Gotipua

***Gotipua*** ( Odia - ଗୋଟିପୁଅ, wanda aka fi sani da *goṭipuå* ) wani nau'in rawa ne na gargajiya a jihar Odisha, Indiya, kuma shine farkon rawar gargajiya ta Odissi .  An yi ta a Orissa tsawon ƙarni da yawa ta hanyar samari matasa, waɗanda ke sanye da kayan mata don yabon Jagannath da Krishna . Wasu samari ne ke yin rawar acrobatic waɗanda suka yi wahayi zuwa ga rayuwar Radha da Krishna. Yaran sun fara koyon rawa tun suna ƙanana har zuwa lokacin ƙuruciya, lokacin da kamanninsu na androgynous ya canza. A yaren Odia, Gotipua yana nufin "yaro ɗaya" ( *goti-pua* ).  Raghurajpur, Odisha (kusa da Puri ) ƙauye ne na tarihi da aka sani da ƙungiyar rawa ta Gotipua. Rawar Gotipuas tana tare da kiɗan gargajiya na Odissi tare da babban bugun shine Mardala .

## Masu rawa
Domin su zama masu rawa mata masu kyau, samarin ba sa aske gashinsu, maimakon haka suna sanya shi a ƙulli suna saƙa furanni a ciki. Suna yin fuskokinsu da foda mai gauraye fari da ja. Ana shafa *Kajal* a idanu don ba su kyan gani mai tsawo. Ana shafa bindi, yawanci zagaye, a goshi, an kewaye shi da zane da aka yi da sandalwood . Zane-zanen gargajiya suna ƙawata fuska, waɗanda suka keɓanta ga kowace makarantar rawa.

Kayan sun samo asali ne a tsawon lokaci. Rigar gargajiya ita ce *Kanchula*, riga mai launin shuɗi mai haske tare da kayan ado masu sheƙi. An ɗaure wani zane mai kama da apron, mai zane mai siliki ( *nibibandha* ) a kugu kamar ruffle kuma ana sawa a ƙafafu. Wasu masu rawa har yanzu suna bin al'ada ta hanyar sanya *pattasari* : wani siririn yadi mai tsawon  dogo, an sa shi sosai tare da tsayin kayan da aka yi daidai a ɓangarorin biyu da kuma ƙulli a cibiya. Duk da haka, wannan rigar gargajiya galibi ana maye gurbinta da sabon zane wanda ya fi sauƙin sakawa.

Masu rawa suna sanya kayan ado na musamman da aka yi wa ado da duwatsu masu daraja: sarƙoƙi, munduwa, madaurin hannu da kayan ado na kunne. An maye gurbin kayan ado masu huda hanci da wani zane mai fenti. Ana sanya kararrawa a idon sawu, don ƙara wa ƙawatar da ƙafafuwa ke yi. An yi wa tafukan hannu da tafin ƙafafu fenti da wani ruwa ja da aka sani da *alta* . Ana ɗaukar kayan ado, kayan ado da ƙararrawa a matsayin tsarkakakku. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Tarihi
Tun da daɗewa, gidajen ibada a Orissa suna da 'yan rawa mata da aka sani da devadasis (ko *mahari* ), waɗanda suka sadaukar da kansu ga Jagannath, wanda ya haifar da rawar Mahari . Zane-zanen masu rawa a kan kayan ado a cikin gidajen ibada a Orissa (da kuma gidajen ibada na Konark Sun da Jagannath a Puri) sun nuna wannan tsohuwar al'ada. Tare da raguwar masu rawa *mahari* a kusa da ƙarni na 16 a lokacin mulkin Rama Chandra Dev (wanda ya kafa daular Bhoi), samarin masu rawa a Orissa sun ci gaba da al'adar. Rawar Gotipua tana cikin salon Odissi, amma dabarunsu, kayansu da gabatarwarsu sun bambanta da na *mahari* ; masu rawa ne ke yin waƙar. Rawar Odissi ta yau ta sami tasiri daga rawa ta Gotipua. Yawancin ƙwararrun rawa na Odissi (kamar Kelucharan Mohapatra, daga Raghurajpur ) 'yan rawa ne na Gotipua a lokacin ƙuruciyarsu.

Rawar Odissi hade ce ta *rawa mai ƙarfi* (mai ƙarfi, namiji) da kuma rawa mai laushi ( *lasya* ). Tana da tsayuwa guda biyu: *tribhangi* (wanda ake riƙe da jiki da lanƙwasa a kai, jiki da gwiwoyi) da kuma *chouka* (tsayi mai kama da murabba'i, wanda ke nuna Jagannath). Sauƙin ruwa a saman jiki yana da alaƙa da rawa ta Odissi, wanda galibi ana kwatanta shi da raƙuman ruwa masu laushi na teku waɗanda ke shafa rairayin bakin teku na Orissa.

