open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Teresa Bellanova

**Teresa Bellanova** (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga Agusta 1958) 'yar siyasa ce ta Italiya, 'yar ƙungiyar kwadago kuma tsohuwar ma'aikaciyar gona, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Noma daga Satumba 2019 zuwa Janairu 2021 a gwamnatin Giuseppe Conte .  A shekarar 2018, an zaɓe ta a Majalisar Dattawan Italiya don Jam'iyyar Democrat (PD),  amma a shekarar 2019 ta shiga Italia Viva (IV), sabuwar ƙungiyar Matteo Renzi .  Bellanova kuma memba ce a Majalisar Wakilai ta Italiya daga 2006 zuwa 2018. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa

### Ma'aikacin noma kuma ɗan ƙungiyar kwadago
An haifi Teresa Bellanova kusa da Brindisi, Apulia a shekarar 1958. Tana da shekaru 15 kacal, ta fara aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar noma sannan daga baya ta shiga ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta hagu CGIL, tana aiki a matsayin mai kula da yanki na *Federbraccianti* .  Ta yi aiki a kudu maso gabashin Bari sannan ta ƙaura zuwa lardin Lecce, don yaƙi da *caporalato*, tsarin da ke kula da ƙungiyoyin ƴan daba inda ake ɗaukar mutane, galibi baƙi, ba bisa ƙa'ida ba don aikin gona ba tare da albashi ko babu albashi ba kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayi kamar bauta. 

A shekarar 1988, an zaɓe ta a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Lardin FLAI (Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Masana'antu da Masana'antu) a Lecce. A shekarar 1996 ta zama Sakatare Janar na FILTEA (Ƙungiyar Tufafin Takalma ta Italiya), mukamin da ta riƙe har zuwa shekarar 2000, lokacin da ta shiga Sakatariyar Ƙasa ta FILTEA tare da alhakin manufofin Kudancin Italiya, manufofin masana'antu, kasuwar aiki da horar da ƙwararru.

### Aikin siyasa
A shekara ta 2005, an zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na Majalisar 'Yan Democrat ta Ƙasa ta hagu . A ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 2006, an zaɓe ta a karon farko a Majalisar Wakilai a gwamnatin Romano Prodi ta hagu ta tsakiya. [1] A shekara mai zuwa, ta kasance memba ta farko da ta kafa Jam'iyyar Democrat, kuma ta sake zaɓe ta a Majalisar Wakilai a karo na biyu a zaɓen 2008. Daga ranar 21 ga Mayu, 2008, ta kasance memba na Hukumar Ayyukan Jama'a da na Masu Zaman Kansu. [2]

An sake zaɓen Bellanova a babban zaɓen 2013. A ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 2014 aka naɗa ta mataimakiyar sakatariya ta harkokin manufofin kwadago a gwamnatin Matteo Renzi . A ranar 29 ga Janairu, 2016 aka naɗa ta mataimakiyar ministan ci gaban tattalin arziki, matsayin da ta riƙe a gwamnatocin Renzi da Paolo Gentiloni . A babban zaɓen 2018, wanda ya kasance cike da nuna ƙarfi na jam'iyyun da ke da ra'ayin jama'a, an zaɓe ta a Majalisar Dattawan Italiya a karon farko, tana takara a mazabar Emilia-Romagna mai mambobi da yawa. 

## Manazarta
Harshe na Miyakubo

**Harshen Alamar Miyakubo** ( Japanese   ) wanda aka fi sani da **Harshen Kurame na Ehime-Oshima**, yaren ƙauye ne na Tsibirin Ōshima a yammacin Tekun Cikin Tekun Japan . A garin Miyakubo da ke tsibirin, akwai yawan kamuwa da kurame na haihuwa. Iyalai uku galibi kurame ne, tare da kurame 20 da ke raye (kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2018), kuma a cikin ɗayansu duk 'yan uwa kurame ne kuma sun kasance aƙalla tsararraki uku. Waɗannan su ne tushen masu magana da yaren, kodayake akwai kurame na wasu iyalai waɗanda ke jin sa. Akwai kuma maƙwabta kusan 50 masu ji da abokan aikin kurame (musamman a masana'antar kamun kifi) waɗanda suka san yaren. Yara da yawa masu ji suna ɗaukar sa daga abokan aji kurame a makarantar renon yara. Saboda Yaren Jafananci mai Sa hannu maimakon Yaren Kurame na Japan (JSL) ya daɗe yana mamaye ilimin kurame a Japan, an kare Miyakubo Sign daga tasirin JSL har zuwa farkon shekarun 2000. Buɗe hanyar Nishiseto Expressway a shekarar 1999 ya kuma buɗe wa al'umma damar samun ƙarin tasiri daga waje kuma ya rage matakin hulɗa tsakanin kurame da ji. A halin yanzu, ƙananan tsararraki (waɗanda aka haifa tun shekarun 1980) suna da harsuna biyu, amma suna amfani da Miyakubo Sign kawai ga tsofaffi, waɗanda ba su fahimci JSL ba. A tsakaninsu, suna iya haɗa Miyakubo Sign da JSL ko kuma amfani da JSL kawai.

## Manazarta
Harshen Kurame na Dutsen Avejaha

**Harshen Kurame na [[Mount Avejaha|Dutsen Avejaha]]** yaren kurame ne na ƙauyen Papua New Guinea . Ana magana da shi a wani kauye mai nisa tare da yara kurame da yawa a gindin Dutsen Avejaha, a Lardin Oro. Ya bambanta da sauran yarukan kurame na ƙauye a New Guinea. Kurame suna da alaƙa da al'umma.

## Manazarta
Old Cayman Sign Language

**Tsohon [[Deaf sign language|Harshen kurame]] na Cayman** shine, ko kuma ya kasance, yaren kurma na Grand Cayman a cikin Tsibirin Cayman. Yana iya kasancewa da alaƙa da Harshen Kurame na Providencia . 

## Manazarta
Maria Chiara Acciarini

**Maria Chiara Acciarini** (an haife ta 1 Oktoba 1943) yar siyasa ce ta Italiya.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Acciarini a Torre Pellice a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1943. Tare da digiri a fannin tattalin arziki da adabi, ta kasance malamar fannoni na shari'a da tattalin arziki kuma shugabar makaranta a wata makarantar sakandare. Daga 1988 zuwa 1990, ta kasance wani ɓangare na sakatariyar Makarantar CGIL da ke Turin . Daga baya, ta fara aikinta a matsayin marubuciya, tana rubuta littattafai kan tsarin ilimi da tarihin iyali. Jikar Filippo Acciarini, ɗan jarida mai ra'ayin gurguzu wanda ya mutu a Mauthausen a ranar 2 ga Maris, 1945, ta sadaukar da kanta ga nazarin korar mutane zuwa sansanonin Nazi; memba ce a Hukumar Daraktoci ta Gidauniyar Tunawa da Korar 'Yan Gudun Hijira da kuma Kwamitin Kimiyya na Fasaha na Shugabancin Majalisar Ministoci don cimma sabuwar hanyar baje kolin Italiya a Auschwitz. Daga 2019, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Kwamitin Ƙasa don bikin cika shekaru 100 na haihuwar Bianca Guidetti Serra (Janairu 2019 - Janairu 2022). Ya zuwa watan Oktoba na 2021, ita memba ce a Hukumar Gudanarwa ta Jami'ar Turin.

### Harkokin siyasa
Daga shekarar 1993 zuwa 1996 an zaɓe ta a matsayin kansila a babban birnin Piedmontese, inda take zaune.

Tsohon mai gabatar da Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Hagu, tana daga cikin wadanda suka kafa "Emily in Italia", wata kungiya da ke da niyyar karfafa mata shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a. Ta kasance shugabar kasa ta kungiyar "Animal Life" ta DS kuma an zabe ta mataimaki a 1996 kuma sanata a 2001.

