Ka Shabangu

**Johannes Mandla** " **Ka** " **Shabangu** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1954 ko 1955) ya kasance ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma tsohon mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata. Ya shiga Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) a sakamakon boren Soweto na shekarar 1976, kuma a shekarar 1981 an same shi da laifin cin amanar ƙasa  da kuma harin gurneti a kan wani bakar fata ɗan sanda. Ya shafe shekaru biyu a kan hukuncin kisa kafin a mayar da hukuncin kisa zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai a shekarar 1983; An sake shi daga tsibirin Robben a farkon shekarun 1990.

Bayan kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, Shabangu ya wakilci jam’iyyar ANC a Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa  a lokacin da aka kafa majalisar dimokuraɗiyya ta farko kuma ya yi wa’adi biyu a matsayin ma’ajin lardi na jam’iyyar reshen Mpumalanga. A shekarun baya, ya kasance memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na majalisar dattawan soja ta MK.

## Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya
An haifi Shabangu a shekarar 1954 ko a shekarar 1955. Ya bar Afirka ta Kudu bayan boren Soweto a shekarar 1976 ya koma MK don horar da sojoji a ƙasashen waje. 

### Laifin cin amanar ƙasa: 1981
Bayan ya koma ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin ma’aikacin MK, an kama Shabangu tare da tuhumarsa shi da laifin cin amanar ƙasa a shekarar 1981. Kotun kolin Pretoria ta saurari ƙarar Shabangu da wasu 'yan jam'iyyar ANC guda biyu, David Moise da Anthony Tsotsobe, waɗanda a wasu lokutan ake kiransu da sunan "Sasol three".

A ranar 18 ga watan Agusta 1981, an same su uku da laifin cin amanar ƙasa saboda kasancewarsu a jam'iyyar ANC da kuma shiga ta'addanci (duk da cewa babu wani abu da ya faru da ya yi sanadin mutuwa).  Yayin da aka samu Moise da laifin yin zagon ƙasa  a wani kamfani na Sasol a shekarar 1980 da Tsotsobe da hannu a hare-haren bama-bamai da hare-haren da aka kai wa 'yan sanda, an samu Shabangu da laifin jefa gurneti a gidan wani ɗan sanda bakar fata a Soweto da kuma ajiye "jerin mutuwa" wanda ake zargin ya bayyana wasu baƙaƙen fata bakwai masu adawa da ANC a matsayin hari.   An yanke wa dukkan waɗanda ake tuhuma hukuncin rataya. An kama mutane da dama a zanga-zangar da aka yi a wajen fadar shari'a bayan yanke hukuncin.

Sakamakon ya haifar da cece-kuce musamman saboda shari'ar jihar ta dogara ne kan ikirari da aka sanya wa hannu wanda waɗanda ake tuhumar suka ce an zarge su da azabtarwa. Sai dai mai shari’a Charl Theron ya ce an amince da ikirari kuma ya ce ya dogara ne da karfin ikirari.  Bayan yaƙin neman zaɓe na ƙasa da ƙasa, wanda ya sami amincewar hukumar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya  da na Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, an mayar da hukumcin waɗanda ake tuhumar zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai a watan Yuni 1983. Shabangu da sauran sun yi hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai a tsibirin Robben  har sai da aka sake su a farkon shekarun 1990 saboda ci gaban da aka samu a tattaunawar kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata.

### Yunkurin kisa: 1992
A daren ranar 10 ga watan Nuwamba, 1992, wasu gungun 'yan ƙungiyar MK, dauke da gurneti da AK-47, sun kai hari gidan Shabangu a Lekazi, kusa da Nelspruit, Gabashin Transvaal.  Mazauna gidan sun sami raunuka kaɗan ne kawai.  Mutane uku – Derrick Skosana da ‘yan’uwan Joe da Conrad Nkuna – an same su da laifin yunkurin kisan kai saboda shiryawa da kai harin; an yanke musu hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru da yawa a gidan yari.

Duk da haka, a zaman kwamitin gaskiya da sulhu a Nelspruit a tsakiyar shekarar 1997, masu laifin uku sun nemi a yi musu afuwa bisa hujjar cewa yunkurin rayuwar Shabangu na da nasaba da siyasa. Babban babba a cikinsu shi ne Joe Nkuna, tsohon sakataren yankin ANC a yankin Gabashin Transvaal. Nkuna ya ce shi kansa ya samu munanan raunuka a wani harin kwanton ɓauna da aka kai masa a watan Oktoban 1991 kuma ya yi imanin cewa Nkuna tare da haɗin gwiwar ‘yan sanda ne ke da alhakin kai harin. Abin da ya fi tayar da hankali, Nkuna ya ce ya tattauna batun da kwamandan MK kuma ɗan kwaminisanci Chris Hani; ya ce Hani ya ba da umarni kai tsaye don "kawar da" Nkuna da sauran waɗanda ake zargi da aikata laifuka biyu.

