open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Zaben gwamna na jihar Anambra na 2003

**Zaben gwamna na jihar Anambra na 2003** ya faru ne a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2003. Chris Ngige na PDP ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke Peter Obi na APGA da sauran 'yan takara.       

AD" id="mwRA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Chinwoke Mbadinuju">Chinwoke Mbadinuju ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na PDP, amma an ba da gabatarwa ga Chris Ngige,    wanda ya sa ya sauya zuwa AD. Abokin tseren Ngige shine Okey Udeh .  

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Anambra ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Sakamakon
Jimillar 'yan takara bakwai da suka yi rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta don yin takara a zaben. Dan takarar PDP Chris Ngige ya lashe zaben na farko, inda ya doke dan takarar APGA, Peter Obi da sauran 'yan takara.

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,859,795. Koyaya, kashi 47.22% (watau 878,212) ne kawai na masu jefa kuri'a da aka yi rajista suka shiga cikin aikin.

## Manazarta
Karlsruhe (gundumar)

**Karlsruhe** wani Landkreis ne (gundumar) a arewa maso yammacin Baden-Württemberg, Jamus . Gundumomin makwabta sune (daga arewacin agogo) Rhein-Neckar, Heilbronn, Enz, Calw, Rastatt, Germersheim, Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis da kuma garin Speyer. Gundumar Karlsruhe (*Stadtkreis Karlsruhe* He), wanda ya ƙunshi Birnin Karlsruha, yana tsakiyar gundumar, kuma ya yanke shi zuwa arewa da kudancin.

## Tarihi
Asalin tarihi na gundumar shine *Oberamt Karlsruhe* . A cikin 1809 an raba shi zuwa wani bangare wanda ke da alhakin birnin Karlsruhe (Stadtamt), da kuma daya ga kananan hukumomin da ke kewaye (Landamt). A cikin 1865 duk da haka an sake haɗa bangarorin biyu zuwa *Bezirksamt Karlsruhe* . 1938 an sake raba shi, a wannan lokacin tare da gundumar Karlsruhe don ɓangaren da ke kewaye, da kuma gundumar birni ta Karlsruha don yankin birni. A shekara ta 1973 an faɗaɗa gundumar ta hanyar ƙara cikakken gundumar Bruchsal da wasu sassan gundumomin Sinsheim, Vaihingen, Pforzheim da Rastatt; an ƙara wasu ƙananan hukumomi zuwa birnin Karlsruhe sabili da haka suka bar gundumar.

Tun lokacin da aka kafa Jamhuriyar Tarayya, Karlsruhe ta kasance wurin zama na Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta Tarayya (Bundesverfassungsgericht), mafi girma a Jamus.

## Yanayin ƙasa
Yankin yammacin gundumar yana cikin kwarin Rhine . Yankin da ke gabas yana cikin shimfidar wuri na *Kraichgau*, kuma yana arewacin tuddai na Black Forest.

## Alamar makamai
Kashi na hagu na hagu na makamai yana nuna alamar Baden, kamar yadda babban ɓangare na gundumar Karlsruhe na Baden ne a tarihi. Gicciye a saman dama alama ce ta jihar Speyer. Hanyoyin dabbobi guda uku a kasa-dama alama ce ta jihar Württemberg, kuma a kasa-hagu alama ce ta iyalin Wittelsbach.

## Garuruwa da kananan hukumomi

## Haɗin gwiwa / Yankunan Maɗaukaki
Gundumar Karlsruhe tana da haɗin gwiwa tare da yankuna 'yan uwa masu zuwa a waje da Jamus: 

* Gwent, United Kingdom (tsohon yankin gudanarwa a kudu maso gabashin Wales), tun 1978. A shekara ta 1996, saboda sake fasalin gudanarwa, an soke Gwent kuma an raba shi zuwa gundumomi biyar, wanda Karlsruhe yafi ci gaba da haɗin gwiwa tare da sabbin gundumomin Monmouthshire da Torfaen. 
* Negev_Regional_Council" id="mw2w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Sha'ar HaNegev Regional Council">Sha'ar Hanegev (yanki a arewa maso yammacin Negev, iyakance a yammacin Gaza Strip), tun 1992
* Brusque, Brazil (birni a kudancin Brazil), tun daga 2011 

A cikin Jamus, gundumar Karlsruhe tana da haɗin gwiwa tare da gundumar Saxon Mittelsachsen, wanda aka kafa a cikin 2008 ta hanyar haɗuwa da tsoffin gundumomin Döbeln, Freiberg und Mittweida; wannan dangantakar ta fara ne daga 1990 lokacin da gundumar Karmsruhe ta fara haɗin gwiwa tare na Döbelna.

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin yanar gizon birni na hukuma (Jamusanci) 
* Shafin yanar gizon hukuma (Jamusanci)
John X. Merriman

**John Xavier Merriman** (15 Maris 1841 - 1 Agusta 1926) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na goma sha ɗaya na Cape Colony daga 1908 zuwa 1910. Shi ne Firayim Minista na karshe na Cape Colony kafin kafa Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu a 1910.

## Manazarta
Burladingen

**Burladingen** (pronunciation Jamus: [] i) wani gari ne a cikin gundumar Zollernalbkreis ta Baden-Württemberg, Jamus .

## Tarihi
A cikin 1849, Burladingen da ƙauyukan daga&#x5D;-da daga&#x5D; sun kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin Masarautar Prussia. An sanya su a cikin 1850 zuwa  [de], ɗaya daga cikin gundumomin gudanarwa [de] na Lardin Hohenzollern . An rushe Oberamt a cikin 1925 an haɗa garuruwa uku a cikin sabon  [de] ta Melchingen,  [de], da  [de), tsoffin mallakar Masarautar Württemberg da aka ba da ita ga Prussia a cikin 1807. A cikin 1973, a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake fasalin gundumar Baden-Württemberg ta 1973, an haɗa gundumar Hechingen cikin Gundumar Zollernalb.[de] Hörschwag, an sanya shi a Gundumar Reutlingen a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1973, amma a ranar 30 ga Yuni 1974 an haɗa shi cikin Burladingen tare da sauran garuruwa. An sanya Burladingen a matsayin karamar hukuma mai zaman kanta a watan Yulin 1978. 

### Ambaliyar ruwa ta 2008
A yammacin 2 ga Yuni 2008, mata uku sun nitse a cikin Starzel, kusa da Burladingen, biyo bayan ruwan sama mai yawa da ambaliyar ruwa a kudu maso yammacin Baden-Württemberg . 

### Yaƙin neman zaɓe na kare 'yan gudun hijira na 2023
Kimanin mutane 600 suna zaune a Killer, wani ɓangare na Burladingen wanda ya zama sananne a duk faɗin ƙasar a 2023. Gundumar ta shirya saukar da 'yan gudun hijira 40 a cikin wani mashaya mara amfani a can. A wani taron bayanai, an yi wa mai kula da gundumar Günther-Martin Pauli (CDU) ihu kuma an nuna halin tashin hankali, wanda memba na AfD na majalisar dokokin jihar Joachim Steyer wanda ke wurin ya ƙarfafa.

## Yanayin ƙasa
Garin (Stadt) na Burladingen  cikin Swabian Jura, musamman inda Tsakiyar Kuppenalb [de] ke wucewa zuwa yammacin Jura. Hawan sama da matakin teku a cikin yankin *Birni* ya bambanta daga ƙasa da mita 611 (2,005  Normalnull (NN) zuwa sama da mita 933 (3,061 . 

daga&#x5D;- [de] da ke cikin yankin Burladingen.