Daga 18 ga Mayu 2006 zuwa 8 ga Mayu 2008, ta yi aiki a gwamnatin Prodi ta biyu a matsayin mataimakiyar sakatare a Ma'aikatar Iyali. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2007, ta bar DS bayan taron na IV kuma ta shiga Democratic Left, wanda a shekara ta 2009 ya haɗu da Left Ecology Freedom .

A cikin zaɓen siyasa na 2013, ta yi takarar Majalisar Dattijai tare da Sel a Piedmont,  amma ba a zabe ta ba.

Tun daga shekara ta 2017, ta kasance memba na Hagu na Italiya, kuma tana cikin sakatariyar yanki na jam'iyyar a Piedmont.

## Rubuce-rubuce

* (wanda Maria Chiara Acciarini ta shirya), Filippo Acciarini, Tarihin rayuwar ɗan gurguzu, daga Turin zuwa Mauthausen, Roma, Silva Publisher, 1970.
* Chiara Acciarini et al. Jami'o'i da bincike, makaranta, manufofin matasa. Roma, Hagu da muhalli da 'yanci, 2012.
* Maria Chiara Acciarini, Alba Sasso, Na farko, makarantar, gabatarwa ta Tullio De Mauro, Milan, Melampo, 2006.
* Onorato Castellino, Maria Chiara Acciarini, Duniya ta tattalin arziki: ra'ayoyi da hujjoji - hanyar tattalin arzikin siyasa don makarantun sakandare, Turin, Lattes, 1989.
* Maria Chiara Acciarini, Labarin Guglielminettis . [Hasiya]
* Maria Chiara Acciarini, Alba Sasso, More makaranta, ga kowa da kowa, Turin, Abele Group Editions, 2019.

## Manazarta
Harshen Kurame na Tsibirin Rossel

**Harshen Kurame na [[Rossel Island|Tsibirin Rossel]]** yaren kurame ne na ƙauyen Rossel Island, Papua New Guinea wanda Stephen Levinson ya ruwaito. Ya ba da rahoton cewa,

: *A tsibirin Rossel akwai ... wani sashi na kurma na gado, inda iyalai da yawa suna da ƙarni uku ko fiye da kurame. Ba wai kawai waɗannan mutane ba, har ma da masu sauraro na iyali da kuma duk membobin ƙauyukan da suke zaune sun haɓaka yaren kurame don ingantaccen sadarwa. Wannan tsarin ... ya kasance don a bincika shi ta hanyar kimiyya. Binciken da na yi na farko game da irin wannan iyali tare da yara masu girma guda uku ya nuna cewa tsarin alamar yana iya isar da saƙonni marasa ma'ana; alal misali, game da abubuwan da suka faru a nan gaba, abubuwan da aka shaida a baya, ko fatan da sha'awa a yanzu. Ta hanyar tsarin alamun da aka haɓaka, kurame na wannan iyali cikakkun mambobi ne na al'ummar ƙauyen. Biyu daga cikinsu sun yi aure a hanyar gargajiya, wanda ya haɗa da musayar kuɗi mai rikitarwa tsakanin dangi, kuma suna da yara, wasu daga cikinsu kurame ne, don haka tsarin alamar zai sami amfani a nan gaba, kuma a zahiri wani sashi ne na al'adun al'adu a cikin yin.*

## Manazarta
Dolores Abbiati

**Dolores Abbiati Greco Casotti** (Brescia, Maris 17, 1927 — Brescia, Yuni 11, 2001  ) 'yar siyasa ce ta Italiya, mai rajin kare haƙƙin 'yan kasuwa kuma mai goyon bayan jam'iyya . An zaɓe ta a Majalisar Dokoki na wa'adi uku: da farko zuwa Majalisar Dattawa sannan sau biyu zuwa Majalisar Wakilai .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Mahaifinta, , yana cikin waɗanda suka kafa Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Italiya .  A shekara ta 1927, an kama shi aka kai shi Lipari, inda daga baya matarsa Antonia Oscar, wacce aka yi wa lakabi da *Ninì*, babban ɗansu Franco, da jaririyarsu Dolores suka haɗu da shi.

Iyalan Abbiati sun koma Arewacin Italiya a shekarar 1933. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1937, an sake kama su aka kuma tura su da farko zuwa Ponza sannan zuwa Tremiti . A shekarar 1943, Franco da Dolores Abbiati sun ƙaura zuwa Val d'Ossola don shiga ƙungiyar Resistance . A wannan lokacin, Dolores ya yi aiki a matsayin mai aika saƙo ga rundunar sojojin Garibaldi a ƙarƙashin sunan lambar Lola, yayin da aka ba Franco lambar tagulla don Jarumin Soja.

Bayan yaƙin, Dolores Abbiati ta shiga ƙungiyoyin matasa na gurguzu kuma daga 1960 zuwa 1966, ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar ƙungiyar yadi ta CGIL . A babban zaɓen 1968, an zaɓe ta zuwa Majalisar Dattawa, yayin da a zaɓen 1972 da 1976, aka zaɓe ta a Majalisar Wakilai . 

## Manazarta
Harshen sinasina

**Harshen Kurame na Sinasia** (SSSL) yaren kurame ne na ƙauyen Sinasina a Lardin Chimbu, Papua New Guinea . Kimanin kurame 3 da masu ji 50 suna amfani da wannan yaren, gami da membobin al'ummar Kere. Masanin harshe Samantha Rarrick ne ya fara saduwa da SSSL kuma ya ruwaito shi a cikin 2016. Ana ci gaba da yin kokar da takardu.

Harshen Kurame na Sinasina na iya samun kamanceceniya da wani yaren kurame na ƙauye a yankin, Harshen Kurame na Kailge,  amma har yanzu ba a kafa alaƙar kwayoyin halitta ba. 

## Duba kuma

* Harshen Sinasina

## Manazarta
Harshen Kurame na Kogin Sandy

Harshen Alamar Kogin Sandy wani yaren alamun ƙauye ne na ƙarni na 19 na Kogin Sandy a Maine . Tare da sanannen Martha's Vineyard Sign Language da Henniker Sign Language, yana ɗaya daga cikin harsuna uku na gida waɗanda suka zama tushen Harshen Kurame na Amurka.

l'ummomin kurame a kwarin sun bunkasa a wasu kauyuka talatin da mazauna daga Martha's Vineyard suka kafa. Koyaya, ba a bayyana ko an watsa MVSL kanta ba, ko kuma idan sarkar ta karye kuma an halicci sabon yaren kurame da zarar an kafa yawan kurame.

## Manazarta
Harshen Kurame na Kudancin Rupununi

**Harshen Kurame na Kudancin Rupununi** yare ne na ƙauyen ƙauye wanda aka yi amfani da shi aƙalla ƙauyuka bakwai na Wapishana tare da babban matakin kurma. Ƙauyukan suna kudu da garin Guyana" id="mwCA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lethem, Guyana">Lethem a cikin Rupununi savannah na Guyana da Brazil.

## Manazarta
Grégoire Maertens

**Grégoire Maertens** (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1924) ɗan Esperantist ne na Belgium wanda ya kasance memba na Estraro (kwamitin jagora) na UEA (Universala Esperanto-Asocio ko Ƙungiyar Esperanto ta Duniya) daga 1977 har zuwa 1992. Daga 1980 har zuwa 1986, ya kasance shugaban UEA,  kuma memba ne na girmamawa daga 1993 zuwa gaba.

