William Gilbert Puckey

**William Gilbert Puckey** (5 ga Mayun shekarar 1805 - 27 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 1878), an haife shi a Penryn, Ingila, ya kasance mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje a New Zealand . Ya bi iyayensa zuwa New Zealand yana da shekaru 14. Ya zama sananne a matsayin daya daga cikin masu fassara mafi kyau na Māori a cikin sabon aikin. Ya sami damar samar da dangantaka ta amincewa tare da yawancin Māori masu tasiri tun yana ƙarami, kuma musamman, tare da Nōpera Panakareao, na Te Rarawa iwi a Kaitaia.

Dare kafin sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Waitangi a Kaitaia, Panakareao ya yi kira ga Puckey kuma ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo yana tattaunawa da tambayar ma'anar, fassarar, da muhimmancin kalmar "kawanatanga" wanda Henry Williams ya yi amfani da shi a cikin Yarjejeniyar. A cikin jawabin Panakareo ga shugabannin da suka taru, (wanda Puckey ya fassara kuma Richard Taylor ya rubuta a lokacin), ya amince da Yarjejeniyar. Ya ce ya fahimci kalmomin Yarjejeniyar suna nufin cewa "inuwa ta ƙasar tana wucewa ga Sarauniya, yayin da abu ya kasance tare da Māori", ra'ayi da ya fahimta kuma ya juya bayan shekara guda saboda ƙwarewar da ke ƙaruwa a cikin hulɗa da hukumomin Pākehā, lokacin da ya bayyana cewa ya ga cewa ainihin ƙasar ya wuce ga Sarauniya kuma inuwa ta kasance tare da Maori.

A cikin shekarar 1845 kwamitin da ya ƙunshi William Williams, Robert Maunsell, James Hamlin da William Puckey sun fassara Littafin Addu'a ta Jama'a.

Kwarewar Puckey da tausayi a cikin te reo Māori ya taimaka masa ya kafa kyakkyawar dangantaka da fahimta tare da Māori a Northland. Wasu Pākehā kalilan ne a farkon shekarun hulɗa za su iya sadarwa yadda ya kamata tsakanin ƙabilu. Puckey sau da yawa yana magana game da kansa da matarsa a cikin Jaridarsa a matsayin 'ma'aikata a cikin gonar inabi' kawai, kuma kodayake ya kasance mai tawali'u da tawali'unsa, Bishop Selwyn, wanda ya ki la'akari da shi a matsayin dan takara don tsarkakewa, saboda rashin Girkanci da Latin, (ba tare da sanin ikonsa na samar da cikakkun fassarar Māori ba), da kuma masana tarihi na gaba.

## Farko
An haifi Puckey a Penryn, Cornwall, kuma an yi masa baftisma a can a ranar 5 ga Yunin shekarar 1805.  Iyayensa sune William Puckey babba da matarsa, Margery (née Gilbert). William babba, da ɗan'uwansa James Puckey, sun kasance a cikin asalin ƙungiyar London Missionary Society (LMS) wanda ya yi tafiya a cikin jirgin Duff, kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya kafa aikin LMS a Tahiti a cikin shekarar 1796, amma lokacin da wannan aikin ya gaza, ya ci gaba zuwa Paramatta, Australia. William Puckey (babban) ya koma Ingila a shekarar 1800, ya auri Margery Gilbert kuma yana da 'ya'ya 4. Iyalin ciki har da yara 3 da suka tsira sun bar Ingila a 1815 zuwa Ostiraliya. Yarinyar da ta fi girma, Caroline, ta mutu ne sakamakon convulsions a Rio de Janeiro, babu shakka wani abu ne mai ban tsoro ga iyalin. William ya kafa kansa a matsayin mai gina jirgin ruwa a Sydney kuma a watan Nuwamba, 1819 William Gilbert da 'yar'uwarsa Elizabeth, (daga baya ya auri Gilbert Mair) sun zo tare da iyayensu zuwa Kerikeri, New Zealand a cikin 'Janar Gates', a karo na biyu na aikin Samuel Marsden.

