Sadie L. Adams

**Sadie L. Adams** (24 ga Fabrairu, 1872 - 30 ga Yuli, 1945) malamar Afirka-Amurka ce, mai rajin kare haƙƙin mata, kuma 'yar ƙungiyar mata . Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka yi aiki a hukumar zaɓe a Chicago kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Douglas League of Women Voters. A shekarar 1916, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakili daga ƙungiyar baƙar fata ta farko a Chicago, Alpha Suffrage Club, zuwa taron National Equal Rights League . An zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar Chicago da Northern District Association of Colored Women's Clubs a shekarar 1921, inda ta yi aiki har zuwa 1934. Ta kuma shiga cikin ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na agaji waɗanda suka taimaka wajen shigar da mata cikin aikin yaƙi a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, samar da albarkatu ga matasa marasa galihu, da kuma ƙara yawan 'yan takarar mata baƙar fata.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Sarah C. Lewis a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1872, a Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, ga Fanny (née Mosby/Moseby) da William W. Lewis.   Tana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan ma'auratan uku. Tana da 'yar'uwa, Cora (daga baya Keyes) da ɗan'uwa, Delaware.   Tun tana ƙarama, ta shiga Cocin John Wesley AME. Ta kasance malamar makarantar Lahadi kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar hukumar makarantar Lahadi. Bayan ta halarci makarantar gwamnati a Staunton, Lewis ya ci gaba da samun takardar shaidar koyarwa daga Hartshorn Memorial College da ke Richmond . 

## Sana'a
Da ta koma garinsu, Lewis ta fara koyarwa a tsarin Makarantar Jama'a ta Staunton, inda ta yi aiki har zuwa aurenta.  A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1892, ta auri James P. Adams.   Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya uku: James Cornelius (an haife shi a shekara ta 1895), Sarah Neta Lucile "Lucile" (an haife shi a shekara ta 1901) da Amelia Frances (an haife shi a shekara ta 1904).   Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Baltimore, Maryland a shekara ta 1901, lokacin da Adams ya zama mai wa'azi kuma aka yi wa ɗanta baftisma a St. Katherine ta Alexandria,  "aikin da aka yi masa launi" na Cocin Mount Calvary .   A shekara ta 1910, iyalin suka ƙaura zuwa Chicago kuma Adams ya shiga Cocin St. Thomas Episcopal. 

## Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka da ayyukan kulob
Unguwannin baƙar fata a Chicago a lokacin ba su da isassun albarkatu, musamman ga matasan Baƙar fata, kuma Adams ya sadaukar da kai wajen gyara waɗannan gibin da kuma kawo "ingantaccen zamantakewa gaba ɗaya."    Ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatare kuma shugabar ƙungiyar Dorcas Society, ƙungiyar agaji ta cocinta  da kuma a ƙungiyar 'Yan Mata ta Gida, a matsayin sakatare mai rikodin kuma ta zama mai himma a ƙungiyar kula da yara.  Sau biyu a mako, ta yi aiki a Asibitin Provident, tana aunawa da yin rikodin ƙididdiga kan jarirai ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Ƙungiyar Agajin Jarirai.  Daga baya ta yi aiki a ma'ajiyar Kwamitin Haɗin Kan Kabilar da ke Chicago, wanda ya tara kuɗi don kula da Makarantar Masana'antu ta Amanda Smith a Harvey, Illinois .  Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin amintacce a hukumar makarantar.  Domin magance matsalolin da suka shafi matasan Baƙar fata kai tsaye, Adams ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Birnin da YWCA   Ta fahimci muhimmancin shugabancin mata Baƙar fata kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin alkali da magatakarda a Hukumar Gida da Taimakon Jama'a ta Illinois.  Ta kuma yi aiki tare da Esther Social Register, wata ƙungiya wadda aikinta shi ne nishadantar da shahararrun baƙar fata da ke ziyara. 

Ta kuma kasance cikin ƙungiyar agaji ta Gaudemaus. A shekarar 1912 ta yi aiki a matsayin wakili a taron NACW a madadin ƙungiyar agaji.  Bugu da ƙari, a shekarar 1916, bayan rasuwar tsohon sakatare, an naɗa Adams sakataren ƙungiyar.  Adams ta shiga cikin ayyukan ƙungiyar sosai kuma Chicago Defender ta bayyana ta a matsayin "mai gajiya da himma" idan ana maganar aikinta na ƙungiyar. 

