open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Folk dances of Jharkhand

**Rawar gargajiya** ta Jharkhand tana wakiltar al'adunta masu haske da al'ada. Akwai rawa iri-iri ta gargajiya a jihar Jharkhand waɗanda ake yi a lokacin girbi, biki da tarurrukan jama'a. Wasu raye-rayen gargajiya da na ƙabilanci a Jharkhand sune Jhumair, Mardana Jhumair, Janani Jhumair, Domkach, Lahasua, Jhumta, Fagua, Paika, Chhau, Firkal, Mundari da Santali.   

## Jerin Rawar Gargajiya
Wasu daga cikin raye-rayen gargajiya sune kamar haka:

### Jhumair
 
Jhumair shahararriyar rawa ce ta Jharkhand. Ana yin ta a lokacin girbi da bukukuwa. Kayayyakin kiɗa da ake amfani da su sune Mandar, Dhol, Nagara, Dhak, Bansi Shehnai . 

### Mardani Jhumair
Mardani Jhumar rawa ce ta gargajiya ta Nagpuri da maza ke yi. Maza suna sanye da ghungroo, suna riƙe da takobi kuma suna rawa a cikin da'ira.

### Janani Jhumair
 
Janani Jhumair rawa ce ta gargajiya ta Nagpuri da mata ke yi. Rawar tana da kyawun mata. 

### Domkach
 
Domkach rawa ce ta gargajiya da ake yi a Jharkhand a lokacin aure da bukukuwa.

### Fagua
Fagua rawa ce ta gargajiya da maza da mata ke yi a lokacin bikin Fagua . Kayan kida da ake amfani da su sune Mandar, Dhol da Bansi (sarewa).

### Paiki
 
Rawar Paiki rawa ce ta yaƙi ta Nagpuri . Maza ne ke yin ta. Maza suna sanye da ghungroo, suna riƙe da takobi da garkuwa. Kayan kida da ake amfani da su sune Nagara, Dhak, da Shehnai.

### Chhau dance
 
Rawar Chhau rawa ce ta Indiya mai kama da ta gargajiya wadda ke da al'adar ƙabila da ta gargajiya, ana samun nau'in rawa ta Chhau ta manbhum a cikin Nimdih Block na gundumar Saraikela kharsawan ta Jharkhand tun daga gundumar Manbhum mara rarrabuwa. Wasu shahararrun masu fasahar rawa ta Chhau sune Shri Sudhir Kumar, Shri Paresh Kumar daga ƙauyen jamdih, Shri Chandi Mahato daga ƙauyen Kushputul na rukunin Nimdih.

Sukesh Mukherjee, Mataimakin Malami da Littattafan Lissafi Marubuci na Gwamnatin Jharkhand ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a fagen rawa ta Chhau. Ya yi rawar chhau a Cibiyar Albarkatun Al'adu da Horarwa, Udaipur, Rajasthan wanda ke ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Al'adu, Gwamnatin Indiya.

### Rawar Firkal
 
Firkal rawa ce ta gargajiya ta ƙabilun Bhumij . Manyan kayan kida na Firkal sune takuba, kibiyoyi, baka da garkuwa. Ana iya samunsa a cikin *Potka* block a gundumar Gabashin Singhbhum na Jharkhand. 

### Rawar Mundari
Kabilar Munda tana da nata rawa wadda take yin ta a lokacin girbi da biki tare da waƙoƙin Instrument Madal, Nagara da Bansi . Munda tana kiran rawa da waƙarsu da Durang, yayin da Susun kuma, bi da bi, rawa ta Mundari ita ce Jadur da Jena. 

### Rawar Santali
Kabilar Santal tana da nata rawar ta musamman. Sun yi ta ne a lokacin girbi da biki tare da kayan kida kamar Madal da Nagara.

### Rawar Kurukh
Kabilar kurukh na yin raye-rayen gargajiya a lokuta daban-daban kamar girbi, biki, aure da sauransu. A cikin harshen kurukh ana kiran rawan “dandi”. Wasu raye-rayen gargajiya na kabilar Kurukh sune Jagra Matha, Jadur, Karam dandi, khaddi da dudhiya da sauransu.

Ranga kuma rawa ce ta gargajiya ta Jharkhand.

## Manazarta
Bedara Vesha

**Bedara Vesha** rawa ce ta gargajiya da ake yi kwanaki kafin bikin Holi na Hindu a garin Sirsi da ke Karnataka, Indiya . Ana kuma kiranta da 'Rawar Mafarauta'. Mutanen Sirsi suna bikin Holi da wannan rawa ta gargajiya ta musamman a kowace shekara.  Tana jan hankalin jama'a da yawa daga sassa daban-daban na jihar a duk tsawon kwanaki biyar. 

## Yaya ake yi?
Ana yin wasan kwaikwayo na Bedara Vesha tsawon watanni kafin a fara wasan. Mawakan suna sanye da gashin tsuntsu, gashin baki, jan auduga, 'ya'yan itatuwa, garkuwa da takuba. An ɗaure igiyoyi biyu a kugu na mai wasan, suna daidaita babban abin kai. Wasan kwaikwayon yana nuna labarin da aka hana Malleshi kashe mutanen da suka zo gidansa. Rawar tana tare da 'yan wasan ganga (Tamate) tare da tsari mai kyau. Mai wasan kwaikwayo ya fara daga titin yankinsa kuma ya ci gaba da yin wasa zuwa wurare daban-daban na garin Sirsi cikin dare. Sashen ƙarshe na rawa yana a Haikalin Shri Marikamba. Mai rawa yana yin wasan kwaikwayo a wurin da fushinsa ya tashi. Ya sake fara yin wasa a wasu wurare na garin Sirsi har zuwa wayewar gari.

Akwai masu yin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa. A kowane yanki, za a sami mutum ɗaya wanda zai wakilci kuma ya yi rawa a duk faɗin birnin. Akwai wasu wurare da aka keɓe inda rawar za ta kasance cikakke kuma kowane mai yin wasan zai ziyarci waɗannan wuraren da aka keɓe sau ɗaya. Haka kuma ana cewa ba a kamata a kalli ɗaya mai yin wasan kwaikwayo fuska da fuska ba.

## Wuraren da aka fi sani da su inda ake yin su
Ana yin Bedara Vesha a garin Sirsi na Karnataka. Ana kuma yin wata rawar gargajiya mai suna  Dollu Kunitha  a lokacin Bedara Vesha.

## Tsarin zamani
Kusan mawakan da ke yin wasan kwaikwayo na Bedara Vesha tare da masu busa ƙaho da kuma ƙungiyar masu buga ganga. A zamanin yau, ana yin wasanni daban-daban a kan tituna tare da The Hunter Dance. Taron Bedara Vesha dare ne mai daɗi ga matasan garin. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan (kamar 2019), masu shirya Rawar Hunter sun fara hayar DJs zuwa tituna, kuma duk garin Sirsi yana da kamannin kulob, don ƙara nishadantar da masu kallo.

## Manazarta
Heitsi-eibib

**Heitsi-eibib**, wanda aka fi sani da **Geitsi** ko **Haitse-aibeb,** jarumi ne mai ban mamaki a cikin tatsuniyoyin Mutanen Khoikhoi, wani lokacin ana nuna shi a matsayin mai yaudara, kuma tare da Gaunab da Tsui'goab, babban mutum ne a cikin al'adun Khoikhoi.  Baya ga canza fasalinsa, Heitsi-eibib an jefa shi a matsayin mai yaudara a cikin labarun Khoikhoi: shi mai yaudara ne, ana tayar da shi akai-akai, kuma ba sama da lalata ko wasu laifuffuka daga lokaci zuwa lokaci ba. Wadannan labaran na baya sun wuce abubuwan jarumi a cikin halinsa kuma suna wakiltar darussan al'adu masu zurfi a cikin tatsuniyoyin Khoikhoi.

## Wakilin
A cikin hotunansa, Geitsi-eibib wani lokacin yana bayyana a matsayin babba ko yaro. A cikin wani labari, yaron Geitsi-eibib ya zama babba kuma ya yi jima'i da mahaifiyarsa, sannan ba zato ba tsammani ya zama jariri a ƙarshen. Ko da a matsayin babba, sanannen mai canza fasalin ne, yayin da adonsa ke canzawa daga wannan labarin zuwa wani.

