Adamawa

Najeriya

Jahar Adamawa (Fulani: Leydi Adamawa) jaha ce dake a shiyyar Arewa Maso Gabashin na shiyyar Najeriya, Gombe ta yi iyaka  da Borno daga Arewa maso yamma, Gombe zuwa yamma. A yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar Kamaru daga Gabas. Jahar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na Masarautar Adamawa, tare da tsohon babban birnin masarautar watau Yola wanda take matsayin babban birnin jahar Adamawa a yau. Jahar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda ɗari (100). An kafa jahar a shekarar 1991, a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar jahar Gongola don samar da jahar Adamawa da  Taraba.

A cikin jihohi guda 36, na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa ta fi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma ita ce ta 13, a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25, dangane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016. Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu Atlantika, Mandara, da kuma tudun Shebshi) da kuma tsaunin Adamawa Plateau tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan.  

Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa a yau ta kasance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su Bwatiye (Bachama), Bali, Bata (Gbwata), Gudu, Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen Kamwe daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren Jibu daga can kudancin garin; harshen Kilba, Marghi, Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma Mumuye, da Shmba daga arewa; da kuma Fulani daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na Lutheran, EYN, ECWA, da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.

Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashin Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90, bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) a cikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo  German Kamerun kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru (Kamerun campaign) a lokacin Yakin Duniya na daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa shekarar 1967, lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a shekarar 1976, an samar da  Jihar Gongola a ranar 3, ga watan Fabrairun 1976, tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15, bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo Taraba, arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. 

A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara a kan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne a kan noma da kiwo, kamar noman Auduga, Gyada, dawa, Rogo, Gero da doya. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga ci gaba a jihar. Adamawa tana ta goma a fuskar ci gaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin ci gaban.

## Labarin kasa.

Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin  36,917sqkm. Jihar ta haɗa iyaka da Borno daga arewa maso yamma, Gombe (jiha) daga yamma, Taraba daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta haɗa iyaka da kasar Kamaru daga gabas. Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Disamba zuwa watan Fabrairu na kowacce shekara.

Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin  Benue, Gongola da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa.

## Tattalin arziki.
Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin  Sub-Sudan da Northern Guinea Savannah. Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun haɗa da auduga da gyada a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum su ne masara, doya, rogo, gero, dawa da shinkafa.

Mutanen kauyuka da ke zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar.

Habaka da ci gaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga  Dikwa daga arewa zuwa Victoria (Limbe) a kan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar United Nations Trust Territories bayan Yakin Duniya na Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar  Treaty of Versailles. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.

## Addinai.
Musulmai sun yi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci ta Sokoto a karni na shekara ta  1800. Har ya zuwa yau, akwai Sarki da ke jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da **Lamido**, wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yaki yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a shekarar 1914, lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. Atiku Abubakar ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na Church of the Brethren in Nigeria (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin  Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan da ke yankin kudancin jihar. Mishanari Kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun shekarar 1923. Shi kuma cocin  "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin Kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a shekara ta 1913.

## Tarihi.
Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (*Lamido* da harshen Fillanci).

Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau Modibo Adama, shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin Usman dan Fodio Sarkin Daular Sokoto a shekarar 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a shekara ta 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a shekarar 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841, ne ya kafa birnin Yola daga bisani ya rasu a  shekara ta 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun ci gaba da gadon kujerar mulkin.

An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan janairun shekarar  2015.

### Sarakunan Adamawa.
Sarakunan Adamawa sun haɗa da: 
* Modibbo Adama bin Hassan,shekara ta 1809 zuwa shekarar 1848.
* Lawalu ben Adama, a shekara ta 1848 zuwa shekarar 1872 (dan dan magabacin sarki).
* Sanda ben Adama, a shekara ta 1872 zuwa shekarar 1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki).
* Zubayru bin Adama, a shekara ta 1890 zuwa shekarar 1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki).
* Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama,a shekara ta  1901 zuwa shekarar 1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki).
* Iya ben Sanda, a shekara ta 1909 zuwa shekarar 1910 (dan dme a bin Adama).
* Muhammadu Abba, a shekara ta 1910 zuwa shekara ta 1924 (dan dan Ahmadu bin Adama).
* Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu,a shekara ta 1924 zuwa shekarar 1928.
* Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, a shekara ta 1928 zuwa shekarar 1946 (dan dan Muhammadu Abba).
* Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, a shekarar 1946 zuwa shekara ta 1953.
* Aliyu Mustafa, a shekara ta 1953 zuwa  shekarar 2010.
* Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa, a shekara ta 2011–har zuwa yau.

