open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Devorah Bertonov

**Devorah Bertonov** (Ibraniyawa: דבורה בר__ilo____ilo____ilo__ 12 Maris 1915 - 19 Afrilu 2010) ta kasance mai rawa ta Isra'ila, mai tsara wasan kwaikwayo kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. Ta kasance majagaba na rawa da zane-zane a Isra'ila.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Devorah Bertonov 'yar Yehoshua Bertonov ce, ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Habima a Moscow, wanda kuma ya lashe kyautar Isra'ila.[1] An haife ta ne a Tbilisi, Georgia (wanda a lokacin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Daular Rasha) a 1915. Iyalinta sun yi hijira zuwa Mandatory Palestine a 1928 kuma sun ƙaura a Tel Aviv . Ta yi karatun rawa a Berlin daga 1929 har zuwa 1932. [1]

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa
An ba Bertonov Kyautar Isra'ila a shekarar 1991. Making Way for a Green Leaf wani shirin fim ne game da Bertonov wanda aka yi fim lokacin da take da shekaru 85. 

## Dubi kuma

* Waƙar Isra'ila
* Jerin wadanda suka lashe kyautar Isra'ila

## Manazarta
Harsunan Sangiric

**Harsunan Sangiric** wani rukuni ne na yarukan Austronesian da ake magana a Arewacin Sulawesi, Indonesia da ƙananan tsibirai da yawa a arewacin da ke cikin Philippines. An rarraba su a matsayin reshe na rukuni na Philippines.

## Rarraba
Shirin rarrabuwa mai zuwa ya fito ne daga James Sneddon (1984:57). 

Ana magana da yarukan Arewacin Sangiric a cikin tsibirin Sangir da Talaud na Indonesia a arewacin Sulawesi, da kuma Tsibirin Sarangani na Philippines a kudancin Mindanao. Ana magana da yarukan Sangiric na Kudu a wurare da aka warwatsa a arewacin Sulawesi. Ana magana da Bantik a yankin Manado, yayin da ake magana da Ratahan a kudancin Tafkin Tondano.

## Sake ginawa
Sneddon ya sake gina Proto-Sangiric (PSan) (1984). 

### Fasahar sauti

Cikakken yanayin sauti na *R ba a bayyane yake ba. Halinsa shine Sangil , Sangir, Ratahan , Talaud , Bantik zero. Sneddon ya yi hasashen cewa yana iya kasancewa mai haɗuwa da ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa tare da rikice-rikice, wanda shine yadda aka saba da Sangil

## manazarta
South Mindanao languages

Harsunan **Kudancin Mindanao** ko **Bilic** rukuni ne na harsuna masu alaƙa da Bagobo, Blaan, Tboli, da Teduray na kudancin gabar tekun Mindanao Island a Philippines ke magana. Ba sa cikin dangin yaren Mindanao wanda ya rufe yawancin tsibirin. Harsunan sune:

* Blaan
* Klata
* Tboli
* Teduray

## Rarraba
Kodayake yawanci ana rarraba shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Kudancin Mindanao, Klata (Giangan) a madadin Zorc (2019) ya ɗauki shi a matsayin reshe na farko na yarukan Kusancin Philippines, tare da Bilic ana rarraba su a matsayin reshen 'yar'uwa.

## Sake ginawa
Savage (1986) ya sake gina Proto-South-Mindanaon ta amfani da bayanan Tboli, Koronadal Blaan, da Sarangani Blaan amma ba Teduray ko Giangan ba.

## Lambobin

## manazartq
Harshen Umiray Dumaget

**Umiray Dumaget** yare ne na Aeta da ake magana a kudancin tsibirin Luzon, Philippines .

## Wurin da yake
Ana magana da Umiray Dumaget a bakin tekun Pacific na gabashin Luzon, Philippines, daga kudancin Baler, Aurora, zuwa yankin Infanta, Quezon, da kuma arewacin Tsibirin Polillo .  Himes (2002) ya ba da rahoton ɗan bambancin yare.

Reid (1994)  ya ba da rahoton wurare masu zuwa ga Umiray Dumaget (Central Agta).

* Umiray, Janar Nakar, Quezon
* Dibut, San Luis, Aurora
* Bunbun, Panukulan, Polillo, QuezonSa'ad da ake kira Polillo

Ana kuma magana da yaren a Dingalan, Aurora, musamman a Umiray.

## Fasahar sauti

 kawai ya bayyana a cikin kalmomin aro.

## Rarraba
Umiray Dumaget yana da wuyar rarraba shi. Himes (2002) ya gabatar da haɗin Babban Tsakiyar Philippines. Koyaya, Lobel (2013) : ya yi imanin cewa Umiray Dumaget na iya zama reshe na farko na yarukan Philippine, ko kuma yana iya kasancewa da alaƙa da yarukan Arewa maso gabashin Luzon, Sambali-Ayta (Central Luzon), ko Manide da Inagta Alabat. A cewar Lobel (2013), Umiray Dumaget ba ta cikin rukuni a cikin tsakiya na Philippine ko ma manyan rassan tsakiya na Philippines.
## manazarta
Miriam Bernstein-Cohen

**Miriam Bernstein-Cohen** (Russian) 'yar wasan Isra'ila ce, darekta, mawaki kuma mai fassara.

## Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Miriam Bernstein-Cohen a Kishinev, Daular Rasha . Mahaifinta likita ne kuma mai fafutukar al'umma Jacob Bernstein-Kogan . Ta girma a Kharkov . Bayan horo a matsayin likita ta shiga makarantar wasan kwaikwayo. Ta yi karatu tare da Konstantin Stanislavski a Moscow a 1918 kafin ta koma Moldova a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, inda ta yi aiki a ƙarƙashin sunan Maria Alexandrova .

Bayan ya yi ƙaura zuwa Falasdinu, Bernstein-Cohen ya zauna a Tel Aviv kuma ya shiga kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na farko na ƙasar. A shekara ta 1925, ta kafa jaridar Ibrananci ta farko a Falasdinu da aka keɓe ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo, *Te'atron ve-Omanut* .

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa

* A shekara ta 1975, an ba Bernstein-Cohen Kyautar Isra'ila, don wasan kwaikwayo.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu karɓar kyautar Isra'ila
* Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Isra'ila
* Al'adun Isra'ila

## Manazarta
Harshen Javanese

**[[Java]]** (/ˌdʒɑːvəˈniːz/ JAH-və-NEEZ,  /dʒævə-/ JAV-ə-, /-ˈniːs/ -⁠NEESS;  , Rubutun Javanese: ː, Pegon:  , IPA: [bɔsɔ d͡ʒɔwɔ]) yare ne na Austronesian da Mutanen Javan ke magana da farko daga tsakiyar da gabashin tsibirin Java, Indonesia. Har ila yau, akwai aljihun masu magana da Javanese a arewacin gabar yammacin Java. Harshen asali ne na mutane sama da miliyan 68.

Javanese shine mafi girma daga cikin yarukan Austronesian a yawan masu magana da asali. Yana da yarukan yanki da yawa da kuma wasu nau'ikan matsayi daban-daban. Iyalansa mafi kusa sune yarukan makwabta kamar Sundanese, Madurese, da Balinese. Yawancin masu magana da Javanese suna magana da Indonesian don dalilai na hukuma da kasuwanci da kuma hanyar sadarwa tare da 'Yan Indonesiya da ba na Javanese ba.

