Canjin yanayi a Maine

**Canjin yanayi a [[Maine (Tarayyar Amurka)|Maine]]** ya ƙunshi tasirin canjin yanayi, wanda aka danganta da karuwar da mutum ya yi a cikin carbon dioxide, methane, da nitrous oxides, a cikin jihar Maine ta Amurka. Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ta ba da rahoton cewa Maine ta yi zafi kusan digiri uku na F tun daga shekara ta 1900. Matsayin teku a Maine ya tashi inci takwas tun daga shekarun 1950.

A watan Yulin 2019, Gwamna Janet Mills ta sanya hannu kan dokar jam'iyyun biyu da nufin magance tasirin canjin yanayi. Wani rahoto na shekara ta  2022 daga Cibiyar Ci gaba da Ci gaba da Jami'ar New Hampshire da Union of Concerned Scientists sun gano cewa Maine tana jagorantar dukkan sauran jihohin New England a cikin martani na canjin yanayi. Sau da yawa ana ambaton Reanalyzer na Yanayi a Jami'ar Maine a cikin rahotanni na labarai na kasa da na duniya game da raƙuman zafi da canjin yanayi.

## Karin zafin jiki da sauya yanayin hazo

Maine tana fuskantar karin ruwan sama da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na ruwan sama mai tsanani sakamakon sauyin yanayi. Wannan na iya kara tsananin ambaliyar ruwa da fari. Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta ba da rahoton cewa tsakanin shekara ta  1895 da shekarar  2011 matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a Arewa maso gabas ya karu da 10%. A cikin shekara ta  2022, Ofishin Yanayi na Maine ya ba da rahoton cewa jihar ta sami kusan inci takwas fiye da ruwan sama na jihar a cikin karni na ƙarshe. A watan Yulin shekarar 2023, yankin Portland ya kafa rikodin zafi lokacin da na kwanaki 32 ƙananan zafin jiki bai taɓa sauka ƙasa da digiri 60 ba wanda shine mafi tsawo na sama da digiri 60 na yanayin zafi na dare tun lokacin da aka fara rikodin a cikin shekara ta  1940.

## Hawan matakin teku, asarar wuri mai laushi, da ambaliyar bakin teku

Matsayin teku a Maine ya tashi inci takwas tun daga shekarun 1950. Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa matakin teku zai tashi a Maine kusan ƙafa daya da rabi a cikin shekaru 25 masu zuwa. A cikin shekara ta 2023, Maine Public ta ba da rahoton cewa duk da waɗannan tsinkaye "darajar gidajen bakin teku ta tashi sosai. "

Al'ummar Camp Ellis a Saco suna raguwa suna ɓacewa a ƙarƙashin teku shekaru da yawa. Wani rahoto na  shekarar 2023 daga Hukumar Shirye-shiryen da Ci Gaban Kudancin Maine ya gano fiye da kadarori 3,500 a Wells, Kennebunk, da York tare da jimlar darajar dala miliyan 645 waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa daga sa ran karuwar ƙafa 1.6 a cikin hauhawar matakin teku a cikin shekaru 30 masu zuwa.

Ambaliyar ruwa ta Portland ta Janairun shekarar 2024 ta haifar da lalacewa ga gine-ginen Portland da yawa a kan tashar jiragen ruwa kuma suna kusa da bakin teku.

Portsmouth Naval Shipyard yana shirin sabuntawa na dala biliyan 2 na wuraren yadi, wanda ya haɗa da matakai don karewa daga raƙuman ruwa mafi girma, guguwar guguwa, da haɗari mai haɗari na duka biyun. Kungiyar Masana kimiyya masu damuwa, wacce ta bayar da rahoto na shekarar 2016 game da shirye-shiryen soja don canjin yanayi, ta kiyasta cewa ambaliyar ruwa a tashar jiragen ruwa na iya tashi daga kwanakin ambaliyar 10 na yanzu a shekara zuwa kwanaki 80 zuwa 190 na ambaliyar mmiri a kowace shekara.

Ambaliyar ruwa da hauhawar matakin teku suna ƙara lalacewar guguwa kuma suna lalata rairayin bakin teku da wuraren da ke da ruwa. Ayyukan cikawa a cikin filayen ruwa sun rage ambaliyar ruwa da mazaunin namun daji. Gine-gine da ababen more rayuwa na bakin teku sun fi fuskantar rauni.

