Basmah yar Saud Al Saud

**Basmah bint Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud** ( Arabic; an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Maris na shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da dari tara da sittin da hudu(v1964)) yar Saudiyya ce kuma yar gidan Al Saud wanda shahararriyar yar'kasuwa ce. Ta share wani lokaci na yarinta a Beirut, Lebanon. Sakamakon Yakin Basasa na Lebanon, da ita da mahaifiyarta, Princess Jamila bint Asad Ibrahim Marei, sun ƙaura zama tsakanin London da Amurka.  Gimbiya Basmah sananniya ce akan gabatar da Dokar Fourth Way. 

Gimbiya Basmah ita ce ƙaramar yarinya a wurin mahaifinta Sarki Saud. Mahaifiyarta Gimbiya Jamila ta yi ƙaura zuwa Saudi Arabiya daga birnin Latakia da ke tashar jirgin ruwa na Siriya. Ta kuma auri Abduan sarki Abdulaziz sarki kuma sarki Saud, wanda ya sami 'ya'ya bakwai. Part of Basmah's childhood was spent in Beirut, Lebanon. As a result of the Lebanese Civil War, she and her mother moved between London and the United States.   

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2019, maza ɗauke da maƙamai su 8 suka kama Basmah bint Saud lokacin da ta yi kokarin barin Saudi-Arabia don neman kulawar likita a Switzerland, kuma tun daga yanzu ba ta sake zama a gaban jama'a ba. An ba da rahoton cewa ana tsare da ita a gidan yarin Al-Hayer.  

## Farkon Rayuwa

An haife ta ne a ranar 1 ga watan Maris, shekarar alif 1964, a Riyad, Saudi Arabiya, Basmah (ko Basma) ita ce ta 115 kuma ƙarama daga cikin yaran Sarki Saud .   Mahaifiyarta wata mace ce ‘yar kasar Siriya ce, Jamila Merhi,  wacce aka zaba don mijinta na gaba yayin da ta ziyarci Makka kan aikin hajji .  

An haife Basmah ne a ƙarshen watanni na ƙarshen mahaifinta, a wannan watan aka hamɓare shi a matsayin mai mulki na ainihi a juyin mulkin. Ta gan shi sau biyu kawai lokacin da take shekaru biyar,  shekarar mutuwarsa. Mahaifiyarta sun tafi da ita zuwa yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya a lokacin, babban birnin Lebanon na Beirut . Lokacin da yakin basasa na Lebanon ya barke a shekarar alif 1975, dangin sun gudu zuwa Biritaniya .

## Karatu
A Beirut, Basmah bint Saud ta halarci makarantar Faransa. A Burtaniya, ta halarci makarantar ‘yan mata ta Hertfordshire da kwaleji a Landan, kafin ta shafe shekaru biyu tana karatu a Switzerland .  Basmah ta yi karatun likitanci, ilimin halayyar dan adam da kuma adabin Turanci a jami’ar Beirut Arab.  A shekarar alif 1979, ta kammala karatun sakandare a Kwalejin Shugabannin Amurka. 

Basmah ta yi tafiya tsakanin manyan biranen Turai da Amurka, inda ta yi karatu a jami’o’i daban-daban, kafin ta koma tare da mahaifiyarta zuwa Syria a shekarar alif 1983. Wadannan jami'o'in sun hada da Richmond a cikin Jami'ar Amurka a Lausanne, Switzerland, inda ta yi karatun kimiyyar zamantakewa. A shekarar alif 1984, ta sami Digiri na BSc (Hons) a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam daga Jami'ar Kasa ta Amurka, sannan a shekarar alif 1986, ta ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arziki da kimiyyar siyasa. 

## Rayuwar ta
A shekarar alif 1988, Princess Basmah ta auri Shuja bin Nami bin Shahin Al Sharif,  memba ne a gidan Al Sharif.  Sun rabu a shekarar 2007.  Ita ce mahaifiyar yara biyar.  ‘Ya’yanta, mata uku da’ ya’ya maza biyu, Saud, Sara, Samahir, Sohood da Ahmad.  

### Baƙi
Gimbiya Basmah ta ce wata kungiya ce ta yi mata aika-aika don mayar da kudi £ 320,000 zuwa asusun banki a kasar Masar. Barazanar ta kasance ta buga kayan gani da ke nuna shan sigarin ta da kuma sumbata a gaban kyamarar PC ba tare da mayafi a kai ba. Basmah ta ce an sace kayan ne daga kwamfutarta na sirri. Ko yaya, ta buga rikodin tattaunawa tsakanin ta da mai baƙar fata a shafinta na yanar gizo na YouTube.  Ta ce a Saudi Arabia ba daidai ba ne mata su fito ba tare da sanya hijabi ko sigari a cikin jama'a ba.  

