Dinosaurs na Tendaguru

**dinosaur na [[Samuwar Tendaguru|Tendaguru]]** (sunan asali a cikin Swahili: Dinosaria wa Tendaguru) ɗan littafin Tanzaniya ne don matasa masu karatu kan Tarihin halitta, yana mai da hankali kan binciken da kuma binciken burbushin dinosaur a tudun Tendaguru a Yankin Lindi na Kudu maso Gabashin Tanzania tsakanin 1906 da 1913. 

An rubuta shi a cikin harshen Swahili na ƙasar ta marubutan Tanzaniya Cassian Magori da Charles Saanane, tare da zane-zane na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Jamus Thomas Thiemeyer. An buga littafin ne a cikin 1998 tare da goyon bayan Goethe-Institut a Dar es Salaam, reshe na gida na cibiyar al'adu ta Jamus, ta E&D Vision Publishing, Tanzania . 

## Abinda ke ciki
Ta hanyar zane-zanensa da kuma wani Labari na fiction, littafin ya ba da labarin dinosaur da suka rayu kimanin shekaru miliyan 150 da suka gabata a Gabashin Afirka. An tono kwarangwal tsakanin 1906 da 1913 a tsohuwar mulkin mallaka na Jamus ta Gabashin Afirka kuma har zuwa yau suna wakiltar mafi mahimmancin binciken burbushin dinosaur da aka samu a Afirka. Kamar yadda aka tsara littafin ga matasa masu karatu a Tanzania, marubutan sun kirkiro wani sabon labari don saita labarin binciken, binciken da ya biyo baya, da ilimin kimiyya game da tarihin halitta da rayuwar dinosaur a cikin hangen nesa na Tanzanian na zamani. A karo na farko, wannan littafin ya gabatar da cikakken bayani game da binciken da kuma sake gina kwarangwal na dinosaur da aka nuna a Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi a Berlin, Jamus, ga masu karatu na Tanzania a cikin yarensu.[1]

A cikin shekaru da yawa, kuma a ƙarƙashin kulawar masana kimiyya na Jamus, tan 230 na kayan tonowa da ke dauke da ƙasusuwan burbushin halittu da sauran ragowar rayuwa shekaru miliyan 150 da suka gabata ma'aikatan Afirka sun cika su cikin akwatunan katako kuma sun kai su tashar jiragen ruwa ta Lindi da ke kusa. Daga wurin tonowa a Tendaguru Formation, an tura su zuwa Hamburg kuma, a ƙarshe, zuwa Berlin. Daga baya, masana kimiyya a gidan kayan gargajiya a Berlin sun sake gina kwarangwal da yawa na nau'ikan dinosaur daban-daban, suna mai da burbushin Tsarin Tendaguru ɗaya daga cikin mahimman tarin duniya don ci gaba da bincike. Babban abin da ya faru a baje kolin shine kusan kwarangwal mai tsawon mita 14 na nau'in Giraffatitan, kwarangwal din dinosaur mafi girma da aka nuna a duniya.

Tare da gabatar da ilimin kimiyya game da wanzuwar da mahalli na dinosaur, dalilan da ake zaton sun hallaka, da rarrabuwa su cikin nau'o'i daban-daban, labarin binciken su an gabatar da shi a nan ta wata hanya daban fiye da a cikin tarihin Jamus. Ganin cewa rahotanni na binciken Jamus sun yi iƙirarin cewa wani injiniyan hakar ma'adinai na Jamus ne ya fara gano burbushin wanda ke binciken yankin Tendaguru, littafin Tanzaniya ya danganta wannan binciken ga wani manomi na gida, wani tsoho mai hikima mai suna Mzee Buheti, wanda ta hanyar ganye na sihiri da matarsa Mama Msomoe ta bayar, yana iya tafiya ta hanyar lokaci da sarari wanda ruhu ke jagoranta. A daya daga cikin tafiye-tafiyensa na miliyoyin shekaru, ya haɗu da manyan dabbobi a yankin tsaunukan Tendaguru. Bayan dawowarsa ta hanyar dubban shekaru, ya shaida canje-canjen muhalli wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da halaka dinosaur. Ta hanyar layin lokaci wanda ya kai daga farkon sararin samaniya zuwa yanzu kuma yana nuna hotuna na nau'o'i daban-daban, ana gabatar da mai karatu tare da gajeren bayani na kimiyya game da juyin halitta na dinosaur da sauran nau'o-in. Ta hanyar zabar sunan Buheti ga mai gabatarwa marubutan sun kira Boheti bin Amrani na tarihi wanda shine "babban mai kula" * (Oberaufseher) * na ma'aikatan Afirka sama da 100 da ke cikin binciken  Lokacin da a cikin 1906, injiniyan Jamus Bernhard Sattler ke binciken yankin, Mzee Buheti ne ya nuna masa wurin da aka samo burbushin, don haka ya haifar da binciken kimiyya.