An haifi Maertens a Bruges, West Flanders, inda ya zama mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar Esperanto ta gida a Bruges tun daga 1946 kuma ya zama memba na BEF (*[[Belga Esperanto-Federacio]]* ko Belgian Esperanto Federation).  Ya kasance malami a AIS (Akademio Internacia de la Sciencoj ko Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Duniya) a San Marino, inda ya kasance mai ba da kuɗi daga 1992 har zuwa 1995.

Ya cika shekaru 100 a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2024. A wannan lokacin, ya sami wasikar taya murna daga George Soros, wanda Maertens ya taimaka ya koma Ingila jim kadan bayan sun hadu a taron matasa na Esperanto na Duniya na 1947 a Bern.

## Manazarta
Jules Meysmans

**Jules Meysmans** (14 ga Mayu 1870 - 1943) ya kasance ɗan littafin rubutu na Belgium kuma masanin harshe, wanda aka fi sani da ƙirƙirar kalmar *Interlinguistics* . Meysmans ya kirkiro tsarin taƙaitaccen kansa, ɗaya daga cikin sauye-sauye da yawa da ya yi game da tsarin da ke akwai. Wanda ya kafa wata cibiyar rubutu, ya kasance mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar harshe ta duniya, yana tallafawa ayyuka daban-daban a duk rayuwarsa, gami da Volapük, Esperanto, Idiom Neutral, da Occidental.

## Ayyuka

An haifi Meysmans a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1870  ga Pierre-Charles Meysmans da ke Jodoigne, Belgium . Ayyukan mahaifinsa a matsayin mai binciken cadastre ya jagoranci iyalin su sauya sau da yawa. Yayansa, , daga baya zai zama ɗan siyasa na gurguzu. Meysmans ta yi karatu a makarantar Katolika a Tienen, kafin ta sami lasisin koyarwa a Ghent . A shekara ta 1890, ya sami digiri na Doctor of Philosophy a cikin Nazarin ɗan adam daga Jami'ar Ghent . 

A wannan shekarar, ya kirkiro hanyar "Meysmans" ta taƙaitawa,  bisa ga tsarin Aimé Paris - sanarwa a cikin 1922 Communal Notices of Brussels ya lissafa tsarin "Aimé-Paris-Meysmans " kamar yadda yake iya fassara Faransanci, Flemish, Turanci, da Jamusanci.  Tsarin Meysmans ya sami nasara, kuma Archdiocese na Kinshasa ya yi amfani da shi. A shekara ta 1897, ya gyara tsarin , amma daga baya ya daina koyar da shi.[de] Meysmans shi ne wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Stenography da Dactylography ta Kasa (Faransanci: ) a Brussels, kuma ya gudanar da darussan koyar da taƙaitaccen bayani a birane da yawa a Belgium.

## Harsuna masu taimako na kasa da kasa
Meysmans memba ne mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar harshe ta duniya, yana tallafawa da yawa a duk rayuwarsa. Ya fara shiga ƙungiyar Volapük, kodayake ya bar ta don Esperanto a cikin 1890, yana koyar da darussan game da harshe a Ghent da Brussels. A cikin 1907, Meysmans ya zama shugaban kungiyar  da ke Brussels, kungiyar da ke tallafawa Idiom Neutral (wani harshe da Waldemar Rosenberger ya kirkira a cikin 1902). Wani mutum ne wanda ya kafa makarantar Neo-Romanticist na halittar harshe,  Meysmans ya kasance mai goyon bayan Harsunan da aka gina a Latin. Lalle ne, Meysmans ya yaba musu a cikin gudummawar da ya bayar ga mujallar Peano Discussiones, wacce ta wanzu don tallafawa Academia pro Interlingua .  A shekara ta 1912, ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Ventimiglia mai suna Unione pro Latino Internationale;  bayan shekara guda, Meysmans ya zama shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin .  Daga bisani, ya zo ya goyi bayan Edgar de Wahl's Occidental, kuma ya shiga Kwamitin Bincike na Occidental-Academie don Harshen Taimako na Duniya () a cikin 1929.

## Manazarta
Margaret Kamar

**Margaret Jepkoech Kamar** (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga watan Afrilu 1959)  'yar siyasa ce ta Kenya kuma tsohuwar mataimakiyar kakakin majalisar dattawan Kenya. Ita ce mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar majalisar dattawan ƙasar Kenya a tarihin majalisar dattawan Kenya. Tana cikin jam'iyyar Jubilee Alliance Party. An fara zaɓenta ne don wakiltar gundumar Uasin Gishu a majalisar dattawan Kenya tun daga shekarar 2017 bayan zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokokin ƙasar Kenya na shekarar 2017. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Kamar a ranar 28 ga watan Afrilu, 1959 a Keiyo, Kenya. Ta sami digirin farko a fannin Noma a fannin Kiyaye Ƙasa da Ruwa. Daga baya ta sami digirin Kimiyyar Ƙasa ta Medicina daga Jami'ar McGill a shekarar 1986 da kuma digirin Ph.D. a Kiyaye Ƙasa da Ruwa daga Kwalejin Daji da Kiyayewa ta Jami'ar Toronto.

A shekarar 1988, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan ƙasa a UNEP a lokacin ƙirƙirar Taswirar Hamada. Ta zama farfesa a fannin kimiyyar ƙasa a Jami'ar Moi a shekarar 1999 kuma ta riƙe muƙamai daban-daban a jami'ar.

Daga shekarun 1999 zuwa 2006, ta kasance memba a Majalisar Dokokin Gabashin Afirka kuma ta jagoranci kwamitin Muhalli, Albarkatun Ƙasa, Noma da Yawon Buɗe Ido. Ta kuma jagoranci tawagar zuwa taron koli na Duniya kan Ci Gaba Mai Ɗorewa (WSSD) zuwa Afirka ta Kudu a shekara ta 2002. 

Tsakanin shekarar 2008 zuwa 2010, ta kasance jagorar tawaga zuwa taron haɗin gwiwa na majalisun ƙasashen Afirka, Karibiyan, da Pacific da kuma Tarayyar Turai (ACP-EU JPA). Haka zalika, ta taɓa riƙe muƙamin Mataimakiyar Ministan Muhalli da Albarkatun Ma'adinai daga shekarar 2010 zuwa 2011, sannan ta zama Ministar Ilimi Mai Zurfi, Kimiyya da Fasaha daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2013. 

A shekarar 2013, ta zama darakta a Cibiyar Bincike ta Duniya kan Ci Gaba Mai Ɗorewa, a wata kungiya mai zaman kanta.

## Manazarta
Germain Pirlot

**Germain Pirlot** (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Maris 1943 a Sart-Custinne, Gedinne, Belgium) ɗan Belgium ne kuma tsohon malami na Faransanci da Tarihi, a halin yanzu yana zaune a Ostend . An fi saninsa da mai kirkirar sunan *Yuro* don kuɗin Tarayyar Turai (EU). 

A ranar 4 ga watan Agustan 1995, Pirlot ya aika da wasika ga Jacques Santer, inda ya ba da shawarar sunan euro da za a yi amfani da shi don kuɗin da aka tsara na EU. Daga baya, Pirlot ya karɓi wasika ta hukuma tana gode masa saboda shawarar.

Majalisar Tarayyar Turai a Madrid (Spain) ta karɓi sunan euro a hukumance a ranar 16 ga Disamba 1995.  Jean-Jacques Schul, shugaban Promeuro (Kungiyar don inganta *Yuro*), ya yi iƙirarin cewa ga saninsa babu wanda ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da wannan sunan don kuɗin kafin 4 ga Agusta 1995.

## Manazarta
Frans Swagers

**Frans Swagers** (an haife shi 27 Janairu 1870 a Antwerp, ya mutu a ranar 7 ga Maris, 1935, Antwerp) malami ne kuma marubucin darussan harshe.

