Ƙungiyar Larabawa ta Maghreb

**Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Magrib** (Larabci| إتحاد المغرب العربي *Tarjama|Ittiḥād al-Maghrib al-‘Arabī* ; **AMU** / **UMA**) ƙungiyar siyasa ce da yarjejeniyar kasuwanci ta tattalin arziki da ke da nufin samar da haɗin kan tattalin arziki da na gaba na siyasa a tsakanin ƙasashen Larabawa waɗanda ke da farko a cikin Maghreb a Arewacin Afirka . Mambobinta su ne kasashen Aljeriya, Libya, Mauritania, Maroko da Tunisiya .  Kungiyar ta kasa samun ci gaba mai ma'ana kan manufofinta, sakamakon rashin jituwar tattalin arziki da siyasa da ke tsakanin Morocco da Aljeriya dangane da batun yammacin Sahara .  Babu wani babban taro da aka yi tun ranar 3 ga Yuli 2008,  kuma masu sharhi suna ɗaukar Ƙungiyar a matsayin mafi yawan barci.   

## Halitta
Tunanin kafa tarayyar tattalin arziki na Maghreb ya fara ne da 'yancin kai na Tunisiya da Maroko a shekara ta 1956. Sai bayan shekaru talatin, ko da yake, ƙasashe biyar na Maghreb—Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, da Tunisia—sun hadu a taron Maghreb na farko a 1988.  An kafa kungiyar ne a ranar 17 ga Fabrairun 1989 lokacin da kasashe mambobin kungiyar suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar a Marrakech .   A cewar dokar kundin tsarin mulkin, manufarta ita ce tabbatar da haɗin gwiwa "tare da irin wannan cibiyoyin yanki... [don] shiga cikin inganta tattaunawar kasa da kasa... [don] ƙarfafa 'yancin kai na ƙasashe mambobi da... [don] kare... kadarorinsu." Dabarun da suka dace da yankin ya dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa, tare, yana da tarin phosphate, mai, da iskar gas, kuma cibiyar zirga-zirga ce zuwa kudancin Turai. Nasarar Ƙungiyar za ta kasance, saboda haka, tana da mahimmancin tattalin arziki. 

## Ƙungiya
Akwai shugabancin karba-karba a cikin AMU wanda kowace al'umma ke gudanar da ita. Sakatare-Janar na yanzu shine Taïeb Baccouche dan Tunisiya.

## Membobi
A lokacin zama na 16 na Ministocin Harkokin Wajen AMU, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1994 a Algiers, Masar ta nemi shiga ƙungiyar AMU.

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## Tattalin Arziki
Tattalin arzikin AMU ya haɗu da tattalin arzikin ƙasashe huɗu cikin biyar. Duk ƙasashe galibin ƙasashen Larabawa ne da na musulmi. Hudu daga cikin ƙasashe biyar na AMU suna da jimillar GDP (a lokacin siyan ikon siye ; PPP) na dalar Amurka tiriliyan 1.5276. da ta fi kowace ƙasa arziki bisa GDP na kowane mutum a PPP ita ce Aljeriya . Dangane da GDP na kowane mutum (na ƙima), Libya ita ce ƙasa mafi arziki, tare da samun kuɗin shiga sama da dalar Amurka 65.803 ga kowane mutum.

## Ayyuka
An sami matsalolin hamayyar gargajiya a cikin AMU. Alal misali, a cikin 1994, Aljeriya ta yanke shawarar canja shugabancin AMU zuwa Libya. Hakan ya biyo bayan takun sakar diflomasiyya tsakanin Aljeriya da sauran kasashe, musamman Maroko da Libya, wadanda shugabanninsu suka ki halartar tarukan AMU da aka gudanar a Algiers. Jami'an Aljeriya sun ba da hujjar yanke wannan hukunci, suna masu cewa suna bin dokar kundin tsarin mulki ta AMU ne kawai, wadda ta tanadi cewa lallai shugaban kasa ya kamata a rika karba-karba a kowace shekara. A shekara ta 1994 ne Aljeriya ta amince ta karbi ragamar shugabancin kasar daga Tunisiya, amma ta kasa mika mulki saboda rashin cika dukkan sharuddan da ake bukata na yin murabus daga shugabancin kasar kamar yadda kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanada.

