Kisan Harriet Staunton

**kisan Harriet Staunton** ya faru ne a unguwar London ta Penge a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1877. Harriet Staunton (née Richardson) ta mutu a gidan zama na Penge a ranar 13 ga Afrilu, kwana biyar bayan ɗanta mai shekara guda, Thomas Staunton, ya mutu daga rashin abinci mai gina jiki a Asibitin Guy. A watan Satumba na wannan shekarar, an yanke wa mijin Harriet Louis Staunton hukuncin kisa da gangan a Old Bailey tare da abokin aikinsa Alice Rhodes, ɗan'uwansa Patrick Staunton da matar Patrick Elizabeth. Dukkanin hudu an yanke musu hukuncin kisa ta hanyar ratayewa amma daga baya aka sauya hukuncin zuwa yanayin ɗaurin kurkuku bayan an gabatar da shakku game da shaidar likita da rashin son kai na alƙalin da ke jagorantar.

## Tarihi
Mahaifin Harriet Richardson wani limami ne daga Essex wanda ya mutu lokacin da 'yarsa ke da shekaru goma sha biyu. Daga baya ta sami £ 5,000 daga nufin babban mahaifiyarta. An ruwaito cewa tana da iyakantaccen ikon tunani kuma tana da nakasa na ilmantarwa.

Louis (ko Lewis) Staunton (an haife shi a shekara ta 1851) ya kasance magatakarda daga Streatham . A lokacin da ya fara saduwa da Harriet yana da shekaru ashirin da uku Ruwa yana da alaƙa da wata yarinya mai shekaru goma sha biyar mai suna Alice Rhodes . Yaron Staunton, Patrick, ya auri 'yar'uwar Alice Rhodes Elizabeth.

Louis Staunton ya sadu da Harriet ta hanyar mahaifin Alice Rhodes Thomas Hinksman, dangi na iyalin Richardson. Bayan ɗan gajeren soyayya, ma'auratan sun yi alkawarin yin aure. Mahaifiyar Harriet Mrs Butterfield (ta sake yin aure) ta yi tsayayya da auren kuma ta yi ƙoƙari mara nasara don a ayyana 'yarta a matsayin mahaukaci  kuma an sanya ta ƙarƙashin kariya ta Kotun Shari'a. Ma'auratan sun yi aure a Clapham a watan Yunin 1875. Misis Butterfield ta ziyarci 'yarta da ta yi aure a gidanta a Brixton, amma sai ta karɓi wasika da 'yarta ta rubuta tana cewa ba za ta ziyarci ma'auratan a nan gaba ba.

## Laifi
A watan Maris na shekara ta 1876 Harriet ta haifi ɗa mai suna Thomas Henry . Kimanin lokaci guda Louis ya sayi gidan da ake kira Little Grays kusa da Cudham a Kent. A watan Agusta, Louis ya koma Little Grays inda ya zauna tare da Alice Rhodes yayin da aka tura Harriet da Thomas su zauna a Frith Cottage,  mil daya, tare da Patrick da Elizabeth. Mahaifiyar da yaro an tsare su a cikin ƙaramin ɗaki na sama ba tare da labule ba, wuraren wanki ko kayan ado masu kyau. An hana ta barin dakin ta hanyar barazanar tashin hankali daga Patrick Staunton. Misis Butterfield ta yi ƙoƙari ta tuntubi 'yarta, amma lokacin da ta yi tafiya zuwa Little Grays Louis ya juya mata baya. A watan Oktoba, Harriet ta yi ƙoƙari ta tsere daga gidan amma Patrick ya tilasta mata kuma ya kai mata hari.

Jariri Thomas Staunton ya yi rashin lafiya sosai a farkon 1877 kuma Patrick da Elizabeth Staunton sun kai shi asibitin Guy a London a ranar 8 ga Afrilu. Yaron ya mutu daga baya a wannan rana: ya kasance mai matukar rashin abinci mai gina jiki, kuma yana da rauni a kuncinsa wanda ke nuna cin zarafin jiki. A ranar 12 ga Afrilu, an cire Harriet daga gidan kuma an tura shi gidan zama a 34 Forbes Road (yanzu Mosslea Road), Penge . A lokacin da ta iso, an bayyana ta da kama da "gawar fiye da mace mai rai" kuma ta mutu washegari. Takardar shaidar mutuwar ta ba da dalilin mutuwarta a matsayin "cutar kwakwalwa" ko "apoplexy". An binne Harriet a Cocin St. George, a kusa da Beckenham, Kent .

