Binciken muhalli

**Binciken muhalli** lakabi ne na sana'a a cikin fa'idar binciken, wanda aka fi sani da masu yin aikin a matsayin masu binciken muhalli. Masu binciken muhalli suna amfani da dabarun binciken don fahimtar tasirin abubuwan da ke tattare da muhalli kan gidaje dun cigaban gine-gine, da kuma tasirin da cigaban gidaje da gine-gine da za su yi a kan muhalli.

## Ayyukan sana'a
Haƙiƙanin ayyukan da suka haɗa aikin yau da kullun na mai binciken muhalli ya bambanta daga mai binciken zuwa mai binciken da kuma daga aiki zuwa aiki. Kuma masu binciken muhalli guda biyu na iya samun sana'o'i waɗanda suka ƙunshi ayyuka na ƙwararru daban-daban dangane da yankinsu da ayyukansu na ƙwarewa.

A cikin ma'ana mafi mahimmanci, fannin binciken muhalli ya bambanta da na shawarwarin muhalli . Sannan Kuma Masu ba da shawara kan muhalli na iya samun ɗan ci gaba tare da aikin masu binciken muhalli, amma ƙila su zama memba na ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru daban-daban kuma suna iya aiwatar da ayyukan da ba su shafi muhallin da aka gina ba. Suna iya alal misali suna da hannu tare da arboriculture ƙayyadaddun abin da ke faɗuwa daga aikin masu binciken muhalli. Ko da yake ana amfani da sharuɗɗan a wasu lokuta musanya, kuma ayyuka sukan yi amfani da kalmar masu ba da shawara idan aikin yana neman babban tushe na abokin ciniki fiye da yadda za a jawo hankalin zuwa tsantsar aikin Sayen muhalli.

## Babban wuraren aiki
Manyan wuraren aiki na masu binciken muhalli a Burtaniya sun haɗa da:

Kimar haɗarin ambaliya - Wannan shine don tantance yadda yuwuwar gini ko ginin da aka tsara zai yi ambaliya. Kuma Idan ana tunanin ginin yana cikin haɗari zai sami sunan ko dai Band 1 (200: 1 damar ambaliya a cikin shekara) Band 2 (tsakanin 200: 1 da 75: 1 damar ambaliya kowace shekara) ko Band 3 (mafi girma) fiye da damar 75:1 na ambaliya a kowace shekara, a halin yanzu ana tunanin zai kai kusan kashi 4% na kadarorin haɗarin ambaliya a Burtaniya).

• Ƙimar gurɓataccen ƙasa - Ana gudanar da binciken gurɓataccen ƙasa don tantance matakin barazanar da ke tattare da gine-ginen da ake da su. Ana iya gurɓatar ƙasa idan tana kan ko kusa da wurin da ake amfani da shi a halin yanzu ko a baya don dalilai na masana'antu ko zubar da shara. Irin waɗannan binciken sun kasance wani ɓangare na ƙwazo wanda dole ne a yi kafin a fara gini ko gyara wani kadara ta ƙasa. Sannan Kuma Duka lokacin da kuma bayan gini, binciken gurɓataccen ƙasa zai iya zama muhimmiyar mahimmanci wajen sanar da dabarun sarrafa haɗari.

• Binciken muhalli - Bayar da taƙaitaccen bayani game da haɗarin muhalli da aka gabatar ga ci gaban ƙasa na yanzu ko da aka tsara. Kuma Binciken na iya taimakawa samun hoto na: ko dukiyar da ake magana a kai ta lalace ta hanyar lalata ko a'a, ko kayan na iya zama mai saurin kamuwa da iskar gas, kusancin wuraren zubar da sharar lasisin gwamnati da kuma tantance raunin albarkatun ruwa na kadarorin. zuwa gurbacewa.

Kima hadarin gobara - Duk wuraren aiki a Burtaniya dole ne su sami kimar haɗarin gobara. Kuma An tsara tantancewar ne domin sanin abin da zai iya tayar da gobara, da yadda za a iya tunkarar gobarar da kuma tabbatar da cewa ma’aikatan za su samu isassun gargadi game da gobara, da fita daga ginin da kuma wurin da za a taru daga baya.

