Hasumiyar Hearst (Manhattan)

**Hasumiyar Hearst** wani gini ne a kusurwar kudu maso yammacin 57th Street da Eighth Avenue, kusa da Columbus Circle, a cikin unguwar Midtown Manhattan na Birnin New York, Amurka. Shi ne hedkwatar duniya na kafofin watsa labarai conglomerate Hearst Communications, gidaje da yawa daga cikin kamfanonin kamfanin da kamfanonin sadarwa. Hasumiyar Hearst ta ƙunshi sassan biyu, tare da jimlar tsawo na   da 46 stories. Labarai shida mafi ƙasƙanci sun samar da **Ginin Mujallar Hearst** (wanda aka fi sani da Ginin Magajin Duniya), wanda Joseph Urban da George B. Post & Sons suka tsara, wanda aka kammala a 1928. Sama da shi ne Hearst Tower kari, wanda Norman Foster ya tsara kuma ya gama a shekara ta 2006.

Babban ƙofar ginin yana kan Eighth Avenue. Tsarin asali a rufe shi da dutse kuma yana dauke da ginshiƙai shida tare da ƙungiyoyin zane-zane. Sashe na hasumiya a sama yana da gilashi-da-karfe facade shirya a matsayin diagrid, ko diagonal grid, wanda ya ninka sau biyu a matsayin tsarin tsarinsa. An maye gurbin sararin ofishin asali a cikin Ginin Hearst Magazine da atrium yayin gina Hasumiyar Hearst. Hasumiyar an tabbatar da ita a matsayin gine-Ginin kore a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Jagora a cikin Makamashi da Tsarin Muhalli (LEED).

Mai haɓaka Ginin Hearst Magazine William Randolph Hearst ya sami shafin don gidan wasan kwaikwayo a tsakiyar shekarun 1920, cikin imanin cewa yankin zai zama babban gundumar nishaɗi ta gaba a birnin, amma ya canza shirye-shiryensa don gina hedkwatar mujallar a can. An gina ginin na asali a matsayin tushe don hasumiya mafi girma, wanda aka jinkirta saboda Babban Mawuyacin hali. Shirin fadadawa na gaba a cikin shekarun 1940 ma ya gaza. Hukumar Kula da Tarihin Birnin New York ta sanya bangon ginin na asali a matsayin alamar birni a shekarar 1988. Bayan da Hearst Communications ya yi la'akari da fadada tsarin a cikin shekarun 1980, an haɓaka labarun hasumiya a cikin shekaru goma na farko na karni na 21.

## Shafin yanar gizo
Hasu Hearst tana kan iyakar unguwanni na Hell's Kitchen da Midtown Manhattan na Birnin New York, Amurka. Yana da tubalan biyu a kudancin Columbus Circle, yana da iyaka da 56th Street a kudu, Eighth Avenue a gabas, da 57th Street a arewa. Ginin yana fuskantar Central Park Place a arewa, 3 Columbus Circle a arewa maso gabas, da Random House Tower a gabas. Yana da wani block kudu da Deutsche Bank Center (tsohon Time Warner Center) da 2 Columbus Circle .  Tushen Hasumiyar Hearst yana da adiresoshin titi guda uku: 951-969 Eighth Avenue, 301-313 West 56th Street, da 302-312 West 57th Street. Shafin yana da kusan murabba'in murabba'i wanda ke rufe murabba'insa 40,166 (3,731.5 m2) kuma yana auna 200 da 200.83 feet (60.96 da 61.21 .  Ƙofar tashar tashar tashoshin 59th Street-Columbus Circle ta New York City tana a gindin tsarin.

Nan da nan kafin gina Ginin Hearst Magazine a cikin 1920s,  an kira shafin a matsayin shafin Hegeman.  Mutane goma sha shida sun mallaki ƙasar, wanda ya kasance babu kowa sai dai gidan wasan kwaikwayo na budewa da wasu shagunan.

