Marjorie Oludhe Macgoye

An haifi Marjorie Phyllis Oludhe Macgoye (21 Oktoba 1928 - 1 Disamba 2015) a Southampton, Ingila, amma ta yi hijira zuwa Kenya jim kadan bayan Kenya ta sami 'yancin kai.  Mawaƙiya ce, marubuciya, kuma mai sayar da littattafai na mishan. Ta yi karatun digirinta na farko da na biyu a Jami’ar Landan . A cikin 1954, ta ƙaura zuwa Kenya don sayar da littattafai, kuma, a wurin, ta sadu da Daniel Oludhe Macgoye, likita, kuma sun yi aure a 1960.  Ta zama ‘yar kasar Kenya a shekarar 1964.￼

Bayan ta yi hijira zuwa Kenya, ta fara neman sana'a don zama marubuci. Da farko, ta buga labarai a cikin mujallu; yayin da nasarar ta ya girma, ta fara rubuta ayyukan da suka fi tsayi. A farkon 1970, an buga litattafanta da wakoki. Ta sami lambobin yabo ga yawancin littattafanta, gami da Girma a Makarantar Lina (1971) da Kisa a Majengo (1972), amma mafi kyawun littafinta shine Zuwan Haihuwa (1986). Littattafanta da suka sami lambar yabo sun nuna rayuwar wata macen Kenya a lokacin 1956–1978.￼

## Rayuwar farko

An haifi Marjorie Phyllis King a ranar 21 ga Oktoba 1928 a Southampton, Ingila, ga Phyllis (née Woolcott) da Richard King.   Mahaifinta ya fara aiki a matsayin koyo a filin jirgin ruwa na Vosper Thornycroft kuma mahaifiyarta malami ce. Yaro tilo, Marjorie ta gama karatun sakandare a 1945 kuma ta yi karatun Ingilishi a Kwalejin Royal Holloway, Jami'ar London . Ta yi aiki a Foyles bookshop da ke Landan bayan ta kammala kwaleji. Ta sami digiri na biyu a Turanci daga Birkbeck College, Jami'ar London, bayan shekaru takwas. 

## Sana'a da aure
Macgoye ya tafi Kenya saboda neman aiki ga Ƙungiyar Mishan ta Coci (CMS), wanda ya kai ga tayin tayin gudanar da kantin sayar da littattafai na CMS a Nairobi . A shekarar 1954, lokacin da ta isa kasar Kenya, kasar na fama da rikicin mulkin mallaka, kuma tana cikin wani hali mai tsanani. Ta shiga ayyukan karantarwa ga ’yan Afirka, kuma ta kan ba da littattafan Kirista ga fursunoni mata a gidan yarin Remand a Nairobi. A can ta hadu da Daniel Oludhe Macgoye, jami'in kiwon lafiya, kuma suka yi aure a 1960. Ma'auratan sun koma asibitin Alupe Leprosy Mission, kusa da iyakar Kenya da Uganda, kuma tsakanin 1961 zuwa 1966, sun haifi 'ya'ya hudu tare: Phyllis, George, Francis da Lawrence. 

A farkon rabin shekarun 1960, Marjorie ta koyar a Kisumu, kuma ta fara shiga cikin al'ummar Luo wadda mijinta da danginsa suke, da koyon yarenta, tarihi, al'adu da al'adunta, al'ummar Luo har ma sun sanya mata suna "mahaifiya". da Gem". Ta zama ɗan ƙasar Kenya a 1964. A cikin 1971, ita da 'ya'yanta sun ƙaura daga Kenya don aikin gudanar da ɗakin karatu na jami'a a Tanzaniya, yayin da mijinta ya zauna a baya. Ta zama manaja na SJ Moore Bookshop a cikin 1975. Ta gudanar da karatun adabi da bita ga yawancin marubutan Kenya da na gabashin Afirka. Daga 1983, ta canza hankalinta zuwa rubuce-rubuce. A wannan lokacin, ta ci gaba da jajircewa wajen fafutukar zaman jama'a ta hanyoyi da dama, kamar shiga muhawarar kasa. 

## Ayyuka

* *Girma a Makarantar Lina* (1971)
* *Kisan kai a Majengo* (1972)
* *Zuwan Haihuwa* (1986)
* *Lokacin Yanzu* (1987)
* *Rayuwar Titin* (1987)
* *Victoria da Kisa a Majengo* (1993)
* *Gida a* (1994)
* *Chira* (1997)
* Ƙungiyar *Black Hnad* (1997)
* *Wakar Nyarloka Da Sauran Waqoqin* (1997)
* *Farm da ake kira Kishinev* (2005)

