Kay Nielsen

**Kay Rasmus Nielsen** (Maris 12, 1886 - 21 ga watan Yuni, 1957) wani mai zane ne na Danish wanda ya shahara a farkon karni na 20, Golden Age of Illustration wanda ya daɗe daga lokacin da Daniel Vierge da sauran majagaba suka haɓaka fasahar bugawa har ta kai ga za a iya buga zane da zane tare da dacewa. Nielsen kuma sananne ne don haɗin gwiwarsa tare da Disney wanda ya ba da gudummawar zane-zane da zane-zane da yawa, ba don  ba.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Rayuwar farko
An haifi Kay Nielsen a Copenhagen a cikin iyali mai fasaha; iyayensa biyu sun kasance 'yan wasan kwaikwayo - mahaifin Nielsen, Martinus Nielsen, shi ne darektan Dagmarteater da mahaifiyarsa, Oda Nielsen, ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo mafi girma a lokacinta, duka a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal Danish da Dagmarteater.  Kay Nielsen ya yi karatun fasaha a Paris a Académie Julian da Académie Colarossi daga 1904 zuwa 1911,  sannan ya zauna a Ingila daga 1911 zuwa 1916. Ya karɓi hukumar Ingilishi ta farko daga Hodder da Stoughton don kwatanta tarin tatsuniyoyi, yana ba da faranti masu launi 24 da fiye da zane-zane na monotone 15 don *In Powder da Crinoline, Tatsuniya Retold ta Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch* a 1913. A cikin wannan shekarar, Nielsen kuma ya ba da izini daga *The Illustrated London News* don samar da saitin zane-zane guda huɗu don rakiyar tatsuniyoyi na Charles Perrault ; An buga kwatancin Nielsen na 'Kyawun Barci', 'Puss in Boots', 'Cinderella' da 'Bluebeard' a cikin Buga na Kirsimeti na 1913.

### Sana'ar fasaha
Shekara guda daga baya a cikin 1914, Nielsen ya ba da faranti 25 masu launi da fiye da 21 hotuna monotone don tarin yara *Gabas da Rana da Yammacin Wata* . Hotunan launi na duka *A cikin foda da Crinoline* da *Gabas na Rana da Yammacin wata* an sake yin su ta hanyar tsari mai launi 4, sabanin yawancin zane-zanen da mutanen zamaninsa suka shirya waɗanda ke amfani da tsarin al'ada 3-launi. Har ila yau, a wannan shekarar, Nielsen ya samar da akalla hotuna uku da ke nuna al'amuran daga rayuwar Joan na Arc . Lokacin da aka buga daga baya a cikin 1920s, waɗannan hotuna sun haɗu da rubutun da suka dace daga *Monk na Fife* .

Yayin da yake zanen shimfidar wurare a yankin Dover, Nielsen ya shiga hulɗa tare da Society of Tempera Painters inda ya koyi sababbin ƙwarewa, kuma ya iya rage lokacin da ke cikin aikin zanen. A cikin 1917 Nielsen ya tafi New York inda aka gudanar da nunin aikinsa kuma daga baya ya koma Denmark. Tare da mai haɗin gwiwa, Johannes Poulsen, ya zana zane-zane na wasan kwaikwayo na Royal Danish Theatre a Copenhagen. A wannan lokacin, Nielsen ya kuma yi aiki a kan ɗimbin misalai da aka yi niyya don rakiyar fassarar *The Arab Nights* wanda masanin Larabci, Farfesa Arthur Christensen ya yi. Dangane da sharhin da Nielsen ya yi da kansa da aka buga, waɗannan misalai za su kasance ginshiƙan komawar sa ga zane-zanen littattafai bayan tsaikon da aka yi a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya kuma manufar ita ce buga sigar Danish daidai da juzu'i na duniya masu magana da Ingilishi da kuma kasuwar Faransa. Aikin bai yi nasara ba kuma ba a san misalan Nielsen ba har sai shekaru da yawa bayan mutuwarsa.

A cikin 1920s, Nielsen ya koma kan wasan kwaikwayo a Copenhagen yana tsara saiti da kayayyaki don ƙwararrun wasan kwaikwayo. A lokacin, yana da shekaru 40, ya auri Ulla Pless-Schmidt mai shekaru 22 mai kwarjini, 'yar wani likita mai arziki,  kuma sun zama ma'aurata masu sadaukarwa. A wannan lokacin, shi ne mashahurin mai fasaha na Scandinavia. 

