Cinikin mutane a Peru

**[[Peru]]** ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar TIP ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 a watan Janairun 2002. 

A shekara ta 2009, Peru ta kasance tushen, wucewa, da kuma ƙasar da aka nufa ga maza, mata, da yara da ke fuskantar fataucin mutane, musamman ma aikin tilas da karuwanci. An kiyasta dubban mutane da yawa da za a yi musu aiki a cikin Peru, galibi a cikin hakar ma'adinai, katako, noma, yin tubali, da bautar gida. Yawancin wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane mata ne da 'yan mata daga yankunan karkara masu talauci na Amazon, an dauke su kuma an tilasta su cikin karuwanci a cikin gidajen rawa na birane, mashaya, da gidajen karuwai, sau da yawa ta hanyar tayin aiki na ƙarya ko alkawuran ilimi. 'Yan asalin ƙasar sun kasance masu saukin kamuwa da bautar bashi. Aikin tilastawa yara ya kasance matsala, musamman a cikin ma'adinan zinariya na al'ada, samar da cocaine, da sufuri. Akwai rahotanni kungiyar ta'addanci ta Sendero Luminoso, ko Shining Path, ta dauki yara a matsayin sojoji da alfadarai. Har zuwa ƙarami, an tilasta wa 'yan Peru yin karuwanci a Ecuador, Spain, Italiya, Japan, da Amurka, da kuma tilasta aiki a Argentina, Chile, da Brazil. Peru kuma ƙasa ce mai zuwa ga wasu matan Ecuador da Bolivia a cikin karuwanci na tilasta, da wasu 'yan ƙasar Bolivia a cikin yanayin aiki na tilasta. Yawon shakatawa na jima'i na yara ya kasance a Iquitos, Madre de Dios, da Cuzco. An ruwaito masu fataucin mutane suna aiki ba tare da hukunta su ba a wasu yankuna inda akwai karancin ko babu gwamnati. A shekara ta 2006, Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa akwai mutane 33,000 a cikin yanayin tilasta aiki a cikin Amazon na Peru, da farko a yankunan Ucayali, Madre de Dios, Loreto, Pucallpa, Atalaya da Puerto Maldonado.

A cikin shekara ta 2010, Gwamnatin Peru ba ta cika cikakkun ka'idoji don kawar da fataucin ba; duk da haka, ta yi ƙoƙari sosai don yin hakan. A shekarar da ta gabata, gwamnati ta kara kokarin tilasta bin doka game da laifukan fataucin mutane kuma ta ci gaba da wayar da kan jama'a. Koyaya, gwamnati ta kasa samar da isasshen sabis na wadanda aka azabtar kuma ba ta yi isasshen ƙoƙari don magance yawan fataucin ma'aikata a kasar ba.

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2011, an ceto kusan mata da 'yan mata 300 daga cin zarafin jima'i a wani hari a wani yanki na Amazon na Peru da aka sani da cibiyar hakar zinariya.

Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci ya sanya kasar a cikin "Tier 2" a cikin 2017  da 2023 . 

A cikin 2021, Ƙididdigar Laifuka ta Ƙungiya ta ba ƙasar maki 7 cikin 10 don fataucin mutane, tana mai lura da cewa yawancin fataucin yana da alaƙa da ayyukan hakar ma'adinai.

## Tarihi (1894-1910)
A lokacin bunkasar roba, dubban 'yan asalin ƙasar sun bautar da su a kan Amazon na Peru ta hanyar Correrías, kalmar da ke daidai da Hare-haren bayi, don a iya amfani da ayyukansu don cire roba. Masanin ilimin ɗan adam Søren Hvalkof ya lura cewa Correrías sun zama ruwan dare a gefen Kogin Ucayali da kuma yankunan da ke kewaye da shi kuma sun shafi dukkan kungiyoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar a wannan yankin. Correrías a gefen Peruvian na Kogin Madre de Dios ya fara ne a kusa da 1894, bayan ci gaban Isthmus na Fitzcarrald, mai suna bayan baron roba na Peruvian Carlos Fitzcarrald .  Kamfanin Fitzcarrald ya dogara da aikin bayi na asali, da farko daga Asháninka, Mashco-Piro, Harákmbut, Shipibo da Conibo. A wasu yankuna na Amazon na Peruvian, Correrías da farko ya kama mata da yara yayin da aka kashe tsofaffi  da maza.   

