Tasirin ɗan adam a kan muhalli

**Tasirin ɗan adam a kan muhalli** (ko tasirin muhalli na ɗan adam) yana nufin canje-canje ga yanayin halittu  da kuma yanayin halittu, bambancin halittu, da albarkatun kasa  wanda mutane suka haifar kai tsaye ko a kaikaice. Gyara muhalli don dacewa da bukatun al'umma (kamar yadda yake a cikin Yanayin da aka gina) yana haifar da mummunar sakamako ciki har da dumama duniya,   [3] lalacewar muhalli  (kamar ƙarancin teku  ), halaka mai yawa da asarar halittu, [3] [4]   Rikicin muhalli, da Rushewar muhalli. Wasu ayyukan ɗan adam waɗanda ke haifar da lalacewa (ko dai kai tsaye ko a kaikaice) ga muhalli a kan sikelin duniya sun haɗa da haɓaka yawan jama'a,    manufofin tattalin arziki na Neoliberal  da haɓaka tattalin arziki mai sauri,  yawan amfani, yawan amfani, gurɓata, da sare daji. Wasu daga cikin matsalolin, gami da dumama duniya da asarar halittu, an gabatar da su a matsayin wakiltar Hadarin bala'i'i ga rayuwar jinsunan mutane.

Kalmar *anthropogenic* tana nuna sakamako ko abu wanda ya haifar da aikin ɗan adam. An fara amfani da kalmar ne a cikin ma'anar fasaha ta masanin ilimin ƙasa na Rasha Alexey Pavlov, kuma masanin ilimin muhalli na Burtaniya Arthur Tansley ne ya fara amfani da ita a Turanci dangane da tasirin ɗan adam a kan Al'ummomin shuke-shuke. Masanin kimiyya na yanayi Paul Crutzen ya gabatar da kalmar "Anthropocene" a tsakiyar shekarun 1970. Ana amfani da kalmar a wasu lokuta a cikin yanayin gurɓataccen da aka samar daga Ayyukan ɗan adam tun farkon juyin juya halin noma amma kuma ya shafi duk manyan tasirin ɗan adam akan muhalli. Yawancin ayyukan da mutane suka dauka waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga yanayin zafi sun samo asali ne daga ƙone man fetur daga tushe daban-daban, kamar: wutar lantarki, motoci, jiragen sama, dumama sararin samaniya, masana'antu, ko lalata gandun daj

## Ficewar ɗan adam

### Yawan amfani

Yawan amfani shine yanayin da amfani da albarkatu ya wuce ƙarfin da ke cikin yanayin halittu. Ana iya auna shi ta hanyar sawun muhalli, hanyar lissafin albarkatu wanda ke kwatanta buƙatun ɗan adam akan tsarin halittu tare da adadin yanayin halittu na duniya wanda zai iya sabuntawa. Kimanin da Cibiyar Nazarin Duniya ta yi ya nuna cewa bukatar bil'adama ta yanzu ta fi 70%  sama da yawan sake farfadowa na dukkan tsarin halittu na duniya. Tsarin da ya fi tsayi na yawan amfani yana haifar da lalacewar muhalli da kuma asarar tushen albarkatu.

Tasirin bil'adama gabaɗaya a duniya yana shafar dalilai da yawa, ba kawai yawan mutane ba. Hanyar rayuwarsu (ciki har da wadata da amfani da albarkatu gaba ɗaya) da gurɓataccen da suke samarwa (ciki ma sawun carbon) suna da mahimmanci. A cikin 2008, The New York Times ya bayyana cewa mazaunan kasashe masu tasowa na duniya suna cinye albarkatu kamar mai da karafa kusan sau 32 fiye da na kasashe masu ci gaba, wadanda suka kasance mafi yawan yawan jama'ar mutane.

Al'adun ɗan adam sun haifar da asarar kashi 83% na dukkan dabbobi masu shayarwa da rabin tsire-tsire. Kayan kaji na duniya sun ninka nauyin dukkan tsuntsayen daji sau uku, yayin da shanu da aladu suka fi nauyin dabbobi masu shayarwa da 14 zuwa 1. Ana sa ran amfani da nama a duniya zai ninka fiye da ninki biyu nan da shekara ta 2050, watakila har zuwa 76%, yayin da yawan mutanen duniya ya karu zuwa sama da biliyan 9, wanda zai zama babban direba na ƙarin asarar halittu da karuwar hayakin gas na Greenhouse.  

## Manazarta