Hukumar gaskiya da sasantawa ta ce ba za a iya “kira asusun Nkuna a matsayin rashin gaskiya ba”, kuma ba za a iya tabbatar da hakan ba, tunda Hani ya rasu a shekarar 1993. Ta yanke hukuncin cewa harin yana da nasaba da siyasa kuma an yi afuwa ga dukkan masu neman uku. Jam'iyyar ANC dai ta yi suka sosai kan matakin kuma ta musanta cewa Hani ya sanya hannu a kai harin.

## Aikin bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata
A zaɓen farko da aka gudanar bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1994, an zaɓi Shabangu a matsayin wakilin jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokokin ƙasar, ɗan majalisar wakilai ta sabuwar majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu.  Bai kammala wa'adinsa a kujerar ba.  Sai dai kuma a shekarar 1994, an zaɓi Shabangu a matsayin ma'ajin lardin ANC reshen Mpumalanga (wanda har yanzu ake kira Eastern Transvaal), yana aiki ƙarƙashin shugaban lardin Mathews Phosa; ya yi wa'adi biyu a wancan ofishin.  Gabanin taron ƙasa karo na 50 na jam'iyyar ANC a shekarar 1997, jam'iyyar Mpumalanga ANC ta zaɓi Shabangu domin ya tsaya takarar kwamitin gudanarwa na ANC na ƙasa,  ko da yake ba a zaɓe shi a ƙarshe ba.

### Cin hanci da rashawa na Dolphin
Bayan wa'adinsa na biyu ya ƙare, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai shirya jam'iyyar ANC a Mpumalanga.  Yayin da yake cikin wannan matsayi, an shigar da shi a cikin wani babban abin kunya da kuma tsawon lokaci  a cikin lardi, wanda ya dogara ne akan dangantakar da ke tsakanin ANC da Dolphin Group, wani kamfani na Dubai wanda ke da kwangila mai mahimmanci tare da Mpumalanga Parks Board (lalata kasuwanci na shekaru 25 a cikin wuraren shakatawa na wasan kwaikwayo na Mpumalanga).  A cikin watan Janairu 1999, *Mail &amp;amp; Guardian* sun ba da rahoto game da leaks daga binciken da Sashen Bincike na Musamman ya gudanar, wanda a fili ya gano cewa kowane jami'in ANC da jami'an wuraren shakatawa sun sami koma baya ta hanyar tsararrun kamfanoni na gaba. An bayyana sunan Shabangu a matsayin wanda ya karbi kuɗaɗen da jam’iyyar ANC ta yi amfani da su wajen gudanar da taron zaɓen lardin a shekarar 1996 a Secunda (wanda aka sake zaɓen Shabangu a matsayin ma’ajin kuɗi), yayin da matarsa, wacce a lokacin jami’ar gwamnatin lardin ce, ta riƙa karɓar alawus ɗin mota duk wata. 

A makonnin da suka biyo baya, tsohon shugaban hukumar kula da wuraren shakatawa ya yi zargin cewa Shabangu ya taka rawar gani wajen gabatar da Dolphin a hukumar kula da wuraren shakatawa da kuma kafa kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na sirri.  Hukumar ta ba da tallafin tafiye-tafiyen da Shabangu ya yi zuwa Dubai da Landan a shekarar 1996 ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma darektan kuɗi da aka dakatar ya ce hukumar ta yi masa hayar gida a kasuwar Sandton.  Bugu da ƙari, shuwagabannin Dolphin sun ce Shabangu ya nema kuma ya karɓi gudunmawar kuɗi R 50,000 ga jam’iyyar ANC, a matsayin “nuna fatan alheri” na nuna jajircewar kamfanin, amma jam’iyyar ANC ta ce Shabangu bai bayyana ko mikawa jam’iyyar kuɗin ba.  ANC ta ce za ta binciki yadda Shabangu ya shiga. 

### Majalisar Dattawan MK
A wa'adi na biyu na shugaba Jacob Zuma, Shabangu ya kasance memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na majalisar tsoffin soji ta MK, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2017 a cikin gasa kai tsaye tare da kungiyar tsoffin soji masu goyon bayan Zuma MK (MKMVA).  A cikin wannan matsayi, ya kasance mai sukar MKMVA da ayyukanta, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin masu adawa da dimokuraɗiyya,   da kuma manyan shugabannin jam'iyyar ANC da Zuma ke jagoranta. 

## Manazarta