open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Grumpy Old Bookman

***Grumpy Old Bookman*** wani shafin yanar gizo ne na adabi wanda Michael Allen ya fara   a ƙarshen Maris 2004. An tattara wasu kasidu da sharhi da aka buga a can a cikin littafinsa na 2005 *mai suna Grumpy Old Bookman* .

## Tarihi
The Grumpy Old Bookman an yi niyya ne ga masu karatu da marubutan, kuma abun ciki yana hulɗa kusan gaba ɗaya da littattafai da bugawa, gami da irin waɗannan batutuwa kamar ci gaba ga marubutan  da ingancin hanyoyin sake dubawa na masu bugawa.  Ba da daɗewa ba ya sami suna don magana da sauƙi da jayayya. Wani shigarwa na al'ada zai zama dogon bita na littafi, ko kuma tunanin marubucin game da wani bangare na duniyar littafin, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar wani abu na labarai na baya-bayan nan.

## Karɓar baƙi
A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2005 *[[The Guardian]]* ta lissafa shafin yanar gizon GOB a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan shafukan yanar gizo goma.

A watan Nuwamba na 2007, Allen ya sanar a shafinsa na yanar gizo cewa zai yi "sabti". 

Ya ci gaba da rubuta rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo a watan Mayu na 2012. 

A shekarar 2021, Allen ya sanar da cewa an gano yana dauke da cutar Alzheimer . 

## Duba kuma

* *Tsofaffin Maza Masu Jin Kai (rashin fahimta)*

## Manazarta
Elden Campbell

**Elden Jerome Campbell**(Yuli 23, 1968 - Disamba 1, 2025) ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon Kwando na ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙwallaye na ƙwƙwalwar ƙwallon ƙwallonƙwalwar Ƙwallon ƙwalwar ƙwalwar Ƙwararrun ƙwallon Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun . Ya buga wasan Kwando na kwaleji ga Clemson Tigers, inda ya sami girmamawa a matsayin babba jami'in a shekarar 1990. Lakers ne suka zaba Campbell a zagaye na farko na shirin NBA na 1990 tare da zabin 27 gaba ɗaya. Ya shafe shekaru tara na farko a NBA tare da Lakers da sauran tare da wasu kungiyoyi daban-daban. Ya lashe Gasar NBA tare da Detroit Pistons a shekara ta 2004.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife shi a Los Angeles, Campbell ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Morningside a Inglewood, California, kafin ya buga wasan kwando na kwaleji a Jami'ar Clemson don Tigers. Ya sami lambar yabo ta uku ta All-Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) daga Associated Press a matsayin mai karatun digiri na biyu a 1987-88, lokacin da ya sami maki 18.8 a kowane wasa. Ya kasance na biyu na All-ACC selection a cikin ƙaramin shekarunsa a cikin tawagar Tigers ta 1988-89 wanda ya ci gaba zuwa Gasar NCAA ta 1989. A matsayinsa na babba jami'i a shekarar 1989-90, Campbell ya jagoranci su zuwa rikodin 26-9 da kuma shirin na yau da kullun na ACC . An ba shi suna mai daraja All-American da kuma All-ACC na farko. A Gasar NCAA ta 1990, Clemson ya rasa a Sweet 16 zuwa Connecticut a kan buzzer-beater. Campbell ya zira kwallaye 1,880 a Clemson kuma yana riƙe da rikodin makaranta don maki, kuma yana da na biyu a cikin ginshiƙan aiki tare da 334.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
A shekara ta 2000, an shigar da Campbell cikin Clemson Hall of Fame .  A cikin 2024, an zaɓi Campbell don aji na 2025 na Gidan Wasan Kwando na Kudancin California . 
Campbell ya mutu ne sakamakon nutsewa ta hanyar haɗari yayin kamun kifi a Pompano Beach, Florida, a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 2025, yana da shekaru 57. Ya auri Rosemary kuma yana da 'ya'ya hudu.

## Manazarta
Halo (bar)

**Halo** mashaya ce ta 'yan luwadi da ke lamba 1435 P Street NW a unguwar Logan Circle da ke Washington, DC, Amurka. An kafa Halo a shekarar 2004 ta Ed Bailey da John Guggenmos, kuma ta fara samun karbuwa ta hanyar kasancewa daya daga cikin 'yan mashaya 'yan luwadi da ba sa shan taba a birnin kafin a kafa dokar hana shan taba a watan Janairun 2007.   Bailey da Guggenmos sun fara wasu kungiyoyin LGBT na Washington DC da taruka ciki har da bikin Velvet Nation a Nation, Tracks, Millennium a 9:30 Club, Ozone, da Cobalt.  A shekarar 2007, Bailey da Guggenmos sun sayar da sauran kason Halo ga Babak Movahedi kuma suka bude Town Danceboutique a U Street, NW.  

Wurin da Halo yake, gini ne mai hawa biyu, wanda a da yake aiki a matsayin shagon gyaran motoci. Lokacin da aka buɗe mashaya a shekarar 2004, Halo ya yi amfani da bene na biyu kawai, kuma faɗinsa ya kai    .  A watan Satumba na 2005, an buɗe bene na farko na Halo, wanda ya kawo jimlar sararin zuwa kusan    mai ɗaukar mutane 200.  Tsarin cikin gidan Halo wanda Greg Keffer na Studios Architecture ya yi tasiri ga motsin Art Deco . Sandar ta ƙunshi rufin lanƙwasa, fararen bango, hasken shuɗi da shunayya, kujerun sandar azurfa, da kuma liyafa mai lanƙwasa.  A watan Agusta na 2008, bene na biyu ya sami kuɗin $200,000 ( equivalent to $290,000 a shekarar 2024 [ 7 ] ) gyaran da Paolo Zavala na VOA Associates Incorporated ya tsara wanda aka bayyana a matsayin na baya-bayan nan kuma idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan da suka faru daga fim ɗin Stanley Kubrick, *A Clockwork Orange* .  An sake buɗe mashayar bene na biyu a ranar 5 ga Satumba, 2008, kuma ya haɗa da bikin yanke igiya da Adrian Fenty, magajin garin Gundumar Columbia a lokacin ya yi. 

An rufe Halo a farkon shekarar 2010, kuma Mova Lounge ta maye gurbinsa. Mova Lounge ta ayyana fatara a watan Oktoban 2010.  Mova Lounge ta rufe a watan Disamba na 2012. An gyara wurin sosai (an cire mafi yawan kamanninsa na zamani) kuma an mamaye shi da Lambar Nine a farkon shekarar 2011. Sabon mashayar tana kula da abokan ciniki da yawa fiye da Halo ko Mova Lounge, kodayake yawancin abokan cinikinta har yanzu maza ne 'yan luwadi . 

## Duba kuma
 

* Mataki na 1 (sanduna)
* Ziegfeld's

## Manazarta
Rarrabawar Bonner

**Sashen Bonner** wani sashe ne na zaɓen Australiya da ke Queensland, wanda ke cikin yankunan gabashin Brisbane, ciki har da yankunan Chandler, Carindale, Manly, Mansfield, Mount Gravatt, Wishart da Wynnum. 'Yar majalisar da ke kan mulki a yanzu ita ce Kara Cook ta jam'iyyar Labour.

## Yanayin ƙasa
Ana ƙayyade iyakokin raba zaɓe na tarayya a Ostiraliya ta hanyar sake rarrabawa ta hanyar kwamitin sake rarrabawa da Hukumar Zaɓe ta Ostiraliya ta naɗa. Ana sake rarrabawa ga iyakokin rabawa a cikin wani takamaiman jiha, kuma suna faruwa duk bayan shekaru bakwai, ko kuma kafin lokacin da haƙƙin wakilcin jiha ya canza ko kuma lokacin da aka yi kuskuren rabawa na wata jiha.

