open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
A Ceto Yanayi

**A ceto muhalli** wato (Save The Climate) (Sauvons le Climat) kungiya ce ta Faransa da Hervé Nifenecker, Roger Balian, Rémy Carle da Bernard Lerouge suka kirkira a shekara ta 2004. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012, ƙungiyoyi biyar mambobi ne kuma dubban mutane sun sanya hannu kan takardar shaidarsa.

Manufarta ita ce ta yi yaƙi da dumamar yanayi da kuma samar da bayanai ga jama'a game da batutuwa masu mahimmanci ga ci gaba mai ɗorewa, muhalli, da makamashi, ta hanyar kawar da amfani da man fetur a Faransa ta hanyar kiyaye rabon samar da makamashin nukiliya a layi daya tare da amfani da makamashin sabuntawa "kamar zafi".

Gwamnatin Faransa ta amince da kungiyar a matsayin haɗuwa da ilimi mai kyau.

## Ayyuka da mahimman kwanakin
In 2010, Save the Climate's transparency score is 9 out of 10 in the barometer of NGO transparency achieved by the French Prometheus Foundation. According to the 2010 Transparency Barometer non-governmental organizations, the organization of the association class in twelfth position of 107 NGOs evaluated.

A cikin 2011, Save the Climate yana sadarwa sosai tare da yanayin makamashi na NEGATEP labarin kula da hayaki na iskar gas (GHG), wanda ya dogara da farko akan ingancin makamashi da maye gurbin man fetur na burbushin halittu tare da hanyoyin sabunta wutar lantarki da hydraulic da nukiliya, takamaiman saboda tarihin musamman na samar da makamashi a Faransa.

A cikin shekara ta 2012, an kammala bayanin kimiyya kuma an buga muhawara mai jituwa ta hanyar tallafawa ci gaba da shekaru takwas ta hanyar ƙungiyar kan rawar da carbon dioxide ke takawa wajen kara tasirin greenhouse na halitta ne ta hanyar tushe mai zaman kansa. kuma 'yan jarida sun ba da labarin. Kungiyar, wacce Shugaba Jaques Masurel ya wakilta, ta shiga taron kan makamashi na sauyawa wanda gwamnatin Faransa ta shirya a ranar 14-15 ga Satumba 2012.

## Kafofin watsa labarai

* Labari "Maimaita bukatar nuna gaskiya, ta hanyar Jacques Masurel, shugaban kungiyar SLC - Bari mu ceci Yanayi", L'Humanité, 7 Yuni 2012.
* Taron Gérard Pierre: "Me zai kasance a Duniya a cikin shekaru 50?", Le Petit Journal, wani mako-mako na Catalan No. 280, 6 Afrilu 2012.
* Tattaunawar Gérard Pierre: "Ka kula da Duniya tare da Bari mu ceci yanayi", Le Bien Public, 31 ga Agusta 2011.
* Tattaunawa da Hervé Nifenecker, Shugaban girmamawa na SLC, Expansion
* Littafin "Yadda za a rage (da gaske) fitar da iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli" na SLC / Saved Climate
* Taron tattaunawa game da motoci masu tsabta da aka shirya a cikin 2009 ta SLC da Confrontations Turai

## Dubi kuma

* Tattaunawar wutar lantarki ta nukiliya
* Canjin yanayi

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Bayanan littattafai

* *Wane tsarin makamashi ne ga Turai a shekara ta 2030?* , Ayyuka na jami'ar bazara ta 4, Aubin Edita - Association Sauvons Le Climat, 201. .

## Kungiyar Haɗin waje
Yasmin Brunet

**Yasmin Brunet Fernandez ** (an haife ta a ranar 6 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1988),  'yar wasan kasar Brazil ce, kuma  'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma 'yar kasuwa.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi birnin Brunet a unguwar Gávea, a cikin birnin Rio de Janeiro, na kasar  Brazil . Mahaifinta, Armando Fernandez, ɗan kasuwa ne na kasar Argentina  kuma mahaifiyarta, Luíza Brunet, samfurin yar kasar Brazil ce. Tana da gida a Ipanema . 

## Hotunan fina-finai

### Talabijin

## Rayuwa ta mutum
A watan Yulin shekarar ta 2012, bayan kimanin shekaru 7 na soyayya, ta auri samfurin Brazil Evandro Soldati .  Sun sake aure a farkon shekarar ta 2020. A cikin shekarar ta 2020, Brunet ya auri ƙwararren mai hawan igiyar ruwa Gabriel Medina . Sun sake aure a watan Janairun shekarar ta 2022.

Brunet mai ba da shawara ne ga haƙƙin dabbobi kuma ya himmatu ga wayar da kan jama'a game da muhalli, abubuwan da aka haramta da abubuwan jin kai. A watan Mayu shekarar ta 2016, ta bayyana cewa tana cin ganyayyaki sama da shekaru 7.

A watan Janairun na shekarar ta 2024, an sanar da cewa ita 'yar takara ce a cikin shirin *Big Brother Brazil 24*. Ita ce ta 12 da aka kore ta tare da kashi 80.76% na kuri'un a cikin korar da malamin ilimin jiki Lucas Henrique Ferreira da mai rawa & mai tasiri na dijital Isabelle Nogueira, ta kammala a matsayi na 13 goma sha uku.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Haɗin waje

* Yasmin Brunet a cikin Fashion Model Directory
* 
* Misalai Dubu
* Yasmin Brunet a cikin 2008 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue*Wasanni Hotuna Swimsuit*
Leonor Zalabata

**Leonor Zalabata Torres** (née **Guneywya**; An haife ta a ranar 5 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1954) 'yar siyasar Arhuaco ce ta Colombia, marubuciya, marubuciya kuma mai kare haƙƙin ɗan adam. Zabaleta ta yi aiki don tabbatarwa da haƙƙin al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar tun lokacin da ta jagoranci kuma ta kasance wani ɓangare na Majalisar dokoki ta Colombia . 

## Manazarta
Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden da Cibiyar Bincike

Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, tsohon Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Cibiyar, Cibiyar ce mai cin gashin kanta da Gwamnatin Kerala ta kafa a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1979 a Thiruvananthapuram, babban birnin Kerala .  Yana aiki a ƙarƙashin laima na Majalisar Kimiyya, Fasaha da Muhalli ta Jihar Kerala (KSCSTE), Gwamnatin Kerala . 

## Manazarta
Linda MacDonald (mai fafutuka)

**Linda MacDonald** 'yar gwagwarmayar Kanada ce game da azabtarwa da ba na gwamnati ba, keta haƙƙin ɗan adam da aikata laifuka. 

## Manazarta
An haife ta a Charlottetown, MacDonald tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar jinya ce dake zaune a Nova Scotia, Kanada, kuma ita ce hadaddiyar kafa kungiya mai suna Persons Against Non-State Torture — wani kamfen na kare hakkin dan Adam wanda take daukar nauyinsa da kanta. MacDonald ta yi aiki a asibitoci, kiwon lafiya na jama’a, da kuma a matsayin mai tsara kulawa ga masu bukatar taimakon gida. Ita mai hada-hadar sadarwa ce, mai koyarwa, mai bincike, marubuciya kuma memba ce a kungiyar NGO Alliance on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, Nation Council of Women Canada da ACUNS. 

Ta sami RN a asibitin Victoria General, digiri na farko na Nursing a Jami'ar Dalhousie da kuma digiri na Masters na Ilimi a Jami'an St. Mary duk a Halifax, Nova Scotia, Kanada.

An gabatar da MacDonald a shirin rediyo na ‘yan mata masu fafutuka na Robin Morgan' mai suna WMC Live. Tana aiki tare da Jeanne Sarson a matsayin masu fafutukar kare hakkin ‘yan mata da mata waɗanda suka sha wahala daga Azabtarwa ta Hannun Ƙungiyoyi Marasa Gwamnati (NST).