## Alamar makamai
Alamar makamai ta Burladingen tana nuna maɓallan azurfa guda biyu, suna fuskantar waje da nesa da juna, suna ƙetare filin baƙar fata. An samo tsarin ne daga hatimi na 1702, kodayake maɓallan sun fuskanci juna. An daina amfani da wannan hatimi a karni na 19 amma an mayar da shi ga amfani da hukuma a kusa da 1930, tare da tsarin yanzu. Burladingen yana da hatimi tun farkon 1534, yana mai da shi baki tsufa a cikin County na Zollern, amma ya ɓace daga amfani a shekara ta 1541. An ba garin damar sake amfani da hatimi a cikin 1710 bayan da aka yi kira ga Yarima na Hohenzollern-Hechingen a cikin 1702. An amince da tsarin 1930 a matsayin makamai na gari, tare da fararen fata na Zollern, ta Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta Tarayya a ranar 1 ga Yuni 1956. 

## Kashewa
Burladingen-Ziegelhütte: 

* Josef Reinhardt (1913) - 15.03.1943) 
* Agnes Zulie (* 1942 - 15.03.1943) 
* Elisabeth Regina Zulie (* 1920 - 15.03.1943) 
* Elise Zulie (1922 - 15.03.1943) 
* Adalbert Goldenstein (1922 - 1943) 
* Hildegard Zulie (1943 - 15.03.1943) 
* Olga Zulie (1940 - 15.03.1943) 

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin yanar gizon hukuma (a cikin Jamusanci)
Erbach, Baden-Württemberg

**Erbach** (; Swabian: Ärrbach) Gari ne da ke kan kogin Danube a Baden-Württemberg, Jamus.  Ana cikin gundumar Alb-Donau, Erbach yana tsakanin Ulm da Ehingen an der Donau a gefen kudu Swabian Jura.

## Tarihi
Tsohon sanannen ambaton Erbach ya kasance a cikin Konstanz Tithe Book a cikin 1275 a matsayin Ikklisiya da ake kira *Irlebach*, kodayake binciken da aka samu daga Neolithic Age ya nuna yankin da ke kusa da Erbach an zauna a baya. Erbach ya sami damar gari a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta 2002.

A cikin 1972 an kafa al'ummar Ringingen a cikin Erbach. A yayin sake fasalin al'umma a cikin 1974 an haɗa al'ummomin Bach, Dellmensingen, Donaurieden da Ersingen cikin Erbach.

## Siyasa
Ana zabar magajin gari na tsawon shekaru takwas. Lokacin mulkin Paul Roth ya ƙare a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 2010. Wanda ya gaje shi shine Achim Gaus, wanda aka zaba a ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 2010 a zagaye na biyu kuma ya fara aikinsa a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2011.

### Jiha da Jiha
Zaben da aka yi a ranar 25 ga Mayu, 2014 ya haifar da sakamakon da ya biyo baya. 

### Gasar birni
Erbach tana da tagwaye tare da Wolkersdorf im Weinviertel a Austria tun 1981 da Thorigny sur Marne a Faransa tun 1982.

## Infrastructure
Erbach yana kan *Bundesstraße 311* tsakanin Ulm da Ehingen . Har ila yau, yana kan Southern Railway (Württemberg) tsakanin Ulm da Lindau . Erbach wani bangare ne na Cibiyar Kula da Sufuri ta Danube-Iller, a cikin yankin farashi wanda Kudancin Rail tsakanin Ulm da Bad Schussenried ke cikinsa. Erbach yana da Filin jirgin sama da matukan jirgi masu zaman kansu da yawa daga Ulm ke amfani da shi.

## Abubuwan da aka gani
Erbach tana kan Baroque_Route" id="mw1A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Upper Swabian Baroque Route">Hanyar Baroque ta Upper Swabian da kuma Hanyar St. James . Mafi shahararren gani shine Renaissance Erbach Castle, wanda ya fara daga farkon karni na 16. Gidan sarauta shine gidan *Freiherren* na Ulm a Erbach . Kusa da gidan sarauta shine Cocin Baroque na St. Martin daga shekara ta 1767.

Gidan sarauta na Dellmensingen wani gidan sarauta ne na Baroque a Dellmensingen .

## Halin mutum

* Joseph von Egle (1818-1899), masanin gine-gine, wanda ya gina makarantar polytechnical da Ikilisiyar St. Mary a Stuttgart

* Joseph Eberle, mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje a Afirka
* Phillip Roth, mai magana da yawun gari
* Wakilin" title="Franz Ignaz Albert of Werdenstein" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Franz Ignaz Albert na Werdenstein (1697-1766), Vicar da Mataimakin Bishop na Freising
* Maximilian Marquard na Ulm-Erbach-Mittelbiberach (1802-1864), mai mallakar ƙasa kuma mataimakin majalisar dokokin Württemberg ta biyu
* Anton Hafner (1918-1944), jami'in Luftwaffe a yakin duniya na biyuYaƙin Duniya na II
* Wolf-Dietrich Hammann (an haife shi a shekara ta 1955), lauya, mataimakin sakatare a Stuttgart kuma tsohon shugaban 'yan sanda a Baden-Württemberg
* Manfred Albert von Richthofen (1953-2002), injiniyan Jamus-Brazil

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Gidan yanar gizon gari (a cikin Jamusanci)
Bayyanawar Balfour ta 1926

Sanarwar Balfour ta 1926 ta fito ne daga taron Imperial na 1926 na shugabannin Daular Burtaniya a London. An sanya masa suna ne bayan Arthur Balfour, wanda shine Shugaban Majalisar. Ya ayyana Ƙasar Ingila da Dominions su zama

Kwamitin Hulɗa tsakanin Masarauta, wanda Balfour ke jagoranta, ya tsara takardar da ke shirya don amincewa da shi gaba ɗaya daga Firayim Ministocin Masarautar a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 1926.  Firayim Minista Afirka ta Kudu J. B. M. Hertzog da Firayim Minista na Kanada William Lyon Mackenzie King ne suka fara gabatar da shi.

An sake bayyana ƙarshen Taron Imperial na 1926 ta taron 1930 kuma an haɗa su a cikin Dokar Westminster na Disamba 1931. A cikin dokar, Majalisar dokokin Burtaniya ta ba da umurni cewa ba za ta kafa dokar da ta shafi Dominion a matsayin wani ɓangare na dokar wannan Dominion ba, sai dai idan dokar ta bayyana a fili cewa gwamnatin Dominion ta nemi kuma ta yarda da aiwatar da wannan dokar.

## Manazarta
Ofishin mulkin mallaka

Ofishin mulkin mallaka wani sashen gwamnati ne na Masarautar Burtaniya kuma daga baya na Ƙasar Ingila, wanda aka fara kirkirar shi a cikin 1768 daga Sashen Kudancin don magance harkokin mulkin mallaka a Arewacin Amurka (musamman Koloni goma sha uku, da kuma, yankuna Kanada da suka samu kwanan nan daga Faransa), har sai sun haɗu da sabon Ofishin Gida a cikin 1782. A cikin 1801, an sauya al'amuran mulkin mallaka zuwa Ofishin Yakin a cikin jagorancin Yaƙe-yaƙe na Napoleon, wanda ya zama Ofishin Yaki da Yakin don kula da kare yankunan Daular Burtaniya. An sake kirkirar Ofishin mulkin mallaka a matsayin sashen daban 1854, a karkashin Sakataren mulkin mallaka. Daga karshe an hade shi cikin Ofishin Commonwealth a shekarar 1966.