## Tarihi

An ƙirƙiri wannan sashe a shekara ta 2004 kuma an sanya masa suna ne bayan Neville Bonner, mutumin farko ɗan asalin ƙasar Australiya da ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dokokin Australiya. Bonner ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dattawan Tarayya a matsayin Sanata mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na Queensland. 

Kujerar tana da rinjayen jam'iyyar Labour a lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri ta, amma jam'iyyar Liberal ta lashe ta a shekarar 2004 da ɗan ƙaramin rinjaye. Kerry Rea ya sake samun kujerar jam'iyyar Labour a shekarar 2007. Sannan Ross Vasta ya sake samun kujerar jam'iyyar LNP a zaɓen 2010. Daga nan Vasta ya ci gaba da zama ɗan majalisar wakilai na Bonner har zuwa zaɓen tarayya na 2025 inda ya rasa kujerar ga Kara Cook na jam'iyyar Labour.

## Mambobin

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Tennis ta Duniya ta Abu Dhabi

**Cibiyar Tennis ta Duniya**, wacce aka fi sani da **Abu Dhabi International Tennis Complex**, filin wasa ne da ke Abu Dhabi, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa.

An buɗe ginin a shekarar 2004 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Zayed Sports City .  Yana da wurin zama na mutane 5,000 a Cibiyar Kotun da kuma 600 a Kotun 2. Birnin wasanni yana da wasu manyan wuraren wasanni da nishaɗi guda uku. 

## Gine-gine
Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan, tsohon shugaban Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa da kuma Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, shugaban da ke kan mulki ne suka gabatar da shawarar gina filin wasa a Abu Dhabi. An bai wa hukumomin birnin Abu Dhabi da ma'aikatar tsara birane aikin gina filin wasan Tennis.

## Gasassun gasa
Gasar farko da aka gudanar a wurin ita ce *Gasar Tennis ta Ƙwararru ta Abu Dhabi 2006,* wadda ta kasance wani ɓangare na jerin wasannin ATP na gaba a 2006. A shekarar 2009, an gudanar da wani taron baje kolin ƙwararru, wato Gasar Tennis ta Duniya ta Capitala, a karon farko, inda shida daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa goma na duniya suka halarta. Wurin kuma a halin yanzu yana karɓar bakuncin gasar Abu Dhabi Open, gasar WTA 500. 

## Manazarta
Gidan Kula da Ahuriri

**Wurin Kiyaye Ahuriri** yanki ne mai kariya mai fadin hekta 49,000, gami da ciyayin tussock, dazuzzuka, da kuma mazaunin koguna, wanda ke Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand, kuma yana tsakiyar kogin Ahuriri .  

Wurin shakatawa ya haɗa da hanyoyi da bukkoki.    Ana amfani da duwatsu, dazuzzuka, filayen tussock da kwaruruka na koguna don tattaka, kayak na kamun kifi, hawa dawaki da farauta. 

Wurin shakatawa da kuma tashar Ben Avon da ke makwabtaka da su suna kusa da Aoraki Mackenzie International Dark Sky Reserve, wani wurin adana abubuwa masu duhu, kuma ana amfani da su wajen ilmin taurari. 

Garin Omara mai yawon bude ido ne ke kula da shi.  

## Tarihi
An kafa wurin shakatawa a shekarar 2005, kuma ya haɗa da gonar hayar tashar Birchwood da gwamnatin New Zealand ta saya kan dala miliyan NZ $10 a shekarar 2004. Ya ƙunshi wurare masu faɗi da ba a gina su ba.  Tashar Birchwood ta ci gaba da ayyukan noma na yau da kullun har zuwa ƙarshen hayar a shekarar 2010. 

Majalisar gundumar Waitaki ta daina kula da hanyar zuwa tsohon gidan Birchwood Station a shekarar 2011. 

A shekarar 2014, masanin muhalli Peter Espie ya ba da rahoton raguwar nau'ikan shuke-shuke na asali a wurin shakatawa, kuma ya ba da shawarar gabatar da kula da kiwo. 

An ɗauki wasu sassan fim ɗin Disney na 2020 *[[Mulan (2020 film)|Mulan]]* a kwarin Ahuriri kusa da wurin shakatawa na kiyayewa, ciki har da wuraren sansanin horo da wasu wuraren yaƙi. 

## Duba kuma

* Wuraren shakatawa na kiyayewa na New Zealand

## Manazarta
Masu Gidajen sansani

**Sansanin Eggers** sansanin sojojin Amurka ne da ke Kabul, Afghanistan, wanda ke kusa da Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka da Fadar Shugaban Afghanistan. An sanya wa sansanin suna ne bayan Kyaftin Daniel W. Eggers, wani sojan Amurka daga Bataliya ta 1, Rukunin Sojoji na Musamman na 3 (Airborne), Fort Bragg, North Carolina, wanda aka kashe da wani abu mai fashewa (IED) tare da wasu sojoji uku a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2004 kusa da Kandahar . An rufe sansanin Eggers a shekarar 2015 a matsayin wani ɓangare na janyewar sojojin Amurka daga Afghanistan (2011–2016). 

## Bayani
Sansanin Eggers ya kasance wurin da Rundunar Sojojin Haɗaka - Afghanistan (CFC-A) da kuma Rundunar Canjin Tsaro ta Haɗaka - Afghanistan (CSTC-A). Duk rassan sojojin Amurka da kuma Rundunar Taimakon Tsaro ta Duniya (ISAF) ne suka yi amfani da shi.

## Ma'aikata da aka sani

* Laftanar Janar David Barno, Kwamandan Sojin Hadin Gwiwa na farko a Afghanistan

## Manazarta
Asibitin Galway

**The Galway Clinic** ( Irish   ) asibiti ne mai zaman kansa a Galway, Ireland . 

## Tarihi
Likitocin tiyata Joseph Sheehan da Jimmy Sheehan ne suka kafa asibitin, waɗanda suka kafa asibitin Blackrock a Dublin.  An gina shi akan kuɗin Yuro miliyan 100 kuma an buɗe shi a watan Yunin 2004.  Ya kawo maganin radiation, tiyatar zuciya da kuma gwajin PET / CT zuwa yammacin Ireland a karon farko. 

## Ayyuka
Asibitin yana da gadaje 136 da kuma ɗakunan ba da shawara guda 36. 

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Al McGuire

**Cibiyar Al McGuire** filin wasa ne mai kujeru 3,700 a Milwaukee, Wisconsin, wanda ke zama filin wasa na ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon raga na mata na Marquette Golden Eagles ; kuma yana aiki a matsayin wurin atisaye ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza . Kudinsa ya kai dala $31.&nbsp;An buɗe cibiyar wasanni miliyan ɗaya a shekara ta 2004, wanda ya maye gurbin Marquette Gymnasium . An sanya wa wannan rukunin suna ne saboda Al McGuire, kocin da ya jagoranci ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza zuwa gasar NCAA, gasar NIT, da nasarori 295 a cikin shekaru 13. Cibiyar McGuire tana ba da wuraren atisaye ga ƙwallon kwando na maza da mata, gami da ƙarfi da motsa jiki da wuraren motsa jiki na wasanni, cibiyar ilimi ga ɗaliban 'yan wasa, da kuma Zauren Shahararrun Wasanni na Marquette. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin filayen wasan ƙwallon kwando na NCAA Division I

## Manazarta
Gidan Akorda

**Gidan Akorda** ( Kazakh  , *Aqorda rezidentsiyasy*, lit. '   ) shine ofishin shugaban Kazakhstan na hukuma, wanda ke cikin babban birnin Astana . An gina Fadar cikin shekaru uku,  kuma an buɗe ta a hukumance a shekarar 2004. Ƙungiyar Mabetex,  wacce Behgjet Pacolli, shugaban Kosovo na 3 kuma mataimakin firaminista na 1 na Kosovo ya kafa ne ta gina ta.

