open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Brigitta Stockinger

**Brigitta Stockinger**, FMedSci, FRS, Masanin rigakafi kwayoyin ne a Cibiyar Francis Crick da ke London. Lab din Stockinger yana mai da hankali kan fahimtar yadda wasu kwayoyin rigakafi, da ake kira T cells, ke tasowa da aiki tare da bincika yadda abinci da sauran abubuwan muhalli zasu iya shafar yadda tsarin rigakafi ke aiki.

Stockinger yana mai da hankali kan wani nau'in kwayar rigakafi wanda ke taimakawa wajen sarrafa martani na rigakafi ga ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta da sauran ƙwayoyin cututtuka, wanda ake kira CD4 T cell.

Binciken Stockinger ya ba da haske game da wani nau'in CD4 T cell, wanda ake kira Th17 cell, yana kallon dalilin da ya sa wasu daga cikin waɗannan sel suka zama kumburi kuma suna haifar da lalacewa a cikin jiki. Labinta ya gano wani mai karɓa, mai karɓar aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), wanda ke haɗa abubuwan da ke motsa muhalli da tsarin rigakafi.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]

## Ilimi
Stockinger ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Mainz, inda aka ba ta PhD a fannin ilmin halitta . Daga nan sai ta yi karatun postdoctoral a London, Cambridge da kuma Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon daji a Heidelberg . 

## Ayyuka

* 1985 - 1991 - Cibiyar Nazarin Rigakafi ta Basel (Memba) 
* 1991 - 2015 - Sashen Kwayar Kwayar Kwayoyin Kwayar Kwalejin (yanzu wani bangare na Cibiyar Francis Crick), Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta MRC (Shugaba) 
* 2015-yanzu - Babban Mai Bincike a Cibiyar Francis Crick . Stockinger ya shiga ƙungiyar jagorancin kimiyya ta Cibiyar a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na Bincike a watan Yulin 2020. 

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
An zabi Stockinger a matsayin Fellow na Royal Society a shekarar 2013. Zaben da ta yi ya ce:

A shekara ta 2008, an zabe ta memba na European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO). Har ila yau, ita ma 'yar'uwar Kwalejin Kimiyya ce ta Kiwon Lafiya .

## Manazarta
María Quiteria Ramírez

**María Quiteria Ramírez**  ( Illapel,   –1929  ) wata matukin jirgin ruwa ce ta ƙasar Chile a lokacin Yaƙin Tekun Pasifik . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a kusan shekara ta 1848, tana da kimanin shekara 31 a lokacin da Yaƙin Pacific ya ɓarke a shekara ta 1879. [1] Shekaru kafin yaƙin, ta tashi daga Los Vilos zuwa Peru . Ta daɗe tana zaune a can a Iquique kuma abokiyar Irene Morales ce. [2] Ta shiga cikin rundunar farko ta rundunar layi ta 2. A ƙarƙashin umarnin Eleuterio Ramírez, ta shiga yaƙin Tarapacá, inda 'yan Peru suka kama ta aka kai ta Arica . [2] [3] Abokanta sun kira ta "María la Grande" (ko "María the Long") saboda tsayinta. [1] An tsare ta tare da wasu 'yan ƙasarta 50 kuma ta shahara a cikinsu saboda tausayinta. [2] Daga baya, bayan yaƙin Arica, ta sami 'yancinta kuma ta koma cikin rundunarta; Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a yakin Chorrillos, inda ta fara kula da sojojin da suka ji rauni, har ma ta ɗauki bindiga ta yi yaƙi tare da abokan aikinta. [2] [1]

Ta koma Santiago a shekarar 1881,  amma ta yi rashin lafiya sosai saboda cutar hanta mai tsanani.  Gawar María Quiteria tana cikin birnin Ovalle, inda take kwance a cikin kabarin  na jaruman 1879. 

## Jagorori
Wata unguwa a garinsu na Illapel tana ɗauke da sunanta. Littafin da masanin tarihi Joel Avilez Leiva ya wallafa, *wanda ya ƙunshi Participate of Choapa in the War of the Pacific (1879-1884)*, ya bayar da cikakkun bayanai, har zuwa yanzu ba a san su ba, game da wannan cantinera da kuma yanayin da ta yi tafiya zuwa arewacin Chile. 

## Manazarta
Helen Saibil

Helen Ruth Saibil FRS FMedSci (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, 1950) [1] masanin kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta ce ta Kanada-Birtaniya kuma Farfesa a fannin ilmin halitta a Sashen Crystallography na Birkbeck, Jami'ar London.[2][3] Binciken ta ya fi mayar da hankali kan Kwayoyin chaperons da furotin misfolding.

Saibil ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a Jami'ar McGill a 1971 sannan ta sami digirin digirgir a Kwalejin King's London, inda ta sami jarabawarta a 1977 mai taken Diffraction studies of retinal rod outer segment membranes. Saibil ya ci gaba da aiki a CEA Grenoble da Jami'ar Oxford .  Saibil ya kasance a Birkbeck tun 1989, kuma an zabe shi zuwa Royal Society a 2006  da Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya a 2009.   Binciken da take so yana kan aikin na'urorin macromolecular ta amfani da microscopy na lantarki mai girma uku a yankunan masu kula da kwayoyin da kuma taimakawa furotin ninkawa / buɗewa, ɓarna cikin amyloid, da furotin sake ninkawa a cikin membrane pore formation.

## Manazarta
Victoria Sandino

**Judith Simanca Herrera** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1975. Tierralta, Córdoba ), wacce aka fi sani da sunan Victoria Sandino Palmera, 'yar siyasa ce ta Colombia kuma tsohuwar 'yar tawaye. Ta kasance kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Juyin Juya Hali ta Colombia har zuwa rugujewarta a shekarar 2017. Tun daga lokacin, ta kasance memba na Common Alternative Revolutionary Force kuma kwamitin aiwatar da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya. [1] [2] [3] [4]

## Manazarta
Ingrid Scheffer

**Ingrid Eileen Scheffer** Likitan ƙwaƙwalwa ƙwaƙwalwan ƙwaƙwalwa ne na Australiya kuma babban jami'in bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin ƙwaƙwalwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwa ta Florey. Scheffer ya yi manyan ci gaba da yawa a fagen binciken farfajiya. An yaba wa Scheffer tare da gano kwayar halitta ta farko da ke da alaƙa da farfajiya. Ta kuma bayyana kuma ta rarraba cututtukan farfajiya irin su Epilepsy iyakance ga Mata masu nakasa.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Ingrid Eileen Scheffer a Melbourne, Victoria a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba 1958.  Scheffer ta kammala makarantar sakandare a Kwalejin Mata ta Methodist a shekara ta 1976, sannan ta halarci Jami'ar Monash, inda ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko na Medicine da kuma digiri na farko a Surgery (MBBS) a shekara ta 1983.  Scheffer ta ci gaba da kammala digirinta na PhD a fannin neurology a Jami'ar Melbourne a shekarar 1998. Scheffer ta gudanar da horo na ilimin jijiyoyin yara a Asibitin Yara na Royal kafin ta koma Burtaniya don horar da ilimin jijiyoyin yaro a asibitun Great Ormond Street, London, da kuma epileptology a Asibitin Austin.

## Ayyuka da bincike
bayyana ilimin farfajiya, Ingrid ta yi aiki don nuna sabbin cututtukan farfajiya، daga jariri zuwa balaga, waɗanda suka ba da izinin magani da ganewar asali, kamar Dravet Syndrome [1] da Epilepsy iyakance ga Mata masu jinkirin Mental. Ayyukanta kuma suna ba da ƙarin shawarwari game da haihuwar kwayar halitta.