### Rikicin Boko Haram.
Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a Gombi, Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira a kalla mutum 35,000, wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, Madagali, Askira Uba, Bama da Gwoza na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira a kalla mutum 400,000. An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30, a shekara ta 2015. Hare-hare bam sau biyu a Madagali a cikin shekara ta 2016, ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017, da kuma shekarar  2018.

Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar  United States Agency for International Development  ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.

A ranakun 21, zuwa 22, ga watan Fabrairun shekarar  2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.

## Ilimi.
Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da:
* Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa, Yola
* Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa
* Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria",Yola
* Federal College of Education, Yola
* Makarantar  Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi
* Modibbo Adama University, Yola

## Wuraren Bude IdanuIdanu.
* Mubi.
* Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili.
* Sukur wurin Tarihi na Duniya.
* Fadar Lamido.
* Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria", Yola.
* Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake Michika.
* Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song.
* Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika.
* Homtel Derivative and Suites.
* Mahadar Kogin Benue da Gongola dake Numan Uba a cikin garin Mubi (Valanyi).

## Kananan Hukumomi.
Jhar Adamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka:

* Demsa
* Fufore
* Ganye
* Girei
* Gombi
* Guyuk
* Hong
* Jada
* Lamurde
* Madagali
* Maiha
* Mayo-Belwa
* Michika
* Mubi ta Arewa
* Mubi ta Kudu
* Numan
* Shelleng
* Song
* Toungo
* Yola ta Arewa (Babban Birni Jihar)
* Yola ta Kudu

## Shuwaganin Gananon Hukumomin jihar Adamawa.
Wannan shine jerin sunayen shuwagani na Gananon Hukumomin Jihar Adamawa wanda suke a kan kujerun su a Wannan Shekarar ta dubu biyu da ishirin da hudu (a shekara ta 2024).

* Hon. Elkana Kados Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Demsa.
* Hon. William p burto Shugaban Garamar Hukumar lamurde.
* Hon. Jingi Rufai kwaja Shugaban Garamar Hukumar mubi ta Kudu.
*
* Hon. Musa Jauru Umaru Shugaban Garamar Hukumar fufore.
* Hon. Kefas Calvin Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Toungo.
* Hon. Habila M. Istifanus Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Ganye. 
* Hon. Abdu Gidado Shugaban Garamar Hukumar song.
* Hon. Dimas shekele Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Gombi.
* Hon. Salihu Usman Malkoshi Shugaban Garamar Garamar Hukumar Yola ta kudu. 
* Hon. Abdul Rahman A. Bakalla Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Jada.
* Hon. Ibrahim Baffa Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Yola ta Arewa. 
* Hon. Suleiman Yahaya Sudi Shugaban Garamar Hukumar mubi ta arewa.
* Hon. Kassa Dampi Shallom Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Guyuk. 
* Hon. Aiden stukam pallam Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Mada-galli.
* Hon. Gershon kasuwa Shugaban Garamar Hukumar mayo Belwa. 
* Hon. Innocent koto Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Numan.
* Hon. Michael Shehu Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Michika. 
* Hon. Danjuma kedi Abdullahi Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Shelleng.
* Hon. Judah Amisa Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Girie.
* Hon. Idi Ali Aminu Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Maiha.
* Hon. James pukuma Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Hong. 

## Comishinonin da wasu shuwagabanni.
wannan shine jerin sunaye da kuma ma'aikatun wadan da mai girma Gwamnan jihar Adamawa ya zaba a shekarar dubu biyu da ishirin da hudu (2024).

