Peter Dawson (bass-baritone)

**Peter Smith Dawson** (31 Janairu 1882 - 27 Satumba 1961) ya kasance dan Australia bass-baritone kuma marubucin waƙa  a cikin 1920s da 1930s, lokacin da ya kasance mai yiwuwa mafi mashahuriyar mawaƙa na wannan zamanin. Ya ce a lokacin gramophone "kayan aiki ne na azabtarwa", yana ba da ƙarfi ga mai yin rikodin, wanda ke buƙatar "kashin fata" don yin tasiri a kan silinda na albasa, wanda ya kama komai sai sautin da ya fi ƙarfi.

Koyaya, Dawson ya yi rikodin sa na farko a cikin 1904, kuma ya ci gaba da fitar da waƙoƙi don EMI da Muryar Maigidansa (HMV) har zuwa 1958. A wannan lokacin ya yi waƙoƙi na gargajiya kamar "Don Juan Serenade" na Tchaikovsky da kuma shahararrun waƙoƙoƙi kamar "Waltzing Matilda".

Ya kasance batun tarihin rayuwa, *Peter Dawson: Baritone mafi mashahuri a duniya* wanda Peter Burgis da Russell Smith suka rubuta. Wannan tarihin ya kiyasta cewa Dawson yana da fiye da 1500 rikodin da aka bayar a lokacin aikinsa.

In 1984, he was chosen by the *Guinness Book of Recorded Sound* as one of the top ten singers of all time, alongside Elvis Presley and Enrico Caruso.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Farkon aiki
An haifi Peter Dawson a shekara ta 1882 a Adelaide, Kudancin Ostiraliya, ga iyayen Scotland da baƙi, Thomas Dawson, ma'aikacin ƙarfe, mai famfo da kuma ma'aikaci daga Kirkcaldy  da Alison, née Miller. Shi ne mafi ƙanƙanta cikin yara tara, ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Gabashin Adelaide, sannan Pulteney Street School. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 17, ya shiga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta coci kuma ya sami darussan waka daga C. J. Stevens . Sa'an nan, yana da shekaru 19, ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun bass solo a gasar a Ballarat, Victoria, kuma ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo. Ya kasance mawaƙi ne a wasan kwaikwayon Kirsimeti na 1901 na *Almasihu* a Adelaide Town Hall. 

An tura shi Landan don Sir Charles Santley ya koya masa, wanda ya fara tura shi ga F. L. Bamford na Glasgow don horo na asali na watanni shida da horarwa a cikin motsa jiki na murya, arias, waƙoƙi da waƙoƙin gargajiya. Daga nan ya yi karatu daga 1903 zuwa 1907 tare da Santley, wanda ya ba shi cikakken horo a cikin samar da murya da kuma fahimtar manyan oratorios, musamman *Almasihu* na Handel, *Iliya* na Mendelssohn da *Halitta* na Haydn. A shekara ta 1904, ya shiga Santley a cikin yawon shakatawa na mako takwas na Yammacin Ingila tare da soprano Emma Albani.

Ya halarci wasanni da yawa a Covent Garden a cikin shekaru goma na farko na karni na 20 kuma ya ji yawancin manyan mawaƙa maza na shekarun, gami da baritones Titta Ruffo, Pasquale Amato, Mattia Battistini, Mario Sammarco da bass Marcel Journet, Édouard de Reszke da Pol Plançon. A duk rayuwarsa ya amince da misalin "bel canto" na Battistini. Baya ga wasan kwaikwayo na Italiyanci da Faransanci, ya girma don sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa na Jamusanci na Richard Wagner .

A ranar 20 ga Mayu 1905, ya auri Annie Mortimer "Nan" Noble, 'yar manajan ofishin Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Alhambra, wanda ya raira waƙa a cikin soprano a ƙarƙashin sunan Annette George . A wannan lokacin, wani likitan Rasha ya taimaka masa ya faɗaɗa samansa, har sai compass dinsa ya faɗaɗa daga E-flat a cikin bass zuwa babban A ko A-flat. A cikin 1909, ya bayyana a Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, a matsayin Night Watchman a cikin The Mastersingers na Nuremberg (a gaban tenor Walter Hyde a matsayin David), tare da Hans Richter yana jagorantar. A lokacin daya daga cikin wadannan wasan kwaikwayon, bayan ya lashe adadi mai yawa yana wasa poker a cikin fuka-fuki, ya yi sauri a kiran sa, kuma ba da gangan ya watsar da nasarorin da ya samu a kan mataki. (Dawson, wanda ke da jin dadi, ya kasance mai kula da ba da labarin irin waɗannan labaran, yawanci game da wasu masu wasan kwaikwayo.) Koyaya, bai sami matsin lamba na matakin opera ya zama mai dacewa da halinsa mai sauƙi ba, kuma ya zaɓi maimakon haka ya ƙirƙiri wani madadin aiki a matsayin mawaƙa da mawaƙa.

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