László Sólyom

**László Sólyom** ( Hungarian  ,  ; 3 Janairu 1942 - 8 Oktoba 2023) ɗan siyasa ne na ƙasar Hungary, lauya, kuma mai kula da laburare wanda ya kasance Shugaban ƙasar Hungary daga 2005 zuwa 2010. A da, shi ne shugaban Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta ƙasar Hungary na farko daga 1990 zuwa 1998.

Sólyom, fitaccen lauya kuma mai fafutukar kare dimokuradiyya, ya zama shugaban Kotun Tsarin Mulki na farko a lokacin da kasar ke cikin shekarun karshe na sauyin dimokuradiyya bayan shekaru da dama na mulkin kwaminisanci . A lokacin wa'adin mulkinsa, Kotun ta ayyana hukuncin kisa a matsayin wanda bai dace ba, ta karfafa kare 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da lamiri, sannan ta halatta kawancen cikin gida na 'yan luwadi.

Daga baya, a shekarar 2005, an zaɓe shi shugaban ƙasar Hungary, wanda galibi ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa. Ya riƙe wannan muƙamin har zuwa shekarar 2010.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi László Sólyom a ranar 3 ga Janairu 1942 a Pécs, Masarautar Hungary, ɗan lauya Ferenc Sólyom da Aranka Lelkes.   A ranar 24 ga Oktoba 1956, Sólyom ya shiga zanga-zangar adawa da kwaminisanci tare da ’yan uwansa daliban Makarantar Sakandare na Széchenyi István. 

Tun a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shari'a ga ƙungiyoyin jama'a da na muhalli daban-daban,  ya shiga ƙungiyar kare muhalli ta Duna Kör a shekarar 1984 kuma ya shiga zanga-zangarsu, kamar waɗanda suka yi adawa da gina madatsun ruwa na Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros .   A shekarun 1980, Sólyolm ya shiga ƙungiyoyin jama'a waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga sauyin dimokuraɗiyya a ƙasar.  A shekarun 1988 da 1989 Sólyom shi ne sakataren ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin jama'a, kuma ya zama memba na kwamitin ƙungiyar lauyoyi masu zaman kansu a shekarar 1989.  Ya kuma halarci  a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 1987 tare da wasu masana da ke adawa da gwamnatin János Kádár kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Democrat ta Hungary wadda ba ta halatta ba a lokacin a 1989.     Sólyolm ya zama memba na zartarwa na ƙungiyar Democrat ta Hungary kuma yana kula da shawarwarin gyaran kundin tsarin mulki. Ya kuma kasance memba na tattaunawar teburin 'yan adawa, wanda aka shirya don tsara tushen doka da siyasa ga Hungary bayan gurguzu.  

## Shugaban Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta Hungary (1989–1998)
A tsawon aikinsa na lauya, Sólyom ya sami suna saboda nasarorin da ya samu a fannin ilimi da kuma ci gaban koyarwarsa game da haƙƙin sirri.   Wannan ya haifar da nadinsa a matsayin alkali a sabuwar Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta Hungary da Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ta kafa a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 1989, inda ya zama shugabanta na farko a 1990. Sólyom ya yi watsi da alaƙarsa da siyasa amma bai yi aikinsa na farfesa a jami'a ba.     An ɗora wa wannan sabuwar kotu alhakin kula da gyare-gyaren kundin tsarin mulki da aka gabatar a watan da ya gabata. 

A wannan rawar, ya ba da gudummawa sosai wajen kawar da hukuncin kisa, kare bayanai da haƙƙin muhalli, ' yancin ra'ayi da kuma lamiri, da kuma kariyar kundin tsarin mulki na haɗin gwiwar ' yan luwaɗi a cikin gida, Dokar Shari'a, matsayin Shugaban Jamhuriyar, abubuwan da ke cikin kundin tsarin mulki na kuri'ar raba gardama, dokokin zubar da ciki da kuma dokar biyan diyya, waɗanda matakan suka jawo yabo daga Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta Hungary a faɗin duniya.      Kotun, da wannan aikin, ta taimaka wajen haifar da sauyin dimokuraɗiyya a Hungary da kuma kafa dimokuraɗiyya ta majalisar dokoki. 

### MANAZARTA