Rupin Jamus na Gabashin Afirka

**Rupie** shine kudin Jamus na Gabashin Afirka tsakanin 1890 zuwa 1916, yana ci gaba da yaduwa a yankin Tanganyika har zuwa 1920.

## Tarihi
Rupe na Indiya ita ce babbar kuɗin da ake amfani da shi a gabar tekun gabashin Afirka a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na 19, inda ta ware dalar zinariya ta Amurka da Maria Theresa thaler . Kamfanin Jamus na Gabashin Afirka ya sami haƙƙin haƙƙin mint coinage a cikin 1890 kuma ya ba da rubi waɗanda suka yi daidai da rupee Indiya da Zanzibar. Kamfanin ya ci gaba da rike haƙƙoƙin sa na tsabar kuɗi ko da bayan da gwamnatin Jamus ta mamaye Gabashin Afirka daga baya a cikin 1890. A shekara ta 1904 gwamnatin Jamus ta karɓi harkokin kuɗi kuma ta kafa bankin Ostafrikanische.

Rupie tun farko yayi daidai da Rupian Indiya . Har zuwa 1904, an raba shi zuwa *Pesa* 64 (daidai da *pice* na Indiya ko *paisa* ). An ƙirƙira kuɗin kuɗin a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 1904, tare da 1 Rupie = 100 *Heller ,* wanda aka daidaita shi cikin harshen Swahili a matsayin kalmar 'hela' wacce har yanzu ake amfani da ita tana nufin 'kudi'. A lokaci guda kuma, an kafa ƙayyadaddun canjin canji na 15 Rupien = 20 Alamar Jamusanci .

A cikin 1915 da 1916 a lokacin yaƙi a Gabashin Afirka a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya an ba da babban jerin batutuwan gaggawa na kuɗin takarda. 1916 kuma ya ga wani batu na ƙarshe na tsabar kudi don biyan sojojin Jamus, ciki har da tsabar kudi na Rupien 15 wanda ya ƙunshi daidai adadin zinariya daga Sekenke Gold Mine zuwa daidai 15 Jamus Marks. Daga baya a shekara ta 1916 sojojin Birtaniya da na Belgium suka mamaye Jamus ta Gabashin Afirka. A Tanganyika, Rupie ya yadu tare da Rupi na Gabashin Afirka (wanda yake daidai da shi) har zuwa 1920, lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da florin na Gabashin Afirka daidai. A Burundi da Ruwanda, franc na Belgian Kongo ya maye gurbin Rupie a 1916.

## Tsabar kudi
A cikin 1890, an ƙaddamar da Pesa 1 na jan karfe da azurfa 1 da Rupie tsabar kudi, wanda ya biyo bayan shekara ta gaba da azurfa.   kuma a cikin 1893 ta tsabar kuɗi Rupien 2 na azurfa.  An haƙa tsabar azurfa daidai da ma'auni ɗaya da Rupen Indiya.

A sakamakon decimalization, tagulla An gabatar  da 1 Heller a cikin 1904, sannan tagulla 5 Heller da holed, cupro-nickel 10 Heller a 1908. A cikin 1913, an gabatar da holed, cupro-nickel 5 Heller.

An tsara batutuwan 1916 a Tabora a matsayin kuɗin gaggawa na lokacin yaƙi. An ba da jimlar 302,940 tagulla 5 Heller. Bugu da ƙari, an samar da duka tagulla (325,000) da tagulla (1,307,760) 20 na Heller, adadin da ke ba su damar kasancewa a shirye don masu tarawa.  Bugu da kari an samar da 16,198 na zinariya 15 Rupien da aka ambata a sama. Yayin da ƙananan tsabar kuɗin da aka kashe da danni, gwal ɗin sun sami cikakkun bayanai. 

## Bayanan banki
A cikin 1905, Deutsch-Ostafrikanische Bank ya gabatar da bayanin kula don 5, 10, 50, da 100 Rupien, da kuma 500 Rupien a 1912.  Tsakanin 1915 da 1917, an samar da bayanan gaggawa na yakin duniya na (na wucin gadi) a cikin ƙungiyoyi na 1., 5, 10, 20, 50 da 200 Rupien. 

### Batun gaggawa (littafin banki na wucin gadi)
An katse turawan mulkin mallaka na Gabashin Afirka daga Jamus sakamakon katangar da aka yi a lokacin yaƙi . An adana tsabar azurfa don ainihin ƙimar sa a cikin hada-hadar kasuwanci, kuma an matsa wa gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta ƙirƙira takardun banki na wucin gadi.  Abubuwan da suka gabata na takardun banki (watau 1905 da 1912) kamfanin bugawa na Jamus Giesecke & Devrient ne ya samar da su.  Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta yi kwangila tare da mawallafin Deutsch-Ostafrikanische Zeitung, jaridar yau da kullum a Dar es Salaam, kuma a ranar 15 Maris 1915 sun samar da fitowar farko na bayanin kula na wucin gadi (20 rupien),  da farko da aka buga akan lilin da kuma daga baya akan takarda da aka yi daga jute .  Ganin ƙarancin wadatar lokacin yaƙi, an kuma buga bayanin kula na wucin gadi akan takarda kasuwanci, takarda nannade,  kuma a cikin wani misali mai wuyar gaske, takarda bango.  Da farko bambance-bambancen fari, bayanin kula kuma ya bayyana cikin launuka iri-iri, gami da shuɗi-launin toka, ruwan zaitun, ruwan ruwan ja, ruwan gwal, ruwan ƙasa mai duhu, launin ruwan toka, inuwar shuɗi, da kore mai duhu. ￼

Rubutun bayanin kula da aka fassara yana cewa: (gaba) Rukunin banki na wucin gadi. Bankin Jamus na Gabashin Afirka zai biya, ba tare da bincikar ainihin mutum ba, rupi ɗaya (da sauransu) daga ofisoshinsa a cikin DOA .  kuma, a cikin Jamusanci da Swahili: (a baya) kashi ɗari na fuskar ƙimar wannan takardar kuɗi ana ajiye shi zuwa ga gwamnatin Jamus ta Gabashin Afirka ta Imperial . Gargadi a ƙasan bayanan ya nuna cewa yin jabun zai haifar da hukuncin daurin shekaru biyu na aiki tuƙuru.  Bayanan baitul mali daga Jamus ta Gabashin Afirka ta mulkin mallaka sun nuna cewa an buga bayanan wucin gadi 8,876,741. 

## Nassoshi