Kabari na Blandford

Kabarin Blandford wani kabari ne na tarihi wanda ke cikin Petersburg, Virginia . Ya ƙunshi ragowar mutane na kowane aji da kabilanci da kuma tsoffin sojoji na kowane yakin Amurka.  Blandford tana da kabari na mutane 30,000 da aka kashe a Siege of Petersburg (1864-65) da sauran yaƙe-yaƙe a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Amurka. Sunayen sojoji 3,700 ne kawai aka sani. An jera Kabarin Blandford a cikin National Register of Historic Places a cikin 1992, a wani bangare ta hanyar kokarin Charlotte Irving, shugaban farko na Tarihin Blandford Cemetery Foundation .  Baya ga wannan kabari na tarihin Afirka na Amurka da aka tattauna a ƙasa, yana kusa da Kabari na Tunawa da Jama'a, wani kabari na Afirka na tarihi, da ƙananan makabarta da ke dauke da ƙarin matattu daga dogon Siege na Petersburg da Battle of the Crater a 1864. 

Ikilisiyar Blandford ta Tarihi kuma tana kusa da makabarta. Kodayake an cire shi sama da ƙarni guda, yana da abin tunawa na Confederate wanda ke da cikakken windows wanda aka tsara ta Tiffany studios.

## Tarihi
Babban Taron Virginia ya kafa Bristol Parish a cikin 1643 don yin hidima ga masu mulkin mallaka waɗanda ke motsawa zuwa yamma kuma suna zaune a gefen Kogin James da Kogin Appomattox. Shekara guda bayan haka (a mayar da martani ga tashin hankali na 'yan asalin Amurka) ya ba da umarnin gina Fort Henry (a karkashin umarnin Ibrahim Wood) da sauran sansanoni don kare ƙauyuka a gefen kudu na Kogin James. Ginin ya zama cibiyar kasuwanci (wanda surukin Wood Peter Jones Jr. ya kafa) kuma an kafa makabarta a kusa, kamar yadda ɗakin sujada. Tsohon dutse, wanda ke nuna kabarin Richard Yarbrough, ya karanta 1702, kuma akwai wasu rikice-rikice game da ko an binne Yarborough a wannan wurin, musamman tun lokacin da aka ƙaura da alamar John Herbert (wanda ya mutu a 1704) daga tsohon gidansa "Puddleduck" a ƙarshen karni na 19. A cikin 1724 Bristol Parish ya ƙunshi iyalai 450 (ko kimanin mutane 1100 masu biyan ushiri). Koyaya, a shekara ta 1733 Ferry Chapel (wanda aka gina da itace) ya faɗi cikin mummunar lalacewa, kuma a cikin 1735 an raba Ikklisiya, tare da sabbin Ikklisiyoyin Dale da Raleigh da ke aiki da yankunan yamma. Duk da haka, masallacin ya sami ƙasa a kan wani wuri mai ban sha'awa sama da Kogin Appomattox kuma ya kafa kwamitin gini. Colonel Robert Bolling (wanda a baya aka ba shi izinin gina tashar binciken taba, yana nuna muhimmiyar sabuwar kasuwanci a yankin), Major William Poythress da Kyaftin William Starke sun yi kwangila tare da Colonel Thomas Ravenscroft don gina coci na tubali a kan Well's Hill, wanda aka jinkirta ta hanyar shari'a amma an kammala shi don amfani da shi a ranar 13 ga Agusta, 1737. A farkon shekara ta 1738 an kafa Petersburg a kan ƙasashen Ibrahim Jones, kuma William Poythress nan da nan ya kafa wani yanki da ake kira Blandford a ƙasashensa. Babban Taron Virginia ya ba da hayar ƙauyuka biyu a cikin shekara ta 1748. A shekara ta 1752 ta kafa Dinwiddie County daga abin da ya kasance babban Prince George County, tare da ba da izini ga gari na uku a yankin, wanda ake kira Pocahontas, a arewacin Kogin Appomattox a fadin Blandford da Petersburg. Shekaru goma bayan haka, masallacin ya ba da izinin bango na tubali don rufe cocin, kuma a wannan lokacin cocin tubali ya zama sananne da Cocin Blandford. Koyaya, Petersburg kuma tana da wurin binnewa, kamar yadda shuke-shuke na mutum suka yi. Bayan yakin juyin juya hali, an kafa garuruwan Petersburg, Blandford da Pocahontas a matsayin yankin Petersburg, kuma an tsara ƙarin kuri'a a kan tsohuwar ƙasar Bolling tsakanin Blandford da Petersburg. Cocin Blandford kuma ya sami ƙarin ƙasa kuma ya kewaye shi da bango a shekara ta 1801. Koyaya, watakila a wani bangare saboda rushewar Ikilisiyar Episcopal da sayar da ƙasashenta, an yi amfani da cocin Blandford sau shida a kowace shekara ta 1799 kuma an sayar da ƙasashen glebe a 1801. Ba da daɗewa ba, an watsar da makabartar kuma ta lalace kuma Birnin Petersburg ya saye ta a cikin 1819 .