## Tsarin halittu
"Changar yanayi yana barazana ga tsarin halittu ta hanyar rushe dangantakar da ke tsakanin jinsuna. Fure-fure na daji da bishiyoyi masu tsayi suna furewa - kuma tsuntsaye masu ƙaura suna zuwa - da wuri a cikin bazara. Ba duk jinsunan da ke daidaitawa a cikin wannan hanyar ba, duk haka, abincin da jinsin da jinsin jinsin da ake buƙata ba zai iya kasancewa ba da damar samun lokacin da wannan jinsin ya isa ga ƙaurawarsu. Yanayin zafi yana ba da damar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu zafi su zama ƙwayoyin daji, wanda ke kusa da ƙwayoyin hawanƙara.

### Raguwar Phytoplankton a cikin Tekun Maine
Masu bincike a Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences suna sa ido kan Tekun Maine na tsawon shekaru 25. Phytoplankton sune tsire-tsire masu mahimmanci a kasan jerin abinci. Bayanan sun nuna cewa yawan amfanin phytoplankton a cikin Gulf of Maine ya ragu da kashi 65% tsakanin 2001 da 2018.

### Algae Flooms masu lahani a cikin Tekun Maine

Furewar algae mai cutarwa (HAB) yana faruwa ne lokacin da algae mai samar da guba ya girma sosai a cikin ruwa. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarfi kuma ana samun nau'in algae wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga cututtukan algae masu cutarwa shine Pseudo-nitzschia . Yawancin jinsuna a cikin Pseudo-nitzschia suna samar da domoic acid, neurotoxin wanda ke tarawa a cikin kifi, yana haifar da rashin lafiya a cikin mutane da dabbobi na ruwa bayan cinyewa. HABs suna faruwa ne lokacin da yanayi a cikin ruwa ke da hyper-conducive don ci gaban algae kuma adadin algae, a mafi yawan lokuta Pseudo-nitzschia, yana girma sosai.

A cikin Gulf of Maine, faruwar HABs sun karu tare da mutane da yawa da ke danganta shi da canjin yanayi. HABs sun tilasta rufe wasu gadajen shellfish na New England don girbi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wanda ya haifar da raguwa a cikin kayan abinci na yankin, mussel da oyster. Yaduwar cutar a shekara ta 2005 da  shekarar 2008 sun kasance masu cutarwa musamman, wanda ya haifar da rufewa mai tsawo.

Sakamakon canjin yanayi ya bambanta kuma yana da faɗi, da yawa daga cikinsu suna taimakawa wajen ƙara kasancewar HAB. Matsayi mafi girma na carbon dioxide a cikin iska da ruwa na iya haifar da saurin girma na algae. Ƙarin matakan teku zai haifar da ruwa mai zurfi da kwanciyar hankali na bakin teku, yanayin da ya dace don ci gaban algae. Algae masu lahani yawanci suna fure a lokacin bazara mai zafi ko kuma lokacin da yanayin ruwa ya fi zafi fiye da yadda aka saba. Ruwa mai zafi saboda canjin yanayi na iya tallafawa furewar algae masu cutarwa kamar *Pseudo-nitzschia.*

A cikin shekara ta 2023, masana kimiyya suna bin diddigin babban fure na phytoplankton mai guba, *Tripos muelleri*, wanda ya rufe kashi ɗaya bisa uku na Gulf of Maine mai murabba'in kilomita 36,000. 

### Farin faduwa

Gabaɗaya, kashi 20% zuwa 25% na masu yawon bude ido na Maine suna zuwa jihar don ganin nune-nunen da ke cikin bishiyoyin Maine. fari a lokacin watanni na rani da yawan zafin jiki mai zafi a cikin fall sun shafi lokacin da ganyayyaki suka canza launi. Yanayin zafi yana jinkirta farawar canjin faduwar ganye. Masanin kimiyya Stephanie Spera ya auna cewa ranar faduwar ganye na Maine yanzu kusan kwanaki 10 ne bayan haka fiye da yadda yake a cikin shekarun 1950.