Ulrika Eleonora Stålhammar

**Ulrika Eleonora Stålhammar** (1683 a Svenarum – 16 ga Fabrairu 1733 a Björnskog a Hultsjö ), ' yar Sweden ce kuma mai gyaran jiki wadda ta yi aiki a Babban Yaƙin Arewa . An gurfanar da ita a gaban kuliya saboda ta yi aikin soja tana kwaikwayon namiji da kuma auren mace. Ta kasance abin wasan kwaikwayo, adabi, bincike da kuma nune-nunen.

## Bayani
An haifi Ulrika Eleonora Stålhammar ga Laftanar Kanar Johan Stålhammar (1653-1711) da Anna Brita Lood (wanda ya rasu a 1699). Ba a tabbatar da ainihin shekarar haihuwarta ba, domin takardun cocin ba su nan a shekarun 1680. A al'adance ana bayar da shekarar 1683 saboda shekarunta a lokacin mutuwarta a 1733 ana bayar da su ne a matsayin shekaru 50. Koma dai mene ne, an haife ta ne bayan babbar 'yar uwarta Elisabet Catharina, wacce aka haifa a 1680, kuma kafin babbar 'yar uwarta, Brita Christina, wacce aka haifa a 1689, , kuma sau da yawa ana bayar da 1683 ko 1688 a matsayin shekarar haihuwarta. Ta na da 'yan'uwa mata biyar: Elisabet Catharina (1680-1730), Brita Christina (1689-1749), Maria Sofia (1690-1766), Gustaviyana Margareta (1691-?) da Anna Brita (1696-1756). Mahaifinta Johan Stålhammar shi kansa tsohon soja ne na yakin, amma ya kusan lalace bayan ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 1702.

An rene ta a gidan sarauta na Stensjö. Daga baya Ulrika ta ce ta daɗe tana jin daɗin ayyukan da ake bai wa maza, cewa ba ta taɓa koyon wani aikin da mata ke yi ba kwata-kwata. Ta ce mutanen da suka ga yadda take farauta da hawa doki sun gaya mata cewa abin kunya ne cewa ba namiji ba ne, don haka za a "yi amfani da baiwarta sosai a duniya".  Bayan mutuwar mahaifinta mai yawan bashi a shekara ta 1711, ita da 'yan'uwanta mata biyar ba su da kuɗi, kuma an ba su jinginar gida. Sun dogara ga sadakar dangi kuma sun shiga auren da aka tsara tare da mutanen da suke ganin sun fi ƙanƙanta don su biya bukatunsu: cikin shekaru huɗu da mutuwar mahaifinta, duk 'yan'uwanta mata sun yi aure. Ulrika, wacce ta kalli 'yan'uwanta mata suna shiga aure mara daɗi, ba ta son yin aure, kuma a watan Maris na shekara ta 1713, ta saka tufafin mahaifinta, ta saci doki daga barga ta gudu daga gida. An ruwaito cewa ta "tsere daga auren da aka yi niyyar yi wanda bai dace da ita ba". 

Ta ɗauki sunan Vilhelm Edstedt. Tana da shirin shiga soja tun daga farko, kuma "ta daɗe tana neman damar shiga soja, tana aiki har zuwa lokacin a matsayin *taffeltäckare* ga Gwamna Mannerborg a Åbo, da kuma bawa ga laftanar Casper Johan Berch". 

## Aikin soja da aure
A ƙarshe Ulrika Eleonora Stålhammar ta shiga aikin soja a matsayin mai harba makamai a Kalmar a ranar 15 ga Oktoba 1715 a ƙarƙashin sunan Vilhelm Edstedt. Ba ta shiga yaƙin ba, domin an tura ta cikin sansanin Kalmar, wanda ba a ga wani abu ba a lokacin Yaƙin Arewa Mai Girma . Duk da haka, ta yi nasara a cikin halayenta na ƙwararru kuma daga ƙarshe aka ɗaukaka ta zuwa matsayin kofur. An ruwaito cewa ta fi son yin hayar ɗaki maimakon ta kwana a barikin. An yarda da wannan kuma an yarda da shi, kodayake ba a saba gani ba a tsakanin sojoji na yau da kullun, waɗanda galibi ba sa son kashe ƙaramin albashinsu kan shirye-shiryen barci na musamman.

