open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Mikša Pelegrinović

**Mikša Pelegrinović** (ko Michiele Pelegrinovich) (c. 1500 - 26 Disamba 1562) mawaki ne na Croatia . &nbsp;

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Pelegrinović a kusa da shekara ta 1500 a garin Hvar a tsibirin da ake kira da wannan sunan. Ya fito ne daga wani dangi mai daraja wanda ya samo asali ne a garin Apulian na Barletta kuma ɗan Marijan ne da Nikolica. Ya halarci makarantar ɗan adam a garinsu kuma ya yi karatun shari'a a Padua.

A shekara ta 1530, a matsayin ƙaramin mutum mai daraja ya yarda da nauyin  Hvar. A wannan shekarar, ya zama Korčulan Notary kuma, a ƙarshen 1538, ya koma Hvar. A ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 1548, an zabi Pelegrinović a matsayin shugaban majalisa a majalisar Zadar. Ya yi tafiya sau biyu zuwa Venice, a cikin 1556 da 1557, mai yiwuwa don buga *Jeđupka* ko sauran ayyukansa. A wannan lokacin ne ya sadu da Livija Martinušević, wanda ya auri a 1558 kuma tare da shi yana da 'yar, Julija, da ɗa, Julije.

## Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen
Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen Pelegrinović ba a san su sosai ba. Tabbas a cikin 1527 ya kirkiro wasu waƙoƙi na carnival, *Jeđupka*, kuma a cikin 1556 ya rubuta wata wasiƙar da aka yi wa mawaki na Ragusan Sabo Bobaljević, wanda aka rubuta a cikin Quatrains na octosyllabic tare da taken ban dariya game da warkar da tsofaffi (Od jazavac vitno rebro, / i od hrta lijeve desni, / od od od odarcabat desni,/i sveci u prah dobro).  Koyaya, daga rubuce-rubucen da aka adana na zamaninsa (Nikola Nalješković, Mavro Vetranović, Petar Hektorović da sauransu) mun san cewa Pelegrinović ya rubuta ƙarin kayan wallafe-wallafen.

A shekara ta 1525, masanin tarihi Vinko Pribojević ya ambaci Pelegrinović a cikin jawabinsa game da asalin Croats, yayin da yake magana game da shahararrun mawaƙa. Petar Hektorović ya keɓe ga Pelegrinović a cikin 1528 fassarar Ovid's Remedia Amoris (*Od lika ljubenoga*).

## Ayyuka (bugawa)

* Pjesme Nikole Nalješkovića, Andrije Čubranovića, Miše Pelegrinovića i Saba Mišetića Bobaljevića i Jegjupka__wol____wol____wol__ (rayin da Luka Zore da Franjo Rački suka rubuta; rubutu don bugawa wanda Sebastijan Žepić ya shirya), JAZU, Stari pisci hrvatski, littafi na VIII. , Zagreb, 1876
* *Mikša Pelegrinović: "Jejupka"*, Mogućnosti, XX. , 1973, shafi na 781-808&nbsp;
* *Počinje Jejupka gospodina Miše Pelegrinovića vlastelina hvarskoga*, Mogućnosti, XXI. , 1974, shafi na 684-710&nbsp;

## Manazarta
Bernardo Pérez de Chinchón

**Bernardo Pérez de Chinchón** (c.1488/93 - 1556?) marubucin Roman Katolika ne na Valencian.

Pérez de Chinchón ya fassara Erasmus zuwa Castilian .  Juan de Borja, Duke na 3 na Gandía, ya yi aiki da shi,  ya kuma rubuta ayyukan apologetics na Kirista da aka yi wa Islama.

## Ayyuka

* (tr.) Erasmus, *Silenos na Alcibíades (Adagia) *, Valencia: Jorge Costilla, 1528
* Littafin da ake kira Antialcorano: wanda yake so ya yi magana game da Alcoran na Mahoma, Valencia, 1532
* *Tattaunawar Kirista game da ƙungiyar Muhammadu da kuma adawa da Yahudawa*, Valencia: Francisco Díaz Romano, 1535.

## Manazarta
Dinko Ranjina

**Dinko Ranjina** (kuma **Domenico Ragnina**; 1536-1607) mawaki ne na Dalmatian daga Jamhuriyar Ragusa (Dubrovnik). A shekara ta 1556 an yarda da shi a cikin Babban Majalisar Jamhuriyar da ke mulki. Ya auri 'yar'uwar Francesco Luccari Burina.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Ranjina kuma ta mutu a Dubrovnik . Ya yi tafiya zuwa Messina da fatan fara kasuwanci kuma daga ƙarshe ya tafi Florence. A Florence ne ya fara rubutu.

Ya rubuta da yawa a cikin Croatian (kimanin waƙoƙi 450) da Italiyanci (kimani sonnets 30) a cikin tarin  daga 1563. Ya kuma rubuta littafin waƙoƙin Croatian Pjesni Guinea .

Cosimo de 'Medici ya shigar da Ragnina cikin Order of St. Stephen . Bayan 'yan shekaru sai ya koma Jamhuriyar Ragusa .

Ya mutu a shekara ta 1607, yana da shekaru 71 kuma ana girmama shi sosai, bayan ya kasance shugaban (''knez'') na gwamnatin Ragusa sau bakwai.

## Dubi kuma

* Jamhuriyar Ragusa
* Littattafan Croatian
* Dalmatian Italiyanci
* Ranjina (iyali) 

## Manazarta
Mick Veivers

**Michael Desmond Veivers** AM (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Agusta 1939) ya kasance memba na Southport daga 1987 zuwa 2001 kuma ya kasance Ministan Ayyukan Gaggawa da Wasanni a Gwamnatin Borbidge. Ya taɓa zama ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Rugby League a baya.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Veivers a Southport da ke Queensland, Ostiraliya. Ya halarci Kwalejin St. Joseph's Nudgee.

## Sana'a
Veivers ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a gasar Premier ta Brisbane Rugby League ga Souths Magpies kuma ya wakilci Queensland da Ostiraliya. Ya kuma buga wa Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles wasa a Sydney. [1] Ɗan uwansa, Greg Veivers, shi ma ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙungiyar rugby. Wani ɗan uwansa, Tom Veivers, ya wakilci Ostiraliya a wasan kurket kuma ya zama ɗan siyasa na Queensland.

## Manazarta
Upper Mount Gravatt State School

**Makarantar Jihar Upper Mount Gravatt** makaranta ce mai zaman kanta ta gwamnati wacce ke da alaƙa da ilimi da kuma koyarwa, wacce ke cikin yankin Brisbane na Upper Mount Gravatt, Queensland, Ostiraliya.  Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Queensland ce ke gudanar da ita, tare da ɗalibai 507 da ma'aikatan koyarwa 39, tun daga shekarar 2023. Makarantar tana hidimar ɗalibai daga shirin zuwa aji na 6.  Buɗe ta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ya kafa unguwar Upper Mount Gravatt.

## Tarihi
Al'umma sun taru suka share bishiyoyi da ciyawar da aka yi amfani da su wajen gina makarantar. Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a ta bayar da kasafin kuɗin gina makarantar na £ 1,117 a watan Mayun 1929. 

A ranar 19 ga Satumba, 1929, Sashen Ilimi ya sanar da cewa za a buɗe makaranta a Upper Mount Gravatt. An buɗe makarantar a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1929,   kuma bikin buɗe makarantar ya gudana a ranar Asabar da rana, 5 ga Oktoba, 1929.  Kimanin mutane 300 ne suka halarci bikin, wanda ministan ilimi a lokacin, Reginald King, ya jagoranta. Kudin makarantar ya kai £1,123.  Tana da ɗaliban tushe 60 daga cikin ɗaliban 80.  A ƙarshen 1930, ɗaliban da suka yi rajista sun kai 81. 

