Gundumar Kula da Ingancin Jirgin Sama ta Kudu

**Gundumar Kula da Ingancin Jirgin Sama ta Kudu**, kuma ta amfani da acronym South Coast (AQMD), wanda aka kafa a 1976, ita ce Hukumar gurɓata iska da ke da alhakin tsara tushen gurɓataccen iska a Kudancin Kudancin da yankin Coachella Valley na Salton Sea Air Basin, a Kudancin California. Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Jirgin Sama ta California tana da alhakin tsara hanyoyin tafi-da-gidanka (misali motoci) a cikin kwandon iska.

## Yanayin yankin
Kudancin Kudancin AQMD ya haɗa da duk Orange County; da yankunan da ba na hamada ba na Los Angeles County, San Bernardino County, da Riverside County ciki har da Coachella Valley.

Yankin Kudancin Kudancin da ke kewaye da Kudancin AQMD ya kai kimanin murabba'in kilomita 10,750 (kilomita 27,850) kuma shine yanki na biyu mafi yawan jama'a a Amurka. Wannan yanki yana da matsala mai tsanani tare da hayaki, kuma AQMD ta Kudu ta kasance jagora a kokarin kasar na rage gurɓataccen iska. Babban ofishin yana cikin garin Diamond Bar .

## Ayyuka
Kudancin Kudancin AQMD yana haɓaka, yana karɓar kuma yana aiwatar da Shirin Gudanar da Ingancin Air don kawo yankin cikin bin ƙa'idodin iska mai tsabta waɗanda dokokin gwamnati na ƙasa da na jihohi suka kafa.

Ana gabatar da ingancin iska da "dokokin" gurɓataccen iska don rage hayaki daga tushe daban-daban, gami da takamaiman nau'ikan kayan aiki, matakai na masana'antu, fenti, masu narkewa da wasu kayayyakin mabukaci. Ana ba da izini ga masana'antu da kamfanoni masu dacewa don tilasta bin ka'idojin ingancin iska da fitarwa, kuma ma'aikatan AQMD na Kudancin Kudancin suna gudanar da dubawa na lokaci-lokaci don tabbatar da irin wannan bin.

Dokokin AQMD na Kudancin Kudancin suna aiki ga kasuwancin da suka fara daga manyan masana'antun mai da tashoshin wutar lantarki zuwa Tashoshin man fetur da tsire-tsire masu tsabta. Akwai kusan kamfanoni 30,000 da ke aiki a karkashin izinin AQMD na Kudancin Kudancin. Gabaɗaya, hukumar ta iyakance ga kafa dokoki don tsara tushen tsaye. Ka'idodin fitarwa don hanyoyin tafi-da-gidanka (motoci, manyan motoci, bas, layin dogo, jiragen sama da jiragen ruwa) an kafa su ne ta Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka da Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Jirgin Sama ta California.

### Cibiyar sa ido kan ingancin iska
Kudancin Kudancin AQMD kuma tana aiki da cibiyar sadarwa mai zurfi na tashoshin sa ido kan ingancin iska (kimanin tashoshin 40) kuma tana ba da Hasashen ingancin iska na yau da kullun. Ana samun hasashen ga jama'a ta hanyar jaridu, talabijin, rediyo, aikace-aikacen wayar salula mai lambar yabo, kafofin sada zumunta, shafin yanar gizon, da kuma layin tarho na Smog Update kyauta.

### Ingancin iska da gurɓataccen iska
Ayyukan ƙirar ƙirar iska na Kudancin Kudancin AQMD suna ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan Sashen Shirye-shiryen, Ci gaban Dokoki da Sashin Tushen Yankin. Wannan ɓangaren kuma yana da alhakin sa ido da yin sharhi game da ƙirar watsa iska  binciken da aka yi a matsayin wani ɓangare na duk wani binciken tasirin muhalli wanda AQMD na Kudu Coast zai iya sake dubawa ko buƙata. Misalan da za a iya amfani da su sun hada da: 

* California Line Source Dispersion Model (KALINE-4-4) 
* Tsarin Jirgin Sama
* Hotspots Analysis da Reporting Program (HARP) 
* US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 's Air Quality Models
* California Air Resources Board (CARB) 's Air Quality Models

### Dokar tushe ta kai tsaye
SCAQMD tana da iko don tsara tushen gurɓataccen iska. Wadannan sun hada da ɗakunan ajiya waɗanda ke haifar da tafiye-tafiye na manyan motoci, don haka sun cancanci zama tushen gurɓata iska. A cikin 2021, kwamitin SCAQMD ya kada kuri'a don ba da izini ga Dokar Tushen Ba kai tsaye ba, wanda ke buƙatar ɗakunan ajiya da suka fi murabba'in mita 100,000 don ɗaukar matakai don yanke gurɓataccen yanayi, tallafawa irin waɗannan ayyukan rage gurɓatawar iska, ko fuskantar hukunci. Daular Inland ta sami ci gaba mai yawa na ɗakunan ajiya waɗanda ke ba da sabis ga masana'antar e-commerce. 

Babban shirin mulkin kai tsaye shine Ayyukan Warehouse da Zuba Jari don Rage Emissions (WAIRE). A karkashin WAIRE, ɗakunan ajiya da abin ya shafa dole ne su sami maki na WAIRE don samar da ƙarfafawa don rage hayaki daga manyan motocin da ke ba su hidima. Za su iya samun maki ta hanyar aiki da Motocin lantarki ko wasu motocin fitarwa, shigar da tashar caji ko bangarorin hasken rana, ko biyan kuɗi don shigar da matattarar barbashi a makarantun gida. Masu aiki da ajiya waɗanda ba su sami isasshen maki dole ne su biya kuɗin ragewa.

A ranar 2 ga watan Agusta, 2024, kwamitin gundumar iska ya kada kuri'a don ba da izini ga sabon tsarin tushe na kai tsaye don rage hayakin nitrogen oxide daga tashar Jirgin ƙasa a cikin gundumar. Dokar za ta shafi wurare 25 kuma za ta buƙaci kayan aiki ko duk wuraren da wannan ma'aikaci ke sarrafawa a jihar California don rage hayaki da aka ƙayyade a kan asalin da aka tsara ko nuna cewa ta hanyar rage yawan kayan aikin yana da raguwar Aggregate Emission Factor. Dokar ta gina a kan dokar CARB In-Use Locomotive da kuma dokar Advanced Clean Fleet wanda har yanzu EPA ta amince da shi kuma ta haka ne dokar ba za ta iya fara aiki ba har sai an amince da su. Ana sa ran dokar za ta hana mutuwar da ba ta dace ba 300 da kuma kwantar da mutane 2100 a asibiti a kowace shekara. Bayan rantsar da Donald Trump a cikin 2025, CARB ta janye Dokar Tsaro Mai Tsabtace Jirgin Ruwa da Dokar In-Use Locomotive, don haka dokar SCAQMD ba za ta iya fara aiki ba.

## Manazarta