A ranar jajibirin Sabuwar Shekara ta 1716, ta yi aure da wata mai aiki mai suna Maria Lönnman, kuma ta auri 15 ga Afrilu na wannan shekarar. Daga baya aka ruwaito cewa Löhnman ta yi tunanin cewa Stålhammar ba ta da ƙarfin hali, amma ta gamsu da rayuwa ba tare da jima'i ba, domin a da an yi mata fyade . Daga ƙarshe Ulrika ta bayyana jima'inta, kuma suka ci gaba da rayuwa cikin farin ciki a cikin abin da daga baya aka bayyana a matsayin haɗin "ƙaunar ruhaniya". 

A shekara ta 1724, 'yar uwarta Elisabet Catharina ta ji labarin abin da ta yi. Ta yi mamakin yadda aka yi mata suturar da kuma auren jinsi ɗaya, sai ta rubuta wa Ulrika cewa ta aikata "zunubi ba tare da nufin Allah ba". 

Ulrika ta yi wa 'yar uwarta alƙawarin barin aikin soja, amma ba ta yi hakan ba sai a ranar 25 ga Agusta 1726. Ta rubuta wa goggonta mai arziki, matar marigayi kawunta, mai filaye Sofia Drake, wasiƙa, ta nemi kariya daga Maria da kanta. Sofia Drake ta sa ɗanta ya kawo Ulrika Eleonora da Maria daga Kalmar. Drake ta shirya a kwantar da Stålhammar tare da 'yan uwa a ƙasar a Värmland, don ta saba da sake sanya kayan mata a hankali, yayin da aka ba Maria mafaka a gidan sarauta na Drake, Salshult a wajen Vetlanda a Småland . [1] A wani lokaci, ma'auratan sun sami damar haɗuwa a gidan sarauta na Silfversparre da ke Gullaskruv, inda aka ba Maria mafaka na ɗan lokaci: ba a ambaci irin yanayin da suka haɗu ba. Da alama Maria Lönman ta yi wa Drake kyakkyawan ra'ayi.

## Shari'a da hukunci
Yin kamar mace ce da ba ta da jinsi ɗaya, a ƙarƙashin dokar da ake amfani da ita a yanzu, babban laifi ne na addini wanda za a iya hukunta shi da kisa. Jita-jita suna yaɗuwa game da Stålhammar. A tsakiyar lokacin rani na 1728, bisa shawarar iyalinta, Ulrika ta tafi Helsingör a Denmark, ta rubuta wa gwamnatin Sweden wasiƙar ikirari ta kuma nemi afuwarta.  Stålhammar ta nemi afuwar Sarki saboda: "Jinsina mai rauni, wanda idan da tawali'u, aminci da juriya cikin shekaru goma ta yi wa masarautar Sweden hidima".  Ta koma wurin Sofia Drake a Salshult, daga nan ta kai ƙara ga hukumomi a Jönköping .

A ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 1729, an gurfanar da Ulrika Eleonora Stålhammar da Maria Lönman a gaban kotu a Kalmar. Kotun Kalmar ba ta san a kan tuhumar da za a gurfanar da su ba, kuma ta tuntubi babbar kotun Göta hovrätt da ke Jönköping. Bayan duba Littafi Mai Tsarki, an tuhumi Stålhammar da "keta umarnin Allah" ta hanyar yin ado kamar namiji, da kuma "yin ba'a ga aure" ta hanyar auren jinsi ɗaya. 

An kuma tuhumi Stålhammar da laifin auren wani jinsi ɗaya, Maria Löhnman. Ta amsa cewa "ƙauna mai ƙarfi" ce ta yi wa Löhnman kuma ta yanke shawarar "zama tare da ita".  Ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta kamu da soyayyarta a lokacin mafarki, kuma ta nemi aurenta. Bayan wani lokaci na soyayya da wasiƙu, Löhnman ta amince da buƙatarta. Kwanaki 14 bayan aurensu, Stålhammar, "bayan nishi da hawaye da yawa", ta shaida wa Löhnman cewa wataƙila ba "mutumin da ya dace ba ne", kuma ta bayyana kanta.  Maria Löhnman ta zarge ta, amma ta yi alƙawarin ba za ta bayyana ta ba don kada ta cutar da ita kuma a ƙarshe ta ce: "Idan haka ne, kada ku yi baƙin ciki. Godiya ga Allah, hakan bai taɓa zama abin damuwa a gare ni ba." 

Maria Löhnman ta shaida cewa da farko ta yi tunanin Stålhammar a matsayin mai lalata . Amma ta amsa cewa ta fi son Stålhammar tun lokacin da ta gano ainihin jinsinta, kuma ba za ta taɓa cin amanarta ba, amma ta yi addu'a ga Allah cewa ba za a taɓa bayyana lamarin ba kuma ba za a kira Stålhammar su yi hidima don su kasance tare da juna har abada ba.

## Manazarta