Hukumar Kwastam ta Najeriya

Hukumar **Kwastan ta Najeriya** (NCS) hukuma ce ta gwamnati dake ƙarƙashin kulawar ma'aikatar tsaro ta Najeriya, wacce ke da alhakin bincike da kula da kayayyakin shiga da fice a Najeriya, da Ɗaukaka harkokin kasuwanci na kasa da na waje da kuma ayyukan, da kawo cigaba a bodocin kasa da kuma hana fasa-kauri watau shigo da kayayyaki ta Hanyar da bai hallataba.

## Tsarin

NCS din yana shugabanta ne ta babban kwanturola janar, wanda ke lura da aikin mataimakan kwanturola janar shida a sassan da ke tafe:

* Sabis na Tallafawa Na Kamfanin;
* Darajar haraji & Kasuwanci;
* Aiwatarwa, Bincike, da Dubawa;
* Zamani, Bincike da Alakar Tattalin Arziƙi;
* Haraji, Industrialwarewar Masana'antu da Yankin Kasuwancin Kyauta;
* Haɓaka Resoan Adam.

Kwamitin na NCS yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin ministan kudi, yayin da mataimakin shugaban kwamitin shi ne Col. Hameed Ali, babban kwanturolan hukumar ne wanda ba ma’aikacin Kwastam ba ne, amma Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ne ya naɗa shi da nufin kawo sauyi da kuma sake fasalin hukumar. 

## Suna
Aikin na baya-bayan nan ya fanshi hotonsa daga cin hanci da rashawa, hukumar gwamnati mai rikitarwa zuwa wata sabuwar kungiya, wacce ta tsabtace kanta daga ayyukan cin hanci da rashawa kuma ta ci gaba da sake fasalin yanayin da take bi na zama karfi a cikin lamuran Najeriya, hukumar kwastan ta Najeriya ita ce yanzu yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bayar da gudummawa ga kuɗaɗen shigar Najeriya, wannan, ya ci gaba da nunawa tun daga shekarar 2017 lokacin da gudummawar kudaden shigar ta ga kasar ke ci gaba da tashi sama da Naira tiriliyan ɗaya duk shekara.  Sunan aikin ya inganta daga hukumar gwamnati mai cin hanci da rashawa zuwa hukumar da ke nuna halin rashin son kai ga ƙasar kan wadatar da jami'anta, kyakkyawan misali na abin da ya faru wanda ya nuna sabon aikin kwastam shi ne kin amincewa da jimlar Cin hancin $ 415,000 daga wani jami'in hukumar Bashir Abubakar, ya kasance kudin da aka ba shi domin a sauƙaƙe sakin kwantena na muggan kwayoyi a tashar Apapa da ke Legas   duk da haka, a da can Hukumar Kwastam ta Najeriya tana da suna hakan ya gamu da tarin rashawa da zamba a cikin shekaru. A cewar kungiyar Transparency International ta 2010 a barometer na cin hanci da rashawa na duniya, sama da rabin magidanta da aka yi binciken a kansu sun bada shaidar biyan cin hanci ga jami'an hukumar ta NCS a shekarar 2009. 

Zuwa yau, hadaddun ka'idojin kwastam da tsarin mulki da ke tattare da shigowa da fitar da kayayyaki sun bunkasa yanayin da ake yawan bayar da cin hanci. Hakanan an yi imanin kamfanoni da yawa ba sa daraja kayansu yayin shigo da kayayyaki don guje wa hukunci. Duk da haka wasu kamfanoni, da ke aiki a cikin tattalin arziƙin doka, suna komawa zuwa fasakwauri a matsayin hanyar guje wa kasuwancin doka.