Ko da yake Geitsi-eibib mutum ne na almara, yana da kaburbura da yawa na ainihi a cikin nau'ikan cairns da ke Afirka ta Kudu da Namibia.

## Labaran da aka yi

### Kashe Ga-Gorib
Ga-Gorib wani dodon ne da ke da alaƙa da Gaunab, allahn duniya a cikin tatsuniyoyin Khoikhoi . Ga-Gorib sau da yawa yana kalubalantar mutane su jefa dutse a goshinsa yayin da yake zaune a gefen babban rami mai zurfi a ƙasa. Koyaya, idan wani ya ɗauki ƙalubalensa, kawai mutuwa ce ke jiran tunda dutsen zai sake dawowa ya kashe mutumin da ya jefa shi. Baya ga ayyukansa na almara a duniya, Heitsi-eibib yana da alaƙa da jikin sama, gami da rana da wata. Wadannan ƙungiyoyi suna nuna muhimmancinsa a cikin ilimin sararin samaniya na Nama Khoikhoi da kuma rawar da yake takawa a matsayin mutum na ruhaniya da ke da alaƙa da ƙasashen duniya da na sararin samaniya.

An ce Heitsi-eibib ya gano wadannan mutuwar kuma ya yanke shawarar kayar da Ga-Gorib ta hanyar kashe shi. Don haka, Heitsi-eibib ya tafi wurin Ga-Gorib, inda nan da nan ya kalubalanci Heitsi-oibib ya jefa dutse a goshinsa. Heitsi-eibib ya ki ya tashi zuwa ga tayar da hankali kuma ya janye hankalin Ga-Gorib don ya buge shi a bayan kunnensa. Ga-Gorib ya yi mamakin kuma ya rasa daidaitattun sa kuma ya fada cikin rami mai zurfi.

A wani nau'i, Ga-Gorib ya bi Heitsi-eibib lokacin da ya ki kalubalen, kuma sun yi yaƙi bayan dukansu biyu sun fada cikin rami. Kamar na farko, Ga-Gorib ya mutu, yayin da Heitsi-eibib ya rayu.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Huveane

**Huveane**, wanda aka fi sani da Huve ko Huwe, allah ne mai yaudara kuma allahn mahalicci a cikin tatsuniyoyin Pedi da Venda. A wasu sassan tatsuniyoyi, an kuma nuna Huveane a matsayin mutum na farko a duniya.

## Labari

### A matsayin allahn mahalicci
A cikin wani labari da ke da alaƙa da nuna shi a matsayin allahn mahalicci, an bayyana Huveane a matsayin ya halicci jariri daga yumɓu. Ya ɓoye jaririnsa daga kowa da kowa a ƙauyensa, gami da iyayensa. kuma ya ɓoye jaririn a cikin wani rami. Iyayensa sun gano, kodayake ba su da matsala da shi, kuma sun bar Huveane ya ci gaba da tayar da jaririn. Koyaya, mazauna ƙauyen ba su da ra'ayi iri ɗaya. Sun yi imanin cewa Huveane ya halicci jaririn da sihiri, wanda ya sa su ji tsoron cewa Huveano na iya amfani da ikonsa a kansu. Mazauna ƙauyen sun yi ƙoƙari su kashe shi amma ba su yi nasara ba tun lokacin da Huveane ke da ikon hangen nesa kuma ya iya guje wa duk yunkurin su.

A wani labari, wanda ya shafi gano jima'i, an ce Huveane ya tsere daga duniya saboda cacophony da ya taso daga binciken. Huveane ya tsere zuwa sararin samaniya, wanda ke nuna sama, ta hanyar ƙirƙirar matakai don tafiya. Ya kuma cire matakai yayin da yake hawa sama, yana tabbatar da cewa mutane ba za su iya bin shi ba.

### A matsayin allahn yaudara
Sunan Huveane a matsayin allahn yaudara na iya fitowa daga tatsuniyoyi da yawa inda ya yi wasa da iyalinsa da mutanen ƙauyensa. A cikin wani labari, ya sace abincin mahaifinsa kuma ya bar turaren shanu a maimakon haka a kan faranti marasa amfani. Lokacin da mahaifinsa ya tambayi abin da ya faru da abinci, sai ya yi kamar an canza abincin zuwa turaren shanu ta hanyar sihiri da ba a sani ba.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Kangilu

**Kangeelu** ko **Kangilu** rawa ce ta gargajiya daga yankin Udupi da Dakshina Kannada a jihar Karnataka ta Kudancin Indiya . Rawa ce ta ruhaniya da ake yi a ranar cikar wata a watan Mai na kalandar Tulu . Ana kyautata zaton tana nisantar cututtuka, mugayen ruhohi, da sauran kuzari mara kyau kuma tana taimakawa wajen samar da zaman lafiya, jituwa, da kuma ruhin al'umma. Ana yin rawan ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin kwanaki bakwai na *Kangilu Kunitha* don yin sulhu ga allahiya Khadgeshwari da Koragajja, wani ruhi da ake ɗauka a matsayin wani nau'in allahn Shiva .

## Asalin Ma'anar
A yaren Tulu, *Kang* yana nufin kwakwa da aka samo daga tsohuwar *Kangu* . Masu rawa suna tattara mafi girman tsiron bishiyar kwakwa kuma suna rufe kansu da riguna da aka yi da kwakwa ko ganyen dabino . 

## Bayani
Rawa ce ta ruhaniya da ake yi a ranar cikar wata a watan Mai na kalandar Tulu, daidai da Maris a kalandar Gregorian .  Al'ummar mundaala da ke zaune a Udupi da Dakshina Kannada ne ke yin rawan.  Ana gudanar da rawan ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na kwanaki bakwai *na Kangilu Kunitha*, don yin sadaka ga allahiya Khadgeshwari .  Maza ne ke yin ta a Dakshina Kannada yayin da mata ke yin ta a yankin Udupi.   Ana gudanar da rawan ne don korar miyagun mutane daga ƙauyen da kuma don jin daɗin jama'a da shanu, kariya daga cututtuka da kuma girbi mai yawa.  Kamar yadda imani ya nuna, Koragajja, wani nau'in allahn Shiva ana kiransa ta hanyar rawa ta ruhaniya don kawo ƙarshen cututtuka.  Ana ɗaukar Koragajja a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ruhohi mafi ƙarfi da tsarki waɗanda mutane ke yi wa addu'a kuma suna alƙawarin bayar da sadaka lokacin da suka fuskanci haɗari ko lokacin da ake buƙatar cika wasu buƙatu. 

## Aiki
Akwai mambobi 5 zuwa 12 a kowace ƙungiya kuma masu rawa suna yin ado iri ɗaya kuma suna tsayawa a cikin da'ira.   Masu rawa suna sanya riguna masu nauyi da launuka iri-iri da kuma fenti a fuska. 

Suna rawa saboda sautin da bugun kayan kida kamar Kaase ko Dholu ke fitarwa.  A tsakiyar da'irar, mawaka huɗu sanye da kararrawa suna rera wakokin gargajiya, sauran ƙungiyar rawa kuma suna rawa kamar yadda waƙoƙin suke.  Waƙar gargajiya da aka yi ana kiranta *Karungilo*, kuma a ƙarshen rawa, an yi wata waƙa mai suna *Aati Kalenje* .  A tsakiyar rawa, wani ɗan rawa ya bayyana sanye da abin rufe fuska da fenti baƙi a jiki yana kwaikwayon allahn ruhi *Koragajja* kuma yana rawa ta wata hanya ta musamman don jawo hankalin mutane.  Sauran mutanen da ke kewaye da rawa suna yin hayaniya suna yin sautin *Koo* . 

