Conradh a Gaeilge

(pronunciation Irish: [ˈkɔn̪ɣɾɣə n̪ɣə ˈɡeːljɟə]; KUN-ra na GALE-ga; tarihi da aka sani a Turanci a matsayin *[[Gaeilgeoir|Gaeoir]]* League) kungiya ce ta zamantakewa da al'adu wacce ke inganta Harshen Irish a Ireland da duniya. An kafa kungiyar ne a 1893 tare da Douglas Hyde a matsayin shugabanta na farko, lokacin da ta fito a matsayin magajin kungiyoyi da yawa na karni na 19 kamar Gaelic Union . Kungiyar ta kasance jagora na Farfadowar Gaelic da kuma gwagwarmayar Gaeilgeoir.

Duk da yake Hyde ya yi nasara wajen jawo 'yan ƙungiyar zuwa ƙungiyar, ƙungiyar ta ƙara nunawa ga motsin ƙasa a bayan farfadowar harshe. Daga 1915, mambobin zartarwa sun amince da jagorancin Irish Republican Brotherhood a cikin gwagwarmayar neman zama jihar Irish. Bayan kirkirar Irish Free State, da kuma iyakantaccen ci gaba dangane da koyarwa da amfani da harshe na hukuma, mambobi da yawa sun canja wurin jajircewarsu ga sabbin cibiyoyin, jam'iyyun siyasa da tsarin ilimi.

A shekara ta 2008, Conradh na Gaeilge ta karɓi sabon kundin tsarin mulki, ta watsar da nassoshi na bayan 1915 zuwa "yancin Irish", yayin da take sake tabbatar da burin dawo da Irish a matsayin harshen rayuwar yau da kullun a duk faɗin Ireland. A Arewacin Ireland, ta yi kamfen don Dokar Harshen Irish. Ba tare da amincewar zartarwa ta Stormont ba, a cikin 2022 Majalisar Westminster ta haɗa da yawancin tanadin da aka gabatar a cikin Dokar Identity and Language (Northern Ireland).

## Tushen: "De-Anglicising Ireland"

*Conradh a Gaeilge*, Gaelic League, wanda ya gaji Ulick Bourke's previous Gaelic Union, an kafa shi ne a shekara ta 1893, a lokacin da Irish a matsayin harshen da ake magana ya bayyana yana gab da halaka. Binciken kididdigar 1881 ya nuna cewa akalla kashi 45% na waɗanda aka haifa a Ireland a cikin shekaru goma na farko na karni na 19 an haife su a matsayin masu magana da Irish. Adadin daga ƙidayar jama'a ta 1891 sun nuna cewa kashi 3.5% ne kawai ake tasowa suna magana da yaren. Ireland ta zama ƙasa mai yawan magana da Ingilishi. Ma'aikata da ma'aikatan gona ne suka fi magana da shi a cikin gundumomi mafi talauci na yammacin Ireland, ana ganin Irish a ko'ina, a cikin kalmomin Matthew Arnold, a matsayin "labar tseren da aka doke".

Manufar farko ta Kungiyar ita ce kula da yaren a cikin *Gaeltacht*, gundumomin yammacin da ake magana da Irish. A ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 mai fafutukar Gaeilgeoir Aodan Mac Póilin ya lura, duk da haka, cewa "babban tasirin akidar motsi na harshe ba a cikin *Gaeltacht* ba, amma tsakanin masu fafutukar Ingilishi". Kungiyar ta haɓaka "duka masu kiyayewa da rawar farfadowa".

shugaban farko na kungiyar, Douglas Hyde (Dúbhg balan de hÍde), ɗan shugaban Ikilisiyar Ireland daga County Roscommon, ya taimaka wajen kirkirar wani yanayi a farkon kwanakin da suka ja hankalin 'yan ƙungiyar da yawa a cikin sahunta. Abin sha'awa, waɗannan sun haɗa da Rev. Richard Kane, Babban Jagora na Belfast Orange Lodge kuma mai shirya Yarjejeniyar Anti-Home Rule ta 1892. Amma tun daga farko akwai rikici da ba a warware shi ba tsakanin maganganun da ba na siyasa ba da kuma kishin kasa da ke cikin aikin farfadowa na League.

Tare da taimakon Eugene O'Growney (marubucin Simple Lessons in Irish) Eoin MacNeill, Thomas O'Neill Russell da sauransu, an ƙaddamar da League ne bayan jawabin da Hyde ya gabatar wa Irish National Literary Society, a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1892:  "'The Necessity for De-Anglicising Ireland'". Da yake ambaton Giuseppe Mazzini (mai kishin ƙasar Italiya wanda ya kasance wahayi ga yaren da ba a saba gani ba tare da matasa Irish, Thomas Davis), Hyde ya yi jayayya cewa "a cikin harshen da yardar kaina mafi kyawun ƙasa waɗanda suka zubar da kanmu waɗanda suka yi watsi da kanmu waɗanda suke da hankali ga waɗanda suka yi haskaka kanmu daga cikin 'yanci' yanci' yan ƙasa".

## Manazarta