Yana gefen hagu na Kogin Ishim (Esil), shine wurin aikin shugaban ƙasa kuma yana ɗauke da ma'aikatan Gwamnatin Shugaban Ƙasa; ba wurin zama na shugaban ƙasa ba ne.  Fadar ta ƙunshi kumbo mai launin shuɗi da zinare wanda aka ɗora da spire. Wannan mutum-mutumin zinare a saman kumbon ya haɗa da rana mai haskoki 32 a samansa, kuma ya haɗa da gaggafa mai tsayi yana tashi a ƙarƙashin rana.  

Tsawon ginin (har da spire) ya kai mita 80.  Bene na farko ya haɗa da Babban Babban Zaure, Zauren Taro na 'Yan Jarida, Zauren Gala, da Lambun Lokacin Hunturu.  Bene na biyu ya haɗa da ofisoshi,  yayin da ake amfani da bene na uku don tarurrukan ƙasashen duniya, kuma ya haɗa da dakunan taro daban-daban (Marble Hall; Golden Hall; Oval Hall; Oriental Hall, wanda aka gina a cikin siffar yurt ;  Zauren Tattaunawa Mai Tsawo).  Bene na huɗu ya haɗa da Dome Hall, zauren taro na Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar, da Laburare. 

Launin zinare ya bayyana a fili a cikin hadaddun kuma an yi amfani da nau'ikan marmara ashirin da ɗaya don tsarin bene. 

## Hotunan Hotuna

File:Ak_orda.jpg|alt=Ak Orda at night| Ak Orda da dare
Fayil:KZ10000KZT2012reverse.jpg|alt=2012 series 10,000 tenge note featuring Ak Orda| 2012 jerin 10,000 tenge note mai nuna Ak Orda
Fayil:Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_receives_a_guard_of_honour_in_Kazakhstan.jpg|alt=Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi inspecting the Guard of Honour, Ak Orda (2015)| Shugaban Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev da Firayim Ministan Indiya Narendra Modi suna duba Guard of Honour, Ak Orda (2015)


## Manazarta
Cibiyar Fasaha ta Belconnen

**Cibiyar Fasaha ta Belconnen** wani wurin fasaha ne a Canberra wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 2009. Gwamnatin ACT ce ke mallakar wurin kuma Belconnen Arts Centre Incorporated ce ke kula da shi. Ƙaramin rukuni na ma'aikata ne ke gudanar da cibiyar, tare da tallafi daga masu sa kai.

## Gine-gine
Williams Ross Architects ne suka tsara Cibiyar Fasaha ta Belconnen kuma Project Coordination Australia P/L ta gina ta. Ginin yana bakin tekun Tafkin Ginninderra kusa da tsakiyar gundumar kasuwanci ta Belconnen.

A shekarar 2018, an faɗaɗa Cibiyar tare da ɗakunan rawa, gidajen shayi, ɗakunan taro, da kuma ingantaccen filin wasa.[1] Gwamnatin ACT ta zuba jarin dala miliyan 15 a cikin shekaru uku don faɗaɗa ta.[2] [3] An fara aiki a wurin a watan Disamba na 2018; an kammala shi kuma an sake buɗe shi ga jama'a a hukumance a watan Agusta na 2020.[1] [4] Sabon reshen ya haɗa da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na akwatin baƙi mai kujeru 400, ƙarin wurin baje kolin kayayyaki, da ofisoshin kamfanoni na mazauna.[3]

## Ci gaban azuzuwan rawa
Ƙungiyar da ba ta riba ba, Dance for Parkinson's Australia, tana gudanar da azuzuwan mutane masu fama da cutar Parkinson a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Belconnen. An fara aikin a watan Mayun 2013 a Sydney da kuma Queensland Ballet da ke Brisbane, ya faɗaɗa zuwa Canberra a watan Yuli na wannan shekarar tare da tallafi daga Parkinson's ACT, Shirin Tallafin Shiga Cikin Gida na Gwamnatin ACT, da Gidauniyar IMB.

## Manazarta
Gidan Gidan Gida na Waterloo, Sydney

File:Waterloo_Town_Hall_c._1900.jpg|alt=Waterloo Town Hall c. 1916, showing the original ironwork verandahs and fencing| Zauren Garin Waterloo , yana nuna baranda da shingen ƙarfe na asali
Fayil:1_Former_Waterloo_Town_Hall.JPG|alt=Waterloo Town Hall, pictured in 2011| Zauren Garin Waterloo, wanda aka ɗauka a shekarar 2011


**Zauren Garin Waterloo** zauren taro ne da aka lissafa a matsayin na tarihi wanda ke Waterloo, wani yanki na Sydney, New South Wales, Ostiraliya. An gina shi a 770 Elizabeth Street, a shekarar 1880-82 a cikin salon gine-ginen Italiyanci na Victorian tare da abubuwan Daular Second ta John Smedley, Edward Hughes da Ambrose Thornley. Zauren gari shine wurin da Majalisar Karamar Hukumar Waterloo ke zama daga 1882 zuwa 1948 kuma tun daga 1972 akwai **Laburaren Waterloo**, wani reshe na Laburaren Birnin Sydney (kuma a da Laburaren Kudancin Sydney) yana kula da Waterloo da Alexandria.

## Tarihi da bayanin
Lokacin da aka ayyana Municipality of Waterloo a watan Mayu na shekarar 1860, majalisar ta fara haɗuwa a ɗaki a kan titin Botany. Duk da haka, lokacin da ɓangaren Alexandria na yankin majalisar ya rabu ya kafa nasa karamar hukuma a watan Agusta na shekarar 1868, majalisar ta yi taro a wani ɗaki a titin Wellington, Waterloo, har sai da suka ba da umarnin gina sabon zauren gari a shekarar 1880.[1] A shekarar 1880, majalisar ta yi hayar wani yanki na fili a titin Elizabeth don zauren gari, kuma an samu daga dangin Cooper a kan haya na £10 a kowace shekara. Majalisar ta ci gaba da biyan wannan haya har zuwa 1912, lokacin da Sir William Cooper, Baronet na 3, ya ba majalisar ikon mallakar ƙasar.[2]

An ba wa Zauren Gari izinin zama na Victorian-Italiyanci tare da zane na Daular Second ta hannun Architect Edward Hughes, tare da kula da ginin karkashin jagorancin Ambrose Thornton Jnr da John Smedley, na kamfanin Thornley & Smedley. Duk da haka, ginin Zauren, wanda masu ginin Bretnall & Poulton suka yi, ya fuskanci matsaloli da dama, jinkiri da faɗaɗawa, tare da kuɗin ƙarshe na £3500 (daga ainihin kuɗin £2600) tare da kuɗin riba na £370 na shekara-shekara.[1] [2] Majalisar Karamar Hukumar Waterloo ta fara taro a zauren a ranar 19 ga Agusta 1882.[3]

## Hotunan Hotuna

## Manazarta
Laburaren Mata, Sydney

**Laburaren Mata** ("TWL") da ke Newtown, Sydney, Ostiraliya, wani ɗakin karatu ne da ke cikin al'umma kuma cibiyar ayyukan 'yan madigo da mata. Yana ɗauke da littattafai "na mata, ga mata" kuma yana da nufin sa littattafan mata da 'yan madigo su zama masu sauƙin samu.

## Ayyuka
An gina Laburaren Mata bisa ga ƙoƙarin masu sa kai da kuma gudummawar dubban mata tun lokacin da aka kafa shi. Ana ci gaba da kula da shi gaba ɗaya kuma ana ba da ma'aikata ga masu sa kai, kuma tarin littattafan da aka bayar da gudummawa da mujallu sun kai kusan abubuwa 20,000.[1] Misali ne na gidajen zama na birane.[2] [3]

Ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na 'yan madigo da na mata sun kira Laburaren Mata gidansu tsawon shekaru, suna amfani da wurin a matsayin wurin taro a waje da lokutan buɗewa. Wasu ƙungiyoyi sun gudanar da Babban Taro na Shekara-shekara a wannan wurin.