Bayan karatun asali a Antwerp, ya sami difloma na koyarwa a Ghent . A ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1887, ya zama malami a Makarantun Urban na Antwerp .

Ya rubuta litattafai don yarukan Faransanci, Ingilishi da Jamusanci ta amfani da sanannen hanyar Gouïn, bisa ga ra'ayoyin Nicolas Gouïn Dufief, (1776-1834), Faransanci wanda ya rubuta wata kasida mai taken The Philosophy of Language yayin ziyarar Amurka. An buga fitowar farko da aka sani a cikin 1904; an sake buga shi a cikin shekarun 1940.

Swagers ya kuma kasance mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar *Esperanto. * Tare da Adolf Finet, ya tura darasi na Esperanto. La Wapiutaga Vivo (Everyday Living Esperanto) ga masu koyo masu magana da yaren Dutch da Faransanci ta amfani da wannan hanyar. Irin wannan darussan ga masu koyo na Jamusanci da Ingilishi sun biyo baya.

## Haɗin waje

* Letterenhuis Antwerpen, lambar au::17933.
Jo Haazen

**Jozef Willem Haazen**  (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1944) mawaƙi ne kuma Mai ba da labari.

## Ilimi
Haazen ta yi karatu a Royal Conservatoire Antwerp a Antwerp da Royal Carillon School "Jef Denyn" a Mechelen, Belgium . Ya kuma yi nazarin harshen Esperanto 

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 1968, Haazen ya zama mai kula da birnin Antwerp. A shekara ta 1981, ya yi murabus don ya zama mai kula da birnin Mechelen da kuma darektan makarantar Royal Carillon "Jef Denyn", bayan da darektan da ya gabata ya yi ritaya. A lokacin mulkinsa, ya kula da kirkirar Gasar Sarauniya Fabiola  Haazen ya kasance darektan har zuwa 2010.  A shekara ta 2001, Haazen ya zama carillonneur na sabon carillon a Cathedral na Saints Peter da Paul, Saint Petersburg, Rasha.

### Esperanto
Tare da Ƙungiyar Esperanto ta Duniya, Haazen ya yi aiki a kan wani aikin kasa da kasa don gyara Universal Declaration of Human Rights don bayyanawa da haɗa " wajibai na ɗan adam".

## Kyaututtuka

* A shekara ta 1987, an ba Haazen lambar yabo ta Berkeley don Kyautattun Ayyuka ga Carillon . 
* A shekara ta 1993, an ba Haazen lambar yabo ta dindindin, memba na girmamawa a The Guild of Carillonneurs a Arewacin Amurka. Kungiyar ta nemi ta san shi da nasarorin da ya samu a matsayin darektan makarantar Royal Carillon "Jef Denyn" a ranar cika shekaru 12.
* A cikin 2015, Haazen ta sami kyautar Gaston Feremansprize daga Ƙungiyar Al'adu ta Flemish "Marnixring" (Mechelen, Belgium). 

## Manazarta
Rina Melli

**Rina Melli** (3 Nuwamba 1882 - 25 Maris 1958) ta kasance mai fafutukar gurguzu ta Italiya, mai rajin kare hakkin mata, 'yar jarida, kuma wacce ta kafa mujallar mata ta gurguzu ta farko *Eva* .    

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Ita ce 'ya'ya na farko cikin huɗu da iyayenta suka haifa a Ferrara, Rina ta sami ilimi na sirri; saboda wannan dalili mahaifin ya zaɓi ya damƙa ta ga wani matashin malamin Ferrara ɗan Italiya:  . Su biyun, tana da shekaru goma sha huɗu, shi kuma yana da shekaru ashirin, ya fara soyayya ta tsawon rai. Paolo Maranini, lokacin da ya haɗu da Rina, ya riga ya zama manajan da'irar gurguzu ta Ferrara *Figli del Lavoro* tsawon shekaru biyu; wannan yana nufin cewa Melli ya sami ilimin siyasa daga gare shi, ban da darussan Italiya. Ba da daɗewa ba Rina ta zama memba mai himma a cikin ƙungiyar gurguzu ta Ferrara, tare da kulawa ta musamman ga matsayin mata ma'aikata.

A shekara ta 1898, an kama Paolo kuma mahaifin Rina ya fara adawa da dangantakarsa da 'yarsa ta hanyar da ta dace; wannan yana nufin cewa Rina, da zarar ta cika shekaru 18, ta bar iyalinta don ta tafi ta zauna tare da iyalansa a gundumar talauci da shahararru ta birnin, inda bayan 'yan watanni ta auri Paolo. Bayan ta zama fitacciyar memba a cikin ƙungiyar gurguzu ta Ferrarese, Rina ta kafa mujallar gurguzu ta mata *Eva*, amma a shekara ta 1902 dole ta ƙaura zuwa Genoa tare da mijinta saboda rashin jituwa da rashin jituwa a cikin Jam'iyyar Gurguzu a Ferrara.  Daga baya a wannan shekarar, mahaifiyarta da 'yan'uwanta uku suka haɗu da ita a Genoa, aka tilasta mata barin Ferrara saboda rashin dawwamammen yanayin iyali da kuma yawan kishi da mahaifinta mai mallakar gida.

A shekara ta 1903, Rina ta sake ƙaura tare da iyalinta zuwa Trento, don yin aiki tare da mijinta a cikin *Il Popolo* na Cesare Battisti . Rina, domin ta ƙara inganta aikinta a matsayin marubuciya, ta yanke shawarar koyon Jamusanci (Trentino a lokacin ɗan ƙasar Austria ne) kuma ta ƙara ƙwarewar harshen, ta ƙaura zuwa Vienna na ɗan lokaci tare da babban ɗanta  . A can ta yi aiki tare da mujallar *Arbeiter Zeitung* a ƙarƙashin Victor Adler .

Bayan rashin lafiyar Giuseppe, wacce ta yi kasadar mutuwa, Rina ta fara sadaukar da kanta ga iyalinta, ta daina zama mai fafutukar siyasa. Duk da haka ta ci gaba da haɗin gwiwa da jaridar da aka buga da kuma waɗanda ta sani a matsayin masu ra'ayin gurguzu; musamman, ta yi aiki tare da gidan buga littattafai na Bietti, tana buga ƙaramin littafin nahawu na Italiyanci ga ɗaliban da ke jin Jamusanci da kuma fassara daga tatsuniyoyi da labaran Jamusanci na Hans Christian Andersen . Shekaru bayan mutuwar Paolo a Milan a 1941, Rina ta ƙare ta ƙaura zuwa Pavia tare da 'yarta Rosa, za ta haɗu da wata 'yarta, Lorenza Maranini [it] . Ta ci gaba da zama a Pavia har zuwa rasuwarta a ranar 25 ga Maris 1958.

## Manazarta
Maria Rygier

**Maria Rygier** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1885 a Kraków, ta mutu a shekara ta 1953 a Rome ) 'yar jarida ce kuma 'yar siyasa ta Italiya. A wasu lokutan a rayuwarta ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, mai ra'ayin juyin juya hali, mai adawa da sojoji, mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na goyon bayan yaƙi, mai goyon bayan farkon ƙungiyar ' yan gurguzu a Italiya, mai adawa da mulkin kama karya, kuma mai mulkin kama karya .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Rygier ya kasance mai bin Arturo Labriola da kuma masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a Italiya. A shekara ta 1907 ta zama edita na jaridar *Lotta di classe*, wani littafi na juyin juya halin gurguzu. Tare da Filippo Corridoni, ta kuma kafa fayil ɗin Rompete le mai adawa da soja. Ta bayyana ra'ayin cewa ya kamata mata su yi tsayayya da militarism, yayin da suka haifi Sojoji da aka kashe a yaƙi a madadin jihar. A cikin 1908, an yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku saboda wallafa wani labarin da ya goyi bayan kisan gillar a cikin Rompete le file . 