A shekarar 1930, an gabatar da shawarar tsawaita layin dogo na lokacin  daga Holland Park zuwa makarantar an rage ta saboda yawan jama'ar yankin bai isa ya tabbatar da tsawaita lokacin ba.

An yi niyyar ƙara eka 2 a harabar makarantar a watan Yulin 1952,  amma an dage shi har zuwa watan Agusta na 1953, inda ƙasar makarantar ta ƙaru zuwa eka 5 a shekarar 1953. A shekarar 1973, a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin inganta makarantu a Queensland, makarantar ta sami dala $48,477 don gina ɗakin karatu. 

A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 1961, gobara ta lalata mafi yawan makarantar, inda aka lalata yawancin, idan ba duka Rajistar Shiga ba kafin wannan ranar. An ƙirƙiri sabon rajista, wanda ya fara da babban matsayi (a wannan lokacin yana Takwas) na makarantar kuma yana raguwa cikin tsari. An sake samun wata gobara a watan Yunin 2019, inda aka lalata wani gini gaba ɗaya.  An yi wa gobarar kallon abin zargi kuma ana buƙatar rushe ginin.   An kammala gina sabon gini a watan Yulin 2021, tare da buɗe shi a hukumance a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2021. Kudin ginin ya kai dala miliyan 9.21.

## Alƙaluma
A shekarar 2023, makarantar ta sami ɗaliban da suka yi rajista 507, tare da malamai 39 (34.2 daidai da cikakken lokaci) da kuma ma'aikata 25 waɗanda ba sa koyarwa (daidai da cikakken lokaci 15.9). Waɗanda suka yi rajistar mata sun ƙunshi ɗalibai 243, kuma maza sun yi rajistar ɗalibai 264; waɗanda suka yi rajistar 'yan asalin ƙasar sun kai jimillar kashi 7%, kuma kashi 49% na ɗaliban suna da asalin yare banda Turanci. [1]

## Duba kuma

* Ilimi a Queensland
* Jerin makarantu a Babban Brisbane

## Manazarta
Francis na Sales

**Francis na Sales**, C.O., O.M. (Faransanci: ; Italiyanci: ; 21 ga Agusta 1567 - 28 ga Disamba 1622) ya kasance prelate na Katolika na Savoyard wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Bishop na Geneva kuma Mai tsarki ne na Cocin Katolika . Ya zama sananne saboda zurfin bangaskiya da kuma yadda yake da hankali ga rarrabuwar addini a ƙasarsa sakamakon Juyin Juya Halin Furotesta. An kuma san shi da rubuce-rubucensa game da batun jagorancin ruhaniya da kuma koyarwar ruhaniya, musamman *Gabatarwa ga Rayuwa Mai Bauta* da Tattaunawa kan Ƙaunar Allah.

## Rayuwa

### Shekaru na farko
An haifi Francis de Sales watanni biyu kafin lokaci a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta 1567 a cikin Château de Sales a cikin dangin Sales na Duchy na Savoy, a cikin abin da ke yau Thorens-Glières, Haute-Savoie, Faransa. Mahaifinsa shi ne François de Sales, Ubangiji na Tallace-tallace, da Novel, kuma ta hanyar aure, de Boisy . Mahaifiyarsa mace ce mai daraja, Françoise de Sionnaz, ɗa kaɗai ne na shahararren majistare, Melchior de Sionnax, Seigneur de Vallières, de la Thuile, da de Boisy. Wannan kasancewa daya daga cikin iyalai masu daraja a Savoy, mahaifin Francis an san shi da M. de Boisy. 

An yi Ƙara baftisma **Francis Bonaventura** bayan iyayensa, François de la Fléchère da Damoiselle Bonaventure de Chevron-Villette, wanda shi ma gwauruwarsa ce, kakarsa ta uwa. Mahaifinsa yana son shi, na farko daga cikin 'ya'yansa maza shida, ya halarci makarantu mafi kyau a shirye-shiryen aiki a matsayin majistare. Saboda haka ya ji daɗin ilimi mai daraja a garin La Roche-Sur-Foron da ke kusa, kuma yana da shekaru takwas a kwalejin Capuchin da ke Annecy.

### Ilimi da sadaukar da kai

A shekara ta 1578, de Sales ya tafi Collège de Clermont, sannan kuma ma'aikatar Jesuit, don nazarin maganganu da bil'adama. A wannan ziyarar farko zuwa Paris, ya zauna kusa da Église Sainte-Geneviève tare da 'yan uwansa uku. A matsayinsa na mai daraja, bawansa da kuma malamin firist, Abbé Déage sun kasance tare da shi. Don faranta wa mahaifinsa rai, ya ɗauki darussan a cikin ayyukan jin daɗi na hawa, rawa, da kuma shinge. An bayyana De Sales a matsayin mai basira da kyakkyawa, mai tsayi da kuma gina shi da kyau tare da idanu masu launin shudi, ɗan ɓoyewa da shiru, kuma baƙo mai maraba a cikin gidajen manyan mutane waɗanda mahaifinsa ke da alaƙa da su.

## Manazarta
Fausto Veranzio

**Fausto Veranzio** (Latin: Faustus Verantius; Croatian: Faust Vrančić; Hungarian and Vernacular Latin: *Verancsics Faustus*;  1551 – 20 January 1617) was a Croatian polymath, diplomat and bishop from Šibenik, then part of the Republic of Venice. He is a scientist recognised for his genius as both a Croatian and as a Croatian-Hungarian.

## Rayuwa

### Tarihin iyali

An haifi Fausto a Sebenico (Šibenik), Venetian Dalmatia a cikin dangin Croatian na Count Michele / Mihovil Vrančić (Veranzio) da Katarina Berislavić .  Mahaifinsa mawaki ne na Latin, yayin da kawunsa Antun Vrančić,   babban bishop na Esztergom (1504-1573), jami'in diflomasiyya kuma ma'aikacin gwamnati, wanda ke hulɗa da Erasmus (1465-1536), Philip Melanchthon (1497-1560), da Nikola IV Zrinski (1508-1566), wanda ya kula da ilimin Fausto kuma daga baya ya yi tafiya tare da shi yayin wasu tafiye-tafiye na Antun ta Hungary da Jamhuriyar Venice.  Faust yana da ɗan'uwa Kazimir (1557-1637). 

### Ilimi da ayyukan siyasa
Yayinda yake matashi, a karkashin kulawar Antun,  Veranzio yana da sha'awar kimiyya. Yayinda yake yaro, ya koma Venice, inda ya halarci makaranta, sannan zuwa Padua don shiga Jami'ar, inda ya mai da hankali kan doka, kimiyyar lissafi, injiniya da injiniya.

A kotun Sarki Rudolf II, a gidan sarauta na Hradčany a Prague, Veranzio ya kasance shugaban Hungary da Transylvania, sau da yawa yana hulɗa da Johannes Kepler da Tycho Brahe. Bayan mutuwar matarsa,  Veranzio ya tafi Hungary. A shekara ta 1598, ya sami taken Csanád" id="mwnw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Diocese of Csanád">bishop na Csanád (*Episcŏpus Csanadiensis*) *a cikin partibus* (ko da yake bai taɓa sa ƙafa a Csanád ba). A shekara ta 1609, ya dawo Venice, ya shiga ƙungiyar Paul na Tarsus (barnabites) kuma ya ba da kansa ga nazarin kimiyya. Veranzio ya mutu a shekara ta 1617 a Venice kuma an binne shi a Dalmatia, kusa da gidan danginsa a tsibirin Prvić .

