Cibiyar Nazarin Dabbobi ta Kasa

Cibiyar Nazarin Likitan Dabbobi ta kasa (NVRI) cibiya ce ta bincike a Najeriya wacce aka kafa ta a shekarar 1924 kuma tana da hurumin gudanar da bincike kan yadda za a iya ganowa, magani da magance cututtukan dabbobi da kuma samar da alluran rigakafin irin wannan da horarwa da samar da ayyukan tallafi ga masu kiwon dabbobi da kaji. Cibiyar tana ƙarƙashin kulawar ma'aikatar noma da raya karkara ta tarayya. Babbar jami'ar ita ce Maryam Muhammad, likitar dabbobi da ke da sha'awar bincike kan cututtukan kwayoyin cutar Salmonella a cikin kiwon kaji, lafiyar jama'a da muhalli da ci gaba.

## Tarihi
An kafa Cibiyar Binciken Likitan Dabbobi ta kasa (NVRI) a shekarar 1924 domin kawar da barkewar cutar Rinder da ta yi kamari a tsakanin shanu a Najeriya da Afirka ta Yamma tsakanin shekarar 1885-1890 zuwa 1913 da 1914. A shekarar 1913, an kafa sashen kula da dabbobi a Zariya tare da kula da dabbobi. babbar manufar gudanar da ƙidayar dabbobi, bincike da tabbatar da bullar cututtuka a tsakanin dabbobi da kuma dakile yaduwar cutar ta hanyar keɓewa da keɓewa. Sashen ya yi aiki kafada da kafada da Shugabannin ƙauye da Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Ƙasa. A shekarar 1924 aka koma da sashen zuwa Vom, a jihar Filato ta yau inda ya zama dakin gwaje-gwajen dabbobi. A cikin wannan shekarar, dakin gwaje-gwajen ya sami damar samar da maganin rigakafin cutar hawan jini kuma ya zama cibiyar binciken likitan dabbobi da samar da magungunan dabbobi da alluran rigakafi ga yawan dabbobi a cikin kasar da cututtukan dabbobi masu wucewa a yammacin Afirka. . A cikin 1975, Dokar Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Noma ta 35 ta zo cikin jirgi kuma an canza sunan zuwa Cibiyar Nazarin Dabbobi ta Kasa (NVRI) 

Sai a shekarar 1967, sai a karo na gaba na daliban da suka yaye ilimin dabbobi daga hadin gwiwar jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da Jami’ar Ibadan wadanda su ne makarantun farko na cikakken ilimin likitancin dabbobi a N.igeria.

## Ayyuka
Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da bincike a cikin NVRI sune mura, rabies, brucellosis. salmonellosis da cututtuka na dabbobi masu wucewa irin su Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, Cutar Kafa-da-Baki da Cututtukan Newcastle, Cibiyar ta kuma ba da sabis na tallafi ga kaji da manoman dabbobi.

NVRI ita ce kan gaba kuma ita ce cibiyar bincike ta dabbobi a Najeriya tare da wajabcin gudanar da bincike a kan dukkan nau'ikan cututtukan dabbobi, haɓakawa da samar da rigakafin dabbobi; ba da kulawa da ganewar cututtukan dabbobi; da kuma samar da ayyukan fadada ayyukan kiwon kaji da kiwo

### Ayyukan dakin gwaje-gwaje
Gidan gwaje-gwaje na NVRI ya ƙunshi dakin gwaje-gaje na tsakiya a Vom da cibiyar sadarwa ta dakunan gwaje-gidan gwaje a cikin tashoshin 23 a Najeriya. Har ila yau, tana karbar bakuncin dakin gwaje-gwaje na yankin FAO (Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Gona) don cututtukan dabbobi masu iyaka ciki har da kwayar cutar Avian don Yamma da Afirka ta Tsakiya. Har ila yau, cibiyar tana da dakin gwaje-gwaje na biotechnology wanda ke da kayan aiki da yawa ciki har da PCR, qPCR, da wuraren al'adun nama, wurin BSL-3 wanda aka zaba a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin cibiyar sadarwar dakunan gwaje- gwaje-gaje don tabbatar da wadanda ake zargi da COVID-19, da kuma dakin gwaje na BSL2 da aka yi amfani da shi kawai don binciken FMD da Influenza na dabba.