Duk da sunansa, Ofishin mulkin mallaka yana da alhakin yawancin, amma ba duka ba, na yankunan Daular Burtaniya; masu kariya sun fada ƙarƙashin ikon Ofishin Harkokin Waje, kuma Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya ne ke mulkin Shugabannin Burtaniya a Indiya har zuwa 1858, lokacin da aka kafa Ofishin Indiya don kula da gudanar da sabon Mataimakin Sarauta na Indiya (Crown An mallaki Indiya kai tsaye ta hanyar Mataimakin Sarki bayan tawaye ta Indiya), yayin da Ofishin mulkin Mallaka ya maye gurbinsa a cikin harkokin Masarauta a cikin 1925.
## Ofishin mulkin mallaka na farko (1768-1782)
Kafin shekara ta 1768, alhakin al'amuran mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ya kasance wani ɓangare na ayyukan Sakataren Gwamnati na Sashen Kudancin da kwamitin Majalisar Privy da aka sani da Hukumar Ciniki da Shuke-shuke. Baya ga haka, Ma'aikatar Indiya ce ke da alhakin dangantaka da 'yan asalin ƙasar a Arewacin Amurka daga 1755 zuwa gaba.

A cikin 1768 an kafa Sashen Amurka ko na mulkin mallaka, don magance al'amuran mulkin mallaka a Amurka ta Burtaniya. Tare da asarar goma sha uku daga cikin yankunanta, duk da haka, an soke sashen a cikin shekara ta 1782. An ba da alhakin sauran yankuna ga Ofishin Cikin Gida, kuma daga baya a cikin 1801 an canja shi zuwa Ma'aikatar Yakin.

## Yaƙi da Ofishin mulkin mallaka (1801-1854)
An sake sunan Ofishin Yakin da Ofishin Yaki a cikin 1801, a ƙarƙashin sabon Sakataren Gwamnati na Yakin da Koloni, don nuna karuwar muhimmancin yankuna. A cikin 1825 an kirkiro sabon mukamin Mataimakin Sakataren Gwamnati na Koloni a cikin wannan ofishin. Robert William Hay ne ya gudanar da shi da farko. Wadanda suka gaje shi sune James Stephen, Herman Merivale, Frederic Rogers, Robert Herbert da Robert Henry Meade .  [ana buƙatar hujja]

## Manazarta
Taron Alkahira (1921)

Taron Alkahira na 1921, wanda aka bayyana a cikin minti na hukuma a matsayin Taron Gabas ta Tsakiya da aka gudanar a Alkahira da Urushalima, Maris 12 zuwa 30, 1921, jerin tarurruka ne da jami'an Burtaniya suka yi don bincika da tattauna matsalolin Gabas ta tsakiya, da kuma tsara manufofi na kowa. Taron sirri na masana Burtaniya ya kirkiro tsarin kulawar Burtaniya a Iraki da Transjordan. Ta hanyar ba da jagorancin waɗannan yankuna biyu ga 'ya'yan Sharif na Makka, Churchill ya ji cewa ruhun idan ba ainihin wasikar alkawuran Birtaniya na lokacin yaƙi ga Larabawa sun cika.

## Gabatarwa
A cikin 1920 wani shahararren tashin hankali ya ɓarke a Mesopotamiya, wanda Burtaniya ta mamaye tun lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Sojojin Burtaniya sun sha wahala daruruwan wadanda suka mutu. kuma sassan 'yan jaridar Burtaniya suna kira ga kawo karshen ikon Burtaniya. T. E. Lawrence, wanda ayyukansa na lokacin yaƙi suka fara kama tunanin jama'a kuma wanda ke da karfi ga daular Husain da ke cikin Hejaz, yana neman Gwamnatin Burtaniya a madadin Emir Feisal. Yunkurin Sarkin na kafa mulki tare da Dimashƙu a matsayin babban birninta sojojin Faransa sun hana shi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1920 babban ɗan'uwan Feisal Abdullah ya bayyana tare da mabiya ɗaruruwan a garin Ma'an kuma ya sanar da niyyarsa na kai farmaki ga mamayar Faransa a Siriya da Lebanon na zamani da kuma maido da ɗan'uwansa zuwa mulki a can.

Ayyukan Churchill a matsayin sabon Sakataren mulkin mallaka tare da alhakin musamman ga Gabas ta Tsakiya, shine neman mafita ga tashin hankali a Iraki da kuma gamsar da burin Husains. Ya nada Lawrence a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman. Sun gudanar da jerin tarurruka tare da Feisal a London kafin taron.
## Manazarta
Shinkafa mai narkewa

shinkafa mai laushi abinci ne da aka yi a gida a Najeriya wanda aka shirya maimakon shinkafa mai jollof ko farin shinkafa na al'ada. Manyan sinadaran da aka yi amfani da su wajen yin abinci sun hada da shinkafa, man kayan lambu da gishiri. Ana kiranta shinkafa tun lokacin da aka maye gurbin man kayan lambu da Man dabino.

## Overview
Sauran sinadaran da aka yi amfani da su wajen yin shinkafa sun hada da ganye mai ƙamshi, ganye na curry, wake, albasa, cubes na kayan yaji da albasa. Ana yin shinkafa lokacin da ruwa a cikin shinkafa ya bushe.

## Manazarta
Waƙar zanga-zanga

waƙar zanga-zanga waƙa ce da ke da alaƙa da motsi don zanga-zambe da Canjin zamantakewa kuma saboda haka wani ɓangare na manyan waƙoƙi (ko waƙoƙoƙin da ke da alaka da abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu). Yana iya zama na gargajiya, na gargajiya, ko kasuwanci a cikin jinsi

Waƙoƙin zanga-zangar sau da yawa suna da alaƙa da motsi na zamantakewa ta hanyar mahallin. "Goodnight Irene", alal misali, ya sami tasirin waƙar zanga-zangar saboda Lead Belly ne ya rubuta shi, baƙar fata da aka yanke masa hukunci kuma wanda aka fitar da shi, kodayake a fuskarsa waƙar soyayya ce. Ko kuma suna iya zama ba a fahimta ba, suna nuna, a cikin cikakkun kalmomi, adawa da rashin adalci da goyon baya ga zaman lafiya, ko tunani mai 'yanci, amma masu sauraro yawanci sun san abin da ake magana a kai. Ludwig van Beethoven's "Ode to Joy", waƙar da ke tallafawa 'yan uwantaka na duniya, waƙar irin wannan ce. Yana da wani wuri na waka da Friedrich Schiller ya yi bikin ci gaba da rayayyun halittu (waɗanda suka haɗa kai a cikin ikon su na jin zafi da jin daɗi kuma saboda haka don tausayi), wanda Beethoven da kansa ya kara da layin cewa dukkan maza 'yan'uwa ne. Waƙoƙin da ke goyan bayan halin da ake ciki ba su cancanci zama waƙoƙin zanga-zanga ba.