Bayan sanarwar da aka yanke na mika shugabancin kungiyar, shugaban Libya Muammar Gaddafi, ya bayyana cewa lokaci ya yi da za a sanya kungiyar a cikin injin daskarewa.  Hakan ya sanya ayar tambaya game da matsayin kasar Libya kan Tarayyar. Damuwar ita ce, Libya za ta yi mummunan tasiri kan yadda za ta jagoranci kungiyar. 

Haka kuma, adawar gargajiya tsakanin Maroko da Aljeriya, da batun yancin kai na yammacin Sahara da ba a warware ba, sun hana tarurrukan kungiyar tun farkon shekarun 1990 duk da yunkurin sake kaddamar da harkokin siyasa. Yammacin Sahara, tsohuwar mulkin mallaka na Spain da Maroko da Mauritania suka mamaye, ta ayyana 'yancin kai a matsayin Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Larabawa ta Sahrawi . Babban taron na baya bayan nan da aka yi a tsakiyar shekara ta 2005, ya ci tura sakamakon kin ganawa da Maroko, saboda nuna goyon bayan da Aljeriya ke yi na samun ‘yancin kai na Sahrawi. Aljeriya na ci gaba da goyon bayan yunkurin 'yantar da kungiyar Polisario . 

An yi ƙoƙari da yawa, musamman daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, don warware matsalar Yammacin Sahara. A tsakiyar 2003, Babban Sakataren Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na sirri, James Baker, ya ba da shawarar shirin sasantawa, wanda kuma ake kira Shirin Baker II . Maroko ta ki amincewa da shawarar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kuma Jamhuriyar Demokradiyar Larabawa Sahrawi ta amince da ita. Dangane da yunkurin da kasashen biyu suka yi, kadan ne aka cimma, yayin da kasar Maroko ke ci gaba da kin amincewa da duk wani rangwame da zai ba da damar 'yancin kan yankin yammacin Sahara, yayin da Aljeriya ke ci gaba da nuna goyon baya ga 'yan Sahrawi. 

Kazalika, takaddamar da ke tsakanin Libya Gaddafi da Mauritaniya, bai sa aikin sake farfado da kungiyar cikin sauki ba. Mauritaniya ta zargi hukumar leken asirin Libya da hannu a yunkurin juyin mulkin da aka yi wa shugaba Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya a shekara ta 2003 . Libya dai ta musanta dukkan zargin.  

A cikin 2023, aikin kuɗi ɗaya a yankin ya kasance mai yuwuwar fasaha amma ba zai yuwu a siyasance ba. 

A cikin Afrilu 2024, Aljeriya, Tunisiya, da Libya sun tattauna batun kafa sabuwar ƙungiyar Arewacin Afirka, wanda ya kamata ya maye gurbin Ƙungiyar Maghrib ta Larabawa, wanda suke ganin "marasa aiki", ba tare da Maroko, da Mauritania ba. An yanke shawarar cewa, za a samar da kungiyoyin aiki na hadin gwiwa, don daidaita kokarin tabbatar da tsaron kan iyakokin kasashen biyu, ta fuskar yin hijira ba bisa ka'ida ba, da kuma kafa manyan ayyukan zuba jari na hadin gwiwa, kan noman hatsi, da kuma kawar da ruwan teku, ta fuskar sauyin yanayi, da zirga-zirgar kayayyaki da jama'a cikin 'yanci a tsakanin kasashen uku. 

A watan Nuwamban shekarar 2024, shugaban kasar Aljeriya Abdelmadjid Tebboune ya gayyaci Kais Saied, shugaban kasar Tunisia, Mohamed Ould Ghazouani, shugaban kasar Mauritania, Mohamed al-Menfi, shugaban majalisar shugaban kasar Libya, da Ibrahim Ghali, shugaban kasar Sahrawi, domin halartar bikin cika shekaru 70 da barkewar 1 ga watan Nuwamba . Ana kallon wannan taron a matsayin farkon sabuwar ƙungiyar tare da rashin halartar Maroko da Mauritania.

Ana gudanar da taron koli na uku tsakanin Tunisia, Libya, da Aljeriya a birnin Tripoli  a watan Janairun 2025. 

## Magana

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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* Maghreb Arab Online
* https://archive.uneca.org/oria/pages/amu-arab-maghreb-union
* https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/1994/055/article-A001-en.xml