Don gabatar da isasshen ra'ayi na gani game da dinosaur da mahallinsu, Thomas Thiemeyer, mai zane-zane na Jamus wanda ya ƙware a wannan batun, ya kirkiro farantin launi don yanayin rayuwa da ake zaton da kuma lalacewar dinosaur, da kuma labarin da ba a sani ba game da binciken su, wanda aka fada daga hangen nesa na Tanzanian na zamani. Rubutun a cikin Swahili an rubuta shi ne tare da masanin ilimin halittu Charles Sanaane da masanin tarihin halitta Cassian Magori na Jami'ar Dar es Salaam, kuma marubucin wallafe-wallafen Bernard Mapalala ya gyara shi ga matasa masu karatu.

## Manufofin littafin
Kamar yadda aka buga bincike na kimiyya da gabatarwa ga jama'a na waɗannan binciken a cikin Jamusanci ko Ingilishi, 'yan Tanzaniya kaɗan ne suka san game da wanzuwar da tarihin burbushin daga Tendaguru kafin a buga wannan littafin. Kodayake tattaunawar kasa da kasa da buƙatun hadin gwiwar al'adu da maido da al'adun al'adun Afirka daga gidajen tarihi a Turai   sun zama sanannun musamman tun daga shekarun 2010, Tanzania ba ta da samfurori na halitta daga Tendaguru, isasshen albarkatun mutum ko ababen more rayuwa don gabatar da burbushin dinosaur a hanyar da ta dace. Don yin wannan muhimmin bayanin tarihi ga masu sauraro na gida, Goethe-Institut a Dar es Salaam ya ba da shawarar labarin dinosaur din Tendaguru ga masu wallafa littafin a cikin 1998. - A cewar Elieshi Lema na E&D Vision Publishing, an samar da kwafin 4000 tare da taimakon kudi na mai tallafawa kuma an rarraba kyauta ga makarantun sakandare na Tanzania. A Kenya, an kuma amince da ɗan littafin a matsayin kayan koyarwa ga makarantun firamare da kwalejojin horar da malamai. Tun daga wannan lokacin ba a buga shi ba, amma akwai kwafi a cikin ɗakunan karatu a Sweden, Japan da Amurka.

## Karɓar baƙi
A shekara ta 2009, Masanin burbushin halittu Gerhard Maier ya ambaci ɗan littafin a cikin cikakken bincikensa game da tarihin binciken da aka yi na Dinosaurs na Afirka: The Tendaguru Expeditions .  Ya yi sharhi game da tasirin wannan ɗan littafin a matsayin "mafi kyawun sakamako (...) shine yaduwar Tendaguru ga mutanen Tanzania".

A cikin 2022, an ambaci Dinosaria wa Tendaguru a cikin rahoton "Reclaiming restitution" ta Open Restitution Africa, wani aikin al'adun da Afirka ke jagoranta wanda ya ambaci burbushin Tendaguru azaman binciken shari'a don tattaunawa game da Maidowa da al'adun Afirka.

A cikin wani babi na 2024 game da yadda Berlin Dinosaurs suka sami sunayensu, marubutan Jamus da ke aiki don Gidan Tarihin Halitta a Berlin sun bayyana yadda shugabannin tono Janensch da Hennig suka rubuta aikin ma'aikatan Afirka da yawa a tono. Wannan amincewa ya dogara ne akan sunayen farko na takamaiman samfurori na burbushin halittu da yawa ciki har da *Abdallahsaurus*, mai suna bayan mai shirya burbushin Sefu Abdallah, *Salimosaurus*, mai sunan Salim Tombali da *Mohammadisaurus*, mai taken bayan Mohammai Keranje. A cikin wannan labarin marubutan sun kuma ambaci babban mai kula Boheti bin Amrani wanda aka rubuta gudummawarsa ga tonowa a cikin bayanan filin da hotuna na Janensch. Wadannan sunayen samfurori da ke ɗauke da sunayen Afirka an yi amfani da su ne kawai a hanyar farko yayin tono burbushin kuma daga baya an maye gurbinsu da sunayen kimiyya na jinsunan dinosaur.

## Manazarta