Goetz Cave

**Kogon Goetz** kogon fissure ne a Thuringia, Jamus. Yana kan iyakar yammacin Meiningen a kan Dietrichsberg a tsakiyar tudun dutse zuwa Werra . Kogon wani abin tunawa ne na halitta da kuma  kuma ana la'akari da mafi girma irin wannan kogo a Jamus . Har ila yau, shi ne kawai kogon haɗin gwiwa da fissure a Turai. An kafa tsatsauran ra'ayi ne kimanin shekaru 25,000 da suka gabata ta hanyar zaftarewar kasa ta gangara zuwa Werra, wanda har yanzu yana ci gaba.

Wani dan kasuwa na Meiningen Reinhold Goetz ne ya gano kogon a watan Agustan 1915. Bayan ci gaban da ya dauki shekaru da dama tare da katsewa, an bude shi a matsayin kogon nuni a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 1934. Daga 1970 zuwa 2000, an rufe kogon saboda rashin tsaro. A ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 2000, an sake buɗe kogon bayan an yi gyara sosai. Ana iya samunsa sama da tsawon 420&nbsp;mita a cikin fissure huɗu masu kama da juna da hawa uku, tare da kusan rabin hanyar yawon buɗe ido da ke ƙunshe da ramukan da aka ƙirƙira ta wucin gadi a cikin fissures.

## Tarihi

### Ganowa
Dan kasuwa na Meiningen *Reinhold Goetz* ya kasance yana shagaltuwa tsawon shekaru yana ƙirƙirar lambun dutse a wurin don dacewa da ɗanɗanon soyayya na lokacin, tare da manyan filaye, wuraren dubawa da rugujewar katanga na wucin gadi. A cikin watan Agustan 1915, yayin da ake hakar duwatsu, ya gamu da babban buɗaɗɗe a cikin dutsen harsashi na Dietrichsberg. Ya binciko shi, ya kara kutsawa cikin dutsen, sai ya gano cewa budewar ta haifar da tsatsauran ra'ayi daidai da tsaunin, babban firar ta yau.&nbsp;2. 

### Ci gaba
A shekara ta 1917, an ƙirƙiri rami a wurin, wanda bisa ga bayanin shi ne rami da aka yi amfani da shi a yau azaman fita. A cikin Afrilu 1917, Goetz ya sami dabba da kasusuwa na mutane da ke makale a cikin yumbu kogon a cikin wani rafi, babban ramin yau.&nbsp;3, kusan 20&nbsp;mita daga ƙofar. A lokacin kara tuki na tunnels, babban crevices&nbsp;3 da 4 aka tunkara. *Thüringer Höhlenverein* ne ya fara binciko kogon a shekara ta 1922. An tsawaita rami na farko har zuwa 1925. Daga nan ne abokan dangi da sauran masu sha'awa suka ziyarci kogon. Reinhold Goetz ya mutu a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 1925 kuma an dakatar da aikin ci gaba.  A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, kogon Goetz ya yi shuru.

A cikin 1932, masanin ilimin kasa Heß von Wichdorf ya ambaci fissures a cikin Dietrichsberg a *Die Thüringer Höhlen* . Ya bayyana su a matsayin fissures mafi mahimmanci a Thuringia.  Ya sami waɗannan fahimtar yayin ziyarar a watan Oktoba 1931. A ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 1932, mambobi na Ƙungiyar Cave Thuringian, magajin garin Meiningen  da sauran wakilan birni da kuma masu sha'awar kogo daga Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Henneberg-Franconia sun ziyarci kogon. Heß von Wichdorf ne ya jagoranci wannan rangadin, wanda ya bayyana yanayin yanayin kasa da kuma samuwar kogon. Ya kuma yi nuni da cewa ya kamata a ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan cikin gaggawa. 

Ci gaba da haɓaka kogon ya fara ne a watan Mayu 1932.  Martha Goetz, gwauruwar mai binciken, wacce ta ba da kuɗin mafi yawan ayyukan ci gaba, ƙungiyar Thuringian Cave Association da Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Henneberg-Franconian da ke Meiningen ta sami tallafi. Injiniyan hakar ma'adinai Hermann Bender daga Blankenburg (Harz) shi ne darektan fasaha, kuma Erich Marquardt, malami a Gymnasium Bernhardinum Meiningen, ya goyi bayansa. Arbeitsdienstverpflichtete daga Meiningen da kewaye da ma'aikata shida da ke da gogewar hakar ma'adinai daga yankin Ruhr ne suka gudanar da aikin.  Gaba ɗaya, fiye da ma'aikata 20 sun shiga cikin ginin a ƙarƙashin jagorancin masu hakar ma'adinai da masu ilimin geologists. 