A shekarar 1909, ta fara goyon bayan rashin da'a a Italiya. Ta fara bayar da gudummawa ga *La Demolizione* na mai ra'ayin gurguzu Ottavio Dinale daga 1907 zuwa 1911. An sake yanke mata hukuncin daurin kurkuku a shekarar 1912 saboda rubuta wani labari don kare wani soja mai ra'ayin gurguzu, Augusto Masetti, wanda ya harbi wani jami'i a lokacin mamayar Italiya a Libya a 1911.  Labarin ya bayyana a cikin mujallar 'yan gurguzu da ta yi tare da gyara a Bologna, *L'Agitatore.*&#x5B; ** &#x5D;

Duk da cewa ta kasance mai tsananin adawa da sojoji ko a shekarar 1912, shekaru biyu bayan haka ta kasance mai tsananin adawa da sojoji a yakin duniya na daya . A shekarar 1914, ta zama edita a jaridar da Benito Mussolini, Il Popolo d'Italia, ya kafa. Jaridar 'yan gurguzu ta sadaukar da kanta ga goyon bayan yakin neman shiga tsakani da Italiya ta yi a yakin. A matsayinta na mai ra'ayin gurguzu kuma mai goyon bayan kungiyar kwadago, an daure ta na tsawon lokaci a shekarar 1914. Matsayinta na fursunan siyasa da ke fafutukar neman gurguzu ya zama sananne ga masu ra'ayin gurguzu na Italiya-Amurka a lokacin. Leda Rafanelli, mai ra'ayin gurguzu, ta bukaci ma'aikatan Italiya da su bi misalin Rygier. [1]

Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci na ƙabilanci, ta gudu zuwa Faransa a shekarar 1926, a lokacin tana adawa da mulkin kama karya na Fascist . A lokacin da take Faransa, Rygier ta buga wani ƙasida mai suka sosai ga Mussolini. An fara rubuta ƙasida mai shafuka 16 da Faransanci. An fassara kuma an buga ƙasida a duk duniya a shekarar 1928, inda ta bayyana yadda Rygier ya gaji da Mussolini, yana zarginsa da zama mai ba da labari, yana shiga cikin cin zarafi, da kuma amfani da dabarun da ke cutar da muradun ƙasar Italiya amma kuma yana da amfani ga abokan hulɗarta na gaba. Ta ƙara zargin Mussolini da son kai na siyasa don cimma muradunsa na kashin kansa, kamar ɗaukar aikin jarida mai riba wanda ke buƙatar sauya yanayin siyasa:

## Manazarta
Antoon Jozef Witteryck

**Antoon Jozef Witteryck** (6 Yuni 1865 a Oostkamp - 3 Yuli 1934 a Bruges) ya kasance mai bugawa kuma malami daga Belgium, kuma ɗaya daga cikin Esperantists na farko a wannan ƙasar.

## Bayanan littattafai

* Het Esperanto in tienes lessen. Ɗauki na biyu. Brugge: A.-J. Witteryck.
* *Tattaunawa a cikin harsuna huɗu: Turanci, Faransanci, Nederlandsch, Esperanto*. London 1906, 202 shafi na.
* *Zakboekje van den Nederlandschen Esperantist*. Brugge: W. 1908, 31 shafi na 14 cm.&nbsp;&nbsp;
* *Van Weyerbergh. Esperanto Gvidlibreto ta hanyar tur Detalved a Brugo*. 1910, 32 shafi na Redaktis W.
* *Daga gaskiya akan Esperanto a cikin Ido = Gaskiya game da Esperanto da Ido.* S.l.: s.i. 1913, 14, 14 p. 25 cm &nbsp;&nbsp;
* Het Esperanto in tienes lessen. Na uku. Steenbrugge-bij-Brugge: Daga Lusthof.
* Het Esperanto in tienes lessen. Ɗan ƙarami na 6. Steenbrugge: Daga Lusthof.
* Het Esperanto in tienes lessen. Yankin da ya faru. [7a dattijo.] Steenbrugge-bij-Brugge: Daga Lusthof.
* *Darussan Esperanto Cikakken Magana*. Steenbrugge: Daga Lusthof. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 30]
* *Turanci na yau da kullun a cikin darussan 15*.
* *Turanci na gargajiya a cikin darussan 10*.
* *Karatun Ingilishi (tare da bayanin bayani).*
* *Het Engelsch voor het dagelijksch, a cikin 15 lessen.*
* Klassiek Engelsch a cikin 10 raguwa.
* *Engelsche lezingen (met verklaringen) - 1st deel.*
* *Engelsche lezingen (met modellen van brieven) -2de deel*
* *Flemish don Nazarin Gida, a cikin darussan 10 (mai sauƙi da cikakke) *

## Ƙarin karantawa
Boudewijn VAN VLAENDEREN, *Drie generaties Witteryck a Brugge.*  De geschieden van Esperanto, het Vlaamse Kruis a cikin Stichting Witteryck a cikin zagaye Brugge, Brugge, 2024 ().

## Manazarta
Walter Francini

**Walter Augusto Francini**  (3 ga Yuni 1926 &#x2013; 3 ga Mayu 1996) ɗan jarida ne na ƙasar Brazil kuma ɗan Esperantist . Ya rubuta littattafai na asali, ya fassara littattafai da yawa zuwa Esperanto kuma ya sanar da kuma yaɗa game da harshen duniya. Ya kasance mai himma a cikin ƙungiyar "Goodwill".

An haifi Francini a São Paulo . Har zuwa lokacin da yake da shekaru 33, ya ƙi Esperanto, saboda shawarar da malami ya bayar. Koyaya, a cikin 1959, ya koyi Esperanto tare da Erlind Salzan a Portoferraio, inda Francini ke aiki a matsayin malamin wasan motsa jiki. Daga baya ya rayu kuma ya yada Esperanto a São Paulo, inda ya mutu yana da shekaru 69.

## Ayyuka

* Dokta Esperanto (1973) 
* Esperanto ba tare da nuna bambanci ba (1978) 
* Magana ga 'ya'yana
* Hanyar Magana
* Brazil: Shin Aljanna ce ta Esperanto?
* Soja na Kristi

## Haɗin waje

* Esperanto ba tare da nuna bambanci ba, sigar kan layi
* Walter Francini, a OLE

## Manazarta
Fiorella Ghilardotti

**Fiorella Ghilardotti** (  ; 25 ga Yuni 1946 - 13 Satumba 2005) ta kasance 'yar jam'iyyar Democrat ta hagu ta Italiya daga baya 'yar siyasa kuma 'yar ƙungiyar kwadago wacce ta yi wa'adi biyu a matsayin 'yar majalisar Turai (MEP) a mazabar Arewa maso Yammacin Italiya daga 1994 zuwa 1999 da kuma tsakanin 1999 da 2004. Ta kasance mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar yankin Lombardy na Italiya daga 1992 zuwa 1994, ta kasance kansila ta yanki a Majalisar Yankin Lombardy daga 1990 zuwa 1992 kuma memba ce a Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Aiki ta Ƙasa a ƙarshen rayuwarta. Ghilardotti tana da ɗaki a Hasumiyar Pirelli ; lambar yabo; ƙungiya da kuma tallafin karatu da aka sanya wa sunanta.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Ghilardotti a ƙaramin garin Castelverde da ke lardin Cremona, Lombardy,   a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1946.  'Yar mai aikin bulo ce kuma tana da ɗan'uwa ɗaya.  Bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Cattolica del Sacro Cuore tare da digirin tattalin arziki da farawa, Ghilardotti ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da al'adu na ENAIP tana yin kwasa-kwasan sa'o'i 150 a Milan a farkon shekarun 1970.   Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da ƙungiyar kwadago daga 1975,  da farko a Ƙungiyar Makanikan ƙarfe ta Italiya sannan kuma a matsayin sakatare-janar na CISL a Milan daga 1981 zuwa 1990.   A lokacin da take a matsayin mai kula da ƙungiyar kwadago, Ghilardotti ba wai kawai ta yi magana game da batutuwan ma'aikatan ƙarfe da masaku ba, har ma da batutuwan lafiyar zamantakewa da horar da ma'aikata. 

