Canjin yanayi a Singapore

Singapore ta dauki nauyin aiki na dogon lokaci wajen magance hauhawar matakin teku, karuwar zafin jiki saboda dumamar yanayi, da rage fitar da iskar gas. 

Ya zuwa 2, idan aka kwatanta da sauran Kasashen ASEAN, Singapore tana da na biyu mafi girma ga kowane mutum CO2 fitarwa a tan 8.9, kuma tana cikin matsayi na shida a cikin jimlar CO2 fitar da shekara-shekara a tan miliyan 53.25.

## Tsinkaya na yanayi zuwa 2100
A ranar 5 ga watan Janairun 2024, Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi ta Singapore ta fitar da tsinkaye cewa matsakaicin yanayin zafi na shekara-shekara na Singapore zai tashi da tsakanin 0.6 ° C da 5 ° C a ƙarshen karni na 21. 

### Yanayi mai zafi da bushewa kamar yadda yake
Kwanaki tare da matsanancin yanayi ana sa ran su kasance mafi yawa. A cikin rahoton 2024, kwanakin zafi sosai tare da matsakaicin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun wanda ya wuce 35 ° C ana sa ran zai karu daga kwanaki 4 a kowace shekara a matsakaita a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata zuwa tsakanin kwanaki 41 da 351 a kowace shekara.  Dare mai zafi inda yanayin zafi ya wuce 26.3 °C ana hasashen zai karu daga matsakaicin dare 76 a kowace shekara a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata zuwa mafi yawan dare a cikin shekara ta ƙarshen ƙarni.

Ana sa ran ruwan sama mai yawa na yau da kullun (kamar yadda aka bayyana ta kashi 99 na ruwan sama na yau da kullum a cikin 1995-2014) zai karu a duk lokutan, tare da karuwa daga 6% zuwa 92% a cikin watanni na Afrilu da Mayu.

Ana sa ran yin amfani da sihiri mai bushewa akai-akai. tare da Singapore da ke fuskantar matsakaicin bushewa guda ɗaya a kowane watanni 10 zuwa 60 ta 2100.

### Matsakaicin hauhawar matakin teku
Ana sa ran matsakaicin hauhawar matakin teku zai tashi da 0.23m zuwa 1.15m ta 2100, kuma har zuwa 2m ta 2150 a ƙarƙashin babban yanayin fitar da hayaki na duniya. Babban raƙuman ruwa da guguwa na iya haifar da matakin da ya karu da ƙarin 4m zuwa 5m.

## Ragewa

## Rage hayaki

A matsayin wani ɓangare na alkawarin yanayi na Singapore don yarjejeniyar Paris a cikin 2, Singapore ta ba da sanarwar shirin matakin yanayi don haɓaka hayaki a tan miliyan 65 na iskar CO2 daidai a kusa da 2030.

A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan shirin, Singapore ta aiwatar da harajin carbon na farko na kudu maso gabashin Asiya a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2, ta sa harajin carbon a S $ 5 / TCO2 na shekaru biyar na farko daga 2 zuwa 2. Tare da tasiri daga 2, an ɗaga harajin carbon zuwa S $ 25 / tCO2e tare da ƙaddamar da aka yi niyya zuwa S $ 45 / tCO 2e a cikin 2026 da 2027 da S $ 50-80 / tCO1e ta hanyar 2030. Ana karbar harajin carbon a kan wuraren da ke fitar da fitarwa kai tsaye na Scope 1 na akalla 25,000 tCO2e a kowace shekara.

Singapore tana aiwatar da shirin hasken rana don cimma burin ƙarfin gigawatt-ƙarshe 2 a shekara ta 2, ko 3% na yawan wutar lantarki da Singapore ke buƙata. Tare da iyakantaccen ikon ƙasa don yin amfani da madadin hanyoyin samar da makamashi, Singapore tana da aikin da ke gudana don shigo da ƙarfin 4GW na wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin carbon ta hanyar 2035. Tun daga watan Yunin 2022, Singapore ta riga ta fara shigo da wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa daga Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Lao.  Singapore kuma yanzu tana amfani da iskar gas sama da 95% a cikin samar da wutar lantarki a kasar idan aka kwatanta da 19% a cikin 2000. Gabaɗaya, Singapore's Grid Emission Factor ya faɗi daga 0.4237 kgCO2/kWh a cikin 2016 zuwa 0.4057 kgCO2/ kWh a cikin 2021.

A fannin sufuri, duk sabbin sayen bas na jama'a bas ne masu tsabta, gami da makamashi ko bas din matasan tare da manufa don maye gurbin duk bas din diesel da ke akwai da bas din makamashi mai tsabta a shekara ta 2040.  Za a fadada hanyar tseren keke ta tsibirin zuwa kilomita 1,300 a duk tsibirin nan da shekara ta 2030 daga kilomita 525 na yanzu a shekara ta 2024. The Land Transport Master Plan 2040 kuma ya tsara shirin sufuri don fadada cibiyar sadarwa ta Mass Rapid Transit zuwa 360km a cikin 2030s  kuma yana da niyyar samun kashi 75% na ƙasar suna amfani da sufuri na jama'a a lokacin sa'o'i masu yawa. Don karfafa motocin makamashi mai tsabta, kasar ta kuma gabatar da harajin motoci da karfafawa, ka'idoji da ka'idojin, da kuma tura cajin EV na kasa da kasa na wuraren cajin EV 60,000 a shekara ta 2030.

