open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Nassirou Sabo

**Nassirou Sabo** ɗan siyasar Nijar ne. An naɗa shi Ministan Harkokin Tattalin Arziƙi a cikin gwamnati mai suna Maris 2, 1990.  Daga baya, ya zama ministan harkokin waje, haɗin gwiwa da haɗin gwiwar Afirka a gwamnatin firaministan ƙasar Hama Amadou wanda aka naɗa a ranar 5 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2000, yana riƙe da muƙamin har sai da Aïchatou Mindaoudou ya maye gurbinsu a gwamnati mai zuwa, wadda aka naɗa a ranar 17 ga watan Satumba. 2001.  Ya kasance memba na National Movement for Development of Society (MNSD) kuma ya taɓa zama sakataren harkokin tattalin arziƙi da kuɗi na jam'iyyar.

Sabo ya gana da firaministan ƙasar Sin Zhu Rongji a ranar 26 ga Yuli, 2000. 

## Manazarta
Hassana Alidou

**Hassana Alidou** (an haife ta ranar 29 ga ga watan Maris, 1963) ta kasance jakadiyar Nijar a Amurka da Kanada daga 2015 zuwa 2019. Sannan ta zama malama ta farko a wurin zama na Cibiyar Tarayyar da Cibiyar Jami'ar Adalci ta Jama'a.

'Yar'uwarta tagwaye Ousseina Alidou, ƙwararriya ce ta ƴan Afirka da ta ƙware a nazarin mata Musulmai a Afirka, kuma farfesa a Sashen Nazarin Afirka da Amirkawa a Jami'ar Rutgers .   

## Tarihin Rayuwa

Alidou ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Niamey a 1987, B.S. a fannin ilimin harshe. Ba za ta iya yin karatun digiri a Nijar ba, ta sami Thomas Jefferson Fellowship wanda ta yi amfani da shi a Jami'ar Illinois. Bayan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin harshe a 1991. Bayan ta koyar a Illinois, ta koma Nijar a 1993 kuma ta kasance malama a Jami'ar Niamey. 

## Manazarta
Tecno Mobile

**Tecno Mobile** kamfanin ƙera wayoyin hannu ne na ƙasar Sin da ke Shenzhen, China. An kafa shi a shekara ta 2006. Wani reshe ne na Transsion Holdings.

Kamfanin na Tecno ya mayar da hankali kan kasuwancinsa a majiyoyin Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, Kudancin Asiya, Latin Amurka, da kasuwannin Gabashin Turai.

## Tarihi
A cikin shekara ta 2006, an kuma kafa kamfanin Tecno Mobile a matsayin Tecno Telecom Limited, amma daga baya ya canza suna zuwa Transsion Holdings tare da Tecno Mobile yana aiki a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin rassansa. A cikin 2007, kamfanin Tecno ya ƙirƙiri tambari na biyu, Itel wanda aka sayar a Afirka. A farkon 2008, Tecno ya mayar da hankali ga Afirka gaba ɗaya bayan binciken kasuwa, kuma zuwa 2010, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan samfuran wayar hannu guda uku a Afirka.

A cikin 2016, Tecno ya shiga dillancin  wayar hannu na kamfanin  a Gabas ta Tsakiya. A cikin 2017, ya shiga kasuwannin Indiya, inda ya ƙaddamar da samfurin wayoyinsa na 'Made for India': jerin 'i' - i5, i5 Pro, i3, i3 Pro da i7. Kamfanin ya fara dillancin sa a jihohin Rajasthan, Gujarat, da Punjab, kuma a watan Disamba 2017 ya bazu a faɗin kasar.

Kamfanin ya gano wasu kasuwanni masu tasowa, ban da Afirka da Indiya, masu yawan jama'a amma akwai ƙarancin cinikayya hajar sa a wuraren. Har wayau bai tsaya nan ba, ya kutsa kasuwannin Bangladesh da Nepal a cikin 2017 kuma ya fara gwajin sayar da hajarsa a Pakistan. Har yanzu kamfanin  na ƙoƙarin kutsawa cikin kasuwar Pakistan kuma ya fara siyar da hajarsa ta yanar gizo-(online) ta hanyoyin kasuwanci ta Intanet-(E-commerce).

## Wayoyin da ake ƙerawa
Wayoyin hannu na Tecno da ake sayarwa a ƙasar Indiya, ana ƙera su a masana'antar Noida (U.P.).

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Karan Malhotra

**Karan Malhotra** daraktan fina-finan Indiya ne kuma marubucin allo. An fi saninsa da fim ɗinsa na halarta na farko mai suna *Agneepath* Wanda yafito a shekarar (2012) wanda ya fito a matsayin ɗayan mafi kyawun fim ɗin Bollywood na shekara. Kafin ya fara nuna darakta a kamfanin Dharma Productions, ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru goma a matsayin mataimakin darakta a masana'antar fina-finan Hindi.

## Sana'a
Malhotra ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar darakta a fina-finai kamar *Jodhaa Akbar*, *My Name Is Khan* da *Jaan-E-Mann* kafin ya rubuta tare da ba da *umarni Agneepath*, wanda ya sake fasalin 1990 na al'ada mai suna iri ɗaya .  

Har ila yau Karan Malhotra ya shirya fim din *Brothers* a shekarar 2015, wani sabon fim din Amurka na *Warrior* na shekarar 2011 tare da Akshay Kumar, Sidharth Malhotra, Jacqueline Fernandez da Jackie Shroff.

Malhotra da matarsa Ekta Pathak Malhotra sun fara haɗin gwiwa akan wasan kwaikwayo na *Shuddhi* wanda aka tsara don fitowar Diwali a shekarar 2016  don Dharma Productions.  Duk da yake aiki a kan rubutun duka sun yi tafiye-tafiye da yawa na bincike zuwa Hrishikesh, ɗaya daga cikin fitattun wuraren harbi don fim ɗin.  A cikin watan Maris 2013, furodusa Karan Johar a hukumance ya sanar da cewa Dharma Productions ya fara shiryawa a kan wani sabon kamfani mai suna *Shuddhi.* 

Ko da yake da farko an yi rade-radin cewa *Shuddhi* na Malhotra zai zama karbuwar fim din Amish Tripathi 's " The Immortals of Meluha ", daga baya an tabbatar da karya.  A watan Satumba na 2013, Karan Johar ya sanar da cewa Malhotra zai jagoranci *The Immortals of Meluha*, amma sai bayan fitowar wasan kwaikwayo na Shuddhi. Duk da haka, a cikin Mayu 2017, Amish Tripathi ya bayyana cewa Dharma Productions ya yi watsi da haƙƙin fim ɗin na littafinsa saboda kwangilar da ta ƙare, tare da mai shirya fina-finai Sanjay Leela Bhansali yanzu yana riƙe da su. 

A watan Mayu 2018, Yash Raj Films ya ba da sanarwar cewa Malhotra zai ba da umarni na gaba fim ɗin *Shamshera* na lokaci-lokaci-adventure, wanda zai fito a 2022. 

## Filmography

; A matsayin Mataimakin Darakta

## Manazarta


## GvHanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Samira Saleh Ali al-Naimi

**Samira Salih al-Nuaimi** (kuma **Samira Saleh Ali al-Naimi**, **Sameera Salih Ali al-Nuaimy**, ko سميرة صالح النعيمي a Larabci) an haifeta ranar 22 ga watan satumba shekara ta aluf (1963 - 22 Satumba 2014)  lauya ce ta Iraqi kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama .

Ta yi suka a shafin Twitter saboda sun lalata masallatai da coci -coci da wuraren ibada .  Sai wasu maza da ke rufe fuska suka sace ta. An azabtar da ita na tsawon kwanaki biyar sannan kuma kungiyar IS ( ISIS ko Daish ) ta kashe ta. 

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi kakkausar suka kan kisan. 