An zaɓe ta a matsayin kansila ta yankin Lombardy a matsayin 'yar takara mai zaman kanta ta jam'iyyar Democrat ta hagu (PDS) a shekarar 1990.   Bayan shekaru biyu, an zaɓi Ghilardotti a matsayin Shugabar yankin Lombardy na Italiya, inda ta zama mace ta farko da aka naɗa a wannan matsayi.    Wannan ya biyo bayan kama kansiloli 12 sakamakon badakalar Mani da ta rage aminci.   Ta jagoranci majalisar tsakiya-hagu,  wacce tsiraru ne ke samun goyon baya daga jam'iyyun Democrat Kirista da na Jam'iyyar Socialist ta Italiya da kuma masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.  Ghilardotti ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar kwamitin yankuna tsakanin 1993 da 1994,  kuma ta ci gaba da zama Shugabar Lombardy har zuwa 1994. 

Ta tsaya takarar Ƙungiyar Jam'iyyar Gurguzu ta Turai (PES) a zaɓen Majalisar Tarayyar Turai a shekarar 1994 a Italiya, an zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar Majalisar Tarayyar Turai (MEP) a mazabar Arewa maso Yammacin Italiya a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 1994 da ƙuri'un fifiko 57,391. [1] [2] A matsayinta na 'yar Majalisar Dokoki, Ghilardotti ta kan shiga cikin ayyukan majalisa kamar dokokin zamantakewa da ke shafar rayuwar mafi rauni a cikin jama'a da kuma yin fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata a cikin al'umma da aiki. [3] Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan majalisar da suka kafa wani ɓangare na Majalisar Haɗin Gwiwa ta Yarjejeniyar tsakanin ƙasashen Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific da Tarayyar Turai; Kwamitin Kasafin Kuɗi ; Kwamitin Haƙƙin Mata ; da Wakilai don Hulɗa da Afirka ta Kudu . Ghilardotti ta kasance madadin kowace Kwamitin Harkokin Jama'a da Aiki, Kwamitin Aiki da Harkokin Jama'a da Wakilai ga Kwamitin Haɗin Gwiwa na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai da Malta. [1]

## Manazarta
František Lorenz

**František Vladimír Lorenc** (24 ga Disamba 1872 &#x2013; 24 ga Mayu 1957), wanda aka fi sani da **Francisco Valdomiro Lorenz** a cikin harshen Portugal, ɗan ƙasar Czech ne kuma masanin falsafa wanda aka haifa a Zbyslavice (a yanzu ɓangare ne na Jamhuriyar Czech ). Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin Esperantist na farko a duniya, kuma ya sami damar yin magana da harsuna sama da 100.  Masarautar Austro-Hungary ta tsananta wa Lorenz saboda hulɗarsa da Esperanto, wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyin juyin juya hali na gurguzu a yankin, kuma daga baya ya ƙaura zuwa Brazil a matsayin ɗan gudun hijira na siyasa a 1891. A Brazil, ya zauna a Rio de Janeiro da farko, sannan kuma a Rio Grande do Sul ( Kudancin Brazil ). Lorenz ya buga littattafai sama da 36 a cikin harsuna 40 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu haɓaka ƙungiyar Esperanto a Brazil.  Ya mutu a Dom Feliciano (Brazil) a 1957.

## Manazarta
Sérgio Meira

**Sérgio Meira na Santa Cruz Oliveira** (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta 1968) masanin harshe ne na Brazil wanda ya kware a cikin iyalan yaren Caribbean da Tupian na ƙasashen Kudancin Amurka da kuma yaren Tiriyó musamman. Ya yi aiki a kan rarraba dangin yaren Cariban,   kuma ya tattara bayanan harshe na farko daga masu magana da harsunan Cariban 14 da 5 wadanda ba na Cariban ba.

## Ilimi da rayuwar mutum
Meira tana da BA da PhD a cikin Ka'idar Harshe da Bincike daga Jami'ar Rice .  Binciken digirinsa ya kasance tare da haɗin gwiwar mai kula da shi Spike Gildea . Sérgio Meira memba ne na Ƙungiyar Anthropological ta Amurka (AAA) da kuma Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas (SSILA). 

Baya ga asalinsa na Portuguese, Sérgio Meira ya ƙware a Turanci, Faransanci, da Mutanen Espanya, yana da matsakaici a Esperanto, Italiyanci, Jamusanci, Yaren mutanen Holland, Volapük, Romanian, kuma yana da kyakkyawan umurni na Katalan, Rasha, Latin, da sauran harsuna.

## Ayyuka
A halin yanzu farfesa ne a Jami'ar O.P. Jindal ta Duniya .  Binciken da ya yi a Jami'ar Radboud Nijmegen  ya mayar da hankali kan ilimin harshe na tarihi, aikin gona da bayanin iyalan yaren Cariban da Tupian, da harshe da fahimta. 

Ayyukansa sun taimaka wajen ci gaban Cibiyar Bayanai ta Kudancin Amurka (SAPhon),  World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS),  da Glottolog.

## Volapük
Sérgio Meira na ɗaya daga cikin malamai takwas a Kwalejin Volapük ta Duniya . Brian Reynold Bishop ne ya nada shi a shekara ta 2007, cifal na bakwai kuma shugaban makarantar a wannan lokacin. Har ila yau, memba ne mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar tattaunawar Volapük, wanda ke haɗa yawancin masu ilimin volapük masu rai.

Meira ta fassara labarai, ciki har da Rasmus Malling-Hansen's obituary, daga Volapük zuwa Turanci don Ƙungiyar Rasmus Mallings-Hansen ta Duniya. Ya kuma yi aikin fassara a kan Volapük Wikisource, amma daga baya ya ba da shawarar cewa a share aikinsa saboda za a dauke shi keta haƙƙin mallaka. Sérgio Meira yana daya daga cikin wakilan Andrew Drummond wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga iliminsa game da kayan Volapük kafin rubuce-rubucen A Hand-Book of Volapük.

## Manazarta
Rogener Pavinski

**Rogener Pavinski** (an haife shi a shekarar 1981 a Ribeirão Preto ) ɗan ƙasar Brazil ne, mawaƙi kuma mai buga gitar bass a ƙungiyar mawakan Esperanto rock Supernova, waɗanda suka yi wasa a taron duniya na Esperanto da kuma taron matasa.  Shi ne kuma darakta kuma furodusa na fim ɗin *[[Esperanto is...|Esperanto...]]* (a cikin Esperanto " *Esperanto estas...* ").

Ya kasance tsohon memba na kwamitin (2007-2009) na Ƙungiyar Matasan Esperanto ta Duniya . A watan Satumbar 2010 an zabe shi a matsayin sabon editan mujallar *[[Kontakto]]*, wanda ya fara aiki tare da fitowar 2010-05. 

