Abiola Irele

**Francis **Abiola Irele**** (wanda aka fi sani da Abiola I Rele, an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Mayun shekarar 1936 - Ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Yulin Shekarar 2017)  masanin Ilimin kimiyya ne na Ƙasar  Najeriya wanda aka fi sani a matsayin babban masanin ilimin Afirka a duk duniya. Ya kasance Provost a Jami'ar Jihar Kwara, wadda aka kafa a Cikin shekarar 2009 a Ilorin, Najeriya. Kafin ya koma Najeriya, Irele ya ziyarci farfesa a Nazarin Afirka da Afirka ta Amirka da Harsuna da Littattafai a Jami'ar Harvard.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Abiola Irele a Yankin  Igbo-Ora, Najeriya, kuma ya koma Enugu tun da wuri a rayuwarsa. Mahaifinsa ya fito ne daga Uokha yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta fito ne daga Ora duka a yankin Owan na Jihar Edo. Harshen farko da ya koya shi ne Ibo, wanda ya koya daga bayin da suka yi wa mahaifinsa aiki kuma suka kula da shi yayin da yake girma. Bayan ya koma Jihar Legas a Shekarar 1940, ya fara magana da Yaren Yoruba. A shekara ta 1943, bayan yaƙi tsakanin iyayensa, Irele ya koma tare da mahaifiyarsa zuwa Ora, inda ya karɓi kuma ya haɓaka ƙwarewa a cikin harshen Ora a cikin shekara guda. Koyaya, bayan ya koma Legas a Shekarar  1944 don ya zauna tare da mahaifinsa, ya fara magana da Yaren Yoruba kuma ya kiyaye shi a matsayin asalin ƙabilanci.

Gamuwa ta farko da Irele ya yi da wallafe-wallafen ta hanyar tatsuniyoyin gargajiya da mawaƙa na baki waɗanda suka ba da labarin "rashin" a kan tituna. A cikin shekarun karatunsa na yau da kullun, ya fara karanta ƙarin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi.

## Ilimi da aiki
Irele ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Ibadan a shekarar 1960. Nan da nan bayan kammala karatunsa, ya tafi ƙasar Paris don koyon Yaren Faransanci kuma ya kammala Ph.D. a Harshen Faransanci a Jami'ar Paris, Sorbonne, a Shekarar 1966. Lokacin da ya dawo Najeriya, ya yi aiki a Kwalejin Harsuna a Jami'ar Legas, sannan a Jami'an Ghana, Legon .  Ya kasance editan mujallar *Black Orpheus*, daga Shekarar 1968 har zuwa Shekarar 1975. Ya kuma rike mukaman koyarwa a Jami'ar Ife (yanzu Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo), kuma a Shekarar 1975 a Jami'an Ibadan, inda ya kasance Shugaban Harsuna. A shekara ta 1989, ya koma Jami'ar Jihar Ohio a Amurka a matsayin Farfesa na Afirka, Faransanci da Littattafan Kwatanta.

Ya kasance Provost a Jami'ar Jihar Kwara, wadda aka kafa a cikin shekarar 2009, a Garin Ilorin, Najeriya. Kafin ya koma Najeriya, Irele ya ziyarci farfesa a Nazarin Afirka da Afirka ta Amirka da Harsuna da Littattafai a Jami'ar Harvard.

## Rashin fata
Irele helped to expound upon the understanding of Négritude first theorized by Aimé Césaire in the magazine *L'Étudiant noir* and then in his groundbreaking book *Cahier d'un retour au pays natal* (1939), in various articles, such as "A Defence of Negritude" in *Transition* (1964) or in the article "What is Negritude?" (1977). In his article, Irele defines Négritude as "the literary and ideological movement of French-speaking black intellectuals, which took form as a distinctive and significant aspect of the comprehensive reaction of the black man to the colonial situation...".

## Mutuwa
Irele a ranar 2 ga Watan Yulin Shekarar 2017 a asibitin Amurka, ya mutu yana da shekaru 81. Kyautar da aka yi masa ta haɗa da waƙa ta Wole Soyinka.

## Littattafan da aka zaɓa

* The African Imagination: Littattafai a Afirka da Black Diaspora, Oxford University Press (paperback 2001),  
* *Kwarewar Afirka a cikin wallafe-wallafen da akidar*, Indiana University Press (reprint 1990),  
* Edita na hadin gwiwa tare da Simon Gikandi na Tarihin Cambridge na Littattafan Afirka da Caribbean, Cambridge University Press (2004),  
* "Négritude: Littattafai da akidar" a cikin The African Philosophy Reader,  

## Ƙarin karantawa

* F. Abiola Irele, *Menene Afirka a gare ni?*: Afirka a cikin Black Diaspora Imagination (Mafi Girma Lacca a Jami'ar Jihar Ohio, 30 Oktoba 2002) 
* Abdul-Rasheed Na"Allah, "Littattafai, Al'adu da Tunanin Afirka: Tattaunawa da Abiola Irele", a cikin *Binciken Yammacin Afirka*, Fitowa 7 (2005) 
* Wumi Raji, *Kwalejin Churchill ta yi bikin Abiola Irele* (rahoto game da bikin haihuwar 70, Nuwamba 2006) 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Haɗin waje

* [Hotuna na Abiola Irele daga tarin dijital na EBR na Al'adun Afirka ta Amirka, Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois Edwardsville](http://collections.carli.illinois.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISORESTMP=results.php&CISOVIEWTMP=item_viewer.php&CISOMODE=thumb&CISOGRID=thumbnail,A,1;title,A,1;photo,A,0;descri,200,0;none,A,0;20;relevancy,none,none,none,none&CISOBIB=title,A,1,N;photo,A,0,N;descri,200,0,N;none,A,0,N;none,A,0,N;20;relevancy,none,none,none,none&CISOTHUMB=20%20(4x5);title,none,none,none,none&CISOTITLE=20;title,none,none,none,none&CISOHIERA=20;photo,title,none,none,none&CISOSUPPRESS=1&CISOTYPE=link&CISOOP1=exact&CISOFIELD1=indivi&CISOBOX1=Irele%2C+Francis+Abiola&CISOOP2=exact&CISOFIELD2=photo&CISOBOX2=&CISOOP3=exact&CISOFIELD3=datea&CISOBOX3=&CISOOP4=exact&CISOFIELD4=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOBOX4=&c=exact&CISOROOT=%2Fsie_ebr1)
* Obi Nwakanma, "Godiya: Francis Abiola Irele (1936 - 2017) ", Vanguard, 16 ga Yuli 2017.