Tsabtace mai mai cin abinci

**Tsabtace mai mai cin abinci** shine tsari ko jiyya da ake buƙata don juya man kayan lambu zuwa man mai cin nama.

Ruwan kayan lambu, wanda aka samo daga tsaba ta hanyar matsawa, cirewa, ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta kyauta da sauran abubuwan da suka dace kamar su phospholipids, waxes, peroxides, Aldehydes, da ketons, waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga dandano mara kyau, ƙanshi, da bayyanar;  saboda waɗannan dalilai, dole ne a tsaftace duk mai. 

### Rashin hankali
Man kayan lambu ya ƙunshi Lecithins, phospholipids, da karafa, waɗanda galibi ake kira, saboda bayyanarsu, *gum* mucilaginous ko kawai gum. Tsarin kawar da gums ana kiransa degumming. Wadannan gums sune emulsifiers na halitta, wanda zai iya haifar da karuwa a cikin viscosity wanda shine muhimmin siginar samfurin ƙarshe. Saboda wannan matsala ta jiki, yana da mahimmanci a yi wannan mataki na farko tunda babban viscosity na iya haifar da matsaloli yayin matakan tacewa na gaba.

Dangane da man fetur, waɗannan abubuwa sun fi ko žasa, don haka degumming ba mataki ne na tilas ba: ya dogara da darajar Lecithins na tushen da kuma maida hankali ga gums a cikin man fetur. Misali, wannan mataki ya fi yawa a cikin man soya da man rapeseed, wanda ke dauke da gums da yawa, fiye da man sunflower. Saboda haka, ana haɓaka matakai daban-daban na degumming.

#### Rashin ruwa
Ana amfani da wannan tsari gabaɗaya lokacin da ƙananan abubuwan phospholipids ke ciki, kamar a cikin kwakwa da Man dabino. Ana haɗa man fetur tare da maganin citric acid, don daidaitawa karafa da phospholipids. Yawancin lokaci, ana aika cakuda kai tsaye zuwa maganin bleaching.

#### Rashin hankali
A cikin wannan tsari, ana kula da man fetur tare da Maganin ruwa na wakili na chelating. Hakazalika da maganin da ya gabata, maganin yana daidaita karafa da phospholipids, duk da haka wakili na chelating da aka yi amfani da shi, kamar EDTA, yana iya cire fiye da 90% na abun ciki na phosphorus a cikin matrix kamar man rapeseed.

#### Cikakken tsari na degumming
Har ila yau an taƙaita shi a matsayin TOD, wannan shine tsarin gargajiya inda ake kula da man fetur tare da ruwa mai acid sannan a kula da shi da tushe, ko dai a wannan mataki ko a lokacin tsaka-tsaki.

#### Rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa
A cikin wannan tsari, ana amfani da ikon gums don samar da micelles, wanda aka raba ta amfani da tsari mai kama da Ultrafiltration. Yin amfani da wannan ka'idar, yana yiwuwa a raba ba kawai gums ba, har ma da wasu ƙazanta, kamar su fatty acids, don iyakance ƙarin matakai na mai da rage sharar gida da makamashi don tsarkake shi. Koyaya, ana buƙatar amfani da hexane don samar da micelles, kuma a cikin matakai waɗanda za a iya kauce masa, ƙarancin yana da ƙanƙanta, don haka ba zai yiwu a kan sikelin masana'antu ba.

#### Ragewar enzymatic
A cikin wannan tsari enzymes, waɗanda ke iya hydrolyze phospholipids, ana ƙara su zuwa man fetur. Tare da wannan hanyar yana yiwuwa a guje wa amfani da zafin jiki mai girma da na wakilai masu acidic. Koyaya, farashin enzymes da kuma buƙatar hanyoyi daban-daban na rabuwa suna wakiltar manyan matsalolin tsari.

### Kashewa
Neutralization ya ƙunshi cire free fatty acids, wanda ya fito ne daga wani ɓangare na halitta hydrolysis na triglycerides. Game da gajeren kitse mai, ana yin wannan ta hanyar cire tururi, kamar a cikin dabino ko man kwakwa. In ba haka ba, ana ƙara pH ta hanyar ƙara maganin sodium hydroxide ko lime. Ana canza fatty acids zuwa sabulu, wanda aka raba shi daga matakin ruwa na asali, kuma an miƙa shi zuwa magani na biyu tare da ruwa mai zafi a 65-90 ° C. Ana kiran samfurin wannan mataki **.&nbsp;

#### Sauran matakai
Don rage sabulu, amfani da makamashi, da kuma tushe da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tsari, an yi gwaje-gwaje daban-daban a ƙoƙarin inganta tsarin. Misali, an nuna cewa yana yiwuwa a raba wasu ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta kyauta ta hanyar membrane degumming.

Wata fasaha ta kimanta esterification na free fatty acids ƙarfe da glycerol don dawo da man kayan lambu, duka tare da karfe catalysis da kuma amfani da microorganisms. Koyaya, duk waɗannan ƙoƙarin sun kasance marasa dacewa fiye da tsarin tsaka-tsaki na asali.

### Winterization ko dewaxing
Winterization ko dewaxing tsari ne wanda aka raba mai daga waxes, tocopherols, da sauran phospholipids, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin turbidity a cikin mai idan sun kasance a cikin samfurin ƙarshe. A cikin tsari na yau da kullun, ana motsa man zafin jiki na ɗaki yayin da yake sanyaya a hankali, don ya rushe duk abubuwa da ke narkewar zafi. Ana rarraba abubuwa masu ƙarfi ko dai ta hanyar decantation, tacewa, centrifugation, ko wasu dabarun rabuwa da ruwa.

Tunda crystallization tsari ne mai wahala, kuma mai na halitta yana nuna nau'o'i daban-daban da tushen botanical, an haɓaka bambance-bambance daban-daban, inda ake amfani da yanayin zafi daban-daban kuma ana amfani da kasancewar ko gabatarwa na surfactants, phospholipids ko kayan narkewa na kwayoyin don inganta rabuwa.

## Manazarta