# Prof. Katalepwa G Farauta (Vice president in Council).
#
# Hon. Barr. Auwal D Tukur (Council secretary).
# Dr. Edgar Amos (chief of staff).
# Isah Shehu Ardo (Head of service).
#
# Hon. Barr. A.k. Jingi ( Attorney General & com. For Justice).
# Hon. Felix B Tangwami (Hon. Com. For Health and Services).
# Hon. Jacob Sahma (Hon. Com. For land and Survey).
# Hon. Tijjani Maksha (Hon. Com. For Livestock and aquaculture development).
# Hon. Augustina wandhamiya (Hon. Com. For Finance).
# Hon. David Finciwa Jatau (Hon. Com. For Agriculture).
# Hon. Abdullahi Prambe (Hon. Com. For Housing and Urban development).
# Hon. Adamu Atiku Abubakar (Hon. Com. For Works and Energy Development).
#
# Hon. Emmanuel Anthony piridimso  (Hon. Com. For Budget and Economic planing).
# Hon. Neido Geoffrey kufoltu (Hon. Com. For Information and strategy).
# Hon. Sadiq Mohammed (Hon. Com. Ministry of environment and natural development).
# Hon. Wali Yakubu (Hon. Com. For Youth and Sports development).
# Hon. Yayaji Ibrahim Mijin Yawa (Hon. Com. For local government affairs).
# Hon. Wunfe G. Anthony (Hon. Com. For Women affairs and Social Development).
# Hon. Isah Yahaya Dabari (Hon. Com. For Commerce and Industry).
# Hon. James Iliya (Hon. Com. For intreprenueship development).
# Hon. Titus Solomon (Hon. Com. For Rural Infrastructure and communication development).
# Hon. Audu Ayuba Tanko (Hon. Com. For Water Resources).
# Hon. Usman Abdullahi (Hon. Com. Special Duty).
# Hon. Aloysius baba doke (Hon. Com. For Culture and Tourism).
# Mary B faninga (Executive chairman Adamawa State Planing commission).
# Hon. Dr. Umar Garba Pella (Hon. Com. For Education and Human capital development).
# Hon. Haruna Ibrahim (Hon. Com. For Natural Resources).
# Hon. Barr. Bello Hamman Diram (Hon. Com. For Reconstruction Rehabilitation Reintegration and Human services )
#
#
#
# Hon.

## Harsuna.
A kasa an jero ire-iren harsunan Adamawa dangane da kananan hukumomin da suka mamaye:

## Gwamnati.
Gwamanan Jihar Adamawa ke da alhakin zartarwa da gudanarwa a jihar, a Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar Adamawa, dake Birnin Yola.

## Kiwon Lafiya.
Jihar Adamawa nada cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya da dama, wasu daga ciki sune: 

* Gweda Malam primary health care center.
* Basha health clinic.
* Dowaya health post.
* General hospital numan
* Numan maternal and child primary health care.
* Wayam primary health clinic.
* Wisdon primary health clinic.
* Salti primary health clinic.
* Bakta primary health care center.

## Sanannun Mutane a Adamawa.
* Atiku Abubakar
* Iya Abubakar
* Jibril Aminu
* Alex Badeh
* Mohammed Bello
* Aisha Buhari
* Done P. Dabale
* Sen. Aisha Dahiru Binani
* Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri
* Binta Masi Garba
* Boni Haruna
* Aliyu Saidu Jauro
* Bindo Jibrilla
* Muhammadu Gambo Jimeta
* Aliyu Kama
* Babachir David Lawal
* Tahir Mamman
* Buba Marwa
* Abubakar Saleh Michika
* Boss Mustapha
* Murtala Nyako
* Bamanga Tukur
* Mahmud Tukur
* Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo
* Nuhu Ribadu
* Dr Bala Takaya
* Ibrahim Lamorde
* Ahmed Joda
* Abubakar Isa (Buba Shafani)

 

## Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma.

* Tsibirin Adamawa, wanda ya fara daga Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya kare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya

* Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru.
* Jihar Adamawa, Najeriya.

* Masarautar Adamawa, wacce aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama.
* Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa.

## Wasu.

* Yarukan Adamawa, dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama
* Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka

## Manazarta