Yuriko Koike

Yuriko Koike (Jafananci: 小池 百合子, Hepburn: Koike Yuriko; an haife ta ranar 15 ga Yuli, 1952) ‘yar siyasa ce daga ƙasar Japan wadda ta kasance gwamnar Tokyo tun daga shekarar 2016.
A baya, ta kuma taba zama mamba a Majalisar Dattawa (House of Councillors) daga 1992 zuwa 1993, sannan mamba a Majalisar Wakilai (House of Representatives) daga 1993 zuwa 2016. Ta rike mukamin Ministar Muhalli a karkashin Junichiro Koizumi daga 2003 zuwa 2006, sannan ta zama Ministar Tsaro a karkashin Shinzo Abe tsakanin Yuli da Agusta 2007.

An haife ta kuma ta girma a Ashiya, wani birni mai arziki, ƙarama, kuma sananne kusa da Kobe a yankin Hyōgo, Koike ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Alkahira da ke Alkahira, Masar a shekarar 1976, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilai ta Japan daga 1993 har zuwa 2016, lokacin da ta yi murabus don tsayawa takarar Gwamnan Tokyo. A da, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Muhalli a ƙarƙashin majalisar ministocin Junichiro Koizumi daga 2003 zuwa 2006 da kuma ta ɗan lokaci a matsayin Ministan Tsaro a ƙarƙashin majalisar ministocin farko ta Shinzo Abe a tsakanin Yuli da Agusta 2007. 

An zabi Koike a matsayin Gwamnan Tokyo a shekarar 2016, inda ya zama gwamnan mace ta farko a birnin.  An sake zabar Koike a shekarar 2020 da 2024, inda ya lashe kashi 59.7% da 42.8% na kuri'un da aka kada.  

Ana ɗaukar Koike a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan siyasar Japan kuma sananne,  Ana yawan ambaton Koike a matsayin mai riƙe da burin Firayim Minista.  Ta tsaya takara a zaɓen shugabancin Jam'iyyar Liberal Democratic Party na 2008, inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta tsaya takarar shugabancin wata babbar jam'iyyar siyasa ta Japan, duk da haka ta zo ta uku a matsayin wadda ta sha kaye a hannun Tarō Asō . A shekarar 2017, Koike ta bar LDP a tsakiyar masu sha'awar kafofin watsa labarai kuma ta ƙaddamar da jam'iyyu biyu: jam'iyyar ƙasa, Kibō no Tō (希望の党/Party of Hope) da kuma jam'iyyar yankin Tomin First no Kai (都民ファーストの会/Tokyoites First Party). Kibō no Tō ya fafata a babban zaɓen 2017 tare da Koike a matsayin shugaba, duk da haka jam'iyyar ba ta yi abin da ake tsammani ba kuma galibi ta ɓace bayan ta haɗu da Jam'iyyar Democrat for the People a 2018. A wannan shekarar, Koike ta sauka daga shugabancin Tomin First kuma ta zama 'yar amshin shata a hukumance. Duk da haka, Koike ta ci gaba da goyon bayan 'yan takarar Tomin First da kuma yakin neman zaɓe a Tokyo kuma jam'iyyar har yanzu tana amfani da hotonta da manufofinta akai-akai.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Koike a ranar 15 ga Yuli, 1952 a Ashiya kusa da Kobe a Hyōgo, Koike ta tafi Makarantar Sakandare ta Kōnan ta 'Yan Mata don karatunta na sakandare. Mahaifinta, Yūjirō Koike, ɗan kasuwa ne na ƙasashen waje wanda ke sarrafa kayayyakin mai. Ya kuma shiga siyasa, yana goyon bayan Shintarō Ishihara da Tatenokai a shekarun 1960, kuma bai yi nasara ba a zaɓen gama gari na Japan a 1969.  Yūjirō ya jaddada wa Yuriko cewa yana da mahimmanci ga Japan ta ƙarfafa dangantaka da ƙasashen Larabawa don tabbatar da isasshen man fetur don hana sake jefa Japan cikin yaƙin mai a nan gaba. Bayan ta daina karatunta a Makarantar Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Jami'ar Kwansei Gakuin a watan Satumbar 1971, ta ci gaba da karatun Larabci a Jami'ar Amurka da ke Alkahira kuma ana zargin cewa  ta sami digirin farko a fannin Fasaha a fannin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam a matsayin babbar ɗaliba daga Jami'ar Alkahira a watan Oktoban 1976.   Lokacin da take da shekaru 21, ta auri wata ɗaliba 'yar Japan amma ta sake ta jim kaɗan bayan haka.   Ta fara aiki a matsayin mai fassara Larabci kuma daga baya ta zama 'yar jarida, inda ta yi hira da Muammar Gaddafi da Yasser Arafat a shekarar 1978,  ta kuma zama mai gabatar da labarai a shekarar 1979. Ta sami kyautar Mace Mai Yaɗa Labarai ta Japan a shekarar 1990.