## Kasuwanci
Bayan Basmah bint Saud ta sake maigidanta Saudiyya, ta kafa jerin gidajen abinci a Saudi Arabiya kuma tana shirin fadada wadannan zuwa Biritaniya.  A shekara ta 2008, ita ma ta kafa kamfanin Media, ban da kamfanonin dillalai, wadanda kuma ke shirin fadada.  

### Ra'ayoyi

Basmah bint Saud mai gabatar da kara ne dan kawo sauyi. Ta kasance mai aiki a matakin kungiyoyi daban-daban na zamantakewa da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam. Ta fara bayyana ra'ayinta a kafafan yada labarai na larabawa da na kasa da kasa, suna rubuta kasidu kan mawuyacin halin rayuwar Saudis, musamman na mata.  Ko yaya, sukar da take yi ba ta magana da dangin sarki kai tsaye sai dai gwamnonin Saudiyya da sauran masu rike da mukaman na tsakiya.   Da take rubutawa ga jaridar *Al Madina* a watan Afrilun shekara ta 2010, Basmah bint Saud ta ce ba za ta iya samun tushen Kur'ani ko na Islama ba ga wata hukuma don inganta nagarta da hana mataimakin, sannan ta kara da cewa kama da harbin da byan sandan addini suka yi. ga ba daidai ba ra'ayi game da addinin musulunci .  Ta bayar da goyan baya ga yin garambawul a cikin dokokin musulinci na Saudiyya dangane da haramcin hada haduwa tsakanin maza da mata, da kuma yin zabin ga matan musulmai da za su rufe mai kyau ko a'a.  

Jarida da sanya hotonta a yanar gizo sun jawo zargi, sannan ta fada wa *jaridar The Independent* cewa jami'an Saudiyya sun fara wallafa labaran da take yadawa.  A gefe guda, ta nace cewa matsayinta daga Jeddah zuwa Acton ba saboda matsin lamba bane daga masarautar Saudiyya.  Basmah bint Saud ya tambaye cikin rashin amfani da musulunci fiqh a Saudi jama'a, jayayya cewa addini kafa bukatar a sauya domin cewa shi taka wata muhimmiyar rawa a cikin zamani al'umma da kuma inganta halin da ake ciki na mata a cikin mulkin.  

A watan Afrilun shekara ta 2012, Basmah ya gaya wa BBC cewa akwai canje-canje da yawa da za ta so ta gani a Saudi Arabiya amma ba lokacin ne da za a ba mata damar tuƙi ba,  An ba wa matan Saudiyya dama a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake fasalin Sarki. Salman da Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman .  Basmah ya yi kira ga sauye-sauye dangane da kundin tsarin mulki, dokokin kashe aure, tauye tsarin ilimi, an yi cikakken gyara ga aiyukan zamantakewa da canje-canje a aikin mahram (mai kula da maza, yawanci dangi ne, da ake son dukkan matan Saudiyya su kasance).  Bayan cutar da dan kasar Saudiyya a matsayin hukuncin da Masarautar ta yanke, Princess Basmah ta yi Allah wadai da ita, tana mai cewa ba za a taba amincewa da dalilan jin kai ba.  

## Dokar Fourth Way
Ta hanyar cibiyar bincike, GURA, wanda ke a London, registeredungiyar Turai ta yi rajista da andungiyar Tarayyar Turai a cikin shekarar 2014. Gimbiya Basmah ta sami kyauta a cikin girmamawa ga kulawar ƙasa da ƙasa, canje-canje na yanki, ci gaba na ƙasa, kafa cibiyoyin horo a fannoni daban-daban da suka shafi al'adar Dokar Hanya Hanya ta huɗu a kan duniya, kamar tsaro, tattalin arziki da gudanarwa. An lura cewa kasashe da yawa, kamar Amurka da Biritaniya, suna daukar shawarwari daga Dokar Hanya Hanya yayin da suke yanke shawara kan batun hankali, muhalli da kuma tattalin arziki wanda sauran cibiyoyin bincike na kasa da kasa ba su tattauna ba. 

Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan shawarwarin shi ne shawarar Shugaba Obama na Amurka a cikin shekarar 2014 don aiwatar da wata doka don sanya ido kan shafukan yanar gizo na zamantakewar jama'a da kuma haɓaka ƙa'idoji na musamman a kanta. Wannan ra'ayin ya tashi ne lokacin da Princess Basmah ta ba da shawararta a cibiyar bincike a Jami'ar Yale da ke New York a 2011. Shugabannin kwamitocin daga Google, Yahoo da Microsoft sun halarci karatun ta. 

An kuma amince da sashe da yawa daga Dokar Hanya Hudu  wacce ta kware kan 'yancin ɗan adam a Biritaniya bayan da ta ba da wani laƙabin lacca a Jami'ar Cambridge a shekarar 2012.  A watan Yuli na shekara ta 2015, Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta karɓi duk shawarwarin da Princess Basmah ta bayar a cikin Hanya ta Hanya Hanya ta Hudu yayin zaman ta a Biritaniya. A shekarun (2011 da -2014).  

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Official website
* Basmah bint Saud Al Saud on Twitter