Hastings Banda

Hastings Kamuzu Banda (c. 1898 25 Nuwamba 1997) ɗan siyasan Malawi ne kuma ɗan jaha wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Malawi daga 1964 zuwa 1994. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista daga 'yancin kai a 1964 zuwa 1966, Onwe lokacin da Malawi ta zama mulkin mallaka. A shekarar 1966, kasar ta zama jamhuriya kuma ya zama shugaban kasa na farko a sakamakon haka, inda ya yi mulki har ya sha kaye a shekarar 1994.

Bayan ya sami yawancin iliminsa a fannin ilimin harshe, ilimin harshe, tarihi, da likitanci a ƙasashen waje, Banda ya koma Nyasaland don yin magana game da mulkin mallaka da kuma ba da shawarar 'yancin kai daga Birtaniya. An nada shi Firayim Minista na Nyasaland a hukumance, kuma ya jagoranci kasar zuwa 'yancin kai a 1964. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ya shelanta Malawi a matsayin jamhuriya tare da kansa a matsayin shugaban kasa na farko. Ya karfafa mulki sannan ya ayyana Malawi a matsayin kasa mai jam’iyya daya a karkashin jam’iyyar Malawi Congress Party (MCP). A 1970, MCP ya nada Banda shugaban jam'iyyar har abada. A 1971, ya zama shugaban kasa na rayuwar Malawi kanta. Shahararren shugaba mai adawa da kwaminisanci a Afirka, ya samu goyon baya daga kasashen Yamma a lokacin yakin cacar baka[2]. Gabaɗaya ya tallafa wa ’yancin mata, inganta abubuwan more rayuwa da kuma kiyaye tsarin ilimi mai kyau dangane da sauran ƙasashen Afirka

Koyaya, Banda ta jagoranci ɗaya daga cikin gwamnatocin da suka fi zalunci a Afirka, zamanin da ya ga abokan adawar siyasa ana azabtar da su akai-akai kuma ana kashe su.[1][2][3] Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun kiyasta cewa an kashe akalla mutane 6,000, an azabtar da su kuma an tsare su ba tare da shari'a ba.[4] An kashe mutane 18,000 a lokacin mulkinsa, bisa ga wani kimantawa. [5][6] An bayyana mulkinsa a matsayin "mai cin gashin kansa mai tsananin zalunci".[7] Banda ya kuma sami zargi don kiyaye cikakken dangantakar diflomasiyya tare da gwamnati wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta 1993, a cikin karuwar matsin lamba na cikin gida da na duniya, ya amince da gudanar da raba gardama wanda ya kawo karshen tsarin jam'iyya daya. Ba da daɗewa ba, wani taro na musamman ya kawo karshen shugabancin rayuwarsa kuma ya kwace shi da mafi yawan ikonsa. Banda ya tsaya takarar shugaban kasa a Zaben dimokuradiyya da ya biyo baya kuma an ci shi. Ya mutu a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1997.
## Farkon Rayuwa
Kamuzu Banda an haife shi Akim Kamn medicina Mtunthama Banda kusa da Kasungu a Malawi (a lokacin Afirka ta Tsakiya ta Burtaniya) ga Mphonongo Banda da Akupingamnyama Phiri . Ba a san ranar haihuwarsa ba, saboda ya faru ne lokacin da babu takardar rajistar haihuwa, amma Banda da kansa sau da yawa ya ba da ranar haihuwarta a matsayin 14 ga Mayu 1906. Daga baya, lokacin da aboki, Dokta Donal Brody ya gabatar da shaidar wasu al'adun kabilanci, Banda ya ce: "Babu wanda ya san sa'a, kwanan wata, watan ko shekarar da aka haife ni, kodayake yanzu na yarda da shaidar da ka ba ni - Maris ko Afrilu 1898. "

Ya bar makarantar ƙauyensa kusa da Mtunthama zuwa gidan kakanninsa na uwa kuma ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Chayamba a Chikondwa . A shekara ta 1908, ya koma tashar mishan ta Chilanga kuma an yi masa baftisma a shekara ta 1910.