Patrice Lumumba

**[[Patrice Lumumba]]**, ainihin sunansa shi ne **Élias Okit' Asombo** (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Yuli, a shekarar 1925 a Onalua 2, na ƙasar Belgian Kongo, kuma ya mutu a ranar  goma sha bokwai 17 ga watan janairu shekarar 1961, a kusa da Élisabethville). Shi ɗan ƙasar Kongo ne, kuma Firaminista na farko na Jamhuriyar Dimokaraɗiyyar kongo daga shekarar 1960 zuwa 1964 daga watan yuni zuwa watan satumba shekarar 1960. Shi ne, tare da Joseph Kasa-Vubu , ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane na ƴancin kai na Belgian Kongo.

Ana ɗaukarsa a Jamhuriyar Dimokaraɗiyyar Kongo a matsayin "jarumin ƙasa" na farko na ƙasar bayan samun 'yancin kai.

## Tasowarsa da Karatu da Sana'a
An haifi Patrice Émery Lumumba a Onalua (yankin Katako-gombe a cikin Sankuru, Kongo Belgian, a cikin Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo a yanzu). Ya halarci makarantar mishan na Katolika sannan ƙwararren ɗalibi ne a makarantar Furofesa. Har zuwa shekara ta 1954 (shekarar kafuwar cibiyar sadarwar ilimi ta duniya da jami'a ta farko), Beljiyam ta mulkin mallaka kawai ta haɓaka tsarin ilimi, gaba ɗaya an danƙa wa ayyukan addini. Makarantar ta ba da ilimi na asali ne kawai kuma an fi son horar da ma'aikata fiye da magatakarda, amma Lumumba, wanda ya koyar da kansa, ya nutsar da kansa a cikin littattafan tarihi.

Ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin ofis a wani kamfanin hakar ma'adinai a ƙasar Kivu ta Kudu har zuwa shekarar 1945, sannan a matsayin ɗan jarida a Léopoldville (yau Kinshasa) da Stanleyville (Kisangani) ma'aikaci na 2 a ma'aikatar gidan waya, a lokacin ya rubuta a jaridu daban-daban.

A cikin watan Satumbar shekarar 1954, ya karɓi katin "rejista", wanda gwamnatin Belgium ta tanadar don wasu abubuwa masu mahimmanci na ƙasar (rajista 200 daga cikin miliyan 13 na mazaunan lokacin).

Ya gano, yayin da yake aiki da kamfanin haƙar ma'adinai, cewa albarkatun ƙasa na ƙasarsa na taka rawar gani a tattalin Arziƙin duniya, to amma kuma kamfanonin ƙasashen duniya ba sa yin wani abu da ya sa shugabannin ƙasar Kongo cikin tafiyar da waɗannan arziƙin. Sannan ya yi yaƙin neman dunkulewar Kongo, inda ya banbanta kansa da sauran 'yan awaren da jam'iyyunsu suka fi ƙabilanci, sun fi dacewa da tsarin tarayya 3. Masanin tarihin Kongo Isidore Ndaywel è Nziem ya ƙayyade: "Lumumba, saboda kasancewarsa Tetela, ya sa 'yan takararsa na "halitta" suka tarwatsa ko'ina cikin kasar, wanda ya tilasta masa ya buga katin kishin ƙasa"

Ba ya roƙon samun 'yancin kai nan da nan, musamman tun lokacin da ya fahimci cewa iyakokin Belgian Kongo da maƙwabtan Faransanci da Ingilishi da Portuguese sun zama masu mulkin mallaka, waɗanda masu mulkin mallaka suka kafa, wanda wata rana zai haifar da tambaya don rarraba dukiyar a tsakanin ƙasashen Afirka masu cin gashin kansu nan gaba. A cikin shekarar 1955, ya ƙirƙiro wata ƙungiya "APIC" (Ƙungiyar ma'aikata ƴan asalin mulkin mallaka) kuma za su sami damar yin magana da Sarki Baudouin a kan tafiya zuwa Kongo, game da yanayin zamantakewa na Kongo.

### Shugaban NMC
Patrice Lumumba ya sami amincewar siyasa don samun 'yancin kansa daga tasirin Belgium da kuma matsayinsa na Afirka, wanda ya burge Kwame Nkrumah na kasar Ghana a taron jama'ar Afirka na shekara ta alif 1958.  A shekarar 1959,jam'iyyarsa, MNC, ta rabu gida biyu: MNC-L ta Lumumba da kuma MNC-K mai tsattsauran ra'ayi.  A cikin wannan shekarar, an kama Lumumba da laifin tada tarzomar adawa da mulkin mallaka a Stanleyville wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutane 30 kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin watanni shida a gidan yari. Duk da cewa an ɗaure shi, jam'iyyar MNC ta samu rinjaye a zaben ƙananan hukumomi da aka yi a watan Disamba na shekarar 1959.Saboda matsin lamba daga sauran wakilai,an saki Lumumba don halartar taron 1960 na Brussels Round Tebur kan makomar Kongo.

## Yancin kai da zaɓen Firayim Minista

Taron ya ƙare a ranar 27 ga watan Janairu a shekarar 1960 tare da ayyana 'yancin kan Kongo, Ya sanya ranar 30 ga wata Yuni a 1960 a matsayin ranar yancin kai tare da 1960 zaɓen gama gari na ƙasar Belgium na Congo zaɓen ƙasa daga 11 zuwa 25 ga watan Mayu shekara ta alif 1960]].

Jam'iyyar MNC ta lashe zaɓe da dama a zaɓen.Makonni shida kafin ranar samun 'yancin kai, an naɗa Walter Ganshof van der Meersch a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Afirka na Belgium. Ya zauna a Léopoldville, a zahiri ya zama ministan zama na Belgium a Kongo, yana gudanar da shi tare da Gwamna Janar.

## Firaminista

### Yancin Kai
Yanci Kowace safiya da ƙarfe bakwai na yamma yana zaune a babban tebur, an ƙawata shi da rigar yaƙi ta kasar Belgium ta mulkin mallaka da aka manta da ita; zaki mai launin zinare a cikin garkuwar shuɗi. can Firayim Minista ya fara karɓar mataimakansa nan take, ya tsara jadawalin ranar

## Manazarta