open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tsibirin Bà Lụa

**Tsibirin Bà Lụa** ( Vietnamese   ) tsibiri ne da ke a Tekun Tekun Thailand . Ya ƙunshi gundumar Sơn Hải na gundumar Kiên Lương, Lardin Kiên Giang, Vietnam . An san tsibirin da sunan "(Ƙananan) Ha Long na Kudu".

## Etymology
Akwai fassarori daban-daban da dama ga sunan tsibiran. Wasu majiyoyi sun bayyana cewa Bà Lụa ita ce matar ɗan ƙasar Bietnam ta kasar Sin na wani babban Bafaranshe da ta zo nan don yin amfani da yankin; Tun da duk takardun shari'a da suka danganci suna cikin sunanta, ana kiran tsibirin Bà Lụa.   Mawallafin Anh Dong ya yi iƙirarin cewa *Bà Lụa* ("Lady Silk") shine sunan wata janar ta mace mai kula da kayan aikin soja wacce ta kafa masana'antar siliki a tsibiran don samar da sojojin sa kai na Nguyễn Trung Trực .  Wata majiyar kuma ta ce a shekara ta 1858, wani ɗan feudal mandarin ya auri wata kyakkyawar mace mai taushin hali wadda ta so ta nisanta daga aikin hukuma kuma a ƙarshe ta zauna a tsibirin. Kowace rana tana renon tsutsotsi da saƙar alharini, don haka ana kiran tsibirin Bà Lụa tun daga lokacin. 

## Geography

Tsibirin, wanda aka samo shi daga ƙananan duwatsun Paleozoic sedimentary,  ya ƙunshi kusan tsibiran 34  (ko 42  ) da ke bazuwa a kan  yankin ruwa.  Yankin tsibirin yana da kusan  .  Hòn Heo shine mafi girman mahalli. Re Lớn yana da mafi girman tsayin  .  Ban da Hòn Heo, babu ɗayan sauran da ke da matsayi mafi girma da ya wuce  . Tsibiri sune Hòn Heo, Hòn Ngang da Hòn Nhum.  Yankin tekun da ke kewaye da tsibirin ba shi da zurfi, kuma a wurare da yawa, mutane suna iya tafiya daga tsibirin zuwa tsibiri yayin da ake fama da ƙarancin ruwa . 

**Hòn Heo** (a zahiri "Tsibirin Pig") shine tsibiri mafi girma na Bà Lụa. Yana da kusan  a cikin kewaye kuma yana da yanki na    .  tare da kololuwar  .  Sunansa ya samo asali ne daga gaskiyar cewa Faransanci sun gina wani piggery a tsibirin a cikin 1918.  Anan ya ta'allaka ne da Ofishin Kwamitin Jama'a na Son Hai Commune. 

; Jerin tsibiran da ba su cika ba  

## Tarihin gudanarwa

* A ranar 14 ga Janairu 1983, an kafa gundumar Kiên Hải tare da ƙungiyoyi shida da suka haɗa da Bà Lụa Commune  waɗanda ke gudanar da tsibiran Bà Lụa.
* A ranar 27 ga Satumba 1983, an sake sunan Bà Lụa Commune zuwa Sơn Hải Commune (Kiên Hải Gundumar). 
* Tun daga 17 ga Agusta 2000, Sơn Hải Commune yana ƙarƙashin ikon gundumar Kiên Lương. 

## Manazarta
Shirin Hasken Rana na Jalaun

**Jalaun Solar Power Project** tashar samar da wutar lantarki ce ta hasken rana wacce ta mamaye kauyuka biyu na Kuhana da Shajahanpur a gundumar Jalaun na Uttar Pradesh . Kamfanin Essel Infraprojects Limited, wani reshe na Essel Group ne ya haɓaka wannan shuka. An baje shukar a kan ƙasa mai girman eka 250 kuma ana sa ran za ta samar da raka'a miliyan 85 a kowace shekara kuma ana haɗa ta da tashoshin Sarsela-Kalpi 132 KV. 

Babban ministan UP Akhilesh Yadav ne ya kaddamar da kamfanin a ranar 27 ga Janairu 2016 a ƙarƙashin tsarin Uttar Pradesh Solar Power Policy 2013 . An rattaba hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Siyan Wuta (PPA) tsakanin UP Government da Essel Infraprojects Limited wacce ke aiki tsawon shekaru 25. 

## Manazarta
Tsofaffin Dryas

**Tsohon Dryas** wani lokaci ne mai sanyi (sanyi) tsakanin Bølling da Allerød interstadials (saukan zafi),  kimanin shekaru 14,000 Kafin Gabatarwa, zuwa ƙarshen Pleistocene . Ba a fayyace kewayon kwananta da kyau ba, tare da kiyasin ya bambanta da shekaru 400, amma an yarda cewa tsawon lokacin ya kasance kusan ƙarni biyu.

Rashin zafi a hankali tun lokacin Last Glacial Maximum (shekaru 27,000 zuwa 24,000 BP) an katse shi da sanyi biyu: Tsohon Dryas da Matasa Dryas (c. 12,900-11,650 BP). A arewacin Scotland, kankara sun fi kauri kuma sun fi zurfi a lokacin Tsohon Dryas fiye da Younger Dryas da suka biyo baya, kuma babu wata shaida game da aikin ɗan adam na Burtaniya. A Arewa maso yammacin Turai akwai kuma Tsohon Dryas na baya (18.5-17 ka BP 15-14 ka BP).  Ana kiran Dryas ne bayan wani nau'in mai nuna alama, tsire-tsire na Arctic da Alpine *Dryas octopetala*, wanda aka samo ragowar a cikin mafi girma a cikin ajiya daga lokutan sanyi.

Tsohon Dryas ya kasance mai sanyi, lokacin Blytt-Sernander mai bushewa, wanda aka lura a cikin shaidar yanayi a wasu yankuna kawai,  wanda ya dogara da latitude. A yankunan da ba a kiyaye shi ba, ana ɗaukar Bølling-Allerød a matsayin lokaci guda. Shaidar Tsohon Dryas ya fi karfi a arewacin Eurasia, musamman wani ɓangare na Arewacin Turai, kusan daidai da Yankin Pollen Ic.

## Ranar da aka yi
A cikin rikodin isotope na oxygen na Greenland, Tsohon Dryas ya bayyana a matsayin tudu mai saukowa wanda ke kafa karamin rata tsakanin Bølling da Allerød. Wannan tsari yana gabatar da wahala wajen kimanta lokacinsa, saboda ya fi wani batu fiye da wani sashi. Sashe yana da ƙanƙanta don tserewa daga ƙudurin mafi yawan jerin carbon-14, saboda maki ba su da kusanci sosai don samun ɓangaren.

Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da shi ga matsalar yana ba da ma'ana sannan ya zaɓi wani sashi na son rai. Tsohon Dryas wani lokacin ana ɗaukarsa "tsakiya" kusa da 14,100 BP ko kuma ya kasance tsawon shekaru 100 zuwa 150 "a" 14,250 BP.

Hanyar ta biyu tana samun carbon-14 ko wasu kwanakin kusa da ƙarshen Bølling da farkon Allerød kamar yadda zai yiwu sannan ya zaɓi wuraren da suka dogara da su: misali, 14,000-13,700 BP.

## Bayyanawa

Arewacin Turai ya ba da sauyawa na tsaunuka da wuraren tundra dangane da layin permafrost da latitude. A cikin yankuna masu laushi, a kusa da tabkuna da rafi, akwai bishiyoyi na dwarf birch, willow, buckthorn na teku, da juniper. A cikin kwarin kogi da tsaunuka, a kudu, akwai gandun daji na birch.

Itacen farko, birch da Pine, sun bazu zuwa Arewacin Turai shekaru 500 da suka gabata. A lokacin Tsohon Dryas, kankara ta sake ingantawa, kuma bishiyoyi sun koma kudu, don maye gurbin su da cakuda ciyawa da nau'ikan alpine masu sanyi. An kira wurin "Park Tundra," "Arctic tundra,"" "Ar Arctic pioneer vegetation," ko "birch woodlands". "Yanzu yana cikin canji tsakanin taiga da tundra a Siberia. Sa'an nan kuma, ya shimfiɗa daga Siberia zuwa Biritaniya, a cikin wani yanki mai zurfi.