Masu rawa suna rawa da safe kuma suna ziyartar gidajen da aka keɓe na al'umma da daddare don karɓar sadaka, galibi hatsi da sauran abubuwan da aka bayar.  Da hatsin da aka tattara, suna taruwa su shirya liyafa ta jama'a. Wani lokaci, bayan an gama rawa, mutane suna dafa kwakwa da shinkafa a wajen gidajensu.  Ana ba da abincin bikin ga allahiya Khadgeshwari, wacce aka ɗauki mutum-mutumin katako a kan jerin gwano zuwa wajen ƙauyen.  Bayan haka, sai su cire kayansu su tsoma ganyen dabino a cikin tankin ƙauyen. Daga nan sai al'umma ta ci abincin.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin raye-rayen gargajiya na Indiya

## Manazarta
Mare-Gan

**Mare-Gan** wanda aka fi sani da **Mare Geet** ko **[[Ojapali|Mareguwa Ojapali]]**  wata al'ada ce ta gargajiya ta rera waka ta al'ummar Pati Rabha ta Assam, Indiya. Waƙar tana da alaƙa da bauta wa allahiyar maciji Manasa, wadda aka fi sani da Vishahari ko Mare Devi, kuma tana da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ayyukan sihiri da addini da al'adu na al'ummar Rabha . 

## Asalin Ma'anar
Kalmar Mare tana nufin sunan yankin allahiyar macijin Manasa (Mare Devi), yayin da Gan ke nufin "waƙa". Don haka, Mare-Gan a zahiri yana nufin "waƙar da aka keɓe ga Mare (Manasa)". 

## Yaɗuwar ƙasa
Ana yin bikin Mare-Gan ne a tsakanin al'ummar Pati Rabha da ke zaune a gundumomin Goalpara, Kamrup, da Darrang a ƙananan Assam . Al'adar ta zama wani ɓangare na al'adun gida da bukukuwan al'umma kamar Mare Puja ko Maroi Puja. 

## Al'adu
Aikin Mare-Gan ya ƙunshi babban ɓangare na Mare Puja, wani al'adar haihuwa da kariya da aka keɓe ga allahiyar maciji. Ana gudanar da bikin ne don neman kariya daga rashin lafiya, gazawar amfanin gona, da sauran munanan halaye.  A lokacin bikin, ana ƙera wani mutum-mutumin yumbu da aka sani da Maju kuma ana bauta masa a matsayin wakilcin allahiyar. 

## Aiki
An gabatar da Mare-Gan a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo na waƙa mai ba da labari wanda babban mawaƙi (oja) ke jagoranta, tare da masu ba da gudummawa. Kundin waƙoƙin ya haɗa da labaran tatsuniyoyi, labaran asalin allahiya, da waƙoƙin da ke isar da koyarwar ɗabi'a da zamantakewa. Ana amfani da kayan kida na gargajiya kamar dhol, khols, tals, da busa sarewa na bamboo akai-akai. Rijistar harshe na wasan kwaikwayon tana nuna gaurayar harshen Rabha da Assamese, wanda ke nuna hulɗar al'adu ta yankin. 

## Muhimmancin al'adu
Al'adar tana hidima ga ayyukan addini da al'adu. Tana kiyaye adabin baka, tatsuniyoyi, da kuma asalin al'ummar Pati Rabha tare da haɓaka haɗin kai tsakanin jama'a da kuma yaɗa ilimin 'yan asalin ƙasa tsakanin tsararraki.

## Kiyayewa
Sangeet Natak Akademi ta amince da Mare-Gan a matsayin muhimmin sashi na gadon al'adun Indiya marasa ganuwa.  An gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban don tattarawa da kuma kare al'adun. Ayyuka kamar Tsarin Kare Mare-Gan (2024) suna da nufin tallafawa ci gaba da aiwatarwa da yada shi. 

## Manazarta
Olusegun Daramola

**Olusegun Daramola** (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1989)   malamin ruhaniya ne  a Najeriya, marubuci, Babaláwo, masanin Ifá, kuma wanda ya kafa World Builder,  dandalin haskakawa na duniya. An san shi da koyarwarsa game da ruhaniya na Ifá da Òrìṣà kuma mai ba da shawara ne don farfado da tsarin ilimin asalin Afirka ta hanyar aikin ruhaniya na zamani, marubuci, da kuma shiga cikin jama'a.

## Tafiyar Ruhaniya
A cikin  shekara ta 2016, Daramola ya rungumi hanyarsa ta ruhaniya a matsayin malami da jagora a cikin al'adar Ifá . Yana koyar da ruhaniya ta gargajiya ta Yoruba, yana jaddada sanin Orí (kai mafi girma), girmamawa na kakanninmu, da kuma amfani da ilimin kimiyyar lissafi a rayuwar yau da kullun.

An fara shi cikin al'adun Òrìṣà daban-daban, gami da Abátálá, Ogoko, Èpande, Ogun, Obaluaye, Osun, Egúngún, da sauransu. Yana amfani da waɗannan koyarwar don jagorantar mutane a duk faɗin duniya, yana taimaka musu su gano ainihin allahntakarsu da kuma kewaya canjin mutum.

Daramola ta kuma ba da gudummawa ga tattaunawar jama'a game da haɗuwa da ruhaniya da fasaha na Afirka, musamman sanya Ṣìgìdì (wani ra'ayi na ruhaniya na Yoruba) a matsayin "Tushen Ilimin Artificial da Duniya ta Robotic.

## Dubi kuma

* Ifá
* Orisha
* Ori (Yoruba) 
* Babaláwo
* Addinin Yoruba

## Manazarta
Gadhika

**Gadhika** kuma ana rubuta shi da **Gaddika** wani nau'in fasaha ne na ƙabilar Adiya ko Adiyor wacce ke cikin ƙabilun da aka tsara na gundumar Wayanad, Kerala, Indiya. Gaddika wani nau'in fasaha ne na al'ada da ake yi don warkar da cututtuka da kuma kawar da baƙin ciki da mugun ido . Akwai nau'ikan Gadhika guda biyu, Nattu Gadhika, wasan kwaikwayo na jama'a da Pooja Gadhika, wanda kawai al'ada ce.

## Bayani
Atiyor ɗaya ce daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu da ke zaune a ƙauyuka kamar Achukunnu, Kuppathote, Payyampally da Thrissileri a gundumar Wayanad .  Sun yi imanin cewa rashin lafiya da wahala fushin Allah ne ke haifar da su.  Akwai al'adu da al'adu da yawa da ake yi a tsakanin Adiya waɗanda suka yi imani da sihiri.  Gaddika wata al'ada ce ta sihiri da Adiyrs ke yi don warkar da cututtuka da kuma kawar da baƙin ciki da idanu marasa kyau.  Ana kuma yin Gaddika don kawar da fatalwowi da ke shafar mazauna da iyalansu.  Ana gudanar da bukukuwa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin babban firist mai suna *Gaddikakaran* .  Ana kuma yi imanin cewa wannan al'ada ce da ke shelar isowar alheri. 

## Nau'o'i
Akwai bambance-bambancen Gadhika guda biyu, Nattu Gadhika da Pooja Gadhika. Pooja Gadhika al'ada ce kawai, ana yinta don warkar da cuta, kawar da zullumi da mugun ido, da haihuwa cikin aminci. 

Akwai kuma al'adar ƙungiyoyin gaddika da ke yawo a cikin ƙasar tare da kayan kida, waɗanda aka sani da *Nattu Gadhika* .  *Nattu Gadhika* tana yin wasa kowace shekara don amfanin ƙasar, tana ɗaukar tsawon kwana bakwai.  Mutane za su faɗa wa *gadhikakaran* wahalarsu, kuma zai albarkace su. 

## Al'ada
Ana yin Gaddika sau ɗaya a shekara, a lokacin watan Mithunam na Malayalam (Yuni/Yuli).  Al'adar Gaddika tana buƙatar shinkafa, kwakwa da gero .  An fara waɗannan bukukuwan ta hanyar sanya *muram* (kayan aikin girki na gargajiya da aka yi da ganyen dabino), sanya dogon sandar bamboo kusa da shi da kuma bayar da kuɗi.  Akwai kuma al'adar neman izini daga Ubangiji Shiva don yin Gadhika. 

