Ukraniya

**Ukraniya** ko **Yukuren** (da harshen Ukraniya **Україна**; da kuma harsunan Turanci da Faransanci **Ukraine**) ƙasa ce dake a Nahiyar Turai. Babban birnin ƙasar Ukraniya shi ne Kiev. Ukraniya tana fadin kasa kimanin kilomita dubu dari shida da uku da dari biyar da arba'in da tara (). Ukraniya tana da yawan jama'ar da suka kai milyan arba'in da hudu da dari tara da tamanin da uku da goma sha tara (), bisa ga kidayar da aka yi a shekarar 2019. Ukraniya tana da iyaka da ƙasashen bakwai: Rasha a Arewa da Arewa maso Gabas, Belarus a Arewa, Poland a Arewa maso Yamma, Slofakiya da Hungariya a Yamma, Romainiya da Moldufiniya a Kudu maso Gabas. Ukraniya ta samu yancin kanta a shekara ta 1991. 

Daga shekara ta 2019, shugaban ƙasar Ukraniya shi ne Volodymyr Zelensky. Firaministan ƙasar Ukraniya kuwa shi ne Denys Chmyhal  daga shekara ta 2020.

## Tarihi
### Tsakanin Zamani
A cikin karni na 7-9th, kabilun Slavic na Gabas sun zauna a nan, wadanda kuma suka yi hijira daga yankin Ukraine na zamani zuwa yammacin Rasha na zamani. A tsakiyar zamanai, ƙasashen biyu sun kasance ɓangare na ƙasa ɗaya, babban birnin wanda shine Kyiv.A cikin karni na 12, Kievan Rus ya fara tarwatse a cikin manyan hukumomi daban-daban. A cikin karni na 12, Yuri Drohoruky, ɗan 6th na Kiev yarima Volodymyr Monomakh, bai yi da'awar kursiyin ba, don haka ya tashi ya mamaye ƙasashe a arewa maso gabas.

Don haka, a tsakiyar karni na 12, kabilun Slavic sun sami kansu a cikin ƙasashen tsakiyar Rasha. Kafin isowarsu, ƙabilun da ke kusa da Finn na zamani sun zauna a yankin Moscow, wanda Dolgoruky ya kafa a matsayin ƙaramin yanki. Yaƙi ya barke tsakanin Masarautar Vladimir-Suzdal (Rus ta Tsakiya) da Kyiv, wanda ya kai ga rabuwar Moscow da Kyivan Rus' ।

Bayan da Batu ya mamaye a 1240, shugaban na arewa principalities, Alexander Nevsky, ya zama Batu ta renon ɗa, da kuma Alexander shiga cikin yaki a gefen Horde kai ga dansa Daniil mai shekaru 16 ya zama sarki na farko na Moscow, wanda ya haifar da ci gaban Rasha ta zamani. Wani babban birni na zamanin da a cikin Rasha na zamani shine Veliky Novgorod, wanda kullum yana yaƙi da Moscow kuma Moscow ta ci nasara a cikin 1478 kawai.

Mutanen Ukrainian da Belarushiyanci na gaba a ƙarshe sun rabu da Russia na gaba a cikin karni na 14, sun zama wani ɓangare na Grand Duchy na Lithuania (har zuwa karni na 18, waɗannan mutanen biyu sun kasance kusa, kuma kalmomin Ukrainian da Belarushiyanci har ma yanzu sun zo daidai da 84%).A karshen karni na 15, Golden Horde ya tarwatsa zuwa cikin Crimean Khanate, Astrakhan da Kazan Khanates, da kuma Muscovite jihar, wanda ya ci gaba da yaƙe-yaƙe na ta'addanci ga tsoffin abokanta da makwabta, da farko a kan Grand Duchy na Lithuania. An yi yaƙe-yaƙe na birnin Smolensk akai-akai. Mutanen Rasha sun fito ne daga kabilun Slavic na Gabas kuma suka kafa wata kasa ta daban a lokacin mulkin Muscovite a karni na 15-17. A lokacin ne hanyoyin Ukraine da Rasha suka rabu.
### Sabon Zamani

