open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Hexateuch

**Hexateuch** ("naɗaɗɗun littattafai shida") sune littattafai shida na farko na Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Ibrananci: Attaura (*Pentateuch*) da littafin Joshua . 

## Dubawa
Kalmar *Hexateuch* ta zo cikin amfani da ilimi tun daga shekarun 1870 zuwa gaba musamman sakamakon aikin da Abraham Kuenen da Julius Wellhausen suka yi.  Bayan aikin Eichhorn, de Wette, Graf, Kuenen, Nöldeke, Colenso da sauransu, a cikin *Prolegomena zur Geschichte Isra'ila* Wellhausen ya ba da shawarar cewa Joshua ya wakilci wani ɓangare na tushen Yahwist na arewacin ( *c* 950 BC), wanda aka cire daga takardar JE ta Deuteronomist ( *c* 650 &#x2013; 621) kuma an haɗa su cikin tarihin Deuteronomi, tare da littattafan Alƙalai, Sarakuna, da Sama’ila.

Dalilan wannan haɗin kai, baya ga kasancewar sauran hadisai na rubuce-rubuce, ana ɗaukarsu ne daga kwatancen abubuwan da suka shafi jigogi waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin saman labarin nassosi. Alal misali, Littafin Joshua ya nanata ci gaban jagoranci daga Musa zuwa Joshua. Bugu da ƙari, jigon Joshua, cikar alkawarin Allah na ja-goranci Isra’ilawa zuwa Ƙasar Alkawari, ya cika jigo na jigo na Pentateuch, wanda ya ƙare da Isra’ilawa a kan iyakar Ƙasar Alkawari suna shirin shiga.

Ƙididdigar da *Joshua* ya kammala *Attaura* a cikin *Hexateuch* na iya bambanta da ra'ayin malaman da ke bin tsohuwar al'adar rabbai, kamar yadda masu tattara Encyclopedia na Yahudawa suka bayyana (wanda aka tattara tsakanin 1901 da 1906), cewa *Pentateuch* cikakken aiki ne a kanta. .Hakanan za'a iya bambanta &#x5B; ** &#x5D; da Eduard Meyer (1855-1930) ya gabatar cewa ba a taɓa samun *Hexateuch* kowane ɗaya ba, amma *Doka*, *Joshua*, *Alƙalai*, *Sama'ila*, da *Sarakuna* sun taɓa kafa tarihi mai girma guda ɗaya. aiki. 

## Duba kuma

* Pentateuch
* Heptateuch : Hexateuch, da Littafin Alƙalai
* Octateuch : ciki har da Littafin Ruth
* Hasashen daftarin aiki
* Martin Babu
* Tsohon Turanci Hexateuch
* Littattafai na shida da na bakwai na Musa

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* ''Prolegomena zur Geschichte Isra'ila'' (1878; 1882) *Prolegomena zuwa Tarihin Isra'ila* . Tare da sake buga labarin *Isra'ila* daga *Encyclopædia Britannica.* Daga Julius Wellhausen, Farfesa na Harsunan Gabas a Jami'ar Marburg. Fassara daga Jamusanci, ƙarƙashin kulawar marubucin, ta J Sutherland Black, MA, da Allan Menzies, BD (1885). Tare da gabatarwa Daga Farfesa W Robertson Smith . A cikin Project Gutenberg.
El-Banate Dol

***El-Banate Dol*** (English:Those Girls)  fim ne na Masar na shekara ta 2006.

## Bayani game da shi
Shirin ya biyo bayan waƙoƙin 'yan mata matasa da ke zaune a kan titunan Alkahira, Misira, sararin samaniya na tashin hankali, amma kuma na' yanci. Wadannan 'yan mata suna da ƙarfin ban mamaki, suna haɗuwa da dariya da ake buƙata tare da ƙarfin da ake buƙatu don tsira kowace rana. Rayuwarsu, rayuwarsu da lambobin da suke bi sun kalubalanci tsarin zamantakewa. Kwanakin su suna cike da barazana; wani lokacin 'yan sanda ne da hare-haren su, wasu lokuta, satar da 'yan uwan su na titi suka yi da kuma fadace-fadace da wani lokacin ba su da iko. Duk da haka, ta hanyar rawa, dariya da wasan kwaikwayo waɗannan mata da uwaye suna ba mu haske wanda ke tunatar da mu cewa har yanzu yara ne.

## Kyaututtuka

* 2006 Bikin Cinéma Montpellier
* 2006 Masu ba da shawara na fim na CarthageMasu juriya na Carthage
* 2007 Fim na Ismailia na Duniya don Kayan aiki da gajeren fina-finai
* 2007 Doclisboa - Mafi kyawun Bayani

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* 
* Mata suna yin fina-finai
Songololo: Voices of change

Songololo: Voices of Change fim ne na Kanada, wanda Marianne Kaplan ta jagoranta kuma aka saki a shekarar 1990.   Afirka ta Kudu a farkon kwanakin sauyawa daga wariyar launin fata zuwa dimokuradiyya, fim din yana bincika ikon kiɗa da fasaha a matsayin kayan aikin gwagwarmaya da canjin zamantakewa, yana mai da hankali da farko ga marubucin Gcina Mhlophe da mawaƙa Mzwakhe Mbuli.

Fim din ya sami zaɓaɓɓun nuna wasan kwaikwayo a Kanada a watan Oktoba 1990,  kafin a fara gabatar da shi a talabijin a TVOntario da Knowledge Network a watan Nuwamba.  An watsa shi a kan TVOntario a matsayin wani labari na jerin shirye-shiryen Human Edge .

Fim din ya kasance wanda aka zaba a Genie Award don Mafi kyawun Fim na Kadan a Genie Awards na 12 a shekarar 1991. 

## Manazarta
Umshana

***Umshana*** (lit. 'The Niece) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na baƙi da fari na Eswatini (Eswatini black and white drama film) da aka shirya shi a shekarar 2015 wanda Bi Phakathi ya ba da umarni kuma BIP Films ya shirya.   Fim ɗin ya haɗa da Mbali Dlamini da Delani Dlamini a matsayin jagora tare da Lisa Mavuso, Temakhosi Nkambule, Fineboy Mhlanga a matsayin masu tallafawa.  

Shi ne fim na farko da ke magana da Siswati kuma an yi fim ɗin gaba ɗaya a cikin Masarautar Eswatini.

## 'Yan wasa

* Mbali Dlamini a matsayin Gugu
* Delani Dlamini a matsayin Themba
* Lisa Mavuso a matsayin Abokin Gugu
* Temakhosi Nkambule a matsayin Precious
* Fineboy Mhlanga a matsayin Uncle

## Manazarta
Twelve Disciples of Nelson Mandela

Twelve Disciples of Nelson Mandela fim ne na shekara ta 2005 game da wani ƙarni na maza, waɗanda gwamnatin Amurka ta ɗauka 'yan ta'adda, waɗanda suka bar Afirka ta Kudu don kafa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka kuma suka yada saƙonsu a duk faɗin duniya. Mai shirya fina-finai Thomas Allen Harris ya mai da hankali kan mahaifinsa Benjamin Pule Leinaeng, wanda ya kasance daga cikin mambobin ANC na farko da suka bar Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1960.

An sadu da almajiran goma sha biyu na Nelson Mandela tare da yabo mai mahimmanci, inda suka lashe kyautar Independent Spirit Award don rukunin Stranger Than Fiction kuma an watsa su a kan PBS a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin Point of View a shekara ta 2006.

## Manazarta
Liyana (fim)

***Liyana*** fim ɗin  Swazi ne na shekara ta 2017 da Haruna Kopp da Amanda Kopp suka shirya kuma suka bada umarni, yana bin rukunin marayu na Swazi yayin da suke gina labari dangane da abubuwan da suka faru. Bayan farawa a 2017 LA Film Festival, an saki fim ɗin a Amurka a ranar 10 ga watan Oktoba, 2018. Ya sami kyakkyawan bita mai kyau kuma ya sami lambar yabo don Mafi kyawun Tsarin Best Documentary Feature at the 2017 LAFF, da sauran lambobin yabo na biki.

