Paul Clark (mai zane)

**Paul B. Clark** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1940) masanin zane ne, masanin tarihin zane, mai tsara rock kuma mai kula da shi wanda kayayyaki ya kafa sunansa tare da haihuwar al'adun gargajiya na Burtaniya a cikin shekarun 1960. Ta hanyar buga kayan ado na siliki a kan kayayyaki masu arha, Clark ya kasance daga cikin ƙungiyar matasa masu zanen kaya waɗanda suka lalata ra'ayoyin da aka yarda da su na ɗanɗano mai kyau, ta hanyar ɗaga abubuwa na yau da kullun zuwa abubuwa masu salo. Sha'awar Clark a cikin kimiyya da tafiye-tafiye na sararin samaniya ya kai shi ga ƙirƙirar rokoki na samfurin don gasa ta duniya da kuma kayan aikin rokoki na kasuwanci. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kungiyar British Space Modelling Association . 

Tarihinsa yana cikin Jami'ar Brighton Design Archives . 

## Ilimi
Paul Clark ya yi karatu a Makarantar Merchant Taylors, Northwood daga 1954 zuwa 1958. Bayan karatun fasaha na shekaru biyu a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Hammersmith, London (1959-1961), Clark ya shiga Makarantar Fasaha da Ayyuka ta Tsakiya inda ya fara karatun NDD na Masana'antu. A shekara ta 1984 Clark ta kammala karatu tare da MA a Nazarin Al'adu daga Kwalejin Royal na Fasaha . 

## Ayyuka

### Farkon aiki
Clark ya fara aikinsa na taimakawa mai tsara yumbu Michel Caddy a cikin ɗakinsa yayin da yake dalibi a Makarantar Fasaha da Ayyuka ta Tsakiya a kan Kwalejin Zane ta Masana'antu. A can ya shiga cikin zane-zane kuma ya sami ƙwarewa wajen tsara kayan 3D da yumbu. A shekara ta 1962 ya yanke shawarar kada ya koma Makarantar Fasaha da Ayyuka ta Tsakiya, a maimakon haka ya kafa kansa a matsayin mai zane-zane mai zaman kansa da kuma mai yin kayan haɗi don kicin. Akwai farfadowar sha'awa a cikin salon Victorian da Edwardian kuma daya daga cikin samfuransa na farko shine kewayon kwalban ajiya. Har ila yau a wannan lokacin, Clark ya ci gaba da sha'awar Letraset, yana tsarawa da neman takardar shaidar wucin gadi a kan tsarin rubutun kansa.

### Shekaru na 1960
A matsayinsa na mai tsara Pop a zamanin da ke motsawa a London, aikin Clark ya shahara musamman a cikin shagunan Carnaby Street na London kamar Gear .  Ya kuma samar da Kleptomania a titin Kingly, wanda Tommy Roberts ke gudanarwa wanda daga baya ya buɗe sanannen Mr Freedom a titin Sarakuna.

A cikin 1965, David Phillips, mai sayen China & Glass Woollands na Knightsbridge - kantin sayar da sashen London - ya gudanar da gabatarwa na Fortnight na Burtaniya kuma ya ba da izini ga kayayyaki daga Clark da sauran masu zanen daga zamanin. Wannan ya haifar da burin Union Jack na Clark wanda aka fi sani da shi. Don liyafar buɗewa ya kirkiro wani sabon abu da ake Gida 'Instant Patriot Outfit'. Wannan karamin fayil ne na zinariya tare da ninka Union Jack a ciki, tare da taken 'Ka kasance Birtaniya' da aka buga a ciki. Daga baya aka ba da shi ga baƙi a taron buɗewa na British Pavilion a 1967 Worlds Fair a Montreal. Woollands ya rufe a 1967 kuma David Phillips ya ci gaba da zama babban mai sayen Terence Conran a Habitat 

Clark ya san aikin matasa masu zane-zane na Pop masu zuwa kuma ya sami rinjaye musamman daga fitowar 32 na mujallar Royal College of Art 'Ark'. Wannan ya haɗa da 'Kit of Images' tare da ainihin katin da aka yi niyya kuma daga baya ya yi amfani da manufa a cikin ƙirar sa don kofuna, jita-jita da coasters. Alamar zamani ce, an samo ta ne daga jerin zane-zane na Amurka Jasper Johns', kuma Peter Blake ne ya haɓaka ta farkon shekarun 1960. Tare da Union Jack, alamar da aka yi niyya ta dace da yanayin tsakiyar shekarun sittin don ƙirar da aka samo daga fasahar Op da ƙarancin ƙira. Har ila yau, rubutun ya nuna karfi a cikin ƙirar Clark don kofuna, jita-jita da agogo. A shekara ta 1968, an san Clark da "mutumin agogo".

### Tsarin hangen nesa
A cikin 1966, Clark ya zama mai ba da shawara kan zane a Perspective Designs, kamfani da Philip Bidwell ya kafa musamman don tallata aikin matasa masu zanen Burtaniya. Sun yi kayan haɗi na kicin, kayan aiki, kyauta da kayan kayan kayan aikin fiber-board waɗanda suka kasance wani ɓangare na al'adun Pop Art na Burtaniya. Sun karɓi ƙerawa da rarraba kofuna da jita-jita  Perspective Designs yana da kantin sayar da kayayyaki a Fulham Road da ake kira 'Scope' wanda ya ninka sau biyu a matsayin ɗakin baje kolin. Clark ya zauna tare da Perspective Designs har sai sun shiga cikin warwarewa a shekarar 1969. Ayyukansa na ƙira a wannan lokacin sun haɗa da 'Disc Clock', da 'Revolutionary Clock' da kuma kewayon agogo masu arha, masu launi.

### Kyautar 'Bicycle of the Future' na Ben Bowden
A shekara ta 1986, Clark ya kirkiro wani samfurin babur wanda Ben Bowden ya tsara wanda aka nuna a baje kolin Burtaniya Can Make It a shekara ta 1947. An jagoranta shi ne kawai ta hanyar hotuna, Clark ya sake yin amfani da keken juyin juya halin Bowden don baje kolin Royal College of Art's Make or Break, wanda Dr Penny Sparke ya tsara.

## Koyarwa
Ci gaba da aikinsa na zane-zane, Clark ya fara koyarwa a kan Gidauniyar da Tsarin zane-zane a Brighton Polytechnic (yanzu Jami'ar Brighton) a kan lokaci-lokaci. Ya koyar a duka Sashen Zane-zane da kuma a kan Gidauniyar Gidauniya (Sashen Zane na Uku), tare da rawar da ta gabata ta zama cikakken lokaci a 1975. 

A shekara ta 1984 Clark ya koma Brighton don koyarwa a Sashen Fasaha da Tarihin Zane bayan kammala MA a Nazarin Al'adu a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal .  Yayinda yake a Brighton, Clark ya shiga ƙungiyar CTI Art and Design, inda ya shirya mujallar OutLine kuma a cikin 2000 ya taimaka wajen kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Koyarwa da Koyarwa (LTSN) Cibiyar Nazaren Fasaha da Sadarwa.

## manazarta