A cikin 2014, Scheffer, tare da abokin aikinta na kusa Farfesa Sam Berkovic, AC, sun lashe kyautar Firayim Minista don Kimiyya saboda aikin su na fassara kwayar cutar farfajiya. Yana daya daga cikin kyaututtuka da yawa da ta samu a duk lokacin da ta yi aiki.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa

* American Epilepsy Society Research Recognition Award (2007) 
* Kyautar RACP Eric Susman (2009) 
* Kyautar GSK don Kyakkyawan Bincike (2013) 
* Jakadan ILAE na Kyautar Cutar Cutar (2013) 
* Medallion Neuroscience na Australiya (2013) 
* Kyautar Emil Becker don ilimin jijiyoyin yara (2013) 
* Kyautar L'Oréal-UNESCO ga Mata a Kimiyya (2012) 
* Kyautar Firayim Minista don Kimiyya (2014) 
* Dokar Ostiraliya (2014) 
* Zaɓaɓɓen Fellow na Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya da Kimiyya ta Australiya 
* An zabe shi Fellow na Royal Society (FRS) a shekarar 2018 

## Manazarta
Barbara Sherwood Lollar

**Barbara Sherwood Lollar**, CC FRSC FRS (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1963 ) masanin ilimin ƙasa ne kuma masanin kimiyya na Kanada wanda aka sani da bincikenta game da ruwa mai shekaru biliyan.  A halin yanzu farfesa ce a Sashen Kimiyya na Duniya a Jami'ar Toronto .  A shekara ta 2007, an sanya ta a matsayin Shugaban Bincike na Kanada a cikin Isotope Geochemistry na Duniya da Muhalli . An sabunta shi a cikin 2014.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Sherwood Lollar a Kingston, Ontario,  'yar John M Sherwood da Joan Sherwood, masana tarihi da ilimi a Jami'ar Sarauniya, Kingston,   ta shiga Jami'ar Toronto a 1992 bayan ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar ƙasa daga Jami'ar Harvard, Ph.D. a Kimiyya ta Duniya daga Jami'iyyar Waterloo a 1990,  da kuma ɗan'ar postdoctoral a Jami'iyyar Cambridge.

## Ayyuka
Ta wallafa takardu sama da 200 da aka sake dubawa a cikin ilimin kimiyyar ƙasa, Duniya da kimiyyar duniya kuma ta kula da dalibai sama da 100, 'yan majalisa da masu bincike a duniya.

Ta yi aiki tare da Tullis Onstott da Lisa Pratt akai-akai a kan manyan ayyukan bincike na kasa da kasa.

## Daraja
A shekara ta 2004, an sanya ta Fellow na Royal Society of Canada . A shekara ta 2010, an sanya ta Babban Fellow na Kwalejin Massey . A shekara ta 2012, an ba ta lambar yabo ta ENI . A shekara ta 2015, an sanya ta Fellow na Ƙungiyar Geophysical ta Amurka . A shekara ta 2016, an ba ta lambar yabo ta John C. Polanyi ta Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Injiniya.[1] A cikin 2016, an saka hannun jari a matsayin Abokiyar Order of Canada "don gudummawar juyin juya hali ga ilimin kimiyyar ƙasa, musamman a ci gaban sabbin hanyoyin gyaran ruwa, da kuma binciken da ta yi na tsoffin ruwa waɗanda ke da tasiri ga rayuwa a wasu taurari".[2] Har ila yau, a cikin 2016, Royal Society of Canada ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Bancroft . [3] Ta sami lambar yabo ta Logan a shekarar 2018.

A ranar 6 ga Mayu 2019, Lollar ta karbi lambar yabo ta zinare ta Gerhard Herzberg Canada don Kimiyya da Injiniya daga Majalisar Nazarin Kimiyya da Ingilishi ta Kanada.

Ta sami lambar yabo ta Nemmers ta 2024 a kimiyyar duniya saboda "bincike mai ban sha'awa a fannoni da yawa na kimiyyar muhalli, yana haskaka muhimman al'amuran rayuwar duniya da ke kiyaye ruwa da sake zagayowar carbon".

## Manazarta
Jerin Caroline

Caroline Mary Series CBE FRS (an haife ta a ranar 24 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1951 ) masanin lissafi ne na Ingila wanda aka sani da aikinta a cikin lissafin hyperbolic, Ƙungiyoyin Kleinian da tsarin ƙarfi.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi

An haifi jerin ne a ranar 24 ga Maris, 1951, a Oxford ga Annette da George Series .  Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Oxford don 'yan mata kuma daga 1969 ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Somerville, Oxford, inda Anne Cobbe ta yi mata tamBA don shiga. Ta sami B.A. a cikin Lissafi a 1972 kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta lissafi ta jami'a. An ba ta Kyautar Kennedy Scholarship kuma ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Harvard daga 1972, ta sami Ph.D. a 1976  wanda George Mackey ke kula da shi a kan Ergodicity na kungiyoyin samfur. 

## Ayyuka da bincike
A cikin 1976-77 ta kasance malama a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, kuma a cikin 1977-78 ta kasance mai bincike a Kwalejin Newnham, Cambridge . Daga 1978 ta kasance a Jami'ar Warwick, da farko a matsayin malami, sannan, daga 1987, a matsayin mai karatu, kuma daga 1992 a matsayin farfesa. Daga 1999 zuwa 2004 ta kasance Babban Binciken Bincike na Injiniya da Kimiyya na Jiki (EPSRC) a Jami'ar Warwick .

A cikin shekarun 1970s, Series ya sami zane-zane na Rufus Bowen's Theory of Dynamic Systems a cikin lissafin ci gaba da raguwa da lissafin hyperbolic mai girma biyu, tasirin Ƙungiyoyin Fuchsian. Bayan haka ta bincika irin wannan, gami da fractal, alamu na lissafi a cikin sararin samaniya guda uku, tare da Ƙungiyoyin Kleinian a matsayin Ƙungiyoyin daidaituwa. Hotunan kwamfuta sun haifar da aikin littafi tare da David Mumford da David Wright, wanda ya ɗauki sama da shekaru goma. Sauran marubuta tare da waɗanda ta buga a wannan yanki sun haɗa da Linda Keen da Joan Birman .

Series ta zama mace ta uku da ta zama shugabar kungiyar London Mathematical Society lokacin da ta rike mukamin a shekarar 2017-2019. 

Ita ce farfesa a fannin lissafi a Jami'ar Warwick . 

### Littattafan da aka zaɓa

* tare da David Mumford da David Wright: Lu'u-lu'u na Indra . Jami'ar Cambridge Press 2002.
* 
* 
* 
* Jerin, Wright Ba Euclidean Geometry da Indra's Pearls, Plus Magazine
*  

### Daraja da kyaututtuka
A shekara ta 1987 an ba ta lambar yabo ta Junior Whitehead ta London Mathematical Society . A shekara ta 1992 ta gudanar da Lecture na Rouse Ball a Cambridge, kuma a shekara ta 1986 ta kasance mai ba da jawabi a Taron Kasa da Kasa na Mathematicians a Berkeley (Symbolic Dynamics for Geodesic Flows). Daga 1990 zuwa 2001 ta kasance edita na Rubutun Dalibai na London Mathematical Society . A shekara ta 1986 ta kasance memba na kafa kungiyar mata ta Turai a lissafi (EWM).

