Ethel D. Allen

**Ethel D. Allen** (8 ga Mayu, 1929 - 16 ga Disamba, 1981)  ɗan siyasa ne ɗan asalin Afirka kuma likita daga Jam'iyyar Republican, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Jama'a ta Pennsylvania a ƙarƙashin gwamna Dick Thornburgh na tsawon watanni 10, tsakanin Janairu da Oktoba 1979. Kafin ya yi aiki a majalisar ministocin jihar, Allen ya kasance memba na Majalisar Birnin Philadelphia daga 1972 zuwa 1979, yana wakiltar Gundumomin 5 da At-Large.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Allen a Philadelphia kuma iyayenta Baptist ne suka rene ta. Duk da haka, ta halarci makarantar Katolika, ta koma Katolika har tsawon rayuwarta. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Matan Katolika ta JW Hallahan . 

Ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Jihar West Virginia, inda ta yi karatun digiri a fannin sinadarai da ilmin halitta tare da ƙaramin digiri a fannin lissafi, sannan ta sami digirin digirgir na Osteopathy daga Kwalejin Philadelphia ta Magungunan Osteopathic a 1963. Yayin da iyayenta ke da himma a harkokin siyasar Democrat, Allen daga ƙarshe ta zama mai sa kai na jam'iyyar Republican, tana aiki a kamfen daban-daban, ciki har da na Dwight Eisenhower a 1952. Da barkwanci za ta kwatanta kanta a matsayin "BFR" – mace 'yar Republican baƙar fata, wata halitta mai ban mamaki kamar giwa baƙar fata kuma mai wayo."

A matsayinta na "mai aikin ghetto," Allen ta yi aiki a cikin mawuyacin hali kuma galibi mai haɗari a wasu unguwannin mafi talauci a Philadelphia. A wani lokaci, an jarabce ta da yin ƙarya a gida kuma ta sami kanta a matsayin mai fashi. Mutane huɗu sun kewaye ta, suna fatan samun ƙwayoyi daga jakar lafiyarta, amma ta tsere lafiya bayan ta riƙe bindigarta ta kuma aika da 'yan fashin da ke son su gudu. 

## Aikin siyasa

### Majalisar Birni
Allen ta yanke shawarar cewa hanya mafi kyau da za ta bi don yaƙar laifin da ta gani a matsayinta na likita ita ce ta ƙara shiga harkokin siyasa. A shekarar 1971, ta tsaya takarar Majalisar Birnin Philadelphia . A wannan shekarar, bayan da ta samu gagarumin rinjaye a muhawarar da aka yi, ta kayar da ɗan Majalisar Democrat mai ci Thomas McIntosh a Gundumar Biyar. Da zaɓenta, ta zama mace 'yar asalin Amurka ta farko da ta yi aiki a majalisar birni.  A lokacin mulkinta, Allen ta ɗauki nauyin dokoki waɗanda suka haifar da ƙirƙirar Hukumar Matasa ta Philadelphia don taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin ƙungiyoyin 'yan daba na birni. 

A shekarar 1975, Allen ta yanke shawarar sake tsayawa takarar Majalisar, amma a wannan karon ta tsaya takarar ɗaya daga cikin kujerun Majalisar. Ta lashe ɗaya daga cikin kujeru biyu da aka tanada wa waɗanda ba 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat masu rinjaye ba, inda ta karɓi kujerar da Tom Foglietta ya bari, wanda shi ne ɗan takarar jam'iyyar na Magajin Gari a zaɓen shekarar. A lokacin da take Majalisar, an san Allen a matsayin ɗan siyasa mai tsauri, mai magana da yawun jama'a, wanda sau da yawa yake fafatawa da Magajin Gari Frank Rizzo da Shugaban Majalisar George Schwartz .  Yayin da martabarta ta ƙaru, haka nan ma kasancewarta a ƙasa ta ƙaru. A Babban Taron Jam'iyyar Republican na 1976, Allen ta yi jawabi na biyu don nuna goyon bayanta ga naɗin Shugaba Gerald Ford . 