## Takaitaccen bayani
*Liyana* tana bin wasu marayu da yawa daga Swazi yayin da suke haɓaka labari a ƙarƙashin jagorancin marubuciya kuma mai fafutuka na Afirka ta Kudu Gcina Mhlope. Tauraruwarsu tauraro ne wata yarinya ƴaƴa, Liyana, yayin da take tafiya don ceto ƴan uwanta tagwaye daga yin garkuwa da bijimin ta, kuma ta shawo kan ƙalubale daban-daban a hanya. Yayin da ɗaliban ke ci gaba da tatsuniyoyinsu,  shirin kai-tsaye yana cudanya da raye-rayen da ke nuna irin rawar da Liyana ta yi.

## liyafa
A kan review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , fim ɗin yana riƙe da ƙimar yarda na 98% bisa ga sake dubawa na 41, da matsakaicin ƙimar 8.3 / 10.   A kan Metacritic, fim ɗin yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin nauyin 80 daga cikin 100, bisa ga masu sukar 10, yana nuna "mafi kyawun sake dubawa".

## Manazarta
Heptateuch

**Heptateuch** (Litattafai bakwai) suna ne a wasu lokuta ana ba da littattafai bakwai na farko na Littafi Mai Tsarki na Ibrananci . Littattafai bakwai su ne Farawa, Fitowa, Leviticus, Lissafi, Kubawar Shari’a, Joshua da Alƙalawa . Hudu na farko na waɗannan ana kiransu wani lokaci Tetrateuch,  biyar na farko ana kiran su Attaura ko Pentateuch, na farko shida a matsayin Hexateuch . Tare da ƙarin Littafin Ruth, waɗannan littattafai takwas ana kiran su Octateuch . "Enneateuch" shine Heptateuch tare da Littattafan Sama'ila da Littattafan Sarakuna (kowane litattafai guda biyu an ƙidaya su ɗaya, kuma ba a haɗa da Littafin Ruth ba).

Augustine na Hippo ya samar da wani yanki mai suna *Tambayoyi akan Heptateuch* . Ælfric na Eynsham ya samar da tsohuwar sigar Turanci ta Heptateuch.

Cyprianus Gallus ya fassara Heptateuch zuwa ayar Latin a karni na 5.

## Duba kuma

* Tsohon Turanci Hexateuch
* Littattafai na shida da na bakwai na Musa

## Manazarta

## Kara karantawa

*  
*  
*
Four Women of Egypt

***Four Women of Egypt*** (asalin Faransanci Quatre femmes d'Égypte) fim ne na Kanada da Masar na 1997 na Tahani Rached . Fim din ya kewaye abokai mata hudu daga Masar tare da adawa da ra'ayoyin addini, zamantakewa, da siyasa a Misira ta zamani. Fim din  sami yabo sosai kuma ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa a bukukuwan fina-finai.

## Ƴan wasa
**[[Wedad Mitry]]** ya kasance ɗan jarida ne na tsawon rayuwarsa. Wata daliba mai fafutuka, ita ce kadai mace da aka zaba a kungiyar dalibai a Jami'ar Alkahira a shekarar 1951. A wannan shekarar ta shiga Kwamitin Tsayayya na Mata (wanda mai fafutukar mata Saiza Nabarawi ya kafa). 

**Safinaz Kazem**, ɗan jarida, mai sukar wasan kwaikwayo kuma marubuci, marubucin littattafai ne da yawa. A cikin shekarun 1960, ta kasance daliba mai digiri a Amurka - a Kansas, Chicago, da New York. Ita ce tsohuwar matar mawaki na Masar Ahmed Fouad Negm kuma mahaifiyar mai fafutukar siyasa da marubuci Nawara Negm . 

**[[Shahenda Maklad]]** ta kasance mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai da na ƙasa, tana gudana a matsayin dan takara a cikin kamfen ɗin majalisa. Ta yi gwagwarmaya ba tare da gajiyawa ba don haƙƙin manoma da sauran dalilai na jama'a. An kashe mijinta, Hussein Salah a siyasa a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 1966 a garin Kamshish .   mutu daga ciwon daji a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 2016. 

**Amina Rachid** mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ce, an haife ta ne a cikin tsoffin ɗalibai, jikokin Ismail Sidki (tsohon Firayim Minista). Ta kammala karatunta a birnin Paris inda ta kasance mai aiki a cikin kungiyar daliban Larabawa a Faransa kuma ta yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Faransa. Matsayinta na siyasa ya dawo da ita Masar inda take koyar da adabin Faransanci a Jami'ar Alkahira .

## Bayani game da shi
Fim din ya fara ne tare da mata hudu masu matsakaicin shekaru suna tafiya a kan gada a barga a kudancin Alkahira, Misira. Matan hudu suna magana a cikin fim din game da Masar, siyasarta, al'adu, da Islama, addini mafi mashahuri a kasar. Suna haɗa siyasa da akidar da ta gabata da ta yanzu tare da kwarewarsu. Matan hudu abokai ne kuma an haife su ne a ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Masar. Suna raba abubuwan da suka faru da shekaru hamsin a cikin fim din. Matan hudu fursunonin siyasa ne a karkashin mulkin Anwar Sadat .

## Kyaututtuka
Fim din ya haɗa da Naji al-Ali: Mai zane tare da hangen nesa ta Kasim Abid don kyautar girmamawa ta masu sauraro don Mafi kyawun Bayani a cikin bikin fina-finai na Arab Screen Independent wanda ya faru daga Afrilu 15 zuwa 18 1999, London - Ingila. Har ila yau, ya lashe kyautar fim mafi kyau - tare da kyautar kuɗi na (£ 2000) a cikin wannan bikin. 

Fim din ya kuma lashe lambar yabo ta jama'a a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa wanda ya gudana daga Nuwamba 15 zuwa 23 1997, Odivelas - Portugal . An kuma ba da fim din Grand Prize don fim din mai tsawo a cikin fina-finai na Category da aka gabatar a cikin tsarin bidiyo a cikin wannan bikin. 

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* 
* Dubi ''Mata huɗu na Masar''  a Hukumar Fim ta Kasa ta Kanada
Voices of Sarafina!

**Muryoyin Sarafina!** fim ne na Amurka na shekara ta 1988 game da wasan kwaikwayo na Sarafina! na adawa da wariyar launin fata! wanda Nigel Noble ya jagoranta. An nuna shi a cikin sashin Un Certain Regard a bikin fina-finai na Cannes na 1989.

## Ƴan Wasa

* Leleti Khumalo a matsayin Sarafina
* Jariri Cele a matsayin Uwargidan Itsapity
* Pat Mlaba a matsayin Colgate
* Miriam Makeba a matsayin kanta
* Mary Twala a matsayin Kakar Sarafina
* Mbongeni Ngema a matsayin Sabela

## Manazarta
 

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
*
Witness to Apartheid

Shaida ga wariyar launin fata fim ne na Amurka na 1986 wanda Sharon I. Sopher ya jagoranta.  zabi shi don Kyautar Kwalejin don Kyautattun Bayanai. Sopher da Peter Kinoy ne suka rubuta fim din, fim din ya kuma lashe kyautar Cine Golden Eagle . Sopher kuma ta lashe lambar yabo ta Emmy saboda jagorancin ta.  