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ita ce 'yar masanin kimiyyar lissafi George Series . 

## Manazarta
Sheila Sherlock

**Dame Sheila Patricia Violet Sherlock** (31 Maris 1918 - 30 Disamba 2001) likita ce ta Burtaniya kuma malamin kiwon lafiya wanda ake la'akari da shi a matsayin babban mai ba da gudummawa a karni na 20 ga fannin hepatology (bincike na hanta).

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Sheila Sherlock a Dublin a ranar 31 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1918, 'yar Violet Mary Catherine (née Beckett) da Samuel Philip Sherlock, jami'in soja a lokacin da ke aiki a matsayin mataimakin a cikin 1st Cavalry Reserve.

Iyalinta sun ƙaura daga Ireland zuwa London ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwarta kuma ta halarci makarantun masu zaman kansu a cikin birni har sai iyalinta suka ƙaura a 1929 zuwa ƙauyen Sandgate, Kent . [1] A Kent, ta yi karatu a Makarantar 'yan mata ta Folkestone County . A farkon karni na ashirin mata masu neman shiga makarantun likita sun kasance cikin babban matsala, kuma daga 1935 zuwa 1936 Sherlock ya yi ƙoƙari ya shiga makarantun likitancin Ingilishi da yawa amma an ƙi shi. A shekara ta 1936 an yarda da ita don samun damar karatun likitanci a Jami'ar Edinburgh . [1] Ikonta ya bayyana, kuma ta kammala a shekara ta 1941 ta kammala saman shekarunta. An ba ta kyautar Ettles Scholarship, kasancewar ita ce mace ta biyu da ta yi hakan.[1][2]

## Ayyuka
Ta kasance a Edinburgh don ɗaukar matsayin Mataimakin Malami a cikin Surgery wanda Farfesa Sir James Learmonth ya ba ta, kuma ta buga takarda ta farko tare da Learmonh a cikin 1942.  Daga baya ta ba da labarin cewa Learmonth ya koya mata yadda za a gudanar da kuma rubuta bincike. A cikin wannan shekarar an nada ta likitan gida ga Farfesa Sir John McMichael a Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital.

A wannan mukamin ta yi aiki a kan cutar Hepatitis, wanda ta iya ci gaba daga 1943 zuwa 1947 tare da kudade daga Majalisar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya kuma daga baya tare da kyautar Beit Memorial Fellowship . An ba ta lambar yabo ta MD tare da rubutun a kan The Liver in Disease: tare da ambaton musamman ga burin hanta biopsy, ta sami lambar yabo ta zinariya daga Jami'ar Edinburgh . 

Ta gudanar da bincike kan hauhawar jini, ciwon hanta da ascites a wannan lokacin. A shekara ta 1947 ta yi shekara guda a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Yale a matsayin Rockefeller Traveling Fellow, tana aiki a kan metabolism na carbohydrate da cutar hanta. Ta koma London kuma a 1948 an nada ta Malami a fannin kiwon lafiya da likitan likita a Asibitin Hammersmith. A shekara ta 1951, tana da shekaru 33, an zabe ta a matsayin Fellow na Royal College of Physicians, wanda ya sa ta, a lokacin, mace mafi ƙanƙanta da ta sami wannan cancanta.

## Manazarta
Margaret Schabas

**Margaret Schabas** FRSC (an haife ta a shekara ta 1954) masanin falsafa ce ta Kanada kuma farfesa a fannin falsafa a Jami'ar British Columbia da aka sani da aikinta a tarihin da falsafar kimiyya, musamman kimiyyar tattalin arziki. Schabas ya kuma wallafa labarai da yawa da surori na littattafai game da masu binciken Burtaniya, David Hume, Adam Smith, da John Stuart Mill.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Schabas a Toronto, Kanada . Kakanta, Barker Fairley, mahaifinta, Ezra Schabas, da ɗan'uwanta, William Schabas, duk masu karɓar Order of Canada ne. Kakar mahaifiyarta, Margaret Fairley, fitacciyar 'yar gwagwarmayar siyasa ce kuma marubuciya. Mahaifiyarta, Ann Schabas, Farfesa ce kuma Dean na Faculty of Information (tsohon Faculty na Library and Information Studies) a Jami'ar Toronto . Ɗan'uwanta Michael Schabas, sanannen mai tsara zirga-zirga ne a Burtaniya, kuma wani ɗan'uwa, Paul Schabas, Alkalin Kotun Koli na Ontario ne kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Mai Ba da Baitulmalin (Shugaba) na Law Society of Ontario . Wani ɗan'uwa, Richard Schabas, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Jami'in Kiwon Lafiya na Lardin Ontario . 

Schabas yana da BS a cikin Kiɗa (Oboe) da Falsafar Kimiyya, da kuma AM a cikin Tarihi da Falsafa na Kimiyya, duka daga Jami'ar Indiana-Bloomington. Ta kammala Ph.D. a Tarihi da Falsafar Kimiyya da Fasaha daga Jami'ar Toronto a 1983, da kuma MA a Tattalin Arziki daga Jami'an Michigan a 1985.

## Ayyukan ilimi
Schabas ya kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison (1987-91) da Jami'ar York a Toronto (1991-2001). Ta kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Jihar Michigan, Jami'ar Colorado a Boulder, Jami'an Harvard, Cibiyar Fasaha ta California, Sorbonne, da Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan . A shekara ta 2001, an nada ta farfesa a sashen falsafar Jami'ar British Columbia . [5] Ta sami kyaututtuka masu yawa, inda ta kai ta Jami'ar Stanford, Jami'ar Harvard, Jami'a Duke, MIT, Cambridge, Cibiyar Max Planck, da Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London.[1]

Schabas ya jagoranci Kwamitin Shirin Tarihin Kimiyya (1997)  kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar. Daga 2004-2009, ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Sashen Falsafa a UBC kuma a 2013-14, an zabe ta kuma ta yi aiki da Shugabar Tarihin Tattalin Arziki. Ta sami lambar yabo ta koyarwa daga Faculty of Arts, Jami'ar York, da kuma lambar yabo ta bincike ta Killam daga Jami'ar British Columbia  da kuma lambar girmamawa ta shekara-shekara ta Dean of Arts (2022) daga Jami'war British Columbia.  A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2022, an shigar da ita a matsayin Fellow na Royal Society of Canada . 

A halin yanzu tana cikin edita ko kwamitin ba da shawara na mujallu da yawa, gami da Hume Studies, HOPOS, Tattalin Arziki da Falsafa, Tarihin Tattalin Ruwa na Siyasa, Jaridar Tarihin Tunanin Tattalin Tattalin arziki, da Jaridar Turai ta Tarihin Tatancin Tattalin arzikin Tattalin. Ta ba da adiresoshin jawabai da yawa, gami da Ƙungiyar Hume ta Duniya, Tarihin Tattalin Arziki, da HOPOS .

## Manazarta
Ruth Sanger

**Ruth Ann Sanger** FRS  (6 Yuni 1918 - 4 Yuni 2001) ta kasance likitan rigakafin Australiya, haematologist da kuma serologist. An san ta da aikinta a kan antigen na red cell na mutum da kuma taswirar kwayar halitta na X chromosome na mutum. Ta kasance Darakta na Kwamitin Binciken Kiwon Lafiya na Blood Group, na Cibiyar Lister ta Magunguna daga 1973 zuwa 1983.