## Polymath da mai kirkiro
Ayyukan Veranzio, *Machinae Novae* (Venice 1615 ko 1616),  ya ƙunshi manyan hotuna 49 da ke nuna injuna daban-daban 56, wasu na'urori, da ra'ayoyi fasaha.

## Manazarta
Jafananci a matsayin harshen waje

**Jafananci a matsayin harshen waje** ana nazarin shi ta baƙi a Japan da waɗanda ba na asali ba a duk duniya, gami da waɗanda ke da asalin Jafananci. Yawancin manyan jami'o'i a duk duniya suna ba da darussan yaren Jafananci, kuma yawancin makarantun sakandare har ma da firamare a duk duniya ke ba da darussa a cikin yaren.

## Tarihi

Sha'awar kasa da kasa game da harshen Jafananci ya samo asali ne daga karni na 19 amma ya zama mafi yawa bayan Tattalin arzikin Japan na shekarun 1980 da kuma shahararren al'adun Jafananci na duniya (kamar wasan kwaikwayo da Wasannin bidiyo) tun daga shekarun 1990. A shekara ta 1940, Amurkawa 65 ne kawai wadanda ba 'yan asalin Jafananci ba suka iya karatu, rubutu da fahimtar yaren. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2015, sama da mutane miliyan 3.6 sun yi nazarin yaren a duk duniya, da farko a Gabas da Kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Kusan Sinanci miliyan ɗaya, 'yan Indonesiya 745,000, 'yan Koriya ta Kudu 556,000 da' yan Ostiraliya 357,000 sun yi karatun Jafananci a ƙananan cibiyoyin ilimi. Tsakanin 2012 da 2015, ci gaban masu koyo ya samo asali ne a Ostiraliya (20.5%), Thailand (34.1%), Vietnam (38.7%) da Philippines (54.4%). 

Ya zuwa 2017, fiye da daliban kasashen waje 267,000 suna karatu a jami'o'in Jafananci da makarantun yaren Jafananci, ciki har da 107,260 Sinanci, 61,670 Vietnamese da 21,500 Nepalese.[1] Bugu da kari, kananan hukumomi da wasu kungiyoyin NPO suna ba da darussan yaren Jafananci kyauta ga mazauna kasashen waje, gami da 'yan Japan na Brazil da baƙi da suka auri' yan ƙasar Japan. A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, nazarin harshen Jafananci yana tallafawa ta Ƙungiyar Burtaniya don Nazarin Jafananci. A Ireland, ana ba da Jafananci a matsayin yare a cikin Takardar shaidar barin a wasu makarantu.[2]

## Gwaje-gwaje masu daidaituwa
Gwamnatin Japan tana ba da gwaje-gwaje masu daidaituwa don auna fahimtar magana da rubuce-rubuce na Jafananci ga masu koyon harshe na biyu; mafi shahara shine gwajin ƙwarewar harshen Jafananci (JLPT), wanda ke nuna matakai biyar na jarrabawa (canji daga matakai huɗu a cikin 2010), daga firamare (N5) zuwa ci gaba (N1). Ana ba da JLPT sau biyu a shekara. Kungiyar Ciniki ta waje ta Japan JETRO ta shirya gwajin ƙwarewar Kasuwancin Jafananci wanda ke gwada ikon mai koyo na fahimtar Jafananci a cikin yanayin kasuwanci. Gidauniyar Gwajin Kanji ta Japan, wacce ta karɓi BJT daga JETRO a cikin 2009, ta sanar a watan Agustan 2010 cewa za a dakatar da gwajin a cikin 2011 saboda matsin kuɗi a kan Gidauni. Koyaya, tun daga lokacin ya fitar da wata sanarwa cewa gwajin zai ci gaba da kasancewa sakamakon tallafi daga gwamnatin Japan.

## Dubi kuma

* Koriya a matsayin harshen waje
* Sinanci a matsayin harshen waje

## Manazarta
Mavro Vetranović

**Mauro Vetrani** (Croatian: Mavro Vetranović; 1482–1576) was a writer and Benedictine monk from Ragusa.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a Ragusa (Dubrovnik na zamani), sannan Jamhuriyar Ragusa, a cikin 1482, ya shiga Benedictine Order a cikin 1507 a tsibirin Meleda (Mljet), kuma bayan wani lokaci na ilimi a Monte Cassino a Italiya ya koma Meleda a matsayin mai kula da gidan ibada. A cikin karni na 16, gidan ibada shine cibiyar Ikilisiyar Meleda (Congregatio Melitensem ko Melitanam), wanda ke tattara dukkan gidajen ibada na Benedictine a yankin Jamhuriyar Ragusa, kuma Vetrani shine shugaban farko na Ikilisiyar daga 1544. 

Ya rubuta da yawa a duk rayuwarsa, ya bar babban aikin da ya hada da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, waƙoƙi addini da na satirical da kuma ba a gama ba har zuwa ayoyi 4374. A cikin rubuce-rubucensa ya bayyana kansa a matsayin Ragusan mai kishin kasa wanda kuma zai iya raba wani nau'i na ainihi tare da wasu Dalmatians.

Masanin kimiyya na Croatia Franjo Švelec ya raba aikin Vetranović zuwa lokuta uku. A farkon, har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1520, batutuwansa sun kasance matasa da shayari tare da jigogi na soyayya da tatsuniyoyi. A karo na biyu, har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1540, jigogi 'masu tsanani' sun mamaye shi. A ƙarshe, har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa, ya koma ɗan ga jigogi na ƙuruciyarsa don haka ya rufe da'irar rayuwa da tafiye-tafiye masu ban sha'awa.

Tushen zamani sun yaba da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na wallafe-wallafen Croatian.

## Dubi kuma

* Jamhuriyar Ragusa
* Dubrovnik

## Manazarta
Japanesepod101.com

JapanesePod101.com kwas ɗin kwas ɗin harshe ne da gidan yanar gizon da ke tare da ke ba da darussa cikin Jafananci.[1] Yana daga cikin shafukan yanar gizo na pod101 na Innovative Language Learning USA LLC.[2] Peter Galante, Eran Dekel da Aki Yoshikawa ne suka kafa sabis ɗin a cikin 2005. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need]

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Peter Galante ne ya kirkireshi a cikin shekara ta 2005, Japan.com yana ba da darussan sauti da bidiyo tare da motsa jiki na fadada rubutu da sauran kayan taimako masu yawa ga Masu biyan kuɗi ko "masu biyan kuɗi na farko". Samfurin ilmantarwa ne na Innovative Language kuma an samar da shi a Tokyo, Japan.

## Kamfanin
kamfanin iyaye na JapanesePod101.com Innovative Language Learning USA LLC yana zaune ne a Birnin New York, kuma ayyukan yau da kullun da rikodin JapanesePod10.com suna faruwa a ofisoshin su na Tokyo. Ya zuwa watan Disamba na shekara ta 2016, Innovative Language Learning yana aiki da shafukan yanar gizo kuma yana ƙirƙirar abun ciki don harsuna 34.

## Abun ciki
Darussan kan JapanesePod101.com sun zo a cikin nau'ikan sauti da bidiyo, kuma suna cikin wahala daga cikakkiyar farawa zuwa ci gaba. Masu biyan kuɗi suna samun damar yin amfani da kayan darasi, kamar rubutun, jerin ƙamus, da bayanan darasi.

Cibiyar ilmantarwa tana da wasu fasalulluka da yawa ga masu biyan kuɗi kamar ƙamus, tsarin flashcard, da tarin darussan da aka tsara. A cikin 2014 kamfanin ya fara bayar da sabbin matakan biyan kuɗi don koyarwa ta musamman da darussan Jafananci 1-on-1 akan Skype.