## Aiki
Samiraa al-Nuaimi lauya ce. A cewar Cibiyar Kare Hakkokin Bil Adama ta Gulf, ta yi aiki kan yancin fursunonin da talauci .  Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai aikin sa kai don yancin mata .  Ta kasance daya daga cikin manyan masu fafutuka a kasar ta Iraki, musamman wajen kare kare hakkin mutanen da ke gidan yari, da kuma taimaka wa iyalai da kudi kadan. 

Samira ta zauna a yankin arewa maso gabashin Mosul tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta uku.  A ranar sha bakwai 17 ga watan Satumba, na shekara ta 2014, lokacin da take gida tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta, kungiyar ISIL ta dauki Samira daga gidanta. Sun ce tana da laifin yin ridda a karkashin shari'ar Musulunci . Sun azabtar da ita har tsawon kwanaki buyar 5. Sai suka kashe ta.  Zeid Ra'ad al-Hussein, kwamishinan kare hakkin bil'adama na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya ce ba a ba iyalanta izinin yi mata jana'iza ba. 

Tawagar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a kasar Iraki ta ce an kama ta ne saboda sakonnin da ta yi a Facebook . Ta buga suka kan yadda ISIL ke lalata wuraren ibada a Mosul. Bayan rasuwarta, an cire shafin Facebook.

## Halin kasa da kasa
Ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka ta yi Allah wadai da kisan Samira. Sun ce ta kasance jarumtaka domin tana taimakon mutane lokacin da take cikin hadari. 

Wakilin musamman na Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Iraki (SRSG), Mista Nickolay Mladenov, ya kuma yi kakkausar suka kan kisan al-Nuaimi. Ya ce wannan "laifi ne mai cutarwa da aka aikata kan mutanen Iraki".  Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Prince Zeid bin Raad, daga ofishin babban kwamishina a Geneva da New York, ya ce mutuwar Samira ta yi muni. Ya ce tana da karfin gwiwa domin ta kare hakkin wasu. 

## Manazarta
Samira Khalil

**Samira Khalil** (    ) yar gwagwarmaya ce daga yankin Homs na kasar Syria . Ta kasance a gidan yari na tsawon shekaru hudu, daga shekara ta alif Dari Tara da tamanin da bakwai 1987 zuwa shekara ta alif Dari Tara da casain da data 1991, saboda tai adawa da gwamnatin Bashar al-Assad a Syria . Ta bace a birnin Douma a ranar 9 ga watan Disamba, 2013, tare da masu fafutuka Razan Zeitouneh, Wael Hamada, da Nazem Hammadi .  Ana kiran su " Douma 4 ". 

## Aiki
Bayan kurkuku, Khalil ta gudanar da aikin buga littattafai . Sannan ta yi aiki da iyalan wadanda ake tsare da su . Ta kuma yi rubutu game da tsare mutane a Siriya. Kafin sace ta, ta yi aiki don taimaka wa mata a Douma don fara ƙananan ayyuka don samun kuɗi. Ta zauna a Douma don fara cibiyoyi biyu na mata. 

### Fim
Khalil da mijinta Yassin al-Haj Saleh sun kasance a cikin wani fim na Documentary mai suna Baladna Alraheeb (Kasarmu mai Muni). Fim ɗin ya kasance game da lokacin rayuwar su kafin sace Khalil a shekara ta 2013.

## Kyauta
Khalil ta sami lambar yabo ta Petra Kelly daga Gidauniyar Heinrich Böll a cikin shekara ta 2014. Wannan don aikinta ne a Cibiyar Takaddun Takaddun Cin Hanci da Rashawa a kasar Siriya .

## manazarta

## Sat ran gidajen yanar gizo
Umaru Dikko

**Umaru Abdulrahman Dikko** (31 Disamba 1936 - 1 Yuli 2014) ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne. Ya kasance mai ba shugaban ƙasa shawara Shehu Shagari kuma ya riƙe muƙamin ministan sufuri daga 1979 zuwa 1983. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Dikko a Wamba. Wamba ƙaramin ƙauye ne da ke kusa da Zariya a jihar Kaduna, a arewacin Najeriya. Ya yi karatunsa na farko a Zariya kafin ya samu digirin digirgir a Jami’ar Landan. Kafin shiga siyasar Najeriya ya yi aiki a sashen Hausa na BBC kuma a hankali ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu faɗa a ji a arewacin ƙasar. 

## Sana'ar siyasa
Ya fara taka rawa a harkokin mulkin ƙasar nan a shekarar 1967, lokacin da aka naɗa shi kwamishina a *Jihar Arewa ta Tsakiyar Najeriya ta lokacin* (a yanzu Jihar Kaduna ). Ya kuma kasance sakataren kwamitin da Janar Hassan Katsina ya kafa domin haɗa kan ƴan *Arewa* bayan juyin mulki a 1966. A 1979, ya zama Manajan yaƙin neman zaɓen Shagari don nasarar yaƙin neman zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria . A lokacin jamhuriya ta biyu ta ƙasar, ya taka rawar gani a matsayin ministan sufuri da kuma shugaban tawagar shugaban ƙasa akan shinkafa.

Wani juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1983, suka hamɓarar da gwamnatin Shagari. Dikko ya gudu ya yi gudun hijira a Landan da kuma wasu tsirarun ministoci da jami’an jam’iyyar na Jam’iyyar ta Najeriya. Sabon tsarin mulkin sojan dai ya zarge shi da aikata manyan laifuka a lokacin da yake kan mulki, musamman da almubazzaranci da miliyoyin daloli daga kuɗaɗen shigar da ƙasar ke samu daga man fetur. 

A ranar 5 ga Yuli 1984, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Dikko Affair yayin da aka same shi a cikin akwati a filin jirgin sama na Stansted wanda ake da'awar a matsayin *jaka na diflomasiyya*, wanda a fili ya gamu da laifin garkuwa da mutane. Akwatin ya nufi Legas. 

Ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar Solidarity Group of Nigeria (SGN) da suka haɗe da United Nigeria Congress Party a zamanin mulkin Sani Abacha . A jamhuriya ta huɗu ya kafa jam’iyyar United Democratic Party (UDP), an naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin ladabtarwa na jam’iyyar PDP a shekarar 2013. 

## Mutuwa
Ya rasu a Landan a cikin 2014, yana da shekaru 77.  

## Manazarta
Itel Mobile

**Itel Mobileitel Mobile** kamfani ne na masana'antar wayar hannu na ƙasar Sin wanda aka kafa a cikin shekara ta 2013 mai hedikwata a Shenzhen ƙasar China.

Kamfani ne mai nagarta kuma suna yin kaya masu aminci sannan kuma suna yin kayayyaki masu rikon caji kanar power bank ko wayo yi ko da sauran su.

## Tarihi

Lei Weiguo da Shenzhen Transsion Holdings Co Limited ne suka kafa kamfanin a cikin watan Maris, shekara ta 2013. Ya fi sayar da ƙananan wayoyin salula marasa tsadar kuɗi da waya/salula mai madannai-(keypad phones).

### Ƙasashe
Ana sayar da kayayyakinsa a Zimbabwe galibi a kusa da wuraren; Chitungwiza, Epworth, Dangamvura, Sadza, Mt Darwin ga waɗanda ke son Apple iPhone akan kasafin dalar Amurka $2, Afirka ta Kudu, Indiya, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, China, Pakistan da wasu sassan Afirka, Kudancin Asiya, Turai da Latin Amurka.

## Manazarta
Jamusanci

**Jamusanci** ( [dɔʏtʃ]) yare ne na Yammacin Jamus wanda akasari ana magana da shi a tsakiyar Turai. Shi ne yaren da aka fi magana da shi kuma na hukuma ko na hukuma a Jamus, Ostiriya, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, da lardin Italiya na Kudancin Tyrol. Har ila yau, yaren haɗin gwiwa ne na Luxembourg da Belgium, da kuma sanannen yaren ƙasa a Namibiya. A wajen Jamus, al'ummomin Jamusawa a Faransa kuma suna magana da shi (Bas-Rhin), Jamhuriyar Czech (Bohemia ta Arewa), Poland (Upper Silesia), Slovakia (Yankin Bratislava), da Hungary (Sopron).