A lokacin gaddika, Adiyor yana rera wakokin yabo ga kowanne alloli. Irin waɗannan waƙoƙin suna yabon alloli kamar Chuvani, Siddappan da Malakari.  Yayin rera waƙar, gaddikakaran suna rawa da ƙarfi sosai. Harshen da ake amfani da shi a duk lokacin al'adar cakuda harsunan Kannada da Tulu ne. 

## Ba na al'ada ba
A ƙarƙashin jagorancin PK Kalan, Mooppan na Adiyor (babban ɗan ƙabila) kuma ɗan siyasa, Gaddika, wanda aka yi shi ne kawai a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'ada, an gabatar da shi a dandamalin jama'a a ciki da wajen Kerala ba tare da rasa ƙimar fasaharsa ba. Tare da PK Kalan, PK Karian wani mai fasaha ne wanda ya yi amfani da wannan fasahar ƙabila a matsayin kayan aiki don gyara zamantakewa.

## A cikin al'adun jama'a
An sanya wa bikin baje kolin zane-zane na kabilanci wanda Ma'aikatar Ci gaban Kabilu ta Jadawali ta shirya, jihar Kerala suna 'Gadhika'.   Gwamnati tana shirya baje kolin zane-zane guda biyu kowace shekara a wurare daban-daban a Kerala. 

## Manazarta
Abonsam

**Abonsam** shine sunan mummunan ruhu daga yankin Gold Coast na Yammacin Afirka da Ghana. Lokacin da hatsarori, cututtuka, da dai sauransu suka shafi wani yanki kuma shamans na gida sun yanke shawarar cewa Abonsam ne ke da alhakin, ana fitar da ruhun cikin teku a cikin al'ada wanda ya fara da makonni huɗu na cikakkiyar shiru, sannan ya biyo bayan cire duk kayan gida daga gidajen da ke ciki. Ana buga ciki na gidaje da sanduna, kuma ana haifar da hayaniya mai ƙarfi ta hanyar ihu da wuta.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Malapulayattam

**Malapulayattam** da aka fi sani da **Chikk Attam** rawa ce ta kabilanci da kabilun Malapulayan na gundumar Idukki a Kerala ke yi, a matsayin wani bangare na bautar gumaka Mariamman, Kaliyamman da Meenakshi a cikin bukukuwan da suka shafi kabilanci.

Ana kuma yin wannan rawa ta al'ada a wuraren jama'a a wajen Idukki a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirye-shiryen jama'a da bukukuwan ƙabila.

## Bayani
Malappulyars al'umma ce ta ƙabila da ke zaune a Marayur, gundumar Idukki a Kerala .   Baƙi ne daga Tamil Nadu .  Gumakan bautarsu alloli ne kamar Mariamman, Kaliyamman da Meenakshi .  Malappulayattam wani nau'in rawa ne na ƙabila da ake yi a matsayin wani ɓangare na bauta wa alloli a cikin bukukuwan da suka shafi ƙabilanci. 

Akwai wani biki da ake yi a watan Chithirai na Tamil dangane da haikalin Mariyamman da ke yankin ƙabilar Malapulayan.  Ana yin Malapulayattam galibi a matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan.

Mutanen Malapulaya suna yin Malapulayattam ko Chik Attam a duk wani muhimmin abu a rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun, ciki har da aure, haihuwa har ma da mutuwa da kuma hailar farko ta 'ya mace.  Mutuwa ce kawai take da wani salo daban. Malapulayattam rawa ce ta gargajiya mai matuƙar wahala. 

Ana kuma yin wannan rawa ta ƙabilanci a wuraren jama'a a wajen Idukki a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirye-shiryen jama'a da bukukuwan ƙabila.   

## Rawa
A Malappulayattam, kowa, ciki har da tsofaffi da nakasassu, na yankin ƙabila, suna tafiya tare a gaban allahn ƙabilarsu. Maza da mata za su yi tafiya tare cikin kayan gargajiya. Rawar ba ta da goyon bayan waƙoƙin murya. Maza da mata suna rawa tare kuma masu rawa suna canzawa akai-akai. Masu kallo daga baya suna zama masu rawa kuma masu rawa suna zama masu kallo.

Masu rawa suna motsa jikinsu gaba da baya daga da'ira.  Haka kuma saurin rawan zai ƙaru gwargwadon saurin rawa.

## Kayan kida
Ana amfani da kayan kida na ƙabila kamar chik vadyam, kitimitti, kuzhal, kattavadyam, urumi da sauransu don yin waƙa.   Yayin rawa, ba sa rera kowace waƙa, maimakon haka suna rawa a cikin da'ira zuwa ga salon kayan kida. 

## An yi fice a wasannin kwaikwayo
A bikin rawa na ƙabilanci na matakin ƙasa na 2022 da aka gudanar a Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, wanda ya ƙunshi raye-rayen ƙabila daga jihohi 19 na Indiya, ƙungiyar rawa ta hukuma ta Kerala, Malappalaya Group daga Kummittamkuzhi, Marayur, ta lashe kyautar ƙungiyar mafi kyau. 

## Manazarta
Bagha Nacha

Ana yin **Bagha Nacha** ko Tiger Rawar a Binka, Sonepur na gundumar Subarnapur da Behrampur, da kuma a wasu sassan gundumar Ganjam a Odisha, Indiya. Ana yin ta ne a watan *chaitra* . Maza suna rawa suna zana kansu kamar damisa kuma suna yin *bagha nacha* .  

## Aiki
Masu rawa suna ɗaukar kimanin sa'o'i uku zuwa huɗu suna yin fenti da *bagha vesh* (tufar damisa) kuma yana ɗaukar aƙalla mutum biyu a kowane mai rawa don samun zanen da ya dace. Ba lallai ne masu rawa *na bagha nacha* su zama ƙwararru ba. Masu rawa masu sha'awar suna yin horo na makonni biyu zuwa huɗu a ƙarƙashin mai ba da shawara kafin ainihin wasan kwaikwayon. 

Wasan kwaikwayo *na Bagha Nacha* yana da matsayi na dindindin a *Thakurani Jatra* na jihar inda ake yin rawar a matsayin girmamawa ga allahiyar hikima. Ana yin rawar ne don faranta wa allahiyar *Maa Budhi Thakurani* rai da kuma samun albarkarta.  

Ana buƙatar *changus guda huɗu,* wanda kayan kida ne na gargajiya. Kayan kidan suna buƙatar ɗumamawa akai-akai, shi ya sa abin hawa cike da ciyawa ke bin masu wasan *bagha nacha* .  Ana sanya furannin *katha champa* a kan masu wasan don su kwantar da hankalinsu yayin wasan kwaikwayo mai zafi. Kowane mai wasan yana tare da masu bugun ganga huɗu zuwa shida *na dhampa*, tare da hutu lokaci-lokaci, don ci gaba da tafiya. 

Akwai irin wannan salon rawa na bagha nacha a jihohin West Bengal da Andhra Pradesh, amma salon wasan kwaikwayo na musamman ne a kowanne. Buga ganga da kayan kwalliya na dhampa ba su yi kama da kowace irin salon rawa ta gargajiya ba.

A watan Janairun 2025, ƙungiyar 'yan rawa maza sama da 40 sun halarci ƙungiyar rawa ta *Jayati Jai Mamah Bharatam* wadda Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta shirya a lokacin faretin Ranar Jamhuriya. Masu rawa, sanye da kayan damisa, sun yi wasa kamar waƙoƙin *mohuri* da *nishan* . 

## Fina-finai
A shekarar 1989, darakta Buddhadev Dasgupta ya dauki fim *din Bagha Nacha* daga Ganjam a cikin fim din Bengali mai *suna Bagh Bahadur* . Fim din ya lashe kyautar Mafi Kyawun Fina-finai na Kasa a wannan shekarar. 

A watan Janairun 2025, wani fim na Odia game da gwagwarmayar uba da 'ya don kiyaye al'ada da gadon *Bagha Nacha* ya bayyana a gidajen sinima. Sunan fim ɗin shine *Rangashoor* kuma Pratap Rout ne ya ba da umarni. 

