Marie-Hélène Lefaucheux

**Marie-Hélène Lefaucheux** (26 ga Fabrairu 1904 - 25 ga Fabrairun 1964) 'yar Faransa ce mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ta kasance memba na Resistance na Faransa kuma ta shirya sakin mijinta daga sansanin Buchenwald bayan Gestapo ta kama shi. Ita ce kadai mace a cikin tawagar Faransa zuwa Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na farko. Lefaucheux ya taimaka wajen kafa Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Matsayin mata kuma ya kasance shugabanta daga 1948 zuwa 1953.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Marie-Hélène Postel-Vinay a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 1904 a birnin Paris ga Madeleine (née Delombre) da Marcel Postel-Binay . Ta halarci makarantun firamare a birnin Paris. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata biyu na farko da aka shigar da su a Ecole des Sciences Politiques  kuma ta yi karatun piano a École du Louvre . A shekara ta 1925, ta auri masanin masana'antu kuma lauya Pierre Lefaucheux,  tare da shi ba ta da yara, saboda hatsarin da ta sha wahala a lokacin ƙuruciyarta. 

### Tsayayyar Faransa
A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu Pierre da Marie-Hélène Lefaucheux sun zama muhimman mambobi na Resistance na Faransa. Gidan su a birnin Paris ya kasance hanyar da ke karkashin kasa da kuma hedkwatar wata kungiya da ke shirya kunshe-kunshe ga fursunonin siyasa da iyalansu. Daga bazara 1942, Lefaucheux yana hulɗa da Yvonne Churn, wanda ya rarraba littattafai ga kurkuku. Sun sami nasarar kafa tsarin sadarwa tare da fursunonin Paris kuma sun ba da bayanai ga iyalai na fursunoni a wuraren tsare sirri. Tsarin su ya haifar da kirkirar Kwamitin Ayyukan Jama'a na Résistance (COSOR).  Ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban reshen Paris na Kwamitin 'Yanci na Kasa na Faransa .  Lefaucheux ya zama wakilin Kwamitin 'Yanci na CMO a watan Maris na shekara ta 1944.

SD ta kama Pierre Lefaucheux a watan Yunin 1944 kuma ta kore shi ta jirgin kasa zuwa Jamus a watan Agusta. Marie-Hélène ta bi jirgin kasa a kan keken ta don sanin inda take. Ta bi shi zuwa Bar-le-Duc, tana fatan a sake shi a karkashin yarjejeniyar Nordling. Daga baya ta fahimci cewa an daure mijinta a sansanin fursuna na Buchenwald kuma ta shirya don saduwa da shugaban Gestapo a Metz. Ta shawo kansa ya canja wurin Pierre zuwa Metz. An watsar da shi lokacin da aka bar birnin saboda ci gaban hadin gwiwa kuma an sake haɗuwa da su biyu a farkon watan Satumba.

Bayan yakin, an ba ta lambar yabo ta National Order of the Legion of Honour, Croix de Guerre da Médaille de la Résistance tare da rosette na jami'in. Mijinta ya ci gaba da zama Shugaban kamfanin kera motoci na Renault . 

### Ayyukan siyasa da aikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
Bayan 'yancin Faransa, an zabi Lefaucheux a Majalisar Dokoki ta Gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Jamhuriyar Faransa,  wakiltar kungiyar Civile et Militaire . Ta koma Majalisar Dokoki a matsayin mataimaki a 1945 kuma an zabe ta a Majalisar Majalisa ta Paris, inda ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban kasa. A shekara ta 1946, bayan amincewa da sabon kundin tsarin mulki, an zabi Lefaucheux a Majalisar farko ta Jamhuriyar Faransa ta huɗu.

Lefaucheux ya zama memba na tawagar Faransa a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya .  Ita ce kadai mace a cikin tawagar Faransa a taron kaddamar da Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a 1946.  Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mambobi goma sha biyar da suka kafa Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Matsayin Mata .  Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ce ta nada ta a 1946 don aiki a Majalisar Jamhuriyar. Ta kasance a Majalisar Jamhuriyar na zaman daya kawai kuma ta yi murabus daga ofishinta a 1947 don shiga Majalisar Tarayyar Faransa. Ta kasance Sanata (MRP) a karkashin Jamhuriyar Hudu.

Lefaucheux ta kasance wacce ta kafa kungiyar Association des Femmes de l'Union Française, wacce ta damu da jin daɗin 'yan Aljeriya da' yan Afirka. Game da kungiyar, ta ce, "Muna ganin cewa ana taimaka wa wasu mata a wasu sassan duniya kuma ana ƙarfafa su".

Lefaucheux ta kasance Shugabar Majalisar Mata ta Faransa daga 1954 zuwa 1964. Mijinta ya mutu a hatsarin mota a shekara ta 1955, kuma bayan mutuwarsa, ta zama Wakilin Faransa a Hukumar Kula da Matsayin Mata ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ɗaya daga cikin kwamitocin Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a, inda ta zama shugaban kasa. A shekara ta 1957, an zabe ta shugabar Majalisar Mata ta Duniya . Daga 1959 zuwa 1960, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban Majalisar Tarayyar Faransa, wakiltar babban birnin Faransa.[1]

### Mutuwa da gado
Lefaucheux ta mutu a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 1964, kwana daya kafin ranar haihuwarta ta 60, a kan tafiya ta dawowa zuwa New York lokacin da jirgin ta, Eastern Air Lines Flight 304, ya fadi jim kadan bayan tashi daga New Orleans.

Bayan mutuwarta, Majalisar Mata ta Duniya ta lura cewa:Madame Lefaucheux tana da kwakwalwa mai kama da na siyasa, ruhun yaƙi mai ƙarfi don ci gaban ilimin mata, haƙƙoƙi da ayyukan farar hula, kyakkyawar dabarun da dabarun, "ya kara da cewa "a cikin aikinta na ba tare da tsayawa ba ga mata na dukkan kabilu, a matsayin wakilin Gwamnatin Faransa a Hukumar Kula da Mata ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wakilin ta Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dattijai, kuma a lokacin Shugabancin I.C.W., nasarorinta sun kasance masu ban mamaki.An ambaci rawar da Lefaucheux ta taka wajen 'yancin Faransa da kuma ceton mijinta a fim din 1966 Is Paris Burning ?  Daga baya aka kafa Gidauniyar Marie-Hélène Lefaucheux don taimakawa matan Afirka.

## Manazarta