## Manazarta
Germanic philology

**Ilimin Jamusanci** shine nazarin ilimin Jamusancin, musamman daga kwatankwacin ko hangen nesa na tarihi.

Farkon bincike a cikin harsunan Jamusanci ya fara ne a cikin karni na 16, tare da gano rubutun adabi a farkon matakan harsunan. Littattafan farko na zamani da suka yi magana da tsohuwar al'adun Norse sun bayyana a cikin ƙarni na 16, misali *Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus* (Olaus Magnus, 1555) da *edition princeps* na karni na 13 *Gesta Danorum* na Saxo Grammaticus, a cikin 1514.

A cikin shekarar 1603, Melchior Goldast ya yi bugu na farko na waƙar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Jamus, Tyrol da Winsbeck, gami da sharhin da ya mai da hankali kan matsalolin harshe kuma ya saita sautin kusancin irin waɗannan ayyukan a cikin ƙarni masu zuwa. 

Daga baya ya ba da irin wannan kulawa ga Tsohon Babban Jamusanci fassarar Dokar Benedictine. A zamanin Elizabethan da Jacobean Ingila, tarin Robert Cotton da nazarin rubuce-rubucen yanzu a cikin Laburaren Auduga ya zama farkon fara karatun Tsohon Ingilishi da adabin Anglo-Saxon .

Tafin wallafe-wallafen da juyin juya halin Gutenberg ya fara ya karu a cikin ƙarni na 17 tare da fassarorin Latin na Edda (musamman Peder Resen's Edda Islandorum na shekarar 1665).

Ilimin ilimin harshe na Jamusanci, tare da ilimin harshe gaba ɗaya, ya fito a matsayin horo na ilimi a farkon karni na 19, wanda ya fara aiki musamman a Jamus ta hanyar masana harshe irin su Yakubu Grimm, marubucin Jamusanci, masanin ilimin falsafa, da kuma masanin ilimin falsafa wanda ya gano dokar Grimm, yana rubuta sauti. canza zuwa duk harsunan Jamusanci . Mahimman malamai na karni na 19 sun hada da Henry Sweet, Matthias Lexer, da Joseph Wright . Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun mashahuran malaman ƙarni na 20th, wanda aikinsa a matsayin masanin ilimin falsafa na Jamus ya yi tasiri sosai ga waƙarsa, almara, da rubuce-rubucen fantasy, shi ne Farfesa na Jami'ar Oxford JRR Tolkien .

## Filayen ƙasa

* Kwatanta ilimin harshe ( Jamusanci gama gari )
* Nazarin Dutch
* Turanci karatu
* Nazarin Jamus
* Harsunan Jamusanci
* Runology
* Karatun Scandinavian

## Manazarta

## Duba kuma

* Jaridar Kwatankwacin Linguistics na Jamus
Mandela: Tarihin Rayuwa

Mandela: The Living Legend wani shirin BBC ne na 2003 game da rayuwar mai fafutuka Nelson Mandela .  Shirin  na bangarori biyu wanda Dominic Allan ya kirkira tare da ma'aikatan mutum daya.   rubuce-rubuce ga The Guardian, Kathryn Flett ta bayyana shirin a matsayin "mai girmamawa kuma a wasu lokuta yana bayyanawa" amma ta kammala cewa "ba shine mafi zurfi da zurfin fahimta da aka taɓa yi ba".  cikin bita na Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom in Grantland, Wesley Morris ya bayyana Mandela: The Living Legend a matsayin "mai haƙuri mai haƙuri" kuma "wanda David Dimbleby ya ba da cikakken labari"

## Manazarta
Gao Heng (philologist)

**Gao Heng** ( Chinese , Yuli 29, 1900 - Fabrairu 2, 1986) masanin ilmin falsafa ne na ƙasar Sin kuma masanin burbushin halittu, wanda ya shahara da aikinsa kan fassarar zamani na *I Ching* .  Daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ya cim ma, ya kuma buga sabon fassarar tsohuwar rubutun siyasa na Lord Shang tare da sharhi na asali a cikin mahallin (hargitsi) na shekarar 1970s. 

An haifi Gao Heng a gundumar Shuangyang, lardin Jilin . A cikin shekarar 1953, Gao ya shiga jami'ar Shandong a matsayin farfesa. Daga shekara ta 1957 zuwa gaba, ya kasance dan lokaci na wucin gadi na Cibiyar Falsafa a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin . A shekarar 1967, ya kuma koma birnin Beijing, kuma ya kware wajen binciken adabi da na gargajiya.

## Manazarta
The Sun Will Never Set

***The Sun Will Never Set*** or ***Don't Set the Sun Off*** (Arabic) fim ne na soyayya na Masar na alif 1961. &nbsp;Daraktan fim din Masar Salah Abu Seif ne ya ba da umarnin, wannan fim din ya samo asali ne daga wani littafi mai suna Ihsan Abdel Quddous wanda marubuci fim ɗin Masar ya rubuta a cikin 1960  kuma Helmy Halim ya rubuta shi.An   gabatar da fim din a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Karlovy Vary a 1962 kuma an zaba shi a matsayin daya daga cikin fina-fakka na Masar 150 a shekarar 1996. Fim din ya fito da Faten Hamama, Imad Hamdi, Nadia Lutfi, Ahmed Ramzy, Shukry Sarhan da Laila Taher .

## Labarin fim
An rushe dangin aristocratic bayan mutuwar ubanta. Ya bar matarsa ta gwauruwa da 'ya'yansa mata biyar da' ya'yansa maza. Ɗansa na fari, Ahmed (Shukry Sarhan), ya ɗauki matsayin mutumin a cikin gidan kuma ya taimaka wa mahaifiyarsa ta kula da ɗan'uwansa da 'yan uwansa. Mamdouh (Ahmed Ramzy), ɗan'uwansa, mutum ne mai son kai wanda ya ki bin matakin ɗan'uwaninsa kuma ya yanke shawarar yin nasa yanke shawara a rayuwarsa. A halin yanzu, duk da ƙuntata tarurrukan zamantakewa, Layla (Faten Hamama) ta ƙaunaci malaminta na piano, mutumin da ya yi aure wanda ya girme ta da shekaru, kuma ya auri shi. Sauran 'ya'ya mata biyu sun yarda da yanayinsu kuma sun ci gaba. Layla da Mamdouh sun yanke shawara da sauri sun haifar da mummunan sakamako. Layla ta saki mijinta jim kadan bayan aurensu kuma Mamdouh ta mutu a hatsarin mota bayan jayayya. Ahmed ya sami ƙarfin fuskantar mutuwar ɗan'uwansa kuma ya shiga soja don yaƙi a yaƙi. 'Yar'uwarsa ta fada cikin soyayya da wani soja a cikin yaki, kuma Ahmed da kansa ya fada cikin soyayyar wata mace kuma ya auri ta.

## Yan wasan

* Faten Hamama a matsayin Layla
* Imad Hamdi a matsayin Fathi
* Shukry Sarhan a matsayin Ahmed
* Nadia Lutfi a matsayin budurwa da matar Ahmed
* Ahmed Ramzy a matsayin Mamdouh
* Laila Taher a matsayin Nabila

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Exemplar (textual criticism)

A cikin sukar rubutu, misali shine rubutun da aka yi amfani da shi don samar da wani rubutu. A cikin nazarin tarihin rubutu kuma wani muhimmin misali shine wanda ke gaba da kowane rabuwa a cikin al'adar wannan rubutun, wato, kafin manyan bambance-bambance na rubutu su faru a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban: irin wannan misali ana kiransa da archetype.

## Manazarta
Dying for Gold

Dying for Gold fim  na Afirka ta Kudu na 2018 wanda duo Richard Pakleppa da Catherine Meyburgh suka rubuta kuma suka ba da umarni.   samar da fim din ne a karkashin tutar samar da Breathe Films kuma an harbe fim din ne galibi a Lesotho.  fim din  nuna ainihin labarin da ba a fada ba game da hakar ma'adinai a Afirka ta Kudu musamman ya nuna mutuwar masu hakar zinariya saboda silicosis da tarin fuka a Afirka ta kudu, Mozambique, Lesotho da Malawi. Fim din  fito ne a wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2018 kuma ya sami kyakkyawan bita daga masu sukar. An kuma nuna fim din a Mozambique da Botswana.  kuma nuna shi a bikin fina-finai na Johannesburg a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 2018.