A shekara ta 2006, shafin yanar gizon ya kai sama da 8,000 downloads na abubuwan da ke ciki a kowace rana bisa ga The *Japan Times*,  kuma an lura da shi a cikin Newsweek.  Ya zuwa Satumba 2015, an ba da darussan kamfanin sau 500,000,000 a duk fadin harsuna daban-daban, wannan adadin ya ninka zuwa biliyan 1 a watan Agusta 2018.

Baya ga darussan da albarkatun ilmantarwa, shafin yanar gizon yana da shafin yanar gizo, wanda ya dauki bakuncin jerin labarai game da haruffa na Jafananci ta marubuciya Eve Kushner. An kammala jerin a watan Afrilun 2010. 

## Dubi kuma

* Ilimin yaren Jafananci a Amurka

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

*
Dinko Zlatarić

**Dominko "Dinko" Zlatarić** (1558-1613) mawaki ne kuma Mai fassara daga Jamhuriyar Ragusa, wanda aka dauka a matsayin mafi kyawun mai fassara na Renaissance.

## Rayuwa
Dominiko ita ce sanannen memba na dangin Zlatarić mai daraja daga Dubrovnik . An haifi Dinko a shekara ta 1558 a matsayin ɗan Žimun (Simone Slatarich) Zlatarić da Frana, 'yar wani mai arziki mai suna Dominik Kladurobović . Dan uwan Dinko Mihajlo Zlatarić ya yi aiki a matsayin babban hafsan soji a cikin sojojin Juraj IV Zrinski, yayin da tarihi bai tuna da sauran 'yan uwansa Cvijeto da Nikola ba. 'Yar'uwarsa guda ɗaya Kata ta mutu a shekara ta 1597. Dominiko tana da ɗa guda mai suna Žimun Zlatarić.

Koyon Italiyanci da Latin tun yana ƙarami kuma ya rubuta waƙoƙinsa na farko tun yana yaro, Dinko ya nuna baiwarsa tun yana ƙarama. Saboda haka, mahaifinsa ya tura shi zuwa Padua, inda bayan kammala sanannen Gymnasium, ya shiga Jami'ar yankin, inda ya koyi maganganu, falsafar da dokar farar hula. A shekara ta 1579 ya ba da kuɗin buga waƙoƙin Italiyanci na babban abokinsa Kaisar Simonetti kuma ya keɓe su ga Cvijeta Zuzorić . Ya kuma yi karatun Girkanci a Padua.

## Fassara da waƙoƙi
Ya fassara rubutun Tasso na wasan kwaikwayo na fastoci *Aminta* a Padua a cikin 1580. Daga baya, ba tare da gamsuwa da fassararsa ba, Zlatarić ya canza shi, ya sake yin aiki da shi kuma ya daidaita shi zuwa yanayin Croatian, don haka ya zama **'Ljubmir**'. Daga nan sai ya buga *Electra*, a Tragedy, da Ljubmir, a Pastoral History (tarin fassarorin sa) da Love and Death of Pyramus and Thisbe, An fassara shi zuwa Croatian daga Harsunan Kasashen Waje da yawa, a Venice a cikin 1597. Zlatarić ya keɓe Electra ga Juraj Zrinski, Ljubmir ga Miho Matufić, da *Pyramus da Thisbe* ga Cvijeta Zuzorić.

## Bincike
Ya rubuta a ƙarƙashin tasirin ƙarni na farko na Croatian Petrarchists da makarantun Petrarchist na Italiya. Dangantakarsa mai karfi da al'adar Petrarchist ta yankin an nuna ta hanyar wadatattun salon sa. Maganarsa daban-daban, ƙwarewar aya da sauti, ya sanya Zlatarić cikin mafi kyawun mawaƙa na Croatian na lokacinsa.

Zlatarić kuma sananne ne a matsayin mafi kyawun mai fassara na Renaissance na Croatia. Ya fassara *Aminta* na Tasso a zahiri, tare da canje-canjen da suka dace da wani mita daban. Sashe na biyu, *Ljubmir*, ya fi dacewa, wallafe-wallafen kuma mai tsarki, tare da harshe mai wadata. Fassararsa na Sophocles' *Electra* ya nuna ba kawai ilimin Zlatarić ba, dandano da ikon versifying, har ma da kyautar waka. *Ƙaunar Pyramus da Thisbe* tana kusa da fassarar rubutu. Gabaɗaya, ana iya ɗaukar fassarorin Zlatarić a matsayin nasarorin waka masu zaman kansu, suna faɗaɗa kewayon wallafe-wallafen Renaissance na Croatia.

## Manazarta
Duan Shuqing

**Duan Shuqing** (Chinese; c. 1510 - c. 1600) mawaki ne na kasar Sin na Daular Ming .

## Rayuwa
An haife ta ne a Dangtu County a Anhui ga dangin malamai, mahaifinta Duan Tingbi ya koya mata yadda ake karatu. Ta yi tafiya tare da shi kuma ta karanta yawancin litattafai, musamman Lienü zhuan . Ta auri masanin Confucian Rui Ru.

Ta rubuta nau'o'i daban-daban na ayoyi kuma an ce suna bin tsarin waƙoƙin Daular Tang. Ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙinta, *Hasumiyar Taibai*, an sadaukar da ita ga Li Bai, sanannen mawaki na wannan shekarun.

## Tushen

*
Huang E

**Huang E** (Chinese; 1498-1569) mawaki ne na kasar Sin na Daular Ming.

## Rayuwa da aiki
Gidan iyalinta yana Suining a Sichuan, amma sau da yawa tana zaune tare da mahaifinta, wanda babban jami'in kotun Ming ne. An san ta da basira kuma ta sami ilimi mai kyau ta kowane ma'auni. Bayan ta koma Sichuan lokacin da take da shekaru 21, ta auri Yang Shen, ɗan Babban Sakatare Yang Tinghe . Ma'aurata biyu suna da matukar sha'awar ayyukan wallafe-wallafen.

Dukansu Yang Shen da mahaifinsa sun yi adawa da Sarkin sarakuna na Jiajing kuma an doke Yang Shen sannan aka kore shi zuwa Yunnan. Daga nan sai ta tafi gidan dangin Yang a Chengdu, inda ta kula da al'amuran kudi da ilimi da kuma renon yara da jikoki na dangin Yang. Sun yi magana da wasiƙu kuma sun aika wa juna waƙoƙi, wanda Yang Shen ya nuna wa wasu kuma ta haka ne ya zama sananne.

Su biyu sun sake haɗuwa a takaice a shekara ta 1526 lokacin da aka ba Yang Shen damar komawa ya ziyarci mahaifinsa mai mutuwa. Da zarar tafiyarsa ta gama, Huang E ya yi tafiya tare da Yang Shen zuwa Yunnan don taimaka masa da raba wahalarsa. Sun koma Sichuan a shekara ta 1529 don halartar jana'izar Yang Tinghe. Bayan haka, Huang E ya zauna don kula da gidan yayin da Yang Shen ya koma Yunnan.

A shekara ta 1559, bala'i ya fadi yayin da Yang Shen ya mutu yana da shekaru 71 a barikin inda aka tura shi gudun hijira. Huang E ta yi tafiya zuwa Huzhou, Yunnan don ɗaukar gawar mijinta zuwa kabarin danginsu a Xingdu. An ce bala'in ya yi yawa ga Huang E kuma ta yi rashin lafiya a sakamakon haka. Ta mutu a shekara ta 1569. 

An rubuta waƙoƙi da yawa a cikin sunanta inda ta gargadi Yang Shen saboda rashin kulawa da shi a Yunnan, kodayake yana yiwuwa ya rubuta wasu daga cikinsu a matsayin parody akan kansa.

