Hukumar Binciken Take Haƙƙin Bil'adama ta Najeriya

**Hukumar binciken take hakkin bil'adama ta Najeriya** da aka fi sani da suna **Oputa Panel**, kwamitin ne da aka kafa shi biyo bayan rugujewar mulkin kama-karya na soja da ya mamaye Najeriya har zuwa shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in da takwas 1998 .  Tsohon zababben shugaban Najeriya Olusegun Obasanjo ne ya kirkiro ta a shekarar alif 1999.  Wa'adinsa shi ne binciken 'yancin ɗan adam a lokacin mulkin soja daga 1984 zuwa 1999.  Dangane da batun sulhu, hukumar ta kuma yi kokarin hada kan al'ummomin da ke fama da rikici a baya.  Hukumar ta mika rahotonta na karshe ga Shugaba Obasanjo a shekarar dubu biyu da biyu 2002, amma gwamnati ba ta dauki wani mataki ba har yau. Ba a fitar da rahoton ga jama’a ba sai a shekara ta dubu biyu da biyar 2005, lokacin da kungiyoyin fafutuka biyu, wato Nigerian Democratic Movement da Civil Society Forum suka buga shi.  

## Fage
Najeriya na karkashin mulkin Birtaniya har zuwa 1960.  Bayan samun ‘yancin kai, an samu rikice-rikice na cikin gida da dama a cikin kasar wadanda suka takaita karfin Najeriya wajen dunkulewa.  An raba kasar ta hanyar addini da kabilanci wanda ya haifar da kashe-kashen jama'a kuma daga karshe aka yi yakin basasa wanda zai ci gaba har zuwa shekara ta 1970.  Yayin da Najeriya ke karkashin mulkin kama-karya na soji bayan juyin mulkin da Najeriya ta yi a shekarar 1966, an ci gaba da samun wasu juyin mulki.  Janar Ibrahim Babangida shugaban mulkin soja tun daga shekarar 1985, an tilasta masa sauka daga mulki a shekarar 1993, sakamakon tarzoma da ta barke a fadin kasar, biyo bayan matakin da ya dauka na soke zaben .  A karkashin Ministan Tsaro Sani Abacha, wanda ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin shugaban kasa, an ci gaba da tashin hankali. Ana zargin Abacha da take hakkin dan Adam da dama.  Bayan rasuwarsa a shekarar 1998, an gudanar da zabe inda Olusegun Obasanjo ya karɓi mulki.  Obasanjo ya fara gyare-gyare da suka hada da kafa hukumar binciken take hakkin dan Adam. 

## Umarni
A lokacin da aka fara aiwatar da aikin, hukumar binciken take hakkin bil’adama ta mayar da hankali wajen tauye hakkin bil’adama da kuma laifukan cin zarafi a zamanin mulkin sojan Najeriya tsakanin shekara ta 1984 zuwa shekara ta 1999.  An kuma ba wa hukumar damar yin aiki don sasanta al’ummomi da kungiyoyin jama’a da ke zaune a Najeriya da ke rikici da juna a lokacin mulkin soja.  Za a gudanar da bincikensa kuma a kammala shi tsawon watanni uku.  Sai dai cikin wani lokaci da hukumar ta karkata akalarta ta mayar da hankali ga "gaggarumin take hakkin bil'adama" ta kuma bukaci karin lokaci don gudanar da bincikenta tare da tsawaita wa'adin binciken da ya hada da abubuwan da suka faru daga 1966 zuwa 1990. 

## Tsari
Bayan kafa wannan hukumar, an fara ne da tsarin yin la’akari da abubuwan da suka faru a zamanin mulkin soja.  An yi ta baje kolin labarai daga ‘yan Najeriya wadanda suka bayyana iri ko cin zarafi da cin zarafi da suka fuskanta.  Hukumar ta sami tunowa har 10,000 wadanda aka kashe tare da bayar da rahoton rashin adalci a fannin tattalin arziki - musamman, rashin adalci a wurin aiki.  An shafe fiye da shekara guda ana gudanar da taron jin ra'ayoyin jama'a, inda ake gabatar da labaran wadanda aka kashe da kuma wadanda suka aikata wannan aika-aika ga jama'a yayin da ake ta yada wadannan kararraki a gidajen talabijin a kowane lokaci.  Kashi 150 ne kawai cikin 10,000 na tunawa da cin zarafi da aka samu daga waɗanda abin ya shafa.  Takaitattun kudade na nufin binciken take hakin dan adam ya takaita ne kawai ga taron jama'a.  Binciken hukumar ya kunshi

* samun bayanai game da take haƙƙin ɗan adam ta hanyar tunawa da waɗanda abin ya shafa suka bayar
* fito da bayanan wadanda suke da hannu wajen aikata wadannan laifuka, da kuma
* samun kyakkyawar fahimtar dalilin da yasa aka aikata wadannan laifuka tun da farko. 

Haka kuma hukumar ta taka rawa wajen kulla yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tsakanin al'ummomin Najeriya daban-daban.

## Bincike da shawarwari
Hukumar ta fitar da wani rahoto da ta kammala da cewa yadda sojoji ke riƙe da siyasar Najeriya na ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da suka sa ake take Haƙƙin ɗan Adam da kuma ci gaba da tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a Najeriya.  Hukumar ta kuma kammala da cewa waɗanda ke riƙe da madafun iko, da waɗanda ke cikin sojoji, da kuma manyan ‘yan Najeriya sun yi aiki tare domin aiwatar da juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi.  Bugu da ƙari, hukumar ta kammala da cewa ma'aikatar shari'a ta taka rawa wajen kare wadanda ke da hannu wajen take hakkin bil'adama.  Hukumar ta ba da shawarar a ba wa waɗanda abin ya shafa diyya.  A ƙarshe ta ba da shawarar cewa Najeriya ta mayar da hankali wajen kawar da cin hanci da rashawa, musamman cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnati. 

## Bibiya
Hukumar binciken take Haƙƙin bil’adama ta Najeriya ta mika rahotonta na karshe ga shugaban kasar a shekara ta 2002, amma bai kawo rahoton ga jama’a ba.  An bayyana cewa an yanke hukuncin ne saboda karar da wasu tsaffin shugabannin sojoji biyu suka shigar gaban kotun koli a shekara ta 2003 kan hukumar da ke da ikon ba da shaida.  Kotun kolin Najeriya ta yanke hukuncin cewa ikon gudanar da taron jama'a yana hannun gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya ne ba gwamnatin tarayya ba, kamar yadda kundin tsarin mulkin kasar na 1999 ya tanada.  Bayan wannan shari’ar, sai a shekara ta 2005 ne wasu ƙungiyoyin fafutuka guda biyu wato Nigerian Democratic Movement da Civil Society Forum da ke Najeriya suka fitar da rahoton hukumar ta yanar gizo.  Rahoton ya riga ya kasance a cikin jama'a, amma gwamnati ta iyakance samuwa da kuma damar yin amfani da shi.  Daga nan sai gwamnatocin jihohi a Najeriya suka fara kafa nasu kwamitocin gaskiya da sulhu.  Gwamnatin tarayya ba ta aiwatar da shawarwarin hukumar ba.  Bayan gudanar da sulhu, hukumar ta samu nasarar sasanta al’ummun kauyen Maroko da ke jihar Ogun da kuma kungiyoyi daban-daban a tsibirin Ogoni..

## Manazarta