Shirley M. Tilghman

**Shirley Marie Tilghman** OC FRS (/ˈtɪlmən/; née **Caldwell**; an haife ta 17 Satumba 1946) masanin ilimin halittu ne na Kanada. Ita farfesa ce a fannin ilmin halitta da manufofin jama'a kuma shugabar Jami'ar Princeton ce. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaban 19 na Jami'ar Princeton daga Yuni 2001 zuwa Yuli 2013. 

Tilghman ya kasance memba na bangaren Princeton na shekaru goma sha biyar kafin a nada shi shugaban kasa. Ta koma kwalejin Princeton a matsayin farfesa a fannin ilmin halitta. Ta kasance shugabar kungiyar American Society for Cell Biology ta shekarar 2015. A shekara ta 2002, mujallar Discover ta *Gano* ta a matsayin daya daga cikin mata 50 mafi muhimmanci a kimiyya.

## Rayuwa ta farko da iyali
Tilghman an haife ta Shirley Marie Caldwell, a Toronto, Ontario, Kanada . Yayinda take yarinya, mahaifinta ya karfafa sha'awarta ga lissafi. Tare, su biyun za su buga wasannin lissafi a matsayin lokacin barci, maimakon raba labarun lokacin barci.

Ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Kelvin a Winnipeg, Manitoba  kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta B.Sc. a cikin ilmin sunadarai daga Jami'ar Sarauniya a Kingston, Ontario, a shekarar 1968. Ta kasance malamar makarantar sakandare a Saliyo, Afirka ta Yamma, a cikin Shirin Ayyukan Jami'ar Kanada (CUSO).  Tilghman ta sami Ph.D. a cikin ilmin sunadarai daga Jami'ar Haikali a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a karkashin Richard W. Hanson . Tilghman ita ce ɗaliban digiri na farko na Hanson. An yi taken rubutun PhD, "The Hormonal Regulation of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase . "

## Bincike
Ayyukan Tilghman a cikin kwayoyin halitta sun mayar da hankali kan tsarin kwayoyin halitta yayin ci gaba, musamman a fagen kwayar halitta.

A lokacin karatun postdoctoral a Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Kasa, Tilghman ya yi bincike da yawa yayin da yake memba na ƙungiyar da ta kwace kwayar halitta ta farko. Ta ci gaba da nuna cewa an haɗa kwayar halitta ta globin, binciken da ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da wasu ra'ayoyin juyin juya hali da ke fitowa game da halayyar kwayar halitta. A matsayinsa na mai bincike mai zaman kansa a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta Fox Chase a Philadelphia daga 1980 zuwa 1986 kuma mataimakin farfesa na Human Genetics a Jami'ar Pennsylvania Tilghman ya ci gaba da samun ci gaban kimiyya.[1]

Tilghman ya tafi Jami'ar Princeton a 1986 a matsayin Howard A. Farfesa na Kimiyya na Rayuwa. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta kuma shiga Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Howard Hughes a matsayin mai bincike. Ta kasance jagora a cikin amfani da beraye don fahimtar halayyar kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar binciken tasirin Shigar da kwayoyin halitta a cikin kwayoyin halitta.

An tsara jerin takardun bincike na Tilghman da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon gwamnatin PubMed na National Library of Medicine na Amurka, sashen NLM na Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Kasa. 

## Shugaban Jami'ar Princeton

Tilghman ya gaji Harold Tafler Shapiro kuma ya zama shugaban 19 na Jami'ar Princeton a shekara ta 2001. An zabe ta a matsayin mace ta farko a matsayin shugabar Princeton a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2001, kuma ta hau mulki a ranar 15 ga Yuni, 2001. A karkashin gwamnatinta, jami'ar ta gina kwalejin zama na shida, mai suna don girmama tsohuwar jami'a Meg Whitman, don karɓar fadada kashi 11 cikin 100 na ɗaliban ɗalibai (ƙaruwar wasu ɗalibai 500), kamar yadda kwamitin na musamman na Kwamitin Amintattun da Paul M. Wythes ke jagoranta ya ba da shawarar. A cikin 2012, Tilghman ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta sauka daga shugabancin ta a watan Yunin 2013.  Jami'ar jami'ar ta gaje ta, Christopher L. Eisgruber.

Ga Tilghman, Princeton yana da muhimman manufofi guda biyu. "Daya shine tabbatar da cewa ƙofofinmu suna buɗewa kamar yadda zai yiwu ga kowane ɗalibi mai basira a duniya wanda ke iya yin aiki tuƙuru da muke nema daga gare su. Kuma wannan yana nufin kiyaye jajircewarmu ga taimakon kuɗi, wanda shine kayan aiki - kayan aiki mai mahimmanci - don samun waɗannan ɗalibai zuwa Princeton. Kuma abu na biyu shi ne cewa dole ne mu magance matsalolin da suka fi muhimmanci, kuma mu tura iyakokin ilimi, kuma ba kawai a cikin kimiyya da fasaha ba, amma a cikin manufofin zamantakewa, da kuma a cikin fahimtar yanayin jama'a. " 

## Manazarta