## Manazarta
Hanyar Daidai ta talatin da biyar

**Hanyar Daidaici ta Talatin da Biyar** ita ce ragowar hanyar keken keke a cikin gandun dajin na Petrified Forest. Duk da yake akwai titin jirgin ƙasa da babbar hanyar zamani wacce ke da alaƙa da wurin, ba sa cikin ƙayyadaddun Tarihi.

## Tarihi

Farkon amfani da hanyar a lokutan tarihi shine ta mafarauta, masu tarko, da Indiyawan Amurka . Yayin da Indiyawan Indiyawan suka fi amfani da hanyar dawowa ta zamanin tarihi, mazauna Turai sun fara amfani da shi a cikin shekarun 1830 da 1840, tare da mamayewar da 'yan kasuwa da mafarauta/masu tarko suka yi. With its acquisition of what is today Arizona from Mexico in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, the US Army's Corps of Topographical Engineers began an official survey of the area, which was followed in 1851 by exploration of the area by Lorenzo Sitgreaves on his exploration tour between New Mexico and California.  A matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin binciken shida don hanyar jirgin ƙasa mai wucewa, an bincika hanyar a cikin 1853-54 ta hanyar Amiel Weeks Whipple, wanda ya kammala cikakken cikakken gwajin farko na hanyar.  Daga tsakanin Agusta 1857 zuwa Janairu 1858, Edward Fitzgerald Beale ne ke kula da haɓaka hanyar keken keke, tare da hanyar da Whipple ta shimfida shekaru 3 da suka gabata. Baya ga kasancewar taron wanda ya kafa hanyar keken keke, balaguron Beale ya shahara saboda amfani da raƙuma . Wannan sabon labari ne har aka san hanyar da suna "Tsarin Raƙumi na Beale".  

A cikin 1880s tashar jirgin kasa ta Atlantika da Pacific sun gina sashin yamma don layin dogo na nahiyoyi, wanda yayi daidai da wannan hanyar keken keke. Atchison, Topeka da Santa Fe Railway sun mamaye wannan shimfidar hanya a cikin 1890s. Ta hanyar Santa Fe Railway, wanda a yau yana cikin BNSF Railway, wannan sashin layin dogo wani bangare ne na babban layin dogo. Da zuwan motoci a farkon karni na 20, hanyar keken keke ta rikide zuwa abin da ya zama Hanyar Amurka 66, kuma daga karshe Interstate 40, ko da yake ba a kan daidai wannan hanya ba. Wasu ɓangarorin asali na ainihin hanyar wagon ɗin sun kasance a cikin gandun dajin na Petrified Forest National Park. Babu layin dogo ko babbar hanya ba wani ɓangare na Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa ba. Babu wani tsari na zahiri ko gine-gine a cikin rukunin. 

## Bayani
Hanyar tana tafiya ne a kan wata hanya mai nisan mil ɗaya kudu da gefen hamadar Painted .  Abubuwan da ke cikin hanyar sun shiga cikin gandun daji na Petrified Forest National Park a Navajo Springs, Arizona a gabas, yana tafiya a gaba ɗaya kudu maso yamma na kusan mil shida kafin ya kasance wurin shakatawa a kan iyakar kudu. A waje da wurin akwai tarkacen tashar keken keke wanda ke zaune kusa da Lithodendron Wash, ana iya ganin ragowar titin wagon a matsayin ɓatattun waƙoƙi waɗanda dabbobi suka yanke da ƙafafun kekuna da kociyoyin ƙarfe waɗanda suka bi hanyar a ƙarshen ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon 20th. 

## Manazarta
Kwando mai ciki

**Mujiya mai ciki** ( ***Pulsatrix melanota*** ) wani nau'in mujiya ne a cikin dangin Strigidae . Ana samunsa a Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador da Peru . 

## Taxonomy da kuma tsarin
Iya mai bandeji na iya haifar da wucin gadi da Tawn-mai lilon Owl ( *Pulsatrix Koeniswaldiana* ). An ba da shawarar cewa suna da ƙayyadaddun bayanai amma suna da nau'i daban-daban da kuma sauti.   Owl Bangara Owl yana da tallace-tallace biyu, da nomarate *P. m. melanota* da kuma *P.m. falsafa* . 

## Bayani
Mujiya-cikin bandeji tana da girma sosai, daga  dogo.  Binciken nauyin nauyin tsuntsaye 13 na jinsin biyu ya nuna adadin  da matsakaicin  ku.  Baligi yana da faifan fuskar fuska mai duhu launin ruwan kasa da fari “brows” akan idanuwan jajayen jajayen duhu. Babban ɓangarorinsa duhun cakulan launin ruwan kasa ne tare da tarwatsewar buffy-fari. Ita ma wutsiya tana da launin ruwan kasa, mai sanduna farare sirara. Nono na sama jajayen launin ruwan kasa ne tare da shingen buff. Sauran sassan karkashin fari ne zuwa mai tsami tare da jajayen barring. Ba a yi bayanin nau'in ƙuruciyar yara ba. 

## Rarraba da wurin zama
Ana samun nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan mujiya mai-ƙarfi ana samun su a kan gangaren gabas na Andes daga tsakiyar Colombia zuwa kudu ta Ecuador da Peru. *P. m* Ana samun *philoscia* daga can zuwa yamma ta tsakiya Bolivia. A cikin girma yana daga kusan  . Da farko tana zaune a cikin dajin montane mai danshi da dajin dajin tsaunin tuddai amma kuma ana samunsa a gefuna dazuzzuka da kuma wuraren da aka warwatse da bishiyoyi. 

## Hali

### Ciyarwa
Mujiya-ciki na dare ne. Abincin sa ba a yi nazari sosai ba amma an san ya haɗa da manyan kwari. 

### Kiwo
Ko da yake babu wani bayani da aka buga game da phenology na kiwo na band-bellied owl, ana tsammanin yana cikin gida a cikin raƙuman itace na halitta. 

### Murya
Har ila yau, ba a san surutun mujiya mai kaɗe-kaɗe ba. Yana da "taimako don ba da ɗan gajeren lokaci mai zurfi mai zurfi tare da fashewa da sauri na bayanin kula", kuma an rubuta "zurfi, hoots" a cikin Peru. Ma'aurata suna yin duet. 

## Matsayi
IUCN ta ƙididdige mujiya mai ciki a matsayin mafi ƙarancin damuwa.  Duk da haka, nau'in ba a san shi sosai ba kuma "ana iya yin barazana da asarar wurin zama". 

## Manazarta
Ras Rakan

**Ras Rakan** ( Arabic   ) ita ce wurin arewa mafi tsayi a yankin Qatari kuma tana cikin Al Shamal .  Ita ce yankin arewa-maso-yammacin tsibirin da ake kira Jazirat Ras Rakan, amma da yake tashar da ke tsakanin wannan tsibiri da babban yankin ba za a iya wucewa ta jiragen ruwa ba, Jazirat Ras Rakan ana iya la'akari da shi a matsayin babban yankin arewa na promontory. 

## Wuri
Tsibirin ya kusan  daga gaɓar teku, kuma ana iya isa ta hanyar yawo ta cikin ƙaramin ruwa. Garin arewacin Qatar, Ar-Ruʼays, ya ta'allaka ne  mil kudu-maso-gabas daga tsibirin.  Idan aka tunkare ta daga wajen arewa, ana ganin Ar-Ruʼays kafin a ga Ras Rakan. 

## Bayani
Jazirat Ras Rakkan wani tsibiri ne mai ƙanƙan da kai, mai siffar T, tare da ciyawa a cikinsa.  Akwai wasu qananan itatuwan mangoro a gefen kudu.  Yana kusan  tsayin gabas zuwa yamma, kuma kunkuntar sosai. T-kai, a ƙarshensa na yamma, shine  dogon. 

