Anna Jaffé

**Anna Emilie Jaffé** ( née Anna Emilie Jaffé) Gluge ; kimanin 1845 - 5 Maris 1942) wani mai tattara zane-zane ne na Yahudawa 'yan ƙasar Belgium.

Ita 'yar likita ce a Brussels kuma farfesa Theophilus Gottlieb Gluge, wani Bayahude ɗan ƙasar Jamus wanda ya yi ƙaura zuwa Belgium a shekarun 1830 da matarsa Johanna Gluge. A tsakiyar ƙarni na 18, 'yan iyalin Gluge sun bar Jamus suka zauna a Arewacin Ireland. A can, Anna ta haɗu ta auri John Jaffé (1843-1934), wani mai fitar da lilin da leshi na Irish da ke Belfast a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 1873 a zauren birnin Brussels .  

Bayan mijinta ya yi ritaya daga aikin ƙwararru a Belfast, Ireland, Anna ta shawo kan mijinta ya zaɓi Nice don zama, duk da cewa ma'auratan sun mallaki gidaje a Monte Carlo da Neufchatel. A Nice, sun fara zama a wurin da aka fi sani da Villa Jaffé, wanda ke kan Promenade des Anglais inda za su zauna tsawon shekaru hamsin. Ma'auratan ba su taɓa haihuwa ba amma an rubuta rayuwarsu ta al'adu daga majiyoyi daban-daban. Anna ƙwararriyar mai tattara kayan fasaha ce kuma masanin tarihin fasaha na Jamus kuma mai kula da gidan tarihi Wilhelm von Bode ya yi tasiri a cikin siyayyarta.  Tare da babban arzikinsa da kuma kyakkyawar sha'awar Anna na siyan kayan fasaha, abubuwan da ke cikin gidan Jaffé sun yi karo da mallakar wani ƙaramin gidan tarihi. An san cewa tarin kayansu ya ƙunshi zane-zanen Old Masters, gami da ayyukan da Goya, Rembrandt, Constable, Francesco Guardi, Isaac van Ostade da JMW Turner suka ƙirƙira, waɗanda wasu daga cikinsu aka saya a Paris ta hannun dillalin Charles Sedelmeyer . Gidan ya haɗa da kayan daki masu kyau da kayan ado.  

Domin murnar cika shekaru da aurensu na Diamond, John da Anna sun sayi ɗakin karatu na Napoleon da Marie-Louise a shekarar 1933 don bayar da gudummawa ga Gidan Tarihi na Malmaison. Haka kuma, masu kula da Gidan Tarihi na Massée da ke Nice, Anna da mijinta a kai a kai suna ba da rancen zane-zane daga tarin kayansu zuwa nunin kayan tarihi, kamar a shekarar 1934, **Les Anglais dans le comté de Nice**, wani wasan kwaikwayo da aka keɓe ga fasahar Burtaniya wanda Jaffés suka ba da rancen zane-zane na Gainsborough, Constable, da Turner.

A ranar 3 ga Mayu, 1934, magajin garin Nice, Croix de Chevalier de la légion d'Honneur, ya ba John da Anna izinin zama magajin garin saboda gudummawar da suka bayar a al'adu.  Duk da cewa mijinta ya mutu daga baya a wannan shekarar yana da shekaru 91, Anna ta rayu har zuwa 1942, kuma ta shaida yadda gwamnatin Vichy ta yi wa Yahudawa kawanya. Duk da cewa da farko ta yi niyyar barin tarin kayanta ga cibiyoyin gwamnati daban-daban, yayin da duk hulɗar Yahudawa a waɗannan cibiyoyin ta ɓace a hankali, ta yanke shawarar canza wasiyyarta ta kuma bar komai ga 'yan'uwanta mata da 'yan'uwanta mata. Ba ta san cewa rayuwar 'yan'uwanta mata da 'yan'uwanta mata na fuskantar barazana ba a lokacin da ta mutu.

A watan Yulin 1943, gwamnatin Vichy ta kwace gidan Jaffé da dukkan zane-zanen Jaffé, jimilla zane-zane sama da 60. An sayar da da yawa a ƙarƙashin umarnin Kwamishinan Tambayoyin Yahudawa na Ƙasar Faransa (Commissariat aux questions juives de l'Etat Français) a babban zauren Hotel ɗin Savoy da ke Nice a ranakun 12 da 13 ga Yuli, 1943.

Duk da cewa wani ɗan'uwanta ya yi tambayoyi da yawa bayan yaƙin, kakan ɗan'uwanta Alain Monteagle ne daga ƙarshe ya sami nasarar dawo da wasu daga cikin kadarorin iyalin ta hanyar zaɓar mai da hankali kan zane-zane 200 da aka rubuta da kyau da aka sayar a gwanjon, waɗanda Anna ta saya galibi tare da tattaunawa da Bode.  A cikin kusan shekaru tamanin tun lokacin da aka sace zane-zanenta, an mayar da zane-zane goma sha ɗaya ga sauran magada Jaffé. 

## Ayyukan da aka mayar

Fayil:Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner_-_Glaucus_and_Scylla_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|alt=Glaucus and Scylla, by J. M. W. Turner| *Glaucus da Scylla*, na JMW Turner
Fayil:Manuel_García_de_la_Prada_por_Goya.jpg|alt=Manuel García de la Prada by Goya| *Manuel García de la Prada* na Goya
Fayil:Francesco_Guardi_-_The_Grand_Canal_in_Venice_with_Palazzo_Bembo_-_2005.41_-_J._Paul_Getty_Museum.jpg|alt=The Grand Canal in Venice with Palazzo Bembo, by Francesco Guardi| *Babban Canal a Venice tare da Palazzo Bembo*, na Francesco Guardi


## Manazarta