Anil Kumar

**Anil Kumar** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1958) tsohon babban abokin tarayya ne na Indiya kuma darekta a kamfanin ba da shawara kan harkokin gudanarwa na McKinsey &amp;amp; Company, inda ya kafa ofisoshin McKinsey a Silicon Valley da Indiya tare da ƙirƙirar ayyukanta na Intanet (wanda ke wakiltar kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na kasuwancin McKinsey a lokacin) da sauransu. Kumar kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Indiya tare da Rajat Gupta kuma ya ƙirƙiri nau'ikan ayyukan waje guda biyu daban-daban. Ya kammala karatunsa daga IIT Bombay a Indiya, Kwalejin Imperial a Burtaniya, da Makarantar Wharton a Amurka.

A shekara ta 2010, ya amsa laifin yin ciniki a cikin wani mummunan yanayi na "zuriyarsa daga kololuwar duniyar kasuwanci."  Shi ne mutum na farko da ya yi haɗin gwiwa da gwamnati kuma mafi muhimmanci shaida "a cikin manyan shari'o'i biyu na zamba a cikin tarihi"  a kan abokai na kud da kud da abokan hulɗa na kasuwanci Raj Rajaratnam, attajirin da ya kafa Galleon Group Family of hedge funds, da Rajat Gupta, tsohon shugaban McKinsey and Company kuma memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Goldman Sachs da Procter and Gamble . An yanke wa Rajaratnam da Gupta hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru biyu a wasu manyan shari'o'i. Alkali Denny Chin ya yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru biyu a gidan yari a 2012 don ya bayar da shaida a kan Rajaratnam da Gupta.  Chin ya bayyana cewa "ba kwadayi ne dalilin shari'ar [Kumar] ba" kuma "wannan ba shi da tushe ba ne ... Mr. Kumar ya yi rayuwa mai bin doka da inganci."  Masu gabatar da kara na tarayya sun kira Kumar "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun kuma mafi mahimmancin shaidu masu haɗin gwiwa" da suka taɓa yin aiki da su. 

A shekarar 2015, wani bincike ya lura cewa Mista Kumar ya karɓi kuɗi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba daga hannun masu siyar da asusun ajiyar kuɗi na ƙasashen waje da sunan ma'aikacin gidansa, Manju Das.   Binciken ya yi zargin cewa Das ba shi da masaniya game da waɗannan asusun, waɗanda aka ƙirƙira da takardun shaida da Mista Kumar ya yi ƙarya; kuma Mista Kumar ya biya Ms. Das ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin albashi na tsawon shekaru da yawa wanda ya saɓa wa dokar Amurka. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Kumar ya kammala karatunsa na farko a ajinsa daga Makarantar The Doon, makarantar sakandare a Indiya, kuma ya kasance cikin manyan ɗalibai 100 a faɗin Indiya don shiga kwalejojin Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya masu gasa.  Ya kammala karatunsa na uku a ajinsa daga IIT Bombay da digiri a injiniyan injiniya, inda ya rubuta takardar digiri kan makamashi mai sabuntawa . Kumar ya halarci Kwalejin Imperial a Jami'ar London kan "daidai da tallafin karatu na Rhodes" wanda Kamfanin De Beers na Cecil Rhodes ya dauki nauyinsa.  Ya zama ɗalibi na farko da ya kammala kwas na Imperial na shekaru biyu a fannin makanikan da aka yi amfani da su cikin watanni 10, kuma ya kammala karatunsa na farko a ajinsa. Kumar ya halarci makarantar kasuwanci a Makarantar Wharton da ke Jami'ar Pennsylvania tare da digirin da aka tsara kansa kan gudanar da fasaha da harkokin kasuwanci na ƙasashen duniya. 

## Sana'a
Kumar "tauraron babban abokin tarayya ne,"  kuma "ɗaya daga cikin manyan ma'aikata [kuma] taurari masu haske."  Ya kafa ofisoshin McKinsey a Silicon Valley da Indiya tare kuma ya ƙirƙiri kuma ya jagoranci kasuwancin kamfanin a fannoni uku daban-daban na kamfanonin Intanet (wanda ke wakiltar kashi 25-30% na kuɗaɗen shiga na McKinsey a duk duniya a lokacin da ya fi kololuwa),  wajen samar da kayayyaki, da kuma haɗin gwiwa tsakanin kamfanoni. Shi ne mai kula da tsohon babban jami'in gudanarwa Rajat Gupta, kodayake an zarge shi da rugujewar shirye-shiryen kasuwancin e-commerce na McKinsey bayan rugujewar dot-com kuma bai taɓa tsayawa takara a zaɓen don babban abokin tarayya (babban jami'i) ba.   Gupta da Kumar suma sun kafa Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Indiya a Hyderabad, Indiya .