## Sanannen ayyuka
***Zuwan Haihuwa*** - *Zuwan Haihuwa*, wanda ya lashe kyautar Sinclair, labari ne game da rayuwar Paulina.  A cikin wannan labari, Macgoye ta yi ƙoƙarin kwatanta ƙasar Kenya kafin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan mulkin mallaka ta hanyar hangen wata mata 'yar Kenya da ta bar ƙauyenta tana da shekara 16 don zama da sabon mijinta a Nairobi. Littafin ya fara da gabatarwar Martin Were, wanda Paulina ta aura. Yana da ilimi kuma yana cikin rukunin masu aiki na tsakiya. Ta ma'auni na Kenya, ya ƙunshi dukkan halayen saurayi da ke da kyakkyawar makoma mai nasara. Duk da haka, mijinta yana ƙoƙari ya mallake ta, wanda ke haifar da auren rashin jin daɗi da ke cike da rashin fahimta da rashin jin daɗi. Ciwon ciki uku ta yi mata kuma ta kasa cika aikin mata na gargajiya. A ƙarshe, yayin da Kenya ke samun 'yancin kai, ita ma ta sami 'yancin kai. Duk wata zubewar da ta samu, kwatankwacin fafutukar neman ‘yancin kai ne na Kenya. Lokacin da ta fara barin gida tare da mijinta, Kenya na cikin wani yanayi na gaggawa. Ta karɓi aiki a ƙasar waje wanda ya raba ta da mijinta. Dole ne ta tallafa wa kanta ta hanyar koyar da aikin allura. Ta haifi yaro ta hanyar jima'i da wani mutum, amma an kashe yaron, kuma ta koma Nairobi, inda ta hadu da mijinta.  Paulina ta kasance butulci da jahilci lokacin da littafin ya fara, amma zuwa ƙarshensa, mace ce mai zaman kanta mai iya tsayawa kan abin da ta yi imani da shi. 

***Lokacin Yanzu*** – labari game da tsofaffi mata bakwai a gidan tsofaffi, waɗanda suka fito daga ƙabilu daban-daban. Wadannan mata suna ba da labaransu, ciki har da labarun soyayya, gwagwarmayar siyasa da suka fuskanta da kuma mutuwar 'ya'yansu. Wannan labari ya ba da labari mai kyau game da tarihin Kenya, irin abubuwan da waɗannan matan suka shiga da kuma yadda ake kula da mata a cikin al'ummar uba. Ta hanyar hulɗar, masu karatu sun fahimci matakan iko da iko daban-daban da maza ke riƙe. An tattauna batutuwa irin su mata mallakar maza, mata a matsayin masu yanke shawara, a matsayin iyaye mata da malamai. 

***Chira*** – labari ne wanda a cikinsa aka gano jarumin yana da AIDS . Shi ne littafi na farko na Kenya da ya kalli AIDS a matsayin wani abu mai tsanani. Lakabin a cikin harshen kabilanci yana lalata cuta, amma kuma ma'auni ne na "al'ummar Kenya ta zamani" inda akwai wajibai, boyayyun gaskiya da nauyi. A cikin wannan littafin, Macgoye ya bayyana wa masu karatu menene cutar kanjamau, menene sanadinsa, yadda yake yaduwa, da yadda za a hana yaduwarsa. 

***Homing In*** - wannan labari ya lashe matsayi na biyu don Gasar Kyautar Adabi ta Jomo Kenyatta ta Kenya a 1995. Homing In labari ne game da Ellen Smith. Baturen zama bazawara ce wacce ke zaune tare da Martha Kimani, mai kula da ita Ba’amurke Ba’amurke.  Littafin ya yi magana game da abubuwan da suka faru kamar tsarin soja, tasirin yakin duniya na biyu a Afirka, harin bam na Jamus a London, Mau, takaddama kan kaciyar mata, da makarantu masu zaman kansu na Kikuyu.  A farkon novel ɗin an sami rarrabuwar kabilanci tsakanin matan biyu. Duk da haka, zuwa ƙarshen novel matan biyu daga wurare daban-daban sun fahimci cewa suna da rauni kuma suna buƙatar juna don tsira. Suna kulla abota kuma suna ba da goyon bayan juna. 

***Waƙar 'Yanci*** - waƙa (ballad) game da yarinya yarinya, Atieno wanda kawunta ya ɗauka. Kawun nata ne ya zalunce ta da cin zarafi. Aka yi mata tamkar baiwa. Ta yi aiki ba tare da biya ba kuma ba ta zuwa makaranta. Daga karshe ta mutu sakamakon zubar jinin bayan haihuwa saboda karancin shekarunta.  

***Victoria and Murder in Majengo*** – jarumar, mai suna Victoria, ’yar kasuwa ce mai nasara wacce ta mallaki shago a Majengo, Nairobi. Ta fito daga yankin Luo na karkara kuma ta gina nasararta ta hanyar sadaukarwa da yawa. An bayyana abin da ya faru a baya lokacin da wani da ake zargin dan uwan Dan Kano, Lucas, ya ziyarci Victoria don yin aiki. Victoria ta yi aure a lokacin tana shekara 15 saboda yunwa. Mahaifinta ya kasa hango ambaliya kuma bai dauki wani mataki na ceto dabbobinsu da amfanin gonakinsu ba. Ba ta ji dadin aurenta ba, kuma tana tunanin haihuwa zai canza yanayin, amma mijinta ba shi da haihuwa. Bayan shekara biyu tana kokarin samun ciki, sai wani mutum ya yi mata ciki. Victoria ta yanke shawarar cewa ta daina son yin aure kuma ta gudu bayan haihuwar ɗanta. Chelagat, wata ‘yar kasuwa ce mai nasara kuma mai gidan karuwai ce ta ceto ta. Victoria ta yi aiki a matsayin karuwa don samun biyan bukata. Daga karshe ta samu ‘yancin cin gashin kai daga karshe ta samu ilimi. Victoria ta gano cewa Chelagat yana aiki ne a matsayin ɗan leƙen asiri ta hanyar samun bayanai daga maza kuma ta yi hakan. Victoria ta buɗe shago a Nairobi yayin da take gudanar da kasuwancin gefe tare da murfin shagon. 