## Manazarta
Chaiti ghoda

**Chaiti ghoda** **nacha** yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan rawa na gargajiya a Odisha, Indiya. Kabilun masunta 'yan asalin ƙasar ne ke yin rawa kamar Keot (Kaibarta) .   *Chaiti* yana wakiltar watan *chaitra* na shekarar kalandar Hindu, wato, daga Maris zuwa Afrilu zuwa cikakken wata a *Baisakh*, wato, daga Afrilu zuwa Mayu; *ghoda* yana nufin doki a Odia da yaren Hindi.

## Tarihi
Wani labari a cikin babban tatsuniyar *Ramayana* ya ce lokacin da ubangiji Rama ya ketare kogin *Saraju* tare da taimakon masuntan Keot na asali kuma a madadin haka, ubangiji Rama ya miƙa wa masunta doki. 

Rawar gargajiya tana da alaƙa da bauta wa allahiya *Baseli* . A ƙarni na 15, mawaƙin Odia Achutananda Das ya yi cikakken bayani game da bauta a cikin littafin, *Kaibarta Gita* . Wanda kuma aka sani da Baseli *puja*, allahiyar da ta fito daga al'adar Shakta a addinin Hindu al'ummar masunta ne ke bauta mata. Das ya ambaci a cikin littafin cewa *puja* ta samo asali ne daga ƙarni na 10.   

Rawar ta kuma taka rawa a cikin gwagwarmayar 'yanci ta Indiya. Masana sun ce masu fafutukar 'yanci sun yi amfani da wannan damar wajen jawo hankalin al'ummar masunta don su yi yaƙi da Birtaniya. Akwai wasu labaran da ke cewa al'ummar masunta na yankin Kujanga sun saba amfani da rawa don samun 'yancinsu daga gwamnatin Birtaniya.  

A halin yanzu, rawar gargajiya ba ta takaita ga al'ummar masunta kawai ba; wasu al'ummomi da yawa sun fara shiga cikinta. 

A shekarar 2020, an ba Utsav Charan Das daga garin Choudwar da ke Odisha kyautar Padma Shri saboda kokarin da ya yi na tsawon shekaru sittin wajen ci gaba da raya fasahar *chaiti ghoda nacha* . Kokarinsa ya taimaka wajen farfaɗo da kuma sabunta sha'awar bincike a fannin fasahar jama'a da kuma karɓe ta a matsayin hanyar wayar da kan jama'a game da batutuwan zamantakewa daban-daban. 

## Aiki
Bikin jama'a yana gudana sama da wata guda, daga Chaitra Purnima zuwa Baisakha Purnima . Bikin ya fara ne a ranar Chaitra Purnima inda masunta ke shafa bamboo da man kyandir, vermillion, da kuma fitilar man shanu, sannan a raba shi gida goma sha biyu inda aka gina firam ɗin dokin. An rina firam ɗin dokin mai launin ja kuma an ɗora kan doki na katako a kan firam ɗin, tare da wani katon furanni na hibiscus.

Ana bauta wa firam ɗin na tsawon kwana takwas, sannan a fitar da shi don yin *ghoda nacha.* Masu rawa suna rawa da waƙoƙin *mahuri* da *dhola* (ganguna). Akwai masu rawa biyu kawai: namiji ɗaya (wanda aka sani da Rauta) ɗayan kuma namiji ne sanye da kayan mata (wanda aka sani da Rautani). Suna rawa kamar yadda waƙoƙin gargajiya suka yi. Bayan kammala bikin, ana cire kan doki na katako daga firam ɗin doki a ajiye shi a cikin haikalin yankin don a fitar da shi a shekara mai zuwa.  

Bikin ya jawo jama'a da yawa daga ƙauyukan da ke kewaye.  

## Manazarta
Agora Energiewende

**Agora Energiewende** wata cibiyar tunani ce da ke goyon bayan sauyin zuwa makamashi mai tsafta a Jamus . An kafa ta a shekarar 2012 kuma  ne ke daukar nauyinta. da Gidauniyar Yanayi ta Turai.

Membobinta suna muhawara a ƙarƙashin Dokar Gidan Chatham kuma sun haɗa da Klaus Töpfer, Ottmar Edenhofer, da Claude Turmes.

Baya ga nazarin da ya shafi Jamus, Agora ta buga a shekarar 2016 wani bincike kan tattalin arzikin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta nukiliya ta Hinkley Point C a Burtaniya .  An ambato nazarinsa a matsayin wani ɓangare na muhawarar makamashi a wasu ƙasashe, ciki har da Denmark  da Birtaniya. 

A watan Disamba na 2021,  ya sauka daga mukamin Babban Darakta don, kamar wanda ya gabace shi, ya shiga Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki da Ayyukan Yanayi ta Tarayya a yanzu a ƙarƙashin Minista Robert Habeck ( The Greens ) a matsayin Sakataren Jiha na dindindin. A watan Yulin 2022, Frauke Thies  ta karɓi ragamar gudanarwa tare da Markus Steigenberger kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Darakta. 

## Manazarta
Asibitin Apollo KH

**Asibitin Apollo KH** asibiti ne na musamman da ke Melvisharam a birnin Vellore, Tamil Nadu. Wannan asibiti ya samo asali ne daga haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Asibitocin Apollo, Chennai da KH Group, Melvisharam, Vellore waɗanda suka fahimci buƙatar asibiti a wannan yankin.

## Game da
Asibitin Apollo KH ya fara aiki daga ranar 14 ga Satumba, 2003. Harabarsa ta bazu a fadin  kuma an kafa wannan asibiti ne da nufin ci gaban lafiyar al'umma. 

## Ayyuka
Apollo KH tana da waɗannan kayan aiki: 

* Kula da Gaggawa na Awa 24
* Ayyukan Ganewa na Awa 24
* Rukunin Kulawa Mai Muhimmanci
* Kula da Gaggawa & Rauni
* Rukunan Kulawa Mai Tsanani
* Duba Lafiya na Babban Likita
* Maganin Wayar Salula

## Manazarta
Forests for the World

**Forests for the World** wani wurin shakatawa ne na gari wanda ke cikin Prince George, British Columbia a yankin Fraser-Nechako. Yana da sama da kilomita 15 (9.3  na hanyoyi masu amfani da yawa waɗanda suka wuce duka Small Reflection Lake da Shane Lake. Gidajen sun haɗa da ramukan wuta, teburin biki, da hasumiyar kallo. Wannan yanki yana da wurin shakatawa da aka rufe, da kuma dakunan wanka. Yawancin hanyoyi suna haɗuwa da wasu wurare masu yawa a yankin, gami da UNBC Greenway, hanyoyin kankara na Otway, da hanyoyin blue spruce. Gidan shakatawa gabaɗaya yana da hekta 106, kuma ana ɗaukarsa hanya mai sauƙi / mai farawa. Dajin yana da cakuda bishiyoyi masu laushi da coniferous, akai-akai a cikin spruce, Douglas fir, da Pine.

Akwai taswira da alamomi da yawa, waɗanda aka watsar a cikin hanyoyin, kodayake hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa na iya zama masu yawa kuma yana da sauƙin rasa hanyarku. Dabbobin da suka saba zuwa yankin sun haɗa da beavers, beyar, moose, cougars, da agwagwa .  Tafkin Shane, wanda ke cikin wurin shakatawa, yana ɗauke da kifi don kamun kifi kuma yana da tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda biyu da za a jefa daga ciki. 

## Manazarta
Jekadefari

**Jekadefari** yanki ne a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Yankin yana da matukar muhimmanci a tarihi domin a nan ne Baturai suka zauna bayan sun ci nasara a kan sarkin Gombe a shekarar 1903.

## Asalin Kalmar
Sunan ya samo asali ne daga kalmomi guda biyu na Hausa: "jeka," ma'ana"bi," da "defari," ma'ana "fari." Don haka, Jekadefari ana fassara shi zuwa "bi fararen maza."

## Tarihi
Saboda shekarun yankin, dukkan gine-ginen an yi su ne da yumbu kuma ba su da ingantaccen tsarin gari. Da ace Alh. Ibrahim Hassan Dankwambo, tsohon gwamnan, bai gina hanyoyin shiga unguwan ba, da ba hanyar shiga. 