### Kammala Karatu daga Jami'ar Alkahira
An zargi Koike sau da yawa da yin karya takardun shaidarta, musamman game da kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Alkahira da ke Alkahira, Masar . A watan Yunin 2020, Jami'ar Alkahira ta fitar da wata sanarwa cewa "Jami'ar Alkahira ta tabbatar da cewa Yuriko Koike... ta kammala karatunta daga Sashen Ilimin zamantakewa, Faculty of Arts, Jami'ar Alkahira a watan Oktoban 1976," tana musanta zargin. 

A halin yanzu, zarge-zargen Masar na cewa ta aikata zamba a aiki sun fara bayyana a shekarar 1992,  an fi ba da rahotonsu a lokacin zaben gwamna na Tokyo a shekarar 2016, kuma shirin labarai na Japan *Tokudane ya fara bayar da rahotonsa!* . Koike ta aika takardar shaidar kammala karatunta zuwa shirin don mayar da martani ga zarge-zargen.   A watan Janairun 2018, wata mata da ta yi ikirarin cewa ita ce abokiyar zaman Koike a Jami'ar Alkahira ta rubuta wa mujallar wata-wata ta Japan *Bungei Shunjū* bayan ta karanta wani labari kan Koike.    A shekarar 2024, mujallar ta buga wani labari a shafinta na yanar gizo, ciki har da wani bidiyo inda Toshiro Kojima, lauya kuma tsohon mataimakin Koike, ya ce ya taimaka wajen karya takardun shaidar karatun Koike, ciki har da rubuta takardar kammala karatun bogi.  Koike ya musanta zarge-zargen. 

## Aikin siyasa

Bayan kammala karatunta a Masar, an zaɓe Koike a Majalisar Kansiloli a shekarar 1992 a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Sabuwar Japan . Daga nan aka zaɓe ta a Majalisar Wakilai a shekarar 1993, inda ta wakilci gundumar Hyogo ta 2. A shekarar 1996, aka sake zaɓenta a Majalisar Wakilai, a wannan karon ta wakilci gundumar Hyogo ta 6 ga Jam'iyyar Sabuwar Frontier . Ta riƙe wannan kujera a zaɓen 2000 a matsayin 'yar takarar Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Conservative . Ta shiga Jam'iyyar Liberal Democratic Party a 2002.  Haka kuma ta kasance mai ba da gudummawa akai-akai ga *Project Syndicate* tun 2010.

### Sabis na kabad (2003–2007)
Ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Muhalli da kuma Ministar Harkokin Okinawa da Arewacin Kasa a Majalisar Ministocin Firayim Minista Jun'ichirō Koizumi . Tare da Satsuki Katayama da Makiko Fujino, Koike ya zama sananne a matsayin daya daga cikin "masu kisan gillar" Koizumi a zaben Majalisar Wakilai ta 2005, inda ya tsaya takara a Tokyo a kan wani dan takarar jam'iyyar LDP mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ya yi adawa da manufofin Koizumi. 

