Daidaitaccen Musulunci

***Musulunci Homosexualities: Al'adu, Tarihi, da Littattafai*** tarin rubutun ne wanda Stephen O. Murray da Will Roscoe suka shirya kuma aka buga shi a 1997 ta Jami'ar New York.

Editocin sun yi jayayya cewa ɗaliban Gabas ta Tsakiya waɗanda suka fito daga dukkan ƙasashe sun guji ba da hankali ga ayyukan ɗan luwaɗi, don haka an yi littafin don ba da hankali kan ayyukan. Manufofin da aka bayyana a littafin sun kasance don bayyana "ra'ayoyi da kungiyoyi na sha'awar ɗan luwaɗi da halayyar a cikin al'ummomin Islama" da kuma "don magance yunkurin Yurocentrism na binciken da aka yi kwanan nan game da ɗan luwaɗi". Babban gardamar littafin ita ce "yi la'akari da alamu na luwadi da muke samu a cikin al'ummomin Islama kamar yadda ya bambanta da dukkan fannoni na asalin luwadi na zamani da salon rayuwa yana ƙarfafa tunanin Yurocentrism". Dukkanin editocin ba kwararru ne na Gabas ta Tsakiya ba amma kwararru ce ta Arewacin Amurka da Latin Amurka. Bruce Dunne na Lambda Book Report ya rubuta cewa littafin ya yi jayayya cewa kungiyoyin LGBT na zamani a Gabas ta Tsakiya suna da "ci gaba" da "na zamani" kamar yadda asalin LGBT na zamani suke.

Didi Khayatt na Jami'ar York ta bayyana imanin ta cewa "bukatar marubutan neman luwadi na Islama ko dai kama da ko daban daga ra'ayoyin Yammacin da suka dace da ayyukan jima'i ya dace da irin wannan zargi da suke so su gujewa. "  Steven C. Caton na Sabon Makarantar Nazarin Jama'a ya yi jayayya cewa ba a yi amfani da "Eurocentrism" yadda ya kamata ba, tunda kalmar ta yi nuni ne ga ra'ayi cewa Turai ta tsakiya ga duniya, kuma tana iya zama Eurocentric don neman luwadi LGBT na salon Turai a duniyar Islama.

Dunne ya bayyana cewa wannan littafin an yi shi ne ga masu sauraro da masu sauraro.

## Abinda ke ciki
Editocin sun rubuta gabatarwa da ƙarshe. Littafin ya ƙunshi litattafai sama da 22,  waɗanda duk suna tattauna sha'awar jima'i ɗaya a duniyar Islama. Lokacin da aka tattauna a cikin rubutun ya fito ne daga zamanin pre-Islamic zuwa yanzu. Al'adun da ke cikin ayyukan sun haɗa da al'adun Larabawa, Iran, da Turkiyya; kuma ƙasashen sun haɗa da yankunan Kudancin Asiya; yankunan Kudu maso gabashin Asiya,  gami da Indonesia;  Masar; Iran; Iraki; Spain a ƙarƙashin mulkin Islama,  Oman,  da Turkiyya, [4] gami da Turkiyya Ottoman. [4] Murray ya rubuta kuma / ko ya rubuta goma sha uku daga cikin rubutun. Roscoe ya rubuta daya daga cikin rubutun. Baya ga Murray da Roscoe akwai wasu masu ba da gudummawa. Masu ba da gudummawa sun haɗa da malamai tare da fannoni daban-daban, 'yan jarida, ɗan kasuwa, da mai bugawa. Wasu daga cikin masu ba da gudummawa sun fito ne daga ƙasashen Musulunci,  kuma marubutan sun haɗa da 'yan Pakistan uku.  Yawancin rubutun asali ne ga littafin yayin da wasu aka sake sabuntawa ko kuma ba a sake sabunta su ba na rubutun da aka buga a baya a wasu wallafe-wallafen. Rubutun ban da na Pakistanis sun dogara ne akan bayanan al'adu daga karatun adabi, bincike a cikin ɗakunan ajiya da takardu, da rahotanni na bincike da wasu mutane suka rubuta; waɗannan rubutun ba su haɗa da aikin gona ba.

Dunne ya yi jayayya cewa rubutun "suna da yawa, suna da bayanai masu ban mamaki kuma suna da wadataccen littafi".  Khayatt ya yi jayyana cewa rubutun "mafi karfi" sun tsara ayyukan jima'i a duniyar Islama.  Khayatt ya yi imanin cewa littafin ya "kafa" gaskiyar cewa ayyukan jima'i da ayyukan da suka shafi mutane iri ɗaya "da ra'ayi daban-daban daga ra'ayoyin Yammacin Turai na "masanin jima'i" sun wanzu, amma marubutan ba su "nuna yadda al'ummomin Islama ke tunanin "masanin jinsi ba". "" Michael R. Stevenson na Jami'ar Jihar Ball ya rubuta cewa zurfin, tsawon, da ingancin surori sun bambanta kuma "Wasu suna karantawa kamar raguwa na abin da ya kamata ya zama mafi girma, mafi haɗin kai. "

### Sashe
"Sashe na I: Gabatarwa ga Musulunci Homosexualities. " yana da bayanan baya da gabatarwa.  Gabatarwa, Babi na 1, Roscoe da Murray ne suka rubuta shi. Murray ya rubuta "The Will Not to Know: Islamic Accommodations of Male Homosexualities," Babi na 2. Roscoe ya rubuta "Masu gabatar da daidaito na maza na Islama," Babi na 3. Jim Wafer ya rubuta "Muhammadu da Maza na luwaɗi," Babi na 4. Murray ya rubuta "Ƙaunar Mace-Mace a cikin Al'ummomin Musulunci," Babi na 5.