## Tarihi
Aikin kafa Laburaren Mata ya fara ne a shekarar 1991 lokacin da wata ƙungiyar mata ta yanke shawarar cewa akwai buƙatar ɗakin karatu mai mai da hankali kan adabin 'yan madigo da na mata bisa ga Laburaren Mata a Ingila. Jerin mata masu shahara a ƙasar Australiya sun goyi bayan kafa shi, ciki har da Eva Cox, Ann Deveson, Alkali Elizabeth Evatt, Dorothy Hewitt, Caroline Jones, Clover Moore, Meredith Bergman, Sandra Nori, Dale Spender, Faith Bandler da Bobbie Sykes.

Tare da haɗin gwiwar Vicki Harding, an kafa ta a hukumance a matsayin ƙungiya mai haɗin gwiwa a shekarar 1992 don ta ƙunshi ɗakin karatu na ba da rance, ɗakin karatu na tunani, musayar bayanai da cibiyar al'umma. A ƙarƙashin kundin tsarin mulkinta, an bayyana cewa ya kamata ta zama "wuri mai aminci da tallafi inda mata, gami da 'yan madigo, za su iya shakatawa, karatu, karatu da musayar bayanai".

## Manazarta
Gidan kayan gargajiya na Canberra da Gidan Tarihi

**Gidan Tarihi da Ɗakin Tarihi na Canberra** wani gidan tarihi ne na fasaha da gidan tarihi a Canberra, babban birnin Ostiraliya.Yana cikin Civic Square, a kan London Circuit, a cikin Civic a tsakiyar birnin. An buɗe gidan tarihin a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1998.

Gidan tarihin yana ɗauke da tarin kayan tarihi na dindindin mai suna *Reflecting Canberra* wanda aka buɗe a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 2001. Daga cikin wasu abubuwan da aka baje kolin sun haɗa da ayyukan da aka nuna game da gobarar daji ta Canberra ta 2003.

Akwai gidajen tarihi da dama da ke kan benaye biyu na ginin, waɗanda ke da nunin zane-zane daban-daban, daukar hoto ko wasu ayyukan fasaha da kuma tarihin zamantakewa na Canberra. A cikin shekaru biyar na farko na ginin, an gudanar da nunin hotuna 158. Shiga gidan hotunan kyauta ne.

CMAG wani ɓangare ne na Gidajen Tarihi da Galleries na ACT, wanda sashe ne na gudanarwa na Kamfanin Gidajen Tarihi na Al'adu (CFC), wani ɓangare na Gwamnatin ACT. An kafa CFC a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kamfanin Gidajen Tarihi na 1997 don manufar sarrafawa da haɓaka wasu manyan kadarorin al'adu na ACT: Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Canberra ; Gidan Tarihi da Gallery na Canberra; Tarin Nolan da wuraren Tarihi na ACT ( Lanyon Homestead, Gidan Calthorpes da Mugga Mugga ). Hakkokin Kamfanin sun shafi wasan kwaikwayo da zane-zane, tarihin zamantakewa da kuma kula da al'adun gargajiya.

## Manazarta
Canberra Glassworks

**Canberra Glassworks** wani gidan adana kayan tarihi ne na Australiya da zane-zanen gilashi a Canberra.An buɗe ɗakin studio ga jama'a don ganin masu zane-zanen gilashi suna aiki. An buɗe shi a watan Mayu na 2007 ta Jon Stanhope, kuma shine mafi girman wurin studio na gilashi da aka keɓe a Ostiraliya.

## Tarihi

Cibiyar tana da alaƙa sosai da Makarantar Koyon Gilashin Fasaha ta ANU, [1] wacce shugaban ƙungiyar da ta kafa taron bita Klaus Moje ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa cibiyar.[2] Jon Stanhope, Babban Ministan ACT kuma Ministan Fasaha, ya sanar da sunan sabuwar cibiyar a ƙarshen 2005, musamman don haskaka Canberra a matsayin wurin da ake iya yin suna a ƙasa da ƙasa don gilashin studio da kuma kalmar gilashin gilashi don bayyana abin da kayan aiki da kayan aiki suke a cibiyar ga masu fasaha da kuma jama'a.[3]

## Yaɗa bishara ga jama'a
Situdiyon ya ƙunshi wani gidan kallon jama'a a saman manyan wuraren shakatawa da kuma hanyoyin shiga jama'a a kusa da dukkan wuraren aiki na gilashi.

Glassworks tana ba da darussa ga masu fasaha da jama'a, da kuma ɗalibai.  Studio ɗin yana kuma ba wa jama'a damar yin aikin kwamitocin ta hanyar masu fasaha da ke aiki a studio. Bugu da ƙari, akwai nunin zane-zane masu juyawa waɗanda ke nuna nau'ikan zane-zane daban-daban.  

## Hotuna
 

## Manazarta
Laburaren Kasa na Ostiraliya

**Laburaren Ƙasa na Ostiraliya** ( **NLA** ), wanda a da ake kira da **Commonwealth National Library** da **Commonwealth Parliament Library**, shine babban ɗakin karatu na tunani a Ostiraliya, wanda ke da alhakin ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan *Dokar Laburare ta Ƙasa ta 1960* don "kiyayewa da haɓaka tarin kayan ɗakin karatu na ƙasa, gami da cikakken tarin kayan ɗakin karatu da suka shafi Ostiraliya da mutanen Ostiraliya ", don haka yana aiki a matsayin ɗakin karatu na ƙasa.Yana cikin Parkes, Canberra, ACT.

An ƙirƙiro shi a shekarar 1960 ta hanyar Dokar Laburare ta Ƙasa, zuwa ƙarshen watan Yuni na 2019, tarin kayansa ya ƙunshi kayayyaki 7,717,579, tare da kayan rubutunsa da suka kai tsawon 17,950 metres (58,890 ft) na sararin shiryayye. NLA kuma tana ɗaukar nauyin kuma tana kula da ayyukan gano al'adun gargajiya na Trove, wanda ya haɗa da samun damar shiga Taskar Yanar Gizo ta Australiya da kuma National edeposit (NED), tarin jaridu masu dijital, takardu na hukuma, rubuce-rubuce da hotuna, da kuma kayan dijital da aka haifa.

## Gine-gine

An tsara ginin Laburare na asali na ƙasa da ke kan titin Kings Avenue, Canberra ta hannun Edwin Hubert Henderson (1885–1939), wanda shi ne Babban Mai Zane na Commonwealth of Australia daga 1929 zuwa 1939, kuma an gina shi a 1934. Da farko an yi niyyar zama fikafikai da yawa, an kammala fikafikai ɗaya kawai, wani ɓangare saboda zuwan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Kwamitin Paton na 1957 ya ba da rahoton cewa masaukin bai isa ga Laburare na Ƙasa ba. An yi amfani da ginin don hedikwatar Hukumar Kula da Laburare ta Jama'a ta Canberra har zuwa rushewarsa a 1968, lokacin da ya zama wurin da aka gina Ginin Edmund Barton.

### Hotuna da rubuce-rubuce

### Bugawa

Laburaren yana samar da littattafan da ba na almara ba da na yara waɗanda ke bincika tarin. Waɗannan batutuwa sun haɗa da Tarihi, Tarihin Halitta da Fasaha. NLA Publishing ta kasance mai karɓar kyautar Eve Pownall Award don Littattafan Bayanai da yawa.

## Manazarta
Abin Tunawa da Aboriginal

***Tunawa da Aboriginal Tunawa da Aboriginal*** aiki ne na fasahar zamani ta 'yan asalin ƙasar Australiya tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1980, kuma ya ƙunshi akwatunan gawa guda 200 da aka yi wa ado da katako (wanda kuma aka sani da sandunan tunawa, dupun, ḻarrakitj da sauran kalmomi). Djon (John) Mundine ne ya ƙirƙiro shi a shekarar 1987–88 kuma masu fasaha 43 daga Ramingining da al'ummomin da ke makwabtaka da shi na Central Arnhem Land, a Yankin Arewa suka ƙirƙira shi. Masu fasaha da suka shiga cikin ƙirƙirarsa sun haɗa da David Malangi da George Milpurrurru.