An nada ta a matsayin mace ta farko a matsayin Ministan Tsaro a watan Yunin 2007 a lokacin wa'adin Firayim Minista Shinzo Abe, amma ta sanar a watan Agustan 2007 cewa ta yi niyyar yin murabus daga mukamin, inda ta yi nuni da abin kunya na ɓoye bayanai na Aegis a matsayin dalili. Koike daga baya ta nuna cewa yakin da aka yada da yawa da ta yi da Babban Sakataren Ma'aikatar Yasuhisa Shiozaki game da maye gurbin mataimakin minista shine ainihin dalilin, saboda 'yan adawa za su yi amfani da hakan don adawa da lissafin dokokin ta'addanci na Japan.

### Zaɓen shugabancin jam'iyyar LDP ta 2008
A ranar 8 ga Satumba, 2008, ta ƙaddamar da yunƙurinta na zama shugabar jam'iyyar LDP kuma ta zama mace ta farko da ta taɓa neman kujerar firaministan ƙasar Japan: "Na sami goyon bayan abokan aikina. Domin in shawo kan matsalar da al'ummar Japan ke fuskanta, ina ganin ƙasar za ta iya samun 'yar takara mace. Hillary ta yi amfani da kalmar 'rufin gilashi' ... amma a Japan, ba gilashi ba ne, faranti ne na ƙarfe. Ni ba Mrs. Thatcher ba ce, amma abin da ake buƙata shi ne dabarun da ke ciyar da manufa gaba tare da amincewa, manufofi bayyanannu da kuma tausaya wa mutane."  A zaɓen shugabanci, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 22 ga Satumba, Tarō Asō ya yi nasara da ƙuri'u 351 daga cikin ƙuri'u 527; Koike ya zo na uku da ƙuri'u 46. 

## Gwamnan Tokyo
Bayan murabus ɗin gwamnan Tokyo Naoki Inose a watan Disamba na 2013, ana ta rade-radin cewa Koike za ta iya zama ɗan takarar gwamna a zaɓen gwamna da ake sa ran gudanarwa a watan Fabrairun 2014, tare da Hideo Higashikokubaru, Hakubun Shimomura, Seiko Hashimoto da Yōichi Masuzoe .  Daga ƙarshe ba ta tsaya takara ba, kuma Masuzoe ta yi nasara.

Bayan Masuzoe ya sanar da murabus dinsa a watan Yunin 2016, Koike ta sanar da aniyarta ta tsayawa takarar magajinsa . Koike ta bayyana cewa za ta tsaya takara "a matsayin 'yar majalisa ta LDP" amma ba ta sami amincewar reshen LDP na Tokyo ba kafin ta sanar da takararta.  Jam'iyyar LDP ta amince da Hiroya Masuda a hukumance, kuma reshenta na Tokyo ya bayar da sanarwar cewa za a hukunta duk wani memba da ke goyon bayan Koike. Duk da haka, wasu fitattun 'yan siyasa na LDP sun ci gaba da goyon bayan Koike, yayin da manyan shugabanni kamar Shinzo Abe suka guji yin jawabai don nuna goyon baya ga kowanne dan takara. 

An zaɓi Koike a matsayin Gwamnan Tokyo a ranar 31 ga Yuli 2016, inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta hau wannan muƙamin. 

A ranar 21 ga Agusta 2016, a bikin rufe gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2016, Koike ya karɓi tutar Olympics, ta hannun Thomas Bach, daga magajin garin Rio de Janeiro, Eduardo Paes .

A ranar 31 ga Mayu 2017, kafin zaɓen ƙananan hukumomi da ke tafe, Koike ya yi murabus daga jam'iyyar Liberal Democratic Party kuma ya zama shugaban Tomin First no Kai (Tokyoites First). Koike ya kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 2016 don shirye-shiryen zaɓen kuma ya ƙulla ƙawance da Komeito a ƙoƙarin samun rinjayen rinjaye a majalisar dokokin Tokyo.  A ranar 3 ga Yuli 2017, ƙungiyar ta sami rinjaye a zaɓen gunduma, inda ta kori jam'iyyar Liberal Democratic Party da jimillar kujeru 79 daga cikin kujeru 127 na majalisar. 