## References
Natalia Taubina

**Natalia Evgenyeva Taubina** (Russian) 'yar gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan adam ce.

An gabatar da Natalia Taubina a matsayin Darakta a Cibiyar Binciken Hakkin Dan Adam ta Rasha da kuma Cibiyar Jama'a ta Civil Society. Tana jagorantar Public Verdict, wata ƙungiya da ke taimakawa mutanen da suka fuskanci cin zarafin 'yan sanda. Ta samu lambar yabo ta Alison Des Forges Award daga Human Rights Watch saboda ƙoƙarinta na musamman wajen kare hakkin dan adam. Hakanan, ta sami lambar yabo ta Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award saboda aikinta na kare hakkin bil’adama.

## Manazarta
Paulos Tesfagiorgis

**Paulos Tesfagiorgis** ɗan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan adam ne na Eritrea . Ya kafa Cibiyar Yankin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da Ci Gaban Jama'a (PFDJ) mai lasisi a Eritrea. Tesfagiorgis ya kuma kasance co-kafa kuma shugaban kungiyar Eritrean Relief Association a lokacin yakin neman 'yancin kai na Eritrea . 

## Ayyuka
A lokacin ‘Yakin Independence na Eritrea, Paulos Tesfagiorgis shi ne shugaban Ƙungiyar Taimakon Eritrea, inda yake tsara taimakon ƙasa da ƙasa ga ‘yan Eritrea, musamman a lokacin yunwar 1983–1985 a Habasha. Bayan samun ‘yancin Eritrea, an nada Tesfagiorgis a kwamishin da ya ƙirƙiri kundin tsarin mulkin Eritrea. An amince da kundin tsarin mulkin ne a shekarar 1997. A shekara ta 2002, Tesfagiorgis da wasu ‘yan Eritrea 17 suka kafa ƙungiyar Citizens Initiative for the Salvation of Eritrea (CISE)

## Ra'ayoyin siyasa
A cikin takardarsa mai suna *A Personal Observation*, Tesfagiorgis ya wallafa wani labari mai taken “Me Ya Yi Kus-kure?: Ƙungiyar ‘Yantar da Mutanen Eritrea daga Yaki Zuwa Mulkin Jiha**.”** A cikin wannan rubutun, Tesfagiorgis ya bayyana ra’ayinsa game da siyasa da Dimokuradiyya ta hanyar nazarin yadda Ƙungiyar ‘Yantar da Mutanen Eritrea (EPLF) ta canza daga rundunar ‘yantarwa zuwa gwamnatin danniya. EPLF ta fara ne da nasara wajen haɗa ƙungiyoyin Eritrea don yakar mamayar Habasha. Sai dai takardar ta nuna cewa a ƙarshen yakin ‘yanci, EPLF ta gaza samar da dimokuradiyya bayan yakin. An takaita ra’ayin siyasa da kuma ‘yancin ‘yan jarida, abin da ya sa da dama daga cikin ‘yan Eritrea suka tsere daga ƙasar. Tesfagiorgis ya kammala da cewa gazawar EPLF wajen daidaita wa sabon yanayin zaman lafiya da kuma ayyukan shugaban ƙasa sun haifar da mulkin danniya da kuma ruguza burin samun Eritrea mai ‘yanci da ci gaba. 

Ya yi imani cewa gwamnati kawai waɗanda aka zaɓa ta dimokuradiyya ne suke da sahihanci, saboda koyaushe suna ɗaukar alhakin ga mutanen da suke mulkawa. Saboda wannan dalili, shi ma ya guji tashin hankali. A shekarar 2018, ya shiga ƙungiyar masu fafutuka marasa son ra’ayi ta Eritrea Focus dake Burtaniya domin inganta sauyin mulki na dimokuradiyya ba tare da tashin hankali ba.

## Manazarta
Louis Flower

Louis Christopher Chukwuemeka Flower (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan  Oktoban shekara  2004) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin dan wasan gaba a kungiyar Crawley Town ta EFL League Two

## Ayyukansa
Farawarsa da makaranta a cambridge united,se ya komaya  shiga Chelsea a mataki na yan wasa yan  kasa da shekaru

## Brighton & Hove Albion

## Saka manazarta
Fasaha mai daurewa

Zane mai ɗorewa na muhalli (wanda ake kira ƙira mai kula da muhalli, ƙirar yanayi, da sauransu) shine falsafar zayyana abubuwa na zahiri, yanayin da aka gina, da sabis don bin ka'idodin dorewar muhalli kuma da nufin haɓaka lafiya da kwanciyar hankali na mazauna cikin gini. Zane mai dorewa yana neman rage mummunan tasiri a kan muhalli, lafiya da jin daɗin ginin gine-gine, don haka inganta aikin ginin. Asalin maƙasudin dorewa shine rage yawan amfani da albarkatun da ba za a iya sabuntawa ba, rage sharar gida, da ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau, mai albarka.

## Ka'idar
Zane mai dorewa yana nufin "kawar da mummunan tasirin muhalli ta hanyar ƙware mai ƙira". Bayyanar ƙirar ƙira mai ɗorewa na buƙatar albarkatu masu sabuntawa da sabbin abubuwa don tasirin muhalli kaɗan, da haɗa mutane da yanayin yanayi.

"'Yan Adam ba su da matsalar gurbatar yanayi; suna da matsalar ƙira. Idan mutane za su ƙirƙira kayayyaki, kayan aiki, kayan daki, gidaje, masana'antu, da birane da hankali tun daga farko, ba za su ma buƙatar yin tunani game da sharar gida, gurɓatawa, ko rashin ƙarfi ba. Kyakkyawan ƙira zai ba da damar yin amfani da yawa, sake amfani da shi, da jin daɗi." - The Upcycle ta marubuta Michael Braungart da William McDonough, 2013.

Hukunce-hukuncen da ke da alaƙa da ƙira suna faruwa a ko'ina kowace rana, suna yin tasiri "ci gaba mai dorewa" ko tanadi don buƙatun rayuwa na gaba a duniya. Dorewa da ƙira suna da alaƙa da kusanci. A sauƙaƙe, an tsara makomarmu. Kalmar "tsari" ana amfani da ita a nan don komawa ga ayyukan da aka yi amfani da su wajen kera kayayyaki, ayyuka, da kasuwanci da dabarun ƙirƙira--duk waɗanda ke ba da ɗorewa. Ana iya tunanin dorewa a matsayin dukiyar ci gaba; wato abin da ke dawwama yana iya ci gaba.

Matsalolin tunani

Ragewar dawowa

Manufar raguwar dawowa, wanda aka saba kwatanta ta hanyar 'S' a cikin tsarin rayuwar fasaha, yana nufin raguwar fa'idar da aka samu daga ci gaba da saka hannun jari ko ƙoƙari. A cikin fagage kamar ilimin kimiyyar masana'antu da kima na rayuwa, wannan ra'ayi yana da alaƙa da ƙarshen amfani na tsarin. Littattafan gudanarwa sun nuna cewa lokacin da hanyoyin gargajiya suka kai ga raguwar dawowa, zai iya sa ƙungiyoyi su sake tantance dabarun su da kuma gano wasu damammaki.

Duba kuma:

Dokar rage dawowa

Ƙarfafa mai amfani

Jevons paradox

Zuba jari mara dorewa

Matsala ta taso lokacin da iyakokin albarkatu ke da wuya a gani, don haka ƙara yawan zuba jari don mayar da martani ga raguwar dawowa na iya zama mai riba kamar yadda yake a cikin Bala'i na Commons, amma yana iya haifar da rushewa. An kuma yi nazari kan wannan matsala ta karuwar saka hannun jari wajen rage albarkatu a matsayin sanadin rugujewar wayewa ta Joseph Tainter da sauransu. Wannan kuskuren dabi'a a manufofin saka hannun jari ya ba da gudummawa ga rushewar Rum da Mayan, da sauransu. Sauƙaƙe albarkatu fiye da kima yana buƙatar rage matsa lamba akan su, ba a ci gaba da ƙara shi ba ko da inganci ko a'a.