Shafi 22&nbsp;An nitse ramin zurfin mita don ƙirƙirar babban hanyar shiga. An gano babban fissure, fissure 1 na yau, da kuma ƙananan fissures a gefe yayin fadada daga cikin dutsen zuwa waje. Ramin shiga matakin ƙasa yana da matuƙar mahimmanci don ci gaban kogon. Ya yi aiki a matsayin hanyar shiga ga ma'aikata, waɗanda a baya za su iya shiga ta hanyar shinge kawai, da kuma jigilar ganimar daga kogon, wanda a baya dole ne a ɗaga shi sama da shingen hannu . 7000&nbsp;Mitoci masu kubik na kayan da aka tono an tattara su har su zama fili .  A cikin Maris 1934, an shigar da matakan da aka yi da itacen itacen oak don shawo kan bambance-bambance a tsayi kuma an shigar da hasken lantarki. Wannan ya nuna ƙarshen aikin ci gaba. Magajin garin Meiningen, Johann Meister, a hukumance ya bude kogon a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 1934.  An kuma gina kogon baude a wannan lokaci.

A cikin 1938, dangin Breede daga Meiningen sun sayi kogon da lambun dutsen da ke sama. Sun shirya rangadin kogo a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. A ranar 30 ga Oktoba, 1940, kogon Goetz ya sami kariya a matsayin abin tunawa na halitta ta hanyar umarnin mai kula da gunduma bisa ga Reichsnaturschutzgesetz .  Saboda gano ƙasusuwan mutum da na dabba, an ayyana kogon Goetz a matsayin abin tunawa a ranar 20 ga Agusta, 1955.  A cikin 1956, an ba shi kariya ta wucin gadi a matsayin abin tunawa na yanayin ƙasa, saboda akwai rashin tabbas game da ingancin tsoffin ƙa'idodin majalisar gundumomi a cikin GDR.  A cikin wannan shekarar, dangin Neumann sun yi hayar kogon.

### Tilas a rufe
Ran 24 ga Yuli, 1970 ne aka gudanar da rangadin karshe na jagorar kogon. Daga nan kuma aka rufe shi saboda barazanar rugujewar kogon.  Gidan kogon ya kasance a bude. Masu kogon ba su samu wani bayani a hukumance kan rufe kogon ba, haka kuma babu wata shaida a rubuce kan hakan. An katange kofofin shiga da fitan kogon.  Yana da wuya cewa rashin aminci da aka ambata ya wanzu. Ana tunanin dalilin rufe kogon shine kusancinsa da iyakar Jamus ta   Da yake kogon na sirri ne, hukuma ba ta da hanyar duba shi. Hukumomin tarihi da masu mallakar, wadanda wasunsu ke zaune a yammacin Jamus a lokacin, ba su yi nasarar dage rufe ginin ba.

A ranar 11 ga Agusta, 1983, majalisar gundumar Meiningen ta ba da kariya ga kogon a matsayin abin tunawa na halitta mai lamba *510/73/83* (GND). (GND).  Kogon ya daina bayyana a cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na ƙasa a gundumar Meiningen a cikin 1981 da 1989, wanda wataƙila saboda rufe shi a cikin 1970. A halin yanzu an jera kogon a cikin rajistar abubuwan tunawa na Free State of Thuringia.

Bayan sake haduwa, da farko kogon ya kasance a rufe. Kamar yadda shawarar 1983 ba ta da kimar kiyayewa da jagororin jiyya, Hukumar Kula da Kare Halitta ta Ƙarƙashin Halitta na gundumar Meiningen ta ba da umarnin kimar kiyayewa a farkon shekarun 1990. Ofishin Jiha na Thuringian don adana abubuwan tarihi da kayan tarihi (TLAD) a Weimar ya fara aiwatar da binciken binciken kayan tarihi a cikin 1994. A cikin Disamba 1995, mutane tara masu himma daga Meiningen sun ɗauki matakin sake buɗe wurin. Rahoton na 1996 na wani kamfanin kare haƙar ma'adinai daga Ilfeld bai bayyana wani haɗari na aminci ba, ma'ana cewa za a iya sake buɗe kogon ga jama'a a kowane lokaci. Masu, al’ummar magada na iyalai da daidaikun mutane, sun nuna aniyarsu ta siyar.