Yawancin ayyukan Huang E an tattara su a cikin *Zaɓuɓɓukan Waƙoƙi na Matar Zhangyuan Yang*, Bayan Tunanin Waƙoƙin Silk da Ballads na Madame Yang, *Yuefu na Madam Huang*, *Wasiƙu Tsakanin Miji da Matar*, da *Sanqu na Yang Shen da Matarsa*. A shekara ta 1983 AD, an gina Huang E Memorial Hall a Gui Lake a Xingdu inda aka bar abubuwa da yawa don a nuna su.

## ''An aika wa Mijina''
Misali na waƙoƙinta da aka yi amfani da su don sadarwa tare da Yang Shen an aika shi zuwa ga Mijina:

## Manazarta
Makarantar Jihar Jindalee

**Makarantar Jihar Jindalee** (JSS) makarantar firamare ce ta gwamnati, mai haɗin gwiwa, wacce ke cikin yankin Brisbane na Jindalee, a Queensland, Ostiraliya.  Ma'aikatar Ilimi ce ke gudanar da ita, tare da ɗalibai 656 da ma'aikatan koyarwa 52, tun daga shekarar 2023. Makarantar tana hidimar ɗalibai daga shirin zuwa aji na 6. 

## Tarihi
An buɗe makarantar a ranar 24 ga Janairu 1966, [1] tare da rajistar ɗalibai 64 na asali. [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Tun daga lokacin makarantar ta ƙara girma, inda aka buɗe ƙarin tubalan tsawon shekaru, wanda ya ƙare da buɗe zauren makarantar a shekarar 1998 da kuma gyara sabon tubalan a gaban zauren makarantar, wanda ake kira H8 da H7 a shekarar 2006 da kuma Kirinari da ke bayan zauren a shekarar 2011.

## Tsarin gida

## Manhajar Kwamfutar Laptop
A shekarar 2009, Jindalee ita ce makaranta ta farko a yankin Centenary da ke da azuzuwan kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, inda ɗalibai ke yin mafi yawan ayyukansu ta hanyar dijital a kan kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka. &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Duk da haka, an dakatar da shirin Kwamfutar Laptop a shekarar 2015 saboda sabbin azuzuwan "BYOD (Kawo Na'urarka)". 

## Manazarta
Li Mengyang

**Li Mengyang** (李夢陽; 1473-1529) mawaki ne kuma masanin falsafa na Daular Ming .  Ya kasance wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Archaist (復古). 

## Farkon rayuwa
An haifi Li Mengyang a cikin iyalin soja a Shaanxi . A lokacin da aka haife shi, kakan Li mai maye ya rasa dukiyar iyalin a cikin fare, wanda ya haifar da iyalin su zama matalauta sosai. Koyaya, mahaifin Li ya zama jami'i kuma iyalin suka koma Kaifeng.

Li Mengyang ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi gwajin lardin Henan a cikin 1489, amma ya kasa. A shekara mai zuwa ya auri Zuo Shi (左氏), jikokin yarima Zhu Su, kuma suna da ɗa tare. Sun koma Qingyang kuma Li ya wuce jarrabawar lardin Shaanxi a Xi'an a cikin 1492. Zai zauna a can har tsawon shekaru biyar, yana koyarwa da karatu.

## Lokaci a Beijing da ɗaurin kurkuku na farko
Li ya koma Beijing a shekara ta 1498. A can ya shiga ƙungiyar litattafan Li Dongyang (babu dangantaka), inda ya shiga cikin ƙwazo. Ya sami nadin a matsayin sakatare a Ma'aikatar Haraji. Bayan wani aiki a Tongzhou, an tura shi zuwa Yulin, Shaanxi . A can ne a cikin 1501 ya gano wani babban shirin kauce wa haraji wanda ya shafi 'yan kasuwa da dangin sarki. Lokacin da Li ya yi ƙoƙari ya fallasa zamba, ya fusata da yawa waɗanda suka zarge shi da cin hanci da rashawa kuma an cire Li daga ofis. Daga baya aka wanke shi kuma ya koma mukaminsa.

Li Mengyang ya koma Kaifeng don zama a gonar ɗan'uwansa kusa da Kogin Yellow. Ya shafe shekara guda a can, yana koyarwa da rubutu. Daga cikin rubuce-rubucensa a wannan lokacin akwai waƙoƙi da ke sukar kotun Liu Jin. Lokacin da Liu Jin ya ji labarin wannan, ya yi fushi. Ya kama Li Mengyang, ya dawo da shi babban birnin cikin sarƙoƙi, kuma ya ɗaure shi. Li ya sami nasarar samun abokinsa Kang Hai (康海) ya ba da shawara a gare shi kuma an saki Li.

## Lokaci a Jiangxi da ɗaurin kurkuku na uku
A Jiangxi, Li ya sami babban ci gaba wajen inganta ilimi. Ya ƙarfafa ɗalibai suyi nazarin wallafe-wallafen gargajiya da kuma kula da mutuncin su wajen hulɗa da jami'ai. Ya dawo da White Deer Academy kuma ya ba da umarnin kafa makarantun gida a duk fadin lardin.

Daliban Li sun ki durƙusa a gaban ma'aikatan yankin, kuma an soki Li saboda wannan. Daga baya, a cikin 1514 wasu daga cikin ɗalibansa sun yi yaƙi da masu tsaron yarima. Li ya kare ɗalibansa kuma ya yi wa masu gadi bulala. Lokacin da yarima ya sami labarin wannan, an kai Li ga dangin sarki kuma bincike ya biyo baya. Li zai fuskanci shari'a, amma jami'an mulkin mallaka sun san cewa dubban dalibai sun shirya don yin yaƙi da Li a Nanchang, don haka an gudanar da shari'ar a   mil 130 gabas.

## Manazarta
Latin na Wheelock

Wheelock's ***Latin*** (asalin taken Latin kuma daga Bayani Latin: Wani Gabatarwa Darasi Based on Ancient Authors) cikakken littafi ne na Latin. Babi suna gabatar da batutuwa masu alaƙa da ilimin lissafi kuma suna ɗaukar ƙarancin ko babu ilimin Latin ko harshe. Kowane babi yana da tarin darussan fassara da aka kirkira musamman don littafin, mafi yawan su kai tsaye daga tsoffin tushe. Wadanda suka fito daga marubutan Romawa (*Sententiae Antiquae* - lit., "tsoffin kalmomi" ko "tsoffin tunani") da kuma wuraren karatu da suka biyo baya na iya zama ko dai kalaman kai tsaye ko kuma fassarar da aka daidaita na asali. An haɗa shi a cikin rubutun akwai maganganun gabatarwa game da al'adun Romawa na Dā. A ƙarshen kowane babi akwai wani sashi da ake kira "Latina Est Gaudium - Et Utilis!", wanda ke nufin "Latin Yana da Nishaɗi - Kuma Mai Amfani!" Wannan sashi yana gabatar da jimloli da za a iya amfani da su a tattaunawa (kamar "Quid agis hodie?", ma'ana "Yaya kake a yau?"), kuma musamman maganganu game da kalmomin Ingilishi da alaƙarsu da Latin. An buga shi ne a 1956 a cikin Barnes & Noble College Outline Series, littafin a halin yanzu yana cikin bugu na bakwai.  An fassara bugu na 6 zuwa Koriya (2005), tare da fassarar Koriya ta 7th edition har yanzu; an fassara bugu ya 7 zuwa Sinanci (2017).