Jamusanci ya fi kama da sauran harsuna a cikin reshen harshen Jamus ta Yamma, gami da Afirkaans, Dutch, Ingilishi, harsunan Frisian, Jafananci Low, Luxembourgish, Scots, da Yiddish. Hakanan yana ƙunshe da kamanceceniya a cikin ƙamus da wasu harsuna a cikin rukunin Arewacin Jamus, kamar Danish, Norwegian, da Swedish. Jamusanci shi ne yaren Jamus na biyu da ake magana da shi bayan Ingilishi, wanda kuma yaren Jamusanci ne.

Jamusanci ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan harsunan duniya. Shi ne yaren asali da aka fi magana a cikin Tarayyar Turai. Har ila yau, ana koyar da Jamusanci a matsayin harshe na waje, musamman a nahiyar Turai, inda shi ne na uku da ake koyar da yaren waje (bayan Ingilishi da Faransanci), da kuma Amurka. Harshen ya yi tasiri a fagen fasaha, tiyoloji, kimiyya, da fasaha. Shi ne yaren kimiyya na biyu da aka fi amfani da shi kuma a cikin harsunan da aka fi amfani da su a gidajen yanar gizo. Kasashen da ke magana da Jamusanci sun kasance a matsayi na biyar a fannin buga sabbin litattafai duk shekara, inda kashi goma cikin goma na duk littattafan (ciki har da littattafan e-littattafai) na duniya ana buga su cikin Jamusanci.

Jamusanci harshe ne mai jujjuyawa, tare da shari'o'i huɗu don sunaye, karin magana, da sifofi {mai suna, zargi, genitive, dative}; jinsi uku (namiji, mace, tsaka tsaki); da lambobi biyu (masu ɗaya, jam'i). Yana da kalmomi masu ƙarfi da rauni. Yawancin ƙamus ɗin sa sun samo asali ne daga tsohuwar reshen Jamusanci na dangin harshen Indo-European, yayin da ƙaramin rabo ya samo asali daga Latin da Girkanci, tare da ƙananan kalmomi da aka aro daga Faransanci da Ingilishi na zamani.

Jamusanci harshe ne mai tarin yawa; daidaitattun bambance-bambancen guda uku sune Jamusanci, Austrian, da Swiss Standard High Jamusanci. Hakanan sananne ne saboda yawan yarukansa, tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan iri da yawa da ke cikin Turai da sauran sassan duniya. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan da ba daidai ba sun zama an san su kuma gwamnatocin yanki ko na ƙasa sun sami kariya.

Tun daga shekara ta 2004, ana gudanar da tarurruka na ƙasashen Jamusanci kowace shekara tare da mahalarta shida: Jamus, Austria, Belgium, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, da Switzerland. 

## Manazarta
Harshen Portuguese

**Portuguese** ( ko, a cikakke, ) yaren Romance na yamma na dangin harshen Indo-European, wanda ya samo asali daga yankin Iberian na Turai. Harshen hukuma ne na Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde, Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau da São Tomé and Principe,  yayin da yake da matsayin haɗin gwiwar harshe a Gabashin Timor, Equatorial Guinea, da Macau. Ana kiran mai magana da Fotigal ko al'umma da "Lusophone" ( ). Sakamakon fadadawa a lokacin mulkin mallaka, ana samun kasancewar al'adun masu magana da Portuguese a duk duniya. Fotigal wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar Ibero-Romance waɗanda suka samo asali daga yaruka da yawa na Vulgar Latin a cikin Masarautar Galicia da Lardin Portugal, kuma ta adana wasu lamurra na Celtic a cikin ƙamus.  

Tare da kusan masu magana da harshen miliyan 250 da masu magana da L2 miliyan 24 (harshe na biyu), Portuguese tana da kusan jimlar masu magana miliyan 274. Yawancin lokaci ana jera shi azaman harshe na shida-mafi wanda a kafi yawan magana, da yaren a turai na uku mafi yawan magana a duniya cikin sharuddan masu magana da asali  da kuma yaren Romance na biyu mafi yawan magana a duniya, wanda ya zarce Spanish. Kasancewa yaren da aka fi magana da shi a Kudancin Amurka   da duk Kudancin,  kuma shine yaren da aka fi magana da shi na biyu, bayan  Sipaniya, a cikin Latin Amurka, ɗaya daga cikin harsuna 10 da aka fi magana a ciki. Afirka,  da kuma harshen hukuma na Tarayyar Turai, Mercosur, Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Amirka, Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Yammacin Afirka, Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka, da Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Harshen Portuguese, ƙungiyar kasa da kasa da ta ƙunshi dukkanin Kasashen Lusophone na duniya a hukumance. A cikin shekarar 1997, cikakken binciken ilimi ya zaɓi Portuguese a matsayin ɗayan harsuna 10 mafi tasiri a duniya.  

## Manazarta
Harin Bam a Gombe, Yuli 2015

A ranakun 16 da 22 ga watan Yulin a shekara ta  2015, an kai harin bam a birnin Gombe na Najeriya - ga dukkan alamu ƙungiyar Boko Haram mai da'awar jihadi ce ta kai harin.  

## Wai-wa-ye
Rikicin Boko Haram ya tsananta a tsakkiyar shekarar 2010, ciki har da hare-hare a garin Gombe dake arewa maso gabashin Najeriya a watan Disamba 2014, Janairu 2015 da Fabrairu 2015.

## Hari
A ranar 16 ga watan Yunin 2015 a Gombe, an kai harin bam sau biyu a wata kasuwa mai cike da cunkoson jama'a da yammacin rana, inda mutane 49 suka mutu, wasu 71 kuma suka jikkata.  Bam na farko ya tashi ne a wajen wani shagon sayar da takalma, na biyu kuma ya tashi a wajen wani shagon ɗan China da ke gabansa. 

### Wani harin
A ranar 22 ga watan Yunin 2015 a Gombe aƙalla bama-bamai biyu sun tashi a tashoshin mota guda biyu, inda suka kashe aƙalla mutane 29. 

## Manazarta
Kisan kiyashi a Borno, 2015

A ranar 1 ga watan Yuli, 2015, ƴan Boko Haram sun kai hari ƙauyen Kukawa, a jihar Borno inda suka kashe mutane 97. A cewar wani babban jami’in gwamnati da ya ɓoye sunansa, ‘yan ta’addan sun kai hari kan masallatai, waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa an koyar da wani nau’in addinin Islama da ya wuce gona da iri.  Bayan kashe mutane da dama a cikin masallatan, musamman manya da yara, sai ƴan bindigar suka fara shiga gidajen da ke kusa da wurin inda suka kashe da dama daga cikin mazaunan da suka haɗa da mata da yara. Washegari, 2 ga Yuli, 2015, wasu ‘yan bindiga sun kashe karin mutane 48 a wasu kauyuka biyu da ke kusa da Monguno a jihar dai. Aƙalla mutane 17 kuma sun jikkata a hare-haren. 

## Manazarta
Harin ƙuna baƙin wake a Maiduguri, Janairu 2015

Aƙalla mutane 19 ne, wata yarinya ƴar kimanin shekaru 10 ta kashe a wani harin ƙunar baƙin wake da ta kai.

## Manazarta
Dutsen Aso

**[[Dutsen Zuma|Dutsen]] Aso** wani ƙaton dutse ne da ke wajen birnin Abuja babban birnin tarayyar Najeriya. Dutsen Aso yana da tsayin mita ɗari huɗu  fitaccen monolith mai tsayin mita ɗari tara da talatin da shida  sama da matakin teku. Yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi sani da birnin.Majalisar Shugaban Najeriya, Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya, da Kotun Kolin Najeriya suna kewaye da shi. Yawancin birnin ya kai kudancin dutsen. "Aso" na nufin nasara a yaren asali na ƙabilar Asokoro ("mutanen nasara").