Ta yi aiki tare da Robert Russell Race daga shekarun 1940, kuma sun yi aure a shekarar 1956. Sun hada hannu da rubuce-rubuce da yawa bayan 1948, kuma sun hada hannu da rubuta bugu shida na wani babban aiki a kan Ƙungiyoyin jini, Blood Groups in Man, wanda ya taimaka wajen sanya ƙarin jini mafi aminci.[1] An san littafin da "Race and Sanger", wanda aka buga tsakanin 1950 da 1975.[2]

## Ilimi da rayuwar farko
An haifi Sanger a Southport, Queensland, Australia kuma tana da 'yan uwa hudu. Mahaifinta, Rev. Hubert Sanger, ya zama shugaban Makarantar Armidale a New South Wales. Ta kasance dan uwan farko tare da Frederick Sanger, masanin kimiyyar halittu kuma wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel sau biyu.

Ta sami ilimin farko a New South Wales a makarantu uku: Kwalejin Mata ta Harleyville (1924-1926), makarantar 'yan mata ta New England, Armidale (1926-1927), da Abbotsleigh Wahrounga (1928-35). 

Ta ci gaba da samun digiri na farko na Kimiyya daga Jami'ar Sydney (1940),  kuma ta sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'an London (1948). 

## Ayyuka
Daga 1940 zuwa 1946 ta yi aiki a matsayin likitan haematologist na Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service a Sydney, Australia .  A shekara ta 1946, ta koma Ingila don yin aiki tare da R.R. Race a Hukumar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya (MRC), Blood Group Unit . Yayinda take can, ta sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar London a 1948 a kan tsarin rukuni na jini iri-iri. Ta koma Ostiraliya bayan ta sami digirin digirin digirinta, amma sai ta koma Ingila har abada a 1950 kuma ta kasance a MRC har zuwa 1973.

An buga bugu na farko na Blood Groups in Man a watan Agustan 1950, bisa ga nazarin tsarin kungiyoyin jini a cikin takardar karatun PhD.

A shekara ta 1973, ta gaji R.R. Race a matsayin Darakta na Ƙungiyar Jinin Majalisar Bincike ta Kiwon Lafiya a Cibiyar Lister ta Magunguna a London. Ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 1983.

## Daraja da kyaututtuka

* Karl Landsteiner Memorial Award, Amurka (1957), haɗin gwiwa tare da R. R. Race 
* Kyautar Philip Levine, Amurka (1970), tare da R. R. Race 
* Fellow na Royal Society (FRS)  (1972)   
* Gairdner Foundation International Award (1972, Kanada), hadin gwiwa tare da R. R. Race 
* Oliver Memorial Award daga Red Cross na Burtaniya (1973) 
* Ya sami lambar yabo ta Doctor of Medicine (MD (Honoris Causa)) daga Jami'ar Helsinki (1990) 

## Manazarta
Alison Mary Smith

**Alison Mary Smith** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1954)  masanin kimiyyar halittu ne na Burtaniya. Ita ce Shugabar Shirin Dabarun a Cibiyar John Innes a Norwich kuma Farfesa mai daraja a Jami'ar East Anglia (UEA) a Burtaniya.

## Ilimi
Smith ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Cambridge inda aka ba ta PhD a 1978 don bincike game da tasirin Anaerobiosis akan metabolism na shuka.

## Bincike
Smith yana nazarin metabolism a cikin tsire-tsire na starch da sucrose - samfuran carbohydrate na photosynthesis wanda ke samar da tsire-shuke. Binciken da ta yi ya gano Hanyoyin metabolism da ke da alhakin kira da lalacewar ƙwayoyin starch a cikin tsire-tsire. Ta nuna cewa waɗannan matakai a cikin ganye suna ƙarƙashin iko mai rikitarwa ta agogo na circadian a cikin zagaye na rana da dare, tabbatar da kasancewar carbohydrate don man fetur metabolism a cikin dare. Yanzu ta mayar da hankali kan hanyoyin da ke haifar da wannan iko, da kuma hanyar da aka haɗa wadatar carbohydrate tare da wasu hanyoyin bayanai don ƙayyade ƙimar da alamu na girma da ci gaba a cikin shuke-shuke. Smith tana amfani da bayanai daga karatun ta na asali don bincika jujjuyawar starch a cikin shuke-shuke.

Binciken da ake yi a yanzu game da kira na starch a cikin hatsi yana da damar kara yawan amfanin gona, da kuma canza muhimman kayan aiki da abinci mai gina jiki na gari.[1] Har ila yau, dakin gwaje-gwaje na ta yana binciken kwayar halitta, kwayoyin halitta da kwayar halitta na lalacewar starch a cikin ganye da gabobin ajiya, da kuma yadda wannan ke daidaitawa tare da ci gaban shuka, tsiro da tsiro.[2]

Tare da George Coupland, Liam Dolan, Nicholas Harberd, Jonathan D. G. Jones, Cathie Martin, Robert Sablowski da Abigail Amey, Alison marubuciya ce ta littafin Plant Biology . 

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
An nada Smith a matsayin Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) don hidimomi don shuka ilmin sunadarai a cikin girmamawar ranar haihuwar shekara ta 2006.  An zabe ta a matsayin abokiyar Royal Society (FRS) a shekarar 2016. 

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Alison Smith 'yar majagaba ce ta kiyayewa Ted Smith (1920-2015)   kuma 'yar'uwar Masanin ilimin arachnologist Dr Helen Smith. 

## Manazarta
Liz Sockett

**Renee Elizabeth Sockett** CBE FRS (an haife ta a shekara ta 1962) farfesa ce kuma masanin ilimin halittu a Makarantar Kimiyya ta Rayuwa a Jami'ar Nottingham .   Ita ce babbar masaniyar duniya a kan *Bdellovibrio* bacteriovorus, nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta masu cin nama.  

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Sockett a Newcastle a kan Tyne a cikin 1962 kuma ta kammala digiri na farko na Kimiyya a cikin ilmin sunadarai a Jami'ar Leeds a cikin 1983. [1] Ta koma Kwalejin Jami'ar London (UCL) don karatun digiri na biyu, kuma an ba ta PhD a 1986 don bincike kan ilmin sunadarai na motility da taksi a cikin kwayoyin cuta.[2]

## Ayyuka da bincike
Bayan kammala karatunta na PhD, Sockett ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a Jami'ar Illinois a Urbana-Champaign (1986-1988) sannan kuma Jami'ar Oxford (1988-1990) [ana buƙatar bayani]. A shekara ta 1991, an nada ta a matsayin Malami a Jami'ar Nottingham kuma daga baya aka inganta ta zuwa babban malami a shekara ta 2001, Reader a shekara ta 2004 da Farfesa a shekara ta 2005. 

## Daraja da kyaututtuka
An nada Sockett a matsayin Kwamandan Order of the British Empire (CBE) a cikin girmamawar ranar haihuwar 2022 don hidimomi ga microbiology.

An yi hira da Sockett a kan The Life Scientific ta Jim Al-Khalili a cikin 2017. Sauran kyaututtuka da girmamawa sun hada da:

* 2019 An zabe shi Fellow na Royal Society 
* 2017 An zabe shi Fellow na Kwalejin Microbiology ta Amurka 
* 2007 Kyautar Daiwa-Adrian don Kimiyya ta Anglo-Japanese 
* 2006 Society for General Microbiology Peter Wildy Prize 
* 2000 Jami'ar Nottingham Lord Dearing Award 
* 2000 Royal Society / BAAS Millennium Award [ana buƙatar ambaton]

## Manazarta
Maria Grazia Spillantini

**Maria Grazia Spillantini** Farfesa ce a fannin Molecular Neurology a Sashen Clinical Neurosciences a Jami'ar Cambridge .  An fi saninta da gano furotin alpha-synuclein a matsayin babban bangare na Jikin Lewy, halayyar furotin da aka samu a cikin kwakwalwa a cikin Cutar Parkinson da Dementia tare da jikin Lewy. Ta kuma gano maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halitta ta MAPT a matsayin abin da ya dace da cutar dementia ta gaba.