Koike ya shiga majalisar ministocin Shinzo Abe, inda kasar ta jagoranci martanin gwamnati kan annobar COVID-19 a Japan,  da kuma dage gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Tokyo ta 2020 zuwa 2021. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Ta yi aiki a matsayin gwamna a lokacin kammala gasar Olympics da Paralympics cikin nasara a shekarar 2021. Ta miƙa tutar Olympics ga magajin garin Paris Anne Hidalgo a lokacin bikin rufe gasar, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen wasannin. An gudanar da shi a ɓoye ba tare da izinin masu kallo ba saboda ayyana dokar ta-baci a Babban Yankin Tokyo don mayar da martani ga annobar, Gasar Olympics ɗaya tilo da aka gudanar ba tare da masu kallo na hukuma ba.  Wasannin sun kasance mafi tsada a tarihi, tare da jimillar kashe kuɗi sama da dala biliyan 20.  An gano kuma an bayar da rahoton mutane 788 da Kwamitin Shirya Gasar Tokyo 2020 ya bayar tsakanin 1 ga Yuli zuwa 8 ga Satumba 2021, tare da gano ƙarin mutane 66 a tsakanin ma'aikatan Wasanni kafin wannan ranar bayan Kwamitin ya fara rikodin su a wani lokaci da ba a sani ba. Laifukan sun haifar da damuwa kafin wasannin. An bayyana cewa an karya kumfa da ya kewaye Kauyen Olympic bayan da aka sami shari'ar farko a can a tsakiyar watan Yuli.

A ranar 14 ga Agusta 2022, Gwamnan Jakarta Anies Baswedan ya kai ziyarar aiki zuwa Japan don ganawa da takwaransa na Tokyo, Yuriko Koike, don tattauna yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa a fannoni da dama, ciki har da sufuri na jama'a mai kyau ga muhalli. Baswedan ya wallafa hoton ganawar da Koike a zauren birnin Tokyo tare da wakilai da dama a shafinsa na Instagram. Duk da haka, gwamnan bai bayar da ƙarin bayani game da yuwuwar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin biranen biyu da tsawon lokacin da ya yi a Japan ba. Duk da haka, Baswedan ya gayyaci Koike don halartar taron Urban 20 a matsayin taron gefen G20 a Jakarta a ƙarshen watan Agusta 2022. Daga baya ya lura cewa Tokyo da Jakarta birane ne 'yan'uwa, waɗanda ke da dogon dangantaka. Saboda haka, taron ya ba da kwarin gwiwa don nuna jajircewa wajen ƙarfafa dangantaka tsakanin biranen biyu. 

Koike ya sanar a ranar 29 ga Agusta 2022 cewa Tokyo za ta fara aiwatar da hanyar sadarwa ta wayar salula mafi sauri a duniya. Manabu Miyasaka, sabon mai ba gwamnan shawara kan sauyin zamani na Tokyo kuma tsohon shugaban Yahoo! Japan Corporation, shi ne zai jagoranci wannan gagarumin aiki. 

Koike ta gudanar da dandalinta bisa sifili bakwai, waɗanda galibi matsaloli ne na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da mazauna Tokyo ke fuskanta. Daga cikin waɗannan manufofin, ta sami damar rage adadin yara da ke cikin jerin jira don samun shiga wuraren kula da yara da kuma rage adadin karnuka da kuliyoyi da aka kashe. Duk da haka, masu suka sun ce wasu manufofi kamar magance al'adar aiki mai yawa, rage cunkoson ababen hawa a cikin jiragen ƙasa na sa'o'in gaggawa, da kuma kawar da sandunan wutar lantarki a sama ba a cimma su ba tukuna. 