Dutsen Ado ne  wurin da aka yi Sanarwar Aso a shekarar dubu biyu da uku (2003), wanda shugabannin gwamnatocin ƙasashe masu tasowa ta  Commonwealth suka fitar yayin taron CHOGM da aka gudanar a Abuja. Ta sake tabbatar da ƙa'idodin Commonwealth kamar yadda aka yi dalla-dalla a ƙarƙashin sanarwar Harare, amma ta saita "inganta dimokuradiyya da ci gaba" a matsayin abubuwan da ƙungiyar ta sa gaba. 

## Dubaï kuma

* Dutsen Zuma
Tashin Bam a Kano 2013

A ranar 18 ga Maris, 2013, an kai harin ƙunar baƙin wake a kan fararen hula Kiristoci a tashar motar Kano, waɗanda dukkansu ke cikin motocin bas domin zuwa kudancin ƙasar bikin Kiristimeti.

## Harin
A ranar 18 ga watan Maris, wata mota ƙirar Golf ta Volkswagen cike da bama-bamai da wasu ƴan ƙunar baƙin wake uku, ta bi ta kan motocin bas guda biyar, waɗanda fararen hula galibi Kiristoci ne ke shiga gabashi da kudancin Najeriya . Motar ta bugi ɗaya daga cikin bas din sannan ta fashe. Bayan fashewar, mutane sun fara ficewa daga sauran motocin bas din. Gobara ta bazu zuwa sauran motocin bas guda hudu, wadanda da yawa daga cikinsu akwai fasinjoji a ciki.

## Abubuwan da suka faru
Ana hasashen mutane nawa ne suka mutu a harin. Majiyoyi kamar Vanguard sun ce harin ya kashe mutane kusan 60. BBC ta yi iƙirarin cewa 22 ne, kodayake a cewar Reuters, adadin shine 25. Ko da yake ba a yi sabani kan manufar harin ba, motocin bas din na dauke da galibin Kiristoci ne, babban abin da Boko Haram ke kaiwa hari. 

## Duba Kuma
* Rikicin Boko Haram
* Harin Kano, 2014

## Manazarta
Babbar Takardar Shaida ta Kasa

**Babbar Takaddun Shaida ta Ƙasa** ( **HNC** ), wani ɓangare na babban ƙungiyar  ƙwararrun ƙasashen duniya, waɗanda ke ba da takardar shaida ta ƙasa ( HNC ).

## Dubawa
A ƙasar Ingila, Wales da Arewacin Ireland, HNC ita ce cancantar BTEC da Edexcel ke bayarwa, kuma a cikin Scotland, HNC babbar ƙasa ce wacce *Hukumar Kula* da cancantar Scotland ta bayar .  Matsayin samun cancantar ya yi dai-dai da shekara ta 6 a makaranta, ko shekara guda na jami'a a Scotland, da kuma Takaddun shaida na Ilimi mai zurfi amma bai kai na Babban Diploma na Kasa (HND). Karatun cikakken lokaci, cancantar yawanci tana ɗaukar shekara ɗaya ko shekaru biyu na ɗan lokaci.  Yawancin HNCs suna rufe wurare iri ɗaya da HND kuma galibi ana iya kammala HND tare da karatun cikakken lokaci na shekara ɗaya bayan nasarar kammala HNC. 

A Ingila, Wales da Ireland ta Arewa, HNC (a da can matakin cancantar matakin 5) yanzu shine mataki na 4 akan Tsarin Cancantar da aka Kayyade . 

A Ireland, ana ɗaukar HNC kusan dai-dai da takardar shaidar ci gaba na matakin FETAC 6; kamar yadda duka biyun sun ƙunshi aƙalla 8 kayayyaki / raka'a a matakin IRL 6 (matakin Burtaniya 4)

A cikin Scotland, HNC shine Mataki na 7 akan Tsarin Kirkirar Scotland da Tsarin cancanta.

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Directgov: Manyan Takaddun shaida na ƙasa da Difloma na Ƙasa
* Kyauta mafi girma na ƙasa (Majalisar Injiniya) 
* Daidaituwa da karɓa don rajistar Injiniya Haɗaɗɗe (misali  )
Wa alaykumu s-salam

**Wa ʿalaykumu s-salam** (  ) gaisuwa ce ta larabci na addinin musulmin duniya ke amfani da ita wajen amsa da "Assalamu Alaikum". Ni'ima ce ga wani. Ita ce ma'auni na amsawa ga As-salamu alaykum (  ) gaisuwa.  Gaisuwar sadarwar niyya ce don sanin kasancewar wani ko don sa wani ya ji maraba. Ana amfani da su kafin zance kuma an ce suna da halaye masu kyau. Ana ɗaukar gaisuwar wani muhimmin aiki da wajibi na Musulunci. "Salam" ya kasance ma'auni a tsakanin musulmi. Ana yin musabaha a kai a kai a lokacin da ake gabatar da lak  coci da wa’azin Musulmi.  Cikakken form shine "Wa ʿalaykumu s-salāmu wa-raḥmatu -llāhi wa-barakātuh ū " (  , "Kuma aminci a gare ku, da rahamar Allah da albarkarSa").

## '''Ma'anar adabi'''
"Salam" a zahiri yana nufin "aminci". Ita ma kalmar “Musulunci” ta samo asali ne daga gare ta. A faffaɗar ma’ana “salam” na nufin rashin cutarwa, aminci da kariya daga sharri da aibu. As-Salaam kuma daya ne daga cikin sunayen Allah.

## '''Hukunce-hukuncen Musulunci dangane da amfani da sallama'''
Ya kamata a yi amfani da gaisuwar duka lokacin zuwa da lokacin tashi. An kar~o daga Abu Hurairata ya ce: “Idan ]ayanku ya shiga taro, to ya yi sallama. Idan yaso ya tashi ya tafi sai *yayi sallama. Na* farko bai fi na baya muhimmanci ba”. (Hadisin Hasan ne ya ruwaito a cikin Jāmi' al-Tirmiziy ).

Kamar yadda hadisi ya zo, an tambayi Muhammadu wa zai fara “gaisuwar” sai ya ce:Wanda ke hawan sai ya gaishe da mai tafiya, mai tafiya kuma ya gai da wanda ke zaune, ƙaramar ƙungiya kuma su gai da babbar ƙungiya.

: - Saheeh - Al-Bukhaari, 6234; Muslim, 2160 
An kuma bayyana cewa mutum ya yi sallama da shiga gida. Wannan ya dogara ne akan ayar Alqur'ani :To, idan kun shiga gidãje, ku yi sallama da jũna, gaisuwã daga Allah (wato: Assalaamu Aleykum-Alaihi Wasallam), mai albarka, mai kyau.

: — Al-Nuur 24:61 
Malaman addini sun yi sabani kan ko musulmi za su iya fara yin sallama ga mabiya sauran addinai.  Kur’ani yana cewa: “Idan an gaishe ku da wata gaisuwa, to, ku yi sallama da abin da yake mafi kyau daga gare ta, ko (a kalla) ku mayar da ita daidai” (Nisa’i 4:86). 

## Nassoshi
Mujalla

**Mujalla** bugu ne na lokaci-lokaci, galibi ana buga shi akan jadawali na yau da kullun (sau da yawa kowane mako ko kowane wata), mai ɗauke da abubuwa iri-iri. Gabaɗaya ana samun kuɗin su ta talla, farashin siye, biyan kuɗin da aka riga aka biya, ko ta hanyar haɗin ukun.