### Horaswa
NVRI ta fara makarantar likitancin dabbobi a cikin 1945 don horar da mataimakan dabbobi. A shekarar 1963, an fadada manhajar koyar da ilmin dabbobi, sannan aka bullo da wani sabon kwas Diploma kan lafiyar dabbobi da kiwo. A cikin 1980, makarantar ta zama Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiyar Dabbobi da Kiwon Lafiyar Dabbobi kuma tana da kwasa-kwasan Diploma na Talakawa da Difloma mai girma a Kiwon Lafiyar Dabbobi da Kiwo. A shekarar 1989, hukumar kula da fasahar kere-kere ta kasa (NBTE) ta baiwa kwalejin izinin gudanar da shirye-shiryen difloma (ND) a fannin kiwon lafiya da samar da dabbobi da kuma babbar difloma ta kasa (HND) a shekarar 1992. An canza wa kwalejin suna Federal College of Animal. Health and Production Technology, sunan da take da shi a halin yanzu, a 1991. A halin yanzu, makarantar da ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi tana ba da shirye-shiryen digiri a kan ilimin aikin gona (Animal Production) da kuma digiri na biyu a kan lafiyar dabbobi da kuma samar da abinci.

### Bincike
Cibiyar na gudanar da bincike a fannoni daban-daban da suka shafi lafiyar dabbobi. A cikin shekarar 2022, tare da Pirbright da Royal Veterinary College, London, NVRI sun yi bincike kan yadda ake ragewa da kuma kawar da ciwon tunkiya da bunsuru. An tattara bayanai game da abubuwan haɗari da ke da alaƙa da cutar, an gano wuraren zafi masu zafi, an kiyasta tasirin tattalin arziki da kuma samar da kayan aiki (SGP Cost and Vaccination Calculator) don taimakawa makiyaya su fahimci mahimmancin rigakafin cutar. Sashen bincike na kwayar cuta ya mayar da hankali kan cututtuka na dabbobi kamar shanu, tumaki, awaki, kaji, alade, karnuka, kuliyoyi, da zomaye waɗanda suke da asalin kwayar cuta. Cututtukan sun hada da amma ba'a iyakance ga zazzabin alade na Afirka, Ciwon ƙafa da Baki, Cututtukan Newcastle, Gumboro, Virus na Parainfluenza, Ciwon Kwai da Cutar Kwai, Capripox da Rabies.

### Samar da allurar rigakafi
Sashen Alurar rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta na NVRI ne ke kula da samar da allurar rigakafi kamar su Anthrax Spore, rigakafin Black Quarter, rigakafin BruceIla (S.19), Alurar rigakafin ciwon huhu na Bovine Pleuro-pneumonia, rigakafin Haemorrhagic Septicemia, rigakafin Fowl Cholera, rigakafin Fowl Typhoid da HantaVacused don rigakafin dabbobi. Sashen Alurar riga kafi na Viral yana da alhakin samar da alluran rigakafin cututtukan da ke haifar da dabbobi da kaji. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Fowl pox, ƙwayar cuta mai saurin kamuwa da cuta,  Rabies, Peste des Petits  Ruminant (PPR) da allurar rigakafin cututtukan Newcastle (Strain I2) da sauransu.

Ma’aikatar Noma da Raya Karkara ta Tarayya ta bayyana saurin samar da alluran rigakafin da NVRI ke yi a matsayin tafiyar hawainiya kuma bai isa ba wajen yaki da kwari da ke kai farmaki a ƙasar. Masu ruwa da tsaki a fannin kiwon lafiyar dabbobi da suka haɗa da ƙungiyar likitocin dabbobi ta Najeriya da ƙungiyar kiwon kaji masu karamin karfi sun ba da shawara kan bukatar mayar da aikin samar da alluran rigakafi a NVRI.

A cikin shekarar 2022, Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya ta ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen fara samar da allurar rigakafin COVID-19 a NVRI.

## Manazarta