## Ilimin kimiyyar ruwa
A wani bincike da hukumar kididdiga ta Qatar ta gudanar a shekarar 2010 kan ruwan tekun Ras Rakan da hukumar kididdiga ta Qatar ta gudanar, an gano cewa matsakaicin zurfinsa ya kai  kuma matsakaicin pH ya kasance 7.74. Ruwan yana da salinity na 48.18 psu, matsakaicin zafin jiki na  da 4.86 mg/L na narkar da oxygen. 

## Dabbobin daji
Ras Rakan yana daya daga cikin manyan wuraren tsugunar da kunkuru na teku a Qatar. 

## Manazarta
Andar Char

**Andar Char** ƙauye ne a gundumar Patuakhali a yankin Barisal na kudu ta tsakiya na Bangladesh. Yana kan tsibirin bakin teku a yammacin Bay na Bengal wanda ke da suna iri ɗaya. *Char* wani tsibiri ne da ke haduwa a dalilin yawan gusawar kogi. ƙauyen ya kafa mauza tare da ƙauyen Kabiraj Para.Ya zuwa 2011, akwai mutum 1,609 a ƙauyen, a cikin gidaje 348.

A ranar 7 ga Mayun 2003, Andar Char ya kasance wurin da ' yan fashin teku suka kai hari ga masu jiragen ruwa na kamun kifi 27.  Kwale-kwalen suna bakin teku ne lokacin da 'yan fashi dauke da makamai suka haura, kuma masuntan sun yi asarar kifayen da suka kama, fatsar su, da sauran kayayyaki masu daraja.  An jefa masunta 11 da suka yi yunkurin yin tirjiya a cikin ruwa; 7 daga cikinsu sun nutse yayin da sauran 4 kuma wasu masunta suka ceto. 

## Alkaluma
Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a ta Bangladesh a shekarar 2011, Andar Char yana da yawan mutane 1,609, a cikin gidaje 348, tare da matsakaicin girman gida na mutane 4.6. Yawan jama'a ya hada da maza 830 da mata 779, tare da daidaiton jinsi na 107. Yawan karatun ƙauyen shine 63.9%, gami da 63.8% a tsakanin maza da 64.1% a tsakanin mata. 1,589 daga cikin mazauna kauyen musulmi ne kuma 20 mabiya addinin Hindu ne. Jimlar 42.0% na mazauna ƙauyen shekaru 0 zuwa 19. Ƙauyen yana da jimillar ma'aikata 99, ciki har da maza 93 da mata 6; duk mata da maza sai biyu duk suna aikin noma. Sauran maza biyu suna aiki a sashin sabis. Bugu da ƙari, an ƙidaya mata 76 a matsayin masu aikin gida da farko.

Daga cikin gidaje 348 na ƙauyen, akasarin (67.2%) tsarin kutcha ne, yayin da wani kashi 28.7% jhupri ne sauran kashi 4.0% kuma semi- pucca ne (babu wanda ya cika pucca). 21.8% na gidaje suna da bandaki mai tsafta tare da hatimin ruwa, 47.4% suna da bandaki masu tsafta ba tare da hatimin ruwa ba, 26.1% suna da bandaki marasa tsafta, sauran kashi 4.6% kuma ba su da bandaki.  Duk gidaje sun sami ruwan sha ta rijiyar bututu, haka kuma duk gidaje sun kasance mallakarsu maimakon hayar.

## Manazarta
Dutsen Azumaya

Dutsen Azumaya (四阿山, Azumaya-san) tsibiri ne a ƙasar Japan. Mai tsayin mita 2,354 (7,723 ft) yana kan iyakar Nagano Prefecture da Gunma Prefecture. Akwai madadin rubutun sunan dutse, kamar: 吾妻山 da 吾嬬山 da ake karantawa a matsayin "Agatsuma-yama" (Dutsen Agatsuma). A ƙauyen Tsumagoi, an rubuta dutsen 吾妻山.

Bai kamata a rikita dutsen da Dutsen Azumaya (四阿屋山, Azumaya-san) wanda akwai biyu, daya a Nagano Prefecture ɗayan kuma a Saitama Prefecture. Kodayake karatun iri ɗaya ne, sunan da aka rubuta a cikin Kanji ya bambanta da dutse a cikin wannan labarin.

## Bayani
An kafa dutsen Azumaya tsakanin shekaru 900,000 zuwa 300,000 da suka gabata ta hanyar lava na andesite da ke fitowa daga wani dutse mai aman wuta.  Wani fashewa shekaru 340,000 da suka gabata ya haifar da wani yanki mai tsawon kilomita 3 a diamita.  Ta hanyar zaizayar kasa dutsen ya isa ga yadda yake a yanzu tare da kololuwa da yawa.  Volcano na Azumaya (四阿火山, Azumaya-kazan) shine kalmar gabaɗaya don kololuwar da ke kwance a kusa da da'ira: Dutsen Neko (根子岳, Neko-dake), Dutsen Azumaya, Dutsen Urakura (浦倉山, Urakura-yama), Dutsen Kimy.

Shahararren yankin Sugadaira Kōgen ski ana samunsa a gefen dutsen kudu maso yamma (Nagano-).  Haka kuma a gefen Gunma akwai wurin da ake yin kankara.  Bugu da kari, arewacin dutsen ya ta'allaka ne da Yonakodaibakufu (米子大瀑布) wanda shine daya daga cikin Manyan Ruwan Ruwa na Japan 100.

## Manyan hanyoyin hawa
Dutsen yana da alaƙa da hanyoyi masu yawa na tafiya:

* Sugadai-bokujō (菅平牧場) - Mount Neko (根子岳, Neko-dake) - Mount Azumaya
* Azumaya Kōgen (四阿高原) - Mount Azumaya
* Torii Ridge (鳥居峠, toriitōge) - Mount Azumaya
* Palcall Tsumagoi (パルコール嬬恋) - Mount Azumaya

: Gondola (Gondola Palcabin) daga Palcall Tsumagoi yana aiki a lokacin bazara kuma ana iya amfani dashi don hawa dutsen

## Dutsen da ke kusa

* Dutsen Neko (根子岳, Neko-dake) (2,207m)
Tsibirin Banana (Qatar)

**Tsibirin Banana**  ( Arabic   ) wani karamin tsibiri ne a Qatar wanda Power International Holding ya gina.   Yankinsa mai siffar jinjirin wata ne kuma yana bakin gabar babban birnin Doha . Tsibiri ne na wucin gadi a cikin Tekun Fasha .  Banana Island Resort Doha na Anantara ya gina a can. 

Tsibirin ya    kuma yana da nata marina da reefs. An kammala ginin gaba ɗaya a shekara ta 2015.  Yana da ciyayi iri-iri kamar itatuwan dabino da lambuna da kayan marmari na masu yawon bude ido. 

## Manazarta
Dutsen Adatara

Dutsen Adatara (安達太良山, Adatara-yama) dutse ne mai fashewa a cikin Fukushima Prefecture, na Japan .

Tana da tazarar kilomita 15 kudu maso yamma da birnin Fukushima da gabashin Dutsen Bandai. Fashewar fashewar ta na ƙarshe shine a cikin 1996. [Wani fashewa a cikin 1900 ya kashe ma'aikata 72 a wata ma'adinan sulfur da ke cikin kogin koli.

## Tarihi
Dutsen a haƙiƙanin tsaunuka ne da yawa da ke samar da faffadan gandun daji. Yana kusa da Dutsen Azuma, dutsen mai aman wuta a arewa. Ana kiran kololuwar Minowa-yama. Ita ce kololuwar kololuwa a cikin kewayon Adatara, wanda ya kai kimanin kilomita 9 daga arewa zuwa kudu.&nbsp;

Dutsen koli mai aiki yana kewaye da maɓuɓɓugan zafi da fumaroles. An yi aikin hakar sulfur a cikin karni na 19. Wani fashewa a cikin ramin a watan Yulin 1900 ya kashe masu hakar ma’adinai 72, ya jikkata wasu 10 kuma ya lalata ma’adinan sulfur gaba daya. Wakoki game da Dutsen Adatara na Kōtarō Takamura daga littafinsa "Chieko-sho" sun taimaka wajen yin shahara..