An ƙirƙiri wannan aikin ne don ya yi daidai da bikin cika shekaru 100 na ƙasar Australiya kuma yana tunawa da ' yan asalin ƙasar Australiya waɗanda suka mutu sakamakon matsugunin Turawa. Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Australiya ne ya saya shi, inda aka nuna shi na dindindin. Nunin farko da aka yi shi ne a Sydney Biennale a shekarar 1988, kuma shine babban abin nunin fasahar 'yan asalin ƙasar a Gidan Tarihi na Hermitage na Rasha a shekarar 2000.

## Ƙirƙira
A shekarar 1988, Ostiraliya ta yi bikin cika shekaru 200 tun lokacin da aka kafa matsugunin fararen fata na farko a hukumance, wanda Kyaftin Arthur Phillip ya kafa a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Sydney a shekarar 1788. Yayin da wasu 'yan asalin Australiya suka yi zanga-zangar nuna rashin amincewa da taron, kuma suka kira taron da Ranar Mamayewa maimakon Ranar Ostiraliya, wasu gungun masu fasaha 'yan asalin Aboriginal daga Ramingining a yankin Arewa sun yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar zane-zane don bikin tunawa da ranar.[1] Djon Mundine, mai ba da shawara kan fasaha kuma mai kula da 'yan asalin ƙasar, [1] wanda ke aiki a Bula'Bula Arts[2] a Ramingining kafin bikin cika shekaru biyu da haihuwa, ya fara aikin.[3] Ƙaramin rukuni na masu fasaha ciki har da David Malangi, Paddy Dhathangu, George Milpurrurru, da Jimmy Wululu sun yanke shawarar tsarin aikin, amma a ƙarshe masu fasaha 43 daga yankin sun ba da gudummawa ga Tunawa da Ranar.[1]

## Nunin da kuma liyafar girmamawa mai mahimmanci

Masu ƙirƙirar *Tunawa da Aboriginal* sun yi niyyar a nuna shi a bainar jama'a,  kuma a shekarar 1987 an miƙa aikin ga National Gallery of Australia, wanda ya taimaka wajen samar da kuɗaɗen kammala shi. Bayan an fara nuna shi a Sydney Biennale a shekarar 1988, an mayar da shi zuwa National Gallery, inda yake a yanzu. A shekara ta 2000, *Tunawa* ta zama cibiyar wani babban baje kolin fasahar 'yan asalin Australiya da aka gudanar a babban zauren Nicholas a gidan adana kayan tarihi na Hermitage da ke Rasha. Nunin ya sami karbuwa mai kyau daga masu suka na Rasha, ɗaya daga cikinsu ya rubuta:

## Manazarta
Penelope Seidler

**Penelope Alice Marjorie Seidler** AM (an haife ta **Evatt** ; an haife ta a shekara ta 1938) ƙwararren mai zane ne kuma akawu a Ostiraliya. Ita ce darakta a kamfanin gine-gine Harry Seidler & Associates da ke Sydney. Ita ce matar kuma ƙwararriyar abokiyar aikin gine-gine Harry Seidler (1923–2006). Tare suka tsara Harry da Penelope Seidler House, wanda ya lashe kyautar Wilkinson Award a shekara ta 1967.

Ta daɗe tana riƙe da matsayinta a fannin fasaha, kuma   Ita mamba ce a Hukumar Gidauniyar National Gallery of Australia.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Penelope Alice Marjorie Evatt a shekarar 1938, ta girma a Wahroonga, New South Wales, 'yar Clive Evatt (1900–1984), fitacciyar lauya kuma 'yar siyasa ta NSW Labor (MLA ta Hurstville 1939–1959), kuma matarsa Marjorie Hanna Evatt (wacce aka haifa Andreas) (1903–1984), [1] tare da 'yan'uwa biyu, Elizabeth Evatt da Clive Evatt Jr. Evatt House da ke lamba 69 Junction Road, Wahroonga yana cikin jerin sunayen 'yan asalin jihar NSW.[2]

## Mai kula da fasaha da mai tarawa
Seidler ta zauna a Majalisar Duniya ta Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Zamani a New York tun daga 1973, ta kasance darakta a Biennale na Sydney tun daga ƙarshen 2010, kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar kwamishina a Babban Tashar Ostiraliya a Venice Biennale ta 2013. Ta kasance memba na Hukumar Ba da Shawara ta Duniya na Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Austrian/Fasaha ta Zamani na Vienna, kuma tsohuwar memba ce a majalisar Asusun Australiana.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Penelope ta haɗu da Harry Seidler a shekarar 1957 a wani gidan giya na abokin aikinta a Arewacin Sydney. Sun yi aure a ranar 15 ga Disamba, 1958, kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu. Tare suka zauna a Point Piper, a cikin wani gida mai ginshiki a kan ruwa na tsawon shekara ɗaya kacal, daga baya suka ƙaura zuwa Ithaca Gardens, Elizabeth Bay,  wani sabon ginin Seidler da aka kammala, kuma suka zauna a can daga Janairu 1960 har zuwa ƙarshen Yuni 1967, kafin su koma Harry da Penelope Seidler House, wanda ita da mijinta suka tsara, wanda ke cikin Kalang Avenue, Kilara a kan North Shore na Sydney.

## Manazarta
Yaƙin (Brack)

Zane ne ***na The Battle*** wanda wani mai zane ɗan ƙasar Australiya John Brack ya zana a shekarar 1983.

Zane-zanen wani ɓangare ne na jerin ayyukan da Brack ya yi a alamance wanda ke nuna Yaƙin Waterloo na 1815. Waɗannan ayyukan suna wakiltar mayaka a matsayin kayan aikin zane—jami'ai kamar alkalami da sojoji kamar fensir. Yana nuna sojojin Burtaniya suna ƙoƙarin kewaye sojojin Faransa yayin da 'yan Pruss ke kai hari ga gefen gabas.[1]

An rubuta shi tsakanin 1981 da 1983, *The Battle* shine mafi girman zane na Brack.

Aikin ya samu tasiri ne daga gogewar Brack a matsayin jami'in harsasai a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu inda ya lura da wahalar yin yaƙi a cikin zane ɗaya.

## Liyafar maraba
An fara bayyana aikin a wani baje kolin da aka yi a Melbourne a shekarar 1983. Sharhin farko sun kasance "masu kyau kwarai da gaske".

Mai sukar fasahar *Age* Memory Holloway ya bayyana cewa aikin "ɗaya daga cikin muhimman hotuna da aka zana a Ostiraliya a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata".

Robery Rooney daga *jaridar The Australian* ya bayyana aikin a matsayin "wani kyakkyawan tsari da rashin tsari mai kyau yayin da ake buga ɗaya daga cikin wasannin yaƙi na tarihi da daidaiton barkwanci ta hanyar rundunonin alkalami da fensir masu haske - kayan aikin sana'arsa."

## Asalin
Iyalan Brack sun ba da gudummawar aikin ga National Gallery of Australia a shekarar 1992 kuma har yanzu yana cikin tarin kayansu.

## Manazarta
Mustafa El-Rifai

**Mustafa El-Rifai** ( Arabic   ; 23 Janairu 1934 - 6 Yuni 2023) injiniya ne, ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan ƙasar Masar wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Masana'antu da Fasaha daga 1999 zuwa 2001. Ya kuma kasance Shugaba kuma Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na Enppi daga 1980 zuwa 1990.

El-Rifai ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Yuni 2023, yana da shekaru 89. 

