Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa a Ilimi

**Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Mata a Ilimi** (wanda a da aka sani da **Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Shugabannin Mata**, **Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Shugabannin Mata da Masu Ba da Shawara**, da **Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Shugabannin Mata, Masu Gudanarwa, da Masu Ba da Shawara** ) ƙungiya ce ta Amurka da Kathryn Sisson Phillips ta kafa a shekarar 1916 don tallafawa shugabannin mata na mata .

Ƙungiyar ta rufe a watan Satumba na 2000 lokacin da ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Masu Gudanar da Ma'aikatan Ɗalibai ta Ƙasa .

## Tarihi

### Tsarin aiki
Bayan ƙaruwa mai yawa a yawan mata a manyan makarantu a ƙarshen ƙarni na sha tara, adadin shugabannin mata suma ya ƙaru, wanda hakan ya kafa ta a matsayin sana'a ta ƙwararru. A shekarar 1913 aka ƙirƙiri shirin karatun digiri na biyu a Kwalejin Malamai, Jami'ar Columbia don shugabannin mata. Ganin cewa ana buƙatar ƙungiya don daidaita horo da haɗin gwiwa ga shugabannin,  a shekarar 1915 Kathryn Sisson Phillips ta fara tarurrukan da ba na yau da kullun ga mata 26 da ke karatu don wannan matsayi a Kwalejin Malamai don tattaunawa, inda taronsu na farko ya faru a taron Ƙungiyar Ilimi ta Ƙasa a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 1916. Ƙungiyar ta fara buga littafin shekara-shekara a shekarar 1923 da kuma mujallar ilimi a shekarar 1938, wanda Ruth Strang ta gyara na ƙarshe. 

### Aiki
A lokacin da take aiki a matsayin Ƙungiyar Shugabannin Mata ta Ƙasa, ƙungiyar ta gudanar da bincike, ta gudanar da tallafin karatu, sannan ta buga ƙasidu game da ɗaliban mata da shugabannin mata. A shekarar 1935, an kafa wata ƙungiya ta daban ga ɗaliban Baƙar fata 'yan Amurka da aka sani da Ƙungiyar Shugabannin Mata da Masu Ba da Shawara ga 'Yan Mata a Kwalejoji da Makarantu na Negro. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ƙungiyar ta ba da shawara da kuma yin kira ga ƙungiyoyi da manyan cibiyoyin ilimi da su riƙe da ɗaukar mata aiki a matsayin masu tsara manufofi.  A shekarun 1950, ƙungiyar ta gudanar da taron shekara-shekara, wani mujalla, kuma tana da membobi sama da 1500.  A shekarar 1951, membobin ƙungiyar sun kaɗa ƙuri'a don riƙe 'yancin kansu da kuma mai da hankali kan mata, kuma a shekarar 1953 sun yi aiki tare da Majalisar Ilimi ta Amurka don kafa Kwamitin Ilimi na Mata, wanda daga baya aka wargaza shi a shekarar 1962. 

A shekarar 1956, shugabar ƙungiyar Eunice Hilton ta sanar da cewa za a sake wa ƙungiyar suna zuwa Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Ba da Shawara ta Ƙasa. A shekarun 1960, ƙungiyar ta sami mafi girman matsayi na membobinta, inda ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata da daidaito. A shekarar 1971, membobin sun sake kaɗa ƙuri'a kan batun haɗa kai da sauran ƙungiyoyin ilimi, sakamakon ci gaba da zama jinsi ɗaya. Duk da haka, zuwa 1973, ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar faɗaɗa ikonta zuwa wasu sana'o'in ilimi bayan kafa Dokar IX, ta sake suna zuwa Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Ba da Shawara ta Ƙasa, Masu Gudanarwa, da Masu Ba da Shawara kuma ta fara barin maza su shiga. 

A shekarar 1975, ƙungiyar ta zama ƙungiya ta farko a Amurka da ta zartar da wani kuduri wanda ya ƙi gudanar da tarurrukanta a jihohin da ba su amince da gyaran daidaiton haƙƙin ɗan adam ba. Zuwa shekarar 1989, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki nauyin taron ƙasa na shugabannin ɗaliban mata na kwaleji, wanda ke ba da tallafi, haɗin gwiwa, da kyaututtuka ga matan kwaleji, kuma ta ci gaba da buga mujallarta ta *Initiatives* da kuma gudanar da tarurruka ciki har da wannan. 

A watan Satumba na shekarar 1990, ƙungiyar ta kaɗa ƙuri'ar canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasa a Ilimi, wani sauyi da aka aiwatar a taron cika shekaru 75 na ƙungiyar a shekarar 1991. Marriot Management Services ta bai wa ƙungiyar dala $125,000 a watan Afrilun 1996 don taimakawa "haɓaka da aiwatar da shirye-shiryen horar da jagoranci masu inganci ga mata a cikin [ilimi]" wanda ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Cibiyar Shugabannin Mata Masu Tasowa a Ilimi Mai Girma. A shekarar 1999, ƙungiyar ta gudanar da taronta na farko na ƙasa da ƙasa kan Mata a Ilimi Mai Girma, bayan ta karɓe shi daga Jami'ar Texas da ke El Paso . 

### Rufewa
Ƙara yawan gasa daga wasu ƙungiyoyi, rashin kuɗi, da raguwar ƙungiyoyin jinsi ɗaya sun taimaka wajen yanke shawarar daina aiki a shekara ta 2000.  Ta bar kuɗi mai yawa don ci gaba da tallafawa Taron Ƙasa na Shugabannin Ɗaliban Mata na Kwaleji. 

### Manyan membobi

* Anne Dudley Blitz, Shugabar Mata a Jami'ar Minnesota (1923 zuwa 1949) da Jami'ar Kansas (1921 zuwa 1923)
* Una B. Herrick, tana cikin kwamitin membobin ƙungiyar Deans of Women ta ƙasa kuma ta kasance memba na Deans of Women Western Conference 
* Lillias MacDonald, Shugabar Mata ta farko a Jami'ar Buffalo 
* Kate Hevner Mueller, editan Jaridar NAWDAC, 1960-1969. 
* A. Evelyn Newman, shugabar NADW, 1927 

## Manazarta