## Bincike

Suspicions about Harriet's death were originally raised by her brother-in-law Louis Casabianca, who encountered Louis Staunton in a post office where the latter was attempting to get information about recording his wife's death. Casabianca went to the police and an inquest was held. Harriet's body was found to be filthy and severely malnourished: her hair was matted and infested with lice. The cause of death was now recorded as "starvation and neglect". At the time of her death she weighed .

An kama Louis Staunton, Patrick Staunton da Elizabeth Staunton kuma an tuhume su da kisan kai. Shari'ar ta ja hankalin jama'a sosai: ba da daɗewa ba aka nuna samfuran wadanda ake tuhuma guda huɗu a Madam Tussauds.

## Shari'a da sake dubawa
A watan Satumba, an yi wa Stauntons da Alice Rhodes shari'a saboda kisan Harriet Staunton a Old Bailey tare da alƙali Henry Hawkins wanda ke jagorantar. Shari'ar ta jawo hankalin mutane sosai, tare da mata masu salo da ke bincika wadanda ake tuhuma ta hanyar tabarau na opera kuma suna wartsake kansu da champagne. Masu karewa, karkashin jagorancin Edward Clarke, sun yi iƙirarin cewa rashin abinci mai gina jiki na Harriet ya faru ne saboda maye wanda ya sa ta ƙi cin abinci. An kuma gabatar da shaidar likita wanda ya bayyana cewa wanda aka azabtar ya mutu daga meningitis da tarin fuka. Kotun ta mayar da hukuncin da aka yanke wa dukkan wadanda ake tuhuma hudu, wadanda aka yanke musu hukuncin kisa ta hanyar ratayewa. Yayin da aka karanta hukuncin, Patrick Staunton "ya yi tuntuɓe" yayin da Louis Staunton ya "yi tauraruwa" kuma ya bayyana "cikakke da mamaki". Duk da yanayin sanyi da hazo, babban taron jama'a sun taru a kusa da ginin kotun kuma sun yi murna da hukuncin. A cikin yanke hukunci, Hawkins ya ce laifin yana daya daga cikin mafi "baƙar fata da mummunar" a cikin rikodin kuma ya yi sharhi game da "barbari" mai ban mamaki da zalunci da ya shafi.

Bayan hukuncin an buga wasika a cikin The Lancet, wanda likitoci ɗari bakwai suka sanya hannu suna nuna rashin amincewa game da yadda aka yi watsi da shaidar likitanci. An kuma yi tunanin cewa Hawkins ya nuna son kai ga wanda ake tuhuma.[1] Wani marubuci Charles Reade ne ya jagoranci yakin neman zabe game da hukuncin kuma Sakataren Cikin Gida R. A. Cross ne ya sake duba lamarin. An gafarta wa Alice Rhodes kuma an yafe shi nan da nan, yayin da aka sauya hukuncin sauran uku zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai. Patrick Staunton ya mutu a kurkuku, amma an saki Elizabeth a 1883. An saki Louis Staunton a shekara ta 1897, har yanzu yana nuna rashin laifi, kuma ya yi hijira zuwa Ostiraliya.[2][1]￼

## Al'adun gargajiya
A cikin 1934 Elizabeth Jenkins ta buga littafin *Harriet* bisa ga shari'ar, tana tallafawa ra'ayin alƙalin shugaban, Hawkins . Littafin ya lashe kyautar Femina - Vie Heureuse a shekarar 1935, inda ya doke Evelyn Waugh's A Handful of Dust,  kuma Persephone Books ta sake buga shi a shekarar 2012. 

An gabatar da shari'ar a matsayin wani labari na jerin shirye-shiryen ITV na 1970 na Wicked Women tare da Alice Rhodes wanda Joanna Dunham ta buga.

An sake bincika shari'ar a cikin shirin BBC One Murder, Mystery and My Family (series 4, episode 6).  kuma an sake duba shi a cikin Murder, Mystery and My Family: Case Closed?  (Series 4, episode 4).

## Manazarta