## Manazarta
Tor (tsarin dutse)

Tor, wanda kuma Masana ilimin ƙasa suka sani da ko dai masallaci ko **kopje**, babban dutse ne mai zaman kansa wanda ke tashi ba zato ba tsammani daga gangaren da ke kewaye da shi mai santsi da taushi na taron tsaunuka ko tsaunuka. A tudun maso Yammacin Ingila, ana amfani da kalmar ne ga tuddai da kansu - musamman manyan wuraren Dartmoor a Devon da Bodmin Moor a Cornwall.

## Magana
Kodayake sunayen wuraren Ingilishi galibi suna da ilimin Celtic, *Oxford English Dictionary* ba ya lissafa wani nau'i ga kalmar Tsohon Ingilishi a ko dai Breton ko yarukan Cornish (an yi tunanin cewa Gaelic na Scotland ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Tsohon Turanci). Saboda haka an yarda da cewa kalmar Ingilishi *Tor* ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Tsohon Welsh, ma'ana tarin ko tarin.

## Kafawa

Tors sune siffofin ƙasa waɗanda aka kirkira ta hanyar rushewa da yanayin dutse; galibi granites, amma kuma schists, dacites, Dolerites, ignimbrites,  sandstones da sauransu.  Tors galibi ƙasa da mita 5 (16  tsawo. An gabatar da ra'ayoyi da yawa don bayyana asalin su kuma wannan ya kasance batun tattaunawa tsakanin masana kimiyyar ƙasa da masana kimiyyyar ƙasa, da masu ilimin ƙasa. An yi la'akari da cewa an halicce tors ta hanyar Tsarin geomorphic wanda ya bambanta sosai a cikin nau'i da tsawon lokaci bisa ga bambance-bambance na yanki da na gida a cikin yanayi da nau'ikan dutse.

Misali, dutsen Dartmoor an sanya shi kusan shekaru miliyan 280 da suka gabata. Lokacin da duwatsun murfin suka lalace an fallasa su ga tsarin sinadarai da na jiki. Inda haɗin gwiwa ke kusa, manyan lu'ulu'u a cikin dutse suna rushewa cikin sauƙi don samar da yashi mai yashi wanda aka sani a cikin gida kamar *growan*. Ana cire wannan cikin sauƙi ta hanyar solifluction ko wankewa na ƙasa lokacin da ba a kare shi da ciyayi ba, musamman a lokacin dogon sanyi a lokacin zamanin Quaternary ice - periglaciation.

Inda haɗin gwiwa ya faru da nisa sosai, manyan tubalan zasu iya tsira kuma su kasance sama da yanayin yanayi, suna tasowa cikin tors. Wadannan na iya zama monolithic, kamar a Haytor da Blackingstone Rock, amma galibi ana rarraba su cikin ɗakunan, galibi ana shirya su a cikin hanyoyi. Kowane tarin na iya haɗawa da matakai da yawa ko matakai, wanda zai iya zama ya rabu: matakai masu girgiza ana kiransu duwatsu. Wadannan tarin suna da rauni ga aikin sanyi kuma sau da yawa suna rushewa suna barin hanyoyin tubalan da ke ƙasa da gangaren da ake kira *clitter* ko *clatter*. Har ila yau, yanayin yanayi ya haifar da "basins na dutse" wanda aka kafa ta hanyar tara ruwa da maimaita daskarewa da narkewa. Ana samun misali a Kes Tor a kan Dartmoor .

Dating na 28 tors a kan Dartmoor ya nuna cewa mafi yawansu matasa ne masu ban mamaki, kasa da shekaru 100,000 na bayyanar farfajiyar, ba tare da wani sama da shekaru 200,000 ba. Wataƙila sun fito ne a farkon babban zamanin kankara na ƙarshe (Devensian). Sabanin haka Cairngorms na Scotland, wanda shine sauran tarin dutse na dutse a Burtaniya, tsofaffin tors da aka rubuta suna tsakanin shekaru dubu 200 da 675 na fallasawa, har ma da waɗanda aka canza su da glacially suna da kwanakin shekaru 100-150,000.

## Manazarta
Jammed

The ***Jammed*** fim ne na 2007 wanda Dee McLachlan ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni.

Fim din labari ne game da fataucin mutane da cinikin bayi na jima'i a Melbourne, da kuma binciken 'yan mata uku da kungiyar fataucin ta kama. Rubutun kotu da ainihin abubuwan da suka faru sun kasance tasiri a cikin samar da fim din.

An zabi *Jammed* don lambar yabo ta AFI guda bakwai, don kyaututtuka huɗu na FCCA  da kuma lambar yabo ta IF guda shida,  wanda ya lashe Kyautar AFI mafi kyau, mafi kyawun rubutun da mafi kyawun kiɗa. 

David Stratton da Margaret Pomeranz sun sake nazarin fim din da kyau. An canza shirin rarraba na asali na fitowar DVD ba da daɗewa ba bayan mai shirya fim da mai rarrabawa John L Simpson na Titan View ya yi amfani da kuɗin gidansa don sakin fim din. Ya ƙare nunawa a kan allo 40 a Ostiraliya da 10 a New Zealand.

## Makirci
Fim din ya fara ne da yin tambayoyi a ofishin shige da fice na wani baƙo ba bisa ka'ida ba da ke aiki a matsayin karuwa a gefen korar shi. A cikin fim ɗin ya zama bayyananne cewa ɗaya daga cikin masu tambayoyin (Damien Richardson) ya yi jima'i da yarinyar a gidan karuwai ba bisa ka'ida ba, yana ƙin ƙarfafawarsa ta faɗi gaskiya.

Fim din ya koma makonni uku da suka gabata lokacin da Ashley (Veronica Sywack), mai gajiyarwa, magatakarda mai inshora guda ɗaya, ba tare da saninsa ba ya shiga lokacin da ta sadu da wata mace ta kasar Sin, Sunee (Amanda Ma), yayin da jirgin saman da ya makance ya yi kuskure. Mun fahimci cewa Sunee tana neman 'yarta, Rubi. Ta hanyar abubuwan da suka faru daban-daban, mun sadu da Crystal (Emma Lung), Vanya (Saskia Burmeister) da Rubi (Sun Park), wadanda dukansu sun kasance bayi a gidan karuwai na Melbourne a kan batun "yi aiki da bashin su" na farashin da ake fataucin su zuwa Ostiraliya ta amfani da takardun karya.

## Masu ba da labari

## Karɓar baƙi
An karɓi fim ɗin da kyau tare da yabo saboda gaskiya da ba da labari na fina-finai game da labarun gaskiya masu tsanani. Jaridar Melbourne The Age ta ce "Labarin ya hau kan wani karfi na bayanai game da cinikin bayi na jima'i na Melbourne, yana nuna babban bincike da ya shiga cikin fim din".

## Ofishin akwatin
*Jammed* ya samu dala 861,524 a ofishin jakadancin a Ostiraliya.

## Manazarta
Euronat (mazaunin halitta)

**Euronat** wurin shakatawa ne na hutu Wanda ke kusa da wurin shakatawa na CHM Montalivet, a Grayan-et-l'Hôpital, Faransa .

