Yanayin ƙasar Thailand

Thailand yana tsakiyar yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya.  Tana da jimlar girman murabba'in kilomita 513,120 (198,120 sq mi) wanda shine na 50 mafi girma a duniya.  Iyakar ƙasa tana da nisan kilomita 4,863 (3,022 mi) tare da Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos da Malaysia.  Matsayin axial na al'umma ya rinjayi bangarori da dama na al'ummar Thailand.[1]  Yana sarrafa hanyar kasa daya tilo daga Asiya zuwa Malaysia da Singapore.  Tana da keɓantaccen yanki na tattalin arziki mai faɗin murabba'in kilomita 299,397 (sq mi 115,598).

## Yanayin jiki
Yankin ambaliyar ruwa mai kyau da yanayin zafi na wurare masu zafi, wanda ya dace da noman shinkafa mai laushi (tham na), ya ja hankalin mazauna zuwa wannan yankin na tsakiya da fifiko ga tsaunuka masu tsawo na yankin arewa ko Khorat Plateau zuwa arewa maso gabas.

A ƙarni na 11 AD, yawancin jihohin shinkafa da kasuwanci da ke da alaƙa da juna sun bunƙasa a saman kwarin Chao Phraya .  Sun tsere daga mamayar Daular Khmer, amma daga tsakiyar karni na 14 sannu a hankali sun shiga ƙarƙashin ikon Masarautar Ayutthaya a kudancin iyakar ambaliyar.

Babban birane masu zuwa, waɗanda aka gina a wurare daban-daban a gefen kogi, sun zama cibiyoyin manyan masarautun Thai bisa ga noman shinkafa da kasuwancin ƙasashen waje. Ba kamar makwabta Khmer da Burmese ba, Thai sun ci gaba da kallon waje a fadin Tekun Thailand da Tekun Andaman zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na kasashen waje.

Lokacin da Mulkin mallaka na Turai na kudu maso gabashin Asiya ya kawo sabon mataki a kasuwancin kudu maso gabobin Asiya a ƙarshen shekarun 1800, Thailand (wanda aka sani a lokacin da Siam) ya sami damar kula da 'yancin kansa a matsayin yanki mai karewa tsakanin Burma da ke karkashin ikon Burtaniya zuwa yamma da Indochina da ke karkashin mulkin Faransa zuwa gabas,  amma ya rasa sama da 50% na yankinsa a cikin tsari. Yawancin yankunan da suka ɓace sun ƙunshi mutanen da ba 'yan Thai ba (Khmer, Lao ko Shan). Yankin da ake magana da harshen Thai ya kasance ba shi da lalacewa.

## Yankin

### Yankunan ƙasa

* Jimillar: kilomita  (3,022  
* Kasashen iyaka: Myanmar   , Kambodiya   , Laos   , Malaysia    

* Jimillar: kilomita  (2,000  

* **Territorial sea:** 
* **Exclusive economic zone:**  and 
* **Continental shelf:**  depth or to the depth of exploitation

## Yanayin ƙasa da magudanar ruwa

Abubuwan da suka fi fitowa fili na yankin Thailand sune manyan duwatsu, fili na tsakiya, da tudun tudu.]Tunukan sun mamaye yawancin arewacin Thailand kuma sun shimfiɗa kan iyakar Myanmar har zuwa cikin Kra Isthmus da Malay Peninsula.  Tsarin Chao Phraya yana malala kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yankin ƙasar.] A yankin arewa maso gabashin ƙasar Khorat Plateau, yanki ne mai jujjuyawar tsaunuka a hankali da tafkuna marasa zurfi, yana magudanar ruwa zuwa kogin Mekong ta kogin Mun.[1]  Tsarin Mekong yana shiga cikin tekun Kudancin China kuma ya haɗa da jerin magudanan ruwa da madatsun ruwa.

Together, the Chao Phraya and Mekong systems sustain Thailand's agricultural economy by supporting wet-rice cultivation and providing waterways for the transport of goods and people. In contrast, the distinguishing natural features of peninsular Thailand are long coastlines, offshore islands, and mangrove swamps. A recent global remote sensing analysis suggested that there were  of tidal flats in Thailand, making it the 45th ranked country in terms of tidal flat extent.