Hakanan, yawancin kamfanonin ƙasashen waje sun shiga cikin zamba da rashawa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan:

* Rukuni uku na Vetco International - Vetco Gray Controls Inc, Vetco Gray Controls Ltd da Vetco Gray UK Ltd - sun amsa laifin karya dokar hana cin hanci da rashawa na Dokar Cin Hanci da Rasha ta Ƙasashen waje (FCPA) lokacin da suka amince da yin dala miliyan 2.1 na cin hanci da rashawa sama da shekaru biyu ga jami'ai a cikin NCS ta hanyar Panalpina, wani kamfanin Switzerland da ke jigilar dakon kaya a Najeriya.
* A daidai lokacin da aka tuhumi rassa, wani reshen kamfanin Vetco - Aibel International Ltd - ya shiga yarjejeniyar gurfanar da wanda aka jinkirta tare da Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka saboda hannu a cikin wannan badakalar. Wannan yarjejeniyar da aka jinkirta gurfanarwa ta haifar da haɗin gwiwa tare da Ma'aikatar Shari'a, tsaurara matakai da riƙe masu saka idanu na FCPA. Bayan haka, duk da haka, kamfanin ya yarda da rashin bin ƙa'idodinsa kuma ya biya tarar kuɗi.
* Kamfanin samar da mai na Transocean Ltd ya biya cin hanci da rashawa na darajar dalar Amurka 90,000 ga jami'an kwastan na Najeriya tsakanin 2002 da 2007 don fadada matsayin shigo da shi da karbar takardun karya.
* Tidewater Inc., wani kamfanin samar da mai, ya biya dalar Amurka miliyan 1.6 ta hanyar Panalpina ga jami'an kwastan na Najeriya domin su sauke jiragen ruwa zuwa ruwan Najeriya.
* Noble Energy an ba da izinin biyan kuɗi ta hanyar reshenta na gida don samun izini na wucin gadi takwas. A watan Nuwamba na 2011, Noble, Transocean da Tidewater su uku ne daga cikin kamfanonin da suka sasanta zargin da ake yi na hannu a shirin bada cin hancin dalar Amurka miliyan 100 a Najeriya, a matsayin wani bangare na matsugunan Panalpina.
* Kamfanin Royal Dutch Shell ya shiga wata yarjejeniya ta neman izinin Amurka a watan Nuwamba na 2010 saboda yadda dan kwangilarta ya shiga cin hanci da rashawa ga jami’an kwastan na Najeriya. Hukumomin Amurka sun zargi reshen kamfanin na Shell Nigerian Exploration and Production Co Ltd. da laifin bai wa jami'an kwastan na Amurka dala miliyan 3.5 don su yi saurin sarrafa kayan aikin da ake bukata don yankin Bonga. An ci tara mai nauyi kan kamfanin na Shell bayan kamfanin Panalpina, wanda shi ma kamfanin na Shell ke aiki, ya amince ya amsa laifinsa na karbar cin hanci a madadin waɗanda suke hulda da shi.

A wajen ƙarar FCPA, akwai misalai da yawa na 'yan kasuwar Najeriya na yau da kullun da aka bukaci su ba da cin hanci ga jami'an kwastan domin samun saukin shigar da kayansu.

Wannan ya sa wasu masu fafutuka irin su Valentine Achum suka ba da shawarar a kai ga sake fasalin    wanda zai sanya cin hanci da rashawa a kujerar baya da kuma rufe rufin kuɗaɗen shiga.

**Daraktoci da Kwanturola-Janar na da da na yanzu**

* Shehu Ahmadu Musa, a matsayin darakta na NCS 1978-1979
* Jacob Gyang Buba, a matsayin Kwanturola-Janar, 2004- Mayu 2008
* Hamman Bello, a matsayin Kwanturola-Janar, Mayu 2008- Janairu 2009
* Bernard Shaw Nwadialo, a matsayin Kwanturola-Janar Janairu 2009- Agusta 2009
* Abdullahi Dikko, a matsayin Kwanturola-Janar 2009-2015
* Hameed Ali, a matsayin Kwanturola-Janar 2015- yanzu

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

* Official website