Sabuwar fitowar ta haɗa da gabatarwa, gabatarwa، sharhi game da sake fasalin, taswira, da hotuna masu yawa na baki da fari. Har ila yau, yana ba da taimako tare da furcin da bayani game da marubutan Roman da aka gabatar a cikin karatun babi.[1]

## Tarihin wallafe-wallafen

* Wheelock F. M. - *Latin*. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1956. xxxiii & 301 p. Kwalejin Bayani Series #104. $1.95. Farfesa Wheelock (1902-1987) ya kasance Farfesa na Humanities a Kwalejin Cazenovia Junior a lokacin bugawa.
* Wheelock F. M. - *Latin: Darasi na gabatarwa wanda ya dogara da marubutan zamanin d ̄ a*. 2nd ed. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1960. xxxiii & 377 p. 
* Wheelock F. M. - *Latin: Darasi na gabatarwa wanda ya dogara da marubutan zamanin d ̄ a*. 3rd ed. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1963. xxxiii & 457 p. The Barnes & Noble Outline Series #104. Farfesa Wheelock ya kasance Farfesa Emeritus na Classics a Jami'ar Toledo a lokacin bugawa. 
* Wheelock F. M. - Wheelock's Latin Grammar. 4th ed. , an sake duba shi. [Hasiya] xxvi & 418 p. 
* Wheelock F. M. da R. A. LaFleur. *Wheelock's Latin 5th Edition.* New York: HarperCollins, 1995. xli & 498 p.
* Wheelock F. M. da R. A. LaFleur. *Wheelock's Latin 6th Edition.* [Hasiya] l & 510 shafi na.
* Wheelock F. M. da R. A. LaFleur. *Wheelock's Latin 6th Edition, Revised.* New York: HarperCollins, 2005. xlviii & 512 p.
* Wheelock F. M. da R. A. LaFleur. *Wheelock's Latin 7th Edition (The Wheelock ta Latin Series).* [Hasiya] xliv + 564 p.  .

## Manazarta


## Haɗin waje

* Shafin yanar gizon hukuma
Makarantar Jihar Boondall

**Makarantar Jihar Boondall** makaranta ce mai zaman kanta ta gwamnati wacce ke da alaƙa da ilimi tare da jama'a, wacce ke cikin yankin Brisbane na Boondall, Queensland, Ostiraliya.  Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Queensland ce ke gudanar da ita, tare da ɗalibai 648 da ma'aikatan koyarwa 45, tun daga shekarar 2023. Makarantar tana hidimar ɗalibai daga shirin zuwa aji na 6. 

An sanya makarantar a cikin Rijistar Gado ta Brisbane a matsayin Wurin Gado na Gida tun daga ranar 1 ga Yuli 2003, saboda bishiyoyin Arbor Day na makarantu.

## Tarihi

An yi kira da a gina makarantar firamare ta jiha a yankin a shekarar 1920,  kuma ta kasance na tsawon shekaru huɗu masu zuwa,  duk da cewa an fara share filin makarantar a watan Agusta 1921. An gabatar da buƙatar gina makaranta a Boondall ga Ministan Koyar da Jama'a na wancan lokacin,  John Huxham,  a ranar 19 ga Afrilu 1920.  Wata guda bayan haka a lokacin wani taron jama'a a ranar 19 ga Yuni 1920 aka kafa kwamitin gina makaranta. An amince da makarantar da za a gina da kuma mallakar filin a ranar 17 ga Yuli 1920; duk da haka, sai a ranar 5 ga Agusta 1924 kafin a ba da izinin gina makarantar.

An gina Makarantar Jihar Boondall a farkon shekarar 1925,  kuma an kafa makarantar a ranar 2 ga Afrilu,  kuma an buɗe ta a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1925,  tare da ɗalibai 61, waɗanda ba su kai 80 ba. An gudanar da bikin buɗe makarantar a ranar Asabar da rana, 18 ga Afrilu, 1925, ta hannun Ministan Ilimi a lokacin, Thomas Wilson.

Ma'aikatar Ilimi (a lokacin Ma'aikatar Koyar da Jama'a) ta ƙarfafa filayen makarantun jiha su kasance masu tsabta, ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa an ba da kyaututtuka ga makarantun da suka kula da filayen wasanninsu da lambunan makaranta. Domin ƙarfafa wannan, ma'aikatar ta sanya Ranar Arbor a matsayin wani ɓangare na kalandar makaranta ta shekara-shekara, wanda ya haɗa da dasa bishiyoyi masu inuwa ko bishiyoyi masu fure. An yi bikin ranar tun shekarar da aka buɗe makarantar a 1925.  A ranar Arbor a 1925, ɗalibai, iyaye da maƙwabtan makarantar sun dasa bishiyoyi a filin makarantar, tare da dasa bishiyoyin a kan layin shinge da ke kan titin Roscommon da Sandgate.

An yi watsi da lambun da ke da bishiyoyi a shekarar 1929 kuma sakacin ya ci gaba har zuwa farkon shekarun Babban Tashin Hankali. An rasa ɗaya daga cikin bishiyoyin a shekarar 1930, ba saboda sakacin ba, amma saboda gobarar daji, wadda ta kusa da ginin makarantar.

A shekarar 1932, an kawar da hukuncin da aka yanke wa ɗalibi a makarantar gaba ɗaya, inda aka maye gurbinsa da Ƙungiyar 'Matasa Wasanni', wadda ta ƙunshi ɗaliban makarantar gaba da sakandare, waɗanda suka ɗage 'ra'ayoyin wasanni masu kyau: wanda yake da tawali'u a nasara, yana murmushi a ƙarƙashin shan kaye, kuma yana iya yin wasan kamar yadda ya kamata.' [1] Ƙungiyar ta yi aiki kamar kotu, tana shari'ar masu laifi kuma tana ba da shawarar hukunci ga waɗanda suka aikata laifi. [1] [undefined] A shekarar 1933, an ruwaito cewa gwajin makarantar game da ɗabi'a ya yi tasiri, inda adadin abubuwan da suka shafi ɗabi'a suka ragu sosai. [3] [2] Ba a san ko an soke ƙungiyar ko kuma lokacin da aka yi hakan ba.

## Manazarta
John Ferguson Weir

**John Ferguson Weir** (Agusta 28, 1841 - Afrilu 26, 1926) ɗan asalin Amurka ne, mai zane-zane, marubuci, kuma malami. Ya kasance ɗan mai zane Robert Walter Weir, farfesa na dogon lokaci na zane a Kwalejin Soja a West Point . Yayansa, J. Alden Weir, shi ma ya zama sanannen mai zane wanda ya zana a cikin salon Impressionism na Amurka. Yar uwarsa ta kasance mai zane-zane kuma malami Irene Weir .

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Agusta, 1841, a West Point, New York, kuma ya yi karatu tare da mahaifinsa Robert Walter Weir da kuma National Academy, New York. Yayinda yake saurayi, ya yi aiki a kan zane-zane na rayuwa kuma ya zama ƙwararre a cikin shimfidar wurare. A shekara ta 1862, a lokacin ranar haihuwarsa ta 21, mai kula da fasaha Robert Leighton Stuart ya ba shi izini don zana wani wuri mai faɗi na West Point wanda ya kira Hudson Highlands, West Point, Summer Afternoon . An kuma san shi da View of the Hudson Highlands, West Point .  Wannan kwamishinan ya gabatar da shi ga duniyar fasaha ta Birnin New York, kuma ya kai shi ga hayar ƙaramin ɗaki a cikin Tenth Street Studio, inda ya saba da yawancin matasa masu zane-zane na ranar.

Babban aikinsa na gaba shine An Artist's Studio, yana nuna mahaifinsa yana zanen a cikin ɗakinsa. An gama shi a 1864 sannan aka nuna shi a Athenaeum Club da National Academy of Design . Aikin ya zama babban sayarwa na farko, kuma ya haifar da zabensa a matsayin abokin tarayya na Kwalejin Kasa.