Amfani da 'yan asalin ƙasar da kamfanin Carlos Fitzcarrald ya bautar da su ya ci gaba bayan mutuwar Fitzcarrard a shekara ta 1897. Carlos Scharff ya ɗauki alhakin babban ɓangare na kamfanin Fitzcarrald da ma'aikatansa, daga ƙarshe ya zama mafi iko a kan kogin Ucayali, Urubamba da kuma masu goyon bayansu. Scharff ya fara jerin ƙaura da aka tilasta wa ma'aikatansa da niyyar amfani da sabbin tushen roba a Kogin Juruá. Saboda yanayin hakar roba a yankin da kamfanin Scharff ke aiki, ana buƙatar ma'aikatansa koyaushe su sake komawa da zarar tushen roba na gida sun ƙare. An sake dawo da daruruwan 'yan asalin daga Kogin Ucayali da Juruá zuwa Kogin Purus a shekara ta 1901. A cikin 1905, Scharff ya fara wani jerin ƙaura ga ma'aikatansa daga Kogin Purus zuwa Kogin Las Piedras. Daga baya aka kashe Scharff a cikin 1909 a cikin wani tashin hankali da ma'aikatansa suka yi. Yayinda yake tafiya a cikin yankin da kamfanin Scharff ke aiki, masanin ilimin ɗan adam William Curtis Farabee ya lura da kasancewar mai ɗaukar roba da ake kira Torres. Torres ya kasance baƙo daga kogin Putumayo kuma ya yi fataucin kusan iyalai Huitoto ashirin daga wannan yankin zuwa yankin Madre de Dios. Farabee ya lura cewa wannan tafiya ce ta fiye da mil dubu, kuma wasu daga cikin 'yan asalin da aka yi fataucin dole ne su mutu a hanya daga dysentary da zazzabi.

## Shari'a (2010)
Gwamnatin Peru ta inganta kokarin yaki da fataucin mutane ta hanyar tilasta bin doka a shekarar da ta gabata. Dokar 28950 ta haramta duk wani nau'i na fataucin mutane, yana ba da hukuncin shekaru takwas zuwa 25 a kurkuku dangane da yanayin. Wadannan hukunce-hukuncen suna da tsauri sosai kuma sun dace da waɗanda aka tsara don wasu manyan laifuka, kamar fyade. A lokacin bayar da rahoto, 'yan sanda sun binciki shari'o'in fataucin mutane 137; daga cikin wadannan, 34 sun hada da aikin tilas kuma 103 sun hada da fataucin jima'i, tare da jimlar wadanda aka ruwaito 185 . Hukumomi sun gabatar da shari'o'in fataucin mutane 78 ga bangaren shari'a kuma sun tabbatar da hukuncin masu aikata laifuka tara na fataucin jima'i, wadanda suka sami hukuncin da ya kai shekaru uku zuwa 30 a kurkuku, ban da tarar. Idan aka kwatanta, hukumomin Peruvian sun gurfanar da shari'o'i 54 kuma sun yanke wa masu aikata laifuka biyar na fataucin jima'i hukunci a shekarar da ta gabata. Koyaya, akwai ƙananan gurfanar da aka yi kuma babu wani hukunci da aka ruwaito don laifuffukan aiki na tilas, duk da ƙididdigar yawan aikin tilas a cikin ƙasar. Rundunar 'yan sanda ta gwamnati ta keɓe kanta ta kunshi kusan jami'ai 30.

## Manazarta