William Puckey babban ya kasance mai gina jirgin ruwa, masassaƙi da masassaƙi a Cornwall, kuma mai yiwuwa ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga kafa waɗannan ƙwarewar a New Zealand, a matsayin sawyer, masassaƙa, da mai gina jirgin ƙasa, yana da hannu a cikin zaɓin katako, yankan alluna, da yin aikin Kemp House, da kuma gina jirgin ruwa na Herald mai ƙafa 55 don aikin CMS. William Puckey ƙarami ya taimaka wajen gina, sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin abokin *Herald*;  har sai jirgin ya rushe a 1828 yayin da yake ƙoƙarin shiga Hokianga Harbour.

Mahaifinsa William, musamman ma mahaifiyarsa Margery, sun sha wahala daga maye  a ƙarƙashin yanayin rayuwa a farkon New Zealand, kuma dukansu sun mutu a shekarar 1827 bayan sun sha giya mai tsawo bayan auren 'yarsu, bayan sun koma Sydney.  William Gilbert Puckey ya shiga aikin CMS da kansa a 1821, kuma bayan ya bi mahaifinsa zuwa Sydney a 1826, ya koma New Zealand a shekarar 1827, kuma ya zauna a nan har tsawon rayuwarsa.

Wannan asalin, na girma a cikin shekarun da ya fara tare da al'ummomin Māori, da kuma shaida abubuwan da suka faru na farkon ƙauyuka na manufa, ya kasance mai mahimmanci ga ci gaban da ya ci gaba da dangantaka mai ƙarfi da tasiri tare da Māori a kusa da tashoshin manufa da ya yi aiki a ciki, a Kerikeri, Paihia, Waimate, da tashar da ya taimaka ya samo sannan ya zauna a Kaitaia.

A ranar 11 ga Oktoban shekarar 1831, a cikin St. John the Baptist Church a Te Waimate mission, Puckey ya auri Matilda Davis (wanda a lokacin yana da shekaru 17), 'yar Rev. Richard Davis ta biyu, don haka ya zama ma'aurata na farko na Turai da aka rubuta su yi aure a New Zealand. An haifi ɗansu na farko a farkon watan Janairun 1833, amma kawai ya tsira na makonni bakwai.

## Tafiyar zuwa Reinga
Puckey shine Pākehā na farko da ya yi tafiya zuwa Ninety Mile Beach zuwa 'Te Reinga' wanda aka sani a yau da Cape Reinga . Shi ne farkon ruhohi a cikin ra'ayi na duniya na Māori, kuma an yarda ya je can ya ce wani abu game da dangantakar da ya iya kafawa da Māori na gida.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1834, ba da daɗewa ba bayan isowarsa da zama a Kaitaia, ya yi tafiya tare da wani dattijo Cif, (-wanda aka fassara a matsayin 'mai tuƙi'), wanda ya fara juyawa zuwa Kiristanci. An tambayi su a Houhora game da dalilin da ya sa suke so su yi tafiya zuwa wannan wuri mafi tsarki, kuma a lokacin da suka dawo sun fuskanci babban taro na rangatira waɗanda ke damuwa cewa Puckey na iya lalata 'aka', tsani zuwa teku, inda aka fahimci ruhohi su tashi zuwa Hawaiiki.

Wani babban Hui ya zauna don ba da izinin bayyana duk ra'ayoyin, kuma a ƙarshe, Paerata ya tsaya ya yi magana na awanni 2-3, yana bayanin abin da shi da Puckey suka yi kuma suka tattauna a kan tafiye-tafiyen su, da kuma yadda sabbin imani da falsafar Kirista da Pucke ke tallafawa ba lallai bane su zama barazana ga imanin al'ada na Māori.