### Haɗin kai na kasa da kasa
Kodayake Singapore tana ba da gudummawa kawai 0.1% na hayaki na duniya,  Singapore ta shiga cikin kokarin sauyin yanayi na duniya, ta yi imanin cewa "canjin yanayi ƙalubale ne na duniya wanda ke buƙatar mafita ta duniya". 

Singapore ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan canjin yanayi a cikin 1997 wanda ya kafa tsarin ga gwamnatoci su hada kai don magance canjin yanayi, bisa ga ka'idar "hakkin da aka saba da shi amma ya bambanta da kuma iyawa daban-daban, dangane da yanayin ƙasa daban-daban". Singapore ta shiga Yarjejeniyar Kyoto a shekara ta 2006 kuma ta tabbatar da Kwaskwarimar Doha ga Yarjejeniyar京都 a shekara ta 2014. 

A ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2016, Singapore ta amince da Yarjejeniyar Paris, ta sake tabbatar da sadaukarwar kiyaye dumamar duniya a ƙasa da 2 ° C sama da matakan masana'antu, wanda tun daga lokacin aka tabbatar da shi a ranar 21 ga Satumba 2016.  Singapore kuma ta karɓi Yarjejeniyar Yanayi ta Glasgow a COP-26 a cikin 2021.

## Daidaitawa

### Magana da hauhawar matakin teku
Singapore ta kashe dala miliyan 226 don gina da kammala Marina Barrage a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 2008 don cimma wadataccen kai ga bukatun ruwa na kasar da kuma kula da ambaliyar ruwa a yankunan da ke da haɗari a cikin gundumomi masu tasowa.

A ranar 7 ga Satumba 2023, Singapore ta sadaukar da dala miliyan 125 don ƙaddamar da Shirin Binciken Karewa da Gudanar da Ambaliyar Ruwa don bincike da haɓaka ikon ƙasar a cikin kariya ta bakin teku da kula da ambaliyar ruwa.  Aiwatar da aiki na matakan kariya na bakin teku a cikin shekaru 100 masu zuwa ana tsara su ta hanyar kasar don kashe S $ 100 biliyan.

A ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 2023, kasar ta kuma ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen gina 'Long Island' girman filayen kwallon kafa 1,000 a bakin tekun kudu maso gabashin kasar don kare bakin tekun kasar har ma a cikin mafi munin yanayin matakin teku na 5m ya tashi da 2100.  Wannan tsibirin na wucin gadi zai haifar da sabon bakin teku wanda ke zaune tare da kadarorin masu zaman kansu da na jama'a 60,000 da aka gina a tsibirin wucin rai.

### Yin magana da ƙasa mai zafi

A matsayin ƙasa mai yawan jama'a na uku, Singapore tana ƙarƙashin Tasirin tsibirin zafi na birane tare da bambancin zafin jiki har zuwa 7 ° C tsakanin birane da wuraren da ba a gina su ba na Singapore. Kasar tana kallon bishiyoyi a matsayin babban bangare na ababen more rayuwa, tare da manufar ninka yawan shuka bishiyoyi na shekara-shekara tsakanin 2020 da 2030, shuka karin bishiyoyi miliyan 1 a kasar. Shirin Green na Singapore na 2030 ya kara da niyyar kara girman yankin wuraren shakatawa na yanayi da sama da kashi 50% daga asalin 2020 tare da dukkan gidaje a cikin minti 10 daga wurin shakatawa. A cikin 2021 Singapore ta ba da hatimi shida na gidan waya don murna da Green Buildings shida. Manufar gine-gine don gine-gine shida sun haɗa da kayan lambu. Su ne Asibitin Khoo Teck Puat, Oasia Hotel Downtown, Kampung Admiralty, Filin jirgin saman Jewel Changi, SkyTerrace@Dawson, da Gidan Tarihin Halitta na Lee Kong Chian . 

Don daidaita tsakanin buƙatar sanyaya cibiyoyin birane da farashin makamashi, Singapore ta kammala cibiyar sanyaya ta gundumar karkashin kasa a cikin 2016 don sanyaya gine-gine a Marina Bay a ajiyar makamashi sama da 40%. Tsakanin 2018 da 2019, an kuma gudanar da gwaje-gwaje ta amfani da fenti mai nunawa don rage tasirin tsibirin zafi na birane da hana shawo kan zafi ta gine-gine, nuna sanyaya har zuwa 2 ° C mai sanyi a lokacin zafi na rana. Wannan binciken fenti mai sanyi a halin yanzu yana ci gaba da gwaji a sabbin birane.

## Manazarta