Masallacin Hussaini

**Masallacin al-Hussain**   ko **masallacin al-Husain**, wanda kuma aka fi sani da **masallacin al-imam al-Husayn** ( ) da **masallacin Sayyidna al-Husayn**   masallaci ne kuma makabartar Husaini bn Ali, wanda aka gina shi a shekara ta 1154, sannan aka sake gina shi a shekara ta alif 1874.  Masallacin yana a birnin Alkahira na kasar Masar, kusa da kasuwar Khan El-Khalili, kusa da shahararren masallacin Al Azhar, a wani yanki da ake kira Al-Hussain. Ana daukarsa a matsayin daya daga cikin wurare masu tsarki na Musulunci a Masar.  Wasu musulmin Shi'a sun yi imanin cewa an binne kan Hussaini ( *ra's mubarak* ) a harabar masallacin da ke a yau wani makabarta kuma ana daukarsa a matsayin abin da ya rage na gine-ginen Fatimid da ke cikin ginin.

## Tarihi

### Lokacin Fatimid
Bisa al'adar Fatimid, a cikin shekara ta 985, Halifa Fatimid na 15, Abu Mansoor Nizar al-Aziz Billah, ya gano wurin da shugaban kakansa ya kasance ta ofishin wani zamani a Bagadaza . An binne shi a cikin Haramin Shugaban Husayn na Falasdinu, kimanin shekaru 250, har zuwa 1153. An sake gano shi a shekara ta 1091 a daidai lokacin da Badr al-Jamali, babban waziri a karkashin Halifa al-Mustansir, ya sake mamaye yankin don Khalifancin Fatimid. Bayan an gano shi, sai ya ba da umarnin gina sabon masallacin juma'a da *mashhad* (wato haramin tunawa) a wurin. 

Bayan Fatimidi na 21 Imam At-Tayyib Abu'l-Qasim ya shiga keɓe, kawunsa Abd al-Majid ya mamaye daular Fatimid. Tsoron rashin mutuntawa da yiwuwar ayyukan cin amana, Sarkin Majidi, Al-Zafir, ya ba da umarnin mika shugaban zuwa Alkahira. An tono akwati na Hussaini kuma an tashi daga Ashkelon zuwa Alkahira a ranar Lahadi 8 Jumada al-Thani, 548 (31 ga Agusta 1153).  Marubuci dan kasar Yemen Syedi Hasan bin Asad ya bayyana yadda aka mika kai a cikin littafinsa *na Risalah* : “Lokacin da aka fitar da Raas (shugaban) al Imam al Husain daga cikin akwati, a Ashkelon, an ga digon jinin sabo a Raas al. Imamul Husain da kamshin Miski ya watsu. 
 

A cewar masana tarihi Al-Maqrizi .Ahmad al  Alkahira ranar Talata 10 Jumada al-Thani (2 Satumba 1153). An dauke shi da jirgin ruwa zuwa *Kafuri* (Garden), an binne akwatin a wurin a wani wuri da ake kira *Qubbat al-Daylam* ko *Turbat al Zafr'an* (wanda ake kira *al-Mashhad al-Hussaini* ko *B'ab Mukhallaf'at al-Rasul* ). .  An yi jana'izar duk Fatimid Imam-Khalifofi tun daga Abdullah Al Mahdi har zuwa Al-Amir bi-Ahkami l-Lah a *Turbah al-Zafaran*  a kusa da masallaci da kuma na manyan Fadojin Fatimid .

Babban waziri Tala'i ibn Ruzzik daga baya ya yi niyya da a mayar da shugaban zuwa wani sabon masallaci da wurin ibada da da gangan ya gina a shekara ta 1160 ( Masallacin al-Salih Tala'i, kudu da Bab Zuwayla), amma wannan canjin bai taba faruwa ba.