## Hotuna

Fayil:Adatara_Volcano_Relief_Map,_SRTM-1.jpg|Massif of Adatara Volcano
Fayil:Mount_Adatara,_Numanotaira.JPG|Numanotaira Crater
Fayil:Summit_of_Mt.Adatara_02.jpg|Summit
Dutsen Amherst

**Dutsen Amherst** yana da  taron a La Plata County, Colorado, Amurka.

## Bayani
Dutsen Amherst yana cikin tsaunin allura waɗanda yanki ne na tsaunin San Juan .  Dutsen mai nisa yana  arewa maso gabas na al'ummar Durango kuma ya kafa a cikin jejin Weminuche a ƙasar dajin San Juan National Forest . Ruwan hazo daga gangaren dutsen yana magudawa zuwa Vallecito Creek wanda ke gabar kogin Los Pinos . Taimakon Topographic yana da mahimmanci yayin da taron ya tashi  sama da Vallecito Creek a cikin  da kusan  sama da Johnson Creek a cikin  . Hukumar {asar Amirka ta kar~i sunan toponym na dutsen akan Sunayen Geographic,  kuma an rubuta shi a cikin wallafe-wallafe tun aƙalla 1906. 

## Yanayi
Dangane da tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen, Dutsen Amherst yana cikin yankin yanayi mai tsaunuka mai tsayi tare da sanyi, lokacin sanyi, da sanyi ga lokacin zafi.  Saboda tsayinsa, yana samun hazo duk shekara, kamar dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin sanyi, da kuma kamar tsawa a lokacin rani, tare da lokacin bushewa a ƙarshen bazara.

## Manazarta
Gishiri na Quaternary

QuaterNa glaciation, wanda aka fi sani da Pleistocene glaciation. Kodayake masana ilimin ƙasa sun bayyana wannan lokacin har zuwa yanzu a matsayin "lokacin ƙanƙara", a cikin al'adun gargajiya wannan kalmar yawanci tana nufin lokacin glacial na baya-bayan nan, ko kuma zamanin Pleistocene gabaɗaya. Tun da Duniya har yanzu tana da kankara, masu ilimin ƙasa suna la'akari da Quaternary glaciation don ci gaba, kodayake a halin yanzu a cikin lokacin interglacial.

A lokacin Quaternary glaciation, kankara ya bayyana, yana fadada a lokacin glacial da kuma kwangila a lokacin interglacial. Tun daga ƙarshen lokacin glacial na ƙarshe, kawai kankara na Antarctic da Greenland sun tsira, yayin da wasu takalma da aka kafa a lokacin glacial, kamar Laurentide Ice Sheet, sun narke gaba ɗaya. 

Babban tasirin glaciation na Quaternary sun kasance rushewa ƙasa da kuma zubar da kayan; gyare-gyaren tsarin kogin; sauka da miliyoyin tabkuna, gami da ci gaban tabkuna masu ruwan sama da ke nesa da gefen kankara; canje-canje a matakin teku; gyarewar isostatic na ɓawon duniya; ambaliyar ruwa; da isostatic iska. Gilashin kankara, ta hanyar ɗaga albedo (rashin hasken rana da aka nuna daga Duniya zuwa sararin samaniya), ya samar da mahimman ra'ayoyi don kara sanyaya yanayi. Wadannan tasirin sun tsara yanayin ƙasa da na teku da al'ummomin halittu.

Tsawon lokaci kafin glaciation na Quaternary, kankara na ƙasa ya bayyana sannan ya ɓace a cikin akalla wasu shekarun kankara huɗu. Za'a iya la'akari da glaciation na Quaternary a matsayin wani ɓangare na Late Cenozoic Ice Age wanda ya fara 33.9 Ma kuma yana ci gaba.

## Bincike
An fara fahimtar shaidar Quaternary glaciation a cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Juyin Juya Halin Kimiyya. A cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe, lura da yawa a fagen ya ba da shaida cewa kankara na nahiyar sun rufe manyan sassan Turai, Arewacin Amurka, da Siberia. An tattara taswirar siffofin glacial bayan shekaru da yawa na aikin gona ta daruruwan masana kimiyyar ƙasa waɗanda suka tsara wurin da daidaitawar drumlins, eskers, moraines, striations, da tashoshin rafi na glacial don bayyana girman kankara, jagorancin gudana, da tsarin tashoshin ruwa. Sun kuma ba da damar masana kimiyya su fassara tarihin ci gaba da yawa da kuma koma baya na kankara. Ko da kafin a yarda da ka'idar glaciation na duniya gabaɗaya, masu kallo da yawa sun fahimci cewa fiye da ci gaba ɗaya da koma baya na kankara sun faru.

## Manazarta
Kusan sauye-sauye na shekara-shekara

Tsakanin oscillation na kusan shekaru biyu (**QBO**) wani oscillation ne na kusan lokaci-lokaci na iska ta equatorial tsakanin gabas da yamma a cikin stratosphere na wurare masu zafi tare da matsakaicin lokacin watanni 28 zuwa 29. Tsarin iska mai sauyawa yana tasowa a saman ƙananan stratosphere kuma yana yaduwa ƙasa a kusan    a kowane wata har sai sun ɓace a tropopause. Motsi zuwa ƙasa na gabas yawanci ba dai-dai ba ne fiye da na gabas. Girman matakin gabas yana da kusan sau biyu fiye da na matakin yamma. A saman yanki QBO na tsaye, easterlies sun mamaye, yayin da a kasa, ana iya samun westerlies. A matakin , dangane da iskar zonal ta kowane wata, mafi karfi da aka rubuta a gabas ya kasance 29.55 m / s a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2005, yayin da mafi karfi da ya rubuta a yamma ya kasance 15.62 m / s kawai a watan Yunin shekara ta 1995.&nbsp;&nbsp;

## Ƙa'idar
A cikin shekarar 1883, fashewar Krakatoa ya haifar da bin diddigin gani na toka na dutsen wuta a cikin stratosphere. Wannan bin diddigin gani ya haifar da gano iskar gabas tsakanin kilomita 25 zuwa 30 sama da farfajiya. An kira iskar da Krakatau easterlies. A cikin 1908, balloons na bayanai da aka kaddamar sama da Tafkin Victoria a Afirka sun rubuta iskõki na yamma a cikin matakan stratospheric na yanayi. Wadannan binciken, a lokacin, an yi tunanin sun saba wa binciken 1883.  Koyaya, iskõkin da za su zama sanannun QBO an gano su da ke motsawa tsakanin yamma da gabas a cikin shekarun 1950 ta hanyar masu bincike a Ofishin Meteorological na Burtaniya. Dalilin waɗannan iskõkin QBO ya kasance ba a bayyane ba na ɗan lokaci. Binciken rediyo ya nuna cewa lokacinsa ba shi da alaƙa da sake zagayowar shekara-shekara, kamar yadda yake ga sauran alamu da yawa na yaduwar stratospheric. A cikin shekarun 1970s Richard Lindzen da James Holton sun gane cewa sauye-sauyen iska na lokaci-lokaci ya haifar da raƙuman yanayi da ke fitowa daga yanayin zafi wanda ke tafiya sama kuma yana ɓacewa a cikin stratosphere ta hanyar sanyaya radiative. An yi muhawara sosai game da ainihin yanayin raƙuman ruwa da ke da alhakin wannan sakamako; a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, duk da haka, ana ganin raƙuman nauyi a matsayin babban mai ba da gudummawa kuma yanzu ana kwaikwayon QBO a cikin ƙaruwar samfuran yanayi.&nbsp;

## Tasirin
Tasirin QBO sun haɗa da haɗuwa da ozone na stratospheric ta hanyar zagayawar sakandare da QBO ya haifar, gyare-gyaren ruwan sama, da kuma tasiri a kan zagayawar stratospherical a cikin hunturu na arewacin arewa (wanda aka shiga cikin wani ɓangare ta hanyar canji a cikin mitar dumi na kwatsam). Matakan Easter na QBO sau da yawa suna haɗuwa da karin dumi na kwatsam, rafin jet na Atlantic, da hunturu mai sanyi a Arewacin Turai da Gabashin Amurka. Sabanin haka, matakai na yammacin QBO sauƙin sau da yawa yana haɗuwa da hunturu masu sauƙi a Gabashin Amurka da kuma jet jet na Atlantic mai ƙarfi tare da sanyi, hunturu mai laushi a Arewacin Yuropa. Bugu da kari, an nuna QBO yana shafar yawan guguwa a lokacin guguwa da aka yi a cikin Atlantic. An kuma gudanar da bincike don bincika yiwuwar dangantaka tsakanin ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) da QBO.