Rubutun waƙoƙin zanga-zangar na iya samun takamaiman abun ciki. Kungiyar ma'aikata ta Pins and Needles ta bayyana ma'anar waƙar zanga-zangar a cikin wani lamba da ake kira "Sing Me a Song of Social Significance". Phil Ochs ya taɓa bayyana cewa, "Waƙar zanga-zangar waƙa ce da ta dace sosai cewa ba za ku iya kuskuren ta da BS ba. "  Wasu masu bincike sun yi jayayya cewa waƙoƙin zanga-zambe dole ne su nuna adawa ko, aƙalla, su ba da wasu mafita idan an iyakance su don jawo hankali ga batutuwan zamantakewa.  Wani ma'anar da ya fi dacewa, wanda ba ya ware wani nau'i mai zuwa na kirkirar abubuwa, ya bayyana waƙar zanga-zangar a matsayin wanda masu zanga-zambe suka yi.
## Manazarta
Forty Group

**Forty Group** wata al'umma ce ko ƙungiya ta Kenya a tsakiyar ƙarni na ashirin da ta kunshi 'yan ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta Kenya waɗanda suka shiga da nufin yin amfani da tashin hankali don a ji muryarsu. Sunan fassarar jumlar Gĩkũyũ ne **Anake a 40**, wanda ke nufin **Samari na 40**. An kuma kira ƙungiyar da **Kiama kia 40** tana fassara zuwa **jam'iyyar (siyasa) ta 40**. Lambar ta 40 tana nuni ne ga shekara ta 1940, wacce a cikinta aka shigar da yawancin jiga-jigan gungun a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Mulkin Mallaka ta Biritaniya.

Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi yawancin maza da suka fito daga hidima a yakin duniya na biyu. Mwangi Macharia ne ya kafa ta kuma a hankali ta samo asali ne zuwa wani ɓangare na tawayen Mau Mau na shekarun 1950. Stanley Mathenge yana ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin Forty Group.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Blip a kan batun
* Wani labarin kan batun. labari a kasan shafi
Ahmed Fouad Negm

**Ahmad Fo'ad Negm** (Arabic; 22 ga Mayu 1929 - 3 ga Disamba 2013), wanda aka fi sani da Elfagumi الفاجومي (arz), mawaki ne na Masar. Negm sananne ne saboda aikinsa tare da mawaƙin Masar Sheikh Imam, da kuma waƙoƙin Larabci na Masar na kishin ƙasa da juyin juya hali. An dauki Negm a matsayin "wani jarumi a Misira".
## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Ahmed Fouad Negm a wani karamin ƙauye a arewacin Alkahira, Misira,  ga dangin Fellahin . Mahaifiyarsa, Hanem Morsi Negm, uwar gida ce, kuma mahaifinsa Mohammed Ezat Negm, jami'in 'yan sanda ne. Negm na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan'uwa goma sha bakwai. Kamar yawancin mawaƙa da marubuta na ƙarni, ya sami karatunsa a makarantun addini na Kutaab da El-Azhar ke gudanarwa.

Yana da shekaru shida lokacin da mahaifinsa ya mutu.Ya tafi ya zauna tare da kawunsa Hussein a Zagazig, amma an sanya shi a gidan marayu a 1936 inda ya fara saduwa da sanannen mawaƙi Abdel Halim Hafez . A shekara ta 1945, yana da shekaru 17, ya bar gidan marayu kuma ya koma ƙauyensa don yin aiki a matsayin makiyayi. Daga baya, ya koma Alkahira don ya zauna tare da ɗan'uwansa wanda daga ƙarshe ya kore shi kawai ya koma ƙauyensa don yin aiki a ɗayan sansanonin Ingila yayin da yake taimakawa tare da ayyukan 'yan tawaye.
## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Allied don Canji

Allied Movement for Change (AM4C) ƙaramar jam'iyya ce a Afirka ta Kudu. Ahmed Munzoor Shaik Emam ne ya kafa jam'iyyar, tsohon memba na NFP kuma ɗan kasuwa. An kaddamar da jam'iyyar a watan Maris na shekara ta 2024 a Johannesburg. 

## Tarihi

### Asalin
An kafa AM4C a cikin 2024 ta ƙungiyar mutane waɗanda suka rabu da Jam'iyyar National Freedom Party (NFP). Manufofinta suna mai da hankali kan ci gaban tattalin arziki da jin dadin jama'a.

## Tsarin yanzu da abun da ke ciki
AMCP tana da kwamitin tsakiya karkashin jagorancin Ahmed Munzoor Shaik Emam a matsayin shugaban kasa, tare da babban sakatare da sauran masu rike da ofis. Jam'iyyar tana da karamin kasancewar a cikin 'yan larduna, tare da mafi yawan goyon bayanta daga Lardin Gauteng

## Sakamakon zaben

### Zaben birni
AMCPP ta yi takara a zaben kananan hukumomi a shekarar 2016 da kuma zaben kasa a shekarar 2019 amma ta lashe kujeru hudu ne kawai.

## Manufofin kasashen waje da alakarsu
AHCP ba ta bayyana manufofin kasashen waje ba amma ta nuna goyon baya ga hadin kan Afirka da hadin kai tare da sauran kasashen Afirka. An soki AMCP saboda rashin manufofi masu kyau da kuma ganin damar da ta samu wajen tserewa daga ANC.

## Manazarta
Tashin hankali na Soweto

Rikicin Soweto, wanda aka fi sani da rikicin Soweto ko tawaye na Soweto, jerin zanga-zangar ne da zanga-zambe da yara baƙi suka jagoranci a Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin wariyar launin fata wanda ya fara a safiyar 16 ga Yuni 1976. 

Dalibai daga makarantu daban-daban sun fara yin zanga-zanga a titunan gari Soweto don mayar da martani ga gabatarwar Afrikaans, wanda baƙi da yawa suka ɗauka a matsayin "harshe na mai zalunci", a matsayin matsakaiciyar koyarwa a makarantun baƙi. An kiyasta cewa dalibai 20,000 sun shiga cikin zanga-zangar. An sadu da su da mummunan tashin hankali na 'yan sanda, kuma an harbe mutane da yawa kuma an kashe su. Adadin daliban da aka kashe a cikin tashin hankali ya kai kimanin mutane 850 da suka mutu. Rikicin ya kasance muhimmiyar lokaci a cikin yaki da wariyar launin fata yayin da ya haifar da sabuntawa adawa da wariyar dan adam a Afirka ta Kudu a cikin gida da kuma duniya. Don tunawa da waɗannan abubuwan, 16 ga Yuni hutu ne na jama'a a Afirka ta Kudu, mai suna Ranar Matasa. A duniya, an san 16 Yuni da Ranar Yaron Afirka (DAC) . 
## Abinda ya jawo
Daliban makarantar sakandare na Afirka ta Kudu a Soweto sun nuna rashin amincewa da Dokar Afrikaans Medium ta 1974, wanda ya tilasta wa dukkan makarantun baƙi su yi amfani da Afrikaans da Ingilishi daidai a matsayin harsunan koyarwa. Haɗin Afrikaans tare da wariyar launin fata ya sa Baƙar fata ta Afirka ta Kudu su fi son Turanci. Ko da gwamnatocin Bantustan sun zaɓi Turanci da yaren asalin Afirka a matsayin harsunan hukuma. Bugu da kari, Turanci yana samun shahara a matsayin yaren gida aka fi amfani da shi a kasuwanci da masana'antu. An yi amfani da dokar ta 1974 don tilasta juyawa da raguwar Afrikaans tsakanin baƙar fata na Afirka. Gwamnatin da ta mamaye Afrikaner ta yi amfani da sashi na Dokar Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu ta 1909 wanda ya amince da Turanci da Yaren mutanen Holland kawai, wanda aka maye gurbinsa da Afrikaans a 1925, a matsayin harsunan hukuma a matsayin uzuri. Dukkanin makarantu dole ne su ba da koyarwa a cikin Afrikaans da Ingilishi a matsayin harsuna, amma fararen ɗaliban Afirka ta Kudu sun koyi wasu batutuwa a cikin yarensu na gida.
## Manazarta
Yunkurin Black Consciousness

Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) wata ƙungiya ce mai fafutuka adawa da wariyar launin fata wacce ta fito a Afirka ta Kudu a tsakiyar shekarun 1960 daga cikin rikice-rikicen siyasa da aka haifar da ɗaurin kurkuku da haramta shugabancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka da Pan Africanist Congress bayan Kisan kiyashi na Sharpeville a shekarar 1960. BCM ta wakilci yunkurin zama

BCM ta kai farmaki ga abin da suka gani a matsayin dabi'un fararen fata na gargajiya, musamman dabi'un "rashin hankali" na fararen masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Sun ki shiga ra'ayi mai sassaucin ra'ayi game da fa'idodi da rashin fahimta na baƙar fata, kuma sun jaddada kin amincewa da fararen fata a kan Gaskiya a matsayin babban ka'idar motsi  Duk da yake wannan falsafar da farko ta haifar da rashin jituwa tsakanin masu gwagwarmayar wariyar launin fata a cikin Afirka ta Kudu, nan da nan yawancin mutane suka karbe shi a matsayin ci gaba mai kyau. A sakamakon haka, an sami haɗin kai da hadin kai tsakanin kungiyoyin baƙar fata gabaɗaya, wanda hakan ya kawo sanin baƙar fata zuwa gabaɗaya na gwagwarmayar adawa da wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu.
## Manazarta
Makabartar Avalon

Makabartai Avalon yana daya daga cikin manyan makabarta a Afirka ta Kudu. An buɗe shi a cikin 1972,  a lokacin tsayin daka na wariyar launin fata, a matsayin makabartar baƙar fata kawai. Matshidiso Mfikoe, a lokacin memba ne na kwamitin magajin gari na muhalli da ayyukan kamfanoni, ya buɗe babbar kari a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu. Kafin Avalon ya buɗe, an binne Sowetans a Kabari na Nancefield (Klipspruit). Wannan wurin binnewa ya buɗe a 1912 amma yanzu ya cika sai dai ga jana'izar ta biyu ko ta uku.

Bayan ƙofar, a hagu, akwai abubuwan tunawa da aka keɓe ga masu gwagwarmaya Lilian Ngoyi da Helen Joseph. A lokacin Watan Mata a watan Agusta 2010, an ayyana kaburbura na Ngoyi, Joseph da Maxeke a matsayin wuraren tarihi na kasa. (Gidan kabari yana da abubuwan tunawa da sauran jarumawa.)

c da ke tattare da mutane daga Lenasia, Soweto da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi ya kai damar a ranar 21 ga Oktoba 2022.
## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Bayelsa na 2003

**Zaben gwamna na Jihar Bayelsa na 2003** ya faru ne a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2003. Gwamna mai ci, PDP's Diepreye Alamieyeseigha ya lashe zaben a karo na biyu, inda ya doke Miliyanari Abowei na ANPP da wasu 'yan takara biyu.

Diepreye Alamieyeseigha ta lashe zaben PDP a zaben fidda gwani.  Ya riƙe Goodluck Jonathan a matsayin abokin aikinsa na gudu    

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Bayelsa ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Sakamakon
Jimlar 'yan takara huɗu da suka yi rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta don yin takara a zaben. Gwamna mai ci, DSP Alamieyesiegha ya lashe zaben a karo na biyu, inda ya doke wasu 'yan takara hudu.

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 765,472. Kimanin kashi 97.38% (watau 745,408) na masu jefa kuri'a da aka yi rajista sun shiga cikin aikin.

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Borno na 2003

An gudanar da zaben gwamnan jihar Borno a shekarar 2003 a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2003. Gwamna mai ci, Ali Modu Sheriff na ANPP ya lashe zabe karo na biyu, inda ya doke Mala Kachalla na AD da wasu 'yan takara uku. Ana zargin Sheriff ya nemi taimakon Boko Haram domin ya ci zabe.

Ali Modu Sheriff ya zama dan takarar jam’iyyar ANPP a zaben fidda gwani na gwamna. Abokin takararsa shine Adamu Shettima.

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zaben gwamnan jihar Borno ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kada kuri’a.

## Sakamako
‘Yan takara hudu ne suka yi rajista da hukumar zabe mai zaman kanta domin su fafata a zaben.[25] Dan takarar jam’iyyar ANPP, Ali Modu Sheriff, ya doke gwamna mai ci da wasu mutane uku inda ya lashe zaben.

Adadin wadanda suka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 2,156,019. Duk da haka, kashi 37.92% (watau 817,533) na masu jefa ƙuri'a da suka yi rajista ne kawai suka shiga aikin.

## Manazarta
Kisan kiyashi na Sharpeville

Kisan kiyashi na Sharpeville ya faru ne a ranar 21 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1960, lokacin da 'yan sanda suka bude wuta a kan taron mutanen da suka taru a waje da ofishin' yan sanda a gari Sharpeville a Lardin Transvaal na lokacin na Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu (a yau wani ɓangare na Gauteng) don nuna rashin amincewa da dokokin wucewa.

Taron kusan mutane 5,000 sun taru a Sharpeville a wannan rana don mayar da martani ga kiran da Majalisar Pan-Africanist ta yi don barin litattafan fasfo a gida da kuma neman 'yan sanda su kama su saboda karya dokokin fasfo. An gaya wa masu zanga-zangar cewa wani jami'in gwamnati zai yi musu jawabi kuma sun jira a waje da ofishin 'yan sanda yayin da wasu jami'an' yan sanda suka iso, gami da manyan mambobin sanannen reshen tsaro. Da karfe 1:30 na yamma, ba tare da bayar da gargadi ba, 'yan sanda sun harbe harsashi 1,344 a cikin taron.  
Fiye da shekaru hamsin yawan mutanen da aka kashe da wadanda suka ji rauni ya dogara ne da rikodin 'yan sanda, wanda ya hada da wadanda suka mutu 249 gabaɗaya, ciki har da yara 29, tare da mutane 69 da suka mutu da 180 da suka ji rauni. Bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa akalla mutane 91 sun mutu a Sharpeville kuma akalla mutane 238 sun ji rauni. An harbe mutane da yawa a baya yayin da suke tserewa daga 'yan sanda.
## Manazarta
Rawson Macharia

**Rawson Mbugua Macharia** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1911, d. 5 ga watan Disamba 2008, mai shekaru 96) shi ne babban mashaidi mai gabatar da ƙara a shari'ar Kapenguria Six, wanda ya haɗa da Jomo Kenyatta.

Kenyatta da sauran 'yan kishin ƙasa ne na Kenya da aka ɗaure saboda gudanar da Mau Mau.

## Shaida
Waɗanda ake tuhuma shida, Kenyatta, Bildad Kaggia, Kung'u Karumba, Fred Kubai, Paul Ngei da Achieng Oneko an kama su a shekarar 1952, kuma an yi musu shari'a a shekarun 1952-53 saboda laifin gudanar da Mau Mau, sannan wata haramtacciyar al'umma.