Akwai masu magana da Javanese a Malaysia (wanda aka fi mayar da hankali a yankin Yammacin Yammacin jihohin Selangor da Johor) da Singapore. Har ila yau, al'ummomin baƙi na gargajiya na zuriyar Javanese a Suriname, Sri Lanka da New Caledonia suna magana da Javanese.

Tare da Indonesian, Javanese yare ne na hukuma a Yankin Musamman na Yogyakarta, Indonesia . 

## Yankin rarraba
Ana magana da Javanese a duk faɗin Indonesia, ƙasashen da ke kusa da su a Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Netherlands, Suriname, New Caledonia, da sauran ƙasashe. Ana samun mafi yawan masu magana a larduna shida na Java kanta, da kuma lardin Sumatran mai makwabtaka da Lampung.

Ana magana da yaren a Yogyakarta, Tsakiya da Gabashin Java, da kuma arewacin gabar tekun Yammacin Java da Banten. Har ila yau, mutanen Javanese a wasu larduna na Indonesia suna magana da shi a wasu wurare, waɗanda suke da yawa saboda shirin ƙaura da gwamnati ta ba da izini a ƙarshen karni na 20, gami da lardunan Lampung, Jambi, da Arewacin Sumatra. A Suriname, ana magana da Javanese tsakanin zuriyar masu ƙaura da Dutch suka kawo a cikin karni na 19.  A Madura, Bali, Lombok, da yankin Sunda na Yammacin Java, ana amfani da shi azaman harshen wallafe-wallafen. Harshen kotu ne a Palembang, Kudancin Sumatra, har sai da Dutch suka kori fadar a ƙarshen karni na 18.

An rubuta Javanese tare da Rubutun Latin, Rubutun Javanese, da Rubutun Larabci. A yau, rubutun Latin ya mamaye rubuce-rubuce, kodayake har yanzu ana koyar da rubutun Javanese a matsayin wani ɓangare na batun yaren Javanese na tilas a firamare har zuwa matakan makarantar sakandare a Yogyakarta, Tsakiya da Gabashin Java.

## manazarta
Arekan Javanese

***Arekan*** yare ne na yaren Javanese wanda ake magana da farko a yankunan Surabaya, Malang da Lamongan . 

## Rarraba
Yana cikin dangin yaren Austronesian, kuma an rarraba shi a matsayin yaren Javanese.

## Yankin da aka rarraba

Ana magana da shi galibi a Surabaya, tare da masu magana a Malang, Jombang, Pasuran, Mojokerto da Lamongan. Kimanin mutane miliyan 82 ne ke magana da shi.

## Bambance-bambance daga Javanese na yau da kullun

## manazarta
Rubutun jan ƙarfe na Balinese

**Rubutun jan ƙarfe na Bali** ko rubutun Sembiran tarin rubutun jan ƙarfe goma ne, waɗanda aka samo a ƙauyen Sembiran, gundumar Tejakula, Buleleng Regency, a arewacin tsibirin Bali. Dukkanin rubutun suna da kwanan wata, wanda ke tsaka 922 da 1181 AZ, don haka sun haɗa da sama da shekaru 200. Sembiran AI an rubuta shi 844 saka (922 AZ), Sembiran B an rubuta shi 873 saka (951 AZ), Sembirin A II an rubuta shi 897 saka (975 AZ), Sembaran A III an rubuta shi 938 saka (1016 AZ), Sembirana A IV an rubuta shi 987 saka (1065 AZ), kuma Sembiran C an rubuta shi 1103 saka (1181 AZ). Wasu daga cikin tsofaffin rubuce-rubuce an rubuta su a Tsohon Balinese, yayin da wasu daga baya an rubuta su ne a Tsohon Javanese.

Wadannan rubuce-rubucen sune farkon bayani game da yanayin yankin Julah da kewayenta. Rubutun da aka rubuta ya bayyana cewa an rubuta rubutun ne ga "*keraman* na Julah" (tsofaffi na ƙauyen Julah). Wannan yana nuna cewa mazaunan asalin ƙauyen Sembiran sun fito ne daga ƙauyen Julah, wasu daga cikinsu sun koma kilomita 1 zuwa dutsen daga bakin teku don kauce wa hare-hare daga teku.

## Manazarta
Yaren Banyumasan

**Banyumas** (Java_language" id="mwDA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Javanese language">Javanese-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">*basa Banyumasan*), wanda aka fi sani da sunansa na autoglottonym **Ngapak** (), yare ne na Javanese wanda ake magana da shi galibi a yankuna uku na Java: yankin Banyumasan a yankin yammacin lardin Java ta Tsakiya da ke kewaye da Dieng Plateau, Dutsen Slamet da Kogin Serayu; yankin makwabta a cikin lardin Java Yamma; Wannan yanki ya haɗa da Cilacap, Kebumen, Banjar приста, Purbalingga, Bany, Wonos masu zaman kansu a cikin yankin Pemalang, yankin kudancin yankin, yankin yankin yankin, yankin, yankin kudanci tare da yankin yankin Pekang, yankin Batumas, yankin An dauki Banyumasan a matsayin daya daga cikin yarukan Javanese masu ra'ayin mazan jiya (wanda aka kwatanta da nau'ikan Nuorese na Sardinian), yana riƙe da ilimin sauti da wasu fannoni na Tsohon Javanese (Kawi) da ƙamus a cikin harshen zamani.

## Tarihi
Masana sun raba ci gaban yaren Javanese zuwa matakai huɗu daban-daban:

* Karni na 9th-13th, wanda aka sani da Tsohon Javanese .
* Karni na 13 zuwa 16, ya ci gaba zuwa Javanese na Tsakiya.
* Karni na 16 zuwa 20, ya ci gaba zuwa Farkon Javanese na zamani.
* Tun daga karni na 20, ya ci gaba zuwa Javanese na zamani.

Matakan da ke sama sun rinjayi fitowar daular a Java. A cikin tarihin al'adun Javanese, daular sun samar da wasu maki daban-daban na harshe, kowane matsayi yana wakiltar matsayi na zamantakewa na masu magana (musamman manyan mutane da jama'a). Wadannan maki na harshe ba su da tasiri sosai ga Mutanen Banyumasan. A yankin Banyumasan, ana amfani da manyan maki ne kawai lokacin da ake magana da baƙo da ake zaton ya fito ne daga gabashin Java watau Yogyakarta / Surakarta da sauransu, ko kuma a wasu lokuta. A zamanin yau mutanen Banyumasan suna amfani da Javanese mai girma ga baƙo, mutum mai daraja da tsofaffi. Tsarin Surakartan da Yogyakartan yawanci ana ɗaukar su a matsayin harshen Javanese.

## Kalmomin kalmomi
Banyumasan da yawa bambance-bambance idan aka kwatanta da Javanese na yau da kullun, galibi a cikin phonology, furci da ƙamus. Wannan ya faru ne saboda bambancin al'adu ko halayyar da kuma amfani da kalmomin Tsohon Javanese a yanzu. Wani bambanci shi ne cewa furcin wasula ba shi da rikitarwa.

Ana samun bambancin ƙamus a cikin:

* Kalmar iri ɗaya da ma'anar sauti amma ma'ana daban
* Kalmar iri ɗaya da ma'ana amma sauti daban
* Irin wannan sauti da ma'ana amma furcin daban-daban (canji a kan consonant ko wasali).