## Ilimi
Spillantini ya kammala laurea a kimiyyar halittu a Jami'ar Florence, ya kammala summa cum laude . Ta kasance a Jami'ar Florence, ta koma Sashen ilimin likitanci don gudanar da bincike. Bayan ayyukan bincike a INSERM Unité de Neurobiologie a Paris da kuma Molecular Neurobiology Unit na Majalisar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya a Cambridge UK, ta fara PhD a Laboratory na Molecular Biology. Spillantini yana da alaƙa da Peterhouse a wannan lokacin. An ba ta digiri na biyu a fannin ilmin halitta a shekarar 1993. Spillantini Fellow ne na Clare Hall, Cambridge tun 1994.

## Ayyuka da bincike
An yi hira da Spillantini don ƙungiyar matasa masu bincike a cikin 1991 ta mai cin kyautar Nobel Rita Levi-Montalcini . A kan mutuwar Levi-Montalcini a cikin 2013, Spillantini ya gaya wa mujallar The Scientist, "Na ji matukar damuwa saboda ita sananniyar masanin kimiyya ce. Kuma hakika a gare ni daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa saboda ta kasance a duniya. "

Ya zuwa 2019, Spillantini tana zaune ne a Jami'ar Cambridge, inda take Farfesa a fannin Molecular Neurology a Sashen Clinical Neurosciences. Binciken ta yayi nazarin hanyoyin da ke haifar da Neurodegeneration a cikin cututtuka kamar Cutar Alzheimer, Cutar Parkinson da dementia na gaba. Musamman aikinta yana nazarin rawar da furotin mai alaƙa da microtubule tau da haɗin alpha-synuclein ke takawa a cikin tsarin neurodegenerative.

A cikin aikinta, Spillantini ta gudanar da bincike iri-iri. A zahiri, Spillantini yana da sama da wallafe-wallafe 240 a fagen kimiyyar kwakwalwa. A cikin 2014, Spillantini da abokin aikinta Aviva Tolkovsky sun sami tallafin NC3Rs Project. Bayan wannan, sun sami ci gaba a hanyar da masana kimiyya ke iya kwaikwayon cutar Alzheimer a cikin beraye, rage yawan beraye da ake bukata. Spillantini da tawagarta sun kuma gudanar da karatu a kan emrusolmin (anle138b), magani na gwaji wanda ke shafar tarin alpha-synuclein. Sun kula da beraye tare da tarawa na alpha-synuclein- kama da abin da aka gani a cikin cutar Parkinson- tare da emrusolmin, kuma sun lura da raguwa a cikin wannan tarawa. A cikin 2022, Spillantini da Tolkovsky sun sami ƙarin kuɗi daga Binciken Alzheimer na Burtaniya don bincikensu game da rashin hankali. Wannan kudade yana zuwa ga nazarin Spillantini akan MMP3, enzyme wanda aikinsa yana iya haɗawa da rashin hankali da sauran cututtukan da suka danganci.

Binciken da ta yi ya haifar da kyakkyawar fahimta game da cututtukan neurodegenerative iri-iri, kuma ya haifar da sabbin hanyoyin da ke tattare da waɗannan cututtukani.

## Manazarta
Patricia Simpson

**Patricia "Pat" Simpson** FRS fitacciyar masanin kimiyyar halittu ce ta Burtaniya. Simpson ya kasance farfesa a fannin ilimin halittu a Jami'ar Cambridge daga 2003 zuwa 2010, kuma ya kasance Daraktan Bincike na Jami'ar a shekarar ilimi ta 2010/2011.  A halin yanzu Farfesa ce ta Emeritus na Sashen Zoology na Jami'ar Cambridge,  bayan da a baya ta kasance Farfesa a fannin Comparative Embryology,  kuma Fellow na Kwalejin Newnham.  An zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society a shekara ta 2000.

Patricia Simpson ta kammala karatu tare da PhD a 1976 [1] daga Jami'ar Paris VI, Jami'ar Pierre da Marie Curie. [2] Binciken da take so ya haɗa da ilmin halitta, juyin halitta, da ilimin muhalli, kuma an rarrabe ta ne saboda aikinta kan ci gaban kwari da juyin halitta. Musamman, bincikenta yana bincika tsarin tsari na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙwayoyin 'ya'yan itace.[3] Babban binciken da ta yi shi ne cewa tsari da girma na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ana sarrafa su ta hanyar wannan hanyar. Ta hanyar nazarin kwayoyin halitta ta nuna cewa sel suna tasowa cikin wasu tsari ta hanyar hulɗar gida tare da maƙwabtansu.

Ta ba da gudummawa sosai ga fahimtar tsarin hanawa ta gefe, inda farkon kwayoyin halitta suka yi hulɗa tsakanin kansu kuma daga baya suka karɓi makomar daban-daban. Wannan tsari ya haɗa da Mai karɓar salula mai kiyayewa kuma yana da mahimmanci a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa; aikin na iya danganta da nazarin ci gaban ɗan adam da cututtuka.

## Kyaututtuka

* 1993: lambar azurfa ta Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa, Faransa
* 1993: An zabe ta a matsayin memba na EMBO
* 2000: Fellow na Royal SocietyAbokin Royal Society
* 2008: Medal na Waddington na British Society of Developmental Biology
* 2012: Fellow na Ƙungiyar Amurka don Ci gaban Kimiyya
* 2016: Kyautar girmamawa daga Kwalejin Newnham, Cambridge

## Manazarta
Adanech Kidanemariam

**Adanech Kidanemariam** (1943-2016) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta Habasha, mai koyar a fannin lafiyar jama'a kuma ministar gwamnati. An naɗa ta ministar lafiya a ƙasar Habasha a shekarar 1991. 

## Rayuwa
A ƙarshen shekarun 1960 Adanech Kidanemariam ta kasance ɗaliba 'yar gwagwarmayar, wacce ta yi suna a fagen siyasa da jajircewa. 

Ta kammala karatunta a makarantar likitanci da aka fi sani da Kwalejin Lafiyar Jama'a ta Gondar, kuma ta fara aikinta a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya da ungozoma. Ta kuma koyar da lafiyar jama'a kuma ita ce shugabar sashen lafiyar jama'a a sashen likitanci na Jami'ar Addis Ababa. A shekarar 1984 tana aiki a Sashen Lafiyar Al'umma na Habasha (DCH), lokacin da ta ƙaddamar da *Mujallar Ci Gaban Lafiya ta Habasha*. 

An naɗa ta ministar lafiya a shekarar 1991, ta riƙe wannan muƙamin na tsawon shekaru uku.

## Rubutu

* (tare da Azeb Tamirat) 'Tasirin jinsi akan lafiyar mata'. A cikin Tsehai Berhane-Selassie, ed., *Batutuwan jinsi a Habasha*. Addis Ababa: Cibiyar Nazarin Habasha, Jami'ar Addis Ababa, 1991.

