Akwa Ibom

**Akwa Ibom** jiha ce a kudu maso kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar Cross River daga gabas, daga yamma da Jihar Rivers da Abiya, Sannan daga kudu da Tekun Atalanta. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin  Qua Iboe River wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny. An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekara ta 1987, tare da babban birninta a Uyo da kananan hukumomi 31. 

A cikin jihohi guda 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom ita ce ta 30, a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a tana mutum miliyan 5.5, million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016. Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan  Cross–Niger transition forests a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da  rafukan Imo da Cross River wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin  Kwa Ibo River ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. 

yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081, da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari hudu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (kidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce Uyo. Udom Gabriel Emmanuel shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015, har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne Moses Ekpo. Dattiban jihar su ne: Bassey Akpan, Godswill Akpabio da Nelson Effiong. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira  *Stubb Creek Forest Reserve*, inda kuma akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka. A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na *cetacean species* kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. 

Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen  Ibibio, Anaang, da Oron na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman Masarutar Ibom da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a shekara ta  1884, karkashin yankin Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate. Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate) acikin Yankin  Southern Nigeria Protectorate inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.

Bayan samun 'yanci a shekarata 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin Yankin Gabashin Najeriya, har zuwa shekarar alif ta 1967, lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar Yankin Gabashin Najeriya tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa Jamhoriyar Biyafara; wanda hakan ya jawo Yakin basasar Najeriya na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba. Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa shekarar alif ta 1976, lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar Cross River. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.

Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya. Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17, a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.

## Tarihi.
Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23, ga watan Satumban, shekara ta 1987. Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a shekara 1904, ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan  Annang, Oron, Efik, Ibonos da Ibibio sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin. 

Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarata 1848, da kuma Ibono a shekara ta  1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a  Ikot Ekpene, wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio.  

Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo  (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a shekara ta 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba. Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen  Ibono da Andoni, ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. 

A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a shekara ta 1987, an zabi Uyo a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar. 

## Gwamnati.
Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom:  Ibibio, Annang da Oron. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun My shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin  watan Mayu 29, ga wata shekara ta 2007, zuwa Mayu 28, ga wata shekara ta 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.

### Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati
A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;
*Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Jihar Akwa Ibom.
*Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Noma ta Jihar Akwa Ibom.
*Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance.
*Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ta Jihar Akwa Ibom.
*Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Akwa Ibom.
*Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment.
*Ma’aikatar Sufuri da Man Fetur ta Jihar Akwa Ibom.
*Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs.
*Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey.
*Ma’aikatar Yada Labarai da Dabaru ta Jihar Akwa Ibom.
*Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Jihar Akwa Ibom.
*Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology.
*Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development.
*Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports.
*Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies.
*Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning.
*Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries.
*Ma'aikatar al'adu da yawon bude ido ta Jihar Akwa Ibom.
*Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources.
*Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives.
*Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources.

## Kananan Hukumomi.
Jihar Akwa Ibom nada Kananan Hukumomi (31). Sune:
 
* Abak.
* Gabashin Obolo.
* Eket.
* Esit-Eket.
* Essien Udim.
* Etim-Ekpo.
* Etinan.
* Ibeno.
* Ibesikpo-Asutan.
* Ibiono-Ibom.
* Ika.
* Ikono.
* Ikot Abasi.
* Ikot Ekpene.
* Ini.
* Itu.
* Mbo.
* Mkpat-Enin.
* Nsit-Atai.
* Nsit-Ibom.
* Nsit-Ubium.
* Obot-Akara.
* Okobo.
* Onna.
* Oron.
* Oruk Anam.
* Ukanafun.
* Udung-Uko.
* Uruan.
* Urue-Offong/Oruko.
* Uyo.

## Mutane.
### Kabilu.
Muhimman kabilun yakin sune  Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo.

### Addini.
Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne.

### Harsuna.
Kamar dai mutanen Efik makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na Harsunan Ibibio-Efik  wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan  Benue–Congo wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo.

Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu.

## Ilimi
Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Akwa Ibom ke da alhakin kula da harkokin Ilima a Jihar. Sashin Akwa Ibom na yankin tsohuwar Calabar itace yanki na farko da aka fara karatun boko a Najeriya, tare da kafa makarantar Hope Waddell Training Institute a Calabar a cikin shekara ta 1895, da kuma makarantar  Methodist Boys' High School, Oron a shekara ta1905, da sauran makarantu kamar Holy Family College a Abak da Regina Coeli College a Essene.

Wasu manyan makarantun yankin sun hada da:

*Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic Ikot Osurua.
*Akwa Ibom State University (Oruk Anam LGA and Mkpat Enin LGA).
*Federal Polytechnic, Ukana.
*Foundation College of Technology Ikot Ekpene[26]
*Heritage Polytechnic, Eket.
*Maritime Academy of Nigeria, Oron.
*Obong University, Obong Ntak
*Ritman University.
*University of Uyo, Uyo
*School of Basic Studies, Abak[27]
*School of Nursing, Uyo, Eket, Oron, Ikot Ekpene, Etinan[28]
*Sure Polytechnic, Ukanafun[29]
*Topfaith University, Mkpatak[30]
*Trinity Polytechnic, Uyo[31]
*Uyo City Polytechnic Nduetong Oku[32]

## Sanannun mutane.
Sanannun mutane a yankin sun hada da:

* Obong Victor Attah, former governor of Akwa Ibom State.
* Senator Godswill Akpabio, former governor of Akwa Ibom State, former Senate Minority Leader
* Effiong Dickson Bob
* Ini Edo, Nollywood Actress.
* Obong Ufot Ekaette, secretary to the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007 under President Olusegun Obasanjo
* Dominic Ekandem first cardinal in English-speaking West Africa. First Nigerian Cardinal to qualify as a candidate to the papacy.
* Senator (Engr.) Chris Ekpenyong Former deputy governor of Akwa Ibom State in the Victor Attah administration and current Nigerian Senator representing Akwa Ibom North-West Senatorial District in the 9th Assembly.
* Engr. Patrick Ekpotu, former Deputy Governor of Akwa Ibom State
* Udom Gabriel Emmanuel, Governor of Akwa Ibom State from May 2015 to date
* Senator Ita Enang, Senior Special Assistant (Niger-Delta) to President Muhammadu Buhari
* Vincent Enyeama, professional footballer (Goalie) and former Super Eagle captain
* Mark Essien, entrepreneur and founder of Hotels.ng
* Chief Donald Etiebet, former Minister of Petroleum.
* Nse Ikpe-Etim, Nollywood actress.
* Eve Esin, Nollywood actress.
* Etim Inyang, former Inspector General of the Nigerian Police Force (I.G.P) 1985, to 1986
* Obong Akpan Isemin, elected governor of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria from January 1992 to November 1993 during the Nigerian Third Republic[**]
* Clement Isong, second governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria; first civilian governor of the former Cross River State
* Emem Isong, multi-award winning filmmaker and CEO of Royal Arts Academy
* Rt. Hon. Onofiok Luke, the 11th Speaker of the Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly and the Pioneer Speaker of the Nigeria Youth Parliament
* Group Capt. Idongesit Nkanga, former military governor of Akwa Ibom State
* Samuel Peter, world heavyweight boxing champion
* Egbert Udo Udoma, from Ikot Abasi, former chief justice of Uganda
* Ime Bishop Umoh, Nollywood actor
* Professor Okon Uya was briefly chairman of the National Electoral Commission of Nigeria (NECON), appointed by President Ibrahim Babangida after the presidential elections of 12 June 1993 had been annulled and his predecessor Humphrey Nwosu dismissed.

## Duba Kuma.
* Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education
* List Of Government Ministries Of Akwa Ibom State

## Manazarta.