Koike da ɗan takarar da ta fi so, Hirotada Ototake, sun zo na biyar a zaɓen cike gurbi na gundumar 15 ta Tokyo na majalisar wakilai. Wannan ya sa tattaunawa ta ƙaru kan ko Koike za ta rasa yawancin sunanta a matsayin gwamna mai farin jini sosai. Wannan kuma ya zo ne kafin zaɓen gwamna na Tokyo da za a yi a watan Yulin 2024. An ruwaito cewa babban asarar da Ototake ta fuskanta na iya kawo cikas ga jita-jitar da ake ci gaba da yi game da burinta na komawa siyasar ƙasa bayan gazawarta a babban zaɓen Japan na 2017.  Duk da haka, an yi hasashen cewa zaɓen fitar da gwani bayan zaɓen Tokyo na 2024 cewa Koike za ta lashe wa'adi na uku a matsayin gwamna. 

A ranar 6 ga Agusta, 2024, Koike ta karye gwiwarta ta hagu yayin da take yin wasan farko na biki a gasar ƙwallon baseball ta Central League a filin wasa na Meiji Jingu, wanda hakan ya tilasta mata yin aiki daga nesa. 

## Matsayin siyasa
 
Koike tana goyon bayan sassaucin ra'ayin tattalin arziki, tana haɓaka gyare-gyaren gudanarwa da kasafin kuɗi, kuma tana dagewa kan ci gaba da haɓaka matsayin mata a duniyar aiki. A cikin alƙawarin bin manufofin da suka dace da mata, ta ce, "Ina ganin cewa tura manufofi ga mata zai yi kyau ga Tokyo kuma ya kawo farin ciki ga babban birnin." Ka'idojinta na asali da matsayinta game da gyare-gyaren siyasa sun ƙunshi "Cs 5: Duba, Kalubale, Canji, Kirkire-kirkire da Sadarwa".  Dangane da tattalin arziki, ta matsa lamba ga masu zaman kansu na Japan don rage nauyin bashin gwamnati. Juyawar da ta yi ga ci gaban IT, kimiyyar halitta, ababen more rayuwa mai dorewa, da gyare-gyaren gudanarwa bisa inganci don ayyukan jama'a suma suna cikin jerin sunayen.  Ita ma tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane a sansanin 'yan ra'ayin mazan jiya na Japan.    Wani lokaci ana kiranta da "matsanancin ra'ayin mazan jiya". 

### Muhalli
Bayan ta koyi salon rayuwa na muhalli daga gogewarta ta fannin tattalin arziki a lokacin yaƙi a Masar,  Koike ta magance matsalolin muhalli. Ta bayyana ra'ayin gabatar da harajin carbon a shekarar 2005 domin Japan ta cimma burin Yarjejeniyar Kyoto .  A shekara mai zuwa, ta ƙaddamar da kamfen ɗin " Mottainai Furoshiki", wanda ke kira ga masu siyayya da su yi amfani da furoshiki maimakon jakunkunan siyayya na filastik .  Tana adawa da amfani da man fetur da aka yi da amfanin gona na abinci. 

### Kishin ƙasa da takaddamar da ke tattare da ita
A matsayinta na mai kishin ƙasa, Koike ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mataimakan sakatare-janar biyar na Kwamitin Membobin Diet na Nippon Kaigi, babbar cibiyar tunani mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a ƙasar kuma babbar ƙungiyar masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a, wacce Tarō Asō ya taɓa shugabanta. An kuma san ta da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da sauran manyan ƙungiyoyin siyasa masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.

A matsayinta na Gwamna a Tokyo, ta shafe shekaru tana shan suka daga masu sassaucin ra'ayi na Japan da Koriya a Japan da Koriya saboda kin amincewa da faruwar Kisan Kiyashin Kantō na 1923, wanda aka fi yi wa 'yan asalin Koriya.     Tun daga shekarar 2017, Koike ta karya tarihin tsoffin magajin gari ta hanyar kin yin ta'aziyya ga zuriyar wadanda suka tsira a wani biki na shekara-shekara. Tun daga lokacin ta ba da hujjar hakan ta hanyar cewa ko kisan kiyashi ya faru batu ne na tarihi.  