## Bayani game da fim
Fiye da shekaru 120, daruruwan dubban baƙi daga ƙasashen Kudancin Afirka sun bar iyalansu don tono zinariya da samar da dukiyar Afirka ta Kudu. 'an nan kuma fiye da iyalai 500,000 suna maraba da ƙaunatattun su daga ma'adinai a cikin mummunar yanayi fiye da yadda suke lokacin da suka fara hakar zinariya.

## Manazarta
Going Bongo

***Going Bongo,*** fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na ban dariya da aka shirya shi a shekarar 2015 wanda Dean Matthew Ronalds ya jagoranta kuma Brian Ronalds ya shirya. Fim din ya hada da Ernest Napoleon kuma ,ya hada da Emanuela Galliussi, Nyokabi Gethaiga da Ashley Olds. An yi fim din a Los Angeles da Tanzaniya.

## Labarin fim
Wani sabon likita Ba'amurke da aka ɗauka aiki "kwatsam" masu aikin sa kai don yin aiki a Tanzaniya, Afirka na wata guda. Fim din ya dogara ne akan wani labari na gaskiya na wani likitan Faransa da ya bar Turai don aiki a Afirka.

## 'Yan wasa
 
* Ernest Napoleon a matsayin Dr. Lewis Burger
* Emanuela Galliussi a matsayin Laura Carmenucci
* Ashley Olds a matsayin Marina Kezerian
* Nyokabi Gethaiga a matsayin Tina
* MacDonald Haule a matsayin Bahame
* Mariam Peter a matsayin Zola Mwandenga
* Evance Bukuku a matsayin Kaligo
* Gabriel Jarret a matsayin Brian Kaufman
* Jeff Joslin a matsayin Perry Weiss
* Betty Kazimbaya a matsayin Mama Mwandenga
* Ahmed Olotu a matsayin Yazidi
* Robert Sisko a matsayin Dr. Eliot Lerner
* Richard Halverson a matsayin Cyril Flaws
* Maiz Lucero a matsayin Dr. Trout
* Sauda Simba a matsayin Rose
* Meredith Thomas a matsayin Anne Lerner
* Milena Gardasevic a matsayin Coco Banaloche
* Felix Ryan a matsayin Armen
* Artem Belov a matsayin Marvin
* Jaykesh Biharilal Rathod a matsayin Indian Doctor
* Tasha Dixon a matsayin Gwen Kaufman
* D.A. Goodman a matsayin Man in Tuxedo
* Lisa Goodman a matsayin Aunt Tia
* Libertad Green a matsayin Lady in Evening Gown
* Serdar Kalsin a matsayin Uncle Hovan
* Amby Lusekelo a matsayin Hospital Clerk
* Mzome Mahmoud a matsayin Tende
* Robert McPhalen a matsayin Featured Background
* Maulidi Mfaume a matsayin Mob Leader
* Tukise Mogoje a matsayin Tende (voice)
* Casmir Mukohi Taxi Driver
* Dennis Nicomede Man in Tuxedo
* Abraham Ntonya Taxi Driver (voice)
* Charles Onesmo Thief
* Brian Ronalds Blossey Swanson
* Stephanie Ronalds Nurse Stephanie
* Queen Victoria of Sheba a matsayin Ma
* Anthony Skordi Pop
* Patrick Stalinski a matsayin Patrick Steel
* Sewell Whitney a matsayin Bill

## Sakewa
Fim din ya fara fitowa a London a CineWorld Haymarket a ranar 4 ga watan Yuni 2015.

## Manazarta
Giran (fim)

***Giran*** fim ne na Masar na shekara ta 2009.

## Bayani game da shi
An gina shi a farkon karni na 20, unguwar Garden City karamin yanki ne da ke kan iyaka da garin Alkahira, Misira, inda shugabannin siyasa na duniya ke da mazauninsu. Giran yana tafiya da mu ta wannan unguwar kamar yadda yake a yau. Gidajen da aka watsar, dakunan dakuna masu tsada, ofisoshin jakadanci, shagunan ko rufin, inda dukan iyali ke zaune. Gidaje da mazaunansu, shaidu na canje-canje a Tarihi, suna ba da labari game da rabuwar, bege da tsira.

## Haɗin waje

*
Dear Mandela

**Dear Mandela** wani shirin fim ne na Afirka ta Kudu/Amurka na shekarar 2012, wanda ke mai da hankali kan abokai uku waɗanda ke cikin ƙungiyar Abahlali baseMjondolo . Suna yaki da kora ta hanyar kalubalantar shari'a game da Dokar KwaZulu-Natal da Rigakafin sake fitowa na Slums Act na shekarar 2007 wanda ya ƙare zuwa kotun daukaka kara ta ƙarshe, Kotun Tsarin Mulki. Kalubalen ya yi nasara amma nan da nan ya haifar da mummunan hari a kan hanyar Kennedy a cikin shekara ta 2009. Masu shirya fina-finai sun makale a cikin harin.

Abubuwan da suka faru a fim din da suka faru da daɗewa bayan Nelson Mandela ya sauka a matsayin Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu, alkawarinsa na gidaje ga dukkan 'yan ƙasa har yanzu tambaya ce ta musamman.

Kell da Christopher su ne suka rubuta, suka samar da kuma ba da umarnin fim din.  fara shi ne a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Brooklyn na 2012.

## Kyaututtuka

* Wanda ya ci nasara - Grand Chameleon Award (Fim mafi kyau) da Mafi kyawun Bayani, Brooklyn Film Festival . 
* Wanda  ci nasara - Mafi kyawun Kayan Kudancin Afirka, Bikin Fim na Duniya na Durban .
*  zabi shi - Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka don Kyautattun Bayanai a 8th Africa Movie Academy Awards .

## Manazarta
Semitic studies

**Nazarin Semitic**, ko **Semitology**, filin ilimi ne da aka sadaukar da shi ga nazarin harsuna da wallafe-wallafen Semitic da tarihin mutanen da ke magana da Semitic. Ana iya kiran mutum *Semiticist* ko *Semitist*, duka kalmomin biyu daidai ne.

Ya haɗa da Assyriology, Larabci, Hebraist, Siriyacist, Mandaean, da kuma nazarin Habasha, da kuma nazarin kwatancen harsunan Semitic da ke nufin sake gina Proto-Semitic .

## Duba kuma

* Nazarin Asiya
* Nazarin Afirka
* Falsafa

## Manazarta

* Gotthelf Bergsträsser : *Einführung in die semitischen Sprachen: Sprachproben und grammatische Skizzen*, Nachdruck, Darmstadt 1993.
* Carl Brockelmann : *Grundriss der vergleichenden Grammatik der semitischen Sprachen*, Bd. 1-2, 1908/1913.
* David Cohen : *Dictionnaire des racines sémitiques ou attestées dans les langues sémitiques* .
* Giovanni Garbini, Olivier Durand: *Gabatarwa all lingue semitiche* (1994),  (bita: Franz Rosenhal; The Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 116, 1996).
* Robert Hetzron (ed.): *Harsunan Semitic*, London 1997.
* Burkhart Kienast: *Historische semitische Sprachwissenschaft*, Wiesbaden 2001.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
End of the Dialogue

**Ƙarshen Tattaunawar (Phelandaba)** wani fim ne na 1970 na bakar fata biyar 'yan Afirka ta Kudu 'yan gudun hijira na Pan-Africanist Congress da daliban fina-finai na London da suka so rubuta wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu.Saboda tsauraran dokokin Afirka ta Kudu da ke tafiyar da abin da za a iya daukar hoto, dole ne a harbe fim din a boye a fitar da shi daga kasar.An gyara shi kuma an sake shi a Ingila.
Fim ɗin ya haifar da hayaniya lokacin da aka fara fitar da shi a cikin 1970. An sake shi a duk duniya kuma an nuna shi a talabijin a ƙasashe da yawa, ciki har da Amurka, U.K. da New Zealand. Fim din yana da kima a matsayin ba tarihin tarihi kadai ba, har ma da tarihin yadda kasashen waje suka fahimci abin da ke faruwa a Afirka ta Kudu wariyar launin fata.  The London Observer ya kira shi, "aikin da ya fi nasara na rugujewar sirri ga wariyar launin fata tsawon shekaru."