## Gudummawa

### Ma'aikatar Masana'antu

* A matsayinta na Ministan Masana'antu da Ci gaban Fasaha ta ƙaddamar da Cibiyoyin Fasaha na Masana'antar Masana'aikata da yawa don inganta wasu bangarorin masana'antu.
* A karkashin gwamnatinsa, an kammala cikakken takardun dukkan kamfanonin masana'antu da tsire-tsire a Cibiyar Bayanan Masana'antu.
* Har ila yau, Hukumomin Jiha da ke da alhakin ba da sabis ga masana'antu da sarrafa inganci an inganta su a cikin albarkatu, nau'in ma'aikata, da tsarin.
* An tilasta ƙididdigar ingancin abinci ta hanyar bin ka'idodin Amurka da Turai.
* An yi matakai da yawa don inganta amfani da ma'adanai a Misira.

### ENPPI

* Ya jagoranci kafa kamfanin injiniya na EPC mai fannoni da yawa a duniya wanda ke kwangila da man fetur, iskar gas, tsari, da ayyukan waje.
* Yawan jama'a [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] ya karu tun lokacin da ya wuce 2000. 

## Tarihin rayuwa

* Ministan Masana'antu da Fasaha 1999-2001.
* Shugaban da Shugaba na Enppi 1980-1990.
* Mataimakin Shugaban Kamfanin Man Fetur na Masar (EGPC) 1990.
* memba na Kwamitin Amintattun Gidauniyar Masar don Ilimi na Fasaha (EFTED) 2013
* Shugaban kwamitin kungiyar Masarawa don majagaba na injiniya da fasaha (APET) tun Nuwamba 2012
* memba na Majalisar Harkokin Tattalin Arziki ta Masar, 2013
* Shugaba na ETMAM  1993-1999.
* Babban mai ba da shawara, Kamfanin Man Fetur na Kasa na Abu Dhabi (ADNOC), 1990/91.
* Mai ba da shawara na fasaha, SONATRACH, Aljeriya, 1968-1974.
* Injiniya na Bincike, Sashen Fiber, E.I na Pont de Nemours &amp;amp; Co., Wilmington, Del., Amurka 1960-1965.
* UNIDO mai ba da shawara kan kayayyaki na asali, man fetur, da lasisi na takardun shaida.
* Daraktan Tsabtace-tsabtace, Ayyukan Petrochemical da Ayyukan Injiniya, Kamfanin Gudanar da Man Fetur na Suez 1974-1980.
* memba, Majalisar Koli ta Kwalejin Kimiyya, Bincike da Fasaha ta Kasa, 1984-1990.
* memba na kwamitin, Kamfanin Man Fetur na Masar, EGPC, 1985-1990.
* memba na kwamitin, kamfanin Alexandria Tire, 1995-1999.
* memba na kwamitin, Cibiyar Nazarin Man Fetur ta Masar, 1984-1990.
* Kamfanin Jirgin Jirgin Ruwa na Petrochemicals, Mataimakin Shugaban, 1977.
* memba na kwamitin, Kamfanin Man Fetur na Geisum, 1988-1990.
* memba na kwamitin, Chamber of Petroleum and Mining, Tarayyar Masana'antu ta Masar, 1987-1990.
* memba, Majalisar Gyara da Gudanarwa, Kwalejin Kimiyya, Bincike da Fasaha, 1984-1990.
* Mai karɓar kyaututtuka da girmamawa na kasa da kasa guda shida.
* Yana riƙe da B.Sc. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] E. daga Jami'ar Alkahira, M.Ch. E da Ph.D. a cikin Injiniyan Chemical daga Jami'ar Oklahoma . Injiniya mai lasisi a cikin Zane da Gudanar da Ayyukan Chemical da Petroleum. An zabe shi memba na Sigma Xi Honorary Research Society. Marubucin takardu da yawa da rahotanni na UNIDO.

## Manazarta
Ali Shamsi Pasha

**Ali Shamsi Pasha** (wanda aka fi sani da Shamsy, Shemsi, ko Chamsi) ɗan siyasan Masar ne.

## Rayuwa
An haife shi a Misira a shekara ta 1885 zuriyar manyan mambobin Tufenkjians, rundunar sojan Ottoman da ta fara tun daga karni na 17 lokacin da Misira ta mallaki *Walis* ko gwamnoni da Sultan ya nada a Istanbul.

### Iyali
Daga cikin kakannin Ali mun sami 'yan uwan Tufenkjian guda biyar waɗanda aka tura su gudun hijira zuwa Hedjaz a cikin 1768 saboda yunkurin da suka yi na kifar da gwamnan da ke aiki. Ya kunshi tsararraki huɗu na jami'an Tufenkjian masu adalci, kakan Ali Shamsi, *Serwan-Pasha* Mohammed Tufkenjian-Shamsi, ya kasance mataimakin Mohammed Ali Pasha. Bayan da ya dawo da Masallacin Timraz al-Ahmadi a Darb al-Shamsi na Alkahira (gundumar Sayeda Zeinab), an binne Mohammed a can a kusa da 1817. Masallacin ya riga ya gyara a ƙarni da ya gabata ta kawun Mohammed *al-Sharif* Hassan Tufenkjian-Shamsi, memba mai ibada na Sufi al-Qadiriyah Order wanda kakanninsa Abdel Qader al-Jilani ya kafa.

### Matsayi a Siyasa
Yayin da Amin Pasha ya fita daga wurin, Ali Shamsi Pasha ya karɓi kujerar mahaifinsa a majalisar dokoki a shekara ta 1914. Manufarsa ita ce ta bayyana manufar mutanen Masar daban-daban da suka haɗu daga kabilanci na Copts, Fellahs, Bedouins, Circassians, Turks, Balkans, Levantine, Kurds da Nubians.

### Fitarwa
Daga baya aka tura shi gudun hijira zuwa Turai saboda tabbacin siyasa ya dawo da nasara shekaru da yawa bayan haka don kafa tare da Saad Zaghloul Pasha Jam'iyyar Wafd ta kasa. Ali Shamsi MP ya zama ministan kudi kuma daga baya ya zama dan takarar mukamin Firayim Minista. Ya kuma kasance wakilin Masar na farko a cikin Kungiyar Al'ummai . Daga baya zai jagoranci Babban Bankin Masar (wanda ke aiki a matsayin Babban Bankin a lokacin) wanda har zuwa yanzu al'ada ya kasance shugabanci na Briton.
## manazarta
Blue Poles

***Zane mai launin shuɗi***, wanda aka fi sani da ***Lamba ta 11, 1952***, zane ne mai nuna yanayin magana ta ɗan Amurka Jackson Pollock. An saya shi ne a tsakiyar takaddama da National Gallery of Australia ta yi a shekarar 1973 kuma har yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan zane-zanen gallery.

## Lakabi
A lokacin ƙirƙirar zanen, Pollock ya fi son kada ya sanya sunaye ga ayyukansa, sai dai lambobi; saboda haka, ainihin taken zanen shine kawai Lamba ta 11 ko Lamba ta 11 na shekarar 1952.[1] A shekarar 1954, an fara ganin sabon taken Blue Poles a wani baje kolin da aka yi a Sidney Janis Gallery ; an ruwaito cewa ya samo asali ne daga Pollock da kansa.[2]

A cewar masanin tarihin fasaha Dennis Phillips, taken da aka yi amfani da shi wajen fassara zane-zane, ba wai kawai yana da ma'ana ba, "yana takaita fagen fahimtarmu kuma yana sanya zanen ya zama abin takaici. Domin muna neman sandunan kuma muna rasa yawancin sauran, sunan yana da ban sha'awa sosai."

## Tarihi

### 1955–1957: Fred Olsen
Fred da Florence Olsen su ne ainihin waɗanda suka sayi *Blue Poles* daga Jackson Pollock lokacin da suka saya shi akan dala $8,000, mafi girman farashin da aka biya don Pollock a wancan lokacin.  Ya rataye a cikin gidansu na New York.

