Majalisar Muhalli ta Ƙungiya

An kafa **Majalisar [[Yanayi na halitta|muhalli]] ta Ƙungiya** (**ITEC**) a cikin 1992  don kare lafiyar 'Yan asalin ƙasar Amirka, albarkatun kasa, da muhalli. Don cimma wannan ITEC tana ba da tallafin fasaha, horo da sabis na muhalli a fannoni daban-daban. A halin yanzu, akwai kabilun membobin ITEC sama da arba'in a Oklahoma, New Mexico, da Texas. ITEC misali ne na Ƙungiyoyin Pan-Indian na Indiyawan Amirka da Ƙoƙari.

Ofishin ITEC yana da ma'aikatan cikakken lokaci na ashirin da biyu waɗanda ke tsarawa da samar da ayyuka ga kowane kabilun membobin ITEC. Bugu da kari, suna taimaka wa kabilun da ke da alaƙa da muhalli da damuwa yayin da suke tasowa.

Al'ummar Cherokee, a matsayin babbar hukumar a cikin ITEC, ta kasance a kan gaba wajen kare albarkatun kasa, kiwon lafiya, da muhalli ga al'ummar kabilanci. Ta hanyar tashoshin sa ido na iska guda biyar da kuma tashar sa ido na sararin samaniya guda ɗaya, mafi girman tsarin mallakar kabilanci da sarrafawa na irin sa a Amurka, suna ba da ingancin bayanan muhalli ga yankunan karkara da kabilanci.

ITEC ta sami tallafi daga Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka. 

## Misali na damuwar 'yan asalin Amurka game da Muhalli
**Dokar Kare Mammal Marine: Matsalar sake ba da izini ga Majalisa ta 107**

Al'adun 'yan asalin Amurka da al'ada koyaushe suna girmama dabbobi a matsayin wani ɓangare na yanayi wanda dole ne a kiyaye shi. A tarihi, 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka sun dogara da dabbobi don bukatun rayuwa; don haka a dabi'a kabilun da kungiyoyin' yan asalin suna damuwa game da kula da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Manufofin dogon lokaci na kabilun da kungiyoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kare Mammal Marine sune kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki, dorewar albarkatu, da tabbacin tsari. Har ila yau, 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka sun yi imanin cewa sarrafa muhalli da hulɗarmu da dabbobi "yana inganta ƙarfin tattalin arziki, lafiyar muhalli, da kuma kula da albarkatun ƙasa".

## Shirye-shiryen ITEC

### Shirin Tsabtace Iska
Shirin Tsabtace Jirgin Sama na CNEP yana aiki daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin sa ido na iska a kasar. Yana aiki da wuraren sa ido na iska guda biyar a cikin iyakokin ikon kabilanci a Oklahoma. Ka'idodin gurɓataccen da ake saka idanu sun haɗa da carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dioxides, nitrogen oxides da kwayoyin halitta.

* Dokar Tsabtace iska ta 1990 Kwaskwarimar I Samun da Kula da Ka'idojin Ingancin iska Title II Tushen Wayar hannu Title III Masu gurɓata iska masu haɗari Title IV Gudanar da Gudanar da Acid Title V Lasisin aiki Title VI Stratospheric Ozone Protection Title VII Tilasta
** Taken I Samun da Kula da Ka'idodin Ingancin Air
** Taken II Tushen Wayar hannu
** Taken III Masu Rashin Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa
** Taken na IV Gudanar da Gudanar da Acid
** Takardar izinin aiki ta V
** Taken VI Tsaro na Ozone na Stratospheric
** Taken na VII Aikin

### Shirin Taimako na Gaba ɗaya (GAP)
Majalisa ta Amurka ta ba da izini ga Hukumar Kare Muhalli don haɓaka shirin taimakon fasaha ga 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka ta hanyar Dokar Taimako ta Muhalli ta Indiya ta 1992.

Abubuwa huɗu masu mahimmanci:

* Ci gaban ababen more rayuwa
* Kwarewa da Ci gaban Horarwa
* Binciken Bukatu
* Ci gaban Shirin Muhalli

Babban manufar shirin GAP shine samar da dama ga kabilun membobinta don tantancewa, kimantawa da haɓaka tsare-tsare don magance matsalolin muhalli da lafiyar jama'a. Ƙabilun da ke son shirye-shiryen kafofin watsa labarai da yawa waɗanda ke magance matsalolin muhalli na iya samun taimako na fasaha ta hanyar shirin GAP.

Hukumar Kare Muhalli tana ba da dala miliyan 1 a kowace shekara ga kabilun ta hanyar Shirin Taimako na Gaba ɗaya (GAP). Wannan kuɗin yana taimaka wa kabilun gina ikon kare muhalli da tsaftace wuraren zubar da shara. Ƙabilun membobin suna rufe tsakanin 50 zuwa 100 dumps a kowace shekara, suna sanya ababen more rayuwa don hana zubar, haɓaka tsare-tsare, da wuce lambobin da dokoki.

### Shirin Amsa na ITEC Brownfields (IBRP)
An tsara IBRP don taimakawa kabilun 'yan asalin Amurka tare da gano dukiyar kabilanci wanda zai iya ko bazai da gurɓata ba, sannan kuma taimakawa tare da tsarin tsaftacewa.