## Kyaututtuka
1970 Kyautar Ma'aikatan Fim na Katolika Golden Dove, 1970 Bikin Fim na Leipzig (Jamus) Kyautar Golden Squirrel, Cibiyar Fim ta Netherlands Kyautar Jury Inter-Film da Kyautar Juri ta Volkshoch-Schule, 1970 Bikin Filimi na Oberhausen (Jamus), 1970 Bikin Fimm na Moscow 1971 Kyautar Emmy 2003 Bikin Fim ɗin Kungiyar Nazarin Afirka

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Haɗin waje
Modern Greek studies

**Nazarin Girka na zamani** (    ) yana nufin wani horo na ilimi na ɗan adam wanda abin da yake shi ne na harshe, adabi, Kuma al'adu da bincike na yanki da na kuma al'adu da koyar da Girkanci a duniya ( Girka, Cyprus da Girkanci na Girka ) a zamani da da kuma yanzu .  Yawancin jami'o'i da cibiyoyin bincike sun mayar da hankali kan karatun Girkanci na Zamanance karmar yadda ake gani a yanzun.

## Manazarta
Influence (fim)

Influence fim  na Kanada / Afirka ta Kudu na 2020 wanda Diana Neille da Richard Poplak suka rubuta kuma suka ba da umarni. Fim din ya biyo bayan Ubangiji Tim Bell da abokan aikinsa, wadanda aka sani da rikice-rikice na siyasa. Wannan ba za a rikita shi da Drama / Mystery Thriller na 2020 na Carl Weber, Influence .

An fara gabatar da shi a duniya a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2020 a ranar 27 ga Janairu, 2020. An kuma shigar da shi a cikin bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Moscow da kuma bikin fina-fukaki na Amplify a Burtaniya. Yana cikin Turanci da Mutanen Espanya tare da subtitles na Turanci. Yana gudana na minti 90. Kamfanonin samarwa sune StoryScope da EyeSteelFilm .

## Bayani game da fim
Wannan fim din yana mai da hankali kan sanannen Ubangiji Tim Bell da abokan aikinsa, wanda aka sani da rikice-rikice na siyasa. Bell, wanda ya fara aikinsa a talla, yana da alaƙa da taƙaitaccen bayani mai wahala da "mutane masu matsala," kamar yadda yake son kiran su. Ya tsara kamfen don 'yan siyasa marasa mashahuri, masu mulkin kama karya, kamfanoni masu kunya, da kuma shahararrun mutane kamar yadda ya hada alamar samfurin - ta hanyar kasancewa taƙaitacciyar kuma mai zalunci. A shekara ta 1987 ya kafa Bell Pottinger, wanda da sauri ya zama ɗayan kamfanonin gudanar da suna a duniya - har sai ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan kamfen ɗin ya haifar da rarrabuwar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu kuma ya lalata sunan BP har zuwa wani mataki fiye da juyawa. *New York Times* ta bayyana dalilin mutuwarsa a matsayin "mummunar kunya".

## Karɓuwa mai mahimmanci
*Tasiri* yana da ƙimar 78% a kan mai tarawa na kan layi Rotten Tomatoes . 

bita sun bayyana ***Tasiri*** a matsayin cikakkiyar bayani, mai ban tsoro. Hakanan ana ɗaukarsa  wuya a bi.  sukar suna son shi gabaɗaya.

## Manazarta
African Action Congress

**African Action Congress** (AAC) jam’iyyar siyasar kasar Najeriya ta hagu, wacce dan takarar shugaban kasa na Najeriya a 2019 sannan kuma Mawallafin jaridar Sahara Reporters ya kirkira; Omoyele Sowore a yunkurinsa na tsayawa takara a zaben 2019 a tarayyar Najeriya a matsayin shugaban kasa.

An kaddamar da jam’iyyar ne a Abuja, babban birnin kasar a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, 2018. Taken jam’iyyar shi ne, a dawo da ita. Shugaban jam'iyyar na kasa da INEC ta amince da shi shine Omoyele Sowore. On Monday 13 May 2019 AAC announces expulsion of Leonard Nzenwa and suspension of other individuals for financial impropriety and anti-party activities. 

## References

***'Rubutu mai gwaɓi***'
Buddha in Afirka

Buddha a Afirka fim ne na 2019 na Afirka ta Kudu wanda Nicole Schafer ta samar, ta rubuta kuma ta ba da umarni.  din  biyo bayan labarin Enock Alu, maraya na Malawi daga ƙauyen karkara da ke girma tsakanin bambancin al'adun Afirka da tsananin horo na Confucian, darajar Buddha na tsarin Sinanci.  Yana bincika tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin 'adun kasar Sin a Malawi biyo bayan karuwar dangantakar kasuwanci tsakanin kasar Sin da Afirka a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.

Babban daukar hoto na fim din ya fara ne a shekarar 2012 kuma an jinkirta fitarwa a shekarar 2019. Fim din ya fara fitowa a duniya a Hot Docs Canadian International Film Festival a watan Afrilun 2019.  Tun daga wannan lokacin  nuna kuma ya lashe kyaututtuka a bukukuwa da yawa a duniya.

## Bayani game da fim
Enock yana da shekaru shida lokacin da aka kai shi gidan marayu na Buddha na Confucian kuma aka ba shi sunan Sinanci Alu . Ya zama ƙwararre sosai a wasan kwaikwayo.  zato ba tsammani dole ne ya yanke shawara don sake haɗuwa da al'adun Afirka ko yin rajista na shekaru biyar don yin karatu a Taiwan.

## Fitarwa
Bayan an gabatar da shi a bikin fina-finai na Durban na 2011, fim din ya sami lambar yabo ta IDFA mafi kyawun takardun shaida. Daga nan sai ta sami tallafin kasa da kasa kafin a zaba ta don dakin gwaje-gwaje na 2018 Cape Town International Film Festival Market Works-in-Progress . 

## Saki
Fim din ya fara fitowa a duniya a bikin Hot Docs na kasa da kasa na Kanada na 2019.   nan aka nuna shi a bukukuwan fina-finai da yawa ciki har da bikin fina-falla na Cambridge, bikin Encounters na Afirka ta Kudu da kuma bikin fina-fukki na Sydney.

Ba ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun takardun Afirka ta Kudu a bikin fina-finai na Durban, an zabi fim din ta atomatik don Kyautar Kwalejin.

## Karɓuwa
Andrew Parker daga shafin  gizon The Gate ya yaba da fim din fim din amma ya soki rubutun saboda abubuwan da ke ciki marasa ƙarfi.

## Manazarta
Lingual septum

doro na harshe ya ƙunshi wani nau'i mai laushi na fiber, wanda ya shimfiɗa a duk tsawon tsakiya na harshe, kodayake bai kai ga dorsum ba. Doron harshe yana  alaƙa da rukuni na hyoglossus, yana ba da izinin ɗaure harshe zuwa tsokoki na hyoid.

Kallon gani ta hanyar aiwatar da tsagi a tsaye tare da harshe da ake kira median sulcus .