## Yankin

:* Jimillar:  kilomita 513,121 (198,117 sq  matsayi na ƙasa a duniya: 50th
:** Matsayi na ƙasa a duniya: 50th*Na 50*
:* Ƙasa:  kilomita 510,890 (197,260 sq  
:* Ruwa:  kilomita 2,230 (860 sq  

; Yankin - kwatankwacin
:* Kwatanta Ostiraliya: dan kadan kasa da uku / uku girman New South Wales 
:* Kwatanta Kanada: kusan 1 / 3⁠ girman Quebec 
:* Kwatanta Amurka: dan kadan fiye da sau biyu girman Oregon
:* Kwatanta United Kingdom: kusan yawanci na Ingila 
:* Kwatanta EU: dan kadan ya fi Spain girma

## Abubuwa masu tsanani
Yankunan da suka fi tsayi a yankin

* Yankin arewacin: iyakar Myanmar, Gundumar Mae Sai, Lardin Chiang Rai, a 20°28′N 99°57′E / 20.467°N 99.950°E / 20.467; 99.950
* Yankin kudu: iyakar Malaysia, Gundumar Betong, Lardin Yala, a 5°37′N 101°8′E / 5.617°N 101.133°E / 5.717; 101.133.
* Yankin gabas: iyakar Laos, Gundumar Khong Chiam, Lardin Ubon Ratchathani, a 15°38′N 105°38′E / 15.633°N 105.633°E / 15.633; 105.6363.
* Yammacin Yamma: iyakar Myanmar, Gundumar Mae Sariang, Lardin Mae Hong Son, a 18°34′N 97°21′E / 18.567°N 97.350°E / 18.567; 97.350

* Matsayi mafi girma: Doi Inthanon, mita 2,565 (8,415 , a 18°35′32′′N 98°29′12′′E / 18.59222°N 98.48667°E / 18. 59222; 98.486.67
* Matsayi mafi ƙasƙanci: Tekun Thailand, mita 0 - matakin teku

## Yankuna

Majalisar Bincike ta Kasa ta raba Thailand zuwa yankuna shida, bisa ga siffofin halitta ciki har da siffofi da magudanar ruwa, da kuma al'adun al'adun ɗan adam. Su ne:

* Yankin Arewa
* Yankin Arewa maso Gabas
* Yankin Tsakiya
* Yankin Gabas
* Yankin Yamma
* Yankin Kudu 

Kodayake Bangkok a fannin ƙasa yana cikin tsakiya na tsakiya, a matsayin babban birni kuma birni mafi girma ana iya la'akari da wannan babban birni a wasu fannoni a matsayin yanki daban.

Kowane yanki na ƙasa guda shida ya bambanta da sauran a cikin yawan jama'a, albarkatun asali, siffofin halitta, da matakin ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Bambancin yankuna a zahiri shine mafi girman halayyar yanayin jiki na Thailand.

### Arewacin Thailand
Arewacin Thailand yanki ne mai tsaunuka. Tsawon tsaunuka masu layi daya sun fito ne daga Daen Lao Range, a yankin kudancin Shan Hills, a arewa maso kudu, Dawna Range (??) wanda ke samar da iyakar yammacin Thailand tsakanin Mae Hong Son da Kogin Salween,  Thanon Thong Chai Range (เท Oppongก Oppong Sharing),  Khun Tan Range (ดอยขุนานต), Phi Pan Nam Range (??, a matsayin yankin yammacin Praang).

Waɗannan tsaunuka masu tsayi suna ƙazantar da ƙoramomi masu tudu da wuraren tuddai waɗanda ke kan iyakar tsakiyar fili.[1]  Yawancin koguna, ciki har da Nan, Ping, Wang, da Yom, sun haɗu a cikin ƙananan wurare na yankin arewa da ƙasa na tsakiya.  Kogin Ping da Kogin Nan sun haɗu don samar da kogin Chao Phraya.  Yankin arewa maso gabas yana gudana ne ta koguna da ke kwarara cikin kwarin Mekong, kamar Kok da Ing.  Ruwan ruwa na Thi Lo Su da ke lardin Tak ana da'awar shi ne ruwa mafi tsayi da tsayi a Thailand..

.    A al'adance, waɗannan siffofi na halitta sun ba da damar nau'o'in noma iri-iri, gami da noman rigar shinkafa a cikin kwaruruka da canjin noma a cikin tuddai.  Duwatsun dazuzzukan kuma sun inganta ruhin 'yancin kai na yanki.[ Dazuzzuka, da suka hada da tudun teak da sauran itatuwa masu fa'ida na tattalin arziki waɗanda a da suka mamaye arewa da sassan arewa maso gabas, sun ragu a shekarun 1980 zuwa 130,000km2. A cikin 1961 sun rufe kashi 56% na ƙasar, amma a tsakiyar 1930% na ƙasar Thailand ya ragu zuwa ƙasa da kashi 1980 cikin ɗari.

