Jos Plateau

Tsaunin **Jos Plateau** wani tudu ne dake kusa da tsakiyar Najeriya. A sanadiyyar sunan tsaunin na plateau ya ake kiran yankin Jihar Filato wacce ke cikin garin kuma yiwa babban birnin jihar, Jos lakabi da ita. Tsaunin ya kasance gida ga mutane masu al'adu da harsuna daban-daban. Tsaunin ya kunshi ciyayi na montane grassland, savannas, kuma dazukan gida ne ga nauika daban daban na tsirrai da dabbobi wadanda suka bambamta da na sauran kewaye garin sannan ta kunshi **gandun daji na Jos Plateau-savanna mosaic** ecoregion .

## Labarin Kasa
Ta mamaye kimanin fili 8600&nbsp;km² kuma tana da iyaka da mita 300-600 na scarpments kusa da yawancin iyakarta. Tare da matsakaicin bisa na mita 1,280, itace yanki mafi girma da ke da fiye da tsayin mita 1,000 a Najeriya, tare da bisa na mita 1,829m, daga tudun Shere Hills. Rafuka da dama sun samo tushen su daga tsaunin. Kogin Kaduna yana kwarara daga gangaren yamma, ya bi ramukan kudu maso yamma don hadewa da rafin Niger. Kogin Gongola yana gudana zuwa gabas zuwa rafin Benue. Kogin Hadejia da Yobe suna kwarara ta arewa maso gabas zuwa tafkin Chadi.

### Duwatsu
Tsaunin Jos Plateau ya kunshi nau'ikan duwatsu guda uku. Tsofaffin granites wanda ke da alaka da shekarun Cambrian da Ordovician. Matsakaitan granites suna da alaka da shekarun Jurassic kuma sun zama wani ɓangare na jerin da suka haɗa da Aïr Massif a tsakiyar Sahara. Har ila yau, akwai duwatsun volcano da  basalt wanda aka amayar tun lokacin Pliocene.  Matsakaitan granites kuma suna dauke da tin da ake hakowa tun farkon karni na 20, lokacin da kuma bayan Turawan mulkin mallaka.

## Yanayi
Yanayin da ke kan tsaunin na da zafi amma ya fi sauran yankunan kewayen garin sanyi. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi/sanyi na farawa daga 15.5&nbsp;° C zuwa 18.5&nbsp;°C a cikin watanni mafi sanyi zuwa 27.5&nbsp;°C zuwa 30.5&nbsp;°C a cikin watanni mafi zafi. Ruwan sama na farawa daga 2,000&nbsp;mm a kowace shekara a kudu maso yamma zuwa 1,500&nbsp;mm ko ƙasa da haka a yanayin kafewa ns arewa maso gabas. Ruwan sama a garin Jos na kai 1,411&nbsp;mm a kowace shekara. Ruwan sama ya danganta da yanayi sosai, yana faɗowa mafi yawa tsakanin Yuni da Satumba tare da Yuli da Agusta watanni mafi sanyi. Iskar da ke ɗauke da danshi tana fitowa daga kudu da yamma, kuma ruwan sama ya fi girma a kan gangaren kudu- da yamma. 

## Flora da fauna
 Ciyayi asali na yankin sun kasance kaman mosaic na savanna,"Forest–savanna mosaic"open woodland, da kuma forest savanna. Ayyukan ɗan adam sun rage yawan bishiyoyin tsaunin, sannan kuma mafi yawancin tudu a yanzu an rufe su da filayen ciyawa. Kananan wurare na gandun daji da daji sun kasance a kan tudu da wuraren da ba za a iya isa ba, ciki har da kudanci da yamma, tare da koguna, da kuma duwatsu.  Tsaunin ya kasance gida ne kawai ga mutanen yammacin Afirka na klipspringer ( *Oreotragus oreotragus* ), da kuma tsuntsaye masu yawa da dabbobi masu shayarwa, ciki har da mole-bera na Najeriya ( *Cryptomys foxi* ), Fox's shaggy rat ( *Dasymys foxi* ), rock firefinch ( *Lagonosticta sanguinodorsalis* ), da Jos Plateau indigobird ( *Vidua maryae* ). 

## Mutane
 
Plateau na Jos na zaune a Tsakiyar Najeriya, kuma ko a wannan yanki akwai bambancin al'adu da dama, akwai harsuna da mutane iri-iri. Barbour et al. (1982:49) ya nuna fiye da ƙungiyoyin kabilanci guda 60 ke rayuwa a kan tsunin.  Yawancin harsunan tsaunin suna cikin dangin Chadic,  wanda ke cikin dangin Afro-Asiya. Biyu daga cikin manyan kabilun Filato su ne Berom, a arewacin Filato, da kuma Ngas a kudu maso gabas. Ƙananan ƙungiyoyi sun haɗa da Mwaghavul, Pyem, Ron, Afizere, Anaguta, Aten, Irigwe, Chokfem, Kofyar, Kulere, Miship, Mupun da Montol.

Plateau na Jos gida ne ga tsaffin al'adun Nok, wanda aka sani da kyawawan zane-zane na terracotta. Bayan turawan mulkin mallaka na Najeriya, Jos Plateau ya zama yanki mai ma'adinai kuma daya daga cikin muhimman wuraren yawon bude ido a Najeriya, sai dai a farkon karni na 21 ya kawo cikas ga harkokin yawon bude ido sakamakon wani sabon rikici da ya barke tsakanin kiristoci da musulmi, sakamakon sabanin kabilanci da na siyasa a tsakanin. mazauna Jos Plateau.

## Barazana da kiyayewa
Tsaunin Jos wani yanki ne mai yawan jama'a wanda ke da hasarar ɓangarorin ciyayi na asali da itacen daji zuwa gonaki da kuma tara itace; sauran dabbobin da suka rage yawanci sun iyakance ga ƙananan yankuna a cikin mafi nisa da kuma bakin kogi. A halin yanzu babu wani shirin kiyayewa don wannan muhallin. Sakamakon aikin hako ma'adinan tin wasu 320&nbsp;km² na ƙasar noma ya damu.  Tun daga lokacin manoman yankin sun samu bunkasar lamarin saboda amfani da na gargajiya da na zamani da ake amfani da su wajen takin zamani wadanda suka hada da taki, tokar sharar gari da takin zamani.  Kimanin 1,199&nbsp;km², ko 9%, na ecoregion yana cikin wurare masu kariya.  Wuraren da aka kiyaye sun haɗa da tsaunin Jarawa, Jere, Rafin Bawa, Panshanu, Kogin Guram, Assob Bachit, Kurra Jekko, da gandun dajin Abak. 

## Manazarta

* Barbour, KM, et al., masu gyara. 1982 *Najeriya a Taswirori* . Hodder da Stoughton, London.
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## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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* Hiking on the plateau