## Manazarta
Cristina Conchiglia

**Cristina Conchiglia**, mai aure Calasso ( Brindisi, 4 ga Janairu 1923 - Lecce, 5 ga Mayu 2013), ta kasance ƙwararriyar ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta Italiya, 'yar siyasa, kuma shugabar ƙungiyar kwadago ta Italiya da kuma jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Italiya . Ta kasance Magajin Gari na Copertino  kuma 'yar majalisa daga 1976 zuwa 1983. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Duk da cewa an haifi Cristina Conchiglia a Brindisi, rayuwarta a matsayin mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ƙwadago ta fara ne a Salento, inda ta isa a shekarar 1950 sakamakon aurenta da ɗan majalisar dokoki na wancan lokacin, Giuseppe Calasso [it] (1899-1983), [1] wacce ta kasance mai himma tare da manoman Arneo . [2] Ta kasance jagora a gwagwarmayar tabbatar da haƙƙin mata ma'aikatan taba a Salento, waɗanda aka tilasta musu yin aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi da albashi mara kyau. [3] A farkon shekarun 1950, an kama ta a Lecce saboda jagorantar yajin aikin taba [4] kuma ta kafa ƙungiyar ma'aikatan taba ta Italiya. Tare da mijinta Giuseppe, ta shiga cikin land occupation in Arneo [it] . [5]

Cristina Conchiglia ta kasance memba a Majalisar Dokokin Italiya a lokacin majalisun dokoki biyu na VII da VIII, daga 5 ga Yuli 1976 zuwa 11 ga Yuli 1983. An zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisar mazabar Lecce kuma ta kasance cikin ƙungiyar Kwaminisanci . Daga 13 ga Yuni 1981 zuwa 11 ga Yuli 1983, ta kasance Sakatare na Kwamitin Majalisa don ba da shawara ga Gwamnati kan dokoki game da ayyukan kwastam. 

Ta rasu a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2013 tana da shekaru 90 a gidanta da ke Lecce.

## Manazarta
Victoria Bentley Duarte

**Victoria Bentley Duarte** (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga Yuli 1968) 'yar siyasa ce ta Mexico kuma 'yar ƙungiyar kwadago. Ta yi aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ta XXII ta Majalisar Dokokin Baja California daga 2016 zuwa 2019 - da farko a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar National Action Party kafin ta canza sheka zuwa Morena - kuma ta kasance 'yar takara a zaɓen gwamnan Baja California na 2021 don Progressive Social Networks .

Lauya ce ta sana'a, Bentley Duarte ta yi aiki a gwamnatin birnin Mexicali tsawon shekaru da yawa kafin ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar ma'aikatan gwamnati. A lokacin da take cikin majalisar dokokin jihar, ta yi amfani da tarihin shari'arta don aiwatar da gyare-gyare ga dokokin jihar.

## Rayuwar farko da farkon aikin
An haifi Bentley Duarte a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1968 a Agua Prieta, Sonora, [1] daga baya ta koma Mexicali, Baja California . [2] Ta halarci Instituto Salvatierra, wani shiri a Mexicali, kafin ta sami digirin shari'a daga Jami'ar Baja California mai cin gashin kanta . [1] Bentley Duarte ta fara aiki a sashen shari'a na gwamnatin birnin Mexicali a shekarar 1987, inda ta yi aiki a wasu mukamai, ciki har da a matsayin mai shari'a (alkali), mai nazarin shari'a, da kuma sakatare ga shugaban birnin Guillermo Aldrete Haas. [1] [3] A watan Fabrairun 2014, an zaɓe ta zuwa wa'adin shekaru uku a matsayin sakatare-janar na reshen Mexicali na SUTSPEMIDBC, ƙungiyar ma'aikatan gwamnati a jihar Baja California. [1] A wata mai zuwa, an kuma zaɓe ta a matsayin sakatare-janar na kwamitin zartarwa na SUTSPEMIDBC. [1]

## Aikin siyasa
Kafin , Jam'iyyar National Action Party (PAN) ta tsayar da Bentley Duarte a matsayin 'yar takararta ta kujera a Majalisar Dokokin Baja California, wacce ke wakiltar gundumar ta 3.   An zabe ta a matsayin 'yar takarar kujerar bayan ta samu sama da kashi 40 cikin 100 na kuri'un,   kuma an rantsar da ita a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2016.  Cikin 'yan kwanaki, Bentley Duarte ta kaddamar da wani kamfen a gundumarta don tallata Watan Wayar da Kan Jama'a Kan Ciwon Nono .  A wannan watan, an nada ta shugabar kwamitin shari'a,  kuma ta kaddamar da shirinta na *Diputada en tu Colonia* (wakili a unguwarku), inda ta ziyarci wani *yanki* daban kowace Litinin don sauraron damuwar 'yan mazabarta.  A watan Nuwamba 2016, Bentley Duarte ta kaddamar da wani sashe na hidimar 'yan ƙasa a Mexicali.  A shekarar 2017, ta gabatar da dokoki da nufin kare wadanda aka zalunta da kuma fadada ma'anar yin amfani da karfi don hada da ayyukan da mutane masu zaman kansu ke yi.   Bentley Duarte ta ci gaba da gabatar da gyare-gyare ga dokar laifuka ta jihar a shekarar 2018, kamar dokokin yaki da cin hanci,  satar motoci masu tashin hankali,  da kuma cin zarafin iko daga jami'an gwamnati. 

## Manazarta
Hilda Anderson Nevárez

**Hilda Josefina Amalia Anderson Nevárez** (10 Oktoba 1938 - 5 Yuli 2011) shugabar ƙungiyar ƙwadago ce ta Mexico kuma 'yar siyasa daga Jam'iyyar Juyin Juya Halin Ƙasa ta Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar tarayya a zaman Majalisa guda biyar (1964–67; 1970–73; 1982–85; 1988–91 da 2000–03) da kuma Sanata daga 1976 zuwa 1982 wadda ta wakilci Sinaloa . [1] [2] [3]

## Manazarta
Chiara Ingrao

**Chiara Ingrao** (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 1949) 'yar siyasa ce ta Italiya.

Chiara Ingrao 'yar Pietro Ingrao ce da matarsa Laura Lombardo Radice [it] . [1] [2] An haife ta a Rome a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 1949. [3] Ingrao mai fassara ce, [4] kuma ta rubuta game da gogewarta a ƙungiyar ma'aikatan ƙarfe. [5] An zaɓe ta a Majalisar Wakilai a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat ta hagu, kuma ta zauna a Majalisar Dokoki ta XI, wacce ta haɗu tsakanin 1992 da 1994. [6] Daga baya Ingrao ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Ministan Daidaito na Italiya . [7]

## Manazarta
Caritina Piña

**Caritina Piña** (1895 a Ocampo - 1981) 'yar Mexico ce mai ra'ayin gurguzu-masu ra'ayin gurguzu - mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata da kuma masanin jinsi. Shahararriyar mai ra'ayin gurguzu daga yankin Tekun Mexico, tana da alaƙa da Librado Rivera . Ana yaba mata a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko na zamani a tarihin Mexico .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Caritina Piña Montalvo  a shekara ta 1895 a Tamaulipas" id="mwEw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ocampo, Tamaulipas">Ocampo, Tamaulipas .  Mahaifinta Janar ne a cikin Sojojin Mexico kuma ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin mulkin Porfirio Díaz .  Daga ƙarshen 1910s, ta yi kira ga 'yancin fursunonin siyasa  kuma ta rungumi anarcho-syndicalism. 

Piña na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan mata na farko a Mexico kuma yana da hannu sosai a cikin ƙungiyoyin anarchist da mata a Mexico. [1] Tafiyarta ta ba ta damar gina alaƙa a tsakanin kungiyoyi daban-daban, al'adu, da zamantakewar jama'a.[2] A cikin shekarun 1920 da 1930, ta ɗauki matsayin jagora a cikin ƙungiyarta [1] kuma an haɗa ta da wasu sanannun mutane na ƙungiyar anarchist ta Mexico, kamar Librado Rivera . [1][3]

Gādonta, wanda da sauri ya ɓace bayan mutuwarta, an sake gano shi a cikin karni na 21, musamman godiya ga aikin masanin tarihi Sonia Hernandez . 