## Mahimman liyafar
A cikin *Victoria da Kisa a Majengo* da *Zuwa Haihuwa* yana sake gina surar mata ta hanyar ba da halaye kamar ƙarfin hali da ƙarfi ga jaruman littattafanta. A duniyar uba, waɗannan halayen na maza ne amma ba mata ba. A cikin *Victoria da Kisa a Majengo*, Victoria ta ɗauki nauyin al'adun gargajiya da yawa waɗanda ake ɗauka na maza. Victoria ta fanshi kanta ta hanyar fita daga auren.  Duk da cewa ta yi aikin karuwanci don ta biya sadakin saboda mahaifinta bai da halin yin hakan. Da ta jira mahaifinta, da ta ɗauki tsawon lokaci kafin ta sami fansa. Anan Victoria tana sake fasalin matsayin mata na gargajiya ta hanyar rashin fita daga aure. Ba ta kuma buƙatar karɓar umarni daga wurin maza. Duk da sana’ar da ta yi, ta samu ‘yancin cin gashin kai, wanda a al’adance aikin namiji ne. Ta hanyar bude shagonta a Nairobi, ta kuma sake fasalin matsayin jinsi na gargajiya ta hanyar daukar wasu aiki da yin aikin leken asiri. Victoria tana da ilimi sosai kuma ta haifi diya mace mai kama da Victoria. 

Hakazalika, cikin *Zuwan Haihuwa*, Paulina ta sake fayyace matsayin jinsi na gargajiya ta hanyar samun ilimi kuma ta shiga makarantar fasaha ta gida. Ta zama mai kulawa a Kenya kuma ta sami damar samun 'yancin kai na kuɗi. Har ma ta yi tanadi fiye da ’yan’uwanta da mijinta. Ayyukansu ba da daɗewa ba sun koma kamar yadda Martin ya dogara yanzu. Dukansu Victoria da Paulina mata ne waɗanda a da suka kasance masu biyayya ga maza. Sun sami 'yancin kai ta hanyar jajircewa da ilimi. Sun sami 'yancin kai na kuɗi ta hanyar sana'arsu kuma sun zama masu bayarwa ga wasu. Matan sun tsaya tsayin daka ta hanyoyi daban-daban, wanda hakan ne Macgoye ke zaburar da matan wannan zamani da suke karanta littafinta na su tashi tsaye wajen kare kansu a cikin al’ummar da ke da rinjaye. 

Macgoye ya wallafa ayyuka da yawa kan matsaloli daban-daban da Kenya ta fuskanta. Wasu daga cikin ayyukanta, irin su *Freedom Fighter*, an shigar da su cikin tsarin karatun makaranta na Kenya. Ayyukanta suna wakiltar muryar matan da aka zalunta don taimakawa wajen magance rashin daidaituwar iko da iko a cikin al'umma.  A cikin wannan waka, ta yi bayani ne kan batun bautar da yara, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a cikin al’ummomin Afirka. Ta kuma yi nuni da batutuwan da suka shafi take hakkin dan Adam kamar aikin yara da kuma rashin isasshen kulawar iyaye wanda har yanzu ya zama ruwan dare a Afirka ba kadai ba har ma a duniya baki daya. Wannan waka tana aika sako ta hanyar hana wadannan ayyuka. A cikin waƙar Nyarloka, ta nuna irin gwagwarmayar da mata ke fuskanta na tsallakawa cikin sabuwar al'umma; ya nuna abin da yawancin matan Gabashin Afirka ke kokawa da shi. Ko da yake an rubuta waƙar shekaru da yawa da suka wuce, har yanzu tana da mahimmanci a halin yanzu.  Yawancin ayyukan Macgoye suna faruwa a Majengo. An san Majengo a matsayin gundumar ja-haske inda ake yawan yin jima'i da tashin hankali.  Gidan Macgoye coci ne kuma wurin da ta tanadar wa mutanen da ba a so. Ta taimaki masu tabin hankali, AIDS, masu shan muggan kwayoyi, masu yin jima'i, da marasa gida. Za ta ba da tallafi ga matan da aka yashe da ma'aikatan jima'i waɗanda ba za su iya yin aiki ba. 'Yan jarida, 'yan jarida, dalibai, da sauransu za su zo wurinta yayin da take ƙoƙarin magance matsalolin da kuma taimakawa masu bukata. Ta ba da bege da ƙauna marar iyaka ga waɗanda "marasa so". 

## Bayanan kafa