Kanada da Yarjejeniyar Kyoto

Kanada ta kasance mai aiki a cikin tattaunawar da ta haifar da Yarjejeniyar Kyoto a shekarar 1997.  Gwamnatin Liberal wacce ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar a shekarar 1997 ta tabbatar da ita a majalisa a shekarar 2002. Manufar Kyoto ta Kanada ita ce raguwar kashi 6% a cikin iskar gas (GHG) a shekarar 2012, idan aka kwatanta da matakan 1990 na megatonnes 461 (Mt) (Gwamnatin Kanada (GC) 1994).  [bayanin kula 1] Duk da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar, hayakin gas ya karu da kusan 24.1% tsakanin 1990 da 2008.  A cikin 2011, Firayim Minista mai ra'ayin mazan jiya Stephen Harper ya janye Kanada daga Yarjejeniyar Kyoto .

Tattaunawar da ke kewaye da aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Kyoto a Kanada ta rinjayi yanayin dangantakar da ke tsakanin yankuna na kasa, lardin, yanki da na gari. Gwamnatin tarayya na iya tattauna yarjejeniyoyin kasashe da yawa da kuma aiwatar da dokoki don mutunta sharuddan su. Koyaya, larduna suna da iko dangane da makamashi sabili da haka, zuwa babban matakin, canjin yanayi. A cikin 1980, lokacin da aka gabatar da Shirin Makamashi na Kasa, kasar ta kusan rabu, ta raba larduna sosai tare da gabas da yamma. Tun daga wannan lokacin, babu wata gwamnatin tarayya da ta aiwatar da shirin makamashi na hadin kai na gwamnati.

## Gudanar da Harper
Wasu suna jayayya cewa lokacin da Firayim Minista Stephen Harper ya hau mulki a shekara ta 2006, tsananin adawa da Yarjejeniyar Kyoto, manufofinsa na kasuwa da kuma "rashin kulawa da gangan"  sun ba da gudummawa ga hauhawar hayaki na GHG.  [bayanin kula 1] Harper a baya ya yi tir da Yarjejeniyar Kyoto a matsayin "tsarin kwaminisanci don shan kuɗi daga kasashe masu samar da wadata" kuma ya yi alkawarin yaƙi da shi a cikin wasikar tara kuɗi ta 2002 da aka aika wa membobin Alliance na Kanada.

Harper ya yi adawa da tilasta manufofi masu ɗaurewa a Taron Bali na 2007 sai dai idan an sanya irin waɗannan manufofi a kan ƙasashe kamar China da Indiya, waɗanda aka keɓe su daga bukatun rage GHG a ƙarƙashin sharuddan Kyoto Protocol. Kodayake hayakin GHG na Kanada ya fadi a cikin 2008 da 2009 saboda koma bayan tattalin arziki na duniya, ana sa ran hayakin Kanada zai sake ƙaruwa tare da farfadowar tattalin arziki, wanda ya fi dacewa da fadada yashi mai mai.

A shekara ta 2009, Kanada ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Copenhagen, wanda, ba kamar Yarjejeniyar Kyoto ba, yarjejeniya ce da ba ta da iyaka. Kanada ta amince da rage hayakin GHG da kashi 17% daga matakan 2005 zuwa 2020, wanda ke fassara zuwa raguwar megaton 124 (Mt). 

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011, Ma'aikatar Muhalli Peter Kent ta ba da sanarwar janyewar Kanada daga Yarjejeniyar Kyoto kwana daya bayan masu tattaunawa daga kusan kasashe 200 da suka hadu a Durban, Afirka ta Kudu, a taron canjin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na shekara ta 2011 sun kammala tattaunawar yanayi don kafa sabon yarjejeniya don iyakance hayakin carbon. Tattaunawar Durban ta haifar da sabon yarjejeniya mai ɗaurewa tare da manufofi ga dukkan ƙasashe su fara aiki a cikin 2020. 