A cikin karni na 15 da 16, an kafa tushe da fitattun mutanen Ukrainian - Zaporizhian Cossacks, mayaƙan da suka kare al'umma daga hare-haren da makwabta. Mutanen Rasha na zamani sun zo Ukraine ne a karni na 17, kuma a lokacin gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai na Ukraine da juriya ga mamayewar Poland karkashin jagorancin Bohdan Khmelnytsky, an sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da Rasha a shekara ta 1654.

Ba a ƙidaya 'yan Ukrain a cikin 'yan ƙasa a hukumance ba kuma ana aika su akai-akai, duka Cossacks da manoma, don tilasta yin aiki a cikin Rasha, wanda hakan ya saba wa yarjejeniyar 1654. ('Yan Ukrain 10,000 sun mutu daga yanayin rashin tsabta yayin ginin Canal Ladoga).

Wannan ya haifar da boren Hetman Ivan Mazepa a shekara ta 1708, wanda ya yanke dangantaka da Rasha kuma yana so ya shiga ƙarƙashin kariyar Sweden.

A cikin 1775, Rasha ta lalata Ukrainian Cossacks da sansaninsu, Sich, wanda ya haifar da bautar da jama'a na Ukrainian da tsarin Russification - lalatar da harshen Ukrainian da al'ada.

Misalai mafi ban mamaki na irin waɗannan manufofin sune Dokar Ems (Эмский указ) da dokar Minista Pyotr Valuev (Валуевский циркуляр), wanda ya haramta wa Ukrainiyawa amfani da harshensu na asali.
### Karni na 20
1914 Emperor Nicholas II ya hana bikin cika shekaru 100 na haifuwar fitaccen marubucin Ukrainian Taras Shevchenko a cikin Daular Rasha.

A farkon shekara ta 1917 juyin juya halin watan Fabrairu karkashin jagorancin Alexander Kerchsky ya hambarar da mulkin masarautu ya mai da kasar Rasha jamhuriya, wanda ya baiwa al'ummomin da aka zalunta a baya damar yin fafutukar kwato 'yancinsu .

Bayan hawansa mulki, Lenin ya shelanta yakin basasa a tsohuwar daular Rasha, wanda ya hada da yakin 1917-1921 tsakanin Ukraine da Soviet Rasha, wanda ya kai ga raba Ukraine tsakanin Poland da Rasha (daga 1922, Tarayyar Soviet).

A cikin 1932-1933, gwamnatin Soviet karkashin Joseph Stalin ta gabatar da Holodomor (yunwa), wanda yawancin ƙasashe a duniya suka amince da kisan kare dangi na mutanen Ukrainian, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar kusan mutane miliyan 10.

A cikin 1937, NKVD (daga baya aka sake masa suna Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida ta Tarayyar Soviet) ta harbe mafi yawan masu hankali, al'adu da kimiyya na Ukrainian, kuma a asirce sun binne gawarwakin su a cikin dajin Bykivnyan, inda aka gina wani abin tunawa bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet .

A cikin 1941-1945, Nazis sun mamaye ƙasar gaba ɗaya, kuma kowane 5th farar hula Ukrainian ya mutu.

A cikin 1960s-1980s, gwamnatin Soviet ta aiwatar da danniya a kan 'yan adawa, ta tura su gidajen yari tare da sanya su a asibitocin tabin hankali, shahararren ɗan adawa daga Ukraine shine Vasyl Stus  .

A cikin 1985-1991, Tarayyar Soviet ta rushe, kuma a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 1991, Ukraine ta ayyana 'yancin kai.