"Sashe na II: Nazarin Littattafai" ya rufe dokar Islama da wallafe-wallafen asiri ban da tropes daga Turkiyya da Iran na zamanin da. Wafer ya rubuta Babi na 6: "Ganin da Passion: Alamar Ƙaunar Maza a cikin Littattafan Musulunci". Murray ya rubuta Bafi na 7: "Corporealizing Medieval Farisa da Turkiyya Tropes. " Louis Crompton ya rubuta Baƙi na 8: "Ƙaunar Mace da Dokar Musulunci a Larabawa Spain".

Binciken tarihi na al'adun Islama a karni na 19, a Turkiyya a lokacin Daular Ottoman,  Misira a zamanin Mamluk na zamani,   da Albania suna cikin "Sashe na III: Nazarin Tarihi". Murray ya rubuta Babi na 9 zuwa 11 da 13-14: "Male na luwaɗi, Dokokin Gida, da Matsayin Mata a Misira ta Tsakiya: The Case of the Mamlūks", "Male ne na luwaɗi tsakanin bayi a Turkiyya ta Ottoman", "Mole ne na luwaɗin kai a Albania ta Ottoman ", "Sauye-Rahoton ƙarni na goma sha tara na daidaito na Musulunci", da kuma "Male-Male-Rahara Matsayin luwaɗi a cikin Al'adun Musulunci na Afirka ta Kudu", bi da bi. Babi na 12, "The Balkan Sworn Virgin: A Cross-Gendered Female Role," Mildred Dickemann ce ta rubuta shi.

Sashe na IV ya ƙunshi nazarin ilimin ɗan adam guda bakwai da ke tattauna fahimtar aikin jima'i iri ɗaya ta waɗanda ke gudanar da aikin jima'in iri ɗaya. Rubuce-rubuce biyu da 'yan Pakistan suka rubuta sun tattauna rayuwar LGBT a Pakistan ta zamani. Babi na ƙarshe shine ƙarshen littafin. Babi a cikin Sashe na IV sune: Babi na 15: "Ƙaddamar da Jima'i a Kudancin Iraki" na Sigrid Westphal-Hellbusch tare da Bradley Rose a matsayin mai fassara, Babi na 16: "The Sohari *Khanith* na Murray, Babi ne na 17: "Male Actresses a cikin Sassan Musulunci na Indonesia da Kudancin Philippines" na Male Murray, Bafi na 18: "Baluchi *[[Buggas]]* guda biyu, Sindhi *[[Kothi (gender)|Zenana]]*, da Matsayin *[[Hijra (South Asia)|Hijras]]* a cikin Pakistan na zamani," Nauman Na Na Na Nagay, da Hasan Mutistani, da Hagan City, Life - Dukansu: "Ba Sauran Sashen"

## Karɓar baƙi
Khaled El-Rouayheb, wanda ya rubuta Kafin Kwaminisanci a cikin Duniya ta Larabawa-Islama, 1500-1800, ya yi imanin cewa kwatancin Musulunci na Kwaminisancin Musulunci game da halayyar jinsi guda a cikin Larabawa da Islama shine "kwaminisanci" lokacin da irin wannan halayyar ba ta zama ɗan luwaɗi ba, kuma El-Rauayheb ya yi jayayya cewa kwatancin halayyar jima'i ɗaya a cikin Yammacin Musulunci, ba daidai ba ne, kuma ya zama soyayya.

Khayatt ya kammala cewa "Dukan[...] littafin yana da kyau sosai a cikin faɗin sa, kuma ni, don ɗaya, ina godiya ga aikin waɗannan marubutan. "  Ta ba da shawarar cewa nazarin ayyukan 'yan mata ya kamata ya nuna bambanci mai yiwuwa a cikin yadda al'adun Islama ke fahimtar ayyukan mata na jinsi ɗaya maimakon bayyana cewa ana tantance ra'ayoyin kuma an ɓoye su daga al'umma, kuma ya kamata a bincika aikin " (ma'aurata masu jima'i) canza jinsi na ƙaunatacce a cikin zafi na sha'awa" a cikin kafofin watsa labarai. Ta yi jayayya cewa "marubutan a cikin littafin sun dogara da matani na Yamma don tallafawa bincikensu maimakon kallon yanayin al'adu don hasashe".

## manazarta