Sinima a Somaliya

**Sinima a Somaliya** yana nufin masana'antar fim a Somaliya. Siffofin farko na nuna fim din jama'a a cikin kasar sune labaran Italiya na manyan abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin mulkin mallaka. A cikin shekarar alif dari tara da talatin da bagwai 1937 an samar da fim din Sentinels na Bronze (wanda aka bayar a Fim din Fim na Venice ) a Ogaden Somalia, tare da kusan dukkan 'yan wasan Somaliya.  Girma daga cikin Somali mutane 's arziki Thomason, da farko' yan alama-tsawon Somali fina-finai da kuma cinematic bukukuwa fito a cikin farkon shekarun 1960s, nan da nan bayan 'yancin kai. Bayan kirkirar hukumar da ke kula da Hukumar Fina -Finan Somaliya (SFA) a 1975, yanayin fina -finan cikin gida ya fara fadada cikin sauri. A shekarun 1970 zuwa farkon shekarun 1980, shahararrun kide *-kide da* aka fi sani da riwaayado sune babban abin tafiya a bayan masana'antar fina -finan Somaliya. Fina-finan almara da na zamani gami da abubuwan hadin gwiwa na kasashen duniya sun bi sahu, wanda aka samu saukake ta hanyar habaka fasahar bidiyo da hanyoyin sadarwar talabijin na kasa. A cikin shekarun 1990 da 2000, wani sabon fim na Karin fina-finan da suka shafi nishaɗi ya fito. An kira shi Somaliwood, wannan matakin farko, motsi na fina-finai na matasa ya karfafa masana'antar fina-finan Somaliya kuma a cikin aiwatar da gabatar da sabbin labaran labarai, dabarun talla da dabarun samarwa.

## Tarihi

### Shekarun 1910 zuwa 1950

Bayar da labari wata tsohuwar al'ada ce a al'adun Somaliya . Kaunar sinima a Somaliya kawai zamani ne, na gani na jiki da ci gaba da wannan ingantacciyar al'ada ta baka.

Siffofin farko na baje kolin fina -finan jama'a a Somaliya sun kasance labaran Italiya na manyan abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin mulkin mallaka a cikin Italiyanci Somaliland .  Misalan irin waɗannan ayyukan sun hada da *Somalia: Gheledi* (1913), *Somalia italiana* (1913), *Somalia: Le bellezze del fiume Nebi* (1913), *Sotto la Croce del Sud - Somalia Italiana* (1926), *Visioni della Somalia italiana* (1929) da *Viaggio di SM il Re a Somalia (novembre-dicembre 1934)* (1934).

A cikin shekarun 1930 da 1940, farkon Yan wasan Somaliya da masu fasahar fim sun yi haɗin gwiwa tare da ma'aikatan Italiya don samar da fina-finan Fascist a cikin gida.  Daga cikin abubuwan da aka samar na karshe sun *hada* da *Dub'aad da Sentinels na Bronze* .  An ba da fim din *Sentinels na Tagulla* ( *Sentinelle di bronzo*  ) a cikin Festival di Venezia na 1937 a matsayin "Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin mulkin mallaka na Italiya", inda ya lashe Kofin Italiya. 

A karshen shekarun 1950 akwai dan hadin gwiwa tsakanin Cinecitta na Rome da daraktocin farko na Somaliya. Sakamakon haka, a cikin 1963 Hajji Cagakombe Miyi Iyo Magaalo ("The Countryside and the City" ko "Town & Village"), hadin gwiwar hadin gwiwar Somaliya-Italiyanci, shine fim din farko na cikakken fasali na kasar.

### 1960 zuwa 1970
Bayan samun yancin kai a shekarar 1960, yawan kamfanoni masu samarwa da rarrabawa masu zaman kansu gami da gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na gaske sun taso. 

A cikin 1961, daya daga cikin fina-finan fasalin kasar Somaliya na farko da aka fito da shi shi ne *kauna Ba ta Sanin Matsaloli* daga Hussein Mabrouk. 

A cikin wannan shekarar, haɗin gwiwar Somaliya da China *The Horn of Africa ya* sami lambar yabo mafi girma a bikin Fina-finan Afirka na 4 na kasa da ƙasa da ake gudanarwa duk shekara a Mogadishu, babban birnin kasar. 

Daraktan Somaliya Hadj Mohamed Giumale ("Hajji Cagakombe") zai shirya shahararren fim din *Miyo Iyo Magaalo* ("Gari da ƙauye") bayan 'yan shekaru.   A shekarar 1966, shi da sauran masu shirya fina-finan Somaliya sun kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa kafa Fédération Pan-Africaine des Cinéastes (FEPACI). 

A shekarar alif dari tara da sittin da Tara 1969, wani *darekta mai dogon zango mai suna Pastoral and Urban Life* ya fito daga darakta Mohammed Goma Ali. 

A cikin 1973, Idriss Hassan Dirie ya ba da umarnin *Dan Iyo Xarrago* ("Reality & Myth").  Fim mai cikakken tsayi na farko, an sarrafa shi a cikin dakunan Technicolor a Rome . 