Yana da kauri a baya fiye da na gaba, kuma lokaci-lokaci yana ƙunshi ƙaramin fibrocartilage, kusan 6 mm. a tsayi.&nbsp;

## Duba kuma

* Huda harshe
* Rarraba harshe
* Kogon baki
* Harshe
* Fibrous nama

## Manazarta
This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 1132 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

.
Miners Shot Down

Miners Shot Down fim ne na Afirka ta Kudu na 2014 wanda Rehad Desai ya jagoranta. Wannan fim din  binciki abubuwan da suka haifar da abin da ake kira "Marikana Massacre".  shekara ta 2015, fim din ya lashe kyautar Emmy na Duniya.

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Gudanar da jin daɗin jama'a: Lokaci, makoki da kisan kiyashi na Marikana a cikin Rehad Desai's Miners Shot Down by Helene Strauss, Critical Arts, 2016

## Hanyoyin Haɗin waje
Rough Aunties

Rough Aunties fim  na shekara ta 2008 wanda Kim Longinotto ya jagoranta game da ƙungiyar mata 5 na Operation Bobbi Bear waɗanda ke ƙarewa da kula da yara da aka zalunta, waɗanda aka yi watsi da su da kuma waɗanda aka manta da su a Durban, Afirka ta Kudu.  lashe kyautar Grand Jury a cikin rukunin 'World Cinema - Documentary' a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2009. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Haɗin waje

* 
* 
* ''Kyakkyawan Kyakkyawar'' Mata suna Yin FimMata suna yin fina-finai
After Winter: Sterling Brown

***After Winter: Sterling Brown*** (1985) fim ne game da sanannen mawaki mai suna *Sterling Brown* wanda Haile Gerima ya jagoranta.  

## Manazarta
The Silver Fez

The Silver Fez fim ne na Afirka ta Kudu na shekara ta 2009 wanda Lloyd Ross ya jagoranta.

## Bayani game da fim
Labarin ya ba da labarin Kaatji Davids, mai zane-zane wanda ke zaune a Cape Town. Yana da kuma talauci sosai, tare da tsohon banjo kawai a matsayin kayan kida, amma shi da wasu abokai na kusa suna mafarkin doke masu arziki Hadji Bucks, wanda ba a musanta shi ba na kiɗa na Cape Malay. Kyautar ita ce Silver Fez, "Mai Tsarki Grail" na al'adun Musulunci na Cape Town.   kunshi dubban mawaƙa da waƙoƙi iri-iri.

Fez (sunan ya yi samo asali ne daga fez, wani nau'in hat din felt da mazajen Malay ke sawa a Cape) gasa ce ta mawaƙa na maza daga al'ummar Malay.

## Tarihi da jigogi
Fim ɗin ya binciki ainihi da warewa tsakanin Cape Coloureds (wanda Cape Malays wani rukuni ne): mai ba da labari, Mac, ya ce: "Kun san, ga mutanena, abin da ake kira Cape coloureds na Cape Town, da yawa daga cikinmu muna jin kamar mun ɓace a cikin ƙasar da ba ta da mutum tsakanin Turai da Asiya, ba tare da tabbacin inda muka dace ba".  ila yau, yana nuna jin daɗin kasancewa wanda maza ke da shi a cikin mawaƙa.

Waƙar ta samo asali ne daga kwanakin bautar a Afirka ta Kudu, da kuma "Nederlandslied", wani nau'in waƙar da ke haɗuwa da muryoyin murya guda huɗu da aka samu a cikin kiɗa na Larabci tare da waƙoƙin kayan Yamma.  sun kasance iri ɗaya.

## Fitarwa
Lloyd Ross ne ya ba da umarnin *Silver Fez*, wanda kuma ya kasance mawaki kafin ya shiga fim.  kafa lakabin rikodin adawa da wariyar launin fata Shifty Records a 1983, sannan ya fara yin bidiyon kiɗa ga wasu mawaƙa kafin ya fara yin fina-finai a tsakiyar shekarun 1990.

din, mai tsawon minti 83, an yi shi da launi ta amfani da HDCAM, kuma yana amfani da yarukan Turanci da Afrikaans na Afirka ta Kudu.

## Kyaututtuka
An zabi fim din ne ko kuma ya lashe kyaututtuka masu zuwa a bukukuwan fina-finai daban-daban a shekara ta 2009:

* Wanda ya lashe, Muhr AsiaAfrica Special Jury Prize, Dubai International Film Festival 
* Wanda aka zaba, Kyautar Muhr AsiaAfrica, Bikin Fim na Duniya na Dubai 
* Wanda  lashe, Mafi Kyawun Takaddun shaida, Bikin Fim na Duniya na Durban [1]
* Wanda  ci nasara, Mafi kyawun Bayani, Tri Continental Film Festival, Cape Town [1]

A shekara ta 2010, an zabi The *Silver Fez* don Golden Horn don Mafi Kyawun Bayani a Kyautar Fim da Talabijin ta Afirka ta Kudu (SAFTA). 

## Manazarta
Sophiatown (fim)

Sophiatown fim ne na shekara ta 2003. Sophiatown a cikin shekarun 1950, wani yanki ne na Johannesburg Afirka ta Kudu inda dukkan kabilun suka haɗu da ƙin wariyar launin fata. Sophiatown ya shahara ne ga jazz da baƙar fata 'Yan fashi da suka rinjayi fim din Amurka wanda ya yi magana da yaren da ake kira Tsotsitaal .

Wasu daga cikin masu zane-zane da ke zaune a can sun sake duba wannan zamanin kuma suna kiran baya a cikin kide-kide biyu.

## Hanyoyin Haɗin waje
Punk in Afirka

Punk  Africa, fim ne na tarihin tarihin kiɗa na Afirka na 2012 wanda Deon Maas da Keith Jones suka jagoranta kuma darektan da kansa ya samar da shi tare da Jefe Brown .  Tauraron fim din Ivan Kadey, Paulo Chibanga, Lee Thomson, da Warwick Sony.  Fim din  kewaye da labarin yunkurin punk na launin fata a cikin rikice-rikicen siyasa da zamantakewa da aka samu a kasashe uku na Kudancin Afirka: Afirka ta Kudu, Mozambique da Zimbabwe . [failed verification] 

Fim din ya fara fitowa a ranar 29 ga watan Janairun 2012 a Amurka. Fim din  sami ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa daga masu sukar kuma an nuna shi a bukukuwan fina-finai da yawa.  fim ɗin  ƙungiyoyin kiɗa da yawa suka yi a duk faɗin Kudancin Afirka kamar su: Suck, Wild Youth, Safari Suits, Power Age, National Wake, KOOS, Kalahari Surfers, The Genuines, Hog Hog Hoggidy Hog, Fuzigish, Sibling Rivalry, 340ml (Mozambique), Panzer, The Rudimentals (Zimbabwe), Evicted, Sticky Antlers, Freak, LYT, Jagwa Music, Fruits and Veggies, Swivel Foot

cikin 2013, an saki DVD ɗin fim ɗin a matsayin sigar ƙasa da ƙasa ba tare da lambar yanki ba kuma tare da Turanci, Jamusanci, Mutanen Espanya da Portuguese subtitles don fassarar sauti na Turanci.

## Ƴan Wasa

* Paulo Chibanga
* Michael Fleck
* Ivan Kadey
* Ruben Rose
* Warrick Sony
* Lee Thomson

## Manazarta
Surfing Soweto

Surfing Soweto fim ne na shekara ta 2010 wanda Sara Blecher ta jagoranta.

## Bayani game da fim
Surfing Soweto labarin ƙarni ne da aka manta da shi: Bitch Nigga, Lefa da Mzembe uku ne daga cikin sanannun Masu hawan jirgin kasa a Soweto. Suna wakiltar ƙarni na matasa masu banƙyama, waɗanda aka haifa a lokacin alkawarin da aka yi bayan mutuwar wariyar launin fata kuma duk da haka ba tare da ƙwarewa ko duk da haka don girbe fa'idodin sabbin 'yancin da suka samu ba. Surfing Soweto  nuna su suna hawa a saman jiragen kasa (surfing Jirgin kasa) wanda a Afirka ta Kudu aka sani da "ukudlala istaff",   suna tafiya yayin da suke wucewa da igiyoyin lantarki masu kisa, da kuma kusanci da gidajensu da iyalansu.

