Susan Griffin

**Susan Griffin** (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1943)  masanin falsafar mata ce mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, marubuciya kuma marubuciya  wanda aka fi sani da sababbin ayyukanta na zamantakewar al'umma.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Griffin a Los Angeles, California, a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 1943, [1] kuma ya zauna a California tun daga lokacin. Bayan rasuwar mahaifinta lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta yi ta yawo a kusa da iyalin amma daga ƙarshe an kai ta cikin gida da iyalin sanannen mai zane Morton Dimondstein . Iyalinta na halitta sun kasance daga asalin Irish, Scottish, Welsh da Jamusanci. Bayan ta kwashe shekara guda a gidan Yahudawa bayan yakin, ba a yi magana a bayyane game da al'adun ta na Jamus ba kuma da farko ta yi wa Jamusawa aljanu, amma daga baya ta yi tafiye-tafiye da yawa zuwa Jamus (ciki har da sansanin Mittelbau-Dora) don sulhunta da al'ummarta ta Yahudawa da Jamusanci.[2][3] Ta halarci Jami'ar California, Berkeley, na tsawon shekaru biyu, sannan ta koma Kwalejin Jihar San Francisco, inda ta sami digiri na farko a rubuce-rubuce (1965) da kuma digiri na Master of Arts (1973), duka digiri biyu a ƙarƙashin kulawar Kay Boyle . [4] Ta koyar a matsayin farfesa a UC Berkeley da kuma Jami'ar Stanford da Cibiyar Nazarin Nazarin California . [4] Griffin ya koyar a Cibiyar Nazarin Cikakken California, Cibiyar Nazari ta Pacifica, Cibiyar Wright, da Jami'ar California.[5]

A halin yanzu tana zaune a Berkeley, California .  Takardun Griffin suna cikin ɗakin karatu na Schlesinger, Cibiyar Radcliffe, a Jami'ar Harvard.

## Ayyuka
Griffin ya rubuta littattafai 21, gami da ayyukan da ba na fiction ba, shayari, tarihin, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma rubutun allo.[1] An fassara aikinta cikin harsuna sama da 12. Griffin ta bayyana aikinta a matsayin "ƙaddamar da alaƙa tsakanin lalacewar yanayi, raguwar mata da wariyar launin fata, da kuma gano abubuwan da ke haifar da yaƙi zuwa ƙin yarda a rayuwar sirri da ta jama'a".[ing][2]

"Rape: The All-American Crime" (1971), wani labarin da aka buga a cikin Ramparts, yana ɗaya daga cikin wallafe-wallafen farko game da fyade daga hangen nesa na mata. 

Woman and Nature: The Roaring Inside Her (1978) ya sayar da fiye da 100,000 kofe,  kuma ya jawo alaƙa tsakanin lalacewar muhalli, jima'i, da wariyar launin fata.  An yi la'akari da wani nau'i na waka, an yi imanin cewa wannan aikin ya ƙaddamar da Ecofeminism a Amurka. Griffin ta danganta alakarta da ecofeminism ga yadda ta girma a gefen Tekun Pacific, wanda ta yi imanin ya horar da ita game da ilimin muhalli.

Griffin ta bayyana adawa da batsa a cikin batsa da shiru: Ramuwar Al'adu game da Halitta (1981).  A cikin wannan aikin ta yi la'akari da cewa kodayake neman 'yancin magana na iya haifar da matsayi game da tantance batsa,' yancin ƙirƙirar batsa yana haifar da sulhu na "yancin ɗan adam" (tun da 'yancin ɗan Adam zai haɗa da' yancin mata). Ta yi jayayya cewa batsa da Eros sun bambanta kuma suna adawa da ra'ayoyi, tare da batsa "bayyana ba sha'awar 'yancin jima'i ba amma akasin haka, sha'awar yin shiru eros. "  A cewar Griffin, asalin batsa ya samo asali ne daga tsoratar da yanayi,  kuma hotunan batsa "yana lalata da ƙasƙantar da jiki (yawanci mace). [ing] Wannan, a cewar Griffin, yana koya wa mata su raina kansu, kuma yana haifar da al'ada mara lafiya, mara kyau. Sabanin haka, Griffin ya yi jayayya cewa "yancin jima'i na gaske yana buƙatar sulhu da yanayi, warkarwa tsakanin jiki da ruhu". Masu sukar sun fi mayar da martani ga Batsa da Al'adu tare da raini, da yawa suna gunaguni cewa ya fito ne a matsayin rantsuwa fiye da tattaunawar falsafar gaskiya.