## Manazarta
Leticia Ramírez Amaya

**Leticia Ramírez Amaya** (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Maris 1961) farfesa ce 'yar ƙasar Mexico, shugabar ma'aikata, kuma 'yar siyasa ta Morena .  Daga 1 ga Satumba 2022 zuwa 30 ga Satumba 2024, ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatare na Ilimi na Jama'a . 

## Ayyuka
Ita farfesa ce a fannin ilimin firamare a , matsayin da ta samu a shekarar 1984, bayan ta jagoranci rukuni na shekaru 12 a makarantu a yammacin Mexico City . [es] Ta yi karatun ilimin ɗan adam mara cikakke a Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (ENAH) da Alta Dirección Pública .  Ta shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewar hagu kamar  da Organización de Izquierda Revolucionaria Línea de Masas . [es]

Ta shiga cikin Sashe na 9 na yunkurin majistare na 1989, wanda manufarsa ita ce Dimokuradiyya na ƙungiyar malamai ta farko, Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación (SNTE); wanda ya haifar da faduwar shugaban Carlos Jonguitud Barrios da kafa Coordinadora Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educción (CNTE), kamar yadda sassan kamar 9 suka bayyana. Ta dakatar da aikinta na ƙungiyar kwadago a shekarar 1992. [1]

Ta kasance mai alhakin Ayyukan Jama'a daga 2000 zuwa 2012 a Gwamnatin Mexico City.[es] Bayan haka daga 2012 zuwa 2018 ta ba da shawara ga Sakatariyar Muhalli ta Mexico City.[es] Daga 2018 zuwa 2022, ta kasance Daraktan Ayyukan Jama'a na Shugabancin Jamhuriyar. 

A ranar 15 ga watan Agustan 2022, an sanar da cewa za ta gaji Delfina Gómez Álvarez a matsayin Sakatariyar Ilimi ta Jama'a,  an kaddamar da ita a ranar 1 ga Satumba. 

## Manazarta
Adela Peralta Leppe

**Adela Peralta Leppe** (13 Nuwamba 1929 22 Maris 2018), wacce aka fi sani da sunanta na wasan kwaikwayo **Tiki Tiki**, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Mexico, mawaƙiya, ɗan rawa, 'yar jarida, ɗan wasan barkwanci kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a .    A tsawon aikinta na tsawon shekaru da dama, ta yi fice a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin jaruman mata masu fafutuka a Mexico, yayin da take fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata a cikin sana'arta.

## Ayyuka
Adela Peralta Leppe ta fara aikinta a 1948 lokacin da ta shiga kamfanin fasaha "México Lindo" a Acapulco, sannan ta ziyarci Mexico da Amurka ta tsakiya tare da su. Daga baya ta kafa kamfaninta na ballet da ake kira "Las Leppe Sisters", wanda ya yi tare da masu fasaha kamar Damaso Pérez Prado da Bill Haley & His Comets a Mexico da Turai. Mawallafin Luis Arcaraz ya kirkiro waƙar "Dulce" musamman don kamfaninta su yi.

A cikin shekarun 1950, Peralta Leppe ya fara ziyartar makarantun firamare don samar da nishaɗi, saboda iyalai da yawa ba za su iya biyan kuɗin hayar clown a asirce ba. Mawallafi kuma mawaƙi Daniel Santos ya ba ta laƙabi Tiki Tiki, sunan da ta karɓa don aikinta na tsawon shekaru shida a matsayin clown. Ta tabbatar da cewa: "An haifi Tiki Tiki ne sakamakon aikin zamantakewa. "Kaddamar da ita ga wannan rawar ta ba ta taken "Senior Clown" ta Latin Clown Brotherhood . [1]

Baya ga aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo, ta inganta haƙƙin ma'aikata a cikin masana'anta. An zabe ta a matsayin wakilin kungiyar kwadago kuma ta kasance memba na tsawon rayuwa na Ƙungiyar 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ta Kasa (ANDA) - musamman, sashen "Tent, Circus, da Jam'iyyun Yara" na ƙungiyar. Tare da Dolores del Río, ta kasance mai fafutuka don gina Cibiyoyin kula da yara ga mata da ke da alaƙa da ANDA . 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Peralta Leppe ta kasance zakara a duniya, bayan ta lashe gasar cin kofin kifi ta Tarpon ta 1956 a Tampico . Ta kama    Atlantic tarpon auna mita 3, mafi girma da mace ta kama.

Peralta Leppe ta kasance wacce girgizar ƙasa ta birnin Mexico ta shafa a shekarar 2017 lokacin da ginin da take zaune ya ruguje. Ta kasance a makale na tsawon awanni 30 har sai da aka ceto ta kuma aka kwantar da ita a asibiti na tsawon watanni da dama sakamakon haka.  &#x5B; **'</sup>Ta rasu a ranar 22 ga Maris 2018, a birnin Mexico  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">**' &#x5D;

## Manazarta
Monica Juma

**Monica Kathina Juma** CBS, EGH , MBS (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Satumban shekarar 1963) jami'ar diflomasiyya ce ta Kenya wacce a halin yanzu take aiki a matsayin Mai Ba da Shawara Kan Tsaron Ƙasa ga Shugaba William Ruto .  Ta taɓa yin aiki a matsayin Sakataren Tsaro na Majalisar Ministoci a majalisar ministocin Shugaba Uhuru Kenyatta.  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Juma ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Nairobi da digirinta na farko a fannin Fasaha a Gwamnati da Gudanar da Jama'a da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin Fasaha a fannin Gwamnati da Gudanar da Jama'a a kuma Jami'ar Oxford, inda ta samu takardar shaidar digirinta a fannin Nazarin 'Yan Gudun Hijira, inda ta kuma sami digirinta na uku a fannin Falsafa a Siyasa.

## Aikin diflomasiyya
Juma ta daɗe tana aiki a fannin diflomasiyya, bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin jakadiyar ƙasar Kenya a Habasha, Djibouti, Tarayyar Afirka, Hukumar Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Waje da kuma Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan Afirka, wacce ke da hedikwata a Addis Ababa.  A ranar 27 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2013, an rantsar da ita a matsayin Babbar Sakatariya, a Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta ƙasar Kenya, tana aiki a wannan matsayin har sai da aka mayar da ita Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta Kenya, a matsayin Babbar Sakatariya.  

## Aikin siyasa
Juma ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Majalisar Ministoci a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje tsakanin watannin Janairu 2016 da Fabrairu 2018. 

Ta yi aiki a matsayin Babbar Sakatariya a Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta Jiha, Ma'aikatu ta Cikin Gida da Gudanar da Gwamnatin Ƙasa.

Kafin ya yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida, Juma ta yi aiki ne a matsayin Sakatariyar Ma'aikatu a Ma'aikatar Tsaro.

A ranar 23 ga watan Mayu 2024, Juma na daga cikin baƙi da aka gayyata zuwa cin Abincin dare na jihar da Shugaba Joe Biden ya shirya don girmama Shugaba William Ruto a Fadar White House. 

## Sauran ayyukan
Juma babbar jami'in bincike ce a Sashen Kimiyya na Siyasa, a Jami'ar Pretoria a Afirka ta Kudu. Har ila yau, ta kasance memba na malamai a Cibiyar Nazarin dabarun Afirka ta Jami'ar Tsaro ta Kasa, a Washington, DC a Amurka. Ta rubuta kuma ta buga da yawa a kan batutuwan da ta ƙware.

## Duba kuma

* Amina Mohamed
* Raychelle Omamo
* Judy Wakhungu

## Manazarta