Macharia ya shaida a wannan hanya cewa a cikin watan Maris 1950, ya ɗauki ɗaya daga cikin rantsuwar Mau Mau a hannun Kenyatta. Ya kuma yi ikirarin cewa rantsuwar ta haɗa da tuɓewa tsirara da shan jinin mutane.  Abubuwan da Macharia ya gabatar sune kawai shaidar alaƙa kai tsaye tsakanin Kenyatta da Mau Mau da aka gabatar a gaban kotu. An haramta Mau Mau a watan Agustan 1950, don haka, ko da ikirarin gaskiya ne, ba a sani ba cewa sun tabbatar da kasancewar Kenyatta, balle gudanarwa, na haramtacciyar ƙungiya.

## Shaidar karya
A cikin shekarar 1958, Macharia ya rantse da wata takardar shaidar cewa shi da wasu mutane shida sun yi rantsuwar kansu a shari'ar. Shaidu masu gabatar da ƙara, ya ce an horar da su, kuma an ba wa wasu daga cikinsu tukuicin filaye a gaɓar teku. Shi da kansa ya ba shi kwas ɗin jami’a a fannin gudanar da harkokin gwamnati a Jami’ar Exeter, da kariya ga iyalinsa, da kuma aikin gwamnati a lokacin da ya dawo daga Birtaniya  Wasika ce ta goyi bayan takardar, da alama daga Babban Lauyan Gwamnati a lokacin shari’ar, wanda ke bayyana fa’idojin da aka yi alkawari. 

Don haka ya zama cewa an samu hukuncin ne ta hanyar wata shari’a da gwamnati ta tabbatar da cewa an horar da shaidun (domin a ƙara ba su damar dagewa a yi musu tambayoyi na gaba), cewa an biya su (a matsayin diyyar asarar rayuwa), kuma Macharia ya yi karya a shari’ar kuma ya samu alawus.

Daga baya Macharia ya rubuta littafi: *Gaskiya game da Gwajin Jomo Kenyatta*.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Macharia ya auri Edith Mwihaki, wanda ya rasu a shekarar 1999. ƙauyensu Muthurumbi a gundumar Thika, kusa da garin Gatundu. Gidansa yana kilomita biyar ne kawai daga gidan Kenyatta. 

Macharia ya mutu bayan da wani mai babur ya buge shi yayin da yake tsallaka titin Thika a ranar 5 ga watan Disamba 2008.

## Manazarta

## Littafi Mai Tsarki

* Ba a san shi ba (16 Maris 1959) Tushen Bishiyar ɓaure, Mujallar *Time* .
* John Lonsdale (2000) "Gwajin Kenyatta: Yin da Karya Dan Kishin Ƙasar Afirka", a cikin *The Moral World of Law*, Peter Coss (ed), Jami'ar Cambridge University Press. 
* Rawson Macharia (1991), *Gaskiya game da Gwajin Jomo Kenyatta*, Nairobi: Longman. ISBN&nbsp;
* Oliver Musembi (2008). Mutumin da ya ba da shaidar karya a kan Kenyatta ya mutu a hatsarin  . *Daily Nation*, 9. xii. 08.
Fred Kubai

**Fred Kubai** (1917-Yuni 1, 1996) yana ɗaya daga cikin Kapenguria Six, membobi na Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta Kenya da aka kama a shekarar 1952, an yi shari'a kuma an ɗaure su.

Ya kasance ɗan Kikuyu, kuma shugaban ƙungiyar ma'aikatan sufurin Kenya da ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwa ta gabashin Afirka. Kubai ya shirya kai hare-hare kan gwamnatin Turai a Nairobi. A watan Mayun 1950, an yi masa shari'a kuma aka wanke shi daga laifin yunkurin kashe wani jami'in birnin.  A ranar 22 ga watan Oktoba 1952, an tuhumi Fred Kubai, tare da Bildad Kaggia, Kung'u Karumba, Jomo Kenyatta, Paul Ngei, da Achieng Oneko, da shirya zanga-zangar Mau Mau.

## Rayuwar farko da aikin soja
An haifi Fred Kubai a shekara ta 1917 a birnin Nairobi na ƙasar Kenya. Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Buxton da ke Mombasa, inda ya kammala a shekarar 1931. Fred Kubai yana da mata huɗu kuma bayan rabuwa da matansa sun fara soyayya da taimakon gidansa Christina Gakuhi. A cikin shekarar 1991, ya rubuta wasiyyar da ta ga Christina Gakuhi tana da haƙƙin mallakar duk kadarorinsa.  Daga nan ya yi aiki da gidan waya da sadarwa na Gabashin Afirka a matsayin mai yin telegraph daga t 1931 zuwa 1946. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin bataliya ta telegraph a cikin sojojin Birtaniya a Lodwar.

## Shugaban kwadago
A cikin shekarar 1946, Kubai ya ƙare aikinsa na telegraph kuma ya shiga ƙungiyar ma'aikatan Afirka. A shekarar da ta biyo baya, ya kafa ƙungiyar Sufuri da Makanikai ta Afirka ta Kenya, wacce daga baya aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Sufuri da Allied Worker Union.

## Mau Mau
A ranar 22 ga watan Oktoba 1952, Bildad Kaggia, Kung'u Karumba, Jomo Kenyatta, Fred Kubai, Paul Ngei, da Achieng Oneko aka tuhume su da shirya zanga-zangar Mau Mau.  An same su da laifi kuma aka yanke musu hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru goma a gidan yari.

## Manazarta

## Sources
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* 
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* 
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Zaben gwamna na jihar Delta na 2003

An gudanar da zaben gwamnan jihar Delta a shekarar 2003 a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2003. Gwamna mai ci, James Ibori na PDP ne ya lashe zabe a karo na biyu, inda ya doke Lucky Oghene Omoru na ANPP da wasu 'yan takara hudu.

James Ibori ne ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na gwamna a jam'iyyar PDP. Abokin takararsa shine Benjamin Elue.

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zaben gwamnan jihar Delta ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kada kuri’a.

## Sakamako
‘Yan takara shida ne suka yi rajista da Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa domin yin takara a zaben. Gwamna mai ci, James Ibori na jam'iyyar PDP ya lashe zabe a karo na biyu, inda ya doke wasu 'yan takara biyar.

Adadin wadanda suka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 1,607,337. Duk da haka, kashi 56.44% (watau 907,251) na masu jefa ƙuri'a ne kawai suka shiga aikin.

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Edo na 2003

An gudanar da zaben gwamnan jihar Edo a shekarar 2003 a ranar 19 ga Afrilu 2003. Dan takarar jam'iyyar PDP mai ci Lucky Igbinedion ne ya lashe zaben a karo na biyu, inda ya doke Roland Owie na ANPP da wasu 'yan takara uku.

Lucky Igbinedion ya fito a matsayin dan takarar gwamna na jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (Nigeria). Ya sa Mike Oghiadomhe a matsayin abokin takararsa.

Roland Owie ya doke Lucky Imasuen a zaben fidda gwanin dan takarar gwamna na jam'iyyar ANPP inda ya zama dan takarar jam'iyyar.

## Tsarin zabe
An zabi Gwamnan Jihar Edo ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kada kuri’a. Ana sa ran Gwamnan zai yi mulki na tsawon shekaru hudu, kuma mafi girman shekaru takwas.