Bayan wani juyin mulki na zubar da jini a 1969, da samar, rarraba da kuma shigo da fina-finai a kasar da aka nationalized da sabon kafa Koli Revolutionary Council .   Daga baya an maye gurbin gidajen sinima masu zaman kansu da gidajen fina-finan da gwamnati ke sarrafawa,  kuma ana hasashen kusan fina-finai 500 a shekara. 

A shekarar 1975, an kafa Hukumar Fina -Finan Somaliya (SFA), hukumar da ke kula da fina -finan kasar. Kari ne ga Ma'aikatar Yada Labarai ta Tarayya da Jagorancin Kasa,  ta taso daga hannun kayan aikin gani na Ma'aikatar.  Ayyukan SFA sun haɗa da kula da shigowa, rarrabawa da tace fina -finai a cikin kasar. Daga baya kuma ya kula da samar da dogayen fina -finai da gajeru.    Galibin fina -finan da aka shigo da su daga Masar, Italiya, Tarayyar Soviet da Jamus ta Gabas aka shigo da su. Don saukake aiki da samarwa, SFA kuma ta kirkiri hadin gwiwar aiki tare da British Films LTD, wani kamfanin fim na Biritaniya.  Daga 1979 zuwa 1983, furodusan fina -finan Somaliya kuma darakta Ali Said Hassan ya kasance wakilin SFA a Rome.

Wani sabon karni na daraktocin fina -finai, masu sarrafa kyamara, masu shirya fina -finai da injiniyan sauti daga baya suka fito, yawancinsu an horar da su a Masar, Italiya, Tarayyar Sobiyat, Jamus ta Yamma, Jamus ta Gabas, Indiya da Ingila . Daga cikin 'yan fim din na karshe akwai Abdi Ali Geedi, Hassan Mohamed Osman, Ibrahim Awad, Ibrahim "Cunshur", Fuad Abdulaziz, Cumar Cabdalla, Mohamed Fiqi da Muxiyadiin Qaliif. 

Tsakanin 1970 da 1982, an yi fina-finai sama da talatin, jaridu da labarai. Ana samarwa a kowane mako da kowane wata, galibi ana sarrafa su a Masar kuma ana kiran su *Somaaliya oo Sawir'ah* ("Somalia a hoto"). An baje kolin waɗannan gajerun shirye -shiryen fina -finai a ɗakunan silima 120 a duk faɗin ƙasar kafin a tsara babban abin jan hankali. 

### Shekarun 1980
A shekarun 1970 zuwa farkon shekarun 1980, shahararrun kiɗ-*kide da* ake kira riwaayado sune babban abin motsawa a bayan masana'antar fina -finan Somaliya.

A cikin 1983, an fito da fim mai tsawon-lokaci *A Somali Dervish*. Yana mai da hankali kan Jihar Dervish mai juyi da babban malamin jagoran Diiriye Guure , Mohammed Abdullah Hassan ("Mad Mullah").

A cikin 1984, masanin ilimin Somaliya Charles Geshekter ya samar da fim *The Parching Winds of Somalia*. Fim akan wurin a Somalia, fim din yayi nazarin yadda mazaunan kauyukan kasar suka sami nasarar jure wa mummunan yanayin muhallin hamada da kutsawar sojojin daular ta hanyar hada ilimin abubuwan da suka gabata, ayyukan musulmai, da dabarun gudanar da kiwo cikin nasara cikin hadadden al'adun gargajiya. dabi'u tare da dabarun zamani.  

A cikin 1984-1985, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo na Somaliya kuma mai shirya fim Said Salah Ahmed ya shirya fim dinsa na farko, *The Darwish of Somaliya* (alt. *The Somalia Dervishes* ), tare da Amar Sneh a matsayin mai samarwa.   Tare da kasafin kudi na dala miliyan 1.8, almara ta 4-hour-da-40 an sadaukar da ita ga Jihar Dervish. An yi shi da harsuna bakwai, wato Somali, Larabci, Italiyanci, Ingilishi, da yaruka uku na yanki. Fim ɗin ya haɗa da ainihin zuriyar Mohammed Abdullah Hassan a matsayin tauraron ta, kuma ya ƙunshi ɗaruruwan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da ƙari. 

A cikin 1986, an fito da fim ɗin ɗan gajeren fim na gida da za a haska akan bidiyo . Mai taken *Ciyaar Mood* ("Ba wasa bane"), mai shirya fim Abdurrahman Yusuf Cartan ne ya bada umarni. Muxiyadiin Qaliif Cabdi da wasu manyan daraktocin Somaliya daban -daban daga baya wasu manyan mashahuran shirye -shiryen wasan kwaikwayo masu zaman kansu. 

A shekarar 1987, daraktan fina -finan Somaliya Abdulkadir Ahmed Said ya fitar da wani ɗan gajeren fim mai suna Geedka rayuwa ko *Itacen Rayuwa*, wanda a shekara mai zuwa ya sami lambar yabo ta birnin Torino a cikin *Mafi kyawun Fim -* *Bangaren Gasar Fina -Finan* Ƙasa ta Duniya a Torino International Festival of Matashi Cinema. 

