED siriri da sassauƙa ya ba da damar samun sabbin ƙira da abubuwan da suka shafi tsari. A lokacin babban taron nunin kayan lantarki na masu amfani da kayayyaki a shekarar 2013, Samsung ya gabatar da ra'ayoyi da dama - wanda aka sanya wa suna Youm - don wayoyin komai da ruwanka waɗanda suka haɗa da allon nuni masu sassauƙa. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan ra'ayi shine wayar salula wacce za ta iya naɗewa zuwa allon nuni guda ɗaya, mai girman kwamfutar hannu ba tare da katsewa ba. Manufar Youm ta farko da ta zama samfurin samarwa ita ce Galaxy Note Edge - wani fablet mai ɓangaren allon da ya gangara kan bezel na hannun dama.    

Hasashe game da ci gaban wayoyin da ke naɗewa ta amfani da allon OLED ya fara bayyana cikin sauri a shekarar 2018. A watan Janairun 2018, an ruwaito cewa LG Electronics ta sami takardar izinin ƙira don wayar salula mai naɗewa.  Daga baya a watan Yuni, an ruwaito cewa Microsoft tana ƙirƙirar irin wannan na'ura a matsayin wani ɓangare na layin Surface ɗinta, mai suna "Andromeda" (ita kanta magajiyar ruhaniya ce ga samfurin kwamfutar hannu mai allo biyu da Microsoft ke bincike a ƙarshen shekarun 2000 da aka sani da Courier ),   yayin da aka ce Samsung ma yana ƙirƙirar irin wannan na'urar. 

A watan Nuwamba na 2018, kamfanin Royole na kasar Sin ya fitar da wayar salula ta farko da za a iya naɗewa a kasuwa tare da allon OLED, Royole Flexpai . Ta nuna allon waya guda ɗaya mai inci 7.8 wanda ke naɗewa a waje, yana barin allon a fallasa lokacin da aka naɗe shi.  Daga baya a wannan watan a taron masu haɓaka wayar, Samsung ta yi ba'a a hukumance wani samfurin wayar salula mai naɗewa, wanda za a samar "a cikin watanni masu zuwa". Samfurin ya yi amfani da tsarin littafi mai kama da na ɗan littafi, tare da allon "InfinityFlex" wanda ke cikin na'urar, da ƙaramin allon "murfi" a gaban na'urar don ba da damar shiga lokacin da allon ya rufe.  A wani taron masu haɓaka wayar, Mataimakin Injiniya na Android Dave Burke ya bayyana cewa sigar da ke tafe ta dandamalin za ta samar da haɓakawa da jagora da suka dace da na'urorin naɗewa, ta amfani da fasalulluka da ake da su. 

A watan Janairun 2019, shugaban kamfanin Xiaomi Lin Bin ya buga wani bidiyo a kan Sina Weibo, inda ya nuna shi yana nuna wata wayar salula mai siffofi biyu da za a iya naɗewa a ciki.  Samsung ta bayyana Galaxy Fold a hukumance a lokacin taron manema labarai a Mobile World Congress a watan Fabrairun 2019.  Tare da Galaxy Fold, taron ya kuma ga an bayyana ko an yi wa wasu wayoyin salula masu naɗewa wasa, kamar Huawei Mate X,  da TCL suna gabatar da ra'ayoyi daban-daban na samfura waɗanda ke nuna fasahar "DragonHinge" (gami da na'urar da aka yi da munduwa).  LG bai bayyana na'urar da aka naɗe ba, yana mai nuna sha'awar mayar da hankali kan sake samun kasuwa a kasuwar wayoyin salula. Duk da haka, ta bayyana wani kayan haɗi na akwati na "Dual Screen" don wayar salula ta LG V50 - akwati mai salon folio wanda ke ɗauke da allon nuni na biyu a ciki. 

Wasu kamfanoni sun nuna sha'awarsu ga wannan ra'ayi, ko kuma sun sami haƙƙin mallaka kan ƙira (kamar aiwatar da hinge da ƙira gabaɗaya) da suka shafi wayoyin da za a iya naɗewa. Motorola Mobility ta sami haƙƙin mallaka don wayar salula mai lanƙwasa a kwance kamar wayoyin fasalin clamshell .   

A watan Afrilun 2019, ana sa ran ƙaddamar da Galaxy Fold zai fuskanci damuwa daga masu suka, bayan rahotanni da dama na na'urorin bita da ke fuskantar matsaloli daban-daban na rashin kyawun allo (a wasu lokutan da aka samu sakamakon cire wani filastik da aka yi niyya don kare allo maimakon gilashi, tare da wasu matsaloli). Samsung ta dage sakin na'urar ba tare da wani bata lokaci ba, tana mai cewa tana buƙatar lokaci don bincika gazawar da kuma inganta dorewar na'urar.   Huawei ta kuma jinkirta Huawei Mate X, inda kamfanin ya ambaci sha'awarta ta ɗaukar matakin "taka tsantsan" saboda Samsung Galaxy Fold .  

A watan Nuwamba na 2019, Motorola ta ƙaddamar da Razr ɗinta mai lanƙwasa a kwance - wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar tsohon layin wayar Razr da aka fitar a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2020.   Samsung ta kuma sanar da irin wannan na'urar da aka sani da Galaxy Z Flip . 

