Kassena

**Mutanen Kassena** wata kabila ce da ke kan iyakar Ghana da Burkina Faso. Suna magana da yaren Kasem. Shugabansu yana zaune a garin Tiébélé. Kasenna na da alaka ta ƙut da ƙut da mutanen Nankanni kuma an hada su wuri guda don kafa gundumar gudanarwa ta Kassena-Nankana a 1936. Tun daga shekarar 2008 yankin (Kassena-Nankana) ya ƙunshi gundumomi biyu: Kassena Nankana Yamma da Kassena Nankana Gabas.

## Tarihi

Mutanen Kassena wata ƙabila ce ta ƙabilar Gurunsi meta, kalmar da ake amfani da ita wajen kwatanta tarin ƙabilun da ke zaune a arewacin Ghana da kudancin Burkina Faso, da kuma Togo. Mutanen Gurunsi ba su da wata alaka ta ƙut-da-ƙut da juna kuma rabe-rabensu ya fito ne daga kalmar da wani shugaban jihadi na Djerma mai suna Baba Ato Zato ya yi amfani da shi wajen kwatanta gungun sojojin da aka ɗauka daga ƙabilu daban-daban na yankin guda. A cewar likita Salif Titamba Lankoande, a cikin *Noms de famille (Patronymes) au Burkina Faso*, sunan Gurunsi ya fito ne daga yaren Djerma na Nijar kalmomin "Guru-si", wanda ke nufin "ƙarfe ba ya shiga". An ce a lokacin da Djerma ta mamaye yankunan Gurunsi a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, wani Baba Ato Zato (wanda aka fi sani da cin hanci da rashawa na Hausa mai suna Babatu) ya ɗauki bataliyar ’yan asalin kasar aikin soja, waɗanda bayan sun sha maganin gargajiya, an ce ba shi da lahani ga ƙarfe. Kalmar ta makale tun daga wancan lokacin don nufin wadannan mutane, amma sun bambanta da ƙabilu daban-daban na al'adu da harshe.

Al'ummar Kassena sun kafa manyan garuruwan da aka tsara su a matsayin tungar tsaro daga Ouagadougou zuwa arewa maso gabashin Ghana. A tarihance, waɗannan garuruwan daular Mossi ne. Wannan yanki ya zama a ƙarshen shekarun 1890 na wani ɓangare uku na gasar da aka yi tsakanin sojojin mulkin mallaka na Faransa, Birtaniya, da Jamusawa, inda suke kokarin fatattakar shugabannin yaki na Djerma da kuma yaƙar al'ummar yankin masu fama da yaƙi wadanda suka yi tsayin daka don tabbatar da 'yancin cin gashin kansu, yayin da suke kokarin ganin sun yi nasara. yunƙurin mamaye yankuna da yawa gwargwadon iko tare da kashe abokan hamayyar 'yan mulkin mallaka. Kowanne daga cikin ukun ya yi ikirarin wani yanki na yankin da Kassena ya mamaye, amma ba a warware gasa tsakanin turawan mulkin mallaka ba sai a shekarar ƙarshe ta ƙarni na 19. Bayan kafa kariyar Yatenga (1895) da Ouagadougou (1896), Faransa ta mamaye ƙasar Kassena a cikin 1897. Daga ƙarshe Jamusawa sun janye zuwa Togoland (Gana na zamani da Togo), kuma yarjejeniyar 1898 Anglo-Faransa ta kafa iyaka da Zinariya a hukumance. Coast (yanzu Ghana). Wannan bangare ya raba al'ummar Kassena a cikin tsarin gudanarwa na Faransa da Birtaniya, tare da wasu Kassenas da ke zaune a kudancin Burkina Faso musamman a lardin Naouhri da garuruwan Tiebele da Pô, da kuma wasu da ke zaune a Ghana ba a cikin gundumar Kassena - Nennka ba. Navrongo, da kuma a cikin biranen Paga da Bolgatanga.

## Imani na addini
Kassena a tarihi mutane ne masu son rai na wata-wata suna bauta wa Allah Mahalicci "We" kuma suna girmama kakanni. Wannan ma'anar ita ce "We" da za a iya samu a yawancin sunayen Kassena kamar "Webedouh", "Wettelne", da , "Wepouli." A al'ummar Kassena na gargajiya, ana binne mamacin a cikin farfajiyar gidan kakanninsu.

## Tsarin siyasa
Basaraken gargajiya a garin Kassena ana kiransa da “Peh”. Kowane gari yana da nasa garin "Peh" tare da mafi iko mai mulki shine Tiébélé Peh.

## Fasaha
An san mutanen Kassena da abin rufe fuska na katako, da sassaƙaƙen yumbu, da kayan ado na katako, da kuma kiɗansu. Djongon shine sunan bikin raye-rayen gargajiya na Kassena inda masu taruwa ke rawan Djongo ko nagila.

## Al'umma
An kasa al'ummar Kassena na gargajiya zuwa sarakuna, biyar daga cikinsu sune: Navrongo, Paga, Chiana, Kayoro, Katiu da Nakon.

## Kiran gida
Masanin ilimin ɗan adam ɗan ƙasar Belgium, Ann Cassiman, ya gudanar da cikakken bayanan ƙabilanci na Kassena. A cikin littafinta mai suna *"Stirring Life: Women's Paths and Places among the Kasena of Northern Ghana"*, ta yi bayani dalla-dalla a kan al'adun abin duniya, al'adu da ayyukan zamantakewa kamar yadda aka samu a ƙauyen Kassena na karkara. Har ila yau, wannan binciken ya kai ga baje kolin kayan tarihi mai suna 'Kiran Gida', wanda Gidan Tarihi na Aan de Stroom (MAS) ke zaune a Antwerp, Belgium.

## Manazarta