• Binciken Asbestos- Saboda asbestos abu ne mai hatsarin gaske ga lafiyar ɗan adam, ana sarrafa amfani da shi sosai. Kasashe 52 a duniya yanzu sun haramta wannan abu. Abun da Tarayyar Turai ta haramta, ban da amfani da shi a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun aikace-aikacen masana'antu. Saboda yawan amfani da shi a cikin masana'antar gine-gine kafin a hana, yawancin gine-ginen da ake da su sun ƙunshi asbestos da wuraren da gine-ginen ya kasance a baya sun kasance sun gurɓata da shi. Kuma A saboda wannan dalili gine-gine na iya buƙatar binciken asbestos don sanin matakin amfani da abun da kuma matakin gurɓata wurin da wannan ya haifar.

## Dabaru
Masu Binciken Muhalli suna amfani da dabaru iri-iri don tantance yanayin muhallin yanki da tattara rahotanninsu.

Ana zana bayanan tarihi daga taswirori da tsofaffin bayanan binciken don tabbatar da ainihin iyakokin dukiya, kuma ana amfani da su don ganin ko an sami wani gurɓatawar tarihi ko zubar da shara a wurin.

• Samfuran Ruwa yana ba masu Binciken Muhalli damar samun hoto na ingancin da matakan gurɓata ruwa a wuraren ruwa na gida.

• Hakazalika da Samfuran Ruwa, ana iya amfani da Samfuran Duniya don tantance matakin gurɓataccen ƙasa a cikin ƙasa.

• Ana iya amfani da bayanan geometric don kafa wuraren da mai yuwuwa za su iya ambaliya ko lura da yaduwar gurɓataccen abu.

• Tsarin bayanan ƙasa (GISs) na iya ketare bayanan taswira tare da bayanan ƙididdiga. Sannan kuma Idan mai Binciken Muhalli yana tattara rahoton ambaliyar ruwa don gini kuma yana so ya kafa rashin daidaiton ambaliyar kadarorin a kowace shekara to za su iya ketare wurin wurin da dukiya tare da bayanan kididdiga na tarihi da aka samu kan ambaliya a yankin.

Ana iya amfani da Duban Kayayyakin gani idan misali mai binciken yana so ya tabbatar da matakin gurɓacewar asbestos ga wani kadara. Kuma Ana iya haɓaka wannan ta ko gabatar da ita dangane da tarin

## Ma'aikatan da aka tsara
A cikin ƙasar Burtaniya da ma a cikin sauran ƙasashe da yawa a duniya, ana kallon karramawar da Cibiyar Kula da Masu Sa ido ta Sarauta (RICS) ta yi a matsayin bayar da babban ma'auni na ƙwararru, da kuma ba da garantin inganci a cikin ayyukan masu binciken membobinta. Masu Binciken Muhalli sun kafa ƙungiyar ƙwararru guda ɗaya a cikin RICS kuma an jera su a cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙasarsu. Kuma Don cimma matsayin mai binciken muhalli mai hayar, dole ne dan takarar ya wuce tantance cancantar kwararru (APC). Wannan ya ƙunshi kammala aikin aikin da aka tsara da kuma samar da rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubuce a matsayin shaida na ayyukan da aka yi a lokacin wannan aikin aikin. Sannan A karshe dole ne dan takarar ya ci jarrabawar baka na tsawon awa daya. Ana buƙatar duk masu binciken ba tare da la'akari da filin su ba don nuna ƙwarewar RICS ƙwararrun ƙwarewa, sannan su ci gaba don nuna ilimin ƙwarewa a cikin takamaiman filayen su. Ƙwarewar musamman ga binciken muhalli sun haɗa da:

•dorewa 

•gurɓataccen ƙasa

•kimanta muhalli 

•nazarin muhalli 

•hanyoyin dakin gwaje-gwaje 

•sarrafa yanayin yanayi da shimfidar wuri.

A wajen Burtaniya, wasu ƙungiyoyin ƙwararrun na iya bayar da daidaitattun ƙididdiga don nuna ƙwararrun masu binciken muhalli.

## Manazarta

* http://www.environmental-surveyors.com/
* http://www.dunsinsurveyors.co.uk/
* http://www.kernon.co.uk/
* http://www.rics.org/
* https://web.archive.org/web/20100415133429/http://www.geomatics-group.co.uk/GeoCMS/Homepage.aspx
* http://www.envirosurvey.co.uk/

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* http://www.rics.org/uk
* http://www.rics.org/environment