### McKinsey da Kamfani
Kumar ya fara aikinsa a Hewlett Packard a matsayin manajan kayayyaki kafin ya koma McKinsey and Company a shekarar 1986 a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin 'yan asalin Amurka a kamfanin ba da shawara. A shekarar 1988 ya kafa ofisoshin McKinsey a Silicon Valley tare da abokin tarayya, inda ya haɓaka ofishin "daga mutane biyu zuwa kimanin 35" a shekarar 1992.  A shekarar 1993 a matsayin abokin tarayya ya kafa ofishin McKinsey a New Delhi, wanda tare da ofishin Mumbai suka kafa kamfanin ba da shawara a Indiya. A Indiya ya fara dabarun samar da ilimi da kuma samar da harkokin kasuwanci  kuma ya zama shugaban babban darakta (babban jami'i) Rajat Gupta a wancan lokacin.   Kumar ya koma Amurka don gano da kuma jagorantar ayyukan McKinsey a Intanet a lokacin da ake amfani da dot-com. "A ƙarƙashin jagorancin [Kumar], tsarin kasuwancin e-commerce na McKinsey ya girma ya wakilci cikakken kashi 25-30% na kuɗin shiga na kamfanin," in ji takardun kotu, kodayake an zargi Kumar da laifin wargaza wannan kasuwancin a cikin rugujewar dot-com da ya biyo baya.  Shi da Gupta sun ƙirƙiri wani shiri na ɗan lokaci don ba wa kamfanin damar karɓar hannun jari maimakon kuɗin ba da shawara.   Kumar shi ne Shugaban Cibiyar Ilimi kuma Shugaban Cibiyar Asiya.   Darakta ne kuma jami'in kamfani na kamfanin. Ya zauna kuma ya yi aiki daga ofisoshi da yawa a New Delhi, New York, da Silicon Valley, yana tafiya sama da mil dubu talatin a wata.  

Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Hulɗa da Ƙasashen Waje da Ƙungiyar Matasan Shugabannin Ƙasashe, memba na ƙungiyar da ta kafa TiE, kuma shi ne shugaban ƙungiyar kasuwanci mafi girma a Indiya, wato Ƙungiyar Masana'antu ta Indiya .  

Sukar da ake yi wa Kumar ta ta'allaka ne akan dangantakarsa ta kud da kud da Gupta da kuma fahimtar girman kai. A cewar *jaridar Financial Times ,* "su biyun sun yi aiki a matsayin wani mataki mai ƙarfi don tabbatar da kasuwanci ga McKinsey, samun damar shiga Washington da kuma gina 'yan'uwantaka tsakanin masu ba da gudummawa a kusa da ISB da ke Hyderabad da kuma wasu shirye-shiryen zamantakewa."  Haka kuma a cewar *jaridar Times*, "duk da cewa ana yaba wa Mr Kumar saboda iyawarsa ta kasuwanci da kaifin basirarsa, shi ma ya jawo hankali kan abin da aka gani a matsayin girman kai." 

## Binciken Galleon
Kumar ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin rashin mutunci a wajen McKinsey har zuwa lokacin da aka kama shi a watan Oktoban 2009 tare da wani bincike da gwamnatin Amurka ke gudanarwa kan harkokin kasuwanci na cikin gida .  Daga baya FBI ta kama tsohon mai ba shi shawara Rajat Gupta a wata shari'a mai kama da haka,  wanda ya haifar da bincike kan manyan shugabannin McKinsey da tsarin kasuwancinsa.  

Tun daga watan Disamba na 2009, Kumar bai sake kasancewa a wurin ba da shawara ba.  A watan Janairun 2010 ya amsa laifinsa na cinikin sirri  kuma shi ne "fitaccen shaida na gwamnati" a watan Maris na 2011 a kan abokin attajirin kuma wanda ya kafa Galleon Group Raj Rajaratnam ( *Amurka da Rajaratnam* ).   A cikin wannan shari'ar, shigarsa ba ta da wani sabon abu; a cewar wani shafin yanar gizo *na Reuters*, "Shi kaɗai ne mai ba da labari wanda za a iya ɗauka ya fi Raj nasara, aƙalla a fannin kuɗi idan ba a batun kuɗi ba. Raj yana da kuɗi, kuɗi fiye da yadda ya san abin da zai yi da shi, amma Kumar yana da karɓuwa da daraja a cikin al'umma."  Ya amince da SEC a watan Mayu na 2010 kan dala miliyan 2.8, adadin bayan ribar da ya samu daga Rajaratnam ta asusun bankin Switzerland da sunan ma'aikacin gida.  Gupta, Rajaratnam, da Kumar dukkansu abokai ne na kud da kud kuma sun kafa kamfanin hannun jari mai zaman kansa na dala biliyan 1.3 New Silk Route tare, kodayake Rajaratnam da Kumar sun janye kafin kamfanin ya fara aiki. 

Marigayi Robert Morvillo ne ya wakilci Kumar,  wanda a baya ya jagoranci kare hamshakin attajiri Martha Stewart a shari'ar cinikinta ta sirri .  