## Manazarta
Rewa Ultra Mega Solar

**Rewa Ultra Mega Solar** wani filin aiki ne wanda aka dora shi, filin shakatawa na hasken rana mai haɗin grid wanda ya bazu kan yanki mai girman    a cikin Gurh tehsil na gundumar Rewa a Madhya Pradesh, Indiya.  Ya fara samar da wutar lantarki a cikin 2018 kuma ya kai cikakken ƙarfinsa na 750MW a cikin Janairu 2020.  Firayim Ministan Indiya Shri Narendra Modi ya sadaukar da aikin ga al'umma a ranar 10 ga Yuli, 2020. Shi ne aikin hasken rana na farko a Indiya don karya shingen grid parity .  Ya sami kuɗin kuɗin shekara na farko na INR 2.97 / raka'a,  yayin da rikodin baya ya kasance INR 4.34 / raka'a.  

Kamfanin Rewa Ultra Mega Solar Limited ne ya dauki nauyin aikin, hadin gwiwa tsakanin Madhya Pradesh UrjaVikas Nigam Limited da Solar Energy Corporation na Indiya. An yi gwanjon karfin megawatt 750 a cikin fakiti uku na megawatt 250 kowanne. RUMSL ta gayyaci masu samar da wutar lantarki daga hasken rana a watan Janairun 2017. Kamfanoni 20 ne suka gabatar da tayin, wanda daga cikinsu aka tantance goma sha takwas bisa tsarin kudi da fasaha na su shiga cikin tsarin tallan.  Masu neman nasara uku sun hada da Mahindra Renewables, Acme Solar, da Solenergi.

Rewa Solar Power Project an ba shi lambar yabo ta Shugaban Bankin Duniya na Shugabancin Ƙirƙiri da Ƙwarewa. 

An haɗa shi a cikin Littafin Innovation na Firayim Minista 2017. 

Kusan kashi 24% na makamashin da aka samar a wurin shakatawa yana zuwa Kamfanin Rail na Delhi, inda ya dace da kashi 60% na bukatar rana ta Delhi Metro . 

## Manazarta
Dutsen Poroshiri

Dutsen Poroshiri ko kuma wani lokacin ana kiranshi da  **Dutsen Horoshiri** yana cikin Dutsen Hidaka, Hokkaido, Japan. An samo sunansa ne daga fassarar kanji na kalmomin Ainu don "babban dutse", *poro-shiri* .  Ita ce dutse mafi girma a cikin kewayon Hidaka, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin Shahararrun duwatsu 100 a Japan.

Shirin Nukabira  darasi ne na kwana biyu.

A ranar farko, tuƙi kilomita 35 daga Furenai (Janairu) zuwa Ƙofar Rindō (Janairu). Daga ƙofar yana da tafiyar kilomita 5 (2 hours) zuwa Dam ɗin Shusui (取水ダーム) akan kogin Nukabira (額平川). Tazarar wani kilomita 4 ne (awanni 3) daga Dutsen Poroshiri (幌尻山荘, Poroshiri-dake San-Sou). Gidan yana da nisan mita 950 sama da matakin teku.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

A rana ta biyu, hanyar ta haura kilomita 1.5 (2 hours) daga gidan dutse zuwa The Spring of Life (命の泉, Inochi no Izumi). Hanyar ta ci gaba da wani kilomita 2.5 (2 hours) tare da filin furanni masu tsayi da ke wucewa ta Arewa Cirque (北カール, Kita Karu) zuwa taron koli. Daga nan hanyar ta juya zuwa arewa kuma tana tafiyar kilomita 3 (2 hours) tare da tafkin Tafki Bakwai (Nanatsu-Numa-Kāru) zuwa kololuwar Dutsen Tottabetsu (1959m). Daga can akwai tafiyar kilomita 1 (minti 30) zuwa Dutsen Naka Tottabetsu. Daga nan hanyar ta gangara kilomita 3 (awanni 2) zuwa Dutsen Poroshiri Dutsen Cottage &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

### Kogin Niikappu
Kos ɗin Kogin Niikappu yana farawa a Ƙofar Okuniikappu Hatsudensho. Daga nan hanyar ta zarce zuwa Dam din Okuniikappu, wanda ya samar da tafkin Poroshiri. Daga dam ɗin hanyar zuwa ɗakin binciken da ke kusa da kogin Poroshiri sannan a kan tudun dutse kafin a haura zuwa koli.
Dutsen Eickelberg

**Eickelberg Peak** taro ne  a Alaska, Amurka.

## Bayani
Eickelberg Peak wani yanki ne na Aleutian Range Stratovolcano wanda ke gefen yamma na Fisher Caldera a tsibirin Unimak na tsibirin Aleutian .  Ruwan hazo daga gangaren gabas na dutsen yana magudawa zuwa cikin caldera da kuma daga sauran gangara zuwa cikin tributary na kogin Pogromni. Taimakon yanayi yana da mahimmanci yayin da taron ya tashi kusan  sama da tafkin caldera a ƙasa da  . Al'umma mafi kusa ita ce Passe Pass,  zuwa gabas-arewa maso gabas.  An sanya sunan dutsen bayan Laftanar Kwamanda Ernest Werner Eickelberg (1890-1941), wanda ke da hannu a cikin triangulation da topography tare da Amurka Coast da Geodetic Survey a Alaska.  An buga saman dutsen a kan taswirar 1951 ta Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayin ƙasa ta Amurka kuma Hukumar Amurka ta amince da Sunayen Geographic a hukumance.  

## Yanayi
Bisa ga tsarin rarrabuwar yanayi na Köppen, Eickelberg Peak yana cikin yankin yanayin yanayin teku na subpolar tare da sanyi, lokacin sanyi, da lokacin rani mai sanyi.  Tsarin yanayin da ke fitowa daga Arewacin Pacific duwatsu ne suka tilastawa sama ( orographic lift ), suna haifar da hazo mai yawa ta hanyar ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara. Yanayin hunturu na iya raguwa zuwa 0&nbsp;°F tare da abubuwan sanyin iska ƙasa -10&nbsp;°F.

## Gallery

Fayil:Fisher_Caldera.jpg|alt=Aerial view of Fisher Caldera, with Eickelberg Peak in upper left corner| Duban iska na Fisher Caldera, tare da Eickelberg Peak a kusurwar hagu na sama


## Manazarta
Cibiyar Wasanni da Wasanni (Poland)

**Cibiyar Wasanni da Nishaɗi**, **Ośrodek Sportu i Rekreacji** (OSiR) wata ƙungiya ce da aka sadaukar don inganta al'adun jiki, wasanni, da ayyukan nishaɗi a tsakanin mazauna wani yanki, musamman a Poland . Ayyukanta sun haɗa da kula da wuraren wasanni, sarrafa sassan wasanni, da shirya gasa a matakan gida da mafi girma. A cikin birane da yawa, irin waɗannan cibiyoyin suna aiki a ƙarƙashin sunan **Municipal Sports and Recreation Center**, **Miejski Ośrodek Sportu i Rekreacji** (MOSiR).    

Waɗannan cibiyoyi galibi ƙungiyoyi ne na jama'a da ke samun kuɗi daga kasafin kuɗin ƙananan hukumomi, tallafin gudummawa, da tallafi daga Tarayyar Turai . 