Bayan nasarar CHM Montalivet, ya bayyana cewa akwai buƙatar ƙarin iyawa. Hubert Lacroix ne ya kafa Euronat (1931-1995) a cikin gandun daji mai nisan kilomita 1 (0.62  daga rairayin bakin teku. Ana samun wannan a kan hanyar jirgin ruwa ta hanyar dunes masu kariya ko ta hanyar hanya inda akwai filin ajiye motoci kusa da rairayin bakin teku. Dukan yankin na halitta ne. An buɗe Euronat a cikin 1975. Yana da kadada 335 (830 acres) a yankin da ke sanya shi babbar cibiyar hutu a Turai. An ba da lasisi don zama na dindindin.

Yawancin yankin an ɗauke su da shaguna amma kadada 8.1 (20 acres) an tanada su don tafiya, da kadada 30 (74 acres) don sansani. Har ila yau, yana da sassan filin shakatawa na gida guda biyu. Yana da tafkin yin iyo mai zafi a cikin gida, sabon tafkin waje, tafkin slide na waje, babban zauren taro, kuma yana alfahari da cibiyar Thalassotherapy. Cibiyar ta haɗa da ɗakunan motsa jiki da ɗakin nauyi; ayyuka sun haɗa da tausa, wanka na laka, da kuma maganin teku. Kotunan kwallon kwando da kotunan wasan tennis suna kusa da wurin shakatawa.

Akwai shaguna 25 a cikin Cibiyar cin kasuwa. Wadannan sun hada da gidan burodi, shagon ruwan inabi, kantin sayar da kayan masarufi, kasuwar kifi, da kuma shagon kayan masarufa. Daga cikin al'adun al'adu, Euronat tana da kyakkyawar alaƙa da Francois Malkovsky (1889-1982), mai ba da goyon baya ga 'rawa kyauta'.  Har ila yau a tsakiyar akwai pizzeria, gidan cin abinci na teku, gidan cin abincin Faransa da kuma wurin sayar da ice cream. Wasu sanduna sun kammala cibiyar.

Dangane da dokokin cibiyar, masu amfani dole ne su ɗauki cikakken tsirara a duk sassan Euronat, gami da kantin sayar da kayayyaki. Yankunan rairayin bakin teku guda biyu suna da nisan kilomita 1.5 (0.93  gabaɗaya kuma suna da filayen helikofta guda biyu, don amfani da motar asibiti.

## Manazarta
Holly (fim na 2006)

***Holly*** fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2006 wanda Guy Moshe ya jagoranta. Fim din game da wani dillalin kayan tarihi na Amurka ne da aka sace a Kambodiya wanda ke kokarin ceton wata yarinya daga Masu fataucin yara. Tauraruwar Ron Livingston, Chris Penn, da Thuy Nguyen. An harbe shi a wurin a Cambodia, ya haɗa da al'amuran da yawa a cikin gidajen karuwai na ainihi a cikin sanannen gundumar ja na Phnom Penh.

## Makirci
Patrick Thom, wani dan Amurka mai suna card shark kuma dillalin kayan tarihi da aka sace, ya kasance "mai dadi" a Cambodia shekaru da yawa, lokacin da ya sadu da Holly, yarinya mai shekaru 12 ta Vietnam, a cikin ƙauyen K11 red light. Iyalinta matalauta ne suka sayar da yarinyar kuma suka shigo da ita a kan iyaka don yin aiki a matsayin karuwa.

Patrick yana so ya ceci Holly, amma Marie, ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa ta gaya masa cewa biyan 'yancinta zai samar da bukatar masu fataucin mutane, wanda zai haifar da karin yara da za a fataucin su. Ma'aikacin zamantakewa ya kuma gaya masa cewa Amurka ba za ta bari ya karbi Holly ba. Marie ta kuma sanar da shi batutuwan sake dawo da ita cikin al'umma.

## Masu ba da labari

* Ron Livingston: Patrick Thom
* Chris Penn: Freddie Vibal
* Udo Kier: Klaus
* Virginie Ledoyen: Mary
* Jacquie Nguyen: Holly
* Sahajak Boonthanakit: Tommy
* Adi Ezroni: Emma
* Chaya Supannarat: Lan

## Fitarwa

### Rubuce-rubuce
A wata hira a shekara ta 2007, Moshe ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar rubutun Guy Jacobson wanda Moshe ya ji yana da "matsayi mai yawa". Ya ɗauki rubutun ga abokin aikinsa na Nava Levin, wanda kuma ya yi aiki a fim din tare da shi.

### Fim
An harbe fim din a saurin fim na 200 ASA don yin tsarin hatsi na musamman da launi daban-daban. Moshe ya ce fim din yana da wuyar samarwa, saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai harsuna da yawa da ake magana, harbi makonni shida, kwanaki 17, a cikin digiri 100 Fahrenheit, kuma wasu daga cikin 'yan wasan sun sami guba.

## Karɓar baƙi
Jeannette Catsoulis na New York Times ya kira fim din "labari mai ban sha'awa". Ta yi sharhi: "Mene ne da zai iya zama binciken da ya shafi tashin matattu na motsin rai ya zama mummunan ra'ayi na fararen laifi". [1] A kan Rotten Tomatoes, fim din yana da amincewar kashi 65%, bisa ga sake dubawa 23. Luke Y. Thompson na San Luis Obispo New Times ya ji daɗin gyare-gyare da fim din, musamman jinkirin motsi da violins.

## Manazarta
BYD Brazil yanayin aiki jayayya

A ranar 23 ga watan Disamba, 2024, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Brazil da sauran hukumomi sun gudanar da bincike mai ban mamaki na wurin ginin Kamfanin BYD na kasar Sin a Camaçari, Bahia, Brazil. Binciken ya gano cewa yanayin rayuwa da aiki na ma'aikatan kasar Sin 163 sun kasance matalauta sosai. Hukumomin Brazil sun yi Allah wadai da yanayin a matsayin "ƙazantar da hankali" da "kamar bautar" kuma sun dakatar da bayar da biza ga ma'aikatan BYD har sai an tabbatar da hakkinsu na doka. Masu gabatar da kara na Brazil sun shigar da kara a kan BYD a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2025

## Abubuwan da aka gano
Hukumomin Brazil sun gano cewa ma'aikatan ba za su iya barin dakunansu ba tare da izini ba, an tilasta musu yin aiki na dogon lokaci ba tare da hutun mako-mako ba, kuma an hana su albashi da fasfo. Gidan zama sun cika da mutane kuma ba su da kayan more rayuwa, gami da isasshen bayan gida da firiji don abinci. Hukumomin ma'aikata na Brazil sun bayyana cewa ma'aikatan wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane ne.

Hukumomin Brazil sun yi Allah wadai da irin wannan yanayin aiki kamar "ƙazantar da hankali" da "kamar bautar" kuma sun dakatar da bayar da biza ga ma'aikatan BYD har sai an tabbatar da hakkinsu na doka.

An rufe shafin, kuma an tura ma'aikata 163 a shafin zuwa masaukin otal har sai an cimma yarjejeniya don kawo karshen kwangilar su. Ya zuwa 8 ga Janairun 2025, duk ma'aikatan sun karɓi biyan kuɗi kuma sun koma China.

## Halin da aka yi
Bayan binciken, reshen BYD Auto Brazil ya yarda cewa akwai matsaloli tare da yanayin aiki kuma ya sake mayar da ma'aikata zuwa otal-otal na gida.

Kungiyar Jinjiang, dan kwangila na BYD, ta bayyana cewa sun ki amincewa da kimantawar hukumomin Brazil cewa ma'aikatan suna aiki ne a karkashin yanayin "kamar bawa". Jinjiang ya bayyana cewa sanarwa cewa ma'aikatan "bayin" ba daidai ba ne kuma akwai fassarar ƙarya. BYD da farko ya bayyana shirin su na dakatar da kwangilar tare da Jinjiang, amma daga baya ya ki yin hakan. Li Yunfei, Janar Manajan Sashen Harkokin Kasuwanci da Harkokin Jama'a na BYD Group ya wallafa a kan Weibo yana zargin "dakarun kasashen waje" da "rashin alamun kasar Sin da kasar".  