Weir ya zama mai sha'awar masana'antar West Point Iron da Cannon, a fadin Hudson daga West Point, masana'antar da ta kera mafi yawan manyan bindigogi ga Tarayyar a lokacin yakin basasa. Babban aikinsa na uku shine The Gun Foundry, 1866, wani abu mai ban mamaki na masana'antar ciki wanda ke nuna simintin Parrott Gun. An karɓi wannan aikin sosai a baje kolin bazara na 1866 na Kwalejin Zane ta Kasa kuma ya haifar da zabensa a matsayin cikakken masanin kimiyya.

Babban zanensa na huɗu shi ne Forging the Shaft, 1868. An kuma fentin shi a West Point Foundry, amma bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin basasa, kuma ya nuna ƙirƙirar babban shaft don motar jirgin ruwa. An nuna shi a Kwalejin a 1868, an kuma karɓa sosai. Wutar ta lalata shi a 1869, kuma Weir ya zana kwatankwacin tsakanin 1874 da 1877. 

## Manazarta

## Tushen
Lü Tiancheng

**Lü Tiancheng** (Sinanci: 呂天成; : ; : ; 1580-1618) marubucin wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma mawaki mai aiki a lokacin marigayi Daular Ming.

## Ayyuka
An yi imanin cewa Lü shine marubucin littafin lalata mai suna *[[The Embroidered Couch|Xiuta yeshi]]* ko The Embroidered Couch, wanda aka ruwaito ya rubuta tun yana matashi. A cewar abokinsa kuma mai sukar wasan kwaikwayo na zamani, Wang Jide, Lü ya kuma rubuta wani labari mai suna *Xianqing biezhuan* "don nishaɗi". Bayan ya daidaita wasan kwaikwayo da yawa ciki har da Romance of the Western Chamber da Story of a White Rabbit, Lü da kansa ya kasance mai sukar wasan kwaikwayo. Ayyukansa na asali na 1613 *[[Qu Pin]]* () ko Opera Studies sun ƙunshi wasu tarihin rayuwa na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, tare da sharhi game da sanannun wasan kwaikwayo daga Daular Yuan zuwa daular Ming; a cewar Tarihin Tarihin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasar Sin, *Qu Pin* shine "ɗaya daga cikin littattafai masu tasiri a kan wasan kwaikwayo iri-iri, wasan kwaikwayo na Kudancin, labari, da wasan kwaikwayo na Kun".

## Manazarta
Tang Yin

**Tang Yin** ( Chinese       ; 6 Maris 1470  - 7 Janairu 1524  ), suna mai ladabi **Bohu** ()  ) da **Ziwei** (子畏),  wani mai zane ne na kasar Sin, mai rubuta rubutun hannu, kuma mawaƙi na zamanin daular Ming .

Ko da yake an haife shi a lokacin daular Ming, yawancin zane-zanensa, musamman na mutane, an kwatanta su da abubuwa daga Pre-Tang zuwa fasahar Daular Song.

Tang Yin yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu zane-zane a tarihin fasahar kasar Sin . Yana ɗaya daga cikin " Masu Jagoranci Huɗu na daular Ming " ( *Ming Si Jia* ), wanda ya haɗa da Shen Zhou (1427–1509), Wen Zhengming (1470–1559) da Qiu Ying (kimanin 1495–1552). Tasirinsa ga fasahar zamani, kamar Cai Han, abin lura ne. Tang mawaƙi ne mai hazaka, kuma tare da abokan aikinsa Wen Zhengming, Zhu Yunming (1460–1526), da Xu Zhenqing, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin " Masu Jagoranci Huɗu na Adabi na Yankin Wuzhong".

## Rayuwa

Tang ya fito ne daga mahimman 'yan kasuwa na Suzhou, a matakin tattalin arziki mara kyau na ɗan mai kula da gidan abinci. Sabanin wasu asusun, da alama ya yi karatu sosai a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, ba ya kula da ribar dukiya. Kwarewarsa, wanda daga baya zai ba shi suna a matsayin babban baiwa na yankin Jiangnan (Kudancin China), nan da nan ya ja shi cikin masu arziki, masu iko, da kuma masu baiwa na Suzhou. Wen Zhengming ya zama abokinsa; mahaifin Wen, Wen Lin (1445-99), ya yi aiki a matsayin wani abu na mai tallafawa, yana ba shi haɗin kai.

Ya kasance dalibi mai basira kuma daga baya ya zama mai kula da Wen Lin. Abokansa a cikin masana Suzhou sun hada da Shen Zhou, Wu Kuan (1436-1504) da Zhu Yunming . A cikin 1498 Tang Yin ya zo na farko a cikin jarrabawar lardin a Nanjing, mataki na biyu a cikin tsani na jarrabawar Imperial. A shekara mai zuwa ya tafi babban birnin don zama a cikin jarrabawar kasa, amma an zarge shi da abokinsa Xu Jing (?-1507) da cin hanci ga bawan daya daga cikin manyan masu jarrabawa don ba su tambayoyin jarrabawa a gaba. Dukkanin jam'iyyun an daure su, kuma Tang Yin ya koma Suzhou cikin kunya, babban burinsa na aikin gwamnati mai ban sha'awa ya ɓace har abada.

## Manazarta
John Erskine Clarke

**John Erskine Clarke** (1827-1920) wani limami ne na Burtaniya wanda ya fitar da mujallar Ikklisiya ta farko. Ya kafa wasu wallafe-wallafen addini da yawa kuma yana da alhakin kafa makarantun majami'u da asibitoci a Battersea. Ya kuma yi gasa a Henley Royal Regatta .

An haifi Clarke a Cossepor, Bengal, Indiya ɗan fari na William Fairlie Clarke  jami'in Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya. Mahaifin Clarke ya mutu a shekara ta 1835 kuma iyalin suka koma Edinburgh. An shigar da shi a Kwalejin Wadham, Oxford a ranar 26 ga Yuni 1846.  Clarke ya yi tafiya a Oxford kuma a cikin 1849 ya kasance a Kwalejin Wadham takwas wanda ya lashe Kofin Grand Challenge a Henley Royal Regatta .  A cikin 1850 a cikin guda scull ya kasance na biyu a cikin Diamond Challenge Sculls zuwa Thomas Bone . A shekara ta 1851 tare da C L Vaughan a cikin nau'i-nau'i biyu, ya kasance mai tsere a cikin Silver Goblets a Henley zuwa James Aitken da Joseph William Chitty . 

Clarke ya ɗauki Dokoki Masu Tsarki kuma ya zama curate na St Mary, Low Harrogate a 1851. A shekara ta 1852 ya zama curate na St Mary, Lichfield har zuwa 1856, lokacin da ya zama vicar na St Michael's Church, Derby .  Gabashin gable na St Michael ya fadi a lokacin hidima a 1856 kuma an sake gina shi a 1858.  Yayinda yake a St Michael's ya fara mujallar Ikklisiya ta farko a duniya, mai suna Parish Magazine, a watan Janairun shekara ta 1859. Ya kasance mai goyon bayan Derby Co-operative Society wanda ke ba da ɗakin karatu kuma a matsayin wakilin Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ya taimaka wajen samar da kantin sayar da kayan masarufi. Ya kuma kasance shugaban abin da aka sani da Happy Home Union .  A shekara ta 1863 ya kafa **Kyautar* Yara*, takarda ga yara ƙanana daga baya ake kira Kyautar. A shekara ta 1866 ya koma St Andrew Derby  kuma ya fara aiki tare da mai bugawa William Macintosh don samar da Chatterbox, takarda na mako-mako ga yara tsofaffi.  An fara sayar da bugu na farko a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 1866. Clarke ya zama Prebendary na Lichfield Cathedral a 1869.  A shekara ta 1871 ya fara Church Bells, wata jaridar addini ta mako-mako.