## Manazarta
Molly Stevens

**Dame Molly Morag Stevens** ita ce Farfesa John Black na Bionanoscience a Jami'ar Oxford ta Sashen Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics . Ita ce Mataimakin Darakta na Cibiyar Kavli don Binciken Nanoscience kuma memba ne na Sashen Kimiyya na Injiniya da Cibiyar Injiniya ta Biomedical .

Ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Bath, inda ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko na BPharm . Daga baya ta sami digiri na PhD daga Jami'ar Nottingham don bincike ta amfani da microscopy na atomatik don bincika mannewa da injiniya.

## Ayyuka da bincike
Bayan bincikenta na digiri, ta koma Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral kafin ta shiga Kwalejin Imperial ta London a 2004 sannan kuma Jami'ar Oxford a 2023 .

A shekara ta 2004 Stevens ta kafa The Stevens Group, ƙungiyar bincike ta fannoni da yawa na injiniyoyin halittu, masana kimiyya na kayan aiki, masana sunadarai, masana kimiyyar halittu, masanan kimiyyar lissafi da likitoci.

### Daraja da kyaututtuka
2010: A shekara ta 2010 ta sami lambar yabo ta International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) don kerawa a kimiyyar polymer, [1] Cibiyar Kayayyaki, Ma'adanai da Ma'adinai Rosenhain Medal [2] da kuma lambar yabo ta Norman Heatley don bincike tsakanin fannoni daga Royal Society of Chemistry.[3] Tana aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Edita na ACS Nano . [4]

**2013:** A cikin 2013 ta gabatar da Woolmer Lecture na Cibiyar Physics da Injiniya a Medicine . A shekara ta 2013 an ba ta lambar yabo ta Karen Burt Memorial Award daga Kungiyar Injiniyan Mata, wanda aka ba wa sabuwar mace a aikin injiniya, kimiyya mai amfani ko IT.

**2018:** An nada ta a matsayin mai kula da National Gallery of the United Kingdom a shekarar 2018.  Ta lashe lambar yabo da lambar yabo ta Rosalind Franklin ta Cibiyar Kimiyya ta 2018 (IOP). A cikin 2019 an zabi Stevens a matsayin memba na kasashen waje na Kwalejin Injiniya ta Amurka  kuma ta sami Kyautar Kabiller Young Investigator .  An zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society (FRS) a shekarar 2020.

**2019:** Jami'ar Bath ta ba Stevens lambar yabo ta Doctorate of Science (DSc). 

**2021:** A cikin 2021 Stevens ta kasance mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Tarayyar Tarayyar Turai ta Biochemical Societies (FEBS) EMBO Women in Science . 

**2023:** A cikin 2023 an ba Stevens lambar yabo ta Novo Nordisk saboda aikinta na farko a cikin sababbin hanyoyin injiniyan halittu.

**2024:** A cikin 2024 an nada Stevens a matsayin Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) a cikin Girmamawar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2024 don hidimomi ga magani.

## Manazarta
Sérgia Ribeiro da Silva

**Sérgia Ribeiro da Silva**, wanda aka fi sani da **Dadá**  (Afrilu 25, 1915, Belém de São Francisco - Salvador, Fabrairu 1994) fitacciyar cangaçeira ce - wata 'yar fashi da ta dauki makamai a gefen Lampião . Akwai fina-finai guda biyu da aka yi game da Ribeiro, *Corisco & Dadá* da *A Mulher no Cangaço* (1976).

Dadá ya ci gaba da zama a Salvador, yana fafutukar ganin an cika dokar da ta tabbatar da girmama matattu - kuma an kawo ƙarshen baje kolin kayan tarihi na Gidan Tarihi na Anthropological, Estácio de Lima, wanda ke ginin Cibiyar Lafiya ta Shari'a Nina Rodrigues. Sai a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1969, a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Luiz Viana Filho, aka fara sanya gawarwakin cangaceiros a cikin jini - gidan tarihi ya yi ƙira don nuna su. [1] Babban ɗan'uwan Dadá, Manoel, ya mutu a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2025 yana da shekaru 116 da aka yi iƙirarin an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Maris, 1909. [2]

## Manazarta
Tereza de Benguela

**Tereza de Benguela** ( Benguela - Cuiabá, 25 ga Yuli 1770 ) shugaba ce ta quilombola wacce ta rayu a jihar Mato Grosso, a Brazil, a lokacin ƙarni na 18. Ta shahara saboda jagorancinta na Quilombo do Piolho . 

## Rayuwa
Ta auri José Piolho, wanda ya jagoranci Quilombo do Piolho (ko do Quariterê), tsakanin Kogin Guaporé (iyakar da ke tsakanin Mato Grosso da Bolívia ) da birnin Cuiabá . Bayan mutuwar José Piolho, Tereza ta zama sarauniyar quilombo, kuma, a ƙarƙashin jagorancinta, al'ummar baƙar fata da 'yan asalin ƙasar sun yi tsayayya da bauta tsawon shekaru ashirin, suna rayuwa har zuwa 1770, lokacin da sojojin Luís Pinto de Sousa Coutinho suka lalata quilombo. An kashe ko kama dukkan mutanen, waɗanda suka haɗa da baƙar fata 79 da 'yan asalin ƙasar 30.

Sarauniya Tereza ta jagoranci tsarin siyasa, tattalin arziki da gudanarwa na quilombo, tana kula da tsarin tsaro da bindigogi da ake ciniki da su da fararen fata ko kuma an fanshe su daga ƙauyukan da ke kusa. Abubuwan da aka sace da ake amfani da su a kan al'ummar baƙar fata da ke ƙaura zuwa wurin an mayar da su kayan aiki, saboda sun san yadda ake aiki da forge . Quilombo do Guariterê, ban da majalisar dokoki da mai ba da shawara kan sarauniya, sun haɓaka samar da auduga kuma sun mallaki kayan laƙa inda suke samar da yadi da ake sayarwa a wajen quilombos. Haka kuma suna sayar da abinci. [1]

## Gado

A shekarar 2014, an ware ranar 25 ga watan Yuli a matsayin Ranar Kasa ta Tereza de Benguela da Bakar Mace. 

Mawallafi Jarid Arraes ne ya rubuta tarihin rayuwarta a matsayin wani ɓangare na tarin cordel 2015 da littafin *Heroínas Negras Brasileiras em 15 cordéis* . 

## Manazarta
Dandara dos Palmares

**Dandara** (cikakken suna a cikin harshen Portugal : ***Dandara dos Palmares*** ) (1654 &#x2013; 6 ga Fabrairu, 1694 CE) ta kasance jarumin Afirka-Brazil a zamanin mulkin mallaka na Brazil kuma ta kasance wani ɓangare na Quilombo dos Palmares, wani matsuguni na mutanen Afro-Brazil waɗanda suka 'yantar da kansu daga bauta, a cikin jihar Alagoas ta yanzu.   Bayan an kama ta a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1694, ta kashe kanta, ta ƙi komawa rayuwar bauta. Ita mutum ce mai ban mamaki a yau, domin ba a san da yawa game da rayuwarta ba. Yawancin labaran da aka yi game da ita suna da bambanci kuma ba su da alaƙa.  Ita da mijinta Zumbi dos Palmares, sarkin ƙarshe na Quilombo dos Palmares, suna da 'ya'ya uku.