Tsarin asali na hawa shida, wanda aka sani da Ginin Mujallar Hearst ko Ginin Muhalli na Duniya,  an tsara shi ne ta hanyar gine-ginen Joseph Urban da kamfanin gine-ginai George B. Post & Sons.  An kammala shi a cikin 1928 kuma an yi niyya a matsayin tushen hasumiya ta gaba, an tsara Ginin Mujallar Hearst a farkon salon Art Deco. Henry Kreis ya tsara ƙungiyoyin siffofi guda shida a hawa na uku. Ginin Hearst Magazine shine kawai wanda ya tsira daga wani nishaɗi wanda ba a gina shi ba wanda mai haɓaka shi, wanda ya kafa Hearst Communications William Randolph Hearst, ya hango don Columbus Circle a farkon karni na 20.  Norman Foster ne ya tsara hasumiyar kuma an kammala ta a shekara ta 2006, kusan shekaru tamanin bayan an gina tushe. Kamfanin Hearst da Tishman Speyer sun haɓaka hasumiyar; WSP Global shine injiniyan tsari, kuma Turner Construction shine babban dan kwangila. Tsarin sashin hasumiyar ya rinjayi bukatar riƙe mafi ƙasƙanci, waɗanda aka kare su a matsayin alamar birni.

Hasu Hearst tana da murabba'in ƙafa 856,000 (79,500 m2) na sararin ofis. A cewar Ma'aikatar Shirye-shiryen Birnin New York, ginin yana da babban bene na  m2).  Hasumiyar ta sami kariyar yanki wanda ya ba da damar fadada matsakaicin filin bene da bene shida ko murabba'in ƙafa 120,000 (11,000 m2), karuwar kashi 20% daga matsakaicin yankin da aka ba da izini na 600,000 murabba'i feet (56,000 m2). Kamfanin Hearst ya amince da inganta damar zuwa tashar jirgin karkashin kasa a karkashin kasa, yana ƙara masu hawa uku da sake fasalin wuraren watsa tashar.    Ba tare da gyare-gyaren yanki ba, Kamfanin Hearst na iya biyan har zuwa dala miliyan 10 don ƙarin haƙƙin iska, kamar yadda kamfanin ya riga ya yi amfani da duk haƙƙin iska sama da Ginin Hearst Magazine.

### Fuskar fuska

#### Tushen

Ginin da aka yi da dutse  laushi na Ginin Hearst Magazine, yanzu tushe, alama ce ta Birnin New York tare da murabba'in ƙafa 450,000 (4,000 m2) na yankin farfajiyar. An raba shi a kwance zuwa mafi ƙasƙanci biyu, uku matsakaici, da kuma shida-story attic. Ganuwar arewa maso gabas da kudu maso gabas na tushe suna da kusurwa (kusurwa).   Wani shinge yana gaban windows na bene na uku, wanda ke goyan bayan shelf tare da notches kuma an katse shi da kusurwoyi masu tsayi. Wani shinge yana sama da hawa na biyar, sai dai a cikin bays sama da ƙofar ƙofar a kan titin Eighth Avenue da 57th Street da kuma a kusurwoyi masu tsayi. Tare da gina Hasumiyar Hearst, an sake fasalin tushe don saduwa da sabbin lambobin girgizar ƙasa na birni. Saboda an maye gurbin sararin ofishin na asali da atrium a cikin ginin Hasumiyar Hearst, windows a kan na uku zuwa na shida na bangon suna haskaka atrium. Labarai biyu na farko na ginin na asali ne kawai suka riƙe amfani da su na asali.

Babban ƙofar, a tsakiyar tsawo na Eighth Avenue, ya ƙunshi babban hanyar da ke kusa da ƙananan ƙofofi na rectangular. Hanyar tana da bangarorin dutse masu launin toka a gindinta da voussoirs da kuma maɓallin maɓalli a samansa, wanda ya mamaye tare da balcony. Gidan da ke cikin ganga a cikin hanyar yana dauke da akwatunan ajiya na octagonal. Ƙarshen yammacin farfajiyar yana da ƙofar da ke da ma'auni na tagulla da ƙofofin gilashi huɗu a ƙarƙashin ma'aunin tagulla da gilashi. Akwai ƙofar jirgin karkashin kasa a gefen dama (arewa) na ƙofar Eighth Avenue .  A kowane bangare na ƙofar ƙofar, tsawo na Eighth Avenue ya ƙunshi gilashi da kantin sayar da ƙarfe a matakin ƙasa da windows bakwai a kan bene na biyu. A kan titin 57, an canza tsohon ƙofar sakandare don ƙirƙirar kantin sayar da kayayyaki wanda aka rufe shi da taga. Akwai wani ƙofar jirgin karkashin kasa a gefen hagu na ƙofar asali. Sauran bangarorin da ke ƙasa a tituna 57 da 56 suma suna dauke da gilashi da kayan ajiya na ƙarfe, tare da tashar loading a yankin yammacin 56th Street.