## Filin wasa na OSiR ko MOSiR

* Filin wasa na OSiR (Olsztyn)
* OSiR Stadium (Gorzów Wielkopolski)
* OSiR Skalka
* Filin wasa na MOSiR (Bystrzyca)
* Filin wasa na MOSiR (Stalowa Wola)
* Filin wasa na MOSiR (Wodzisław Śląski)
* Filin wasa na MOSiR (Krosno)
* Filin wasa na MOSiR (Gdańsk)
* Filin wasa na White Eagle Municipal (Legnica) 

## Manazarta
Kasuwancin makamashi mai sabuntawa

**Kasuwancin makamashi mai sabuntawa** ya haɗa da turawa ƙarni uku na fasahar makamashi masu sabuntawa wanda ya dawo sama da shekaru 100. Fasahar ƙarni na farko, waɗanda suka riga sun girma kuma suna da gasa ta tattalin arziki, sun haɗa da biomass, hydroelectricity, ikon geothermal da zafi. Fasahar ƙarni na biyu suna shirye-shiryen kasuwa kuma ana tura su a halin yanzu; sun haɗa da dumama hasken rana, photovoltaics, wutar lantarki, Tashoshin wutar lantarki na hasken rana. Fasahar ƙarni na uku tana buƙatar ci gaba da ƙoƙarin R&amp;amp;D don yin babban gudummawa a kan sikelin duniya kuma sun haɗa da ingantaccen iskar gas, wutar lantarki mai zafi, da makamashin teku. A cikin 2019, kusan kashi 75% na sabon ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki da aka shigar ya yi amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa  kuma Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya (IEA) ta yi hasashen cewa nan da 2025, ƙarfin sabuntawa zai hadu da kashi 35% na samar da wutar wutar lantarki ta duniya. 

Manufofin jama'a da jagorancin siyasa suna taimakawa wajen "matakin filin wasa" da kuma fitar da karɓar fasahar makamashi mai sabuntawa. Kasashe irin su Jamus, Denmark, da Spain sun jagoranci hanyar aiwatar da sabbin manufofi wanda ya haifar da mafi yawan ci gaban da ya gabata. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jamus tana da alƙawarin sauyawar "Energiewende" zuwa tattalin arzikin makamashi mai ɗorewa, kuma Denmark tana da alƙawari ga 100% mai sabuntawa nan da shekara ta 2050. Yanzu akwai kasashe 144 tare da manufofin Manufofin makamashi mai sabuntawa.

Makamashi mai sabuntawa ya ci gaba da saurin ci gaba a cikin 2015, yana ba da fa'idodi da yawa. Akwai sabon rikodin da aka saita don shigar da iska da ƙarfin photovoltaic (64GW da 57GW) da kuma sabon matsayi na US $ 329 biliyan don saka hannun jari na duniya. Babban fa'idar da wannan ci gaban saka hannun jari ke kawowa shine ci gaban ayyukan yi. Kasashe mafi girma don saka hannun jari a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sune China, Jamus, Spain, Amurka, Italiya, da Brazil. Kamfanonin makamashi masu sabuntawa sun hada da BrightSource Energy, First Solar, Gamesa, GE Energy, Goldwind, Sinovel, Targray, Trina Solar, Vestas, da Yingli.  

Damuwar canjin yanayi   suna haifar da karuwar ci gaba a masana'antun makamashi masu sabuntawa.   Dangane da tsinkaya ta 2011 ta IEA, janareto na hasken rana na iya samar da mafi yawan wutar lantarki a duniya a cikin shekaru 50, rage hayakin gas mai cutarwa.

## Tarihi

### Dalilin sabuntawa
Canjin yanayi, gurɓataccen yanayi, da rashin tsaro na makamashi sune manyan matsaloli, kuma magance su yana buƙatar manyan canje-canje ga kayan aikin makamashi. Fasahar Makamashi mai sabuntawa sune mahimman masu ba da gudummawa ga fayil ɗin samar da makamashi, yayin da suke ba da guddina ga tsaron makamashi na duniya, rage dogaro da man fetur, kuma wasu suna ba da dama don rage iskar gas. Ana maye gurbin burbushin burbushin halittu masu lalacewa ta hanyar tsabta, daidaita yanayin yanayi, hanyoyin samar da makamashi marasa amfani.

## Manazarta
Ka'idar famfo ta Sahara

**Ka'idar famfo ta Sahara** wani ra'ayi ne wanda ke bayyana yadda tsire-tsire da Dabbobi suka yi ƙaura tsakanin Eurasia da Afirka ta hanyar gada a yankin Levant (Hanyar Levantine). Ya nuna cewa tsawon lokacin ruwan sama mai yawa wanda ya kai dubban shekaru (lokacin ruwan sama) a Afirka suna da alaƙa da lokacin "Sahara mai laushi", lokacin da manyan tabkuna da karin koguna suka wanzu  (duba Yanayin yanayi na Arewacin Afirka). Wannan ya haifar da canje-canje a cikin tsire-tsire da dabbobi da aka samu a yankin. An dakatar da ƙaura tare da kogin lokacin da, a lokacin hamada shekaru miliyan 1.8-0.8 da suka gabata (mya), Kogin Nilu ya daina gudana gaba ɗaya [bayani da ake buƙata]   kuma mai yiwuwa ya gudana ne kawai na ɗan lokaci a wasu lokuta  saboda haɓakar ƙasa (Nubian Swell) na yankin Kogin Niru.&nbsp; 

## Hanyar aiki
A lokacin jika ko *[[Lokacin zafi na Afirka|Green Sahara]]*, Sahara da Larabawa sun zama ciyayi na savanna kuma flora da fauna na Afirka sun zama gama gari.   Bayan lokacin bushe-bushe tsakanin pluvial, yankin Sahara ya koma yanayin hamada, yawanci sakamakon ja da baya &#x5D; Damina ta yammacin Afirka ke yi a kudu. Ruwan hazo ya wuce hazo, matakin ruwa a tafkunan kamar tafkin Chadi yana fadowa, kuma koguna sun zama busasshen wadis . Flora da fauna sun yadu a baya sakamakon haka suna komawa arewa zuwa tsaunin Atlas, kudu zuwa yammacin Afirka, ko gabas zuwa cikin kwarin Nilu daga nan ko dai kudu maso gabas zuwa tsaunukan Habasha da Kenya ko arewa maso gabas ta Sinai zuwa Asiya . Wannan ya raba yawan wasu nau'in nau'in a yankunan da ke da yanayi daban-daban, yana tilasta su daidaitawa, mai yiwuwa ya haifar da ƙididdiga na allopatric.

## Plio-Pleistocene
Gudun Plio-Pleistocene zuwa Afirka sun haɗa da Caprinae a cikin raƙuman ruwa biyu a 3.2 Ma da 2.7-2.5 Ma; *[[Nyctereutes]]* a 2.5 Ma, da *[[Equus (genus)|Equus]]* a 2.3 Ma. *[[Hippotragus]]* ya yi ƙaura a 2.6 Ma daga Afirka zuwa Siwaliks na Himalayas. Dabbobin Asiya sun koma Turai da kuma zuwa da kuma daga Afirka. Primate *[[Theropithecus]]* ya sami raguwa kuma ana samun burbushinsa ne kawai a Turai da Asiya, yayin da Homo da *[[Macaque|Macaca]]* suka zauna a wurare masu yawa.

## Shekaru 185,000-20,000 da suka gabata
Tsakanin kimanin shekaru dubu 133 zuwa 122 da suka gabata (kya), yankunan kudancin hamadar Saharan-Arabiya sun sami farkon bukin Abbassia, lokacin damina tare da ƙaruwar hazo, kusan 100-200.&nbsp;mm / shekara. Wannan ya ba Eurasian biota damar tafiya zuwa Afirka kuma akasin haka.  An gano haɓakar seleothems (wanda ke buƙatar ruwan sama) a Hol-Zakh, Ashalim, Even-Sid, Ma'ale-ha-Meyshar, Ktora Cracks, Nagev Tzavoa Cave. A cikin kogon Qafzeh da Es Skuhl, inda a lokacin hazo ya kasance 600-1000.&nbsp;mm/shekara, ragowar Qafzeh-Skhul nau'in ɗan adam na zamani na zamani ana kwanan su ne daga wannan lokacin, amma da alama aikin ɗan adam yana ƙarewa a lokacin bushewa.