## Daraja
Maganar Javanese ta bambanta dangane da mahallin zamantakewa, tana samar da nau'o'i daban-daban guda uku, ko rajista. Kowane salon yana amfani da nasa ƙamus, ka'idojin nahawu har ma da prosody. Wannan ba na musamman ba ne ga Javanese; harsunan Austronesian makwabta da harsunan Gabashin Asiya kamar Koriya, Jafananci da Thai suna da irin wannan gine-gine.

A yankin Banyumasan, ana amfani da salon Madya da Krama da wuya, yawanci ga baƙo wanda ake zaton ya fito ne daga gabashin Java () kamar Yogyakarta, Surakarta da dai sauransu ko kuma a wasu lokuta, salon gabas na harshe (basaanan wet) mai suna  (daga ).

## manazarta
Friedrich Zauner

}**Friedrich Ch. Zauner** (19 Satumba 1936, a Rainbach im Innkreis - 30 Nuwamba 2022, a Shärding) marubuci ne kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo na ƙasar Austria, wanda aka fi tunawa da shi saboda tarihin rayuwarsa mai suna Das Ende der Ewigkeit, wanda aka buga tsakanin 1992 da 1996.. Ya kasance mai karɓar Kulturpreis des Landes Oberösterreich da kuma Kyautar Heinrich Gleißner .   

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Agnes Tjongarero

**Agnes Basilia Tjongarero** (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Mayu 1946) 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Namibiya.

An haifi Tjongarero a ranar 17 ga watan Mayu, 1946 a Walvis Bay, Afirka ta Kudu (a yau Namibia). Tsakanin shekarun 1968 da 1975 ta yi horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya, ungozoma, manajar aikin jinya da kuma mai koyar da aikin jinya, sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta a wata kwalejin aikin jinya har zuwa shekara ta 1992. 

Tjongarero ta kuma taka rawa a fannoni daban-daban na gudanar da harkokin wasanni. Ta kasance shugabar kungiyar All Namibia Netball Association tsakanin shekarun 1993 da 1997 kuma mataimakiyar shugabar hukumar wasanni ta Namibia tsakanin shekarun 2006 da 2009. Ita ce shugabar kwamitin wasannin Olympics na ƙasa na Namibia tun a shekarar 1997. 

Tjongarero 'yar jam'iyyar SWAPO ce. Shugaba Hifikepunye Pohamba ne ya naɗa ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa a shekarar 2010.  A shekarar 2015 aka naɗa ta mataimakiyar Ministan Wasanni, Matasa da Hidimar Ƙasa. A watan Maris na 2020, an ƙara mata matsayi a matsayin minista.

## Manazarta
Lambobin Javanese

**Lambobin Java** ( Javanese     ; Old Javanese 

Javanese yana da wadataccen maganganun lambobi. Abin da aka rubuta a nan shi ne nau'in a cikin rubuce-rubucen Javanese. Magana Javanese ko yaruka na iya ɗaukar nau'o'i daban-daban.

## Lambobin

### Lambobin asali
Lambobin 0-9 suna da siffofi masu zaman kansu da masu gyarawa. Ana amfani da masu gyara don samar da iko na 10 ko canza jimlar abubuwa. A wasu lokuta, akwai kalmomi fiye da ɗaya don lambar da ke nuna tsarin rajista Javanese na  (ƙananan rajista) da  (babban rajista), da kuma kalmomi daga wani nau'in wallafe-wallafen Javanese da ake kira  kuma an samo shi daga Tsohon Javanese.



### Matasa, tween, da lambobi talatin
Kamar Ingilishi, Javanese yana da siffofi masu mahimmanci ga matasa; duk da haka, yana da jerin 'tweens', 21-29. Matasa sun dogara ne akan tushen *wĕlas* kuma tweens akan *likur*.

Musamman ga lambobi tsakanin 30 da 40, akwai tsari guda biyu: tsari mai kyau da kuma gajeren tsari (wan Isaiah).

### Ikon 10
Lokacin da aka haɗa lambobi na asali tare da iko na 10, ana amfani da mai gyarawa. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana amfani da mai gyara ɗaya (*sa-*) a matsayin misali.

### Lambobin "ƙananan rabi"
Akwai kalmomi 3 da ke nufin "ƙananan rabin" wasu lambobi. *Tĕngah* yana nufin rage rabin 1, *sashi* yana nufin rage rabi na 10, kuma *bĕlah* yana nufin rage hafu na 100. 

Tsarin shine *ka*- + lambar asali + rage rabin lambar. An yanke shawarar darajar wuri ta hanyar rage rabin lambar, don haka *Lima* ("biyar") a cikin *kalima tĕngah* (4 + 1⁄2) yana nufin biyar, yayin da lima a cikin *Kalima sasur* (45) yana nufin hamsin.  

Don ƙimar wuri sama da 100, ana amfani da mahadi da ke dauke da bĕlah. Rashin rabin 1000 shine bĕlah iwu . Rashin rabin 10,000 shine *bĕlah .* .

## manazarta
Lucia Witbooi

**Lucia Witbooi** (an haife ta a ranar 21 ga watan Maris 1961) malamar Namibia ce kuma 'yar siyasa ce ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasar Namibia ta huɗu tun daga shekarar 2025. Kafin ta zama mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa, ta kasance 'yar majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa daga shekarun 2009 zuwa 2025.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Lucia Witbooi a Gabes, Kudu maso Yammacin Afirka,  a ranar 21 ga watan Maris 1961,  a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan Willem Witbooi da Anna Witbooi goma sha biyu. Iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Gibeon, Namibia, a shekarar 1967, don noma, amma Lucia ta ƙaura zuwa Keetmanshoop don samun ilimi. 

Witbooi ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Sakandare ta Suiderling a shekarar 1979, tare da takardar shaidar babbar makarantar firamare daga Jami'ar Namibia a shekarar 1996, tare da takardar shaidar difloma a fannin ilimi daga Kwalejin Azaliah don Ci gaba da Ilimi Mai Girma, da kuma takardar shaidar difloma a fannin ilimi daga Jami'ar Port Elizabeth a shekarar 1999. Ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta na tsawon shekaru 27.  

## Aiki
A zaɓen shekara ta 2009, an zaɓi Witbooi a Majalisar Dokokin Namibia a matsayin 'yar takara ta 34 a jerin zaɓen SWAPO.    A shekarar 2023, ta tsaya takarar Mataimakiyar Sakatare Janar na SWAPO, amma daga baya ta janye. 

A lokacin da Witbooi ke aiki a majalisar dokoki, ta yi aiki a kwamitocin harkokin waje, tsaro da tsaro na tsaro, da kuma kwamitocin kula da jinsi da iyali, sannan kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar kwamitin fasahar sadarwa da bayanai. Ta kasance mataimakiyar ministan daidaiton jinsi da walwalar yara daga shekarun 2015 zuwa 2020, da kuma mataimakiyar ministan harkokin cikin gida, shige da fice, tsaro da tsaro daga shekarun 2023 zuwa 2025. 