Liane Durao, mai binciken ma'aikata na Brazil wanda ke jagorantar binciken ya bayyana wa Reuters cewa ana kawo ma'aikatan kasar Sin zuwa Brazil a kan biza mara kyau.

Wannan shari'ar ta haifar da tashin hankali a kafofin sada zumunta na kasar Sin game da BYD, inda ta bude tattaunawa game da haƙƙin ma'aikata. Wasu masu amfani da Intanet na kasar Sin sun ce yanayin rayuwa ga ma'aikata a Brazil sun kasance na musamman ga waɗanda aka samu a wuraren gini a kasar Sin.

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2025, masu gabatar da kara na Brazil sun shigar da kara a kan BYD, suna zargin fataucin mutane da kuma rike ma'aikata a cikin "yanayin bautar". 

## Dubi kuma

* Zarge-zargen keta haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin Belt da Road Initiative
* Foxconn and unions § Brazil

## Manazarta
Bautar jima'i a kasar Sin

**Bautar jima'i a kasar Sin** cin zarafin jima'i ne da bautar da ke faruwa a Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin.

## Tarihi
'Dan kasar Sin da wadanda abin ya shafa na kasashen waje, da farko mata da 'yan mata, ana kiyaye su ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin halin da ake ciki inda ake yi musu fyade da kuma cutar da su a jiki da tunani a wasu hanyoyi. Yawancin cututtukan da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i, kuma an yi musu cin zarafi, an yi musu duka, kuma sun yi yunwa. Ana azabtar da wasu mata da 'yan mata   kuma ana kashe su. Sauran sun kashe kansu.

Ana tilasta wa wadanda abin ya shafa yin karuwanci, aure, da kuma ciki. Mutane da yawa ana ɗaure su ko kulle su a gidaje, gidajen karuwai, ko wuraren jima'i na kai tsaye, kamar lambunan giya, dakunan massage, salons, mashaya na karaoke, wuraren sayarwa, da wuraren da ba na kasuwanci ba. Sauran wurare sun haɗa da wuraren gini, sansanonin hakar ma'adinai da katako, da kuma yankunan da ke da yawan ma'aikatan ƙaura na kasar Sin. Wadanda abin ya shafa sun fuskanci fyade na ciki da na baya, taɓawa, da kuma tilasta masturbation a cikin haramtacciyar fataucin jima'i na yanar gizo 'yan fyade na kan layi' da aka yi amfani da su don raba bidiyo na batsa da na kai tsaye a cikin karni na ashirin da daya. Rashin fyade na rukuni yana faruwa a cikin waɗannan ramuka. Masu fataucin kaya suna sayar da waɗannan bidiyon kuma suna samun kudaden shiga ta hanyar ƙara su zuwa shafukan yanar gizo na batsa. Saboda karancin mata a kasar Sin, ana fataucin mata matasa a kasar a matsayin amarya kuma ana yi musu fyade har sai sun yi juna biyu.

Wadanda abin ya shafa sun bautar da mutanen da suka sani da kuma masu aikata fataucin jima'i a kasar Sin. Masu aikata laifin sun fito ne daga wurare daban-daban da kowane matsayi na zamantakewa kuma sun haɗa da, amma ba a iyakance su ba, 'yan uwa, abokai, abokan aji, abokan aiki, sanannun mutane, masu fataucin mutane, da membobin kungiyar masu aikata laifuka. Suna yin niyya ga yara, matalauta, baƙi, nakasassu, kabilanci da addinai, da baƙi. Ana tilasta wa wadanda abin ya shafa kuma ana barazanar su don haka sun fi dacewa. Wasu suna shan miyagun ƙwayoyi.

Ba za a iya sanin girman bautar jima'i a kasar Sin ba saboda rashin bayanai, yanayin ɓoye-ɓoye na laifukan bautar jimaʼi, gaskiyar cewa ƙananan ƙananan shari'o'i ne kawai ake bayar da rahoton ga hukumomi, da sauran dalilai. Gwamnatin kasar Sin ta yi wasu ayyuka don yaki da bautar jima'i, amma martani bai isa ba. An dakatar da aiwatar da dokoki da bincike da gurfanar da shari'o'in bautar jima'i ta hanyar rashin sadarwa tsakanin hukumomi, rashin isasshen kula da iyaka, shingen harshe na wadanda ke fama da cutar kasashen waje, cin hanci da rashawa, da rashin kulawa.
 

## Manazarta
Audrey McCall Beach

**Audrey McCall Beach** (wanda aka fi sani da Eastbank Crescent Beach, ko Eastbank Crescen da Dock)  rairayin bakin teku ne na birni a gefen gabas na Kogin Willamette, kusa da Hawthorne Bridge a Portland, Oregon, Amurka. 

## Bayyanawa da tarihi
An sanya masa suna bayan Audrey McCall, aikin Human Access Project (HAP) ne ya jagoranci budewa. HAP ta cire tan 19 na kankare daga abin da zai zama Audrey McCall Beach a lokacin 2013-2019 tare da taimakon masu sa kai da ma'aikatan aiki na fursunoni.  

A cikin shekara ta 2015, HAP ta sami nasarar yin kira ga Majalisar Birnin don ƙirƙirar ingantaccen rairayin bakin teku a gefen gabas na kogi, wanda ake kira Audrey McCall Beach.

A ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 2017, Tad McCall (ɗan tsohon Gwamnan Oregon Tom McCall da Audrey McCall) ya nuna goyon baya ga ci gaban wurin shakatawa na rairayin bakin teku don girmama mahaifiyarsa. A cikin 2018, HAP ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Ofishin Sufuri na Portland (PBOT) don samar da Sunday Splashways tare da shirin PBOT na Sunday Parkways . 

An buɗe rairayin bakin teku a matsayin rairayin rairayin kan jama'a na biyu a ranar 5 ga Yuli, 2019. HAP ta jagoranci kokarin, samun izinin da ake bukata don yankin yin iyo da kuma tallafawa shirin mai tsaron rai a rairayin bakin teku don shekarar budewa. An kafa masu tsaron rai a bakin rairayin bakin teku a lokacin da aka zaɓa a ranar Jumma'a zuwa Lahadi tsakanin 5 ga Yuli da 1 ga Satumba, 2019.    A cikin 2019 HAP ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Ground Score ba tare da riba ba don tallafawa hayar marasa gida don kiyaye rairayin bakin teku mai tsabta a lokacin rani.

Yuli 25, 2022, Portland Parks & Recreation tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da HAP mai suna Audrey McCall Beach ɗaya daga cikin wuraren yin iyo guda shida da aka ba da shawarar a kan Kogin Willamette . 

## Manazarta
Fairlight Glen

**Fairlight Glen** yana da nisan kilomita 2 (3.2  a gabashin tashar kamun kifi ta Hastings  da nisan mil 1.5 (2.4  a yammacin ƙaramin ƙauyen Fairlight Cove a gabar Gabashin Sussex. Yankin itace ne wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve kuma yana kaiwa zuwa Covehurst Bay. Wannan rairayin bakin teku ne na halitta,    amma baƙi marasa halitta ne ke raba shi. Ba a amfani da sunan Covehurst Bay don rairayin bakin teku, amma an yi alama a kan taswirar OS.

Yankin rairayin bakin teku galibi shingle ne tare da manyan duwatsu da wasu yashi, musamman a lokacin da ruwa ya ragu. Babban kogin yana tsakanin ƙananan wuraren dutse da aka kafa a cikin manyan dutse sun rushe wani lokaci a baya. Babu kayan aiki ko gine-gine na kowane irin a kan rairayin bakin teku, ko kuma a cikin wurin shakatawa na ƙasar a kan dutsen da ke sama. Hannun tashar jiragen ruwa na Hastings yana bayyane ne kawai a lokacin da ruwa ya ragu, kamar yadda Tashar wutar lantarki ta nukiliya a Dungeness 'yan mil da ke gaba da gabas.