### Sake buɗewa

Wani rahoto mai shafi takwas na Bergsicherung Ilfeld daga ranar 1 ga Maris, 1996 kan yanayin fasaha na kogon da aikin gyare-gyaren da ake bukata da kuma zuba jari ya kai ga matsayar cewa babu wani abin da ya hana a sake bude kogon Goetz.  A ranar 13 ga Satumba 1996, ƙungiyar *Goetz-Höhle e.&nbsp;V.* an kafa shi da mambobi 42.  Dokar hakar ma'adinai ta Jamus ta nuna cewa za a iya amfani da kogon nunin ƙasa kawai idan mai ƙasar da ke sama ya yarda. Yankin kogon Goetz, wanda kuma mallakar al'ummar magada ne, ya kai kusan 21,000.&nbsp;murabba'in mita. Kaddarorin da ke da kogon Goetz an samu su ta hanyar takardar sanarwa ta ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1996. Bergsicherung Ilfeld ya kiyasta farashin matakan gyare-gyaren a kusan 1.6.&nbsp;Yuro miliyan . 

Domin a kiyaye kuɗaɗen shiga na gaba a matsayin ƙasa mai sauƙi, an nemi kuɗi don ciyar da farashin ci gaba. Sai dai an soke alkawari daga ma'aikatar harkokin tattalin arziki da ke Erfurt saboda daskare kasafin kudi. Daga baya ofishin daukar ma'aikata na jihar ya ba da gudummawar kusan Yuro miliyan daya don samar da kudade na matakin fadada na farko. Ofishin Jiha na Thuringian don adana abubuwan tarihi da kayan tarihi a Weimar, garin Meiningen da ƴan kasuwa da yawa da masu zaman kansu su ma sun ba da gudummawa. Daga Yuni 1999 zuwa Janairu 2000, an kammala duk matakan buɗe kogon nunin. 

Babban shirin bincike na ofishin hakar ma'adinai na Bad Salzungen daga 1999 ya ba da damar maye gurbin duk kayan aikin fasaha, saboda ba a kiyaye su ba a cikin kusan shekaru talatin na barci. Bugu da kari, ya zama dole a kiyaye sassan kogon cikin kwarewa da fasaha da aka yi niyyar amfani da su a matsayin hanyar baƙo da kuma hanyoyin da suka dace. Ƙofar, wadda aka yi amfani da ita a matsayin wurin ajiyar giya shekaru da yawa, dole ne a mayar da ita zuwa ainihin manufarta, kuma dole ne a maye gurbin tsoffin matakan katako da tsarin hasken wuta. An shigar da abubuwan tallafi, tarun waya don hana fadowar duwatsu da dogo a yankin da ke da zurfi don tabbatar da zirga-zirgar baƙon lafiya, kuma a wajejen kogon, kamar hanyoyi, matakalai da tarkace, an sanya su cikin abokantaka. 

*Thüringer Höhlenverein e.&nbsp;V.* ya goyi bayan aikin Goetz-Höhlen-Verein. A farkon shekara ta 2000, an ba da hayar kogon da bukkar kogon da ke kusa. Aikin gwaji na farko na kogon ya faru ne a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, bikin sake buɗewa a ranar Asabar mai tsarki, 22 ga Afrilu, 2000. A ƙarshen shekara, 14,554&nbsp;An ƙidaya baƙi a cikin kogon nunin. 

### Aikin kogo
A cikin 2009, an shigar da tasirin tasirin haske tare da diodes masu haske (LED) don haskaka kowane sassa na kogon cikin launuka daban-daban. Sabon hasken wutar ya kai kusan 25,000&nbsp;Yuro. Bikin kogon na farko ya gudana ne a watan Satumbar 2009. An shirya wani mataki na fadada kogon na biyu. Gina sabon tsarin shiga ya zama dole, domin tsohon masaukin kogon ya daina biyan bukatun yau.  Daga 2012, kogon ba a cika buɗewa ga jama'a ba saboda rufe masaukin, har sai da sabbin 'yan haya suka sake buɗe kogon da masauki a watan Mayu 2014. Sun kuma sake sa lambun dutsen na soyayya da Goetz ya kirkira. Bayan shekaru biyu, sun sake barin kasuwancin kuma kogon da gidan abinci sun kasance a rufe. Yawon shakatawa na kogon yana yiwuwa ne kawai ta alƙawura. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ana sayar da kogon. 

A cikin Fabrairu 2020, Ƙungiyar Goetz Cave ta sayar da kogon da ginin ga ɗan kasuwa kuma mai kamfanin Volker Reich. Bayan ingantaccen kimanta lafiyar da Ofishin Jiha da ke Kula da Muhalli, Ma'adinai da Kare Halitta ya yi, ya yi niyyar aiwatar da manyan gyare-gyare a wurin. Tare da garin, sabon mai shi yana son ƙirƙirar "duniya na abubuwan kogo" tare da abubuwan jan hankali ga yara da ingantaccen tallace-tallace da samun dama ga baƙi.  An sake buɗe kogon Goetz da masaukin "Zur Spalte" a ranar 3 ga Yuli, 2021.

## Manazarta