## Ma'anarsa
A ma'anar fasaha *jarida* tana da ci gaba da rubutu a cikin volume. Don haka *Makon Kasuwanci*, wanda ya fara kowace fitowa tare da shafi na ɗaya, mujallu ne, amma *Jarida na Sadarwar Kasuwanci*, wanda ke ci gaba da jerin nau'i na pagination a cikin shekara mai mahimmanci, jarida ne. Wasu ƙwararrun wallafe-wallafen ko na kasuwanci kuma ana yin bitar takwarorinsu, misali *Journal of Accountancy*. Ƙwararrun ilimi ko ƙwararrun wallafe-wallafen da ba a bita ba gabaɗaya *ƙwararrun mujallu ne*. Cewa wallafe-wallafen ya kira kansa *jarida* ba ya sanya ta zama jarida ta hanyar fasaha; *Jaridar Wall Street Journal* ita ce ainihin jarida. 

### Asalin kalma
Kalmar "mujallar" ta samo asali ne daga  na Larabci, jam'in  ma'ana "depot, storehouse" (asali ma'ajiyar soja); wanda ke zuwa Turanci ta hanyar  Faransanci ta Tsakiya dan jaridar .  A ma'anarta ta asali, kalmar "mujallar" tana nufin wurin ajiya ko na'ura.  Game da buga rubuce-rubuce, yana nufin tarin abubuwan da aka rubuta. Wannan ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa wallafe-wallafen mujallu suna raba kalmar tare da mujallu na foda, mujallu na bindigogi, mujallu na bindigogi, kuma a cikin Faransanci da Rashanci (wanda aka karɓa daga Faransanci a matsayin ), dillalai irin su manyan kantuna.

## Rarrabawa

Ana iya rarraba mujallu ta hanyar wasiku, ta hanyar tallace-tallace ta wuraren sayar da labarai, kantin sayar da littattafai, ko wasu masu sayarwa, ko ta hanyar rarraba kyauta a wuraren da aka zaɓa. Hanyoyin rarraba lantarki na iya haɗawa da kafofin watsa labarun, imel, masu tara labarai, da ganuwa na gidan yanar gizon da aka buga da sakamakon binciken injiniya. Siffofin kasuwancin biyan kuɗi na gargajiya da rarraba sun faɗi cikin manyan rukunai uku:

### Paid circulation
A cikin wannan tsari, ana sayar da mujallar ga masu karatu a kan farashi, ko dai a kan kowane nau'i ko kuma ta hanyar biyan kuɗi, inda ake biyan kuɗin shekara ko farashin wata-wata kuma ana aika batutuwa ta hanyar aikawa ga masu karatu. Zagayewar da aka biya yana ba da damar ƙididdige ƙididdiga na masu karatu.  

## Manazarta
Sajjad H. Rizvi

**Sajjad Hayder Rizvi** hazikin masanin tarihi ne, kuma farfesa a fann tarihin ilimin Islama da ilimin addinin musulunci daga Jami'ar Exeter. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Rizvi ya kammala BA da MA a a fannin ilimin tarihin zamani, da kuma MPhil a karatun gabas ta Tsakiya na zamani daga Jami'ar Oxford. Ya sami digirinsa na PhD a fannin nazarin Gabas daga Jami'ar Cambridge . Rizvi ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a jami'ar Bristol kafin ya koma jami'ar Exeter, inda a yanzu ya zama malami a tarihin ilimin addinin Islama. 

## Ayyuka

* *Mulla Sadra da Metaphysics: Modulation of Being* 
* *Mullā Sadrā Shīrāzī: Rayuwarsa da Ayyukansa da Tushen Falsafar Safavid*

## Duba kuma

* Mohammed Rustom

## Manazarta
The Triumph (jarida)

***The Triumph*** jarida ce a cikin harshen Ingilishi ta Najeriya, wacce aka kafa a cikin 1980 kuma Kamfanin Bugawa na Triumph Limited wanda ke da hedkwata a tsohon birnin Kano, Jihar Kano. A halin yanzu tana fitowa ne a mako-mako tare da ƙudirin sake fitowa a kullum-kullum, ƙarshen mako da Lahadi da kuma buga jaridun Hausa na *AlBishir* da *AlFijir*.

An kafa jaridar *The Triumph* a watan Yuni 1980. Kamfanin mallakar ma'aikatar yaɗa labarai, matasa da al'adu na gwamnatin jihar Kano ne kawai. A watan Oktoban 2012 gwamnatin jihar ta rufe Kamfanin bisa zargin rashin aiki. Daga baya an gano cewa rufewar tana da ra'ayin siyasa.

Gwamnatin da ke yanzu ta sake bude shi kuma ta sanya a cikin kasafin kudin 2018 da kuma alkawarin sayan na'urar buga dijital ta zamani ga kamfanin.

## Nassoshi
Jarida

**Jarida** bugu ne na lokaci-lokaci mai ɗauke da rubutattun bayanai game da abubuwan da ke faruwa a yau kuma galibi ana buga su da tawada baƙi tare da fari ko launin toka.

Jaridu na iya rufe fannoni daban-daban kamar siyasa, kasuwanci, wasanni da fasaha, kuma sau da yawa sun haɗa da kayan kamar ginshiƙan ra'ayi, hasashen yanayi, sake dubawa na sabis na gida, abubuwan tunawa, sanarwar haihuwa, kalmomin wucewa, zane-zanen edita, zane mai ban dariya, da shawarar ginshiƙai.

Yawancin jaridu kasuwanci ne, kuma suna biyan kuɗin su tare da cakuda kudaden shiga na biyan kuɗi, tallace-tallacen jaridu, da kudaden talla. Kungiyoyin aikin jarida da ke buga jaridu su kansu galibi ana kiransu jaridu.

Ana buga jaridu a al'ada a cikin bugawa (yawanci akan arha, takarda mai ƙarancin daraja da ake kira buga labarai). Duk da haka, a yau yawancin jaridu kuma ana buga su a gidajen yanar gizo a matsayin jaridu na kan layi, kuma wasu sun yi watsi da nau'in buga su gaba ɗaya.
Jaridu sun ci gaba a cikin karni na Sha bakwai (17), a matsayin takardar bayani ga 'yan kasuwa. A farkon karni na Sha Tara ( 19), birane da yawa a Turai, da Arewacin Amurka da Kudancin Amurka, sun buga jaridu.

Wasu jaridun da ke da babban ƴancin edita, ingancin aikin jarida, da yawan yaɗuwa ana kallon su azaman jaridun rikodin.

Da shigowar intanet jaridu da yawa yanzu sun zama dijital, tare da gabatar da labaransu a kan layi maimakon a tsarin zahiri, inda a yanzu an sami raguwar tallace-tallace na kwafin jaridu.

## Manazarta
Virgil

**Publius Vergilius Maro,** ( Classical Latin : [ˈpuːbliʊs wɛrˈɡɪliʊs ˈmaroː] ; (kwanakin 15 Oktoba 7021. a gargajiyance Satumba 19 BC),  galibi ana kiransu da **Virgil** ko **Vergil** ( / ˈvɜːr dʒ ɪl / VUR -jil ) da turanci, ya kasance tsohon mawaƙin Roma ne na zamanin Augustan. Ya tsara wakoki uku daga cikin shahararrun wakoki a cikin adabin Latin : *Eclogues* (ko *Bucolics* ), *Georgics*, da almara *Aeneid*. Yawancin ƙananan wakoki, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin *"Appendix Vergiliana"*, an danganta su zuwa gare shi a zamanin da, amma malaman zamanin suna ganin mawallafin waɗannan wakoki a matsayin abin shakku. 

Ayyukan Virgil yana da tasiri mai zurfi da kuma tasiri akan wallafe-wallafen Turawa, musamman Dante 's *Divine Comedy*, wanda Virgil ya bayyana a matsayin jagorar marubucin ta wakar "Hell" & Purgatory. 

