Salis Daiches

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Salis Daiches Bezalel Daiches a cikin 1880 kusa da Vilna, Lithuania a cikin Daular Rasha ga Rabbi Isra'ila Hayyim Daiches da Bella Bielitzki a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yara goma. Mahaifinsa ne ya gudanar da karatunsa na farko kuma ya kara da koyarwa a makarantar sakandare ta Jamusanci. Wannan koyarwar hadin gwiwa ta ba shi damar zama mai iya Yiddish, Ibrananci, da Jamusanci.

Daiches ya ci gaba da kammala cancanta na wucin gadi a Kneiphöfisches Gymnasium a Königsberg, Gabashin Prussia kafin ya kwashe semester yana karatun falsafar a Jami'ar Alberts. Daga nan sai ya shiga makarantar Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary ta Berlin inda ya koyi game da Orthodox na zamani da akidar Attaura u'maddah .  A wannan lokacin, ya kuma yi karatu a Königliche Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität a Berlin. Bayan haka, ya sami digirin digirinsa a fannin falsafa daga Leipzig_University" id="mwIw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Leipzig University">Jami'ar Leipzig . A lokacin da yake Leipzig, Daiches ya kuma fara koyon Turanci don kammala karatunsa game da ayyukan David Hume.

## Farkon aiki
A cikin 1903, Daiches ya bi iyayensa zuwa Leeds. Bayan ya koma, ya yi aiki a matsayin minista a Kingston a kan Hull da kuma Ikilisiyar Ibrananci ta Sunderland . Ya kuma tsaya a takaice a madadin wani rabbi na shekara guda a Hammersmith .  A wannan lokacin, ya zama sanannen mutum, yana ba da lacca a duk faɗin ƙasar kuma yana ba da gudummawa a kai a kai ga *Tarihin Yahudawa* . Daiches kuma ya shiga cikin Taron Ministocin Anglo-Yahudawa daga 1909 zuwa 1913 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Kwamitin Dindindin da kuma Kwamitin Ƙungiyar Gundumar Ikklisiyoyin Lardin a cikin 1911.  Wadannan kwamitocin an yi su ne don magance batutuwan da suka haifar da ƙaurawar Yahudawa na Gabashin Turai zuwa Ƙasar Ingila ta hanyar ba da shawarwari game da yadda za a sake tsara al'ummomin Yahudawa na yanki.

A lokacin waɗannan tarurruka, Daiches ya kuma ba da shawara don sake fasalin London Beth Din, wanda ke da ikon halakhic a kan Daular Burtaniya. Ya so a ba da iko don Beth Din na Scotland tare da ikon yanke shawara na halakhic ya kasance. Ba a sake gabatar da batun a cikin taron ba bayan 1914, amma Daiches ya ci gaba da yin kira ga Babban Rabin.

## Ikilisiyar Ibrananci ta Edinburgh

A cikin 1918, wata wakilai Dauda Edinburgh_Synagogue" id="mwWQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Edinburgh Synagogue">Ikilisiyar Ibrananci ta Edinburgh ta ba shi matsayi kuma Babban Rabbi ya ƙarfafa shi ya dauki shi. A shekara ta gaba Salis Daiches ya koma Edinburgh don ya zama malaminsu. Daiches, matarsa, Flora, da 'ya'yansa uku, Lionel, David, da Sylvia sun fara komawa Lonsdale Terrace inda suka zauna a matsayin baƙi na wasu daga cikin masu ikilisiya. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan sun sami damar samun nasu wuri a 6 Millerfield Place.

Daiches sun isa ikilisiya da birni da aka raba tsakanin Yahudawa da baƙi na Gabashin Turai na baya-bayan nan. Da sauri ya fara aiki a kan haɗa ikilisiya, yana daidaitawa tsakanin ƙarfafa daidaitawa da girmama al'adun baƙi. Ikilisiyar ba kawai ta rabu da addini da al'adu ba har ma da jiki. Yankin anglicised na al'umma sun halarci majami'ar Graham Street, yayin da Yahudawa baƙi suka tafi Roxburgh Place. Saboda haka, kowane Shabbat, Daiches sun yi wa'azi a wurare biyu, ta amfani da Turanci ga al'ummar Burtaniya da Yiddish ga Yahudawa na Gabashin Turai.

