Kumburin kwakwalwa

**Amoebic** ƙurji a cikin kwakwalwa wata nau'in cuta ce wadda take haifar da protist na anaerobic parasitic Entamoeba histolytica.  Yana da wuyar gaske;  An ba da rahoton shari'ar farko a cikin shekara ta 1849..  Ƙwaƙwalwar da ke fitowa daga Entamoeba histolytica yana da wuyar ganewa kuma kaɗan kaɗan rahotanni sun ba da shawarar samun cikakkiyar farfadowa ko da bayan gudanar da tsarin kulawa da ya dace.
## Alamomi
Farawar bayyanar cututtuka ba zato ba tsammani kuma cutar tana da sauri sosai.[1]  Don haka gano tushen alamun alamun yana da matukar mahimmanci saboda rashin yin hakan zai iya haifar da mutuwa na kusa.  Alamomi da alamomi sun haɗa da:[1]
*Ciwon kai mai tsayi
*Rashin Cigaba
*Rage motsin hannu na sama
*Matsalar hadiyewa
*Wahalar numfashi
*Ƙananan zazzabi
*Alamun hanji
Hotunan CT na ƙurji da Entamoeba histolytica ke haifarwa ba su da bambanci da ƙuruciyar da wasu kwayoyin halitta ke haifar da su.  Duk da haka, ana yawan ganin ƙurji na kwakwalwa a cikin lobe na gaba ko yankunan ganglia na basal.[1]
## Immunopathogenesis na Entamoeba histolytica
Da zarar trophozoites sun sha exystation a cikin m ileum yankin, sukan mallaki babban hanji, saura a saman lebe Layer da kuma ciyar da kwayoyin cuta da kuma abinci barbashi.  Duk da haka, don mayar da martani ga abubuwan da ba a sani ba, trophozoites sau da yawa suna motsawa ta hanyar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta kuma da zarar sun hadu da kwayar halitta ta epithelial, sun sami damar fara tsarin pathological.  E. histolytica yana da lectin wanda ke ɗaure da galactose da N-Acetylgalactosamine sugars a saman sel epithelial.  Ana amfani da lectin akai-akai don ɗaure ƙwayoyin cuta don ci.  Kwayoyin cuta suna da nau'ikan enzymes da yawa irin su pore forming proteins, lipases, da cysteine proteases, waɗanda galibi ana amfani da su don narkar da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin vacuoles abinci.  Koyaya, waɗannan enzymes na iya haifar da lysis na sel epithelial ta hanyar haifar da necrosis na salula da apoptosis lokacin da trophozoites suka haɗu da su kuma suna ɗaure ta hanyar lectin.  Wannan yana ba da damar shiga cikin bangon hanji da tasoshin jini, wani lokaci yana haifar da hanta da sauran gabobin kamar kwakwalwa.  A halin yanzu, trophozoites sun fara shigar da matattun kwayoyin halitta wanda ke haifar da amsawar rigakafi mai yawa a cikin kwayar halitta ta epithelial..
Lalacewar ƙwayar sel na epithelial yana jawo hankalin sel na rigakafi, wanda bi da bi za a iya lysed ta trophozoite.  Wannan yana haifar da sakin ƙwayoyin sel na rigakafi 'nasu lytic enzymes cikin nama da ke kewaye don haka a ƙarshe yana haifar da lalata nama mai yawa.  Wannan halakar tana bayyana kanta a sigar 'ulcer', yawanci ana siffanta shi da siffa mai siffar flask saboda bayyanarsa a sashin juzu'i.  Wannan raguwar nama na iya haɗawa da magudanar jini da ke haifar da gudawa na jini ko kuma ciwon dajin amebic.[3]
Lokaci-lokaci, lokacin da trophozoites suka shiga cikin jini, ana jigilar su gaba ɗaya zuwa hanta ta hanyar tashar tashar. A cikin hanta akwai irin wannan nau'in pathological, wanda ke haifar da amebic.
kumburin hanta. Hakanan trophozoites na iya ƙarewa a cikin wasu gabobin, sakamakon fashewar ƙurar hanta ko fistulas. A cikin lokuta masu wuyar gaske, lokacin da trophozoites suka yi tafiya zuwa kwakwalwa da suka wuce shingen jini-kwakwalwa, suna iya haifar da kurjin kwakwalwar amoebic.[3]
## Bincike

''
Fahimtar Entamoeba histolytica a cikin ƙuruciyar ƙwaƙwalwa yana da wahala saboda dalilai da yawa.  Na farko, al'adun aerobic da anaerobic gabaɗaya suna ba da sakamako mara kyau.
Bugu da kari, sakamakon CT sau da yawa ba su cika ba kuma har ma da gwajin stool na parasitologic da ultrasonography na ciki sukan haifar da sakamako na yau da kullun. Duk da haka, gwajin kai tsaye na ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na iya nuna kayan necrotic, histiocytes kumfa, ƙananan eosinophils da erythrocytes masu ciki. Siffar sifofi na iya haifar da kasancewar Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites tare da tabo trichrome na Masson. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da bincike na tushen PCR na CSF don tabbatar da gano ƙwayar cuta a cikin tsarin.
## Magani
Metronidazole shine zaɓi na farko na magani don maganin abscesses wanda Entamoeba histolytica ya haifar.  Bugu da ƙari, luminal amebicides kamar Paramomycin dole ne a gudanar da su bayan kammala maganin Metronidazole.  Wannan yana tabbatar da cikakken kawar da protist na parasitic daga tsarin.[7]

## Manazarta