Jam'iyyar Pan Africanist Congress ta Azania

**Jam'iyyar Pan Africanist Congress ta Azania**, wacce sau da yawa ake takaitawa zuwa jam'iyyar Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), kungiya ce ta 'yanci ta Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta zama jam'iyyar siyasa a yanzu. Kungiyar ‘yan Afirka ne, karkashin jagorancin Robert Sobukwe, wacce ta balle daga jam’iyyar ANC a shekarar 1959, yayin da PAC ta yi adawa da ka’idar ANC na cewa “kasa na duk wanda ke zaune a cikinta ne da farare da baki” sannan kuma ya ki amincewa da ra’ayin duniya masu ra’ayin wariyar launin fata, maimakon haka ya ba da shawarar Afirka ta Kudu bisa kishin kasa na Afirka.

## Tarihi
An ƙaddamar da PAC bisa ƙa'ida a ranar 6 ga Afrilu 1959 a Dandalin Sadarwar Orlando a Soweto. Mambobin African National Congress (ANC) da dama sun balle saboda sun ki amincewa da sauya shirin 1949 na Action tare da Yarjejeniya Ta 'Yanci da aka amince da ita a 1955, wanda ya yi amfani da yare masu ra'ayin wariyar launin fata sabanin ikirari na Afirka. PAC a lokacin ta dauki Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin kasa ta Afirka ta hanyar "haƙƙin da ba za a iya tauyewa na al'ummar Afirka ba" kuma ta ƙi tallafawa daidaitattun haƙƙin wanda ake zalunta da azzalumai, masu cin zarafi da cin zarafi, masu korar ƙasa da ƴan Afirka - "waɗanda aka kora." Sun dage cewa manufar PAC mai tarihi na mutanen Azaniya ita ce "cikakkiyar 'yanci, 'yanci da 'yancin kai na Afirka." Wannan ya haifar da 'yancin kai na siyasa, zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da soja. An zabi Robert Sobukwe a matsayin shugaban kasa na farko, da Potlako Leballo a matsayin Sakatare Janar.

A ranar 21 ga Maris, 1960, PAC ta shirya yaƙin neman zaɓe na ƙetare dokokin. Jama'a sun taru a garuruwan Sharpeville da Langa inda aka kama Sobukwe da wasu manyan shugabanni kuma daga baya aka yanke musu hukunci bisa laifin tunzura su. An yankewa Sobukwe hukuncin daurin shekaru uku da kuma Potlako Leballo shekaru biyu a gidan yari. Sobukwe ya mutu a Kimberley, lardin Cape, 1978 saboda ciwon daji na huhu. Nan da nan bayan kisan kiyashin Sharpeville, Gwamnatin Jam'iyyar National Party ta haramtawa ANC da PAC a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 1960. PAC ta mayar da martani ta hanyar kafa reshenta dauke da makamai, Azaniya People's Liberation Army.

## Akida
PAC ta bi ra’ayin cewa al’ummar Afirka ne suka kafa gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu saboda mubaya’arsu ga Afirka kawai, kamar yadda Sobukwe ya bayyana a jawabin farko na PAC:

"A siyasance, muna nufin gwamnatin Afirka ta Afirka ta Afirka, ga 'yan Afirka, tare da duk wanda ke bin Afirka bashinsa kawai kuma wanda ke shirye ya amince da mulkin dimokuradiyya na yawancin Afirka ana daukarsa a matsayin dan Afirka."

Pan-Africanism ne tare da ka'idoji uku na kishin ƙasa na Afirka, zamantakewa, da haɗin kan nahiyar. Ra'ayoyinta sun samo asali ne daga koyarwar Anton Lembede, George Padmore, Marcus Garvey, Martin Delany, Kwame Nkrumah, da W. E. B. Du Bois.

PAC da farko ta ba da shawarar wani nau'i na "Dimokradiyyar Socialist Socialist", bisa tushen Afirka da Baƙar fata, tare da manufar ƙirƙirar Afirka ta Kudu (wanda za su sake suna Azania) ga Baƙar fata Afirka ta Kudu, don ware wasu ƙasashe ko ƙabilanci. Ba kamar ra’ayin Majalisar Wakilai ta Afirka game da gurguzu ba, an bayyana PAC cewa ta yi watsi da ra’ayin zalunci, maimakon haka ta mai da hankali ne kawai kan ‘yantar da kasa. Duk da haka, bayaninsu na farko ya lissafta "ajin masu aiki baƙar fata" a matsayin "ƙarfin tuƙi a cikin gwagwarmaya" da 'yan jari-hujja masu farar fata da "masu ra'ayi" masu matsakaicin matsayi. Wadannan abubuwa masu ra'ayin gurguzu an lalata su da karfi tun a shekarun 1990, maimakon haka sun dauki wani matsayi na "masu ra'ayin mazan jiya" wanda ke neman kada ya takura karfin kasuwa da kuma kudurin kin aiwatar da tsarin gurguzu "don sonsa". Majalisar Matasa ta Pan Africanist Congress na Azania ta bayyana sabon shirin a matsayin "aikin wani abu wanda ke kan albashin CIA". Duk da haka, ya zuwa Afrilu 1992, shugabancin jam'iyyar PAC a cikin Majalisar Annual Congress ya daina nuna adawa da shiga cikin shawarwarin kabilanci don kawo karshen mulkin wariyar launin fata.

## Manazarta