Virgil ya kasance a al'adance a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan mawaƙan ƙasar Roma. Hakanan ana ɗaukarsa *Aeneid* a matsayin almara na tsohuwar ƙasar Roma, taken da aka gudanar tun lokacin da aka haɗa.

## Rayuwa da aiki

### Haihuwa da al'adar rayuwa

Tarihin rayuwar Virgil sun dogara ne akan tarihin da mawaƙin Rumawa Varius wanda ya ɓace. An shigar da wannan tarihin a cikin asusun ta masana tarihi Suetonius, da kuma sharhin Servius da Donatus na baya (manyan masu sharhi guda biyu game da waƙar Virgil). Ko da yake tafsirin sun rubuta bayanai na gaskiya game da Virgil, ana iya nuna wasu daga cikin shaidun su don dogara ga yin la'akari da abubuwan da aka zana daga waƙarsa. Don haka, ana ɗaukar cikakkun bayanai game da tarihin rayuwar Virgil da matsaloli.  

## '''Aikin Baya'''
A cewar masu sharhi, Virgil ya sami iliminsa na farko tun yana ɗan shekara biyar, daga baya kuma ya tafi Cremona, Milan, daga ƙarshe kuma ya tafi Roma don nazarin lafazin lafazin, likitanci, da ilimin taurari, wanda zai yi watsi da su don falsafa. Daga nassoshi masu ban sha'awa na Virgil ga marubutan neoteric Pollio da Cinna, an yi la'akari da cewa ya kasance, na ɗan lokaci, yana da alaƙa da da'irar neoteric na Catullus. A cewar Servius, abokan makaranta sun ɗauki Virgil a matsayin mai kunya sosai kuma yana jin kunya, kuma ana yi masa lakabi da "Parthenias" ("budurwa") saboda rashin jin daɗinsa na zamantakewa. Virgil kuma da alama ya sha fama da rashin lafiya a tsawon rayuwarsa kuma a wasu hanyoyi ya yi rayuwar marar inganci. A cewar Catalepton, ya fara rubuta waƙa yayin da yake makarantar Epicurean na Siro a Naples. Rukunin ƙananan ayyuka waɗanda masu sharhi suka danganta ga matashiyar Virgil ta tsira waɗanda aka tattara a ƙarƙashin taken Shafi Vergiliana, amma galibi malamai suna ɗaukar su da ƙima. Ɗayan, Catalepton, ya ƙunshi gajerun waƙa guda goma sha huɗu, :  1602  wasu daga cikinsu na iya zama na Virgil, wani kuma, gajeriyar waƙar ba da labari mai suna Culex ("The Gnat"), an danganta shi da Virgil tun farkon karni na 1st. AD

## Manazarta
Dante Alighieri

**Dante Alighieri** ( Italian: [ˈdante aliˈɡjɛːri] ;  – 14 ga Satumba 1321), watakila an yi masa baftisma da **Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri**  kuma galibi ana kiransa **Dante** da Turanci : / ˈdɑːnteɪ , ˈdæn eɪ , _ _ ˈdæn ti / , [   US : / ˈdɑːnti / [  ), ɗan Italiya ne  mawaƙi, marubuci kuma masanin falsafa.  barkwancinsa na *[[:en:Divine_Comedy|Divine Comedy]]* wanda asalinsa ake kira  ( Italiyanci na zamani: *Commedia* ) kuma daga baya ya yi baftisma  wanda Giovanni Boccaccio ya gabatar,  ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin mahimman mawaƙan Shekarun Tsaka-Tsaki kuma ayyukansa na adabi a matsayin ayyuka na musamman acikin harshen Italiyanci. 

## Rayuwar Baya
An haifi Dante a birnin Florence na Jamhuriyar Florence, a cikin ƙasar Italiya a yanzu. Ba a san ainihin ranar da aka haife shi ba, ko da yake ana jin cewa yana kusa da Mayu 1265.. Ana iya fitar da wannan daga ƙagaggun tarihin rayuwa a cikin Comedy Comedy. Sashensa na farko, Inferno, ya fara, “Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita” (“Midway on the tafiyar rayuwarmu”), yana nuna cewa Dante yana kusan shekara 35, tun da matsakaicin tsawon rayuwa bisa ga Littafi Mai Tsarki (Zabura 89). :10, Vulgate) yana da shekara 70; kuma tun lokacin da ya yi balaguro na tunaninsa zuwa duniya a cikin 1300, an haife shi a kusan 1265. Wasu ayoyi na Paradiso sashe na Divine Comedy kuma suna ba da alamar yiwuwar cewa an haife shi a ƙarƙashin alamar Gemini: "Kamar yadda na juya. tare da tagwaye na har abada, na ga an saukar da su, daga tuddai zuwa kantunan kogi, masussukar da ke sa mu zama masu ban tsoro" (XXII 151-154). A cikin 1265, rana ta kasance a Gemini tsakanin kusan Mayu 11 da Yuni 11 (kalandar Yuli). 

Dante ya yi iƙirarin cewa danginsa sun fito ne daga tsohuwar Romawa (Inferno, XV, 76), amma dangin farko da zai iya ambata da sunansa shine babban kakansa Cacciaguida degli Elisei (Paradiso, XV, 135), wanda aka haife shi ba a baya fiye da 1100 ba. Mahaifin Dante shi ne Alighiero di Bellincione, ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da kuɗi, 

## Manazarta
Tarihin Antarctica

Tarihin Antarctica ya fito ne daga farkon ka'idodin Yammacin Turai a yankin nahiya, wanda aka sani da Terra Australis, wanda aka yi imanin ya wanzu a kudu mai nisa na duniya. Kalmar *Antarctic*, tana nufin kishiyar Arctic Circle, Marinus na Tyre ne ya kirkiro shi a karni na 2 AD.

Zagayen Cape of Good Hope da Cape Horn a ƙarni na 15 da na 16 sun tabbatar da cewa *Terra Australis Incognita* ("Unknown southern land"), idan ta wanzu, nahiya ce mai zaman kanta. A cikin shekarar 1773, James Cook da ma'aikatansa sun ketare Antarctic Circle a karon farko; duk da haka, duk da cewa sun gano tsibiran da ke kusa da su, ba su ga Antarctica da kanta ba. An yi imanin cewa tana kusa da  daga kasar.

A ranar 27 ga watan Janairun 1820, wani balaguron Rasha da Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen da Mikhail Lazarev suka jagoranta ya gano wani rumbun kankara a gabar tekun Gimbiya Martha wanda daga baya aka san shi da Fimbul Ice Shelf. Bellingshausen da Lazarev sun zama masu bincike na farko da suka gani da kuma gano ƙasar nahiyar Antarctica a hukumance. Bayan kwana uku, a ranar 30 ga watan Janairun 1820, wani balaguron  Biritaniya wanda ɗan Irishman Edward Bransfield ya jagoranta ya hango Triniti Peninsula, kuma bayan watanni goma wani ɗan ƙasar Amurka Nathaniel Palmer ya hango Antarctica a ranar 17 ga watan Nuwamba 1820. Saukowar farko ta kasance fiye da shekara guda bayan haka lokacin da Kyaftin Ba'amurke John Davis sealer, ya sa ƙafar kan kankara.

Balaguro da yawa sun yi ƙoƙarin isa Pole ta Kudu a farkon karni na 20, a lokacin "Jarumin Zamanin Binciken Antarctic". Da yawa sun yi sanadin rauni da mutuwa. A ƙarshe Roald Amundsen na Norwegian ya isa Pole a ranar 14 ga watan Disamba 1911, bayan tseren ban mamaki tare da ɗan Burtaniya Robert Falcon Scott.
## Manazarta
Bulus Manzo

**Bulus** (wanda ake kira **Shawulu na Tarsus** ;   AD), wanda aka fi sani da **Bulus Manzo**  ko kuma **Saint Paul**,  manzo ne na  Kirista wanda ya yada koyarwar Yesu a duniyar ƙarni na farko .  Gabaɗaya ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mahimman mutane a tarihin Apostolika,   ya kafa al'ummomin Kirista da yawa a wasu yankunan Asiya da Turai daga tsakiyar shekarun 40 zuwa tsakiyar 50 AD. 

