Adelaide Gaol

Tsohon gidan yarin **Adelaide Gaol** tsohon gidan yarin Ostiraliya ne da ke cikin Park Lands na Adelaide, a jihar Kudancin Ostiraliya. Gidan yarin shine gidan yarin dindindin na farko a Kudancin Ostiraliya kuma yana aiki daga shekara ta 1841 zuwa 1988.  yana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin gine-gine guda biyu da har yanzu suke a Kudancin Ostiraliya, ɗayan kuma shine Gidan Gwamnati wanda aka gina a lokaci guda. Gidan yarin yanzu gidan tarihi ne, wurin shakatawa na yawon buɗe ido da kuma cibiyar ayyuka.

## Asalin
Lokacin da 'yan mulkin mallaka na farko suka isa Kudancin Ostiraliya a ƙarshen 1836, duk wani fursunoni (da farko kaɗan ne) ana tsare da su a cikin ƙarfe a cikin jiragen ruwa na HMS  sannan . A farkon shekarar 1837, an gargaɗi jama'a cewa fursunonin da suka tsere daga New South Wales za su iya isa yankin, kuma a tsakiyar shekarar 1837 *Buffalo* da *Tam O'Shanter* suka yi tafiyarsu. Da suka fahimci buƙatar, an riga an kira tayin neman mafaka na "na ɗan lokaci". A halin yanzu, masu gadin gwamnan Royal Marines suna riƙe da fursunoni a sansaninsu a cikin Lambunan Botanic na yanzu, waɗanda aka ɗaure a kan itace.

Yayin da yawan jama'a ke ƙaruwa, an tilasta wa sojojin rufe sansanin wucin gadi, wanda aka gina a farkon 1838 kusa da Gidan Gwamnati, Adelaide (a lokacin bukka ce kawai) don sojojin ruwa su iya tsaron fursunoni da Gwamna John Hindmarsh. Wannan wani lamari ne na katako, tare da shingen katako, kodayake ɗaki ɗaya dutse ne, wanda ya zama sananne a matsayin 'tukunyar dutse'. Yana a kusurwar arewa maso gabas na Gidan Gwamnati na yanzu. A shekara ta 1838, sheriff na farko, Samuel Smart, ya ji rauni a lokacin fashi wanda ya kai ga ɗaya daga cikin masu laifin, Michael Magee, ya zama mutum na farko da aka rataye a Kudancin Ostiraliya a ranar 2 ga Mayu 1838. Lokacin da Gwamna Hindmarsh ya tafi, shi ma ya ɗauki dukkan sojojin ruwa nasa, don haka 'Yan sandan Kudancin Ostiraliya suka gudanar da sansanin wucin gadi (har zuwa lokacin da aka gina Gaol na Adelaide). An yanke wa fursunoni na dogon lokaci hukuncin jigilar su zuwa yankunan fursunoni na gabas, 'yan sanda suka raka su a jiragen ruwa tsakanin gabar teku. Duk da haka, sansanin ya cika da mutane, wani lokacin yana ɗauke da fursunoni har saba'in. Wasu sassan gidan yarin sun "lalace sosai har da ba don ginin da ke bayansa ba, da ya ruguje". A watan Yulin 1838, an ruwaito cewa fursunoni sun tsere cikin sauƙi saboda "bangarorin sun ruɓe kuma akwai gibi a cikin harsashin".

## Masu laifi
Har zuwa lokacin da Dokar Majalisa ta 1858 ta ba da umarnin a kashe mutane masu zaman kansu, an yi rataye mutane bakwai a bainar jama'a a wajen ƙofar shiga, inda na farko ya faru a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1840 yayin da ake ci gaba da gina wurin. Joseph Stagg shine fursuna na farko da aka kashe saboda hannunsa a cikin ƙungiyar masu satar shanu.[1] Daga 1861 zuwa 1883, an kashe fursunoni 13 a kan ginshiƙai masu ɗaukuwa da aka gina tsakanin bangon ciki da na waje na Gaol. An mayar da hukuncin kisa zuwa "Sabon Gini" a 1894 inda aka kashe wasu fursunoni 21. An mayar da "Hasumiyar Rataye" zuwa wannan amfani a 1950 kuma an yi amfani da shi don yanke hukunci sau huɗu na ƙarshe kafin a soke hukuncin kisa a 1976. Daga shekarar 1840 zuwa 1964, an kashe mutane 45 daga cikin mutane 66 da aka kashe a Kudancin Ostiraliya ta hanyar ratayewa a Gaol.[2] William Ridgway shi ne mafi ƙanƙanta a lokacin yana da shekaru 19 a 1874, Elizabeth Woolcock ita ce kaɗai mace a 1873 kuma ta ƙarshe ita ce Glen Sabre Valance a 1964.[3]

## Manazarta