Shugaba Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah ta naɗa Witbooi a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugaban ƙasar Namibia a ranar 22 ga watan Maris 2025. Naɗin nata ya sanya Namibia ƙasa ɗaya tilo a Afirka da ke da shugabar ƙasa mace da mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Witbooi ta auri Adam Hendrik Witbooi, wanda ta haifi 'ya'ya uku da shi, tana da shekaru 21. Ta ci gaba da riƙe sunanta na farko domin Adam yana da suna iri ɗaya da nata. Adam ya mutu a hatsarin mota.  

## Matsayinta a siyasa
Witbooi ta yi kira ga Jamus da ta biya diyya saboda kisan kiyashin Herero da Nama. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
* 

* 
* 
* 
*
Alix na Montmorency

**Alix de Montmorency** (ta mutu a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1220/1221) wata fitacciyar mace ce 'yar Faransa. Iyayenta su ne Bouchard V de Montmorency da Laurette,  'yar Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut da Alice ta Namur .

## Rayuwa
A shekara ta 1190, Alix ta auri Simon de Montfort (kimanin 1175 - 25 ga Yuni 1218),  wanda daga baya ya zama Earl na 5 na Leicester . Ta raka mijinta a yakin neman zabensa a lokacin Yaƙin Albigensian kuma kamar mijinta, ta kasance mai ibada sosai. Dukansu sun kasance ƙarƙashin rinjayar Fulk na Neuilly kuma su ne masu goyon bayan Dokar Dominican . 

## Yaƙin Jihadi na Albigensian
Alix ta shiga cikin majalisun 'yan Salibiyya kuma ta ɗauki sojoji masu ƙarfi a Faransa . A shekara ta 1217, ta tsare Yahudawa a Toulouse . [1] Ta je kotun Faransa tare da Folquet de Marselha don neman goyon baya, amma tana kusa lokacin da aka kashe mijinta yayin da ya kewaye Toulouse. Bayan haka ta koma gidan danginta kusa da Paris . [1]

## Batun
Alix da Simon suna da wasu daga cikin waɗannan:

* Amaury de Montfort ,
* Daga ƙarshe Simon ya mallaki mulkin Leicester kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a zamanin Henry III na Ingila, inda ya fara Yaƙin Barons na Biyu na 1263–1264.
* Guy de Montfort, Count of Bigorre, ya auri Petronille, Countess of Bigorre, a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1216, amma ya mutu a lokacin da aka kewaye Castelnaudary a ranar 20 ga Yuli, 1220.
* Petronilla, ta zama abbess a gidan sufanci na Cistercian na St. Antoine's. Wata 'yar Amicia, ita ce ta kafa gidan sufanci a Montargis kuma ta mutu a can a shekara ta 1252.

## Manazarta
Javanese (Unicode block)

**Javanese** shine toshe na Unicode wanda ke dauke da haruffa na aksara Jawa da aka saba amfani da su don rubuta Harshen Javanese. 

## Block
Tsarin Unicode na Javanese shine U + A980-U + A9DF. Akwai maki 91 na lambar don rubutun Javanese: haruffa 53, alamomi 19, lambobi 10, da wasula 9:

## Tarihi
Takardun da suka shafi Unicode masu zuwa suna yin rikodin manufar da kuma tsarin bayyana takamaiman haruffa a cikin Javanese block:
Ƙamus na Javanese

**Ƙamus na [[Javanese language|Javanese]]** sun haɗa da harshen Indonesian Javanese. Wannan jerin sunayen da aka zaɓa.

## 1835

: 1835  , K. van Hulst , an dawo da shi 24 Yuli 2020 - Yaren mutanen Holland da Javanese

## 1870

: 1870  - Javanese da Faransa

## 1875

: 1874 - 2nd edition, na 1845 littafin Gericke, J. F. C. (Johann Friedrich Carl); Roorda, T. (Taco), 1801-1874; Vreede, A. C.[en] 

## manazarts
Inge Zaamwani-Kamwi

**Inge Zaamwani-Kamwi** (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba 1958) 'yar kasuwa ce 'yar ƙasar Namibia kuma mai ba da shawara ga shugaban ƙasa.  A ranar 17 ga watan Mayu 2025, an rantsar da ita a matsayin 'yar majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa wacce ba ta da ƙuri'a, daga baya aka naɗa ta a matsayin sabuwar Ministar Noma, Kamun Kifi, Ruwa, da Gyaran Ƙasa bayan da aka sauke Mac Hengari daga kan muƙaminsa.  

Ta taɓa zama manajin darakta na Namdeb, haɗin gwiwar haƙar ma'adinai tsakanin gwamnatin Namibia da kamfanin De Beers, tun lokacin da aka naɗa ta a shekarar 1999. Kafin ta zama jami'a a Namdeb, Zaamwani jami'a ce a Ma'aikatar Ma'adinai da Makamashi ta Namibia daga shekarun 1995-1998.  Duk da haka, ta bar kamfanin a watan Afrilun 2015. 

## Ilimi
Zaamwani ta yi karatu a Cibiyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta Namibia (UNIN) da ke Zambia daga shekarun 1977-1981, lokacin da ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin nazarin ci gaba. Ta kuma sami horon jagoranci na gaba da digiri daga INSEAD, Faransa, Jami'ar Cape Town da Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard (tare da haɗin gwiwar Jami'ar Witwatersrand). Zaamwani lauya ce mai ƙwarewa a fannin hakar ma'adinai, bayan ta sami digirin LLB (Honours) daga Jami'ar Thames Valley da ke Landan, da kuma digirin digiri na biyu a fannin shari'a (LLM) daga Jami'ar Dundee, Scotland. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

== Aiki ==
Zaamwani ta fara aikinta a shekarar 1984 a matsayin jami'ar ayyuka a **majalisar mata** ta [[SWAPO]] da ke [[Lusaka]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]]. Tana da sha'awa a Air Namibia da First National Bank of Namibia Holdings.

Zaamwani-Kamwi tana aiki a matsayin Babbar Jami'iyar Gudanarwa na Namdeb a De Beers Société Anonyme.

Har zuwa watan Yunin 2008, ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci da Masana'antu ta Namibia. Ta kasance Darakta mai zaman kanta a FNB Namibia Holdings Limited tun daga watan Janairun 2000. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Extract Resources Ltd. (Namibia) (Mallakar Gidaje) Ltd. Zaamwani-Kamwi ta kasance Darakta na Extract Resources Ltd. tun daga ranar 3 ga watan Afrilun 2009. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na First National Bank of Namibia Ltd., Namdeb Property (Pty) Ltd., NamGem Diamond Manufacturing (Pty) Ltd., Diamond Board of Namibia, Fishcor and Seaflower Lobster, NOSA Namibia, Zantang Investments (Pty) Ltd. da NABCOA, XNET Trust Fund. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Memba na Hukumar manyan kamfanoni, cibiyoyi da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na Namibia. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Majalisar UNAM, Gidauniyar Nature ta Namibia, Cibiyar Haƙa Ma'adinai da Fasaha ta Namibia, Majalisar Ma'adinai ta Junior Achievement Namibia, Hukumar Horarwa da Horarwa, Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci da Masana'antu ta Namibia. Ita memba ce a ƙungiyar masu daraja ta Lincolns Inn, London kuma abokiyar Cibiyar Jagoranci da Ƙimar Jama'a ta Makarantar Digiri ta UCT. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

## Manazarta
Fernanda Pontífice

**Maria Fernanda Pontífice de Jesus Bonfim** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1955) ƙwararriyar masaniya ce kuma 'yar siyasa a São Tomé. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin mata na farko a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa a shekara ta 1975 kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Ilimi da Al'adu.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a shekarar 1955,  Pontífice ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Lisbon da digiri a fannin adabi.  A watan Disamba na shekarar 1975, an naɗa ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ruƙuni na farko na mata shida a majalisar dokoki.  Bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Al'adu,  a shekarar 2002, an naɗa ta Ministar Ilimi da Al'adu.  An sake zaɓenta a majalisar dokoki a zaɓen 2006, amma a wannan shekarar aka naɗa ta shugabar Jami'ar Lusíada de São Tomé e Príncipe kuma ta yi murabus daga majalisar dokoki don mai da hankali kan wannan matsayi.   A shekarar 2008, an zaɓen ta shugabar sashen mata na Jam'iyyar Democrat Convergence.   Daga baya ta zama shugabar Jami'ar Lusíada. 