Dangane da littafin Sabon Alkawari Ayyukan Manzanni, Bulus ya rayu a matsayin Bafarisiye.  Ya bada gudummawa wajen musguna wa almajiran Yesu na farko, mai yiyuwa Yahudawa ƴan ƙasashen waje na Helenawa sun tuba zuwa Kiristanci,  a yankin Urushalima, kafin tubarsa . [note 1] Wani lokaci bayan amincewa da kisan Istafanus,  Bulus yana tafiya a kan hanyar zuwa Dimashƙu domin ya sami Kiristoci a wurin kuma ya kai su “daure zuwa Urushalima” (ESV).  Da tsakar rana, wani haske da ya fi rana haskaka kewaye da shi da waɗanda suke tare da shi, ya sa dukansu suka faɗi ƙasa, a yayin da Kristi ya yi magana da Bulus game da tsananta masa.   Sai aka  makantar da shi,  sannan aka umarce shi ya shiga birni, sai bayan kwana uku Hananiya na Dimashƙu ya dawo masa da ganinsa. Bayan waɗannan abubuwan, Bulus ya yi baftisma, ya fara shelar nan da nan cewa Yesu Banazare shi ne Almasihu Bayahude kuma Ɗan Allah.  Kusan rabin abin da ke cikin littafin Ayyukan Manzanni ya ba da cikakken bayani game da rayuwa da ayyukan Bulus.

Sha huɗu daga cikin littattafai 27 na Sabon Alkawari bisa ga al'ada an jingina su ne ga Bulus.  Bakwai daga cikin wasiƙun Pauline ba su da gardama daga malamai a matsayin ingantattu, tare da mahawara daban-daban game da saura. Ba a tabbatar da marubucin Pauline na Wasiƙar zuwa ga Ibraniyawa ba a cikin Wasiƙar kanta kuma an fara shakku akansu tun daga a ƙarni na 2 da na 3.  Kusan babu shakka an yarda dashi daga ƙarni na 5 zuwa na 16 cewa Bulus mawallafin Ibraniyawa ne,  amma masana sunyi watsi da wannan ra'yi y.   Sauran shidan wasu masana sun gaskata cewa sun fito ne daga mabiyan da ke rubuce-rubuce da sunansa, ta yin amfani da abu daga wasiƙu da wasiƙun Bulus da ya tsira da ya rubuta waɗanda ba su tsira ba.    Wasu malaman suna jayayya cewa ra'ayin marubucin da ba a sani ba don wasiƙun da aka yi jayayya ya haifar da matsaloli masu yawa. 

A yau, saƙonnin Bulus sun ci gaba da zama tushen tauhidi, ibada da rayuwar makiyaya a cikin al'adun Latin da Furotesta na Yamma, da kuma al'adun Katolika na Gabas da Orthodox na Gabas .  An siffanta tasirin Bulus a kan tunanin Kirista da ayyukansa a matsayin “mai zurfi kamar yadda yake yaɗuwa”, daga cikin na sauran manzanni da mishaneri da yawa waɗanda ke da hannu wajen yada bangaskiyar Kirista. 

## Manazarta
Takieta

**Takiéta,** gari ne, da ke kudu maso tsakiyar Nijar, a Sashen Mirriah, a yankin Zinder . yana kan titin Nationale 1 (Niger), babban titin gabas zuwa yamma, kusan rabin hanya tsakanin Zinder da Tessaoua.
 

## Manazarta
Kamal Aboki

**Kamal Aboki** (1 ga watan  Janairu, shekararv1997 - 16 ga Janairu، 2023) ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya kuma mai yin wasan kwaikwayo, Ya yi aiki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Hausa da yawa.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Aboki a Kawo na Karamar Hukumar Nassarawa ta Kano .  lokacin mutuwarsa, yana da mabiya 96.3K a Instagram kuma ya buga sau 665.

ila yau, yana da tashar YouTube ta kansa tare da masu biyan kuɗi 139K.

## Mutuwa
Kamal Aboki ya mutu a hatsarin mota mai ƙirar bas a ranar 16 ga Janairu, 2023.

## Manazarta
Mutanen Georgia

**Mutanen Georgia** (ქართველები) wata ƙabila ce da ke Georgia.

## Manazarta
*W.E.D. Allen (1970) Russian Embassies to the Georgian Kings, 1589–1605, Hakluyt Society,  (hbk)
*Eastmond, Anthony (2010), Royal Imagery in Medieval Georgia, Penn State Press
*Ronald Grigor Suny (1994), The Making of the Georgian Nation, Indiana University Press, 
*David Marshall Lang (1966), The Georgians, Thames & Hudson
*Donald Rayfield (2013), Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia, Reaktion Books, 
*Rapp, S. H. Jr. (2016) The Sasanian World Through Georgian Eyes, Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature, Sam Houston State University, USA, Routledge
*Cyril Toumanoff (1963) Studies in Christian Caucasian History, Georgetown University Press
Hari a Ofishin Yaɗa Labarai na Jihar Enugu, 2014

An **kai harin ne a ranar 5 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2014 a jihar Enugu**, inda kimanin ƴan kungiyar fafutukar kafa ƙasar Biafra Biafra Zionist Federation, su 13 suka kai wa ofishin yaɗa labarai na jihar Enugu (ESBS) hari a ƙoƙarin da suke na sanar da jama’a a gidajen rediyo da talbijin na ayyana ƴanncin kai na ƙasar Biafra. 

## Wai-wa-ye
Tun bayan rashin nasarar Biafra a ƙarshen yakin basasar Najeriya, ana ta samun tarzoma a wasu lokuta a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya. Ƙungiyar fafutukar neman kafa ƙasar Biafra (BZF) da kungiyar fafutukar tabbatar da kafa kasar Biafra (MASSOB) sun kasance mafi farin jini a yankin.

## Martani
Wasu jami’an ESBS ne suka sanar da rundunar ƴan sandan Najeriya cikin gaggawa a isar ‘yan bindigar. Nan take NPF ta mayar da martani inda ta kashe wani dan ƙungiyar tare da kame sauran a wani harbe-harbe da aka shafe sa’oi da dama ana yi. Shugaban tawagar sojojin Najeriya ya samu rauni sosai a lokacin da lamarin ya faru.

## Duba kuma

* Hari a gidan gwamnatin Enugu, 2014

## Manazarta
Hari a gidan gwamnatin Enugu, 2014

An **kai harin gidan gwamnatin Enugu na shekarar 2014** ne a ranar 8 ga watan Maris din shekarar 2014, lokacin da ƴan ƙungiyar fafutukar kafa ƙasar *[[Biafra Zionist Movement|Biafra Zionist Federation]]*  suka mamaye gidan gwamnatin na tsawon sa’o’i 4, suka kafa tutar ƙasar Biafra a kofar gidan. Shugaban ƙungiyar Barista Benjamin Onwuka ya bai wa ƴan Najeriya mazauna yankin Biafra wa’adin barin ƙasar kafin ranar 31 ga watan Maris, 2014 ko kuma su fuskanci zubar da jinin da zai biyo baya. 

Da farko dai an ruwaito cewa wata ƙungiyar fafutukar kafa ƙasar Biafra ta MASSOB ce ta kai harin, amma daga baya an yi watsi da wannan bayanin bayan da BZF ta ɗauki alhakin kai harin. Rundunar ƴan sandan najeriya ta kama Benjamin Onwuka bayan yunƙurin kai makamancin wannan hari a gidan rediyon jihar Enugu.