## Manazarta
Ballycastle, County Mayo

**Ballycastle** ( Irish  ƙauye ne a cikin County Mayo, Ireland, a arewa maso yamma daga Ballina, kusa da bakin tekun arewacin Mayo. Ya ta'allaka ne a gefen Mayo Gaeltacht .

Ballycastle yana bakin tekun arewacin gundumar Mayo, tare da iyakar arewacinta ga Tekun Atlantika. A yamma da garin akwai Stags na Broadhaven, a gabas ya ta'allaka ne da Killala Bay yayin da a kudu kuma akwai garuruwan Ballina da Crossmolina .

## Tarihi

Filin Céide, kusan 7&nbsp;km arewa da Ballycastle, shine inda mazaunan farko suka fara noman gangaren tsaunin Behy/Glenurla, sama da shekaru 5000 da suka gabata. mil biyu yamma da Ballycastle shine tsohon, Doonfeeny Cross Pillar mai tsawon ƙafa 18. Al'amudin yana da zane-zanen kan tsuntsaye da giciye biyu masu sauƙi na Kirista. 

Ikklesiya ta Ballycastle hade ne na tsoffin Ikklesiya biyu na Kilbride da Doonfeeney.  An yi amfani da sunan Ballycastle a farkon 1470 kuma an kira shi Ikklesiya a cikin littafin Katolika na 1836. 

## Fitattun mutane
Sanannen mutane daga Ballycastle sun haɗa da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Gaelic Tommy Langan wanda ya lashe Gasar Wasannin Manyan Kwallon Kafa na All-Ireland don Mayo kuma an ba shi suna a cikin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Millennium . 

## Sufuri
Ballycastle yana kan mahadar titin R314 da R315 . Hanyar Bus Éireann 445 tana hidimar Ballycastle a ranakun mako zuwa Ballina ta hanyar Killala . 

## Abubuwan da suka faru
Ballycastle ta karbi bakuncin Healyfest, taron kiɗan da ke faruwa a gidan mashaya a ƙauyen a kowane Hutun Bankin Agusta . 

## Manazarta
Mari Malek

**Mari Malek**, wanda aka fi sani da suna **DJ Stiletto,** tauraruwar Sudan ta Kudu, DJ, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma yar gwagwarmaya. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
Iyalain Malek sun fito ne daga Mutanen Dinka. An haife ta ne a Wau, a farkon Yaƙin basasar Sudan na Biyu a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, mahaifiyarta, ma'aikaciyar jinya ce kuma mahaifinta ɗan siyasa ne. Tana da 'yan'uwa maza da mata huɗu amma iyalain ta suna da girma, tunda mahaifinta yana da mata huɗu. Saboda yawan rikici, mahaifiyarta ta dauki Malek da 'yan'uwan ta zuwa Masar inda suka sami matsayin 'yan gudun hijira. Sun tafi Amurka a shekarar 1997, da farko zuwa Newark a New Jersey, sannan zuwa San Diego a California.

Yayinda take matashiya, an hango Malek a kan titi, kuma an nemi ta koma Paris ko New York don fara *gudanar da sana,arta.* Daga nan aka kira ta don shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayon America's Next Top Model amma Bata samu halarta ba saboda yanayin bizar ta. Daga nan sai ta yanke shawarar kaddamar da aikinta a cikin samfurin kuma ta koma New York a shekara ta 2006. Ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyar don sauka da kamfen ɗin tallar ta na farko: tare da Lanvin, Steven Meisel ne ya ɗauki hotonta. A wannan lokacin, ta fuskanci wariyar launin fata a masana'antar da take aiki kuma ana kin daukanta yayin da hukumomi za su bayyana cewa "sun riga sun sami yarinya baƙar fata". Malek daga baya ta tsaya don kamfen din Vogue, Rolls-Royce kuma ta bayyana a cikin bidiyon Kanye West's Power da Lady Gaga's Born This Way .  Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da labari, a ƙarƙashin sunan *DJ Stiletto . *

A a shekara ta 2014, Malek ta kirkiro Stand for Education, kungiyace da ke da niyyar ci gaban ilimi a Sudan ta Kudu, musamman ta hanyar tallafawa makarantu da rage cikas ga ilimin 'yan mata. Gwamnatin Obama ta amince da aikinta na jin kai. Ita ce kuma ta kafa Runways to Freedom, kungiyar da ke tallafawa taurari 'yan gudun hijira yayin da suke fara ayyukansu a masana'antar.

A shekarar 2017, an lissafa Malek a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Mata 100 na OkayAfrica. Har ila yau, a cikin shekarar 2017, ta fito a fim din The Nile Hilton Incident, inda ta taka rawar baiwa wacce ta ga kisan kai.

## Kyaututtuka ta

* Mata 100 na OkayAfrica - 2017 

## Ayyukan ta

### Hotunan fina-finai

* 2017: Abin da ya faru na Nilu Hilton ta Tarik Saleh: Salwa, baiwa.

### Littattafan ta

* Malek, M. (2019), "The Rock in the Stream", Conflict and Forced Migration (Studies in Symbolic Interaction, Vol. 51), Emerald Publishing Limited, shafi na 91-128 

## Manazarta
Jerin fashewar dutsen wuta a karni na 21

Wadannan sune jerin duwatsu masu fashewar da aman wuta tare da ma'aunin fashewar volcanic (VEI) na 4 ko sama da haka, da kuma karami fashewar da ta haifar da mace-mace, babbar barna ko rushewa.

Fashewar Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai na 2022 da tsunami sune mafi girman fashewar aman wuta a karni na 21.

## Babban fashewa (VEI na 4 ko mafi girma, ko tsawo na akalla 15 km)

## Ƙananan fashewar fashewa wanda ke haifar da mutuwar mutane ko mummunar lalacewa

## Fashewar fashewa

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin fashewar dutsen wuta 1500-1999
* Jerin manyan fashewar dutsen wuta na Holocene
* Jerin manyan fashewar dutse
* Jerin bala'o'i ta hanyar yawan wadanda suka mutu
* Jerin fashewar dutsen wuta ta yawan wadanda suka mutu
* Jerin tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta
Dokar Padlock

Dokar Kare Lardin Kan Farfagandar Kwaminisanci ( French   ***propagande communiste*** ), wanda aka fi sani da " **Dokar Kulle** " ko " **Dokar Kulle** " ( French   ), wata doka ce a lardin Quebec, Kanada wadda ta ba da izini ga Babban Mai Shari'a na Quebec ya rufe damar yin amfani da kadarorin da ake zargi da amfani da su don yada ko yada farfagandar gurguzu .  Gwamnatin Maurice Duplessis ta Union Nationale ce ta gabatar da dokar kuma ta sanya haramtacciyar "amfani da [gida] ko ƙyale kowane mutum ya yi amfani da shi don yada Kwaminisanci ko Bolshevism ta kowace hanya". Wannan ya haɗa da bugawa, bugawa ko rarraba "kowace jarida, lokaci-lokaci, ƙasida, madauwari, takarda ko rubutu, yada Kwaminisanci ko Bolshevism". Cin zarafin dokar ya sanya babban mai shari'a ya rufe irin wannan kadarorin, gami da kulle kofofin shiga tare da makullai, kan duk wani amfani komi na tsawon shekara guda kuma duk wanda aka samu da hannu a haramtattun ayyukan yada labarai zai iya zama gidan yari na tsawon watanni uku zuwa goma sha uku.