### Arewa maso gabashin Thailand
The northeast, with its poor soils, also is not favoured agriculturally. However, sticky rice, the staple food of the region, which requires flooded, poorly drained paddy fields, thrives and where fields can be flooded from nearby streams, rivers and ponds, often two harvests are possible each year. Cash crops such as sugar cane and manioc are cultivated on a vast scale, and to a lesser extent, rubber. Silk production is an important cottage industry and contributes significantly to the economy.

Yankin ya kunshi mafi yawan busassun Khorat Plateau wanda a wasu sassan yana da faɗi sosai, da kuma wasu ƙananan tuddai masu tsawo da duwatsu, Dutsen Phu Phan .  Gajeren lokacin ruwan sama yana kawo ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani a cikin kwarin kogi. Ba kamar yankunan da suka fi dacewa a Thailand ba, arewa maso gabas yana da dogon lokacin fari, kuma yawancin ƙasar an rufe shi da ciyawa. Duwatsu suna kewaye da tudu a yamma da kudu, kuma Mekong yana tsara yawancin arewa da gabashin. Wasu nau'ikan magungunan gargajiya, musamman na Genus Curcuma, dangin Zingiberaceae, 'yan asalin yankin ne.

"Zuciyar", tsakiyar Thailand, wani kwandon da ke da kansa ne wanda ake kira "kwandon shinkafa na Asiya". Tsarin ban ruwa mai rikitarwa wanda aka haɓaka don aikin gona mai laushi a wannan yankin ya ba da tallafin tattalin arziki da ake buƙata don ci gaba da ci gaban jihar Thai daga karni na 13 na Masarautar Sukhothai zuwa Bangkok ta zamani.

A nan wuri mai laushi wanda ba ya canzawa ya sauƙaƙa ruwa da sufuri na hanya. Yankin mai kyau ya sami damar ci gaba da yawan jama'a, mutane 422 a kowace murabba'in kilomita a 1987, idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin 98 ga ƙasar gaba ɗaya. Yankin yankin ya mamaye Chao Phraya da masu ba da gudummawa da kuma gonakin paddy.

Babban Birnin Bangkok, cibiyar kasuwanci, sufuri, da ayyukan masana'antu, tana kan gefen kudancin yankin a kan Tekun Thailand kuma ya haɗa da wani ɓangare na Chao Phraya delta.

### Gabashin Thailand
Gabashin Thailand yana tsakanin Sankamphaeng Range, wanda ya zama iyakar arewa maso gabashin tudu zuwa arewa, da Gulf of Thailand zuwa kudu. Yankin yammacin tsaunukan Cardamom, wanda aka sani a Thailand da *Thio Khao Banthat*, ya kai ga gabashin Thailand. Yanayin yankin yana da gajerun tsaunuka da ke canzawa tare da ƙananan koguna waɗanda ke shiga cikin Tekun Thailand.

'Ya'yan itace babban bangare ne na noma a yankin, kuma yawon bude ido yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattalin arziki. Yanayin bakin teku na yankin ya taimaka wajen inganta ci gaban masana'antu na Gabashin Gabas, babban abu ne a cikin tattalin arzikin yankin.

### Yammacin Thailand
Tsawon iyakar tsaunuka ta Thailand tare da Myanmar ya ci gaba da kudu daga arewa zuwa yammacin Thailand tare da Tenasserim Hills, wanda aka sani a Thailand da *Thio Khao Tanaosi*. Yanayin yankin yammacin Thailand, kamar arewa, yana da tsaunuka masu tsawo da kwarin kogi.

### Kudancin Thailand
2" href="./Southern_Thailand" id="mwAaE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Southern Thailand">Kudancin Thailand, wani ɓangare na karamin tsibirin, ya bambanta da yanayi, ƙasa, da albarkatu. Tattalin arzikinta ya dogara ne akan yawon bude ido, da man dabino da gonakin roba. A cikin Lardin Krabi, alal misali, gonakin dabino sun mamaye rai 980,000 (1,568 km2), ko 52% na gonar lardin. Sauran hanyoyin samun kudin shiga sun hada da gonakin kwakwa, hakar ma'adinai.&nbsp;

Yankin da ke juyawa da tsaunuka da kuma rashin manyan koguna sune siffofi masu mahimmanci na kudu. Tsakanin tsaunuka na arewa maso kudu da gandun daji mai zafi da ba za a iya shiga ba sun haifar da warewa da farko da rarraba ci gaban siyasa na wannan yankin. Tafkin Songkhla shine tafkin halitta mafi girma a Thailand. 