## Sakamako
‘Yan takara 5 ne suka yi rajista da Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa domin yin takara a zaben. Gwamna Lucky Igbinedion na jam’iyyar PDP ya sake lashe zabe a karo na biyu, inda ya doke dan takarar jam’iyyar ANPP Roland Owie da wasu ‘yan takarar kananan jam’iyya hudu.

Adadin wadanda suka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 1,432,891. Duk da haka, kashi 79.74% (watau 1,142,519) na masu jefa ƙuri'a da suka yi rajista ne kawai suka shiga aikin.

## Manazarta
Tauraron Arewacin Afirka

Étoile Nord-Africaine ko ENA (Faransanci don Star na Arewacin Afirka) kungiya ce ta farko ta Aljeriya da aka kafa a 1926. An rushe shi da farko a 1929, sannan aka sake tsara shi a 1933 a ƙarƙashin sunan Glorieuse ENA kuma an sake rushe shi a 1937. An dauke shi a matsayin mai gabatarwa na Algeria National Liberation Front (FLN), wanda ya yi yaƙi da Faransa a lokacin Yaƙin Aljeriya (1954-62).

## Manazarta
Aljeriya a Yaƙin Duniya na II

A farkon yakin duniya na 2, Aljeriya ta kasance wani ɓangare na Jamhuriyar Faransa.

A cikin 1939, yanayin siyasar Faransa a Aljeriya ya zama mara tasiri, ya kasa magance batutuwa masu mahimmanci. Rashin kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki ya yi yawa, tare da fashewar yunwa, yayin da kira ga daidaito daga masu kishin kasa ba a saurare su ba. Kokarin soke dokokin da ba su da kyau sun fadi a Majalisar dokokin Faransa, har ma da gabatar da sauye-sauye kamar shawarar Blum Viollette ya gaza. Sakamakon haka, tashin hankali ya karu, wanda ya haifar da rushewar Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Algeria. Bugu da ƙari, Ƙungiyar Musulmi ta Aljeriya ta Ulema ta ki tallafawa Faransa a cikin yakin. Bugu da ƙari, kafa kwamitin juyin juya halin Arewacin Afirka ta mayakan Jam'iyyar Jama'a ya kara tsananta halin da ake ciki. Wannan kwamitin, wanda ya haɗa kai da Nazis, ya ba da shawarar haɗin gwiwar Aljeriya tare da Nazis don fitar da Faransa daga Aljeriya. Sakamakon haka, an sa mutane da yawa daga cikin mayakan Aljeriya su shiga cikin Nazi a kan Faransa. A sakamakon haka, Faransa ta rufe Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Aljeriya a watan Satumbar 1939. 
## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Cross River na 2003

**Zaben gwamna na Jihar Cross River na 2003** ya faru ne a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2003, a Najeriya. Gwamna mai ci, Donald Duke na PDP ya lashe zaben a karo na biyu, inda ya kayar da mataimakinsa na baya John Oyom Okpa    na ANPP da wasu 'yan takara uku.

Donald Duke ya fito ne mai nasara a Zaben fidda gwani na PDP. Abokin aikinsa shi ne Walter Eneji  .

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Cross River ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Sakamakon
Jimlar 'yan takara biyar da suka yi rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta don yin takara a zaben.  Gwamna mai ci, Donald Duke na PDP ya lashe zaben a karo na biyu, inda ya doke wasu 'yan takara hudu.

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a da aka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 1,289,192, kuma 83.32% (watau 1,074,132) na masu jefa kuriʼa da aka rubuta sun shiga cikin aikin.

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Ebonyi na 2003

**Zaben gwamna na Jihar Ebonyi na 2003** ya faru ne a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2003. Sam Egwu na PDP ya lashe zaben na farko, inda ya doke Gwamna mai ci, Lawrence Nwauruku na ANPP da wasu 'yan takara biyu.

Sam Egwu ya fito ne mai nasara a Zaben fidda gwani na PDP. Ya riƙe Emmanuel Isu a matsayin abokin takararsa.

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Ebonyi ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Sakamakon
Jimlar 'yan takara huɗu da suka yi rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta don yin takara a zaben. Dan takarar PDP Sam Egwu ya lashe zaben a karo na biyu, inda ya doke wasu 'yan takara uku.

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,002,771. Koyaya, kashi 80.7% ne kawai (watau 809,224) na masu jefa kuri'a da aka yi rajista suka shiga cikin aikin.

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Enugu na 2003

An gudanar da zaben gwamnan jihar Enugu a shekarar 2003 a Najeriya ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2003. Dan takarar PDP Chimaroke Nnamani ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke Onu Solomon na jam'iyyar NRP.

Chimaroke Nnamani ya zama dan takarar PDP. Ya zabi Okechukwu Ezewata Itanyi a matsayin abokin takararsa. Onu Solomon shi ne dan takarar jam’iyyar NRP tare da Walter Obiorah Oji a matsayin abokin takararsa.

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zaben gwamnan jihar Enugu ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kada kuri’a.

## Sakamako
‘Yan takara 13 ne suka yi rajista da Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa domin tsayawa takara a zaben.

Adadin wadanda suka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 1,479,542. Adadin kuri'un da aka kada ya kai 1,215,809, yayin da adadin kuri'u masu inganci ya kai 1,207,114. Kuri'u 8,695 da aka ki amincewa.

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Ekiti na 2003

An gudanar da zaben gwamnan jihar Ekiti a shekarar 2003 a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2003. Ayo Fayose na PDP ne ya lashe zabe a karon farko, inda ya doke Gwamna mai ci, AD Niyi Adebayo da wasu ‘yan takara uku.

Ayo Fayose ya fito ne mai nasara a Zaben fidda gwani na PDP. Abokin aikinsa shi ne Abiodun Olujimi . 

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Sakamakon
Jimlar 'yan takara biyar da suka yi rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta don yin takara a zaben.  Dan takarar PDP Ayo Fayose ya lashe zaben na farko, inda ya doke Gwamnan AD mai ci, Niyi Adebayo, da wasu 'yan takara uku.

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 981,753. Koyaya, kashi 43.47% ne kawai (watau 426,731) na masu jefa kuri'a da aka yi rajista suka shiga cikin aikin.

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Kaduna na 2003

**Zaben gwamna na Jihar Kaduna na 2003** ya faru ne a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2003. Ahmed Makarfi na PDP ya kayar da wasu 'yan takara biyar ta hanyar jefa kuri'u 1,143,890, Suleiman Hunkuyi na ANPP ya kasance mai takara mafi kusa da kuri'u 668,446.

Ahmed Makarfi ya kayar da Samaila Yakawada da sauransu a Zaben fidda gwani na PDP don samun zaben jam'iyyar. Ya riƙe Stephen Rijo Shekari a matsayin abokin takararsa.

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Kaduna ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Sakamakon
Jimillar 'yan takara shida da suka yi rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta don yin takara a zaben. Dan takarar PDP ya lashe, ya doke Alh na ANPP. Suleiman Hunkuyi, da wasu 'yan takarar jam'iyya guda hudu.

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 2,620,999. Koyaya, kusan kashi 77.02% (watau 2,018,689) ne kawai na masu jefa kuri'a da aka yi rajista suka shiga cikin aikin.

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Katsina na 2003

**Zaben gwamna na Jihar Katsina na 2003** ya faru ne a ranar 19 ga Afrilu 2003. Dan takarar PDP Umaru Musa Yar'Adua ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke ANPP Nura Khalil da wasu 'yan takara 5.       