Tsakanin 1820 da 1865, wurin binnewa ya zama makabartar gari, da kuma wurin nuna kayan aikin ƙarfe na birnin. Kodayake bai taɓa dacewa da ma'anar makabartar ƙauyuka ba (kuma ya ci gaba da shirin grid dinsa), wannan lambu da motsi mai mahimmanci da kuma wani lokacin al'adun makoki masu tsanani sun haifar da ci gabanta. Birnin Petersburg ya bunƙasa kuma ya bunƙata a matsayin cibiyar masana'antu, tare da masana'antun taba shida a shekara ta 1835 kuma a shekara ta 1850 ya zama birni na uku mafi girma a Virginia. A cikin 1840 wani rukuni na mazajen Afirka na Amurka sun sami kadada na ƙasa a fadin hanya daga Kabari na Blandford, wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama Kabari na Tunawa da Jama'a kuma ɗayan manyan makabarta na Afirka na Virginia. Sauran makabarta na Afirka ta Amurka da ke kusa da su an san su da East View, Wilkerson's Memorial Cemetery da Little Church cemetery, amma a cikin 1851 a kan roƙon Councilman William Hinton, Majalisar Birnin Petersburg ta ba da izinin binne 'yan Afirka ta Amirka a wani yanki mai nisa a gefen gabashin Kabari na Blandford, wanda shinge ya raba. A shekara ta 1854, birnin ya sayi kadada 20 don fadada Kabari na Blandford  A ƙarshen shekaru goma, Robert Buckner Bolling ya gina wani dutse da marmara mausoleum ga matattu na iyalinsa wanda ke da burin zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyau da kuma girman irin sa a Kudancin Jihohin. 

A lokacin yakin basasar Amurka, ba wai kawai Petersburg ta aika da sojoji da yawa don yin yaƙi a cikin Sojojin Tarayyar Amurka ba, ya zama muhimmiyar masana'antu, asibiti da cibiyar makamai. Jirgin kasa ta hanyar Petersburg ya ba jihar da babban birnin Confederate a Richmond muhimman kayayyaki, don haka ya zama manufa a ƙarshen rikici. Siege na Petersburg ya kasance daga Yuni 15, 1864, har sai birnin ya mika wuya a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 1865, tare da tudun makabartar ya zama manufa mai mahimmanci saboda ra'ayinsa akan birnin da kuma muhimmiyar gadar jirgin kasa a kan Kogin Appomattox. Kabarin ya kasance kai tsaye a bayan Gracie's Colquitt's da Elliott's salients a cikin layin kewaye. A kan hanyar ƙofar an rubuta dutse mai suna "Our Confederate Heroes" tare da kwanakin 1861-1865 da 1866-1913.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan yaƙin, Nora Fontaine Maury Davidson, malamar makaranta wacce tare da 'yan uwanta mata biyu suka kafa Makarantar Confederate (daga baya aka sake masa suna Davidson's Seminary), ta zama mai ba da shawara mai sha'awar canza Kabari na Blandford zuwa masallacin Confederate. Wasu asusun sun ce ta jagoranci ɗalibanta don yin ado da kaburbura na waɗanda suka mutu a cikin bazara na 1865. Koyaya, a cikin tarihinta, Cullings from the Confederacy: A collection of Southern Poems, Original and Others, Popular during the War Between the States and Incidents and Facts worth remembrance, 1862-1865 (1903), ta ambaci ɗaukar ɗalibai 80 a ranar 26 ga Mayu, 1866, don yin ado da waɗanda aka kashe a ranar kwashe Petersburg. Davidson ya musanta kasancewa memba na Memorial Society of the Ladies of the City of Petersburg, wanda aka kafa a ranar 20 ga Mayu, nan da nan yana da mambobi 200 kuma wanda ya sanya kayan ado a kan kaburbura a ranar 9 ga Yuni, 1866, Ranar Tunawa da "Yaƙin Tsofaffi da Yara" da ke kare birnin. A kowane lokaci Kabari na Blandford ya zama shafin daya daga cikin bukukuwan Ranar Kyau na farko. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1868, matar Janar John A. Logan ta ziyarci Cocin Blandford kuma ta lura da furanni da ƙananan tutar Confederate a kan kaburbura na sojoji, kamar yadda ta rubuta a cikin wani labarin Los Angeles Daily Times na 1903 da kuma a cikin littafinta Remniscences of a Soldier's Wife . A ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1868, Janar Logan ya ba da Janar Order No. 11 mai suna Mayu 30 a matsayin ranar da za a yi ado da kaburbura na abokan aikinsu da suka mutu don kare ƙasarsu a lokacin tawaye. Janar Logan ya kuma ba da shawara a cikin Babban Sojojin Jamhuriyar (babban ƙungiyar tsoffin soji) yana kira ga kiyaye Ranar Tunawa. Mutanen yankin sun ce Ranar Decoration ta zama wahayi ga Ranar Tunawa ta Tarayya, wanda dokar Majalisa ta kafa a 1971 a matsayin Litinin na ƙarshe a watan Mayu.