"[A] brownfields site ne da aka watsar, wanda ba shi da amfani, ko kuma ba a yi amfani da shi ba na masana'antu / kasuwanci inda fadadawa ko sake ginawa ya zama mai rikitarwa ta hanyar gurɓataccen muhalli na ainihi ko fahimta. "  Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan misali shine Markoma Bible Academy of Tahlequah, Oklahoma, wanda aka gurɓata shi da asbestos da fenti na gubar. Al'ummar Cherokee ta tsabtace, gyara, kuma ta sake gyara shafin don ƙirƙirar Shirin Kulawa na Dukkanin Kulawa ga Cibiyar Kulawa (PACE). 

Ma'aikatan IBRP za su kasance don yin Mataki na 1 na Yanayin Muhalli akan dukiyar da za a iya gurɓata. Idan dukiyar ta gurɓata, ana iya yin Binciken Mataki na II bisa buƙatar ƙabilar. Bayan an kammala matakin kimantawa kuma an gano takamaiman gurbatawa, "ma'aikatan kabilanci na iya yanke shawara game da tsaftace shafin. Ma'aikatan IBRP za su kasance don taimakawa a cikin wannan tsari. "

Bayan tsaftacewa, shafin zai kasance a shirye don sake ginawa. Saboda kowane dukiya na musamman ne, ma'aikatan kabilanci za su san abin da ya kamata a sake amfani da dukiyar. Ma'aikatan IBRP za su kasance don taimakawa a cikin wannan tsari. Ma'aikatan IBRP suna da gogewa wajen yin kimantawa da kuma halayen shafin akan kadarorin da aka gurbata kuma muna sa ran yin aiki tare da kabilun ITEC a cikin wannan shirin mai girma.

### Shirin Kashewa Mai Tsarki

* Ci gaban bayanan zubar da shara ba bisa ka'ida ba na kabilanci da taswirar da suka dace ta amfani da
* Tsarin Matsayi na Duniya da kayan aikin Tsarin Bayanai na Yanayi da software
* Wani bita na ITEC da ke tallafawa wanda ke magance matsalolin tilasta sharar gida na kabilanci binciken yiwuwar hanyoyin zubar da kabilanci
* Taimako na fasaha ciki har da kimantawa ba bisa ka'ida ba don amfani a cikin shawarwarin tallafi (watau Open Dump Cleanup Grant Proposals) 
* Rarraba samfurin Tsarin sarrafa sharar gida mai ƙarfi na kabilanci da tsarin sharar gida da ka'idoji
* Bayani game da shirye-shiryen muhalli kamar Ranar Duniya da Ranar Amurka Recycles ga membobin ITEC Tribes.
* Haɗin kai tare da hukumomin jihohi da na tarayya don inganta ayyukan kula da sharar gida masu kyau

### Shirin Superfund
Dokar Amsa ta Muhalli, Biya, da Dokar Hakki (CERCLA), wanda aka fi sani da Superfund, Majalisa ce ta kafa shi a ranar 11 ga Disamba, 1980. Superfund wani shiri ne na tarayya wanda ke ba da gudummawa don kimantawa da tsaftace wuraren da aka watsar da su. CERCLA kuma ta kafa diyya ga masu ruwa da tsaki, kamar su Indiyawa Tribes, waɗanda ke da ƙasar da ke da wuraren sharar gida masu haɗari, wanda ke shafar tattalin arziki da albarkatun mahimmanci.

Shirin Superfund na iya samar da kimantawa ba na gaggawa ba na shafin a madadin wata kabila memba ta ITEC kawai idan an cika waɗannan ka'idoji uku:

# An san sharar gida mai haɗari (kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin CERCLA) ko kuma ana zargin yana nan a shafin.
# Shafin, kamar masana'antar masana'antu, an watsar da shi ko kuma ba ya aiki.
# Rushewa a shafin yana da tasiri, ko kuma yana da damar tasiri, ƙasashen kabilanci ko yawan kabilanci.

### Shirin Tanki na Tsakiya (UST)

Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ta bayar da ka'idojin muhalli / Gwamnati game da tankunan ajiya na karkashin kasa. "Ka'idojin sun rufe ƙira, gini da shigar da sabbin tsarin UST, kuma suna buƙatar tsarin da ke akwai su cika wasu ka'idojin EPA. Ka'idojin suna buƙatar mai / masu aiki na tsarin UST su nuna alhakin kuɗi don tsaftace zubar ko saki, da / ko kuma su biya wasu ga duk wani lalacewar da aka samu. " A yau akwai gwamnatocin kabilun da aka amince da su a duk faɗin Amurka. Daga cikin wadannan kabilun, kimanin 200 suna da tankuna masu aiki ko rufewa na karkashin kasa (USTs ko tankuna) a ƙasashensu. A halin yanzu akwai kimanin USTs 2,600 masu aiki a kasar Indiya.

Ana ba da horo na UST ga masu sana'a na muhalli, masu mallakar UST da masu aiki ta hanyar ITEC ta hanyar tallafin EPA. ITEC tana da ɗaya daga cikin dangantakar aiki mafi tsawo tare da EPA a kan batutuwan UST kuma ta ba da horo na farko na mai mallakar UST / mai aiki ta hanyar tallafin EPA a cikin 2000. Ya zuwa yau, sama da mutane 260 sun shiga cikin horo kuma ITEC ta ci gaba da samar da kusan horo na Indiya / mai aiki guda shida a shekara. EPA ta ba da shawarar cewa jihohi su bincika tankunan ajiya na karkashin kasa a kowace shekara uku, duk da haka, kabilun ba su ƙarƙashin jagororin iri ɗaya da jihohi ba. Yawancin USTs an inganta su, amma da yawa ba a kiyaye su yadda ya kamata kuma ana sarrafa su.

## Manazarta