## Labaran da suka faru
Lokacin da yake da shekaru 14, Puckey ya ƙone fern da ke kewaye da tashar mishan, wanda ya haifar da babbar damuwa. Mishan J.G Butler ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa a ranar 6 ga Januirun shekarar 1821 cewa gobarar, "wanda yake so ya ƙone alkama mai tsaye, ranar tana da iska kuma fern yana da tsawo. Wutar ta yi fushi sosai, don haka, tare da taimakon 'yan asalin da yawa, muna da matukar wahala wajen adana masara, da kuma kashe shi. Mista F. Hall yana da sha'ir da aka ƙone, amma ba da yawa. "

Daga baya a wannan shekarar, Māori ta kwace gidan dangin Puckey a wani hari na 'Muru', a matsayin utu don mayar da martani ga 'yar'uwar William Gilbert mai shekaru 11 Elizabeth, don mayar da hankali ga zagi na yara da ake siyarwa, tana gaya wa 'yar babban shugaban Hongi cewa za ta "sanya kan mahaifinka, kuma ta dafa shi a cikin tukunyar ƙarfe, a cewar littafin Butler. "Lokacin da 'yan asalin suka shiga, daya daga cikinsu ya kama shi (WG Puckey) da gashin kansa, kuma ya ce zai yanke kansa idan ya yi magana. Da zaran an sake shi, sai ya gudu zuwa ga mahaifinsa, yana rawar jiki a kowane bangare. "

An ruwaito cewa Puckey daga baya ya ceci rayuwar wani saurayi bawa na Māori wanda za a jefa shi cikin kogi. Mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje ya ba da shawarar ya sayi yaron daga gare su, kuma ya gaggauta komawa tashar mishan don samun gari da biyan sukari. Lokacin da ya dawo, ya ga yaron ya riga ya shiga cikin kogi. Ya nutse cikin tufafi, ya ceci kuma ya farfado da yaron, wanda daga baya ya shiga gidan Puckey.

Mutumin da ke da basira, Puckey ya gina abin da zai iya zama jirgin ruwa na farko na New Zealand. Ya sanya jirgin ruwa a kan jirginsa, wanda sai ya 'tafi' baya zuwa gabar teku ta Ninety Mile bayan ziyarar da bincike a kan rairayin bakin teku, ya bar doki ya sami sauƙin gudu zuwa gida.

## Tasirin Arewa
A lokacin rayuwar Puckey, ya rinjayi kuma ya wadatar da yankin Northland sosai. Saboda ya kasance ƙwararren mai ginawa, masassaƙi, mai ƙirƙiro da kuma gine-gine, an gina yawancin gine-ginen Kaitaia, gadoji da hanyoyi a ƙarƙashin kulawarsa. Ana iya ganin kayan aikin da ya yi amfani da su kuma ya ƙirƙira a cikin Te Ahu Heritage (Far North Museum). 

Kwarewarsa a cikin harshen Māori yana nufin cewa zai iya fassara da sadarwa daidai da sassan Littafi Mai-Tsarki cikin harshen Māori da harshe, babban taimako ga sauran masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje da alakarsu da sauran al'ummomin Māori. Māori sun tuba zuwa Kiristanci saboda kokarin Puckey da matarsa na bishara da misali, sau da yawa suna ciyar da rayuwarsu a tashar mishan, suna taimakawa wajen juyar da wasu Māori

## Mutumin Girma
Puckey ya rayu rayuwarsa a matsayin mutum mai gaskiya, mai mutunci, kuma mai gaskiya tare da mutunci mai yawa; ya ci gaba da haɗin kai mai ƙarfi tare da coci kuma tare da manufar juyawa Māori zuwa Kiristanci da fassara Linjila don Māori su fahimci shi. Ko da a cikin shekarunsa na baya lokacin da yake kwance a kan gado kuma yana da wahalar ji, har yanzu yana da lokaci don ba da 'nagget' na hikima ga saurayi Māori wanda zai iya faruwa. Ayyuka kamar waɗannan sun ba shi girmamawa daga shugabannin Nga Puhi, kamar Paerata da Pana-kareao

