Grace Thorpe

**Grace Frances Thorpe**  (Disamba 10, 1921 - Afrilu 1, 2008) 'yar Amurka ce mai rajin kare muhalli kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Ta yi aiki tare da Rundunar Sojojin Mata kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta Tagulla don aikinta a matsayin Kofur a yakin neman zaben New Guinea . Ta halarci Jami'ar Tennessee da ke Knoxville da Makarantar Shari'a ta Antioch, sannan ta zama alkaliyar kotun gundumar ƙabila. A shekarar 1999, ta sami lambar yabo ta gaba ta 'Yancin Nukiliya saboda adawarta da adana sharar guba da rediyoaktif a ƙasar 'yan asalin ƙasar. 

Mahaifinta sanannen ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka kuma ɗan wasan Olympics Jim Thorpe .  Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Cibiyar Tarihin Indiya ta Amurka yana riƙe da tarin Grace F. Thorpe .

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Thorpe a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 1921, ga iyayenta James (Jim) Francis Thorpe (Sac da Fox) da Iva Margaret Miller.  Asalinta na ƙabila sun haɗa da Potawatomi, Kickapoo, Sac da Fox, da kuma zuri'ar Menominee, kuma ta fito ne daga zuriyar shugaban Sac da Fox Black Hawk .  An haife ta a Yale, Oklahoma a cikin gida ɗaya tilo da mahaifinta ya taɓa mallaka. Yanzu gidan tarihi ne, ana kiransa da " Gidan Jim Thorpe " kuma masu yawon buɗe ido za su iya ziyarta a duk shekara.  Grace ita ce ƙarama a cikin huɗu; an haifi babbar 'yar uwarta Gail Margaret a 1917, ɗan'uwanta James a 1918, da kuma 'yar'uwarta Charlotte Marie a 1919.  Ɗan'uwanta James ya mutu sakamakon cutar shan inna kafin ya kai ga ƙuruciya. 

A lokacin haihuwar Grace, mahaifinta, Jim Thorpe, ya riga ya lashe kyautar Olympics. Lokacin da Iva da Jim suka rabu a 1923, Jim ya koma California don neman fim, yayin da Iva ta ɗauki Charlotte, Gail, da Grace zuwa Chicago. Grace ta zauna tare da iyayen biyu tsawon shekaru da yawa kafin ta kammala makarantar sakandare.  Jim ya sake yin aure sau biyu a rayuwarsa, wanda ya ba Grace 'yan'uwa maza huɗu, waɗanda ba ta da mu'amala sosai da su.  Duk da haka, Grace ta kasance kusa da mahaifinta, kuma tana ziyartarsa akai-akai yayin da yake yawo a cikin ƙasar.

Grace tana son yin tafiya da kuma yi wa ƙasarta hidima a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu .  Duk da cewa ta yi tunanin kanta a wurare kamar Paris ko Athens, an tura ta aiki a matsayin kofur a Philippines, Japan, da New Guinea daga 1944 zuwa 1945.  Bayan an sauke ta daga aiki a 1945, ta ci gaba da zama a Japan. Ta fara aiki a Japan a hedikwatar Janar MacArthur a matsayin Babban Jami'in Sashen Daukar Ma'aikata, Sashen Fararen Hula na Sojoji, Tokyo. A watan Yunin 1946, ta auri Laftanar Fred W. Seely (1918-2008). Tare suka haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Dagmar Thorpe (1946) da Paul Thorpe (1948-1964), dukkansu an haife su a Japan. A 1950, ma'auratan sun sake su, Thorpe da 'ya'yanta suka bar Japan suka koma Amurka don zama a Pearl River, New York, kusa da gidan mahaifinta.  A shekarar 1967, Grace ta ƙaura zuwa Arizona kuma ta fara mai da hankali kan fafutukarta.

Grace Frances Thorpe ta mutu a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2008, sakamakon matsalolin da suka biyo bayan bugun zuciya.  Ana tunawa da ita saboda tarihinta na soja, shari'a, da kuma na masu fafutuka.

## Aikin soja
A shekarar 1943, Thorpe ta shiga aikin soja ta kuma shiga Rundunar Sojojin Mata (WAC) . Bayan ta halarci horo da kuma kammala karatunta daga Cibiyar Horarwa ta WAAC da ke Ft. Oglethorpe, Georgia, Thorpe ta sami matsayi na Kofur. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar ma'aikata ga Rundunar Sojojin Mata a Tucson da Camp White da ke Oregon har sai da aka tura ta yakin New Guinea. Daga baya aka tura ta aiki a Philippines da Japan. Daga baya aka ba ta Tauraron Tagulla saboda aikinta a yakin New Guinea . 

## Masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa

### Ma'aikatar Alcatraz
A ƙarshen 1969 da 1970, Grace Thorpe ta shiga ƙungiyar masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar a mamayar da suka yi a Tsibirin Alcatraz a bakin tekun San Francisco. Wannan aikin ya jawo hankalin ƙasa ga dogon tarihin koke-koken 'yan asalin ƙasar da masu fafutukar suka ji gwamnatin tarayya ta yi jinkirin magancewa. Wannan aikin ya nuna wani lokaci mai wahala ga masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Thorpe ta tuna a wata hira da aka yi da ita a rediyo, "Alcatraz shine abin da ya haifar da kuma mafi mahimmancin abin da ya faru a cikin ƙungiyar 'yan asalin ƙasar zuwa yau. Ya sa na sanya kayan daki na a cikin ma'ajiyar kayana kuma na kashe kuɗin rayuwata."  A lokacin aikin, ta gudanar da talla ga ƙungiyar kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shiga tsakani tsakanin masu fafutukar da gwamnatin tarayya. Ta sami nasarar samar da janareta, jirgin ruwa, da kuma sabis na motar asibiti ga ƙungiyar. Bayan Alcatraz, Thorpe ta ci gaba da shiga cikin fafutukar kare haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar, tana shiga cikin ƙarin ayyukan Fort Lawton, Washington a watan Maris na 1970 da kuma Nike Missile Base kusa da Davis, California a watan Nuwamba na 1970. 

### Majalisar Ƙasa ta 'Yan Asalin Amurka
Bayan ta shiga cikin ayyukan 1969 da 1970, Thorpe ta ci gaba da zama mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar Amurka, tana aiki musamman don ƙara damar tattalin arziki ga iyalan 'yan asalin ƙasar kan wuraren ajiyar kuɗi ta hanyar tura masana'antu su zauna a ƙasar 'yan asalin ƙasar. [1] Ta mayar da hankali musamman kan horar da ma'aikatan 'yan asalin ƙasar don ayyukan masana'antu, tana mai cewa a shekarar 1971 "babu dalilin da zai sa ba za mu iya horar da mutanenmu ba inda wasu masana'antu ke da makarantun horar da 'yan asalin ƙasar. Bari 'yan Indiya su horar da 'yan Indiya." [2]

## Manazarta