Tushen ya ƙunshi ginshiƙai shida, waɗanda ke goyan bayan dutse tare da ƙungiyoyin siffofi na almara a kan bene na uku kuma an ɗora su da akwatunan da aka ƙera sama da bene na shida. Ginin ya nuna cewa an tsara ginin ne a matsayin gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Cibiyoyin titin takwas da 57th Street sun yi daidai, tare da ginshiƙai biyu kowannensu. Ginin hagu a kan ƙofofin biyu yana ƙunshe da ƙungiyoyin zane-zane waɗanda ke nuna wasan kwaikwayo da bala'i, kuma ginshiƙi na dama yana ƙunsar siffofi da ke wakiltar kiɗa da fasaha. Irin waɗannan ginshiƙai suna tashi a gaban kusurwoyin arewa maso gabas da kudu maso gabas na tushe. Ginin kusurwar arewa maso gabas ya ƙunshi rukuni wanda ke wakiltar bugawa da kimiyya, kuma ginshiƙi na kusurwar kudu maso gabas yana da rukuni wanda yake wakiltar wasanni da masana'antu.  

Tsakanin nau'i-nau'i na pylons a kan Eighth Avenue da kuma a kan 57th Street, a kan kowane mataki na uku zuwa na shida, akwai taga mai kashi uku tare da spandrels na dutse. Hanya ta takwas da titin 57 sun ƙunshi bayu bakwai, a kowane gefen bayu na tsaye, waɗanda aka saita a sama da labarin na biyu. Na uku zuwa na biyar na wadannan tsaunuka suna da windows sash, dan kadan a bayan babban bangon, kuma windows na shida suna da kyau tare da bangon dutse. Ana ɗaukar koma baya da tsarin taga zuwa gabas takwas a kan titin 56.  Yankunan yammacin biyu a kan titin 57 da kuma goma sha biyu na yammacin titin 56 ba a saita su sama da labarin na biyu ba, kuma ba su da balustrades na hawa na uku. Bayanan hawa na uku zuwa na biyar a yammacin ɓangaren 56th Street an haɗa su cikin nau'i-nau'i shida, waɗanda aka raba su da pilasters  waɗanda aka tsara don jaddada labaran sama, waɗanda ba a taɓa gina su ba. 

#### Hasumiya

Wani ma'aikaci ya kewaye da hawa na bakwai zuwa na goma a saman tushe,  wanda ke raba hasumiyar daga tushe.  Gidan hasumiyar yana da tsari na triangular da aka sani da diagrid (gajere don "grid na diagonal") sama da bene na goma, wanda shine tsarin tallafin tsarin hasumiyar.   Tsarin tsari, mai kama da Hasumiyar Commerzbank a Frankfurt  da 30 St Mary Axe a London, an haɓaka shi tare da Ysrael Seinuk.  Yana daya daga cikin manyan amfani na farko na diagrid.

Diagrid ya raba bangarorin hasumiyar a kwance zuwa matakai takwas, kowannensu yana auna hawa huɗu. Ƙarin katako na diagonal sun raba bangon zuwa sauyawa madaidaiciya da juyawa triangles, wanda ya haɗu a "nodes" tare da maki na bangon.   Shirye-shiryen diagrid yana haifar da "bakin tsuntsaye" a kusurwoyin hasumiyar a hawa na 14, 22, 30, da 38;   sassan ƙasa da na sama na bakunan tsuntsaye suna gangara waje daga ɓangaren tsakiya. *[[New York Times|Jaridar New York Times]]* ta rubuta cewa katako da "bakin tsuntsaye" suna gudana a kusurwar digiri 75 zuwa shimfidar ƙasa;  wani marubuci ya ambaci katako suna gudana ne a kusurlar digiri 65. 