Kowace shekara, Cibiyar Bincike ta Guru Kelucharan Mohapatra Odissi tana shirya bikin rawa na Gotipua a Bhubaneswar . 

## Repertoire
 
Rawar yawanci tana farawa da addu'ar *vandana* (addu'a, tare da addu'o'in godiya ga Uwar Duniya, Jagannath da kuma malamin mutum da kuma maraba da masu sauraro). Masu rawa suna yin gaisuwa matakai uku: na farko a sama da kawunansu ga Allah, na biyu a gaban fuskokinsu ga malamin da kuma na uku a gaban ƙirjinsu ga masu sauraro. Rawar *Sarigama* rawa ce da ke nuna kyau, kuma tana nuna ƙwarewar fasaha; masu rawa da mawaƙa ne suka zana ta a bangon waje na tsoffin haikali.

*Abhinaya* shine aiwatar da waƙa da fassarar waƙoƙin da suka gabata. Wannan rawa tana nuna waƙoƙin da Radha Krishna ya mayar da hankali a kansu, kamar Gita Govinda na ƙarni na 12. Baitocin da aka yi amfani da su don ba da labari suna da kyau sosai a cikin abun ciki da shawara. *Abhinaya* mai kyau, mai sauƙin fahimta, kuma mai jan hankali, yana kama da waƙar soyayya mai motsawa tare da yanayin fuskarsa, motsin ido da motsin laka :
"Come and see, my love
Here comes Krishna, the flute player, the Supreme Performer
Come and see, my love
He dances wearing ankles bells
So lovely rhythmic patterns he makes
Listen to his melodies, the mardala beats
Listen to his flute and clappings."


Wani ɓangare mai ban sha'awa na Gotipua shine *Bandha Nrutya*, gabatar da salon wasan kwaikwayo na acrobatic yogic (yana nufin al'amuran tatsuniyoyi daga rayuwar Krishna) kama da gabatarwar gani ta mawakan pattachitra na Orissa. Tsarin da ke da wahala da rikitarwa (wanda ke buƙatar sassaucin gaɓoɓi) ana kiransa da *bandha* ("acrobatic" a cikin yaren Odia ). Don yin wannan rawa, samari suna buƙatar fara koyan ta tun suna ɗan shekara biyar ko shida. Ana ba da waƙoƙi ta hanyar *mardala* (ganga mai kai biyu, kayan kida na busa a Orissa), *gini* (ƙananan kuge), harmonium, violin, bansuri da mawaƙa ɗaya ko biyu.

Abhinaya Chandrika (rubutu na ƙarni na 15 game da rawar Odissi ta Maheshwara Mahapatra) ya ba da cikakken nazari game da motsin ƙafafu, hannaye ( mudras ), tsayuwar tsaye, motsi da kuma waƙoƙin waƙa; ya ambaci nau'ikan bandha sama da 25, ciki har da Gagana, Dhurmukha, Torona da Shayana . Sangita Darpana, wani rubutu na ƙarni na 17 game da kiɗa da rawa, ya ba da cikakken salon gabatarwa da kuma salon gabatarwa gabaɗaya.

Ana samun wasu *bandhas* a cikin al'adar baki; waɗannan sun haɗa da:

* *Chira* (Yanayin maraba)
* *Padmasana* (tsayin lotus)
* *Hansa* (swan; yana wakiltar hikima, alheri da kyau kuma abin hawa ne ga allahiya Saraswati )
* *Mayura* (dawisu; tsuntsu mai tsarki na tatsuniyoyin Hindu, wanda gashinsa ke ƙawata kan Krishna)
* *Chara Mayura* (dawisu mai kiwon dabbobi, wanda ke wakiltar ɗaukaka da girma)
* *Keli kadamba* (itacen tsarki wanda Krishna ke wasa a ƙarƙashinsa)
* *Garuda* (gaggafa ta tatsuniya; abin hawan Vishnu)
* *Kandarpa Ratha* (karusar Kandarpa, allahn ƙauna)
* *Sagadi* (ƙafafun, wanda ke wakiltar ƙafafun karusar Jagannath)
* *Nauka* (jirgin ruwa)
* *Kaliyadalana* (kashin Blacksnake ta Krishna)
* *Bakasura* ( Bhima yana kashe Bakasura a cikin *Mahabharata* )

Maguni Charan Das, wacce aka ba kyautar Padma Shri kuma wacce ta lashe kyautar Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun rawar Gotipua. 

## Duba kuma

* Siffofin rawa na gargajiya na Orissa
* Jerin raye-rayen gargajiya na Indiya

## Manazarta