## Sakamakon
Umaru Musa Yar'Adua daga PDP ya lashe zaben.        'Yan takara 7 sun yi takara a zaben.1820

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a da aka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 2,567,245, jimlar kuri'un da aka jefa sun kai 1,721,067, kuri'un inganci sun kai 1,636,824 kuma kuri'un leken da aka ƙi sun kai 84,243.

* **[[Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]], ([[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]) - 892,340**
* Nura Khalil, ANPP- 742,582
* Amani Mohammed Bashir B. Y., PRP- 492
* Yakubu Sada Abubakar, NDP- 463
* Shehu Isa Kaita, MDJ-425
* Aminu Abdulmumini, UNPP- 346
* Mohammed Tajo Usman, NCP- 176

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Kogi na 2003

**Zaben gwamna na Jihar Kogi na 2003** ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2003. Dan takarar PDP Ibrahim Idris ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke Abubakar Audu na jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party . 

Ibrahim Idris ya fito a matsayin dan takarar PDP. Ya zaɓi Philips Ozovehe Salanu a matsayin abokin aikinsa. Abubakar Audu shi ne dan takarar ANPP tare da Patrick Adaba a matsayin abokin takararsa.

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Kogi ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Zaben fidda gwani

### PDP na farko
Ibrahim Idris ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na PDP. Ya zaɓi Philips Ozovehe Salanu a matsayin abokin aikinsa.

### ANPP na farko
Abubakar Audu ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na ANPP . Ya zaɓi Patrick Adaba a matsayin abokin aikinsa.

## Sakamakon
Adadin 'yan takara 9 da suka yi rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta don yin takara a zaben.

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,158,343. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 911,265, yayin da adadin kuri'un inganci ya kasance 878,857. Kotu da aka ƙi sun kasance 32,408.  

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na jihar Kebbi na 2003

**Zaben gwamna na jihar Kebbi na 2003** ya faru ne a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2003. Dan takarar ANPP Adamu Aliero ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke PDP Saidu Samaila Sambawa da wasu 'yan takara 2.

## Sakamakon
Adamu Aliero daga ANPP ya lashe zaben.     'Yan takara hudu sun yi takara a zaben.   

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a da aka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 1,343,549; jimlar kuri'un da aka jefa sun kai 886,324; kuri'un masu inganci sun kai 802,509; kuma kuri'un lekenye sun kai 83,815.

* **[[Adamu Aliero]], ([[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]]) - 502,903**
* Saidu Samaila Sambawa, PDP- 299,120
* Wali Ahmed, NDP- 252
* Kabiru Tanimu Turaki, UNPP- 234

## Manazarta
Zaben gwamna na Jihar Imo na 2003

**Zaben gwamna na Jihar Imo na 2003** ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2003. Dan takarar PDP Achike Udenwa ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke Ezekiel Izogu na APGA . 

Achike Udenwa ya fito a matsayin dan takarar PDP. Ya zaɓi Ebere Udeagu a matsayin abokin tserensa. Ezekiel Izogu shi ne dan takarar APGA tare da J. A. Iroegbu a matsayin abokin takararsa.

## Tsarin zabe
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Imo ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

## Zaben fidda gwani

### PDP na farko
Achike Udenwa ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na PDP. Ya zaɓi Ebere Udeagu a matsayin abokin tserensa.

### APGA na farko
Ezekiel Izogu ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na APGA. Ya zaɓi J. A. Iroegbu a matsayin abokin aikinsa.

## Sakamakon
Adadin 'yan takara 11 ne suka yi rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta don yin takara a zaben.

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,630,494.

## Manazarta
Matt Butcher (footballer)

**Matthew David Butcher** (an haife shi ranar 14 ga watan Mayu, 1997) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya na Wycombe Wanderers.
 

## Manazarta
Canjin Tarayyar Afirka

**Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka** (UAT) ƙaramar jam'iyyar siyasa ce a Afirka ta Kudu. An kafa shi a watan Nuwamba 2022 ta gungun mutane da suka balle daga Jam'iyyar National Congress (ANC). UAT ta ta'allaka ne akan Afirkanci, Pan-Africanism, da zamantakewa. Bayan babban zaben Afirka ta Kudu na 2024, shugaba Cyril Ramaphosa ya sanar da cewa UAT ta shiga gwamnatin hadin kan kasa (GNU). Duk da haka, UAT ta fice daga GNU bayan ba ta sami wani mukami a majalisar ministocin ba.

## Tarihi

### Samuwar
Wonder Mahlatsi, tsohon mamba kuma dan kasuwa ne ya kafa jam'iyyar. An ƙaddamar da jam'iyyar a watan Nuwamba 2022 a Johannesburg. An soki UAT saboda rashin aiwatar da manufofinta da kuma yadda take ganin dama ta balle daga ANC. Haka kuma wasu na nuna shakku kan salon shugabanci da kuma rashin fayyace irin yadda jam’iyyar ke tafiyar da harkokinta na harkokin kudi da yanke shawara.

Shiga Gwamnatin Hadin Kan Kasa

A cikin watan Yuni na 2024, shugaba Cyril Ramaphosa ya bayyana cewa UAT ta shiga gwamnatin hadin kan kasa (GNU), da aka kafa bayan da ANC ta rasa rinjayen majalisar a karon farko cikin shekaru 30.[8] GNU na da nufin hada jam'iyyun siyasa daban-daban don tabbatar da dorewar gwamnati inda babu wata jam'iyya da ke da cikakken rinjaye.

A watan Yulin 2024, Mahlatsi ya ce, "ya ba mu mamaki da jin shugaban jamhuriyar yana sanar da cewa UAT wani bangare ne na GNU," yana mai nuni da cewa ba a kammala ka'idojin shigar ta GNU ba har zuwa lokacin da shugaban kasar ya bayyana cewa ya shiga.

A cikin wannan sanarwa, Mahlatsi ya sanar da janyewar UAT daga GNU saboda zargin ficewa daga matakai masu mahimmanci da kuma tattaunawar rashin imani, bayan da ba ta sami mukaman ministoci ko mukamai na shugaba a cikin kwamitin majalisar ba. Ya nuna rashin jin dadinsa ga jam’iyyar ANC, yana mai jaddada bukatar gudanar da gudanar da adalci da hada kai.

### Tsarin halin yanzu da abun da ke ciki
UAT tana da kwamitin tsakiya karkashin jagorancin Mahlatsi a matsayin shugaban kasa, tare da babban sakatare da sauran masu rike da mukamai. Jam'iyyar dai tana da 'yar karamar jam'iyyar a wasu larduna, mafi yawan goyon bayanta na fitowa ne daga lardunan Gauteng da KwaZulu-Natal. UAT ba ta bayyana manufofin ketare ba amma ta nuna goyon baya ga hadin kan Afirka da hadin kai da sauran kasashen Afirka. Akidar UAT ta ta'allaka ne a kan Afirkanci, Afirka ta Tsakiya, da zamantakewa. Manufofinsa sun mayar da hankali kan ƙarfafa tattalin arziki, gyara ƙasa, da adalci na zamantakewa.

## Sakamakon zabe
UAT ta fafata a zaben kananan hukumomi a 2019 da na kasa a 2024. A babban zaben 2024, jam'iyyar ta lashe kujeru 1 a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa da kujera 1 a Majalisar Dokokin Lardin Limpopo.

## Manazarta