Ya sake bayar da shaida a matsayin "babban shaida na Gwamnati" a shari'ar laifukan da aka yi wa tsohon mai ba da shawara Rajat Gupta a watan Mayun 2012 ( *Amurka da Gupta* ), inda ya bayyana dangantakar da ke tsakanin Gupta, Rajaratnam da kansa.   Yin hakan ya yi wuya, a cewar masu gabatar da kara na tarayya, "saboda [Kumar] ya san cewa zai iya zama wani ɓangare na alhakin taimakawa wajen yanke hukunci ga wani wanda shi da iyalinsa ke da dangantaka mai zurfi da ɗorewa."  *Bloomberg* ya yi tsokaci, "Lokacin da babban ɗan kasuwa Rajat Gupta da ɗan uwansa, Anil Kumar, suka yi aiki tare don faɗaɗa kamfanin ba da shawara kan harkokin gudanarwa McKinsey & Co a shekarun 1990, ranar da aka yi a kotu shekaru bayan haka ba ta cikin shirin ba." 

An yanke wa Rajaratnam da Gupta hukunci a wasu manyan shari'o'i daban-daban.

Masu lura da harkokin watsa labarai na duniya, kasuwanci, da harkokin kuɗi sun yi nazari sosai kan ayyukan Kumar wajen taimaka wa Rajaratnam.     Har yanzu akwai rashin jituwa tsakanin ra'ayoyi kan ainihin abubuwan da ke motsa kuɗi, girmamawa, da dangantaka, inda *jaridar New York Times* ta yi tambaya, "Me yasa mutanen da suke da komai - arziki, daraja, ayyuka masu ƙarfi da kuma damar shiga wasu da irin wannan - za su yi haɗarin cewa, da ƙari, su samar da bayanai na ciki ga hamshaƙin attajiri ɗan Sri Lanka?".  An kiyasta cewa kuɗin da Rajaratnam ke biya na shekara-shekara bai kai kashi 5% na kuɗin shiga na Kumar na shekara-shekara ba (kuma kashi 1-2% kawai ban da kari na lokaci ɗaya), wanda hakan ya ƙara tayar da tambayar dalili.  Masu gabatar da ƙara sun yi mamakin "me yasa wani mai ba da shawara mai hazaka, mai ƙwarewa, kuma babban abokin tarayya a babban kamfanin ba da shawara na duniya, wanda ya ba da gudummawa mai yawa don fara Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Indiya da sauran ƙungiyoyin agaji, zai ci amanar manyan dabi'un sana'arsa."  Wata majiyar kafofin watsa labarai ta yi tambaya game da rahoton yanke hukunci na Kumar.  Alkali Chin a ƙarshe zai yanke hukunci cewa "ba kwadayi ne dalilin shari'ar [Kumar] ba." 

Masu gabatar da kara na tarayya sun ce "Shaidar Kumar ba ta wuce barna ba. Kumar abin dogaro ne, daidai, kuma an tabbatar da shi sosai." [1] A watan Yulin 2012 Alkali Denny Chin ya yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru biyu na zaman wa'adi, wanda ya ƙare a watan Yulin 2014.

## Ilimi da ƙungiyoyin agaji
Kumar ya kafa Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Indiya tare da Gupta a shekarar 1997. [1] Takardun kotu sun nuna cewa da kansa ya tara kusan kashi 35% na duk kuɗin da aka bayar ga makarantar kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa ɗan ƙasa a matsayin wanda ya kafa ta: "babban ɓangare na hangen nesa na ilimi na ISB a zahiri na Anil ne, wani batu da ba mutane da yawa a wajen shugabancin ISB za su taɓa sani ba."

A birnin New Delhi, Kumar ya taimaka wa IIT Delhi wajen ninka ɗalibanta ba tare da ƙarin farashi ba, kuma ya kasance memba na kwamitin kafa Bharti Foundation .  A birnin San Jose, ya yi aiki a kwamitin kula da gidan adana kayan tarihi na yara da kuma wasan opera na San Jose Civic Light .

Ya zuwa shekarar 2012, yana aiki tare da Kwalejin Likitanci ta Baylor da Max Healthcare don fara jami'ar likitanci, asibitin koyarwa, da makarantar koyon aikin jinya a Indiya, sannan kuma tare da ƙungiyar Hero don fara kwalejin injiniya mai mutane 8000 a Indiya. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Kumar ya kasance mai ƙarancin suna a bainar jama'a, kuma a cewar masu gabatar da ƙara, "yana samun kuɗi mai yawa a McKinsey [kodayake] yana rayuwa cikin sauƙi, kadarorinsa sun zarce nasa bashin."  Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tsawon shekaru da yawa a New Delhi, New York, da Silicon Valley, yana tafiya sama da mil dubu talatin a wata don McKinsey. Yana da gidan Manhattan a Time Warner Center da kuma gida a Saratoga, California .  Yana da aure kuma yana da ɗa ɗaya. 

## Duba kuma

:* An yanke wa Chip Skowron, manajan fayil ɗin asusun hedge hukuncin daurin rai da rai kan cinikin sirri
:* An yanke wa Mathew Martoma, dillalin asusun hedge kuma manajan fayil ɗinsa hukuncin daurin rai da rai kan cinikin cikin gida.

## Manazarta