Haɗin kai ya faru a hankali a cikin shekarun 1920. A shekara ta 1922, Alexander Levinson ya zama shugaban Ikilisiyar Ibrananci ta Edinburgh mai zaman kanta, ƙungiyar da ta rabu. Daiches ya bincika shi kuma ya gano cewa an ƙirƙiri takardun shaidarsa na rabbi. Bayan Levinson ya ki samar da shaidar cancantarsa, Daiches da editan *JC*, Leopold Greenberg, sun buga gargadi game da Levinson. Levinson ya kai su kotu. An yi shari'ar Levinson ta 1924 a madadin Daiches da Ikilisiyar Ibrananci mai zaman kanta da suka haɗa kai da Ikilisiwar Ibrananci ta Edinburgh. A cikin 1927, majami'ar Roxburgh Place ta rufe. A shekara mai zuwa Daiches ya fara kamfen na tara kuɗi don gina majami'ar Salisbury Road wanda aka yi niyyar zama gidan dukan al'umma, Burtaniya da baƙi. An buɗe shi a 1932 kuma a wannan shekarar, shi da iyalinsa suka koma Crawfurd Road.

Daiches ya shiga cikin Yahudawa da al'umma mafi girma. Ya yi wa'azin jituwa tsakanin Rayuwar Yahudawa ta Orthodox da al'umma mai zaman kanta. Yana da babban matsayi na jama'a, yana magana da al'ummomin ilimi, tarurruka na zamantakewa da kungiyoyin masu sha'awa. Jaridu sun ba da rahoto game da jawabinsa kuma ya rubuta labarai ga jaridu. A wasu jawabai da labaransa ya yi jayayya da goyon bayan Zionist kuma ya zama sanannen mai ba da shawara ga Zionism. Wannan kuma ya nuna ta hanyar ziyarar da ya kai 1925 zuwa Falasdinu don buɗe Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima. Ya kuma ci gaba da rokon Cif Rabbi Joseph Hertz don kirkirar Beth Din na Scotland don ya iya aiwatar da halakhic da dokar farar hula. Kodayake an musanta shi akai-akai, an ba shi isashen iko cewa wani lokacin ana kiransa "Babban Rabbi na Scotland. "  Ikklisiyoyi daga wasu birane sukan tuntube shi sau da yawa ko kuma zai shiga tsakani lokacin da akwai batutuwan halakhic.

UDaiches sau da yawa yana da hannu tare da babbar al'ummar Kirista na Presbyterian. Ya yi tir da masu wa'azi na Kirista a fili waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin juyar da matalauta Yahudawa baƙi. Ya kuma kalubalanci birnin kan ilimin addini a makarantun jihar, har sai Edinburgh ta ba da darussan Ibrananci kyauta kwana huɗu a mako a Makarantar Firamare ta Sciennes. Wannan kuma ya haifar da karin cakuda na baƙi da yara masu anglicised. Duk da wasu daga cikin wadannan dangantakar da ke da rikici, Daiches ya kuma yi aiki don jituwa tsakanin Kirista da Yahudawa, musamman yayin da yakin duniya na biyu ya kusanci. A cikin 1938, ya kafa ƙungiyar Yahudawa da Kirista tare da Reverend Magnus Nicholson na Cocin Fountainbridge don inganta tattaunawa tsakanin al'ummomin biyu.

## Littattafai

* *Abubuwan da suka shafi addinin Yahudanci: Zaɓuɓɓukan Rubuce-rubuce.* London: George Routledge & Sons Ltd, 1928
* *Harshen Ibrananci don Masu Farko*. Daga Rev Duncan Cameron da Rev Salis Daiches. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1939
* *Ibrananci - Turanci bugu na Babila Talmud, Tractate Baba Mezi'a* . Daga Salis Daiches & H Freedman. London: Soncino Press, 1962

## Dubi kuma

* Tarihin Yahudawa a Ingila
* Tarihin Yahudawa a Kingston a kan Hull
* Tarihin Yahudawa a Leeds
* Tarihin Yahudawa a Manchester
* Tarihin Yahudawa a Arewa maso Gabashin Ingila
* Tarihin Yahudawa a Scotland

## Manazarta