Dokar muhalli a Victoria

**Dokar muhalli a Victoria** ta shafi dokokin da matakan shari'a da aka dauka don kare lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli da kuma magance Batutuwan muhalli a Ostiraliya da ke faruwa a jihar Victoria, Ostiraliya

## Dokokin Tarayya

### Dokar Kare Muhalli da Kare Biodiversity 1999 (Dokar EPBC)
Dokar Kare Muhalli da Dokar Kare Muhimmanci ta 1999 ita ce babbar dokar muhalli ta Ostiraliya. Yana ƙirƙirar tsarin doka don kare wurare, shuke-shuke, dabbobi, mazauna da wuraren tarihi. Wannan aikin ya kuma kafa dokoki game da cinikin dabbobi na ƙasa ko na duniya.

## Ayyuka da Dokokin Victorian

### Ayyuka na Gaba ɗaya

#### ''Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 1970''
Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 1970 ta kafa Hukumar Kare Muhalli, ikon doka mai zaman kanta na Victoria da mai kula da muhalli kuma ya tsara ka'idojin da ke tsara aikinta.

#### ''Dokar Kare Muhalli ta Kasa (Victoria) 1995''
Wannan Dokar ta dace da waɗanda ke cikin wasu jihohi da Common wealth kuma ta kirkiro Majalisar Kare Muhalli ta Kasa (NEPC) wanda burin ita ce tabbatar da hana gurɓataccen iska, ruwa, ƙasa da hayaniya a Ostiraliya. Don cimma wannan burin, NEPC tana yin Matakan Kare Muhalli na Kasa (NEPM) kuma tana saka idanu kan aiwatar da waɗannan matakan.

***Dokar Canjin Yanayi ta 2017***

Wannan Dokar ta haifar da burin fitar da hayaki a shekarar 2050 ta hanyar buƙatar Gwamnati ta aiwatar da dabarun kowane shekaru biyar.

#### ''Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 2017''
Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 2017 ta sauya mayar da hankali ga kare muhalli daga martani zuwa rigakafi,  yana mai da shi tilastawa don rage tasirin gurɓata kafin ya faru. Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 2018 ce ta yi gyare-gyare a wannan aikin kuma an gabatar da ita a cikin 2021.

Babban ci gaba:

* Ya kafa ka'idoji 11 na kare muhalli:
*# Ka'idar hadewar muhalli, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki
*# Ka'idar daidaito
*# Ka'idar farko ta rigakafi
*# Ka'idar raba alhakin
*# Ka'idar mai gurɓataccen ƙasa
*# Ka'idar tsarin kula da sharar gida
*# Ka'idar yanke shawara ta hanyar shaida
*# Ka'idar kariya
*# Ka'idar Daidaitawa
*# Ka'idar lissafi
*# Ka'idar kiyayewa
* Ya gabatar da Babban Ma'aikatar Muhalli don rage haɗari a kan muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam.
* Ya kafa tsarin doka don kare muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam daga gurɓataccen yanayi da sharar gida.
* Yana ƙirƙirar tsari game da kula da sharar gida.
* Yana ba da tsarin aikata laifuka da hukuncin farar hula.
* Yana ba da tsarin magunguna na farar hula da umarnin diyya.
* Yana inganta ikon EPA:
** EPA yanzu na iya bayarwa da ba da lasisi da izini don tsara gurɓataccen da masu gurɓata ke fitarwa.
** EPA ta tabbatar da bin Dokar kuma tana iya buƙatar mataki daga masu gurɓata don sarrafa haɗari ga muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam. Wannan ya ɓace daga Dokar 1970 kamar yadda EPA ba za ta iya hukunta kamfanonin gurɓata ba.

### Kare namun daji

#### ''Dokar namun daji ta 1975''
Dokar namun daji da ƙarin ƙa'idodin da ke da alaƙa suna ba da tsari don mallaka, sarrafawa, kiwo da hulɗa gaba ɗaya tare da namun daji. Sun kuma kafa tsari game da ceto da farfado da namun daji ta hanyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun.

#### ''Dokar Tabbacin Flora da Fauna ta 1988''
Dokar Tabbatar da Flora da Fauna tana da niyyar karewa da kiyaye halittu iri-iri ta hanyar yin jerin nau'o'in da al'ummomin da ke fuskantar barazana.

#### ''Dokar Gidajen Gidaje (Tashi) ta 2004''
Dokar Kayan Kayan Kudancin tana da niyyar kare namun daji daga Girbi na katako a yankunan asali. The Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 ya kara kafa ka'idoji da dabarun gudanarwa don girbi na katako na kasuwanci a Victoria.

### Tsaro na Ruwa

#### ''Rashin Ruwan da Mai da Dokar Abubuwa Masu Ruwa ta 1986''
Wannan Dokar ta aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Marpol ta 1973 kuma tana da niyyar kare teku da ruwa daga gurɓataccen mai da abubuwa.

#### ''Dokar Ruwa ta 1989''
Dokar Ruwa ta 1989 ta tabbatar da amfani da albarkatun ruwa mai kyau da alhakin a duk faɗin Victoria.

#### ''Dokar Ruwa (Management) 2005 (Victoria) ''
Dokar Ruwa (Resource Management) ta gyara Dokar Ruwa daga 1989 kuma ta kirkiro Hakkin muhalli, wanda haƙƙin doka ne don ɗaukar ruwa da amfani da shi don kula da Ma'aikatar Ruwa ta Muhalli.

## Dubi kuma

* Tsarin shari'a na Australiya
* Batutuwan muhalli a Ostiraliya
* Batutuwan muhalli a Melbourne
* Muhalli na Ostiraliya

## Bayanan da aka ambata