A waccan shekarar, an gudanar da Babban Taron Fina-Finan Afirka na Afirka da Larabawa (Mogpaafis), wanda ya haɗu da jerin fitattun masu shirya fina-finai da masana fim daga ko'ina cikin duniya, gami da sauran sassan arewa maso gabashin Afirka da kasashen Larabawa, da Asiya da Turai. Ana gudanar da shi duk shekara a Mogadishu, hukumar shirya fina -finai ta Somaliya ce ta shirya bikin fim. 

Kafa cibiyoyin talabijin na ƙasa a wannan lokacin ya kara rura wutar ci gaban shirye -shiryen Somaliya masu zaman kansu, galibi ana yin su a bidiyo. Kasancewar yanzu sun sami ƙarin shiga cikin kasuwar cikin gida, daga nan an mayar da hankali daga filayen fina-finai na gargajiya a gidajen sinima zuwa tsinkayen masu zaman kansu. Sakamakon haka, an shigo da ƙarancin fina -finan ƙasashen waje cikin ƙasar. 

### Shekarun 1990-yanzu
A cikin 1992, Abdulkadir Ahmed Said ya saki haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwar Somaliya da Italiya *La Conchiglia* ( *Aleel* ). Wani ɗan gajeren fim ɗin da ke kula da muhalli, ya yi hasashen mummunan tasirin da zubar da guba ba bisa ƙa'ida ba da jiragen ruwa na ƙasashen waje zai yi kan rayuwar ruwa na cikin gida da masunta da suka dogara da shi.  

A cikin 2008, masaniyar muhalli ta Somalia Fatima Jibrell ta rubuta tare tare da shirya ɗan gajeren fim ɗin *Traffic Traffic*, wanda ɗan fim Nathan Collett ya jagoranta.  An harbi wuri a Somaliya, yana amfani da labaran almara don ilimantar da jama'a game da lalacewar muhalli da samar da gawayi zai iya haifar.  

A cikin 2011, bikin Fim na Abu Dhabi ya kuma ƙaddamar da asusun ci gaban SANAD da ci gaba da samarwa don fina-finai daga ƙasashen Larabawa. Tare da burin ƙarfafa silima mai zaman kanta da marubuci, masu shirya fina-finan Somaliya yanzu suna samun damar tallafin kuɗi, rubutun allo da bita, da tarurruka na sirri tare da masu ba da shawara da masana.  Haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun 'yan kasuwa na Audiovisual' Yan kasuwa (EAVE), ƙwararrun ƙwararrun 'yan kasuwa, sadarwa da ƙungiyar haɓaka ayyukan, Dubai International Film Festival kuma tana ba wa masu shirya fina-finai na Somaliya ƙungiyar musanya da haɓakawa da taron bitar haɗin gwiwa da aka ware don daraktoci, marubutan allo da masu samarwa daga manyan Larabawa. yanki. 

## Somaliwood

Wani sabon ƙarni na ƙarin fina-finan da suka shafi nishaɗi da ke fitowa daga masana'antar shirya fina-finan Somaliya ya yi farin jini a tsakanin 'yan Somaliya duka a cikin Somaliya da kuma cikin ƙasashen waje. An kira shi da suna Somaliwood, wannan ƙungiya ta fim ɗin da ke sama ta ƙarfafa yanayin fim ɗin cikin gida, a cikin aiwatar da gabatar da sabbin labaran labarai, dabarun samarwa da dabarun talla. A ƙarshen haɗa da giciye-kafofin watsa labarai marketing, tare da taye-a film Soundtracks featuring shahararren Somali music artists. Popular fina-finai daga Somaliwood hada da Somali harshen slasher mai ban sha'awa *Xaaskayga Araweelo,* da mataki comedy *Rajo,* kuma *Warmooge,* na farko Somali rai film . Matasa daraktoci Abdisalam Aato na Olol Films da Abdi Malik Isak sune kan gaba a wannan juyi na shiru.  A cikin 2010, daraktan Somaliya Mo Ali shi ma ya saki *Shank*, fim ɗin sa na farko da aka shirya a cikin London mai zuwa. 

## Bukukuwa

* Taron Fina-Finan *Afirka da Larabawa (Mogpaafis)*
* *Bikin Fina -Finan Afirka na Duniya*

## Fitattun fina -finai

* *Sentinels of Bronze (1937)*
* *Love Does Not Know Obstacles* (1961)
* *The Horn of Africa* (1961)
* *Miyo Iyo Magaalo* (1968)
* *Dan Iyo Xarrago* (1973)
* *A Somali Dervish* (1983)
* *The Somali Darwish* (1984)
* *The Parching Winds of Somalia* (1984)
* *Somalia Dervishes* (1985)
* *Ciyaar Mood* (1986)
* *Geedka nolosha* (1987)
* *La Conchiglia* (1992)
* *Rajo* (2003)
* *Xaaskayga Araweelo* (2006)
* *Carara* (2009)
* *Ambad* (2011)
* *Judaan* (2016)

## Sanannun alkaluma

### Daraktoci

### Jarumai

## Manazarta