### 1957–1973: Mai tattara zane-zane na New York Ben Heller
Shahararren mai tattara zane-zane kuma mai goyon bayansa Ben Heller ya sayi zanen a shekarar 1957 shekara guda bayan mutuwar Jackson Pollock akan rahoton dala $32,000. Heller abokin Pollock ne kuma yana kula da shi da sauran masu fasaha na Amurka da yawa a lokacin rayuwarsa.

### Aikin kiyayewa na 2020
Sakamakon rufe gidan kayan tarihi na wucin gadi saboda annobar COVID-19, ya zama dole a gudanar da wani babban aikin kiyaye muhalli na *Blue Poles,* aikin da ba a cika ganinsa ba tun lokacin da aka sayi shi a shekarar 1973.

## Gado

Zanen ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun abubuwan baje kolin da aka nuna a cikin gidan adana kayan tarihi,  saboda darajarsa a matsayin babban aikin bayyana ra'ayi na shekarun 1950, da kuma muhimmancinsa a siyasa da tarihi na Ostiraliya.  Kiyasin darajar zanen a yanzu ya bambanta sosai, daga dala miliyan 100 zuwa dala 350&nbsp;miliyan, amma ƙimar da ta ƙara ta nuna aƙalla cewa siyayya ce mai kyau daga mahangar kuɗi.

## Manazarta
Dutse na Ambum

**Dutse na Ambum** wani tsohon sassaka ne na dutse da ake kyautata zaton an sassaka shi kimanin shekara ta 1500 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa kuma an same shi a New Guinea. Sauran duwatsu makamantan haka da aka haƙa suna nuna mutane, tsuntsaye, ko wasu dabbobi. Masana kimiyya ba su da tabbas ko wace dabba ce wannan sassaka ya wakilta, amma wasu sun yi imanin cewa yana iya wakiltar wata dabbar marsupial da ta mutu yanzu. Hasashe kuma ya shafi manufar abin; wasu sun yi imanin cewa wataƙila ya yi aiki a matsayin ƙwarƙwara.

## Ganowa
Turawa ne suka gano dutsen a shekarar 1962, an ruwaito cewa an gano shi daga wani kogo a kwarin Ambum wanda ke lardin Papua New Guinea mai tsaunukan Yamma.

## Tarihi
Ba a san dalilin da ya sa aka ƙirƙiri dutsen ba. An gano dutsen ta hannun Enga na Papua New Guinea, kuma ana tsammanin yana da mahimmancin al'ada. [undefined] An gano shi a cikin kogo a farkon shekarun 1960, [1] kuma a cikin 1977, an same shi ta National Gallery of Australia. Wasu suna zargin cewa an fitar da dutsen ba bisa ƙa'ida ba daga Papua New Guinea don ya sauka a National Gallery of Australia.[2]

## An lalata kayan tarihi
A watan Mayu na shekarar 2000, an lalata kayan tarihi yayin da aka ba shi aro ga Gidan Tarihi na Fasahar Afirka, Pacific da Indiya. Ya kasu kashi uku: kai, jiki, da kuma guntu daga kai. Bugu da ƙari, kayan tarihi sun sami ƙananan guntu da raunuka a saman. Daga baya an gyara shi ta amfani da manne da fenti don daidaita ƙarshen.

## Manazarta
Safwan Thabet

**Safwan Thabet** (Arabic; an haife shi a shekara ta 1946) ɗan kasuwa ne na Masar, kuma wanda ya kafa kamfanin madara Juhayna Food Industries .  Safwan Thabet shi ne jikan shugaban na biyu na 'yan uwa Musulmi na Masar Hassan al-Hudaybi (ɗan 'yarsa), wanda ya jagoranci kungiyar a zamanin Nasser kuma ɗan'uwan Ma'mun al-Hadaybi, Janar Jagora na shida na 'yan uwantaka tsakanin 2002 da 2004.

## Kamawa
Kotunan Masar sun daskare dukiyarsa tun daga 2015 (sai dai wadanda ke Juhayna tunda kamfani ne da aka jera a fili) kuma an kama shi a watan Disamba na 2020 kan zargin samar da tallafin kungiyar ta'addanci. Masu gabatar da kara na Masar sun kiyasta dukiyarsa a shekarar 2015 zuwa kusan fam biliyan bakwai na Masar, kusan daidai da dala miliyan 900 a lokacin. Bayan kama shi, dansa Seif ya fara gudanar da kamfanin, kafin a kama shi a watan Fabrairun 2021. Duk da kama shi, Thabet da iyalinsa sun sami damar ci gaba da kula da kamfanin madara ta hanyar rikice-rikice na mallaka da kuma cibiyar ma'aikata na ciki duk suna da alaƙa da iyali. An saki Thabet da ɗansa a watan Janairun 2023.

## manazarta
Gitar mai launin shudi

***Gitar Blue*** wani shiri ne na zane-zane ashirin da aka yi da aquatint na David Hockney, wanda aka zana a tsakanin 1976–77 kuma aka buga a 1977 a London da New York ta Petersburg Press.

Babban labarin da ke cikin fayil ɗin ya ambaci wahayi biyu na Hockney:

## Mahalli
A shekarar 1976, Henry Geldzahler ya gabatar da Hockney ga waƙar Wallace Stevens ta shekarar 1937, The Man with the Blue Guitar, wadda ta yi amfani da zanen Picasso na lokacin shuɗi The Old Guitarist (1903–04) a matsayin babban jigonta. Hockney ya samar da zane-zane da dama don mayar da martani ga waƙar, wanda ke nuna matsalar rawar da tunani ke takawa wajen fassara gaskiya, kuma ya samar da jerin zane-zane masu launi ta amfani da hanyar da Aldo Crommelynck ya ƙirƙira wa Picasso don yin zane-zane masu launi. Hockney ya ce zane-zanensa "kamar waƙar, suna game da canje-canje a cikin fasaha da kuma alaƙar da ke tsakanin gaskiya da tunani, don haka waɗannan hotuna ne a cikin hotuna da salon wakilci daban-daban da aka haɗa su kuma aka nuna su kuma aka narkar da su a cikin firam ɗaya. Wallace Stevens (1879–1955) ya fara rubuta waƙa a shekarunsa na 40, kuma, duk da cewa bai taɓa zama shahararren mawaki ba, ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin mawakan Arewacin Amurka mafi tasiri na ƙarni na 20."[1]

( Bayanin mai zane kan rigar ƙura ta kundin da ke tare da shi wanda ke nuna fitowar suite na zane-zanen *The Blue Guitar* ). 

## Tsarin lokaci

### 1973

#### Mutuwar Picasso
Pablo Picasso ya mutu a Mougins, Faransa a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 1973, yana da shekaru 91.

#### Hockney a Paris: Aikin Hajji
Hockney ya koma birnin Paris a lokacin kaka na shekarar 1973, inda Picasso ya rayu tsawon rayuwarsa.

#### Crommelynck

Hockney ya yi abokantaka da Picasso's Master printer, Aldo Crommelynck a ɗakin studio, Atelier Crommelynck.

### 1976

#### Lokacin bazara na 1976
Abokin Hockney na lokacin bazara, Henry Geldzahler, mai kula da Hockney, ya gabatar da waƙar mawaƙin zamani Wallace Stevens, *The Man with the Blue Guitar*, a lokacin bazara na 1976, yayin da suke hutu tare a Fire Island, NY, tare da marubuci Christopher Isherwood.

#### 1999
*De Picasso a Bacon: arte contemporáneo en las colecciones del Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao.* (1999). 

