Philippe-François Bart

**Philippe-François Bart** (28 ga Fabrairu 1706 – 12 Maris 1784)Jikan Admiral Jean Bart, wani jami’in sojan ruwa ne na Faransa wanda ya kasance Gwamnan Saint-Domingue (yanzu Haiti)daga 1757 zuwa 1761 a lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai.

## Shekaru na farko (1706-1722)
An haifi Philippe-François Bart a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 1706 a Dunkirk. Mahaifinsa shi ne mataimakin-admiral François Cornil Bart (1677-1755),kuma kakansa shi ne mai zaman kansa Jean Bart (1650-1702).Louis XIV ya girmama dangin Bart,kuma an buga wasiƙun masu martaba a cikin *Mercure de France* a cikin Oktoba 1694.Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Marie Catherine Viguereux(23 Agusta 1686 - 25 Nuwamba 1741).A cikin 1717 ya shiga Collège de Quatre Nations a Paris. Dan uwansa Gaspard-François Bart ya shiga makarantar shekaru uku bayan haka.

## Aikin sojan ruwa (1722-1756)
Bart ya shiga Gardes de la Marine a shekara ta 1722.An kara masa girma zuwa ship-of-the-line lieutenant ( *lieutenant de vaisseau* ) a 1741.Ya zama kyaftin na jirgin ruwa ( *capitaine de ) vaisseau* )a kan 1 Afrilu 1748.Ya kasance Laftanar de tashar jiragen ruwa a Fort Royal(Fort-de-France),Martinique a cikin 1753.A ranar 2 ga Yuni 1756 a Dunkirk ya auri Péronne Jeanne Elisabeth Huguet du Hallier (10 Janairu).1737 - 10 Mayu 1774).

## Gwamnan Saint-Domingue (1756-1761)

Yaƙin ruwa na 20 ga Mayu 1756 da ɗaukar Menorca ya biyo bayan sanarwar yaƙi da Faransanci na Ingilishi.Wannan shine farkon Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai .Ba a buga ayyana yakin ba a birnin Paris har sai ranar 16 ga watan Yuni.Daga ranar 29 ga watan Yuni zuwa 5 ga watan Yuli manyan mashahuran mutane daban-daban sun isa Dunkirk don duba halin da ake ciki a can tare da tuntubar Kyaftin Philippe-François Bart, kwamandan sojojin ruwa a Dunkirk,da sauran shugabannin ma'aikata.An nada Bart Gwamna kuma Laftanar Janar na Saint-Domingue a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1756, kuma Majalisar Le Cap ta karbe shi a ranar 14 ga Maris 1757,da Majalisar Port-au-Prince a ranar 8 ga Yuli 1757.Ya maye gurbin Joseph-Hyacinthe de Rigaud.

A matsayinsa na gwamna,Bart ya ba da goyon baya na ci gaba ga Yarima Joseph de Bauffremont,wanda ya ba da umarnin Rundunar Sojan Ruwa a cikin yankunan Faransanci a Amurka.A ranar 16 ga Maris 1757 wani tawagar Faransa a karkashin Bauffremont ya ci karo da HMS *Greenwich* mai lamba 50 a  Bay,Santo Domingo,kuma bayan kwana biyu ya kama jirgin,wanda aka kai zuwa Saint Domingue.A ranar 5 ga Yuni 1757 Bauffremont ya shiga Louisbourg tare da jiragen ruwa biyar na layin da wani jirgin ruwa daga Saint Domingue.Bart da Lalanne sun lura a cikin wasiƙar 17 Nuwamba 1758 cewa buccaneers,waɗanda zasu iya zama babban albarkatu, sun ɓace a hankali tun lokacin da aka fara yaƙi.

A cikin shekaru biyu na farko na yakin,babu wani gagarumin rashi a Saint Domingue,amma yayin *da* turawan Ingila suka tsaurara matakan tsaro,ciki har da kwace jiragen ruwa masu tsaka-tsaki da kuma sanya shinge,Bart da Jean-Baptiste Laporte-Lalanne sun fara fargabar yunwa.Giya da gari sun yi tsada sosai a Cap François tsakanin Oktoba 1757 da Fabrairu 1758,amma sai ya zama mai araha.Kodayake farashin ya bambanta sosai,'yan kasuwa masu tsaka-tsaki da Tutar New England na jiragen ruwa na Truce sun kiyaye kayayyaki.A ranar 13 ga Mayu 1761 Bart da Clugny sun ba da wata doka da ke ba da izinin kafa kasuwar kayayyaki (*bourse au commerce* )a Le Cap.

A ranar 26 ga Yuli 1757 Bart da Laporte-Lalanne sun ba da wata doka da ke bayyana ingantaccen sabis na gidan waya a cikin yankin. A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 1759 Bart ya ba da wata doka game da zaɓi na baƙar fata don ɗaukar makami a kan maƙiyan jihar,tare da farfado da daidaita dokar da gwamna Choiseul da *Mithon* suka bayar a ranar 9 ga Satumba 1709.Baƙar fata za su sami lada ta kyauta,fansho ko ma 'yanci don ayyukan da suka fi fice. Bart da Jean-Etienne-Bernard de Clugny sun ba da wata doka a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 1761 game da rajistar sunayen ƙasa. Bart ya rubuta a cikin 1761 cewa an baje jimlar fararen 8,000 tare da wasanni sama da 300 na bakin teku,yayin da baƙar fata kusan 200,000, bayinsu da abokan gabansu,ke kewaye da su dare da rana. Ya zama wajibi a dauki wadannan turawa 8,000 da mata da yaransu makamai.

## Shekarun ƙarshe (1761-1784)
An nada Gabriel de Bory don ya gaji Bart a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu 1761, kuma Majalisar Le Cap ta karbe shi a ranar 30 ga Maris 1762.A ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1764 Bart ya sami mukamin kwamandan squadron (*chef d'escadre* ).Ya yi ritaya a matsayin shugaban squadron a 1764.A ranar 1 ga Janairu 1766 an nada shi jarumi na Order of Saint Louis .Bart ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Maris 1784 a Paris.Ba shi da 'ya'ya.