Bugu da ƙari, gwamnatin Alhaji Muhammad Inuwa Yahaya ya kula da waɗannan hanyoyin domin tabbatar da cewa akwai hanya masu kyau. Haka kuma shine garin da gidan iyalan Gwamna na yanzu yake.

Jekadefari ta shahara wajen samar da cibiyoyin gwamnati daban-daban, kamar Makarantar Jinya da Ungozoma ta Jihar Gombe,  Asibitin Ƙwararru na Jiha, da kuma Makarantar Sakandare ta Kimiyya ta Gwamnati. 

## Rukunan zaɓe
Jekadafari unguwa ce a karamar hukumar Gombe dake jihar Gombe a Najeriya.

Rukunan zaɓe a Jekadafari:

* Goni Ali, Kofar Goni Ali
* Sarkin Fata, Kofar Sarkin Fata
* Hassan Kwadon, Kofar H. Kwadon
* Ung. Doma, Kotun Yankin Doma
* Kani, Kofar Kani
* Umaru Adamu, Kofar U. Adamu
* Saidu Mangu, Kofar S. Mangu
* Buzu, Kofar Buzu
* Magaji Rumbudi, Kofar Magaji R.
* Yahaya Umaru, Kofar Y. Umaru
* Usman Asibity, Kofar U. Asibity
* Mele Mai Gishiri, KM Mai Gishiri
* Ibrahim Nayaya, K. Ibrahim Nayaya
* Malma Mamman, KM Mamman
* Malam Mamman, KM Mamman 2
* Modibo Tukur, KM Tukur
* Alh. Sarki, Kofar Alh. Sarki
* Checheniya, K. Bappayo Jamjam
* Nayaya, Karamin Jami'in Ilimi
* Namadi, Kofar Namadi
* Tsamiya, Kofar J. Tsamiya
* Gidaje na Buhari, Gidaje na Buhari
* Ofishin Shige da Fice, Ofishin Shige da Fice
* Wuraren Shige da Fice, Wuraren Shige da Fice
* Wanzam, K. Adamu Wanzam
* Benue ta Upper, K. Upper Benue
* Bappah Tirebo, K/bappah Tirebo
* Mai Saka, Kofar Mai Saka
* JI Orji, JI Orji Quarters.  

## Gine-gine masu mahimmanci

* Primary Health Care Jekadafari 
* Tsohuwar filin Kabari, Abacha Road, Jekadafari
* Asibitin Ƙwararru na Jihar Gombe
* Gombe Old Market (Tsohuwar Kasuwa)
* Makarantar Jinya da Ungozoma ta Jihar Gombe

## Manazarta
Başpehlivan Recep Kara Sports Hall

Turkish **Başpehlivan Recep Kara**  , ba da daɗewa ba **Recep Kara Sports Hall**, wanda a da **Durugöl Sports Hall** ("Durugöl Spor Salonu") wani filin wasa ne na cikin gida mai amfani da yawa a Ordu, arewacin Turkiyya.

## Bayani
Filin wasan na cikin gida yana gundumar Altınordu ta lardin Ordu a arewacin Turkiyya, kuma an buɗe shi a shekarar 2004.  Da farko ana kiransa "Durugöl Sports Hall", an sake masa suna a ranar 29 ga Disamba 2016 don girmama Recep Kara (an haife shi a 1982),  ɗan ƙasar da ya yi fice a fagen kokawa mai na Kırkpınar sau huɗu ( Turkish   don "babban ɗan kokawa").  

Tare da wurin zama na masu kallo 2,000, shi ne babban zauren wasanni a Ordu.  A watan Satumba na 2020, an gyara benen filin wasan.  An sake yin gyare-gyare a benen kotun a watan Oktoba na 2025. 

## Amfani
A watan Oktoban 2023, an buga wasannin ƙwallon kwando na "Kamu Spor Oyunları" ("Wasannin Wasannin Jama'a") a zauren wasanni.  An gudanar da gasar 'Yan Kadet na Turkiyya ta 2023 da Gasar Tennis na Teburin Mutum ɗaya a wurin.  Wurin ya kasance masaukin Gasar Judo ta Matasan Turkiyya a ranar 6 ga Janairun 2026.  Yana karbar bakuncin wasan ƙwallon hannu na maza na Turkiyya da Bulgaria a wasan cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 2028 a ranar 11 ga Janairun 2026.  

## Duba kuma

* Jerin filayen wasa na cikin gida a Turkiyya

## Manazarta
Dasakathia

**Dasakathia** fasahar gargajiya ce ta gargajiya ta Odia . Fasaha ce da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na gida ko na tafiye-tafiye ke yi a jihar Odisha. 

A da, yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman nau'ikan nishaɗi a al'adun Odia. A cikin wasan kwaikwayon, masu wasan suna amfani da kayan kida na katako guda biyu, Ramtali (wanda Gayak ya riƙe) da kuma wasu dasakathi (wanda paliya ya riƙe) don ƙirƙirar kiɗa. Yawanci ana yin wasan kwaikwayon ne ta hanyar ƙungiyoyi biyu. Mutum ɗaya da ke jagorantar ana kiransa *Gahana* / *Gayaka* sannan mai yin wasan kwaikwayo ɗaya ya biyo baya, ana kiransa *Palia* . Wasan kwaikwayon yawanci nau'in waƙar ballad ne.  Gayakratna Baidyanath Sharma yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu wasan kwaikwayo a kwanan nan.  Waƙar da ake amfani da ita a Dasakathia ta dogara ne akan waƙar gargajiya ta Odissi .

## Asalin Ma'anar
Dasa' na nufin mai ibada kuma 'Kathia' kayan aiki ne da ake amfani da shi a wasan kwaikwayon. A cikin wasan kwaikwayon Dasakathia, masu wasan kwaikwayon sun bayyana kansu a matsayin masu bauta wa Ubangiji Shiva kuma suna yin waƙoƙin ballad.

## Asali
Ana kyautata zaton Dasakathia ta samo asali ne daga ƙauyen Khandara daga gundumar Ganjam ta Odisha. 

## Aiki
 
Wasannin Dasakathia galibi suna ba da labaran tatsuniyoyi, musamman game da Ubangiji Shiva, har ma da wasu alloli. Bayan tatsuniyoyi, ana amfani da labaran da suka dogara da soyayya, soyayya, guduwa, yaudara da aure a matsayin batutuwa. Wani muhimmin bangare na wasan kwaikwayon shine barkwanci da sakonnin zamantakewa [1] [2] [3] Masu wasan suna buga Kathia, wani kayan kida na kade-kade da aka yi da kayan katako yayin waƙa da murya. Kwanan nan gwamnati ta yi amfani da mawakan Dasakathia don saƙonnin hidimar jama'a da yawa. 

## Yanayin da ake ciki a yanzu
Da zuwan wasu nau'ikan nishaɗi, Dasakathia ta rasa shahararta. Duk da haka, tare da ƙoƙarin gwamnati da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, ana ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da fasahar. 

## Manazarta
Ghantapatua

**Ghantapatua** s ( Odia : "ଘଣ୍ଟପାଟୁଆ") ƴan rawa maza ne na gargajiya daga jihar Odisha ta Indiya . Suna aiki a matsayin bayin haikali ko  a cikin haikalin Ubangiji.  Suna cikin kabilar Bhopa ko Raula.

## Asalin Ma'anar
Sunan  ya fito ne daga kalmomin Oriya  (ƙarararrawar tagulla) da aka yi amfani da ita a haikalin Jagannath da haikalin allahntaka na Odisha, da  (mai yin wasan kwaikwayo). 

## Ghata
 tulun ƙasa ne cike da ruwan tsarki da aka ajiye a kan wani katako da aka yi da laka, jan ƙarfe, a sama kuma akwai  mai launin fure da aka yi da sandunan ganyen kwakwa tare da rataye furanni wanda ke wakiltar allahn da suke bautawa.