Ana iya isa ga rairayin bakin teku ta hanyar tafiya daga Hastings tare da hanyar bakin teku mai tsaunuka har sai wata alama ta nuna hanyar da ke kaiwa ga dutsen zuwa kogin. A halin yanzu akwai karkatarwa a kusa da Ecclesbourne Glen saboda rushewar ƙasa

Hakanan ana iya isa ga rairayin bakin teku daga Firehills, tashar masu tsaron bakin teku da kuma ra'ayi, tare da ajiye motoci ga baƙi zuwa wurin shakatawa. Daga nan yana da tsayin daka na minti 20 zuwa yamma tare da hanyar bakin teku.

Yawancin lokaci yana yiwuwa a yi tafiya a kan rairayin bakin teku zuwa Hastings, amma ana iya yanke wannan a lokacin da ruwa ya fi girma; tafiyar tana da wahala, ta haɗa da tafiya mai yawa a kan duwatsu da tarkace daga dutsen da ya faɗi. Hakanan yana yiwuwa, a lokacin da ruwa ya ragu kawai, don tafiya zuwa gabas tare da rairayin bakin teku zuwa Fairlight Cove da Petts Level. Dukkanin wadannan hanyoyi na iya toshewa ta hanyar dutsen da ke faruwa akai-akai a wannan bakin tekun.

Tsaunukan tsaunuka masu tsawo  ft (30  sune sandstone da yumɓu wanda ke ƙarƙashin rushewa. An rufe hanyar zuwa rairayin bakin teku a hukumance lokacin da aka kwashe matakai na katako na asali da ke sauka daga hanyar bakin teku a cikin rushewar ƙasa. Masu amfani sun yanke wasu matakai a cikin hanya; tun daga watan Yunin 2021  hanyar tana da aminci don tafiya, amma ya kamata baƙo ya kasance a shirye don ɗan hawa Duk wanda ke tunanin yin iyo ya kamata ya san ɓoyayyun duwatsu da rashin masu tsaron rai ko ayyukan ceto na yau da kullun. Wani lokaci ana ceto mutane ta hanyar helikofta daga rairayin bakin teku ko dutsen.

## Manazarta
Yanayin lardin Phitsanulok

Abubuwan dake a cikin lardin Phitsanulok na Thailand sun haɗa da tsaunin Phetchabun, kogin Nan da yawancin magudanan ruwa, da ruwa, dazuzzuka, dazuzzuka, ciyayi, kogo, tafki da kuma babbar hanyar sadarwa ta magudanar ruwa.  Wuraren da ke da yawan jama'a na lardin an kawar da su daga ciyayi na halitta kuma sun dace da noma.  Ƙasar da ke lardin tana cikin Babban Basin Nan, wanda wani yanki ne na Kogin Chao Phraya.  Lardin ya haɗa da ƙasa a cikin manyan raƙuman ruwa na Nan, watau Nan Basin da Yom Basin.] Babban birnin lardin Phitsanulok wani lokaci ana kiransa Song Kwae, "birnin koguna biyu", tsohon sunan da ya samo asali tun ƙarni a baya lokacin da kogin Nan da Khwae Noi suka hadu a kusa da birnin.  Wadannan koguna guda biyu na lardin Phitsanulok har yanzu suna da matukar muhimmanci ga mazauna yankin.

## Duwatsu
Duwatsun Phetchabun suna ratsa lardin, kuma suna samar da tushen koguna da koguna da yawa da ke gudana a yankin.

## koguna

## Dajin
Most of Phitsanulok's forested areas are in the east of the province within Phitsanulok's national parks. The total forest area is  or 37.3 percent of provincial area.

## Yankunan ciyawa
Akwai filayen halitta da yawa ko bating da aka kiyaye a cikin Thung Salaeng Luang National Park na lardin.

## Yankin noma
Yawancin ƙasashen da aka zauna a Phitsanulok (watau, a waje da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa) an share su da yawa daga tsire-tsire na halitta kuma an daidaita su don amfani da aikin gona, da farko noma shinkafa. A sakamakon haka, yawancin nau'ikan asalin rayuwar shuke-shuke a yankin sun zama masu haɗari.

Manyan koguna da ke gudana ta lardin na cikin Tsarin Kogin Nan. Itacen da ke ƙasa yana nuna matsayin kogunan lardin a cikin itacen Nan:

* Kogin Nan
** Kogin Yom
** Kogin Wat Ta Yom
*** Kogin Tha Muen Ram
**** Kogin Chomphu
** Kogin Wang Thong
** Kogin Khwae Noi

## Koguna
Ƙananan koguna da rafi da ke gudana ta lardin Phitsanulok sun haɗa da Fia, Kaem, Kap, Pak, Kleung, Bang Kaeo, Grung Grak, Ban Mung, da Tarai Yoi.

## Ruwan ruwa
Akalla magudanan ruwa tara ko *namtok* suna cikin iyakokin lardin:

* Kaeng Song Ruwa
* Kaeng Sopha Waterfall
* Ruwa na Na Hin
* Ruwan ruwa na Najan
* Pakrong Waterfall (a.k.a. Chat Trakan Waterfall) 
* Ruwan ruwa na Pha Ku Ka
* Ruwan ruwa na Poi
* Rashin ruwa na Sri Dit
* Wang Nok Aen Ruwa

## Ruwa mai sauri
Yawancin rapids a lardin suna kan Kogin Wang Thong . Kaeng Wang Nam Yen Rapids suna cikin Thung Salaeng Luang National Park .

## Hanyoyin ruwa
Masana'antar noma ta Phitsanulok tana tallafawa ta hanyar babbar hanyar sadarwa ta hanyoyin ban ruwa da ake kira *khlong*, wanda ke haɗa gonakin zuwa Kogin Nan da masu ba da gudummawa.

## Tafkuna

* Ruwan ruwa na Huay Nam Kem

## Ruwa mai santsi
Akwai tafkuna da yawa ko *bueng* a lardin Phitsanulok. Mafi mahimmancin waɗannan maras kyau sune:

* Bueng Thakreng (Thai) 
* Bueng Laman (Thai) 
* Bueng Kee Raeng (Thai) 
* Bueng Rachanok

## Manazarta
Rashin tsuntsaye

Rushewar Tsuntsaye shine cikakkiyar kawar da dukkan jinsunan da ke ƙarƙashin aji na haraji, Tsuntsaye. Daga cikin dukkan nau'ikan tsuntsaye da aka sani, (kimanin 11,154), 159 (1.4%) sun ƙare, tare da 226 (2%) suna cikin haɗari. Akwai yarjejeniya ta gaba ɗaya tsakanin masu ilimin tsuntsaye cewa idan Ayyukan ɗan adam suka ci gaba kamar yadda yanayin yanzu ke nunawa, kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukkan nau'in tsuntsaye, har ma da mafi yawan yawan yawan tsuntsaye.  Za ya ƙare a ƙarshen karni na 21.

Ga nau'o'in da ke cikin haɗari, masana kimiyya sun kiyasta cewa za su fuskanci halaka a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata ba tare da ƙoƙarin kiyayewa ba; ga wasu daga cikin waɗannan nau'o-in, kasancewar yawan mutanen da ke akwai a yanzu ba shi da tabbas.