## Kyaututtuka
Griffin ya sami tallafin MacArthur don Zaman Lafiya da Haɗin Kai na Duniya, NEA da Guggenheim Foundation fellowships, da kuma lambar yabo ta Emmy ta gida don wasan Voices .  An nuna ta a cikin fim din tarihin mata na 2014 She's Beautiful When She's Angry .  Ta kasance dan wasan karshe na Kyautar Pulitzer don Janar Nonfiction a 1993 don A Chorus of Stones: The Private Life of War . 

## Rashin amincewa
Masu suka da yawa suna yaba wa Griffin baƙar magana da fahimta game da rawar mata a cikin kowace babbar al'amari a yau, yayin da wasu suka soki rubuce-rubucenta da cewa sun yi taurin kai. Mafi yawa, sake dubawa game da aikin Griffin suna ɗaukar ra'ayoyi masu gaba da juna game da haɗin kai da sarƙaƙƙiya da ta ba da shawara tsakanin mace da manyan batutuwan duniya kamar yaƙi, cuta, batsa, da yanayin kanta.  Waɗannan gidajen yanar gizon suna kama da salon rubutunta na musamman wanda masu suka suka yi tsokaci akai.

A cikin bita na 1994 na Carol H. Cantrell, Griffin's Woman and Nature an nuna shi a matsayin "mai wuyar bayyanawa. Yawancin su suna kama da rubutu a shafin amma tunanin ya ragargaje, kwatanci, kuma ba ya ci gaba; akwai labarai da yawa, amma su ma sau da yawa elliptical ne da kwatanci. "  A cikin bita game da Tunanin Jikinta: Tafiya cikin Inuwa, Susan Dion na The Women's Review of Books ya rubuta: "...Griffin ba kawai maimaita jigogi masu basira ne kawai a cikin sababbin magunguna masu alaƙa da kuma suna ba, masu ba, masu yawa ba, masu amfani da sababbin magunguna ba, masu ban sha'awa ba, masu mahimmanci ba, masu koyarwa ba su ba, masu ma'awa ba koyaushe suna ba, suna ba.

## Ayyukan da aka buga

* Mata da Yanayi: Roaring Inside Her (1978) Littafin Ecofeminist (1st Edition, an sake buga shi) 
* ''Rape: Ikon Sanin'' (1979) OCLC 781089176   
* Batsa da Shiru: Ramuwar gayya ta Al'adu akan Yanayi (1981) OCLC 964062418   
* "Sadomasochism da rushewar kai: wani muhimmin karatu na Labarin O," a cikin Against Sadomasochism: A Radical Feminist Analysis, ed. Robin Ruth Linden (East Palo Alto, Calif.: Frog in the Well, 1982.), shafi na 183-201 &nbsp;
* *Ƙasar da ba a tuna da ita ba*: waƙoƙi (Copper Canyon Press, 1987) OCLC 16905255   
* A Chorus of Stones: the Private Life of War (1993) Al'amuran tunani na tashin hankali, yaƙi, mace OCLC 1005479046   
* Eros na Rayuwa ta Kowace-Karshe: Rubuce-rubuce kan Muhalli, Jima'i da Al'umma (1995) OCLC 924501690   
* *Bending Home: Zaɓaɓɓun Sabbin Waƙoƙi, 1967-1998* (Copper Canyon Press, 1998) OCLC 245705378   
* ''Abin da Jikinta Ya Tunanin: Tafiya cikin Inuwa'' (1999) 
* Littafin Courtesans: Katalogue of Their Virtues (2001) 
* ''Gwagwarmaya tare da Mala'ikan Dimokuradiyya: A kan Kasancewa Dan Amurka'' (2008) 
* ''Canja ta'addanci: Tunawa da Rai na Duniya'', tare da Karen Lofthus Carrington (Jami'ar California Press, 2011) 

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* 
* Tarihin Gidauniyar Waƙoƙi
* Susan Griffin's reading lectures, RealAudio[usurped]
* Takardun Susan Griffin, 1914-2015 (ciki har da), 1943-2015 (babban): Taimako na Bincike.  Laburaren Schlesinger, Cibiyar Radcliffe, Jami'ar Harvard.
* Binciken samar da wasan Voices The *Boston Phoenix* (1982-07-06)