## Duba sauran wasu abubuwan

* Hari a Ofishin Yaɗa Labarai na Jihar Enugu, 2014

## Manazarta
Masarautar Ringim

**Masarautar Ringim** majalisar masarauta ce a jihar Jigawa Najeriya, hedikwatarta tana cikin garin Ringim, An kafa Masarautar Ringim ne a watan Nuwamba 1991 sakamakon kafuwar Jihar Jigawa a ranar 27 ga Agusta, 1991. Sarkin Ringim shine Sayyadi Abubakar Mahmoud Usman tun kafuwar masarautar har zuwa yanzu. Ƙananan hukumomin da ke ƙarƙashin masarautar sun haɗa da Ringim, Taura, Garki da Babura.

## Nassoshi
Daular Sipaniya

**Daular Sipaniya** (Spanish:), wanda kuma akafi sani da **Masarautar Hispaniya** (Spanish:) ko **Masarautar Katolika** (Spanish:)    daular mulkin mallaka ce da kasar Spain da jihohin da suka gabace ta ke mulki a tsakanin 1492 da 1976.   Ɗaya daga cikin dauloli mafi girma a tarihi, ta kasance, tare da haɗin gwiwar daular Portuguese, na farko da acikin kasashen Turai da suka cimma ma'auni na duniya,  suna mulkar sassa masu da dama a Amurka, Afirka, tsibirai daban-daban a Asiya da kuma Oceania, da kuma yankunan sassan Turai. Ta kasance daya daga cikin daulolin da suka fi karfi a farkon zamani, ta zama daula ta farko da aka fi sani da "*the empire on which the sun never sets*" wato daular da rana ba ta fadi.  Daular ta kai kolouwar ikonta a karni na 18.

Wani muhimmin abu a cikin samuwar daular Sipaniya ita ce haɗin kai tsakanin **Isabella I** na **Castile da Ferdinand II** **na Aragon** a shekarar 1469, wanda akafi sani da Sarakunan Katolika, wanda ya ƙaddamar da haɗin kai na siyasa, addini da zamantakewa amma ba haɗin kai na siyasa ba.  Castile (wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1230 daga Masarautar Leon da Masarautar Asturia) ta zama babbar masarauta a Iberia saboda ikon ta akan daular ketare a Amurka.  An ƙara bayyana tsarin daular a ƙarƙashin Sipaniya ta Habsburgs  (1516-1700), kuma a ƙarƙashin sarakunan Bourbon na Sipaniya, daular ta ƙara ƙarfin iko kuma ta ƙara yawan kudaden shiga daga Indis.   

A farkon al'amari, Portugal ita ce kadai babbar barazana ga mulkin Sipaniya a wannan Sabuwar Duniya. Don kawo ƙarshen barazanar ta faɗaɗa Portuguese, Sipaniya ta kai hari ga maƙwabtanta na Iberian a cikin shekarar 1580, ta ci nasara akan sojojin Fotugal, Faransa, da Ingila. Bayan nasarar da Mutanen Espanya suka samu a Yaƙin Mulkin Fotigal, Philip II na Sipaniya ya mallake sarautar kasar Fotugal a 1581, kuma Fotugal da yankunanta na ketare sun zo ƙarƙashin mulkinsa tare da ƙungiyar Iberian Union, wanda masana tarihi da yawa suka dauka a matsayin mallakar  Espaniya.  Phillip ya mutunta ka'idoji da dama na yankunan Iberian kuma, tare da sauran majalissar dokoki, sun kafa Majalisar Portugal, wadda ta kula da Fotugal da daularta da kuma "kyautata dokokinta, cibiyoyinta, da tsarin kuɗi, da sun haɗe kai kawai don mulkin adalci."  A  1640, yayin da Sipaniya ke yaƙi a Kataloniya, Italiya, Jamus, da Netherlands, Portugal ta yi tawaye tare da sake kafa 'yancin kai a ƙarƙashin gidan Braganza.  Masarautar Iberian sun koma zuwa asalinsu na kasashe, tare da gudanarwa da tsarin shari'a na asali. Ko da yake ikon mulkin Sipaniya a matsayin sarki ya bambanta daga wannan yanki zuwa wancan, sarkin ya yi haka ne ta hanyar haɗin kai  a kan dukkan yankunan masarautun ta hanyar tsarin majalisa: haɗin kai ba ya nufin an zama daya ba. 

Har ila yau, daular Sipaniya ta haɗa har da yankunan Turai, yayinda Netherlands ta Sipaniya ta kasance mafi arziki. Bayan Yaƙin Italiya da Faransa, wanda ya ƙare a shekarar 1559, Sipaniya ta sami iko akan rabin kasar Italiya (Masarautar Naples, Sicily, Sardinia, Duchy na Milan) tare da yarjejeniyar Cateau-Cambresis. Waɗannan yankuna sun kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin  Espaniya har zuwa Yakin mallakar mulkin Spaniya.

## Manazarta
Hari a Ma'aikatar DSS, Abuja

**Hari a Abuja** dai, wani harin ta'addanci ne da ƙungiyar Boko Haram ta hada kai ta kai a ma'aikatar tsaron kasar ta Abuja a ranar 31 ga watan Maris, 2014 a ƙoƙarin su na tserewa daga inda ake tsare dasu. Hakan ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar maharan 21 da suka yi yunƙurin tserewa inda jami'an tsaro 2 suka samu munanan raunuka. 

## Lamarin
Lamarin ya faru ne a ranar Lahadi 31 ga Maris, 2014 da safe, lokacin da ɗaya daga cikin Jami'in tsaro na ma'aikatar ake zargin ya je gidan yarin don yin karin kumallo. A ƙoƙarinsa na komawa ofishin sa, ɗaya daga cikin ƴan ta’addan ne ya kwace masa makami, inda ya buge shi a kai duk da hannunsa a ɗaure yake-(hannun akwai ankwa) a ƙoƙarinsa na tserewa. Wannan lamari ya jawo hankalin masu gadin da ke ɗauke da makamai da suka yi harbi a sama, don dakatar da su. Wannan yunƙuri ya ci tura har sai da jami'an soji suka shigo domin murƙushe tashe tashen hankula. Fursunoni 21 ne sojoji suka kashe sannan wasu jami’an gwamnati biyu sun samu munanan raunuka.

## Martani
Bayan harin, an yi ta cece-kuce kan mutuwar fursunonin 21 da suka mutu a yayin harin, saboda wataƙila sojojin da suka yi musu lakabi/suna da ƴan Boko Haram sun kashe wasu fursunonin da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba. Wannan zato ya samo asali ne daga wasu wallafe-wallafen jaridar *New York Times* na rahoton ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam ta duniya, wanda ta yi zargin cewa an kashe mutane kusan 600 ba tare da suna riƙe da makami ba, a lokacin da aka sake kama waɗanda suka tsere a baya lokacin da ƴan ƙungiyar Boko Haram suka kai hari a barikin sojoji na Giwa a Maiduguri. Rahoton na Amnesty International ya samo asali ne daga wani shaidar gani da ido na kisan da sojojin Najeriya suka yi wa fursunonin da ƴan ƙungiyar mayaƙan Boko Haram suka sako waɗanda ba su ji ba ba su gani ba a *harin da suka kai barikin sojin na Giwa*. Wani ganau ya ce: “Tsoffin wadanda ake tsare da su suna cikin aji. Sai suka fara kururuwa 'mu ba Boko Haram ba ne. Mu tsararru ne!' Ni da makwabta mun ga sojoji sun kwashe mutanen zuwa wani wuri da ake kira (‘no man's land,’ ) a bayan jami’ar Maiduguri. Mun kalli yadda sojoji suka buɗe wuta inda suka kashe mutane 56. An kashe su a gabanmu. Dukkansu", in ji jaridar *New York Times*.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin fasa gidajen yari a Najeriya
* Fasa Gidan Yari a Najeriya

## Manazarta