## Manazarta
Natália Pedro da Costa Umbelina Neto

**Natália Pedro da Costa Umbelina Neto** (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba 1951) jami'iyar diflomasiya ce ta São Toméan wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar harkokin waje, haɗin kai da al'ummomin ƙasar daga shekarun 2012 zuwa 2014.

## Aiki

Umbelina Neto ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatare Janar na hukumar UNESCO a Sao Tomé da Principe daga shekarun 1990 zuwa 1999.

A shekarar 2007, ta sami digirin PhD a tarihi daga Jami'ar Aix-Marseille  tare da takardar digirin digirgir kan tattalin arziki da zamantakewa na São Tomé da Príncipe daga shekarun 1853 zuwa 1903. 

Ta kasance sakatariyar yankin kula da harkokin zamantakewa da cibiyoyi a gwamnatin yankin tsibirin Príncipe daga shekarun 2010 zuwa 2012.

Ta yi aiki a matsayin ministar harkokin waje, haɗin gwiwa da al'umma na São Tomé da Príncipe daga shekarun 2012 zuwa 2014. 

## Manazarta
Jerin masallatai a Najeriya

Wannan jerin masallatai ne a Najeriya.

## Jadawali

## Duba kuma
 

* Musulunci a Najeriya
* Jerin masallatai a Afirka

## Masallaci

## Haɗin waje

*
Marie-Christine de Lalaing

**Marie-Christine de Lalaing**, ko Philippe-Christine de Lalaing, 'yar Count Charles na II na Lalaing ce da Marie de Montmorency-Nivelle. Ta auri Pierre de Melun, gwamnan Tournai . Bayan mijinta bai dawo ba, ta kare birnin Tournai daga hannun Alexander Farnese, Duke na Parma, a shekara ta 1581. 

## Tsaron Tournai
A tsakiyar ƙarni na 16, masu wa'azin Calvinist sun sami goyon baya sosai a Tournai, duk da ƙoƙarin Philip na biyu na Spain na kawar da wannan motsi. A shekara ta 1576, Janar na Amurka na Netherlands ya naɗa Pierre de Melun a matsayin gwamnan Tournai. Bayan ya bar Tournai don kai hari ga Gravelines, de Melun ya damƙa tsaron Tournai ga laftanarsa da matarsa, Marie-Christine de Lalaing. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan tafiyarsa, an yi wa Yariman Orange gargaɗi cewa Farnese zai kai hari birnin, duk da hunturu mai zuwa. Lokacin da Sojojin Flanders suka isa birnin, Marie-Christine de Lalaing ta tattara sojojinta a cikin wani jawabi: "Ni ne, matar gwamnanku da ke shirin shiga yaƙi, ina yin kasada da rayuwarsa, don hidimar ƙasarsa. Ku bi misali na: Zan fi son in bar rayuwata fiye da in bar ƙasata." Ta ji rauni a cikin juriya. [1]

## Manazarta
Bode Osi

Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu Bode Osi listenⓘ gari ne da ke cikin Jihar Osun, Najeriya. Tana da nisan kilomita 36 (mil 22) daga Osogbo, babban birnin Jihar Osun, kuma tana da nisan kilomita 370 (mil 230) daga Abuja, babban birnin Najeriya. Bode Osi kuma ita ce hedikwatar karamar hukumar Ola Oluwa..

## Yanayi
Bode Osi yana da yanayi savanna na wurare masu zafi (*Aw* bisa ga rarraba yanayin Köppen), kama da mafi yawan Najeriya, tare da Lokacin rigar, lokacin bushewa da yanayin zafi a duk shekara.  yana da mugodi kuma yana da ɗan hazo, yayin da lokacin rigar na iya zama mai zalunci da kuma rufewa. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara yana canzawa tsakanin 65 ° F (18 ° C) da  ° F (34 ° C), da wuya ya faɗi ƙasa da  ° F (16 ° C) ko ya tashi sama da  ° F (37 ° C).

### Yanayin zafi
Lokacin mafi zafi na shekara shine daga Janairu zuwa Afrilu, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun wanda ya wuce  ° F (33 ° C). Tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin  ° F (34 ° C) da ƙananan  ° F (23 ° C), Maris shine watan da ya fi zafi a shekara a Bode Osi.

Lokacin mafi sanyi na shekara shine daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun ƙasa da  ° F (29 ° C). Tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin  ° F (28 ° C) da ƙasa da  ° F (21 ° C), Agusta shine watan da ya fi sanyi a shekara.

### Girgije da hazo
Lokacin rigar yawanci yana faruwa daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba. Satumba yana da matsakaicin kwanaki 24.8 tare da akalla 0.04 inci na hazo, yana mai da shi watan da ya fi yawan ruwan sama. Sauran shekara suna samar da Lokacin fari. Tare da matsakaicin kwanaki 1.2 tare da akalla 0.04 inci na hazo, Janairu shine watan da ke da karancin kwanakin ruwan sama.      

Matsakaicin kashi na sama da girgije ya rufe a Bode Osi ya bambanta sosai a cikin shekara,       tare da mafi kyawun ɓangaren shekara daga Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu. Disamba shine watan da ya fi haske a shekara, tare da sararin sama ya kasance bayyananne, galibi bayyananne ne, ko kuma wani bangare ya rufe 52% na lokacin a matsakaici. Sauran shekara sun fi girgije, tare da Afrilu shine mafi girgije, lokacin da sararin sama ya fi girgije ko mafi yawan girgije 84% na lokacin a matsakaici.

## Gudanarwa
Oba Abioye Oyewole, injiniya kuma tsohon zababben shugaban majalisa, shi ne Olubode (mai mulki na gargajiya) na Bode Osi a shekarar 2017.

## Manazarta
Marie Schellinck

**Marie Schellinck** (25 Yuli 1757, Ghent – 1 Satumba 1840, Menen ), wacce aka fi sani da Shelling,  wata soja ce mace 'yar asalin Austria-Netherlands wadda ta yi yaƙi a juyin juya halin Faransa .

## Rayuwa
Schellinck, wacce ta yi kama da mutum, ta shiga cikin rundunar sojojin Faransa ta 1792 a cikin rundunar sojojin Belgium ta 2. Ta shiga yakin Jemappes a wannan shekarar, inda ta ji rauni mai tsanani. Kwanaki hudu bayan yakin, 10 ga Nuwamba, aka naɗa ta a matsayin mataimakiyar laftanar.