### Zamanin Ayyubid
An sake gina ginin a karkashin Ayyubids a shekara ta 1237 kuma an kona shi shekaru 11 bayan haka. Minatar Ayyubid da ke saman kofar Bal al-Akhdar ita ce kadai bangaren masallacin Ayyubid da ya wanzu a yau.

Dangane da daya daga cikin “masu tsare-tsare” da suka kawo gawar Hussaini zuwa birnin Alkahira, shahararren masanin tarihin Mamluk na Masar, Mohiyuddin Abd al-Zahir, ya rubuta cewa:“Lokacin da Salahuddin ya hau karagar mulki ya kwace dukkan Fadojin Aimmat Fatemiyeen tare da wawashe dukiyoyinsu da dukiyoyinsu. Ya lalata tarin dubban ɗarurruwan littattafai masu tamani da ba kasafai ake samun su a ɗakunan karatu ba, a gefen kogin Nilu . A lokacin da ya samu ta bakin jami’an leken asirinsa cewa daya daga cikin masu kula da Raas al Imam al Husain yana da matukar mutuntawa a wurin mutanen birnin Qahera, sai ya yi tunanin cewa watakila zai san irin dukiyar Aimmat Fatemiyeen. Salahuddin ya bayar da umarnin gabatar da shi a kotunsa. Ya tambaye shi inda dukiyar Fateemi take. Mai martaba ya ki yarda da sanin dukiyoyin. Salahuddin ya fusata, ya umarci jami’an leken asirinsa da su tambaye shi ta hanyar ‘azaba ta uku’, amma mai martaba ya daure da azabtar da shi, ya kuma maimaita maganarsa ta baya cewa bai san komai ba. Salahuddin ya umurci sojojinsa da su sanya hular da ke dauke da santifedi a kan mai martaba, irin wannan hukunci mai tsanani ne kuma ba zai iya jurewa ba, ta yadda babu wanda zai iya tsira koda na ‘yan mintuna ne.

 "Kafin a sanya Cap of Centipedes a kai, an aske gashin kansa, don sauƙaƙa wa ɗari ɗari ɗin shan jini, wanda hakan ya sanya ramuka a cikin kwanyarsa. Duk da wannan hukunci mai daraja mai kula da Husaini. ko kadan bai ji wani zafi ba, Salahuddin ya ba da umarnin a kara wa mai martaba dala dari, amma hakan ba zai iya kashe shi ba ko kuma ya raunata shi, daga karshe Salahuddin Ayyubi ya ba da umarnin a ba shi wani matsuguni mai dauke da santi don cimma sakamakon, ko da wannan hanyar ba za ta iya azabtar da shi ba. ko kuma a kashe shi, ‘yan iskan Ayyubid sun kara mamaki matuka da suka ga, a lokacin da suka cire hular, adadin dari sun mutu, Salahuddin ya bukaci mai martaba ya tona asirin wannan mu’ujiza, sai mai martaba ya bayyana kamar haka: “Lokacin da Raas al Imam ya fadi. An kawo al Husain zuwa Qasar, Al Moizziyat [ [, ya dauki akwatin a kansa, 'Ya Salahuddin! Wannan shi ne sirrin tsira na.' zance ]

### Tarihi na baya-bayan nan

Don alamar wurin jana'izar, wanda aka fi sani da *Ra's al-Husayn* (    ) ko kuma *Mashhad Ra's al-Husayn*, Taher Saifuddin ya gina wani *zarih* a Mumbai,   wanda daga baya aka sanya shi a masallacin a shekarar 1965 kafin rasuwarsa. Daga baya dansa Mohammed Burhanuddin ne ya kaddamar da shi. 

Bisa ga al'ada: *Zarih* na asali ana nufin Masallacin Al Abbas na Karbala na kasar Iraki amma ba a iya sanya shi a wurin ba: A baya an auna wurin da *zarih* daidai, amma bai dace ba. Taher Saifuddin, wanda ya yi *Zarih*, ya sami jagorar Allah ta hanyar fahimtar cewa saboda aminci, Al-Abbas bn Ali - wanda ya yi shahada tare da dan uwansa, Husaini, a yakin Karbala - ya kasa barin *Ra's al- Hussaini* be without a *zarih* . A sakamakon haka, an kai Al-Abbas' *zarih* zuwa Alkahira aka sanya shi a *Ra's al-Husayn* a masallacin Al-Hussein, maimakon haka. 