## Zane-zane masu alaƙa

## Manazarta
Fathia Nkrumah

**Helena Ritz Fathia Nkrumah** (/ənˈkruːmə/ ən-KROO-mə) (23 February 1931 – 31 May 2007), born **Fathia Halim Rizk** (Arabic: فتحية حليم رزق), ta kansance  yaryar kasar misira ku.a tshohuwar matar zababen shugaban kasar ghana kwame nkrumah .t

An haifi Fathia Nkrumah ne a cikin iyalin Kirista na Coptic kuma ta girma a Zeitoun, gundumar Alkahira . Ita ce 'yar farko ta ma'aikacin gwamnati wanda ya mutu da wuri; Mahaifiyarta ce ta haifi Fathia bayan mutuwar mijinta.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haife ta Fathia Halim Rizk a Zeitoun, Alkahira, a cikin 1931. Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda a Kamfanin tarho na Masar kuma ya mutu da wuri, ya bar mahaifiyarta gwauruwa kuma ya tayar da Fathia da hannu ɗaya. Ita ce babba cikin yara biyar a cikin iyali.

Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, inda ta yi karatun Faransanci,  ta yi aiki a matsayin malama a makarantar ta a Zeitoun, Notre Dame des Apôtres . Kamar yadda koyarwa ba ta da sha'awa a gare ta, sai ta ɗauki aiki a banki.

## Aure
Frederick, wani dan jarida na Amurka, wanda ya buga littafinta a 1967, ya ce Nkrumah ya aika da abokinsa, Alhaji Saleh Said Sinare, wanda yake daya daga cikin Musulmai na farko na Ghana da suka yi karatu a Misira, don neman shi matar Kirista daga Misira, kuma Fathia na ɗaya daga cikin mata biyar da aka zaba. A wannan matakin, Kwame Nkrumah ya miƙa mata tayin aure. Mahaifiyarta ba ta son ganin wani daga cikin 'ya'yanta ya auri baƙo kuma ya bar ƙasar, saboda ɗan'uwan Fathia ya bar Masar tare da matarsa ta Ingila.

Fathia ta bayyana cewa Nkrumah jarumi ne mai adawa da mulkin mallaka, kamar Nasser, duk da haka mahaifiyarta ta ki yin magana da ita ko kuma ta albarkaci auren. Nkrumah ta auri Fathia a Christianborg Castle, Accra a daren Sabuwar Shekara ta 1957 bayan isowarta Ghana.

## Barin Ghana da kuma rayuwarsa ta baya
Fathia Nkrumah ita ce mahaifiyar yara uku, wadanda a lokacin suna da shekaru uku zuwa takwas, lokacin da aka hambarar da mijinta a juyin mulkin soja na farko da ya samu nasara a Ghana a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1966. Dole ne ta dauki 'ya'yanta zuwa Alkahira, don su girma a can yayin da mijinta ya tafi gudun hijira a Guinea. Yaranta sune Gamal Nkrumah (an haife ta a shekara ta 1958), Samia Nkrumah ("an haife shi a shekara ta 1960) da Sékou Nkrumah " (an haifi ta a shekara a shekara ta 1963.

Yaranta duk sun ci gaba da yin aiki da ya shafi siyasa. 'Yarta, Samia Nkrumah, ita ce shugabar jam'iyyar Convention People's Party (CPP), jam'iyyar siyasa ta Ghana da mahaifinta ya kafa, daga 2011 zuwa 2015.

## Mutuwa
Fathia ta mutu a ranar 31 ga Mayu 2007 a Asibitin Badrawy da ke Alkahira saboda bugun jini bayan wani lokaci na rashin lafiya.

Paparoma Shenouda III ne ya gudanar da taron tunawa da ita a Cocin Cathedral na Coptic Orthodox a Alkahira a ranar 1 ga Yuni 2007. Daga baya, an kai gawar Fathia Nkrumah zuwa Ghana don jana'izar a Gidan Gwamnati kuma, bayan "bukatar rayuwarta", an binne ta kusa da mijinta a Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park . 

## Manazarta
Daisy Bates a Ooldea

***Daisy Bates a Ooldea*** wani zane ne da mai zane Sidney Nolan na ƙasar Australiya ya yi, wanda aka kammala a Sydney a shekarar 1950 bayan Nolan, matarsa Cynthia da 'yarsa Jinx sun ziyarci ƙaramin matsugunin Ooldea na Kudancin Australiya a lokacin tafiye-tafiyensu a Tsakiyar Ostiraliya. Zane-zanen sun nuna masanin ilimin ɗan adam ɗan ƙasar Ireland ɗan ƙasar Australiya Daisy Bates (1859–1951) tana tsaye ita kaɗai a cikin yanayi mai duhu da babu kowa. Bates ta shahara saboda ta shafe mafi yawan shekarunta na ƙarshe tana zaune a tsakanin ƙabilun 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin karkara, ciki har da shekaru goma sha shida a Ooldea.

Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Ostiraliya ne ya sayi Daisy Bates a Ooldea a shekarar 1987. An haɗa shi a cikin baje kolin ƙasa da ƙasa na 2000 , Painting the Century: 101 Portrait Masterpieces 1900–2000, wanda aka gudanar a Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa da ke Landan.[1]

## Manazarta
Bush Idyll

***Bush Idyll*** zane ne da wani mai zane ɗan ƙasar Australiya Frederick McCubbin ya yi a shekarar 1893, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ayyukan fasaha a tarihin fasahar Australiya. Zane-zanen sun nuna wata yarinya da saurayi - waɗanda ke buga busa na ƙarfe - suna kwance a ƙasa kusa da wani tafki. 

Zanen wani ɓangare ne na tarin kayan tarihi na sirri kuma, tsakanin 2017 da 2020, an ba shi aro daga National Gallery of Australia. 

## Tsarin aiki
McCubbin ya zana aikin a Blackburn, wanda yanzu haka yake a gefen Melbourne . Zanen ya nuna tafkin Blackburn a nesa. Mary Jane Lobb, wacce aka haifa a Castlemaine a shekarar 1881 kuma ta mutu a shekarar 1959. Ba a san samfurin yaron ba.

An ce aikin yana nuna tasirin mai zane-zanen Faransa Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot.

## Asalin
McCubbin ya bai wa wani abokinsa, mai zane kuma mai kula da zane-zane Louis Abrahams kyautar zanen. A shekarar 1919, shekaru bayan mutuwar Abrahams, an yi gwanjon yawancin tarin kayan aikinsa, ciki har da Bush Idyll a Melbourne. Mai tallata kayan wasan kwaikwayo Hugh D. McIntosh ne ya sayi Bush Idyll, wanda ya kai shi Ingila. A lokacin ba a san inda aikin yake ba tsawon shekaru 50 har zuwa shekarar 1979, wani manomin alade ɗan Ingila ya nemi mai gidan adana kayan tarihi a Cambridge ya kimanta wani aiki da wani attajiri abokinsa ya ba shi kyauta shekaru da yawa da suka gabata.[1]

## Manazarta
Vahram Manavyan

**Vahram Manavian** (An haife shi Constantinople, Ottoman Turkiyya 1880 - ya mutu Alkahira, Misira 1952) ya kasance mai zane-zane na Ottoman da Masar na zuriyar Armeniya.  [2]

## Rayuwa
An haifi Vahram Manavian a Istanbul, ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya shida na marubucin Dikran Manavian . Ya fara karbar darussan fasaha daga mai zane Simon Agopyan kuma daga baya ya kammala karatun Fine Arts. Ya tafi Paris, Faransa inda ya dauki darussan a Académie Julian .  Ya yi hijira tare da iyalinsa zuwa Misira a 1911 kuma ya zauna a Alexandria. Ya zama malamin fasaha kuma daga baya ya kafa kasuwanci saboda dalilai na kudi, da kuma aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto. A halin yanzu, ya ci gaba da zanen. Ya koma AlAlkahira a cikin 1934 ya buɗe baje kolin hadin gwiwa tare da mai zane Yervant Demirciyan . An gudanar da nune-nunen sa na biyu a Gidan Tarihi na Fine Arts a shekarar 1951. Ya mutu a Alkahira. Har yanzu ana nuna zane-zanensa a duk faɗin 
## manazarta