A cikin 2014 Bellware da Gardiner sun watsar da wannan da'awar a cikin *Farawa na Ranar Tunawa a Amurka*, suna nuna cewa Janar Logan yana sane da bukukuwan kudancin Ranar Tunaira kafin tafiyar matarsa zuwa Virginia a 1868 kuma ya ambaci su a cikin jawabi a 1866. 

A shekara ta 1884 kungiyar tunawa da mata ta tara kudi don gina wani Gothic arch a cikin ƙarfe a ƙofar Memorial Hill, wanda aka rubuta "Our Confederate Dead" a gefe ɗaya a kan "Waiting for Reveille" a baya. A shekara ta 1889, Ƙungiyar Tunawa da Mata ta kafa dutse na kusurwa don abin tunawa na dutse tare da babban soja na tagulla a saman Memorial Hill, yana mai lura da cewa an kawo ragowar don sake binnewa daga manyan fagen yaƙi na Fredericksburg, Manassas, Wilderness, Spottsylvania da Sharpsburg da ke kusa. A cikin 1912 an sadaukar da wani abin tunawa ga mambobi 31 na New Orleans 'Washington Artillery waɗanda suka mutu a lokacin Siege of Petersburg . Ƙarin sake binnewa ya faru a ƙarshen shekara ta 1992.[1]￼

A cikin 1900, Ladies Memorial Associateion ya fara canza Cocin Blandford zuwa gidan jana'izar da ɗakin sujada na tunawa.

Saboda lalata a cikin 1986 da 1987, gami da kabarin Richard Yarbrough, Gidauniyar ta sake gina ƙofofin. don sanya shi mafi aminci. Kabarin ya sha wahala mai tsanani a cikin Guguwar Isabel a shekara ta 2003, tare da manyan da ƙananan bishiyoyi da aka tumɓuke, kuma wasu kayan ƙarfe da kaburbura na tebur sun murkushe.

## Abubuwan da aka sani da binnewa

* Janar Cullen A. YakinCullen A. Yaƙi
* Colonel Robert Bolling (1646-1709) ɗan kasuwa da kuma shuka ɗan Ingila
* John Herbert Claiborne (1828-1905) ɗan siyasa kuma mai kula da kiwon lafiya
* Joseph Cotten (1905-1994) fim, mataki, rediyo da kuma dan wasan talabijin
* Patrick H. Drewry (1875-1947) ɗan siyasa ne
* James Gholson (1798-1848) ɗan siyasa
* Alfred W. Harris, lauyan Afirka na Amurka kuma dan majalisa
* Alva Curtis Hartsfield (?-Mayu 15, 1864): daya daga cikin dalibai 10 daga Cibiyar Sojojin Virginia da aka kashe a yakin New Market a ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1864.
* Luther Porter Jackson (1892-1950), farfesa kuma ɗan tarihi na Amurka
* Francis R. Lassiter (1866-1909), Wakilin Amurka
* Frank Lyon (1867-1955), lauyan Amurka, mai wallafa jarida kuma mai haɓaka ƙasa 
* Babban Janar William Mahone, matarsa Oteleya da danginsa
* Benjamin McCandlish, Commodore na Sojan Ruwa na Amurka kuma tsohon Gwamnan Sojan Rukunin Guam . 
* Margherita Wood McCandlish (1892-1954), tsohuwar Uwargidan Shugaban Amurka ta Guam .  
* William Robertson McKenney, wakilin Amurka
* Patricia Medina (1919-2012) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Burtaniya.
* Manjo Janar William Phillips
* William Roy Smith (1920-1993), memba na Virginia House of Delegates 
* Mary Tannahill (1863-1951) mai zane
* Edward Carrington Venable, wakilin Amurka
* Janar Janar David A. Weisiger na Confederate Brigadier
* Florence Saunders Farley (1928-2022), 'yar siyasa wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mace ta farko da ba ta da kyau a birnin Petersburg, Virginia

## Manazarta