### Karni na 21
Bayan wa'adi na uku na Vladimir Putin, wanda ya hau kan karagar mulki a shekara ta 2012, Rasha ta fara aiwatar da mugunyar murkushe 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki, lamarin da ya fi daukar hankali shi ne wani yaro dan birnin Ufa da aka tura gidan yarin da ake tsare da yara kanana saboda yunkurin lalata fadar Kremlin a wani wasan kwamfuta.Bugu da kari, jim kadan bayan hawansa karagar mulki, ya fara tattara sojoji a kusa da kan iyaka da gabashin Ukraine tare da kaddamar da wani gagarumin yakin neman bayanai kan kasar.

Don ci gaba da rike madafun iko, shugaban kasar Ukraine na lokacin Viktor Yanukovych ya bukaci Putin da ya aika da sojoji tare da mamaye kasar Ukraine, bayan da ya fara kwance damarar iyakar kasar a shekarar 2013, lamarin da ya haifar da zanga-zangar da aka fi sani da Euromaidan.

A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 2014, yayin da Yanukovych ke Kyiv, Rasha ta fara aikin mamaye Crimea a kudancin Ukraine, sannan ta ba da tsaro ga Yanukovych a cikin jirginsa. A ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 2014, Rasha ta fara yaƙi a gabashin Ukraine lokacin da dakarun da ke karkashin jagorancin jami'in Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Tarayya ta Rasha na Rasha Igor Girkin suka mamaye birnin Sloviansk. A ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 2014, Ukraine ta kaddamar da aikin yaki da ta'addanci  .

Har zuwa 2022, Rasha, ta hanyar 'yar tsana "Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Donetsk", ta kaddamar da yakin basasa da Ukraniya, wanda a shekarar 2022 ya rikide zuwa yakin basasa. A shekarar 2022, an gudanar da zanga-zangar adawa da yaki da dama a duk fadin kasar Rasha, wadanda jami'an tsaro suka dakile  ..A Ukraniya, Rasha na aikata munanan laifukan yaki, kamar harba wuraren da jama'a ke zaune, da lalata gaba daya garuruwa irin su Mariupol, da kuma azabtar da fararen hula saboda ra'ayinsu na goyon bayan Ukraniya, ciki har da azabtarwa a cikin ginshiki na gine-ginen da aka mamaye a Kherson. Babban laifi kan fararen hula a Ukraine shine harbin da aka yi a Bucha, wanda aka yi a watan Maris 2022..

Masanin kimiyyar siyasa na Rasha Timofey Sergeytsev, a cikin labarinsa mai suna "Abin da Ya Kamata Rasha Ta Yi da Ukraine," () ya yi kira ga kashe-kashen jama'a. Amurka Timothy Snyder ya kira "littafin Rasha game da kisan kare dangi.   ."

## Hotuna

File:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|Tutar kasar 
File:The water transfer.jpg|Al'ada a ƙasar Ukraniya, diban ruwa domin kaiwa wani gui mai nisan gaske a wani gari da'ake kira da Kiev
File:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%97%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80.jpg|Daya daga cikin temples na Kiev
File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8,_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8.jpg|Babban birnin Cherkasy
File:Фортечні вали.jpg|Kagara Saint Elizabeth,  Kropyvnytskyi birni
File:Украина, Одесса - Оперный театр 04.jpg|Tarihi cibiyar Odesa
File:Будинок держпромисловості, Харків DJI 0068.jpg|c)Cibiyar Kharkiv
File:Volodymyr Zelenskyy took part in hoisting the State Flag of Ukraine in liberated Kherson. (52501582571).jpg|Tsakiyar Kherson
File:Nuzp-photo(2020)-001.jpg|Birnin Zaporizhya
File:Bank of the Dnieper River in the Obolon area. Kiev, Ukraine.jpg|Manyan gine gine, wani babban bankin kasar ukrainiya wanda ke kusa da ruwa


## Birnin, tare da yawan mutane fiye da 1000000
*Kyiv 
*Kharkiv 
*Lviv 
*Odessa

## Manazarta