## Dalilan da suka haifar
Duk da yake sau da yawa yana da tasiri daga dalilai da yawa a lokaci guda, asarar mazaunin, amfani, da nau'o'in mamayewa sune mafi girman tasiri akan halakawar tsuntsaye. Nau'in tsibirin suna da hankali sosai ga waɗannan abubuwan, tare da kashi 95% na tsuntsaye tun daga ƙarshen karni na 15 kasancewa 'yan asalin tsibirin. Rashin mazaunin yana da tasiri sosai ga tsuntsaye, tare da sare daji musamman da ke da alaƙa da raguwa a cikin kusan kashi 70% na duk sanannun nau'ikan tsuntsaye. Wasu tsuntsaye na iya zama masu saukin kamuwa da ayyukan ɗan adam saboda yanayin mutum. Ƙananan nau'o'in tsuntsaye suna fama da lalacewar mazaunin, kuma manyan nau'o-in suna fuskantar haɗari ta hanyar farautar ɗan adam da nau'o" masu mamayewa. Manyan tsuntsaye da ke fuskantar halaka sau da yawa nau'in tsibirin ne, kuma waɗannan bambance-bambance a cikin tasiri tsakanin tsuntsaye na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da halaye da suka bambanta tsakanin tsibirin da tsuntsaye masu yawa

### Rashin mazaunin
Kodayake cikakkiyar lalacewar mazaunin na iya rage yawan jinsuna, raguwar mazaunin ma yana da lahani kuma yana da alaƙa da halaka. Misali, itacen itace, kodayake yana nan kuma ba a cikin haɗari ba, ya ga raguwa mai yawa saboda wani ɓangare na raguwar wuraren zama. Tsuntsu mai launin ruwan kasa, kwayar cuta ta asali, ta fi yawa a cikin ƙananan wuraren gandun daji. Wannan canjin a cikin mazaunin ya sa katako da sauran tsuntsayen waƙoƙin daji suka kara kamuwa da parasitism, suna rage yawan su.

### Amfani da shi
Halin cin zarafi, kamar tattara kwai da farauta (misali, don gashin tsuntsaye. nama, haraji, da dai sauransu), yana da alaƙa da halaka da raguwar jinsuna. Duk da yake ba ayyukan da ke adawa da adana namun daji ba,  girbi mai yawa na iya cutar da yawan jama'a, wanda zai iya haifar da halaka da / ko cikakkiyar halaka.  Duk da yake sau da yawa ana danganta shi da zamanin d ̄ a, cin zarafin tsuntsaye har yanzu lamari ne a cikin karni na 21, koda tare da kafa ka'idojin kiyayewa. Ortolian bunting, tsuntsu mai raira waƙa da ake la'akari da shi azaman kayan gargajiya, ana farautarsa ba bisa ka'ida ba a Faransa, inda yake fuskantar cikakkiyar cirewa. Har ila yau, cinikin dabbobi yana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da halaka tsuntsaye, musamman ma halaka parrots. Wannan farauta ita ce ainihin dalilin lalacewar Spix's macaw a cikin daji.

## Manazarta
Rarraba Amfani da albarkatun kasa da Tasirin Muhalli daga Rahoton Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki

Rahoton ya ba da rahoton amfani da albarkatun ƙasa da tasirin muhalli daga ci gaban tattalin arziki shine ɗayan jerin rahotannin ƙasa (Irp) na shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. IRP yana samar da kimantawar kimiyya mai 'yanci da kuma shawarar kwararru kan yankuna da yawa, ciki har da

* Girman da aka zaɓa na albarkatun kasa da kuma yadda ake amfani da waɗannan albarkatun
* Tasirin muhalli na tsawon rayuwa na kayayyaki da aiyuka da aka kirkira da cinyewa a duniya
* Zaɓuɓɓuka don biyan bukatun ɗan adam da tattalin arziki tare da ƙarancin ko mafi tsabta.

## Game da rahoton
Ma'anar rarraba ba game da dakatar da ci gaban tattalin arziki ba ne, amma a maimakon haka yin abubuwa da yawa tare da ƙasa. A cikin gabatarwar rahoton, kwamitin ya bayyana cewa "tsarin ra'ayi don rarraba da fahimtar kayan aiki don cimma shi har yanzu yana cikin matakin jariri" kuma wannan "ra'ayi na farko ƙoƙari ne kawai don magance ƙalubalen".

Rahoton ya yi la'akari da adadin albarkatun da 'yan adam ke cinyewa a halin yanzu kuma ya bincika yadda hakan zai iya ƙaruwa tare da ci gaban jama'a da ci gaban tattalin arziki na gaba. Abubuwan da suka faru sun nuna cewa a shekara ta 2050 mutane za su iya amfani da ninki uku na ma'adanai, ma'adinai, man fetur da biomass a kowace shekara - tan biliyan 140 a kowace shekara: sai dai idan za a iya raba yawan amfani da albarkatu daga na ci gaban tattalin arziki. 'Yan ƙasa masu tasowa a halin yanzu suna cinye tan 25 daga cikin waɗannan mahimman albarkatun huɗu a kowace shekara, yayin da matsakaicin mutum a Indiya ke cinye tan huɗu a shekara. Wani matsakaicin aji biliyan ya fito yayin da kasashe masu tasowa suka zama masana'antu.

Akwai shaidar cewa rarrabawar ta riga ta fara; babban samfurin cikin gida na duniya ya karu da kashi 23 a cikin karni na 20, yayin da amfani da albarkatu ya karu da sau takwas. Koyaya, wannan ba zai isa ya sadu da ƙarancin albarkatun da kuma iyakokin muhalli masu tsanani ba.

Amfani da albarkatun na iya buƙatar faɗuwa zuwa tsakanin tan biyar zuwa shida ga kowane mutum a kowace shekara. Sake amfani, sake amfani da inganci mafi girma duk zasu iya taimakawa wajen cimma matsaya.

Ya nuna cewa rarrabawar na iya zama dabara mai kyau don ci gaban tattalin arziki a kasashe masu tasowa don kauce wa zama tattalin arziki mai yawa a nan gaba. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

## Dubi kuma

* Sabunta yanayin muhalli

## Manazarta
Lange Anna

**Lange Anna** ("Tall Anna"), wani nau'in teku ne mai tsawon mita 47 (154  na Buntsandstein a tsibirin Tekun Arewa na Heligoland, Jamus . Sunan yankin shine *Nathurn Stak* ("Northern Stack").  Ba a yarda da hawa dutsen ba amma masu yawon bude ido na iya kallon dutsen daga nesa.

Lange Anna ya yi kama da Tsohon Mutum na Yau ko Tsohon Harry. A shekara ta 1969 an ayyana shi a matsayin abin tunawa na halitta.

Ginin yana ƙarƙashin mummunar lalacewa da lalacewa. An yanke shawarar cewa duk wani yunkuri na kiyaye shi ba zai iya yin komai ba sai dai ya rage tsarin, don haka Lange Anna a yau an sanya shi ga makomarsa. Masana sunyi la'akari da haɗari mai tsanani na rushewar saman kashi biyu bisa uku saboda yashi mai laushi mai mita 16 (52  sama da matakin teku, wanda ya riga ya zama mafi ƙanƙanta na Lange Anna.

## Manazarta
Yanayin Veliko Tarnovo

**[[Veliko Tarnovo]]** yana cikin Tsakiyar Arewacin Bulgaria, a tsakiyar pre-Balkan kuma a cikin yankin da ke cikin Kogin Yantra.

## Wurin da yake

Manyan hanyoyi suna wucewa ta garin, suna haɗa Yammacin Balkans tare da Tekun Baƙi da Tsakiyar Turai tare da Gabas ta Tsakiya.

## Yankin birni
Garin cibiyar birni ce kuma tana da babban birni tare da garin Debelets, ƙauyukan Ledenik, Belyakovets, Shemshevo, Prisovo da yankunan da ke kusa da Kozlodzha, Dervent . 