Kent ya jaddada cewa "Tsarin Kyoto ba ya rufe manyan masu fitarwa biyu a duniya, Amurka da China, sabili da haka ba za su iya aiki ba. " A cikin 2010 Kanada, Japan da Rasha sun ce ba za su yarda da sabbin alkawuran Kyoto ba. Kanada ita ce kadai kasar da ta ki amincewa da Yarjejeniyar Kyoto. Kent ya jaddada cewa tunda Kanada ba za ta iya cimma burin ba, tana buƙatar kauce wa dala biliyan 14 a cikin azabtarwa don rashin cimma burinta. Wannan yanke shawara ta jawo martani na kasa da kasa. A ƙarshe, an kiyasta farashin bin doka sau 20 ƙasa. Jihohin da ba a rufe hayaki ba ta Kyoto Protocol (Amurka da China) suna da mafi girman hayaki, suna da alhakin 41% na Kyoto Protocol. Rashin hayaki na kasar Sin ya karu da sama da 200% daga 1990 zuwa 2009. Majalisar Babban Jami'an Kanada [bayanin kula 1] VP John Dillon ya yi jayayya cewa ƙarin faɗaɗa Kyoto ba zai yi tasiri ba, saboda ƙasashe da yawa, ba kawai Kanada ba, ba su kan hanya don biyan alkawuransu na Kyoto na 1997 don rage hayaki.

Dokar C-38 Ayyuka, Girma da Dokar Gudanarwa ta Tsawon Lokaci ta wuce a watan Yunin 2012  (wanda ake kira "Bill C-38"), Dokar Gudanar da Kasafin Kudi ta 2012   ta soke Dokar Aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Kyoto. 

Dangane da rahoton da ake kira "Environment: GHG Emissions Per Capita" (Yuli 2011), Kanada ta kasance "ta 15 cikin kasashe 17 don fitar da iskar gas (GHG) ga kowane mutum kuma tana samun 'D'. Kashi na Kanada na kowane mutum GHG ya karu da kashi 3.2 tsakanin 1990 da 2008, yayin da jimlar fitar da GHG a Kanada ya karu da 24%. Babban mai ba da gudummawa ga fitar da GG na Kanada shine bangaren makamashi, wanda ya haɗa da samar da wutar lantarki (zafi da wutar lantarki), sufuri, da hanyoyin gudu.

## Jerin lokaci

* Disamba 13, 2011: Kanada ta zama mai sanya hannu na farko da ta sanar da janyewarta daga Yarjejeniyar Kyoto. [Littafi na 1]

* 2009: Kanada ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Copenhagen . Ba kamar Yarjejeniyar Kyoto ba, wannan yarjejeniya ce da ba ta da iyaka. Kanada ta amince da rage hayakin GHG da kashi 17% daga matakan 2005 zuwa megaton 607 (Mt).
* Fabrairu 2009: An kafa (CED) tsakanin Kanada da Amurka "don inganta hadin gwiwa kan ci gaban kimiyyar makamashi mai tsabta da fasahar rage iskar gas da yaki da canjin yanayi".

* Disamba 3-15, 2007: A Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Bali, Indonesia, Ministan Muhalli John Baird ya yi jayayya cewa Kanada ba za ta yi ƙoƙari ta kai ga burinta na Kyoto ba saboda ba zai yiwu a kai su. An soki Baird sosai saboda hana ci gaba a kan 'Tsarin Ayyuka na Bali'.

* 2007: Gwamnatin tarayya ta Kanada ta gabatar da Dokar Tsabtace Ruwa.
* Janairu 2006: Gwamnatin Conservative ta Stephen Harper ta karɓi mulki. Harper ya watsar da wajibai na Kyoto na Kanada don tallafawa shirinsa na "Made in Canada". A cikin shekara ta farko, hayakin GHG ya tashi zuwa babban lokaci na 748 Mt.&nbsp;

* 2004: Gwamnatin tarayya ta kaddamar da Ƙalubalen Ɗaya.

* Disamba 17, 2002: Kanada ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kyoto a hukumance a karkashin gwamnatin Liberal ta Firayim Minista Jean Chrétien.
* 2001: Amurka ba ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kyoto ba, ta bar Kanada a matsayin ƙasa ɗaya a Amurka tare da wajibin rage fitarwa.
* 2000: Gwamnatin tarayya ta gabatar da Shirin Ayyuka na 2000 akan Canjin Yanayi.
* 1980: Firayim Minista Pierre Trudeau ya gabatar da manufofin makamashi masu rikitarwa, Shirin Makamashi na Kasa (NEP). Tim Flannery, marubucin The Weathermakers, ya yi jayayya cewa tun lokacin da NEP, tare da yaduwar martani mara kyau na yamma, wanda kusan ya raba ƙasar, babu gwamnatin tarayya - Liberal ko Conservative - da ta kasance da ƙarfin hali don ƙirƙirar sabuwar manufofin makamashi.

## Manazarta