Samun damar kasa da kasa ta hanyar Tekun Andaman da Tekun Thailand ya sanya kudu a kan hanyar Buddha ta Theravada, wanda ke tsakiyar Nakhon Si Thammarat, da Islama, musamman a tsohuwar Masarautar Pattani a kan iyaka da Malaysia.

### Yankuna
Yankunan Thailand sun kasu kashi 76 a siyasa tare da Bangkok, wanda yanki ne na musamman.

Yanayin Thailand yana rinjayar iskar yanayi (kudu maso yamma da arewa maso gabas).  : 2 

Yawancin Thailand suna da nau'in "mai laushi da bushe ko yanayin savanna" (Köppen's Tropical savanna climate).  Yawancin kudanci da kuma gabas mai zurfi suna da yanayin zafi mai zafi. Sassan kudancin suma suna da Yanayin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi.

* Lokacin ruwan sama ko kudu maso yammacin ruwan sama (tsakiyar Mayu zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba) ya mamaye mafi yawan ƙasar. : 2 Ruwa mai laushi yana motsawa daga Tekun Indiya zuwa Thailand, yana haifar da ruwan sama mai yawa a mafi yawan ƙasar. Agusta da Satumba sune lokacin da ya fi ruwan sama a shekara. : 2 Wannan na iya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a wasu lokuta. : 4 Baya ga ruwan sama da ya haifar da kudu maso yamma, Yankin Intertropical Convergence (ITCZ) da guguwa na wurare masu zafi suma suna taimakawa wajen samar da ruwan sama mai yawa a lokacin ruwan sama. Rashin bushewa yawanci yana faruwa na mako daya zuwa biyu daga Yuni zuwa farkon Yuli. : 4 Wannan ya faru ne saboda motsi na arewacin ITCZ zuwa kudancin China. : 4 

* Ruwan arewa maso gabas, mai aiki daga Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu, yana kawo iska mai sanyi da bushe daga China a kan mafi yawan Thailand. : 2 A kudancin Thailand, ruwan sama na arewa maso gabas yana kawo yanayi mai sauƙi da ruwan sama mai yawa a gabashin gabar gabashin wannan yankin. : 2 Koyaya yawancin Thailand suna fuskantar yanayin bushewa da yanayin zafi mai sauƙi a wannan kakar. : 2: 4 Wani banda shi ne kudancin Thailand wanda ke samun ruwan sama mai yawa, musamman a lokacin Oktoba zuwa Nuwamba. : 2 

* Lokacin bazara, ko lokacin damina, yana gudana daga tsakiyar Fabrairu har zuwa tsakiyar Mayu kuma yana kawo yanayin zafi. : 3 

Due to their inland location and latitude, the north, northeast, central, and eastern parts of Thailand experience a long period of warm weather. During the hottest time of the year (March to May), temperatures usually reach up to  or more, with the exception of coastal areas where sea breezes moderate afternoon temperatures. In contrast, outbreaks of cold air from China can bring colder temperatures; in some areas (particularly the north and northeast) close to or below . Southern Thailand has mild weather year-round, with less diurnal and seasonal variations in temperatures, due to maritime influences.

Yawancin ƙasar suna samun ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na  zuwa 1,600  in).  Koyaya, wasu yankuna a gefen iska na tsaunuka kamar Lardin Ranong a yammacin gabar tekun kudancin Thailand da gabashin Lardin Trat suna karɓar sama da   in) na ruwan sama a kowace shekara. Yankunan da suka fi bushewa sune bangarorin leeward na kwarin tsakiya da kuma yankin arewacin kudancin Thailand, inda ruwan sama na shekara-shekara bai kai 1,200 mm (47 in). 

Yawancin Thailand (arewa, arewa maso gabas, tsakiya, da gabas) suna da yanayin bushewa a lokacin ruwan sama na arewa maso gabar da ruwan sama mai yawa a lokacin ruwan kasa na kudu maso yamma. : 4 A yankunan kudancin Thailand, ruwan sama mai yawa yana faruwa a duk lokacin arewa maso gabas da kudu maso yamma, tare da mafi girma a watan Satumba don gabar yamma da kuma mafi girma a cikin Nuwamba-Janairu a gabar gabashin. : 4 

## Albarkatarwa da amfani da ƙasa

### Albarkatun halitta

* Tin, roba, iskar gas, tungsten, tantalum, katako, gubar, kifi, gypsum, lignite, Fluorite, ƙasar noma.