## Ghana
 ita ce babbar kayan kida da ke tare da ita.

## Rawa
Rawar kyauta ce ga alloli Sarala, Hingula, Charchika, Bhagabati, Mangala da Chandi a matsayin bayi.

Rawar yawanci tana ƙunshe da maza biyu zuwa huɗu. Na ɗaya,  tana yin ado a matsayin Allahya kuma ita ce mai ɗaukar  da rawa. Sauran suna doke  kuma ana kiransu  .

 yana riƙe da  a kansa. Yana rawa ba tare da taɓa shi ba kuma yana ɗaure da  (sandunan katako) a kowace ƙafa.

Bayan rawa, suna rarraba ganyen bel mai tsarki da kuma jajayen vermilion ga jama'a ( *bhaktas* ). Mutane suna ba su kuɗi, shinkafa, kayan lambu, kwakwa,  da  waɗanda daga baya suke rabawa a tsakaninsu.   

## Aiki
Ana yin rawa a ƙauye bayan ƙauye a duk tsawon watan Chaitra (Maris zuwa Afrilu) a kalandar Hindu. Wasan kwaikwayo na ƙarshe zai zo ne a kan Maha Vishuva Sankranti ko Pana Sankranti, wanda yawanci yakan faɗi a ranakun 13 ko 14 ga Afrilu. Ana bikin sabuwar shekara ta Odia.

## Manazarta
Páirc Náisiúnta na Mara

**Páirc Náisiúnta na Mara, Ciarraí**, wanda kuma ake kira da **Park Seas National Park**, wani wurin shakatawa ne na ƙasa da ake ƙirƙira a bakin tekun County Kerry, Ireland. An sanar da wurin shakatawa a cikin Afrilu 2024. Da farko wurin shakatawa na ruwa, zai rufe    na ƙasa da teku, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama babban wurin shakatawa na ƙasa a Ireland. Ya haɗa da waɗannan yankuna:

* A yankin Dingle da kewaye:
** Tsibirin Blasket na musamman na kiyayewa
** Kwarin kogin Abha Mhór da Conor Pass
** Dutsen Brandon ajiyar yanayi, akan gangaren Más an Tiompáin
** Duwatsun inci
** Kerry Head shoals

* A gefen yankin Iveragh :
** Tsibiran Skellig, gami da Wurin Tarihi na Duniya na Skellig Michael
** Tsibirin Puffin
** Tekun Derrynane
** Hanyar Tetrapod a Tsibirin Valentia

## Manazarta
Pala (folk art)

**Pala** wani nau'in waƙar gargajiya ce ta Odisha, wadda aka samo daga adabin Sanskrit da Odia .   Ƙungiyar mutane biyar ko shida ce ke yin ta, wadda ta ƙunshi 'gayaka' (babban mawaƙi), 'bayaka' (ɗan ganga), da kuma 'palia' (ɗan waƙa). Gayaka yana da 'chamara' ( busa mai tashi ) a hannunsa na hagu, wanda yake bunƙasa, da kuma kuge biyu a hannunsa na dama. Yana ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru daga rubuce-rubucen Puranic, waɗanda aka yi musu alama da bayanai. Mawakan suna rawa a ƙananan matakai na rawa tare da gayaka. 

## Asali
Ana samun Pala a cikin *Mahabharata* na Sarala Das.

## Aiki
Fadar galibi tana yin wasan kwaikwayo ne a lokacin *Ekousia* (ranar 21 ga haihuwar yaro, lokacin da ake bikin sanya masa suna) ko kuma 'Satyanarayana puja'.  Akwai nau'ikan Pala guda biyu, dukkansu suna da alaƙa da bauta wa ubangiji Satyanarayana. Su ne 'Baithaki' (zaune) da 'Thia' (tsaye). 

Wani lokaci, musamman a lokacin bukukuwan ibada, ana shirya gasar ƙungiyoyi biyu ko fiye inda dukkan ƙungiyoyin ke ƙoƙarin tabbatar da lokutansu. Don haka, waƙar tana tsawaita tsawon dare da yawa. Kamar yadda Pala a Odisha ke magana a kan tsoffin adabi, ana buƙatar mawaƙin Pala ya zama mutum mai ƙwarewa a Sanskrit da adabin Odiya. Mawakan Pala suna sarrafa harshen Sanskrit da murya mai kaifi da haske.

## Duba kuma

* Dasakathia

## Manazarta
Gopalila

**Gopalila** ( Odia   ) wanda kuma ake kira **Krishnalila** wani nau'i ne na safar hannu na gargajiya - gidan wasan kwaikwayo na 'yar tsana na jihar Odisha .   Fasahar Gopalila ta fi mayar da hankali ne a yankunan bakin teku waɗanda suka haɗa da, Cuttack, Puri, Kendrapara, Ganjam da Dhenkanal . *Gopa* yana nufin "yarinyar makiyaya" wanda ke da alaƙa da rayuwar ubangiji Krishna da *Lila* yana nufin "wasa".  Masu wasan tsana Gopals ne na ƙungiyar makiyayan shanu.  A lokutan addini, musamman Janmastami da Govardhan Puja, masu wasan tsana suna yin wasan kwaikwayo don nishadantar da mazauna ƙauyen. An yi 'yan tsana da itace da takarda kuma an lulluɓe jikinsu da zane. Rabin ƙasan an rufe shi da dogon siket. A kudancin Odisha, 'yan tsana suna da ƙafafuwa waɗanda ke taɓa ƙasa; amma a arewacin Odisha, 'yan tsana ba su da ƙafafu. 

'Yan kwikwiyo yawanci suna tafiya biyu-biyu daga ƙauye zuwa ƙauye suna ɗauke da kwandon 'yan kwikwiyonsu tare da ƙaramin akwati mai kama da akwati, babba wanda zai iya ɓoye abin wasan kwaikwayo yayin da yake sarrafa 'yan kwikwiyon da ke sama da kansa. Ɗan ƙungiya na biyu yana zaune kusa, 'yan kwikwiyon suna buga ganga, ɗan wasan harmonium yana goyon bayan wasan kwaikwayon, mawaƙin yana waƙa da ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru daga rayuwar allahn krishna . Amma a zamanin yau wannan al'adar ta rasa shahararta kuma 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kaɗan ne ke aiki a yau.  

## Duba kuma

* Chadar Badar, ɗan tsana na mutanen Santhal na Indiya
* Kathputli (yar tsana), fasahar tsana na jihar Rajasthan ta Indiya
* Nokkuvidya pavakali, zanen tsana na jihar Kerala ta Indiya
* Rabana Chhaya, zane-zanen 'yar tsana ta inuwar jihar Odisha ta Indiya
* Sakhi kandhei, zane-zanen yar tsana na jihar Odisha ta Indiya
* Wasan inuwar, zane-zanen 'yar tsana na inuwar da suka samo asali a ƙarni na farko kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa a Indiya
* Tholpavakoothu, zane-zanen 'yar tsana na inuwar jihohin Kerala da Tami Nadu na Indiya
* Tholu bommalata, fasahar inuwa ta jihar Andhra Pradesh ta Indiya
* Togalu gombeyaata, fasahar inuwar yar tsana ta jihar Karnataka ta Indiya
* Wayang, fasahar 'yar tsana ta Indonesiya wacce aka yi wahayi zuwa gare ta da kayan wasan 'yar tsana na Indiya

## Manazarta
Giddha

Giddha ( Punjabi ) rawa ce mai farin jini ta mata a yankin Punjab . Sau da yawa ana ɗaukar rawar a matsayin wacce ta samo asali ne daga tsohuwar rawar da aka sani da rawar zobe kuma tana da kuzari kamar bhangra ; a lokaci guda kuma tana iya nuna kyawun mata, kyan gani da sassauci cikin ƙirƙira. Rawa ce mai launuka iri-iri wacce ta bazu zuwa dukkan yankunan Indiya. Mata suna yin wannan rawa galibi a lokutan bukukuwa ko tarurrukan zamantakewa. Rawar tana tare da tafawa mai ƙarfi, tare da waƙar gargajiya ta gargajiya da tsofaffi mata ke yi a baya.