## Kyaututtuka

* Tri-Continental 2010

## Manazarta
Runology

**Runology** shine nazarin haruffan Runic, rubutun Runic da tarihin su. Runology ya kafa reshe na musamman na ilimin harsunan Jamus .   

## Tarihi
Johannes Bureus (1568-1652) ya fara Runology, wanda ke da sha'awar ilimin harshe na *yaren Geatish* ( *Götiska språket* ), watau Old Norse . Duk da haka, bai kalli runes a matsayin haruffa kawai ba, amma wani abu ne mai tsarki ko sihiri.  

Olof Rudbeck the Elder (1630-1702) ya ci gaba da nazarin runes kuma ya gabatar a cikin tarinsa *Atlantica* . Masanin kimiyyar lissafi Anders Celsius (1701-1744) ya kara fadada ilimin runes kuma ya zagaya duk kasar Sweden don bincika *bautastenar* ( megaliths, yau ana kiransa runestones ). Wani rubutun farko shine *Runologia* na 1732 na Jón Olafsson na Grunnavík .

An fahimci rubutun runic iri-iri a karni na 19, lokacin da binciken su ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na ilimin falsafa na Jamusanci da ilimin harshe na tarihi . Wilhelm Grimm ya buga *Über deutsche Runen* a cikin 1821, inda a tsakanin sauran abubuwa ya zauna a kan " Marcomannic runes " (babi na 18, shafi na 18).&nbsp;149-159). A cikin 1828, ya buga kari, mai suna *Zur Literatur der Runen*, inda ya tattauna game da *Abecedarium Nordmannicum* .

Sveriges runinskrifter aka buga daga 1900. "Runic Archives" na Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Al'adu a Jami'ar Oslo ne ya buga mujallar Nytt om runer daga 1985. Aikin Rundata, wanda ke nufin ƙasidar da za a iya karanta na'ura na rubutun runic, an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 1993.

## Duba kuma

* Bautil
* Jerin runestones
* List of runologists
* Tafsirin Runic da rubutawa
* Sveriges runinskrifter

## Manazarta
Ni Noma

***Ni Noma*** fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo, da aka shirya shi a shekarar alif 2016 na Tanzaniya tare da Elizabeth Michael da masu goyon baya 'yan wasan kwaikwayo Kulwa Kikumbe da Isarito ,Mwakalikamo.  

## Takaitaccen bayani
Angela budurwa, ce kyakkyawa wacce ke amfani da kyawunta don yin rayuwa mai daɗi ta hanyar haɗa maza. Wata rana ta zuba jarinta ya zubar da ita ba zato ba tsammani kuma Angela ta yanke shawarar ɗaukar wasan conning zuwa mataki na gaba ta hanyar samun aiki a wani kamfani ta hanyar yaudarar shugaba. Ba tare da wata fasaha da aka ɗauke ta ba, ta dogara ga wani mai gadi haziki mai suna Steve don yin aikinta na ofis. Abin da ba ta gane ba shi ne abin da ya faru a baya ya kusa kama ta ya canza rayuwarta har abada.

## 'Yan wasa

* Elizabeth Michael a matsayin Angela
* Isarito Mwakalikamo a matsayin Steven
* Kulwa Kikumba a matsayin Daniel

## Samarwa
An nuna Ni Noma a Dar Es Salaam, Tanzaniya, kuma Proin Promotions Tanzania Ltd ne ya samar da shi. An saki Principal photography a cikin shekarar 2015 yayin nunin.  Fim ɗin da jaruma Elizabeth Michael ta shirya kuma shi ne fim ɗin ta na uku da ta yi kokari a matsayinta na furodusa.

## Gabatarwa
An yi wa fim ɗin ba'a a shafukan sada zumunta. A watan Yuli kafin fitowar fim ɗin, Elizabeth Michael (Lulu) wadda ta shirya fim ɗin ta zagaya kafafen yaɗa labarai domin tallata fim ɗin.  Ta yi rangadi a Bongo5.com, ɗaya daga cikin manyan gidajen yanar gizon Tanzaniya.  Ta kuma zagaya da darakta Karabani a Clouds Tv domin tallata fim ɗin. Ta kuma yi rangadi a rediyon Swahili na BBC.

## Sakewa
An saki tirelar teaser na farko a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu, 2016 akan tashar Proin Promotions' YouTube, kuma jagorar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo/producer Elizabeth Michael sannan ta loda teaser daban-daban akan hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa daban-daban. An fito da tirela na fim ɗin a ranar 23 ga watan Yuni, 2017 akan tashar Proin Promotions' YouTube. An saki fim ɗin a hukumance a ranar 15 ga watan Yuli, 2016 akan layi; mutane za su iya siyan fim ɗin ta hanyar zazzage aikace-aikacen *ProinBox* . A ranar 12 ga watan Yuni, 2020 Furodusa kuma fitacciyar jarumar fim ɗin Elizabeth Michael ta yarda cewa fim ɗin bai haɗu da masu kallo da yawa ba saboda dandalin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen siyar da fim ɗin. Saboda haka an ɗora shi a tashar YouTube ta Elizabeth Michael, fim ɗin ya sami ra'ayoyi sama da miliyan 1 tare da kyakkyawan nazari a cikin ƙasa da mako guda wanda ya zama fim ɗin Tanzaniya na farko da ya fara yin hakan.

## Manazarta
Tapologo

**Tapologo** Fim ne na shekara ta 2007.

## Bayani game da fim
A Freedom Park, wani yanki a Afirka ta Kudu, wani rukuni na tsoffin ma'aikatan jima'i da suka kamu da kwayar cutar HIV, sun kirkiro cibiyar sadarwa da ake kira Tapologo. Sun koyi kula da al'ummarsu, suna canza ƙasƙanci zuwa hadin kai da lalata zuwa bege. Bishop na Katolika Kevin Dowling ya shiga cikin Tapologo, kuma ya haifar da shakku game da koyarwar hukuma ta Cocin Katolika game da Cutar kanjamau da jima'i a cikin yanayin Afirka.

## Manazarta
Boxing Libreville

***Boxing Libreville*** fim ne da aka fitar a shekarar 2018 game da gwagwarmaya da wahala wani saurayi na Gabon, Kristi, ya yi a cikin tafiyarsa don zama ɗan dambe da kuma yadda aka nuna shi a cikin gwagwarmayar dimokuradiyya a kasar. Amédée Pacôme Nkoulou ne ya ba da umarnin, kuma shi ne fim dinsa na farko.

## Bayani game da shi
An yi fim a shekarar 2016 Christ Olsen Mickala matashi ne mai son dambe wanda ke zaune a Libreville, babban birnin Gabon na Afirka ta tsakiya. Kristi yana ciyar da dukan horo na rana a cikin dambe, yayin da da da dare yake aiki a matsayin mai ƙofar a cikin gidajen rawa na dare don samun kuɗi. A halin yanzu, gwagwarmayar da Kristi ke jimrewa a cikin mafarkinsa na dambe an nuna ta da gwagwarmaya don dimokuradiyya a Gabon a lokacin Zaben shugaban kasa na wannan shekarar. Ko zaben da alama ba shi da tushe, tasirinsa a Gabon zai shafi mutanenta na shekaru da yawa masu zuwa.