## Halaye da iyawa
An bayyana Dandara a matsayin jarumi, kuma ya mamaye dabarun capoeira kuma ya yi yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa tare da maza da mata don kare Palmares, wurin da bayin da suka tsere za su je su zauna lafiya. An kafa Palmares a ƙarni na 17 a Serra da Barriga, a jihar Alagoas, saboda yana da wuya a isa yankin saboda yawan ciyayi.

Ba a san ko an haife ta a Brazil ko kuma a Afirka ba. Lokacin da take ƙarama, ta shiga ƙungiyar 'yan Afirka-Brazil don yaƙi da bauta a Brazil. Ta taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar dabarun kare Palmares. An san Dandara a matsayin mayaƙi, amma kuma tana da sha'awar farauta da noma . Ta shuka masara, rogo, wake, dankali mai zaki, rake, da ayaba .

Mutanen Palmares, waɗanda aka sani da Palmarinos, sun ƙera kayan aikin noma da makamai don yaƙi. Sun kuma yi aiki da itace, yumbu, da ƙarfe . Da farko, dukkan ayyukan da ayyukan Palmarinos sun kasance don ƙirƙirar al'ummarsu masu dorewa, amma wasu suna ciniki da ƙauyuka da masana'antu a yankin.

Hare-haren da ake kai wa Palmares sun fara ne tun daga shekarar 1630, lokacin da mamayar Holland ta kai wa Brazil . A cewar labaran da suka shafi Dandara, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sa mijinta ya yanke dangantaka da kawunsa Ganga-Zumba, wanda shi ne babban hafsan Quilombo dos Palmares na farko. A shekarar 1678, Ganga-Zumba ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da gwamnatin jihar Pernambuco . Yarjejeniyar ta bayyana cewa za a saki mutanen Palmares da aka kama. Haka kuma, duk wadanda aka haifa a Palmares za su zama 'yantattu, ba bayi ba, kuma an ba su izinin yin kasuwanci. Duk da haka, a madadin haka, mutanen Palmares dole ne su daina ba wa duk wani sabon bayi mafaka su mika wa hukumomin Portugal duk wani irin wannan guduwa da ke neman mafaka. An ce Dandara da Zumbi dos Palmares sun yi adawa da yarjejeniyar saboda ba ta kawo karshen bauta ba, kuma a zahiri ya sa Palmares suka shiga cikin lamarin. Daya daga cikin Palmarinos wanda ya yi adawa da shawararsa ya kashe Ganga-Zumba .

## Jagorori

* Wasan *Dandara* mai ban sha'awa, wanda Long Hat House ya ƙirƙira kuma Raw Fury ya buga, ya samo asali ne daga tarihin Dandara.  
* Mawallafi Jarid Arraes ne ya rubuta tarihin rayuwarta a matsayin wani ɓangare na tarin cordel 2015 da littafin *Heroínas Negras Brasileiras em 15 cordéis* . 
* Wasan Civilization VI ya nuna Dandara a matsayin Babban Janar a cikin Babylon Pack DLC ɗinsa

## Manazarta
Muferiat Kamil

**Muferihat Kamil Ahmed** (Amharic: muferihat Kamil *ähmäd*; an haife ta a shekarar 1976) 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Habasha wacce a yanzu ita ce Ministar Aiki da Ci gaban ayyukan Ƙwarewa tun daga shekarar 2021. Ta kasance Shugabar Majalisar Wakilan Jama'a.  Muferihat ta taɓa yin aiki a matsayin Ministar Zaman Lafiya ta farko daga watan Oktoba 2018 zuwa ranar 6 ga watan Oktoba 2021.  Ta kasance Shugabar SEPDM (Ƙungiyar Demokraɗiyya ta Kudancin Habasha), ɗaya daga cikin jam'iyyu huɗu da suka kafa tsohuwar ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa mai mulki a Habasha, EPRDF.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Muferihat a garin Jimma  iyayenta 'yan ƙabilar Silt'e, ɗaya daga cikin mutanen kudancin Habasha. Ita musulma ce 'yar Sunni. Ta halarci Jami'ar Haramaya, inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin aikin gona a shekarar 2000.

## Aikin siyasa
An naɗa Muferihat a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan hulɗa da jama'a ga yankin Kudu, Ƙasashe da Al'umma (SNNPR) a shekarar 2007. An naɗa ta a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Mata ta Habasha a shekarar 2008. An naɗa ta a matsayin Shugabar Majalisar Wakilan Jama'a a watan Afrilun 2018, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama mace ta farko da ta riƙe wannan muƙami. 

A watan Oktoban 2018, an naɗa Muferihat a matsayin Ministar Zaman Lafiya, wata ma'aikata mai ƙarfi da ke kula da hukumomi ciki har da Hukumar Leken Asiri da Tsaro ta Ƙasa (NISS), Hukumar Tsaron Cibiyar Sadarwa (INSA), da Hukumar 'Yan Sanda ta Tarayya.

## Manazarta
Selamawit Kassa

**Selamawit Kassa** (Amharic: ሰላማዊt ካሳ) 'yar siyasar ƙasar Habasha ce wacce a halin yanzu take riƙe da muƙamin ministar yawon buɗe ido tun daga shekarar 2024. Ta kasance mataimakiyar ministar ayyukan sadarwar gwamnati daga ranar 31 ga watan Oktoba 2021.

## Muƙaman gwamnati
Selamawit Kassa ta kasance Ministar Ayyukan Sadarwa ta Gwamnati daga ranar 31 ga watan Oktoba 2021.  A ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba 2024, an naɗa Selamawit a matsayin Ministar Al'adu da Yawon Buɗe Ido wanda daga baya Majalisar Wakilan Jama'a (HoPR) ta amince da shi.    

## Manazarta
Clara Camarão

**Clara Camarão** ( ƙasa ta 1637) jarumar ' yar asalin ƙasar Brazil ce. Masu bin addinin Jesuit na Portugal sun musulunta zuwa addinin Kiristanci kuma suka yi wa Clara Camarão baftisma. A lokacin mamayar da 'yan Holland suka yi a tsakanin 1630–1637, ta jagoranci jaruman ƙabilarta wajen kare Brazil daga mamayar da aka yi a Goiana da Recife.  

Ta auri shahararren shugaban 'yan asalin ƙasar kuma kwamandan Poty, wanda aka fi sani da Antonio Felippe Camarão . [1] An san Clara koyaushe tana tare da mijinta, tana yaƙi tare da shi. [2]

## Manazarta
Augusta La Torre

**Augusta Deyanira La Torre Carrasco** [ a ] (29 ga Agusta 1946 - 14 Nuwamba 1988), wanda aka fi sani da **Kwamared Norah**, [ b ] yar gurguzu ce ta Peru, wanda aka amince da ita a matsayin lamba ta biyu a cikin jagorancin ƙungiyar 'yan daba ta Shining Path . Tasirin La Torre ga mijinta, wanda ya kafa Shining Path Abimael Guzmán, ana yaba masa da kafa daidaito ga mata dangane da shiga cikin ƙungiyar juyin juya hali, da kuma lokacin ayyukanta na 'yan ta'adda. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi La Torre a Huanta a shekarar 1946 a cikin iyali mai mallakar filaye tare da fitattun zuri'un siyasa,  daga baya ta tafi karatu a Ayacucho tun tana matashiya. 'Yar shugaban jam'iyyar kwaminis Carlos La Torre Córdova da Delia Carrasco, "ta girma a cikin iyali inda ayyukan siyasa, zama memba na jam'iyya da zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnatin Peru suka kasance na yau da kullun, wanda hakan ya sa ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa ita ma ta shiga siyasa mai tsauri." 