Giddha ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan rawa ta gargajiya ta Punjabi domin ba ya buƙatar a yi ganga *mai* kai biyu na ganga. Madadin haka, mata suna tsaye a cikin da'ira suna yin waƙoƙi. Mace mai jagora za ta rera waƙar *boli* (waƙoƙi) tare da waƙar da duk da'irar za ta maimaita. An yi amfani da dukkan nau'in waƙar giddha a cikin wannan sigar kira da amsawa . Giddha ta yi cikakken bayani game da rayuwar mata, gami da jima'i. 

## Tarihi

An ce Giddha ta samo asali ne daga tsohuwar rawar zobe wadda ta fi rinjaye a Punjab.  Giddha tana nuna salon gargajiya na yin rawar mata ta Punjabi, kamar yadda aka gani ta hanyar sutura, rawa, da kuma rawa.  Tun bayan Raba Indiya a 1947 da kuma raba Punjab zuwa Yammacin Punjab (Pakistan) da Gabashin Punjab (Indiya), an haɗa rawa ta gargajiya ta Punjab a ɓangarorin biyu na kan iyaka, an shirya ta, kuma an tallata ta a matsayin alamun al'adun Punjabi.  Duk da cewa nau'in giddha bai yi tasiri sosai ba ta hanyar Raba, Gibb Schreffler ya rubuta cewa an rarraba ta a matsayin takwarar rawa ta mata da ta maza ta hanyar bhangra, duk da cewa ba haka lamarin yake ba gaba ɗaya. 

Yayin da aka fara amfani da salon rawa na Punjabi a shekarun 1960 zuwa gaba, gasar bhangra da giddha ta shahara a duk faɗin Punjab da kuma mutanen da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje na Punjabi . Siffofin rawa na Punjabi sun bazu ta cikin ƙungiyoyin rawa na matakin kwaleji a Punjab tun daga shekarun 1960 da kuma a cikin ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai na Kudancin Asiya a Amurka, Birtaniya, da Kanada tun daga shekarun 1990. 

## Dokar sutura

A al'ada, mata kan sanya salwar kameez da Ghagra a launuka masu haske da kayan ado. Ana kammala suturar ta hanyar sanya gashin a cikin kitso biyu da kayan ado na gargajiya sannan a sanya tikka a goshi. 

## Manazarta
Alghoza

**Alghoza** kuma ana kiransa **Beenon** ( Sindhi : 

## Asali

Ya samo asali ne a kusan shekara ta 7500 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS) a Mesopotamiya, sannan ya isa Iran sannan daga ƙarshe ya isa yankin Indiya da wasu gyare-gyare.  Wasu zane-zanen da suka daɗe a Mesopotamiya suna ɗauke da kayan kida mai kama da Alghoza. 

A Mesopotamiya, ana kiran wannan kayan kida "Al-Joza", wanda a zahiri yana nufin, "Dwin". Yayin da ya isa yankin Indiya, "J" a cikin "Al-Joza" ya zama "gh" kuma daga ƙarshe an san wannan kayan kida da aka gyara wanda ya isa yankin da aka sani da Alghoza.

## 'Yan wasan Alghoza

* Khamiso Khan 
* Akbar Khamiso Khan  
* Misri Khan Jamali 
* Allah Bachayo Khoso 
* Ustad Achar Samejo   
* Gurmeet Bawa

## Manazarta
Chari Dance

**Rawar Chari** rawa ce ta al'umma a jihar Rajasthan ta Indiya.  Rawar Chari rawa ce ta ƙungiyar mata. Tana da alaƙa da Ajmer da Kishangarh .  Rawar Chari ta shahara a cikin al'ummar Gurjar ta Kishangarh da Ajmer kuma an san ta a ko'ina cikin Rajasthan. Ana yin rawa ta Chari a bukukuwan aure, ranar haihuwar ɗa namiji da kuma bukukuwan alheri.

## Aiki
A lokacin rawa ta Chari, mata masu ado masu launuka daban-daban suna riƙe da tukwanen ƙasa ko na tagulla na Chari a kansu. Sau da yawa, ana sanya Chari a kan fitilar mai mai haske (Diya) ko kuma a zuba tsaban auduga a cikin mai. Masu rawa suna ɗauke da tukunya mai harshen wuta a kansu ba tare da taɓa ta ba, yayin da suke yin motsi mai kyau na gaɓoɓi da kuma juyawar gwiwoyi masu zurfi.  Don sa rawa ta yi kyau, ana ƙirƙirar layukan alamu masu haske yayin da masu rawa ke motsawa a hankali a ƙasa.

## Asali
Rajasthan hamada ce inda mata ke tafiya na tsawon mil da yawa don dibar ruwa ga iyalansu. Suna tattara ruwansu na yau da kullun a Chari. Rawar tana murnar wannan al'ada ta tara ruwa tsawon rayuwa.

## Riga da kayan ado
Masu rawa suna sanya kayan ado na zinariya na Rajasthani mai suna Hansli, Hansli, Timniya, Mogri, Punchi, Bangdi, Gajra, Armlets, Karli, Kanka da Navr. 

## Kayan kida
Ana yin rawar Chari da Nagada, Dholak, Dhol Harmonium, Thali (wani kayan kida na autophonic) da Bankia . Bankia ita ce ta fi yawa. Tana fitar da sauti mai ƙarfi da ban tsoro a cikin hannaye masu ƙarfi. 

## Manazarta
Chang dance

**Rawar Chang**, rawa ce ta gargajiya daga Rajasthan, Indiya . Ana kuma kiranta da *Dhamal*,   rawa *ta dhuff* , , da kuma *rawar Holi* kamar yadda ake yi a lokacin bikin Hindu mai suna iri ɗaya ( Holi ) don murnar kayar da mugunta.  Rawa ce ta rukuni da maza ke yi, suna rawa da waƙa cikin tashin hankali ga bugun kayan *kiɗan canji* . 

Ya samo asali ne daga yankin Shekhawati na Rajasthan.   Wannan lokacin rawa yana farawa ne daga bikin Maha Shivaratri kuma yana ƙarewa a kan *Dhulandi*, wanda shine kwana ɗaya bayan bikin Holi . Waƙoƙin gargajiya da ake amfani da su a cikin wannan rawar gargajiya ana kiransu *Dhamaal* .   Duk maza suna waƙa, rawa da rawa. A halin yanzu, wasu suna wakiltar wasannin kwaikwayo waɗanda ake kira *Sang* . &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Kayan kida

* Chang, ko, duff (irin tambarin ) - Wannan kayan kida yana  da salon rawa na gargajiya, wanda ya ƙunshi faifan katako, yawanci  zuwa  a cikin radius, an rufe shi a gefe ɗaya da fatar maza mai shimfiɗa ta fatar tumaki.  Ana yin feshi mai ƙamshi na turmeric da sauran feshi masu ƙamshi. Ana kuma yin wani nau'in fenti a kai.
* Simbal - kayan kida mai faɗi ko mai kama da ƙarfe (yawanci tagulla ko ƙarfe), ana buga ma'auratan a kan kwanan wata.
* Saura - an ƙirƙira shi ne daga bamboo na halitta. Ana cire bales a cikin bamboo, ana yin ramuka takwas a jiki. Raƙuman farko duka ana yin su ne da baki, sauran bakwai kuma suna fitar da sautuka daban-daban daga cikin ramin.
* Ghungroo - wani ɗan gajeren waƙar kiɗa da aka ɗaure a ƙafafun masu rawa na gargajiya na Indiya
* Ana amfani da ganguna da sauran kayan kida a yanzu haka.

### Lokacin rawa na canji
Rawar Chang ta fara ne daga Mahashivratri (bikin Indiya) da rana da dare duk wata, sannan ta ƙare a ƙarshen bikin Holi. Mutane bayan sun kammala noma da aikin gida suna taruwa a Chauk (wani fili a ƙauyen) suna jin daɗinsa.

### Yankin rawa mai canzawa
Taron rawa na Chang yana ko'ina a cikin Rajasthan. Amma wannan babban yanki na Shekhawati (sikar, churu, jhunjhunu da Bikaner) inda wannan rawa take da tsari mai kyau, mai tsari tare da tsarin tallafi. Wannan rawa yawanci tana cikin gundumomin kan iyaka. Ana samun jihohin Rajasthan.

## Manazarta