An yi tambaya game da yiwuwar alaƙar Koike da wata ƙungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a shekarar 2016, lokacin da wani ɗan jarida ya yi tambaya game da jawabinta a wani taro da ƙungiyar mata ta Japan Women's Group Gentle Breeze  ta shirya, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta mata wacce ake zargin tana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ƙiyayya ta Koriya mai adawa da Zaitokukai . A martanin da ta mayar, Koike ta bayyana cewa ba ta san da alaƙar da ƙungiyar ke da ita da Zaitokukai ba, kuma an gayyace ta ta yi jawabi a tarurruka da dama.  

### Matsaya kan Mataki na 9 na kundin tsarin mulki
Ana ɗaukar manufofinta na ƙasashen waje da na tsaro a matsayin masu son kai.    Ta ba da shawarar cewa firaministan ya sake duba fassarar Mataki na 9 na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Japan don bai wa gwamnati damar amfani da 'yancin kare kai na gama gari.  

Ta goyi bayan Amurka da yaƙi da ta'addanci kuma tana adawa da al'adar gwamnatin Japan ta manufofin ƙasashen waje da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta tsara.  Duk da haka, ta aika saƙonni daban-daban ga Amurka dangane da wargaza Gabas ta Tsakiya ta hanyar ƙoƙarin dimokuraɗiyya. A gefe guda kuma, nuna wa sassan duniya irin ƙarfin da Amurka ke da shi a matsayin ƙawance abu ne mai muhimmanci. A lokacin zaɓen shugabancin LDP na 2008, ta yi alƙawarin mayar da tsibiran guda huɗu da ake takaddama a kansu ga Japan idan aka zaɓe ta a matsayin firayim minista. A shekarar 2010, ta taimaka wajen ƙarfafa alaƙar da ke tsakanin Muammar Gaddafi na Libya da Japan. Wannan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Abokantaka ta Japan da Libya. 

### Wasu mukamai
Koike ta kuma tallata al'adun gargajiya na Japan, inda ta fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na cosplay a matsayin Sally daga *Sally the Witch* a 2015, kuma ta bayyana a lokacin yakin neman zabenta na gwamna a Tokyo na 2016 cewa tana son mayar da dukkan Tokyo zuwa "ƙasar anime". 

Koike ta ƙaddamar da "Jisa Biz" (時差biz) a watan Yulin 2017 don haɓaka aikin nesa da kuma daidaita lokutan aiki don rage cunkoson ababen hawa a lokacin cunkoson ababen hawa na safe a Tokyo. 

A shekarar 2017, Koike ta ƙaddamar da sabuwar jam'iyyar siyasa ta ƙasa kuma ta jagoranci. An kira ta Kibō no Tō, wanda ke nufin " Party of Hope ". Duk da cewa har yanzu tana Gwamna a Tokyo, ita ce babbar shugabar wannan jam'iyyar. An yi zaton cewa wannan jam'iyyar za ta iya zama babbar jam'iyyar adawa ga LDP. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2017, Jam'iyyar Hope ba ta yi kyau ba a zaɓen kamar yadda aka zata. Manyan manufofin Koike sun yi kama da na Firayim Minista Shinzo Abe. Manufar da za ta raba su ita ce ra'ayoyinsu daban-daban kan makamashin nukiliya. Koike ya yi adawa da ita a matsayin mai fafutukar kare muhalli. Koike bai shiga wata jam'iyya da za ta maye gurbin Jam'iyyar Hope ba a rusa ta a watan Afrilun 2018.

A shekarar 2023, ta zo ta 62 a jerin Forbes na " mata 100 mafi iko a duniya ". 

## Bayanan kula

## Manazarta