A shekara ta 1872, Clarke ya zama Vicar na Diocese na Rochester a 1877, an nada shi Dean na Rural a 1880, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Proctor na diocesan. .

## manazarta
Duncan Druce

**Robert Duncan Druce** (23 ga Mayu 1939 - 13 ga Oktoba 2015) ya kasance mawaki ne na Ingilishi, mai kunna kirtani kuma masanin kiɗa, wanda aka sani da faɗin sha'awar kiɗa daga kiɗa na zamani zuwa baroque da kiɗa na farko, da kuma kiɗa na Indiya. 

## Ilimi da rayuwar ilimi
An haifi Druce a Cheshire a 1939,  ɗan tsohon Katy Chesters da Robert Druce, masanin ƙwayoyin cuta.  A shekara ta 1957, ya shiga Kwalejin Sarki, Cambridge, wanda daga baya ya ba shi lambar yabo ta farko sau biyu a cikin kiɗa. Daga baya, ya kammala Masters a Jami'ar Leeds kuma, a shekarar 1984 ya fara digiri na biyu, a Jami'an York, ya zaɓi wannan lokacin kiɗa na kudancin Indiya a matsayin batun rubutun sa. A shekara ta 1991, Druce ya sauka daga mukaminsa na dogon lokaci a matsayin babban malami a Jami'ar Leeds ta Bretton Hall Campus, don ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa. Druce ya ba da lacca a cikin abun da ke ciki na ɗan lokaci a Jami'ar Huddersfield har zuwa mutuwarsa.

Druce ta auri Clare Spalding a shekarar 1964. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Alison da Emily. Gwauruwarsa, 'ya'yansa mata, jikoki huɗu da jikansa, da' yar'uwarsa Cathy duk sun tsira daga gare shi.

## Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo
Lokacin da yake aiki a matsayin mai samar da kiɗa ga BBC a ƙarshen shekarun 1960, Duncan Druce ya zama sananne kuma yana buƙatar violin da viola player na kiɗa na zamani. Ya kasance memba na asali na Harrison Birtwistle's Pierrot Players, wanda aka sani da fassarar violin / violin a cikin Schoenberg's *Pierrot Lunaire* . Druce ya kuma yi tare da ƙungiyar Music Theatre Ensemble da Fires of London a wannan lokacin.

Sabanin haka, Druce ya kasance daya daga cikin mutanen da aka fi girmamawa a cikin wasan kwaikwayon Early Music .  Daya daga cikin 'yan Burtaniya masu rai na viola d'amore, ya kasance memba na Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Dā ta Christopher Hogwood, memba ne na asali na Yorkshire Baroque Soloists kuma ya ci gaba da wasa tare da kungiyoyi kamar Pennine Chamber Ensemble . Druce ya ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a kai a kai, ko dai a kan daya daga cikin violins na baroque, violas ko viola d'amore a cikin wasan kwaikwayo a duk faɗin ƙasar har zuwa mutuwarsa.

## manazarta
Kwalejin Kirista ta Bundaberg

**Kwalejin Kirista ta Bundaberg (BCC)**  makaranta ce mai zaman kanta, wacce ba ta da alaƙa da addinin Kirista, wacce ke da alaƙa da juna, P-12, wacce ke cikin birnin Bundaberg, a Queensland, Ostiraliya.   Makarantun 'Yancin Kai na Queensland ne ke gudanar da ita, tare da ɗalibai 760 da ma'aikatan koyarwa 73, tun daga shekarar 2023. Ita ce ɗaya daga cikin makarantu na ƙarshe da suka yi amfani da hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku a Queensland. 

## Tarihi
An buɗe makarantar a ranar 1 ga Janairu 1996.

A shekarar 2016, makarantar ta sanya mafi girman tsarin hasken rana na haɗin gwiwa a Ostiraliya a lokacin, tare da daidai faifan hasken rana 740, da kuma kimanin batura 170,  tare da ajiyar batirin 200KW.

A shekarar 2022, an faɗaɗa Makarantar Ƙarami, inda aka ware ƙungiyar Shirya zuwa aji 6 a wani sashe na makarantar, wanda bai faru ba cikin shekaru 15.

## al'adu
Kwalejin Kirista ta Bundaberg ta shiga cikin al'adu da dama, ciki har da Eisteddfods da wasannin motsa jiki. Makarantar tana da ƙungiyoyi da yawa, ciki har da Junior, Senior, Age 5 da Stage, ƙungiyoyin mawaka da yawa, ciki har da Junior, Senior da Voiceworx, da kuma ƙungiyoyin makada da yawa, ciki har da Junior, Senior, Age 4 da Age 8 Chamber. Kayan kida mai igiya dole ne a Age 4, da kuma ƙarfe mai tagulla ko iska mai ƙarfi a Age 5. A Age 6+, ɗalibai suna da zaɓin koyon kayan kida. [ ana buƙatar ambato ]

## Horarwa
Makarantar tana da tsarin hukunta mutane har zuwa tsakiyar shekarar 2012, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama ɗaya daga cikin makarantu na ƙarshe a Queensland da suka yi amfani da wannan nau'in horo.  An ba da yin fare ko yin bulala ga "mummunan cin zarafi na baki ko na jiki, sata ko rashin ɗa'a". A shekarar 2008, an yi amfani da faren makarantar, tare da amincewar iyaye, sau 10, kuma sau 7 a shekarar da ta gabata. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin makarantu a Queensland

## Manazarta
Ecce Romani

**Ecce [[Romawa na Da|Roma]]** shirin Latin ne na karatu. Littattafai biyu na farko suna nuna Cornelians, iyali mai arziki daga Roma a ƙarshen ƙarni na 1 AZ. Littafin na uku yana mai da hankali kan Labaran Romawa da tatsuniyoyi. Taken jerin yana fassara zuwa *Dubi! *! *Romawa!*

## Tsarin
Kowane babi a cikin Ecce Romani yana da labarin da aka rubuta a cikin Latin. A ƙarƙashinsa akwai jerin sababbin kalmomi ko waɗanda ba a sani ba a cikin rubutun, tare da fassarori da gajerun bayanai game da kalmar. Wannan zai biyo bayan darasi na harshe, wanda ya shafi nassin, da kuma aikin harshe. Babi zai ƙare tare da ko dai bayanan al'adu, bayanan tarihi, ko wani abu makamancin haka.

## Synopses

### ''Ecce Romani na II''
Littafin farko ya buɗe da gabatar da mai karatu ga iyalin Cornelian: Gaius, Sanata na Roma, Aurelia, mahaifiyar yara biyu, Cornelia, ƙanwar Marcus, wanda shine ɗan fari na iyalin. Suna kula da Sextus, wani yaro wanda mahaifiyarsa ta mutu a fashewar Dutsen Vesuvius a Pompeii, kuma mahaifinsa yana cikin sojoji, wanda aka ajiye a Asia Minor.[1]

An gaya wa Gaius cewa dole ne ya koma Roma nan da nan, saboda zaman Majalisar Dattijai da sarki ya kira. Jirgin da iyalin ke tafiya a cikin hadari a cikin rami, inda suka kasance na dogon lokaci na labarin. Bayan surori da yawa, an gyara motar. Daga bisani iyalin suka isa Roma, inda Titus, mahaifin Gaius ya gaishe su.

### ''Ecce Romani na III''

### ''Ecce Romani I''

## Tarihin wallafe-wallafen
Jerin ya fara ne a cikin 1971 tare da bugawa na *Ecce Romani 1: Ganawa da Iyali* . 

## Manazarta