Mai zina

Wani mai lalata wani abu ne da aka kara a asirce ga wani wanda zai iya lalata aminci ko tasiri. Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da abinci, kayan shafawa, magunguna ko man fetur.

## Ma'anar
Adulteration is the practice of secretly mixing a substance with another. The secretly added substance will not normally be present in any specification or declared substances due to accident or negligence rather than intent, and also for the introduction of unwanted substances after the product has been made. Adulteration, therefore, implies that the adulterant was introduced deliberately in the initial manufacturing process, or sometimes that it was present in the raw materials and should have been removed, but was not.&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

An adulterant is distinct from, for example, permitted food preservatives. There can be a fine line between adulterant and additive; chicory may be added to coffee to reduce the cost or achieve a desired flavor—this is adulteration if not declared, but may be stated on the label. Chalk was often added to bread flour; this reduces the cost and increases whiteness, but the calcium confers health benefits, and in modern bread, a little chalk may be included as an additive for this reason.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

In wartime, adulterants have been added to make foodstuffs "go further" and prevent shortages. The German word *ersatz* is widely recognised for such practices during World War II. Such adulteration was sometimes deliberately hidden from the population to prevent loss of morale and propaganda reasons. Some goods considered luxurious in the Soviet Bloc such as coffee were adulterated  to make them affordable to the general population.&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

== A cikin abinci da abin sha ==

Misalai na baya da na yanzu na abinci mai laushi, wasu masu haɗari, sun haɗa da:

* Apple jellies (jams), a matsayin maye gurbin jellies na [['ya'yan itace|'Ya'yan itace]] masu tsada, tare da ƙara launi kuma wani lokacin ma da ƙwayoyin itace waɗanda ke kwaikwayon raspberry ko strawberry
* Fructose mai tsayi mai tsayi ko sukari na kara, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don lalata zuma
* gurasar launin ruwan kasa mai ruwan kasa don ba da bayyanar sausage na naman sa don cika sausage.
* Yin amfani da man zaitun
* Tushen chicoory da aka gasa da aka yi amfani da shi azaman mai lalata don kofi (idan ba a ambaci shi ba ko kuma ya nuna shi a kowace hanya) 
* Ruwa, don narkar da madara da Abin sha mai barasa
* Ruwa ko saline da aka yi wa [[kaza]], naman alade, ko wasu nama don kara nauyin su.
* Urea, melamine da sauran tushen nitrogen marasa furotin, an kara su ga samfuran furotin don kumbura ma'aunin abun ciki na furotin 

== Tarihi ==
Historically, the use of adulterants has been common; sometimes dangerous substances have been used. In the United Kingdom up to the [[Zamanin Victorian|Victorian era]], adulterants were common; for example, cheeses were sometimes colored with lead. Similar adulteration issues were seen in industries in the United States, during the 19th century. There is a dispute over whether these practices declined primarily due to government regulation or to increased public awareness and concern over the practices.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

A farkon karni na 21, shari'o'in lalata mai haɗari sun faru a Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin.

A wasu ƙasashen Afirka, ba sabon abu ba ne ga ɓarayi su karya masu canzawa wutar lantarki don sata mai mai canzawa, wanda aka sayar wa masu aiki na kantin abinci na kan hanya don amfani da su don dafa abinci mai zurfi. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi don dafa abinci, an ruwaito cewa man mai canzawa yana da tsawo fiye da man dafa abinci na yau da kullun. Rashin amfani da wannan amfani da man mai canzawa shine barazanar lafiyar masu amfani, saboda kasancewar PCBs.

Adulterant use was first investigated in 1820 by the German chemist Frederick Accum, who identified many toxic metal colorings in food and drink. His work antagonized food suppliers, and he was ultimately discredited by a scandal over his alleged mutilation of books in the Royal Institution library. The physician Arthur Hill Hassall conducted extensive studies in the early 1850s, which were published in *The Lancet* and led to the 1860 Food Adulteration Act and other legislation. John Postgate led a further campaign, leading to another Act of 1875, which forms the basis of the modern legislation and a system of public analyst who test for adulteration.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

A farkon karni na 20, masana'antu a Amurka ya haifar da karuwar zina, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zanga. Bayanan zina sun jagoranci jaridar New York Evening Post zuwa ga ba'a:
Mary had a little lamb,
And when she saw it sicken,
She shipped it off to Packingtown,
And now it's labeled chicken.

## Abubuwan da suka faru

## Dubi kuma

* Hadarin da ke tattare da mutane
* Ana amfani da barasa na maye: abubuwa masu cutarwa waɗanda ake amfani da su a matsayin madadin abin sha mai barasa Rashin barasa: barasa wanda aka yi da gangan don hana amfani da shi na nishaɗi
** Rashin barasa: barasa wanda aka yi amfani da shi da gangan don hana amfani da shi na nishaɗi
* Rashin tsabta
* Abinci na karya
* Mai yanka

## Manazarta