Ta shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Peru a shekarar 1962 tana da shekaru 17.  Ta haɗu da Abimael Guzmán, farfesa a fannin falsafa, ta hanyar iyayenta. Guzmán ya kasance baƙo a gidansu da ke Ayacucho akai-akai, yana ganawa da mahaifin La Torre don tattauna siyasa.  A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 1964, ta auri Guzmán.   La Torre ta kuma ƙarfafa Guzmán ya kafa Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Farin Jini a Ayacucho a shekarar 1965.  Ta kasance mai himma a cikin ƙungiyar siyasa ta Maoist, *Bandera Roja* (Ja Flag), kuma ta taimaka wajen kafa Ƙungiyar *Taimakon Jama'a ta Peru* . 

La Torre ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimaka wa Guzmán wajen ƙirƙirar Hanya Mai Shining (wanda aka fi sani da *Sendero Luminoso* a cikin Sifaniyanci).   A ranar 24 ga Disamba 1980, farkon " gwagwarmayar makamai " ( *Inicio de la Lucha Armada* ), ta jagoranci ɗaya daga cikin hare-haren farko na Hanyar Mai Shining, wanda ya kai hari kan wani ƙaramin gona, Hacienda San Agustín de Ayzarca, kuma ya kai ga azabtarwa da kisan manajan gonar, Benigno Medina da wani ma'aikaci ɗan shekara 19 mai suna Ricardo Lizarbe.  

Ta ɓoye tare da Guzmán a shekarar 1978 kuma ta mutu a watan Nuwamba 1988, kodayake har yanzu ba a san yanayin mutuwarta ba.  Elena Yparraguirre ta maye gurbin La Torre a matsayin lamba ta biyu a ƙungiyar, wacce ta auri Guzmán a shekarar 2010 bayan da aka ayyana La Torre a matsayin wanda ya mutu bisa doka . 

A shekarar 2021, ɗan jaridar ƙasar Peru Umberto Jara [es] sun yi iƙirarin cewa, bisa ga shaidar da ta haɗa da takardar 'yan sanda tare da shaidu da kuma rubutun hannu mai shafuka 400 da Guzmán ya rubuta bayan kama shi a shekarar 1992, an kashe La Torre bisa umarnin Guzmán saboda zargin rashin jituwa da shi da kuma haɗarin samun rarrabuwar kawuna, kuma an ruwaito cewa Guzmán ya ba da umarnin cewa kada a sake gano gawarta, yayin da ya bayyana a bainar jama'a cewa musabbabin mutuwarta kisan kai ne. [1]

## Duba kuma

* Mata a Cikin Hanya Mai Haskakawa

## Manazarta
Filomena Valenzuela Goyenechea

Laftanar **Filomena Valenzuela Goyenechea** (kimanin 1848–1924) wata soja ce ta ƙasar Chile (asali daga Copiapó), wacce aka fi sani da *La Madrecita* .  Asalinta cantinière ce, ta zo ne don shiga yaƙi kai tsaye a Yaƙin Pisagua, Yaƙin Dolores da Yaƙin Los Ángeles a lokacin Yaƙin Pacific .   An kuma san ta da kula da sojoji marasa lafiya da waɗanda suka ji rauni.  

Saboda rawar da ta taka a yaƙi, an ƙara mata matsayi zuwa na biyu Laftanar. [1]

## Manazarta
Ana María Martínez de Nisser

**Ana María Martínez de Nisser** (Disamba 6, 1812 &#x2013; Satumba 18, 1872) yar gwagwarmaya ce kuma marubuci 'yar Colombia.   

An haifi Martínez de Nisser a Sonsón, Antioquia a 1812. [1] [2] Daga ƙarshe, ta auri wani baƙo ɗan ƙasar Sweden, Pedro Nisser. [3] A lokacin Yaƙin Koli, ta ji cewa 'yan tawaye sun kama mijinta. [2] Tana da shekaru 28, saboda sha'awarta ta ceto mijinta da kuma tsananin kishin ƙasa, ta aske gashinta, ta haɗa kayan soja, ta kuma yi aikin sa kai don yaƙi a ɓangaren gwamnati; ta shiga yaƙin Salamina a ranar 5 ga Mayu 1841. [1] [4]

Daga baya ta buga littafin tarihin rayuwarta tana ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru da ita. 

## Manazarta
Elda Neyis Mosquera

**Elda Neyis Mosquera García** (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga Agusta 1963) ( sunan **Karina** wanda aka fi sani da **Nelly Ávila Moreno** ) ita ce tsohuwar kwamandan rundunar 47th Front ta FARC-EP, wata ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye ta kwaminisanci a Colombia . Ta miƙa wuya ga Sojojin Colombia a ranar 18 ga Mayu 2008.  Daga baya aka gurfanar da ita a gaban kuliya aka same ta da laifin sace mutane, kisan kai, da sauransu, sannan aka yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 33 a gidan yari, amma a ranar 6 ga Maris 2009 aka sanar da cewa za a sake ta daga gidan yari don ta zama "mai fafutukar zaman lafiya," da kuma zama misali ga sauran 'yan tawaye don su jawo hankalin su su miƙa wuya. 

Moreno ta kasance memba na FARC tsawon shekaru 24 kafin ta miƙa wuya. [1] A wani taron manema labarai a Medellín, Moreno ta ce ta miƙa wuya ne saboda ƙaruwar matsin lambar sojojin Colombia, tabarbarewar sojojin 'yan tawaye da kuma fargabar da take yi cewa sojojinta za su kashe ta saboda ladan dala 900,000 da ke kanta, bayan wani tsohon kwamandan FARC ( Iván Ríos ) da masu tsaron lafiyarsa suka kashe. [2]

## Manazarta
Vera Grabe

**Vera Grabe Loewenherz** ƙwararriyar masaniyar ɗan adam ce 'yar ƙasar Colombia, 'yar siyasa, kuma tsohuwar memba ce a ƙungiyar ' yan tawayen Colombia M-19, wadda ita ma ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ta.

## Sana'a
Iyayenta sun yi ƙaura zuwa Colombia daga Jamus.  Bayan ta yi aiki da M-19, ta sake shiga cikin al'umma ta hanyar yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da ta ba wa 'yan tawaye damar kwace makamai ba tare da sun sha wahala daga Gwamnati ba. Tana da digiri na biyu a tarihi daga Jami'ar Andes da kuma digiri na uku a fannin Zaman Lafiya, Rikici da Dimokuradiyya daga Jami'ar Granada, Spain. 

A ƙarƙashin tutar M-19 Democratic Alliance, wata jam'iyyar siyasa da ta samo asali daga tsohuwar ƙungiyar masu dauke da makamai, an zaɓe ta a Majalisar Dokoki, da farko a matsayin Wakili na Majalisar, sannan a matsayin Sanata na Colombia . A zaɓen shugaban ƙasar Colombia na 2002 ta tsaya takarar mataimakin shugaban ƙasa ga Luis Eduardo Garzón a takarar Social and Political Front . [1]

Ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'ar diflomasiyya kan kare hakkin dan adam tare da Ofishin Jakadancin Colombia da ke Spain, Daraktan NGO *Observatorio para la Paz* (1998–1999), farfesa kuma edita, kuma mai fafutukar zaman lafiya.  

Gwamnatin Colombia ta naɗa ta a matsayin babbar mai shiga tsakani da Rundunar 'Yancin Ƙasa (ELN) a watan Disamba na 2023. 

## Manazarta