Dokar ba ta da tushe sosai; bai ayyana Kwaminisanci ko Bolshevism ba ta kowace hanya ta zahiri.  Ya musanta duka zato na rashin laifi da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga daidaikun mutane. Akwai kuma damuwa  za a yi amfani da dokar ne domin kama mutane masu fafutuka daga kungiyoyin kwadago na duniya . An kusa kama shugabannin kungiyoyin biyu a wancan lokacin.  An yi amfani da dokar a kan Shaidun Jehobah don rarraba littattafansu, galibi a matsayin “maganin bincike da kamawa”. 

Gwamnatin tarayya karkashin Firayim Ministan Liberal William Lyon Mackenzie King na iya amfani da ikonta na rashin izini don soke Dokar Padlock, kamar yadda ta yi don soke dokokin da ke haifar da cece-kuce da gwamnatin Alberta ta Social Credit ta zartar a lokaci guda.  Duk da haka, Sarki ya zaɓi kada ya shiga cikin Quebec.

Hukuncin da Kotun Koli ta Kanada ta yanke a shekarar 1957 a *[[Switzman v Elbling|Switzman v Ebling]]* ta soke dokar a matsayin *[[Ultra vires|matsananci]]* na gwamnatin lardi saboda wani yunƙuri ne na lardin na kafa wata doka da ta mutunta dokar laifuka, wadda ita ce keɓantaccen yanki na majalisar tarayya a ƙarƙashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Kanada .  A cikin haɗin kai, masu shari'a Ivan Rand, Roy Kellock da Douglas Abbott suma sun yi jayayya cewa dokar ta kasance *matsananciyar cuta* saboda ta saba wa dokar haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin tsarin mulkin Kanada, amma sauran mafi rinjaye ba su raba wannan ra'ayi ba. 

## Manazarta
West Quarter Dome

**West Quarter Dome** babban dome ne mai girma, a cikin yankin Tenaya Canyon na Yosemite National Park . Ya ƙunshi Half Dome Granodiorite . 

Akwai gida biyu, *West Quarter Dome* da *Gabas Quarter Dome*, kuma suna kusa da juna.    

Ansel Adams ya ɗauki hoto, *Glacial Erratic akan Gabas Quarter Dome yana Nuna Half Dome a Background,* akan Gabas Quarter Dome. 

## A kan yanki, da hawan dutse
Gidajen Kwata-kwata sun ɗan haura Tenaya Canyon, suna haye daga Half Dome da Clouds Rest, don haka suna saman kwarin Yosemite, kusa da ƙaramin Yosemite Valley .  

The Quarter Domes bayar da dutsen hawan hanyoyi, ko da yake m yana da wuya.    Wata sanannen hanya ita ce *Fuskar Arewa*, wanda Yvon Chouinard da Tom Frost suka fara hawa a 1962. 

## Manazarta
Joseph Casavant

**Joseph Kasavant** (  ; 1807 1874) wani ɗan ƙasar Faransa ne mai kera sassan bututu . 

An haifi Casavant 23 Janairu 1807 a Saint-Hyacinthe, Lower Canada zuwa Dominique Casavant da Marie-Desanges Codere.   Asalin maƙeri ne, Casavant ya bar kasuwancinsa yana ɗan shekara 27 don ci gaba da karatun gargajiya a  . Yayin da yake a kwalejin Uba Charles-Joseph Ducharme a shekara ta 1834, ya faru a kan wani littafin  . Aikin 1766 akan ginin gabobin yana da taken ** (The Art of Organ Building). Daga baya ya yi amfani da ita don maido da sashin makarantar da ba a gama ba da aka watsar. Labari ya bazu ko'ina cikin yankin tare da riguna daga Ville de Laval suna ba da umarnin gabobin.  Ya kafa kasuwanci a Saint-Hyacinthe kuma ya sami kwangilarsa ta farko a cikin 1840.

A cikin 1850, ya karɓi odar ƙungiyar coci daga Bytown, Kanada ta Yamma . Yayin da yake zaune a can na ɗan lokaci, ya auri matarsa ta biyu Marie-Olive Sicard de Carufel . 

A lokacin da ya yi ritaya a cikin 1866, ya gina gabobin 17, gami da na cocin Katolika na Ottawa da Kingston, da cocin ƙauyen Mont-Saint-Hilaire . 

Casavant ya mutu a Saint-Hyacinthe a ranar 9 ga Maris 1874.   'ya'yansa, Joseph-Claver da Samuel-Marie ne suka gudanar da aikinsa, a ƙarƙashin sunan Casavant Frères .  Kadan daga cikin aikin Casavant ya tsira a yau,  duk da haka kamfanin da 'ya'yansa maza biyu suka kafa yana riƙe da kwafin  aiki. 

## Manazarta
Gidan wuta na Akan

Akan Volcanic Complex rukuni ne mai aman wuta wanda ya da girma daga Akan caldera. Akan National Park yana da nisan kilomita 50 daga Arewa maso Yamma daga Kushiro Hokkaidō, Japan.

## Bayyanawa
An shirya tsaunuka da yawa a kusa da gefen Tafkin Akan (a.k.a. Akan-ko ), wanda ya cika caldera mai nisan kilomita 24×13,  mafi tsawo shine Me-Akan (Meakan), O-Akan-Oakan da Akan-Fuji. &nbsp;

Oakan yana da mahimmanci a gefen arewa maso gabas na caldera, yayin da Meakan ya mamaye kishiyar, gefen kudu maso yamma, a cikin gungu na tara volcanoes waɗanda suka haɗa da Akan-Fuji, ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsaunukan Jafananci mai suna bayan sanannen Dutsen Fuji, da Fuppushi volcano Dutsen Fuppushi, wanda ke kudu maso yammacin Hokkaido).

## Ilimin dutsen wuta
An kafa Akan caldera shekaru 31,500 da suka wuce. Siffar sa mai tsayi ta samo asali ne saboda haɓakar sa yayin manyan fashewar fashewar abubuwa, daga farkon zuwa tsakiyar lokacin Pleistocene.

An kafa kogon Nakamachineshiri na dutsen wuta na Meakan a lokacin babban fashewa kimanin shekaru 13,500 da suka gabata.

Ƙungiyar Me-Akan na cones guda tara da suka mamaye gabas na tafkin Akan sun sami fashewa mai sauƙi tun farkon karni na 19.  Fashewa na ƙarshe na wannan dutsen mai aman wuta na tarihi ya kasance a ciki

Oakan, Meakan, Furebetsu da Fuppushi sune manyan tsaunuka masu fashewa na dutsen wuta na Akan.

Me-Akan yana daya daga cikin manyan duwatsu masu aman wuta a Hokkaido. Taron ta ya ƙunshi ramukan Ponmachineshiri da Naka-Machineshiri, wuraren da ake yawan fashewar fashewar abubuwa a cikin tarihi. Akan-Fuji da O-Akan ba su fashe ba a tarihi.

An ƙididdige Akan da ma'aunin fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta na 4 akan ma'aunin Smithsonian VEI, dangane da fashe mafi girma na dutsen mai aman wuta, kusan 7050 BC.

Wadannan sune shahararrun siffofi na Akan: 

### Cones

* Me-Akan-Dake (Mount Meakan) (1499 m) Dutsen Stratovolcano
* Akan Fuji (Akan-Fuji, Akan-Huji) (1476 m) Dutsen Stratovolcano
* Kita-Yama (1400 m) Cone
* O-Akan-Dake (Mount Oakan) (1371 m) Dutsen Stratovolcano
* Kenga-Mine Cone 1336 m
* Nishi-Yama (Nisi-Yama) (1300 m) Cone
* Fuppushi (Huppusi) (1226 m) Dutsen Stratovolcano
* Miname-Dake (1217 m) Dutsen Stratovolcano
* Higashi-Dake (Higasi-Dake) (1140 m) Cone
* Furebetsu (Hurebetu) (1098 m) Dutsen wuta
* Kobu-Yama Cone
* Futatsu-Dake Pyroclastic cone

### Craters

* Nakamachineshiri (Nakamatineshiri) Crater
* Ponmachineshiri (Ponmatinesiri) Crater

### Abubuwan zafi

### Sauran tsaunuka