## Fitarwa
Princess M, ADV productions, da Les Films du Bilboquet ne suka samar da shirin. Kamar yad yake sau da yawa tare da fina-finai na Afirka, an yi hankali na musamman don kauce wa tantancewa, kamar mayar da hankali ga rayuwar Kristi da horo ba kan siyasa ba, kodayake ƙarshen shine babban tushen fim din. Samar  fim din hadin gwiwa ne na kasa da kasa, tare da Princess M da ke zaune a Gabon, shirye-shiryen ADV da ke zaune ne a Belgium, kuma Les Films du Bilboquet da ke zaune ce a Faransa.

## Saki da karɓuwa
An karɓi Boxing Libreville da ƙwazo. Ya sami lambar yabo don mafi kyawun takardun shaida a Festival de cine africano de Tarif a Spain.  Fim din  kuma sami Kyautar Juri ta Musamman ta Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Agadir a Maroko. [1] Boxing Libreville  shiga gasar fina-finai ta kasa da kasa a Visions du Réel . [1]  nuna shi a wasu bukukuwan fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da Internationales Dokumentarfilmfestival München [1] da Ecrans Noirs a Kamaru. [2] Darakta  tattauna game da kirkirar ci gaba.

## Manazarta
Ibrahim (fim 2015)

Ibrahim fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu na 2015 wanda Jans Rautenbach ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni. Wannan fim  na karshe na Rautenbach kafin mutuwarsa.  saki Ibrahim a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2015 a Afirka ta Kudu.

## Gabatarwa
Wani mai zane-zane mai basira  ke zaune cikin talauci a cikin karkara na Kannaland na 1980 yana ƙoƙari ya yi amfani da sana'arsa don samun isasshen kuɗi don ciyar da iyalinsa.

## Ƴan Wasa

* D.J. Mouton a matsayin Ibrahim
*  a matsayin Jans
*  a matsayin Almeri
* Chantell Phillipus a matsayin Katie
* Jill Levenberg a matsayin Beulah
* Frans Lucas a matsayin Dirk

## Sakamakon kiɗa
Riku Lätti ne ya kirkiro dukkan waƙoƙin *Ibrahim* kuma an rubuta su a wurin a Vlakteplaas kusa da De Rust tare da duk waƙoƙinsa da aka yi amfani da su a fim din da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo daga fim din suka rera. Kayan aiki da salon kiɗa suma suna nuna kayan kida da salon kiɗan kamar yadda mawaƙa daga wannan yanki suka buga don ƙirƙirar shimfidar wuri mai kyau ga shimfidar gani da aka gani a cikin fim ɗin. An samar da sauti na Ibrahim ga jama'a ta hanyar Die Wasgoedlyn

## Karɓuwa
 din  sami yabo mai mahimmanci.

 Dercksen, a rubuce don The Writing Studio, ya yaba da fim din, yana cewa: "Ibrahim babban aiki ne mai zurfi".

## Duba kuma

* Jerin fina-finai na Afirka ta Kudu

## Manazarta
Circles in forest

**Circles in a Forest** fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu na 1989 wanda Regardt van den Bergh ya jagoranta kuma ya hada da Ian Bannen, Brion James da Joe Stewardson. Leonard Rosenman ne ya kirkiro fim din.

Fim din ya samo asali ne daga littafin Dalene Matthee .

## Labarin fim
Saul Barnard ya yi abota da giwa tun yana yaro, kuma daga baya ya dawo ya cece shi a matsayin mutum.

## Ƴan Wasa

* Ian Bannen a matsayin MacDonald
* Brion James a matsayin Mista Patterson
* Dorette Potgieter a matsayin Jane
* Joe Stewardson a matsayin Joram Barnard
* Judi Trott a matsayin Kate MacDonald
* Arnold Vosloo a matsayin Saul Barnard

## Manazarta
Debbie (fim)

Debbie, fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu na 1965 wanda Elmo De Witt ya jagoranta kuma Jamie Uys ya samar da shi don Jamie Uys Film.    fim din Suzanne van Oudtshoorn a matsayin jagora tare da Leon le Roux, Gert van den Bergh da Dawid van der Walt a matsayin tallafi.

Fim din  kewaye da wata yarinya matashiya Debbie Malan wacce ta tafi garin kuma ta yi ciki ba tare da aure ba. Fim din ya sami bita mai kyau kuma ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa a bukukuwan fina-finai na kasa da kasa.

## Ƴan Wasa

* Suzanne van Oudtshoorn a matsayin Debbie Malan
* Leon le Roux a matsayin Paul Hugo
* Gert van den Bergh a matsayin Dokta Chris Hugo
* Dawie van der Walt a matsayin Pieter le Grange
* Beryl Gresak a matsayin Tina Hugo
* Mynhardt Siegfried Mynhardt a matsayin Mista Malan
* Hettie Uys a matsayin Mrs. Malan
* Emsie Botha a matsayin Trudi
* Sann de Lange a matsayin Hester Schoombie
* Cobus Rossouw a matsayin Bennie
* Wena Naudé a matsayin mace a coci
* Cathy Meyers
* Johan du Plooy a matsayin mataimakin majistare
* Yuni Neethling a matsayin uwargidan
* Vonk de Ridder a matsayin Johan
* Frances Fuchs a matsayin kawun Debbie
* Robert van Tonder
* Deanne de Witt a matsayin 'yar Debbie da Paul

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Haɗin waje

* 
* YouTube.com/watch?v=5_sochCDIhI" id="mwXg" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">*Debbie* a YouTube
Who I Am Not

Wanene  fim ne na shekarar 2023 wanda ke bincika abin da yake nufi a zama Intersex a cikin duniyar binary, wanda Tunde Skovran ya jagoranta.  Ita ce ta farko a matsayin darakta.  Zinca da Patricia Arquette ne suka samar da shi. Greenwich Entertainment acquired rights to the film.    Greenwich Enter ta sami haƙƙin fim ɗin.

## Bayani game da fim
Sharon-Rose Khumalo, sarauniyar kyakkyawa ta kasar  Afirka ta Kudu, ta shiga cikin rikice-rikicen ainihi bayan ta gano cewa tana da jima'i. A cikin bincikenta na magance matsalar jinsi, tana buƙatar jagorancin wani kamar ita.

Mutumin da zai taimaka shi ne Dimakatso Sebidi, namiji mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama wanda ya zama akasin ta.  guda biyu amma daban-daban suna ba da kyakkyawar kallo game da gwagwarmayar rayuwa a cikin duniyar namiji da mace, lokacin da aka haife ka a tsakanin.

## Amsa
Fim din ya lashe lambar yabo ta masu sauraro don Fasahar Bayanai a bikin Fina-finai na Frameline na shekarar 2023. 

## Manazarta
Jerin fina-finan Gabon

## A

* *Ayouma* (1978) 

## B

* Boxing Libreville (2018) 

## C

* Cage, La (1963) 
* Katin gidan waya a kan Port-Gentil (1979) 
* Har yanzu kuna gudana, kuna sha'awar (2003) 

## D

* [Hotuna a shafi na 9]
* Gobe sabuwar rana (1979) 
* Rashin aure, Le (2008) 
* *Djogo* (2002) 
* *Dupa-amiaza unui tortionar* (2001) 
* *Doll* (2000) 

## E

* *[[Equateur (fim)|Ecuador]]* (1983) 
* Erable da kuma okumé, L' (1983) 

## G

* [Hasiya]

## I

* Bayyanawa (1972) 
* *Ya kasance a Libreville* (1972) 
* *Ilombe* (1979) 

## L

* Shiru na daji (2003) 

## O

* *O'Bali* (1977) 
* *Okoumé itace na kasa"* (1980) 
* *Ina kake zuwa, Koumba?* (1971)

## P

* Bayani na Ogooue na teku (1982) 

## R

* *[[The Rhythm of My Life: Ismael Sankara|Rhythm Of My Life: Ismael Sankara]]* (2011) 

## T

* Tam Tam sun yi ka'ida, Les (1972) 
* Yankin zinariya, Les (1925) 

## Manazarta