### Shiga cikin Ƙungiyar Alpha Suffrage
Adams ta shiga ƙungiyar Alpha Suffrage Club, ƙungiyar mata baƙaƙen fata ta ƙasar, kuma cikin shekara guda da kafa ta a shekarar 1913 ta zama jami'ar ƙungiyar, tana aiki a matsayin sakatare mai dacewa da ita.  Matan Illinois sun sami 'yancin kaɗa ƙuri'a a zaɓen ƙananan hukumomi a shekarar 1914  kuma Adams ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata baƙaƙen farko da suka yi aiki a hukumar zaɓe.  Ƙirƙirar wani tubalin zaɓe mai tasiri a cikin nau'in mata baƙaƙe ta hanyar aiwatar da "tsarin toshewa" don ƙwanƙwasa ƙofofi ya kasance babban fifiko ga ƙungiyar a lokacin da Adam ke matsayin sakatare.  A shekarar 1916, ta halarci taron National Equal Rights League da aka gudanar a Washington, DC, a matsayin wakili ga Alpha Suffrage Club, ⁣   wanda ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaba, a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Ida B. Wells .  Ita ce "wakili ɗaya tilo daga jihar Illinois" kuma ta halarci taruka biyu na ƙungiyar Illinois Equal Suffrage League a matsayin wakilin Alpha Club. 

### Aikin agaji a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya
Lokacin da ɗanta, James, ya yi aikin sa kai a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Adams ta fara aikin sa kai wata rana a mako tare da Majalisar Tsaro ta Jiha don shigar da mata aikin yaƙi. James, wacce take da ƙwarƙwara a yaƙin, ta ji rauni kuma an yi mata iskar gas kafin a sallame ta daga aiki cikin girmamawa. Adams ta kuma yi aiki a kwamitin da ya taimaka wajen maraba da sojojin ƙasa na 370 daga yaƙi.  Ita ce babbar mai shirya taron mata na zaman lafiya da aka gudanar a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 1938.  A ƙarshen yaƙin, an karrama ta da rigar hannu saboda hidimarta daga kwamitin mata na Majalisar Tsaro.  

### Ci gaba da aikin haƙƙin zaɓe
A ƙarshen yaƙin, ta koma bakin aikinta kan zaɓen 'yan ƙasa kuma ta halarci taron ƙungiyoyi a shekarar 1920 na ƙungiyar League of Women Voters (LWV), wanda aka gudanar a Chicago.   A shekarar 1921, an zaɓi Adams a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar Chicago da Northern District Association of Coloured Women's Clubs, bayan da ta taɓa yin aiki a ƙungiyar a matsayin 'yar majalisa da mataimakiyar shugaba,  kuma za ta yi aiki har zuwa wa'adin 1933-34.  Bayan wa'adinta na shugaba, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar zaman lafiya da hulɗar ƙasa da ƙasa na ƙungiyar.  Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Douglas League of Women Voters  kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin wakiliya a taron mata na Pan-American da aka gudanar a watan Afrilun 1922 a Baltimore .   Ita ce kaɗai baƙar fata mace daga Illinois da ta halarci taron. 

A shekarar 1923, ƙungiyar mata masu zaɓe ta Illinois ta gayyaci Adams don wakiltar ƙungiyoyin mata masu launin launi na Illinois a wani taro da aka shirya don tattauna Dokar Sheppard-Towner .  An zartar da Dokar a shekarar 1920 don samar da dokokin jin daɗin tarayya don kare yara da haihuwa da kuma tsarin haɗin gwiwa na jiha da tarayya wajen aiwatar da ita. Ƙungiyar LWV ta ƙasa ta goyi bayan dokar, amma ta kasance mai ce-ce-ku-ce saboda ta buƙaci jihohi su daidaita gudummawar tarayya ga shirin da kuma tsara aiwatarwa.

Ganin rawar da ta taka a waɗannan abubuwan, Adams ta sami karbuwa a matsayin shugaba a cikin ƙungiyar zaɓen 'yan takara.  Ta riƙe matsayin shugaba da mataimakiyar shugaba ta Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Launi ta Ƙasa, kuma a cikin waɗannan mukamai ta jagoranci tattaunawa tsakanin mata fararen fata da baƙaƙen fata don tsara haƙƙoƙin mata.  A shekarar 1924, Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Launi ta Ƙasa (NACW) ta gudanar da Babban Taronta na 14 a Chicago kuma Adams ba wai kawai ya jagoranci kwamitin shirya shirye-shiryen ba, har ma ya miƙa makullan birnin ga Hallie Q. Brown, shugaban NACW. 

## Mutuwa da gado
Adams ta rasu a ranar 30 ga Yuli, 1945, a Asibitin Presbyterian da ke Chicago.  Ana tuna ta a matsayin wata Baƙar fata mai tasiri a fannin zaɓe wadda ta yi amfani da damarta ta ɗan lokaci a matsayin wani ɓangare na "Baƙar fata" don fifita kyawawan halaye masu ci gaba   da kuma a matsayinta na ma'aikaciyar sadaukarwa ga ƙungiyoyin mata da yara masu kyautatawa a Chicago.  Chicago Defender, wata jarida Baƙar fata da ke Chicago ta yi mata suna, wadda ta kwatanta ta da Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, da sauran masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin Baƙar fata masu tasiri. 

## Manazarta