Ta bar aikin soja a shekarar 1795/96 lokacin da ta auri Laftanar Louis-Joseph Decarmin. Ta bi shi a lokacin yakin neman zaben Italiya, kuma bayan ya yi murabus daga aiki a watan Janairun 1808, ta zauna da shi a Lille . 

## Tatsuniya ta Tudun Girmamawarta
Sau da yawa ana ruwaito cewa an yi wa Marie -Jeanne Schellinck ado da Tushen Girmamawa a watan Yunin 1808 ta hannun Sarki Napoleon Bonaparte da kansa kafin ya shiga Ghent, don haka ita ce mace ta farko da ta sami wannan darajar. An ƙawata wannan tatsuniya da jerin yaƙe-yaƙe masu ban sha'awa inda ake tsammanin ta yi yaƙi (Jemappes, Arcole, Marengo, Austerlitz, Jena-Auerstedt da kuma a yakin Poland na 1807), da kuma wani jawabi mai tayar da hankali da Napoleon ya yi wa sojojin da suka taru. [1] A shekara ta 1890, an ƙirƙiro hoton farko wanda ake tsammanin zai nuna bikin. [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Maimaita tatsuniyar da yawa kuma yana zargin cewa tarihin aikin Schellinck da shaidar abokan aikinsa da kwamandoji sun sa aka ba ta fansho na livres 667 a kowace shekara don hidimarta ga Faransa. [2]

An tabbatar da cewa wannan labarin ba daidai ba ne: Napoleon I bai taɓa bambanta mace mai suna Legion of Honor ba kuma yana Bayonne a Kudancin Faransa a watan Yunin 1808.  Mace ta farko da aka yi wa ado da Legion of Honor ita ce Angélique Brûlon, wacce ta karɓi Legion of Honor daga Napoleon III a 1851. 

## Manazarta
Geneviève Prémoy

**Geneviève Prémoy**, wanda aka fi sani da Chevalier Balthazard (1660 &#x2013; 1706), fitaccen jami'in soja ne na Faransa.    Premoy ya yi aiki a rundunar sojojin Louis XIV kuma ya shahara a Faransa ta zamani bayan an buga wani sanannen tarihin rayuwa - wanda wataƙila aka ƙirƙira shi da almara. 

An haifi Premoy a Guise a Picardie . Tun yana matashi, Premoy ya gudu daga gida bayan rikicin cikin gida, ya ci gaba da sanya kayan maza ya kuma shiga cikin rundunar Yarima Condé a shekarar 1676. Daga ƙarshe an ƙara wa Premoy matsayi, kuma ya haura zuwa matsayi saboda jarumtaka a yaƙi, ciki har da shiga Yaƙin Philippsburg (1688) . 

An gano abin da suka aikata lokacin da suka ji rauni a ƙirjinsu a lokacin Yaƙin Mons (1691) . [1] [2] An kira su zuwa Versailles, inda Louis XIV ya sanya su jarumin girmamawa na Order of St Louis. [3] An kori Premoy daga soja amma an ba shi fansho kuma an ba shi izinin ci gaba da riƙe matsayinsa, kuma duk da cewa an umarce su da su saka siket, sun ci gaba da yin ado kamar mutum a saman jikinsu. [4] [3]

An buga tarihin tarihin rayuwar da ake tsammani, *Histoire de la Dragone: contenant les action de Genevieve Premoy*, a 1703.

## Manazarta
Eulalie Papavoine

**Eulalie Papavoine** (11 Nuwamba 1846 A ranar 24 ga Mayu 1875) diki ce a birnin Paris. Ta shiga cikin taron Paris Commune a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya ta motar asibiti.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Hukumar Paris
Eulalie Papavoine ba ta da aure kuma tana zaune tare da Rémy Ernest Balthazar, wani mai sassaka mutane ta hanyar tafiya, wanda kofur ne a cikin rundunar sojojin ƙasa ta 135. Ta haifi ɗa tare da shi. A lokacin taron jama'a na Paris, ta bi shi a matsayin ma'aikacin jinya na motar asibiti zuwa yaƙi a Neuilly, Issy, Vanves, da Levallois . [ 2 ] 

### Kamawa da shari'a
An kama Papavoine bayan Bloody Week, an daure ta a gidan yari a Satory, inda aka gano cewa tana da hannu a harin tare da Louise Michel da Victorine Gorget, sannan aka kai ta da wasu mata kusan arba'in zuwa gidan yarin Chantiers da ke Versailles . Daga ƙarshe aka kai ta wani gidan yari mai mawuyacin hali. [ 4 ]

An fara shari'ar " petroleuses " a ranar 3 ga Satumba, 1871. [ 5 ] An zargi Papavoine, tare da Léontine Suétens, da satar mayafi uku daga wani gida a kan Rue de Solférino . [1] An kafa cibiyar agajin gaggawa a gidan, don kula da waɗanda suka ji rauni a wani fashewa a Avenue Rapp. Papavoine ya ceci waɗanda suka ji rauni, ya ba su taimakon gaggawa a Solférino, sannan ya kai su Hôpital de la Charité . [ 2 ]

Ba ta da wani hukunci a baya, kuma ta musanta cewa ta shiga cikin gobarar da ta faru a unguwar, amma ta yarda cewa ta shirya cibiyar agajin gaggawa a gidan da ke kan titin Rue de Solférino.  Alkali mai kula da gidan yari ya yi mata tambayoyi, ta amsa: [ 6 ]

### Jumla
A ranar 4 ga Satumba, 1871, aka yanke mata hukuncin korar ta zuwa wani sansanin soja mai katanga da kuma rasa 'yancinta na farar hula ("  "). Yayin da take tsare a gidan yari, an ba ta izinin auren Rémy Balthazar, wanda aka tsare a tashar jiragen ruwa a Satory, don halatta ɗanta, wanda yake ɗan shekara huɗu. 

Victor Hugo ya ɗauki nauyin kare kansa, wani ɓangare na Théophile Ferré da Louis Rossel, amma kuma daga cikin mata uku: Léontine Suétens, Eulalie Papavoine, da Joséphine Marchais . Ya ɗauki masu tayar da kayar baya a matsayin mayaƙan juyin juya hali, ba masu laifi ba a ƙarƙashin dokar gama gari. Game da matan uku, ya rubuta: [ 7 ]

## Manazarta
Anne-Marie Trégouët

**Anne-Marie Trégouët** ( née **Perret** ; 23 ga Fabrairu 1925 - 22 ga Maris 2024) tsohuwar jarumar Faransa ce a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu wacce ta shiga cikin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa .

Ta shiga Morbihan a matsayin wakiliyar haɗin gwiwa a Rundunar Sojojin Cikin Gida ta Faransa, ta shiga cikin Maquis de Saint-Marcel kuma ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin  .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Anne-Marie Françoise Perret ga iyayenta manoma a shekarar 1925 a cikin garin Loyat da ke Brittany .  

A ƙarshen shekarar 1943, tana da shekaru 19, ƙungiyar Resistance ta Faransa ta ɗauki ta aiki.  Makarantar sakandare ta Sacré-Cœur da ke Ploërmel, inda take malamar makaranta, Jamusawa ne ke zaune a lokacin, kuma matsayinta a makarantar ya ba ta damar lura da yadda suke zuwa da kuma yadda suke tafiya. Kawunta, Ange Mounier, shi ma ya shiga ƙungiyar Resistance.