Huawei ta sanar da Mate Xs a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 2020 a matsayin gyaran kayan aiki na Mate X na asali; an sake shi a "kasuwannin duniya" a wajen China a watan Maris na 2020. Na'urar tana da nuni mai ɗorewa, ingantaccen aikin hinge da kuma tsarin sanyaya da aka sake tsarawa, da kuma sabon Kirin 990 5G SoC da Android 10 tare da EMUI 10.  Daga baya Samsung ta bayyana Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 2 a watan Satumba na 2020.

A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 2021, Huawei ta saki Huawei Mate X2 . A watan Maris na 2021, Xiaomi Technology ta sanar da Xiaomi Mi MIX Fold . A watan Agusta na 2021, an fitar da Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 3 da Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 3. A ranar 15 ga Disamba, 2021, OPPO ta sanar da OPPO Find N.

A ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 2022, Vivo ta gabatar da Vivo X Fold . A ranar 11 ga Agusta, 2022, Xiaomi ta fitar da Xiaomi MIX Fold 2. An sanar da Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 4 da Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 4 a fitowar Galaxy Unpacked ta watan Agusta, 2022. An fitar da Galaxy Z Fold 4 a ranar 25 ga Agusta, 2022, sannan aka fitar da Galaxy Z Flip 4 a ranar 26 ga Agusta, 2022.

Motorola Mobility ta ƙaddamar da Moto Razr 2022 a ranar 11 ga Agusta 2022. Kasuwar China ce kawai ke samunsa, amma akwai hasashen cewa zai iya samuwa ga sauran kasuwannin duniya a wani lokaci daga baya.    A watan Yunin 2023, Motorola Mobility ta sanar da sabbin Razr (2023) da Razr+ (2023) ga kasuwar Amurka.  

Huawei Mate XT ita ce wayar salula ta farko da za a iya ninkawa sau biyu, ko kuma sau uku  , wacce aka fitar a watan Satumba na 2024.    Ana iya amfani da na'urar da akwati mai kickstand, da kuma madannai mai naɗewa tare da trackpad da aka gina a ciki don samar da kwarewa kamar PC na tebur.     A ranar 1 ga Disamba, 2025, Samsung ta sanar da Samsung Galaxy Z TriFold, wayar da za a iya ninkawa sau uku wadda aka fitar a ranar 12 ga Disamba, 2025, kuma za a sake ta a kasuwar Amurka a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 2026. 

## Sassan

### Kayan nuni
Wayoyin hannu masu naɗewa galibi suna amfani da allon OLED mai sassauƙa, maimakon gilashi (kamar samfurin Corning 's Gorilla Glass, wanda ake amfani da shi a yawancin wayoyin hannu masu matsakaici da na zamani). Allon filastik na halitta suna da ikon riƙe radius mai lanƙwasa da ake buƙata don wayar salula mai naɗewa, amma sun fi saurin kamuwa da kuraje fiye da allon wayoyin salula na gilashi na gargajiya. Duk da cewa Corning tana samar da samfurin gilashi mai sassauƙa wanda aka sani da Willow Glass, kamfanin ya bayyana cewa tsarin kera shi yana buƙatar amfani da maganin gishiri - don haka ya sa bai dace da allon lantarki ba saboda gishirin na iya lalata transistor da ake amfani da su a cikin bangarorin OLED (wanda aka gina kai tsaye akan allon). Duk da haka, kamfanin ya bayyana a watan Maris na 2019 cewa yana cikin tsarin kera gilashin mai sassauƙa wanda ya dace da wayoyin komai da ruwanka, wanda zai zama  mai kauri kuma yana da  radius mai lanƙwasa. 

Samsung ya gabatar da Galaxy Z Flip tare da kyamarori  - gilashi mai kauri "mai bakin ciki sosai" tare da filastik mai kama da Galaxy Fold, wanda Samsung ya ƙera tare da kayan Schott AG, wanda "ana samar da shi ta amfani da tsari mai ƙarfi don haɓaka sassauci da juriyarsa", kuma an allurar da shi da "kayan aiki na musamman har zuwa zurfin da ba a bayyana ba don cimma tauri mai daidaito". Gwajin damuwa ta tashar YouTube JerryRigEverything ya nuna cewa allon ya goge lokacin da aka shafa shi da pick tare da ƙimar Mohs na 2 (idan aka kwatanta, yawancin wayoyin komai da ruwanka da tashar ta gwada suna fara fuskantar karce tare da pick 6 da 7), yana sanya karkonsa ya yi daidai da sauran wayoyin naɗewa. Duk da haka, *The Verge* ta lura da sanarwar Samsung cewa na'urar tana ɗauke da wani Layer na polymer mai kariya kamar na Galaxy Fold.  

## Jerin masana'antun wayoyin salula masu naɗewa

* Google
* Daraja
* Huawei
* Infinix
* Motorola
* OnePlus
* OPPO
* Samsung
* Vivo
* Xiaomi
* ZTE
* Tecno
* Royale
* Nubiya

## Duba kuma

* Telephones portal
* Clamshell design
* Dual-touchscreen
* Flexible display
* Form factor (mobile phones)
* Laptop

## Nassoshi