Triangles a cikin diagrid sune bangarorin da aka riga aka yi, waɗanda Kamfanin Cives Steel Company ya ƙera a New York da Virginia. Kowane triangles yana da   tsawo. Ginin diagonal yawanci   tsawo da   fadi.   An ɗora ginshiƙan, maimakon a haɗa su, ga juna a kan nodes.   Diagrid ɗin ya buƙaci gajerun tan 10,480 (ton 9,360 mai tsawo; 9,510  na ƙarfe na tsari,   20% ƙasa da abin da za a buƙaci don ginin irin wannan girman. Adadin ƙarfe da aka sake amfani da shi a cikin diagrid an nuna shi daban-daban a matsayin 85%  ko fiye da 90% .   Permasteelisa ce ta gina bangon labule na waje, wanda ya ɗora bangon gilashi 3,200 a bangon.   Kwamfukan yawanci suna da tsayi   da faɗin  ,   kodayake an gina 625 daga cikinsu ne don ƙayyadaddun al'ada.  

### Abubuwan da ke ciki

#### Abubuwan da aka tsara
Ginin yana kusa da tsohon cibiyar zane-zane a kusa da wani bangare biyu na West 57th Street tsakanin Sixth Avenue da Broadway. An haɓaka cibiyar a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, bayan buɗewar Carnegie Hall a kan Seventh Avenue a cikin 1891.  Yankin ya ƙunshi hedkwatar kungiyoyi da yawa, kamar su American Fine Arts Society, Lotos Club, da ASCE Society House .  Kodayake asalin Ginin Hearst Magazine ya kasance a waje da cibiyar fasaha, kusanci da waɗannan cibiyoyin ya kasance wani abu ne a cikin zaɓin wurinsa. A cikin karni na 21, an maye gurbin cibiyar zane-zane da Billionaires' Row, jerin gine-gine masu tsada a kusa da kudancin Central Park.

## Tarihi
William Randolph Hearst ya koma Birnin New York a shekara ta 1895, kuma ya zama babban jarumi na mujallu mai cin nasara a cikin shekaru talatin masu zuwa. Ya yi la'akari da kirkirar babban hedkwatar Midtown a kusa da Columbus Circle a cikin imanin cewa yankin zai zama babban gundumar nishaɗi ta gaba. Daga 1895 zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1920, Hearst ya sayi manyan filaye da yawa a kusa da da'irar don hedkwatarsa.    Hearst ya kuma yi imanin cewa Gundumar Gidan Wasanni ta Manhattan za ta kai ga Columbus Circle kuma ta zama mai sha'awar gidan wasan kwaikwayo a wani bangare saboda uwargidansa, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Marion Davies. Hearst ya hayar Joseph Urban don ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa na farkon karni na 20 - gami da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Criterion, Cosmopolitan, da Ziegfeld  - kuma mutanen sun zama abokai na kusa. 

### Ci gaban asali
A farkon 1924, Hearst ya sami zaɓi don samun shafin 200-by-200-foot tare da Eighth Avenue daga 56th zuwa 57th Street, kusa da 57th Street artistic hub. A wannan watan Afrilu, ya sami sunan mallakar shafin. Hearst a hankali ya sami manyan yankuna na ƙasa a kusa da tsakiya na Eighth Avenue da 57th Street, kodayake babu wani daga cikin sauran shafuka da aka haɓaka. Darakta na Metropolitan Opera, Otto Hermann Kahn, ya fara tsara sabon gidan wasan kwaikwayo don maye gurbin Ginin da ke akwai a titin 39 da Broadway a lokaci guda, yana kashe dala miliyan 3 a ƙarshen 1925 don samun shafin yammacin Hearst. An gabatar da tsare-tsaren gidan wasan kwaikwayo na 57th Street a watan Janairun 1926,   amma Met ta watsar da tsare-shiryen shekaru biyu bayan haka.  

## Manazarta