Ruwa ya yi mummunar barna a Masallacin kuma Majalisar Koli ta tarihi ta gyara shi a shekarar 1996. An yi babban gyare-gyare a ɗakin kabarin, a lokacin da aka sanya wani kubba mai maye gurbin da aka yi da karfe.

An sami ƙarin gyare-gyare masu yawa da aka yi a cikin Maris 2022 wanda ya haɗa da sabon wurin ibada. Daga nan sai shugaba Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi da Da'i al-Mutlaq na 53 na Dawoodi Bohras, Mufaddal Saifuddin suka bude masallacin a watan Afrilun 2022. 

## Gine-gine
 

An kammala ginin mausoleum a shekara ta 1154.  Daga cikin wannan tsarin gine-gine na Fatimid na asali, ƙananan ɓangaren ƙofar gefen kudu da ake kira Bab Al-Akhdar ne kawai ya rage a cikin masallaci a yau.  Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Ayyubids suka ƙara minarat a farkon ƙofar Fatimid a cikin 1237.  Minaret tana da zane-zane na layukan da suka yi karo da juna wanda ke haifar da alamu da ake kira arabesque shahararriyar gine-ginen Islama .  Minartoci daban-daban na wannan masallaci suna taka rawa wajen nuna irin iko da suka yi mulki a birnin Alkahira da kuma yadda suka yi amfani da karfinsu ta hanyar gine-gine.  A ƙarshe a cikin 1874, Isma'il Pasha (Khedive Isma'il) ya sake gina masallacin Al-Hussein wanda Gothic Revival Architecture ya yi wahayi.  Isma'il Pasha ya so ya zamanantar da Alkahira, ya kirkiro wani masallaci mai salon Gothic na Italiya da ma'adinan Ottoman.  Wannan cakudewar tsarin gine-gine daban-daban da suka shahara a gine-ginen Islama a lokacin zamanin khedival ana kiransa da eclecticism . 

A yau, sabon ginin masallacin Al-Hussein, akwai manyan laima guda uku.  Ana ƙara ta ne domin a kāre masu yin addu’a a waje daga rana a lokacin rani da kuma daga ruwan sama a lokacin sanyi.  Ana sarrafa su da injina kuma suna bin zane-zane na yawancin masallatan Saudiyya da aka yi da karfe da teflon.  Har yanzu jama'a da dama na zuwa wannan masallacin domin yin addu'a da ziyartar masallatan kamar yadda aka saba.  Ko da yake ba a yarda wadanda ba musulmi ba su shiga ginin, har yanzu masu yawon bude ido na kallon tsarin daga waje. 

## Bab al-Mukhallafat al-Nabawiyya al-Sharifa

Kusa da *Ras al-Husayn* akwai crypt, kayan tarihi na gidaje da aka yi imanin na Muhammadu ne.   Mohammed Burhanuddin II ne ya gina wata kofa mai dauke da azurfa da zinare kuma aka sanya shi a wurin a shekarar 1986.  

An kara dakin a cikin masallaci a 1893. Dakin yana dauke da wani guntun tufa da ake kyautata zaton wani bangare ne na rigar lilin da annabi ya taba sawa, fitila mai santsi guda hudu na gashin annabi a cikinsa, kohl din da aka yi da tagulla shima na annabi ne, sandar annabi ne da shi. ya shiga Makka a matsayin mamaya da takobi da wani sahabbai ya aiko masa. Sannan kuma ya hada da kwafin kur’ani da Ali bn Abi Talib ya rubuta a rubutun Kufic, mai dauke da shafuka 501 kuma an rubuta shi a fatar barewa.  

## Manazarta