A daren 5 ga Yuni 1944, an tura kwamandojin rundunar sojin sama ta musamman (SAS) da ke cikin Operation Dingson a Morbihan, don tallafawa saukar jiragen saman Normandy da ke gudana a lokaci guda.  Waɗannan ayyukan ɓarna ne da yaƙin sata da 'yan daba da aka yi da 'yan mamayar Jamus, domin rage ci gaban sojojin Jamus zuwa yankin Normandy . Shugaban Rundunar Sojojin Cikin Gida ta Faransa (FFI) a Morbihan, Paul Chenailler, ya shirya taron mayaƙan juriya a gonar Nouette, kusa da ƙauyen Saint-Marcel, wanda aka riga aka yi amfani da shi don ayyukan layu .  Anne-Marie Trégouët ta shiga Maquis de Saint-Marcel . Ta yi maraba da masu layu kuma ta shiga cikin ayyukan juriya daban-daban: aika saƙonni, samar da kayayyaki, da jigilar gurneti.

A ranar 18 ga Yuni, an gano maquis ɗin ta hanyar sintiri na Feldgendarmerie kuma yaƙi ya fara. Anne-Marie Trégouët ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin jami'in haɗin gwiwa kuma ta ceci waɗanda suka ji rauni. Bayan da aka tilasta wa SAS da FFI su janye, ta nemi mafaka a wani ƙauye maƙwabta sannan ta ci gaba da aiki a kusa da Ploërmel . An kashe kawunta mai shekaru 39, Ange Mounier daga Ploërmel a Lézonnet, Loyat a ranar 4 ga Agusta yayin wani rikici tsakanin masu sintiri da sojojin Jamus.

Matashiyar malamar ta yanke shawarar barin aikinta na koyarwa don shiga cikin  na tsawon shekara guda. (AFAT), alƙawarin da ba a fahimci shi sosai ba a lokacin domin har yanzu mata ba su da yawa a cikin sojojin Faransa. 

Ta sami lambar yabo ta  tare da bambancin "Zinariya". A ranar 1 ga Agusta 2020, tsohuwar mayaƙin juriya ta sami matsayin jarumi na Legion of Honor a gaban iyalinta a Nantes .  

Ta rasu a ranar 22 ga Maris 2024 a Nantes tana da shekaru 99. An yi jana'izarta bayan kwana uku a cocin Sainte-Élisabeth da ke Nantes kuma an binne ta a makabartar Taupont . 

## Kyaututtuka

* Jarumin Ƙungiyar Daraja (Janairu 1, 2020) 
* Ƙungiyar Masu Yaƙin Sa-kai (1939–1945) 
* Mai Yaƙin Neman Zaman Lafiya na Cross of the Resistance
* Giciyen Mai Faɗa
* Lambar Yabo ta Godiya ta Ƙasa

## Manazarta
Léontine Suétens

**Léontine Suétens** (1846-1891) mai wanki ce kuma mai kula da jama'a . An yanke mata hukunci a shari'ar " pétroleuses ", wadda ta fara a ranar 3 ga Satumba, 1871.

## Rayuwa

### Kafin taron jama'a na Paris
An haifi Léontine Suétens a shekarar 1846 a Beauvais. Mahaifinta, Jean Baptiste Suétens, mai dinki mai ra'ayoyi masu ci gaba, ya tafi Paris a shekarar 1848.  Mahaifiyarta, Sophie Olympe Doudeuil, ita ma ta fito daga dangin ma'aikata.

Ta zauna a cikin ƙawaye tare da wani mai sassaka, Aubert,  tun daga 1864. 

An yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin shekara ɗaya a gidan yari saboda sata a shekarar 1867. 

A shekarar 1870, ta bi abokin aikinta, babban sajan soja na rundunar sojoji ta 135, ta zama cantinière . Ta shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙen Neuilly, Issy, Vanves, da Levallois-Perret, inda ta ji rauni sau biyu. Ta sanya jajayen mayafi, ta ɗauki bindigar Chassepot, kuma ta taimaki waɗanda suka ji rauni. 

### Gwaji
Suétens tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ake tuhuma da shari'ar " pentroleuses " wadda ta fara a ranar 3 ga Satumba, 1871.  Lauyanta ya yi laifi, don haka wani jami'in soja, maréchal des logis Bordelais, ya kare ta: ya "dogara da hikimar majalisar".  Kotun Soja ta yanke mata hukuncin kisa a ranar 4 ga Satumba, 1871, tare da mutane biyu da ake tuhuma tare da ita, Élisabeth Rétiffe da Joséphine Marchais . 

Victor Hugo ya ɗauki nauyin kare kansa, wani ɓangare na Théophile Ferré da Louis Rossel, amma kuma daga cikin mata uku: Léontine Suétens, Eulalie Papavoine, da Joséphine Marchais. Ya ɗauki masu tayar da kayar baya a matsayin mayaƙan juyin juya hali, ba masu laifi ba a ƙarƙashin dokar gama gari. Dangane da matan uku, ya kuma yi tambayar zamantakewa: 

### An tsare shi a Guyana
A cikin Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni a cikin 1875, Léontine Suétens ya auri Aïssa (ben Tafaroui) ben Tebra, wanda aka haifa a Oran kuma ya zauna a Saint-Maurice.

A shekara ta 1877, gwamnan Guiana ya yi korafi game da Suétens da sauran fursunonin da ke tsare, yana mai fushi da cewa sun haifar da "kunya ta dindindin" kuma sun haifar da koke-koke daga ma'aikatan gidan yari. Ya nemi ministan de la Marine "izinin sanya su cikin 'yancin wucin gadi, kamar yadda ake yi wa mata baƙar fata". [1] Duk da haka, an kada kuri'ar afuwa ta wani ɓangare a shekara ta 1879, da kuma afuwa ga dukkan 'yan kwaminisanci da aka la'anta a shekara ta 1880. [1]

Léontine Suétens ta mutu a asibitin Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni a shekarar 1891, tana da shekaru 45. Mijinta ya mutu a shekara mai zuwa a Cayenne .

## Gado
Édith Thomas, masanin tarihi na farko da ya nuna sha'awarsa game da lamarin " pétroleuses ", bai yi wata-wata ba game da rashin laifin Léontine Suétens: mata biyu da aka gurfanar a gaban kotu "na iya shiga cikin gobarar." Amma tabbas ba Élizabeth Rétiffe, Léontine Suétens, Joséphine Marchais, Eulalie Papavoine, ko Aurore Machu ba - waɗanda aka la'anta su a matsayin "pétroleuses", saboda dole ne wani ya kasance mai laifi kuma ba a sami kowa ba." [ 8 ]

Ludivine Bantigny ta yi mata girmamawa a cikin wata wasiƙa "bayan lokaci" a cikin wani babi na *Les Réprouvées.* 

## Manazarta
Louise Delpit

**Louise Delpit** (1870s - Maris 27, 1954) malamar Faransa ce. Ta kasance farfesa a fannin harsunan Faransa da adabi a Kwalejin Smith daga 1908 zuwa 1940, kuma ta yi aikin agaji a Faransa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya .

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Delpit a Beaumont-du-Perigord, Faransa, ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya shida na  da Joséphine Charrier Delpit. Mahaifinta da ɗan'uwansa Albert Delpit duk marubuta ne da aka haifa a New Orleans. Ta kammala karatunta a Kwalejin Sévigné da ke Paris. 

## Sana'a
Delpit ta koyar a Makarantar Brearley da ke birnin New York daga 1900 zuwa 1904, da kuma Makarantar Baldwin da ke kusa da Philadelphia daga 1904 zuwa 1906. Ta zama farfesa a fannin Faransanci a Kwalejin Smith a 1908.  Ta kasance ƙwararriya a fannin wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa,  kuma ta taka rawa a cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa a harabar jami'a.  Ta kula da ɗaliban Smith a tafiye-tafiyen karatu a Paris.  Ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Farfesa ta Jami'a ta Amurka .  Ta yi ritaya a 1940. 

"Nata ita ce mutunci da kuma kyawun zamanin da ya shude," in ji Marjorie Hope Nicolson a lokacin da Delpit ya yi ritaya. "A cikin yanayinta, a cikin jawabinta, da kuma halayenta, ta nuna halin kirki, kamewa, da kuma kame kai na babban zamanin gargajiya, duk da haka, ta kuma mallaki hankali, hankali, da kuma kyakkyawan yanayin babban lokacin wanda take so da adabinsa." [1]

A shekarar 1914, Delpit ta sami  daga gwamnatin Faransa, saboda gagarumin aiki a fannin ilimi.  A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Delpit ta tara kuɗi don ayyukan agaji,  ta koma Faransa, kuma tare da mahaifiyarta da 'yan'uwanta  ta shirya asibiti a ƙauyenta.  

## Littattafai

* *L'Age d'Or de la Litterature Francaise* (1909) 
* *Paris-théâtre contemporain: Rôle Prépondérant des Scènes d'Avant - Garde depuis Trente Ans* (1925) 
* *Wakokin Faransanci na zamani da aka wakilta, 1885-1925* (1927) 
* *Paris-théâtre zamani: deuxième partie* (1938) 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Delpit ya mutu a Faransa, a shekarar 1954, kusan yana da shekaru 80. 

## Manazarta
Gilda Darthy

**Gilda Darthy** (1878–1952) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Faransa.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Darthy a shekara ta 1878. 

## Sana'a
Darthy 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce a kan dandamalin Paris.   Ta sanya kayan kwalliya na Paquin  da Redfern,  kuma ta shahara a fannin bayar da rahotannin kayan kwalliya,  daukar hoto da katunan gaisuwa, tare da jan gashinta da aka saba gani. Jacques-Émile Blanche ta zana hoton Darthy, a hannu a cinya, tana sanye da hula mai manyan furanni. A shekarar 1910, an sanar da ita a matsayin fasinja a cikin jirgin sama daga Algiers zuwa Timbuktu, don taimakawa wajen tallata sabuwar rundunar jiragen saman Faransa a fadin Hamadar Sahara . 

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Darthy ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin jaruman Faransa da suka yi fice a matsayin "La Patrie", wato siffar Faransa.  A shekarar 1916, ta fara fitowa a fim ɗinta na farko a Amurka a cikin *fim ɗin The Ironmaster* na Georges Ohnet, inda jaridar *New York Times* ta ruwaito cewa tana da "ikon motsin rai na musamman da kuma murya mai kyau wacce ingancinta ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan kadarorinta."  An kuma gan ta a birnin New York a shekarar 1917, inda ta fito a cikin *fim ɗin Sapho*,  da kuma fim ɗin *La Rafale* na Henri Bernstein .  Yayin da take Amurka, ta fito a wani taron agaji don agajin yaƙi.  

## Rayuwar mutum da gado

Bayan rawar da take takawa a fina-finai da kuma salon kwalliya, Darthy ta sha fuskantar suka a shafukan sada zumunta. A shekarar 1917, abokiyar wasan kwaikwayo Irène Bordoni ta kai karar Darthy kan rashin yarda da soyayya, game da mijin Bordoni da kuma abokin wasan Darthy, Edgar Becman. [1] [2] A shekarar 1923, ta shiga irin wannan yanayi da abokiyar wasan kwaikwayo Cora Laparcerie da mijinta Jacques Richepin, kodayake wannan takaddamar ta kai ga tashin hankali tsakanin matan. [3] Daga baya ta shiga cikin warware wani sirri da ya shafi mutuwar matashin magajin masana'antu Marc Bellanger. [4] A shekarar 1929, ta sami diyya bayan hatsarin mota da ya jawo mata raunuka kuma ta bukaci ta aske dogon gashinta, saboda "ta ƙi yaudarar jama'a ta hanyar sanya wig." [5]

Darthy ta mutu a shekarar 1952.  Wani gado mai kyau da ta taɓa mallaka daga baya mallakar Karl Lagerfeld ne, kuma a halin yanzu yana cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Getty, a matsayin misali na wani Bafaranshe mai *suna lit à la polonaise* na ƙarni na 18. 

## Manazarta
Cécile Brunschvicg

**Cécile Brunschvicg** (  ), an haife ta **Cécile Kahn** (19 ga Yuli 1877 a Enghien-les-Bains – 5 ga Oktoba 1946 a Neuilly-sur-Seine ), 'yar siyasa ce ta Faransa mai ra'ayin mata . Tun daga shekarun 1920 har zuwa rasuwarta ana ɗaukarta a matsayin " *babbar mace* ta ƙungiyar mata " a Faransa. 

An haife ta a cikin dangin Yahudawa masu matsakaicin matsayi, 'yan jam'iyyar Republican . Yanayin gidanta bai yarda mata su yi karatu ba, musamman ma lokacin da suka wuce shekaru 17. Da ta riga ta zama mace "mai 'yanci" (a lokacin), haɗuwarta da Léon Brunschvicg, masanin falsafar mata kuma memba na Ligue des droits de l'homme, ne ya motsa ta zuwa fafutukar kare hakkin mata ; ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar zaɓe ta mata.

Ƙungiyar Kare Hakkin Mata ta Faransa (UFSF: *Union française pour le suffrage des femmes* ) wata ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ce ta kafa ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin mata ta Faransa waɗanda suka halarci taron ƙasa na masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Faransa a birnin Paris a shekarar 1908, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Jeanne Schmahl da Jane Misme .  Ƙungiyar UFSF ta samar da madadin da ba shi da ƙarfin hali kuma mafi karɓuwa fiye da *Suffrage des femmes* na Hubertine Auclert (1848–1914). Manufar kawai ita ce a sami 'yancin mata ta hanyar hanyoyin shari'a.  An gudanar da taron kafa mata 300 a watan Fabrairun 1909. An naɗa Cécile Brunschvicg a matsayin sakatare-janar.  Schmahl ita ce shugabar farko.  Eliska Vincent ta karɓi matsayin mataimakiyar shugaba mai girmamawa.  An amince da UFSF a hukumance a taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Zaɓe (IWFA) a Landan a watan Afrilun 1909 a matsayin wadda ke wakiltar ƙungiyar Faransa ta masu zaɓe.  A shekarar 1926, ta zama editan  .

An nada Cécile Brunschvicg a matsayin mataimakiyar sakatare ta ƙasa a fannin ilimi a gwamnatin Léon Blum ta farko.

## Manazarta