Bayan aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo a Copenhagen, Nielsen ya dawo don ba da gudummawa ga littattafan da aka kwatanta tare da littafin Fairy Tales na Hans Christian Andersen a 1924. Wannan taken ya ƙunshi faranti masu launi 12 da fiye da zane-zane na monotone sama da 40. Hotunan launi an shirya su tare da hadedde na yau da kullun da iyakoki na yau da kullun; an samar da iyakoki na yau da kullun a cikin salon mile fleur. Shekara guda bayan haka, Nielsen ya ba da zane-zane don Hansel da Gretel, da Sauran Labarun ta Brothers Grimm wanda aka fara buga shi da hotuna masu launi 12 da kuma sama da 20 cikakkun bayanai na monotone. Shekaru 5 kuma sun shuɗe kafin buga Red Magic, taken ƙarshe da Nielsen ya kwatanta gabaɗaya. Sigar Red Magic ta 1930 ta ƙunshi launi 8 da fiye da gudummawar monotone 50 daga ɗan wasan Danish.

### Yi aiki a Disney
A 1939 Nielsen ya bar California kuma ya yi aiki da kamfanonin Hollywood. Shawarwari na sirri daga Joe Grant zuwa Walt Disney ya ba Nielsen aiki tare da Kamfanin Walt Disney,  inda aka yi amfani da aikinsa a cikin *dare akan Bald Mountain  Ave Maria* jerin *Fantasia* .  Nielsen ya shahara a ɗakin studio na Disney don zane-zanensa kuma ya ba da gudummawar zane-zane don fina-finai na Disney da yawa, ciki har da zane-zane na ra'ayi don daidaitawa na Hans Christian Andersen's *The Little Mermaid* . Daidaitawa ya kasance wani ɓangare na fim ɗin fakiti mai ɗauke da sassa daban-daban dangane da tatsuniyar Andersen. An yi fim ɗin sama da shekaru 50 bayan haɗa shi da Disney.   Nielsen ya yi aiki da Kamfanin Walt Disney na tsawon shekaru 4, daga 1937 zuwa 1941 kafin a bar shi saboda ana ganin aikinsa ya yi duhu sosai. An dawo da shi a taƙaice a cikin 1950s don *Kyakkyawan Barci* .  Kay Nielsen ya ci gaba da samun lada don aikinsa a kamfanin Disney kuma ana ba da shi don ƙarfafa haɓakar gani na

## Shekaru na ƙarshe da mutuwa
Nielsen a taƙaice ya koma Denmark cikin fidda rai. Duk da haka, ya sami ayyukansa ba su da buƙata a can ma.  Shekarunsa na ƙarshe ya ƙare cikin talauci. Ayyukansa na ƙarshe sun kasance don makarantu na gida da majami'u, da kuma zanensa na Wong Chapel a Ikilisiyar Ikilisiya ta Farko, Los Angeles, yana kwatanta Zabura ta 23 . Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukansa na ƙarshe shi ne bangon bango da aka girka a Makarantar Sakandare ta Tsakiya, Los Angeles mai taken ''<nowiki/>'Farkon bazara''' damar Kay Nielsen don nuna godiyarsa ga al'ummarsa wanda ya ba shi maraba da 'yancin yin zane a cikin mummunan shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa.

Wani mai shan taba,  Nielsen ya kamu da tari mai tsanani wanda zai addabe shi har mutuwarsa a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 1957, yana da shekaru 71. An gudanar da jana'izar sa a karkashin bangon bangon bangon na Wong Chapel. Matarsa, Ulla, ta rasu a shekara ta gaba. 

Kafin mutuwarta ga ciwon sukari, Ulla ta ba da sauran misalai na Nielsen ga ɗan'uwan ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma masanin injiniya Frederick Monhoff, wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin sanya su a gidajen tarihi. Koyaya, babu wani - Ba'amurke ko Danish - da zai karɓi su a lokacin.

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

* *___ A cikin Foda da Crinoline* (Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1913)
* *___ Gabashin Rana da Yammacin Wata* (Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1914)
* Quiller-Couch, AT *Gimbiya Rawar Goma Sha Biyu (* Doran, NY, 1923 (Sake Buga *In Power da Crinoline* ))
* *___ Tatsuniyoyi na Andersen* (Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1924)
* *___ Hansel da Gretel* (Hodder & Soughton, London, 1925)
* Wilson, R. *Red Magic* (Cape, London 1930)

## Filmography

## Duba kuma
Wasan Kowa

## Manazarta