### Sakataren Jiha
A watan Janairun 1979, Gwamna Dick Thornburgh mai jiran gado ya naɗa Allen a matsayin Sakataren Commonwealth .  An ruwaito cewa Allen ta shaida wa shugabannin jam'iyyar Republican na birnin cewa za ta ƙi tayin Thornburgh idan suka tabbatar mata cewa za ta sami wata hanya mara cikawa zuwa ga takarar jam'iyyar a zaɓen Magajin Gari na wannan shekarar; lokacin da ba ta sami irin waɗannan tabbacin ba, ta amince da tayin Thornburgh. 

A watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar, majalisar ministocin Thornburgh ta fuskanci rudani sakamakon murabus da dama. Jami'ai biyu &#x2013; Sakataren Lafiya da Sakataren Kwadago &#x2013; sun yi murabus saboda rashin jin daɗi a gwamnati da kuma rashin iya aiki yadda ya kamata da abokan aikinsu. Sakamakon ƙarin bincike da aka yi wa majalisar ministocinsa, Thornburgh ta gana da Allen don tattauna zarge-zargen rashin zuwa aiki da rashin da'a da aka yi mata. An ruwaito cewa Allen ba ta halarci ofishinta na Harrisburg fiye da rabin kwanaki 40 a farkon wannan shekarar ba, kuma an yi zargin ta sami kyaututtukan girmamawa don jawabai da ma'aikatan jihar suka shirya. A nata ɓangaren, Allen ta yi ikirarin cewa rashin zuwanta ya zama dole don gudanar da ayyukanta yadda ya kamata, kuma ta yi amfani da ma'aikacin gwamnati ne kawai don taimakawa wajen rubuta jawabai biyu waɗanda ta sami jimillar dala $1,000. Ta yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan jawabai, sun nuna ƙaramin kashi ne kawai na adadin jawabai da ta yi tun lokacin da ta hau mulki.  Duk da haka, Thornburgh ta nemi Allen ta yi murabus, kuma lokacin da ta ƙi yin hakan, ya kore ta.  Shekaru biyu da suka gabata, Gwamna Milton Shapp ya kori C. Delores Tucker, wanda shi ma yake aiki a matsayin Sakataren Commonwealth, saboda amfani da ma'aikatan gwamnati don taimakawa wajen shirya jawabai waɗanda aka karɓi kuɗi. 

## Rayuwa daga baya da gado
Korar Allen ta kawo babban martani ga Thornburgh daga al'ummar Baƙar fata da ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin jama'a daban-daban. Wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa an riƙe Allen a wani matsayi daban saboda launin fatarta, jinsi, ko duka biyun; wasu kuma sun yi zargin cewa ayyukan Gwamnan sun kasance na siyasa.

Korarta daga majalisar ministocin Thornburgh ya kawo ƙarshen aikinta na siyasa. Za ta yi aiki na tsawon fiye da shekara ɗaya a matsayin likitan gundumar makarantar Philadelphia tare da alhakin gudanarwa. 

A watan Disamba na shekarar 1981, ta mutu sakamakon matsalolin da suka taso sakamakon tiyatar zuciya ta double-bypass.   Duk da cewa Allen bai taɓa yin aure ba kuma bai haifi 'ya'ya ba,  gadonta a matsayin shugabar da ta fi shahara ya tsira daga gare ta. Sau da yawa tana ƙarfafa 'yan Afirka da mata su nemi mukaman siyasa; hakika, ƙawarta Augusta Clark daga baya za ta zama mace 'yar Afirka ta biyu da ta yi aiki a Majalisar Birnin Philadelphia, daga ƙarshe ta zama Mai tsawatarwa ga 'yan Democrat.    A shekarar 1982, Gundumar Makaranta ta Philadelphia ta canza sunan Makarantar Firamare ta Lehigh zuwa Makarantar Dr. Ethel D. Allen, don girmama Dr. Allen. 

## Manazarta