## Taimako

Taimako na birnin yana da matsakaicin matsakaici (RR daga 5 zuwa 40‰). A gabas, garin yana kewaye da Tarnovo Heights, a yamma da Kalakaya da Salamatya, a kudu da Debeli Bair, Big da Small Duvar, Patryal Dyal, a arewa da Orlovets da Kartala. Matsakaicin tsawo shine mita 220. Abubuwa mafi girma: Garga Bair (373 m.), Kartala (359 m.), The Small Duvar (351 m.), Patryl share (350 m.). Akwai koguna uku sama da mita 5 a cikin birnin - biyu a cikin Tarnovo Heights da wasu daga cikin Kartala.

## Ilimin ƙasa
Tsarin ilimin ƙasa ya ƙunshi: A kudu, Coneyas - mastite (dutse na carbonate), santon - mastrite (duniya na carbonate) Zenoman Middle Turon, Upper-Aryah Formation (marls da marls na yumɓu tare da sandstones, sandstones), marbles, Krivnen Formation a wurare sandstone, Seshev Formation - siltstones kuma sau da yawa glauconites.

## Duwatsu

Mafi yawan dutsen da ke cikin birni suna cikin Monsonsites: Garga Bair, Kartala, da sauran sassan Tarnovo Hills. Duwatsun galibi sune: dutse, dutse, duwatsun yumɓu na Montmorillonite (bentonite).

## Yanayi

Yanayin yanayi yana da matsananciyar nahiya – matsakaita yanayin zafi -21.8 °C kuma madaidaicin matsakaicin 41.1 °C / da matsakaicin zafin Janairu -0.6 °C kuma mafi ƙarancin -28.1 °C /.  Iskar yamma, arewa maso yamma da arewa maso gabas da ke kan kwarin kogunan sun fi yawa.  Matsakaicin gudun iskar kusan 1.3m/s.  Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara shine 680 mm.  Rufin dusar ƙanƙara shine matsakaicin kwanaki 60 a shekara.  Matsakaicin zafi shine 49%.  Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin shekara-shekara shine a cikin 1991 - 9.34 digiri Celsius, kuma mafi girma a cikin 2002 shine digiri 11.73 Celsius.  Yawancin hazo shine 2005. - 1,056.0 mm.  kuma aƙalla 1985 - 531.6 mm..&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

## Ruwa
Babban Kogin Yantra ya ratsa birnin. Kilomita daya kudu zuwa birnin, a garin Debelets, Kogin Dryanovo yana gudana cikin Kogin Belitsa (daga kwandon Yantra).

Har ila yau, akwai ƙananan koguna da yawa: Kogin Orlova (a yankin Kartala), Kogin Svetogorska da Kogin Ksiliforska .  Kusa da birnin akwai Tafkin Sveta Gora da Tafkin Xilifore . Akwai tafkuna sama da 50 a cikin birni da kewayenta. Babban tushen abin sha shine Yovkovtsi hydroelectric unit.

## Ƙasa
chernozem yana cikin tarihin tarihi da kuma ɓangaren birni (Asenov, Varusha, Marino pole, Cholakovtsi, Acacia).  Garin Gray ya mamaye Tarnovo Heights, Kartala da Buzludzha. Ana tunawa da ƙasa mai laushi a bakin kogin Yantra da Dryanovsk.

## Manazarta
Hasumiyar Tsaro

Clock Tower Beach (Faransanci: Plage de l'Horloge) rairayin bakin teku ne na birni a kan Kogin Saint Lawrence a Montreal, kusa da Montreal Clock Tower a Tsohon tashar jiragen ruwa ta Montreal .

## Bayyanawa da tarihi
An buɗe rairayin bakin teku a cikin 2012. Ya ƙunshi yashi, Kujerun Muskoka, allon jirgin ruwa, mashaya, Ruwan sama da tashoshin hazo. Ana cajin baƙi kuɗin shiga. An fara aiki a shafin a farkon shekara ta 2011, gami da shigar da laima. Claude Cormier ne ya tsara rairayin bakin teku, wanda kuma ya tsara raƙuman rairayin kankara a Toronto.

## Manazarta
El Fonoll

**El Fonoll** ("fennel" a cikin Katalan) ƙauye ne mai son halitta a Catalonia, Spain, wanda ke cikin yankin Conca de Barberà . Ƙauyen tsoho ne, kuma ya faɗi cikin rushewa kafin a mayar da shi kuma ya zama wurin shakatawa a kusa da shekara ta 2000.

## Tarihi
An ambaci El Fonoll a rubuce-rubuce har zuwa 1305. Garin da farko yana dauke da gidan sarauta, wanda babu wata alama da ta rage, da kuma karamin coci da aka keɓe ga St. Blaise, wanda aka gina tsakanin ƙarni na 10 da 12, wanda ya ƙunshi wasu siffofin gine-gine na musamman kuma ya kasance cikin yanayi mai kyau.

Garin ya fadi cikin rashin amfani, kuma gine-ginensa sun zama kango, a cikin karni na 20, kuma duk yankin, gami da sama da hekta 150 na ƙasar da ke kewaye da shi, daga ƙarshe ɗan kasuwa na Barcelona Emili Vives ya sayi shi a cikin 1995, tare da niyyar dawo da shi da kuma juya shi zuwa cibiyar halitta. A lokacin ginin, Vives ya sadu da cikas da yawa daga jami'an gida da na yanki, amma ya ci gaba da aikin kuma ya yi nasarar sake gina kusan dukkanin gine-ginen, ta amfani da asalin dutse.

## Ƙauyen a yau
El Fonoll yana cikin kwarin kogi mai gandun daji wanda ke kewaye da yankin da ke kewaye na noma, kuma akwai babbar hanyar sadarwa ta waƙoƙi da ke kewayawa ta hanyar tsaunuka masu gandun daji da kuma wuraren da aka watsar. An haɗa shi ta hanyar hanya zuwa ƙauyen Passanant kuma ta hanyar waƙa zuwa Vallfogona na Riucorb, duka biyu kusan kilomita 5. Ƙauyen ba shi da ƙuntatawa ga mutanen da ke wucewa, amma akwai alamomi a kan iyakokin ƙasashe suna neman baƙi su cire tufafinsu idan ya yiwu kuma kada su sha sigari ko amfani da kyamarori. Ƙauyen yana samun yawancin abincinsa daga yankunan kwayoyin halitta, kuma yana samar da wutar lantarki ta amfani da Turbines na iska da bangarorin hasken rana.&nbsp;

Ana ba da masauki ga kimanin mutane 200, mazauna dogon lokaci da baƙi na hutu. Zaɓuɓɓuka sun haɗa da sansani da yankin caravan, gidaje a cikin gine-ginen da aka dawo da su, da kuma ɗakunan dutse da yawa da aka ware da suka warwatse a duk ƙasashe. Kungiyar Naturism ta Catalan tana amfani da gini a ƙauyen don ayyukanta da masauki.

Gidajen da ke akwai ga mazauna da baƙi sun haɗa da shago, wurin cin abinci na kayan lambu, ɗakin karatu, wurin yin iyo, filin wasanni, wuraren shakatawa da wuraren barbecue, da ayyukan da aka shirya na yau da kullun kamar wasanni, nishaɗi, da darussan da tarurruka da suka shafi madadin rayuwa. paellas da aka shirya a ranar Lahadi sun shahara musamman. Gidajen suna aiki a duk shekara, amma sun bambanta da lokutan, don haɗawa da ayyukan gargajiya na yanayi kamar calçotades (bikin scallion na bazara) da castanyades (bayan biki na kaka). Saboda wurin da ƙauyen yake ciki da tsawo a kusan 650m hunturu yana da sanyi, don haka yana jan hankalin ƙananan baƙi, galibi suna sanye da tufafi, a waje da lokacin bazara.

## Manazarta