Koyaya, wasu sun yi tunanin zai iya inganta gudummawarsa. 'Muriwhenua Land Report' na Hukumar Waitangi ya ce a hankali - "William Puckey mutum ne mai gaskiya, kuma mai magana da harshen Māori, amma ya fi zama mai aminci fiye da mai yin magana. Ya kasance mai zaman kansa a duk lokacin da yake hidimar mishan, ba a yarda da shi ba kuma ba a naɗa shi a matsayin firist ba. Amfani da harshen Māori ya bar kyakkyawan wuri don ingantawa, a ganinsa, kuma game da rubutun shari'a ayyukansa suna buƙatar gyarawa cikin gaggawa". 
[1]
Amma rubuce-rubucen Puckey sau da yawa suna da basira sosai, kuma suna da kyau tare da kwatanci mai haske. Puckey ya rubuta wata wasika da ya karɓa daga wani wakilin Māori a cikin 'Missionary Register' a cikin 1836, wanda ya ce "Ruhu Mai Tsarki ya fara tonowa a saman zuciyata, amma yana aiki a ƙasa da sannu a hankali. Yana da alama yana tsaye yana buƙatar cokali".

## Mutuwa da gado
William Gilbert Puckey ya mutu a Kaitaia a ranar 27 ga Maris 1878, yana da shekaru 73, kuma an binne shi a Cocin St Saviours, Kaitaia . Matilda ta mutu a ranar 15 ga Yuli 1884 a Thames .  Wasu fitattun dangi na William Gilbert Puckey sun hada da dansa Edward Walter Puckey, wanda aka nada shi Alkalin Kotun Ƙasar a ranar 18 ga Mayu 1881. 

Yaran William da Matilda 11 sune: 

* Frederick James Puckey (1834-1834) ya mutu yana da makonni bakwai, a Waimate .
* William George Puckey (1835-1918) m. Margaret Hunt a 1872. Yara shida.
* Edward Walter Puckey (1837-1924) m. Annie Russell a shekarar 1863. Yara biyu.
* Mary Serena Puckey (1839-1927) m. Dokta Thomas Trimnell a 1864. Yara biyu.
* Margarita Jane Puckey (1844-1930) m. William Henry Blyth a 1866.
* Caroline Elizabeth Puckey (1842-1849) ta mutu daga kamuwa da cutar kunne.
* Frederick Coleman Puckey (1847-1848) 
* Charles Iselton Puckey (1848-1934) m. Doris Sophia Subritzky a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1873. Yara tara.
* Richard Henry Martyn Puckey (1852-1934) m. Alice Marion masters a 1883. Yara bakwai.
* Annie Matilda Sophia Marella Puckey (1855?-1932?) m. William Temple Williams a cikin 1891. Yara huɗu.
* Albert Francis Puckey (1858-1936) m. Gertrude Robinson. Babu yara.

## Dubi kuma

* Ƙungiyar Wa'azi ta Ikilisiyar New Zealand

## Manazarta

## Sauran tushe

* * By Bible, Hammer & Compass, Pacific Adventures James and William Puckey, 1796-1827* (2018), Adrienne Puckey, Sean Millar Publishing, Auckland, 
* *A brief record of the life of William Gilbert Puckey, of New Zealand, missionary and pioneer*, A.M.S.M. Williams
* *The Story of Paihia* (2000), Nancy Pickmere, Calder's Design and Print, Whangarei, 
* *Kaitaia and its People* (1989), Florence Keene, Allied Graphics, Whangarei, 
* *A Lamp Shines in Kerikeri* (1969), Nancy Preece Pickmere,  News Limited, Kaikohe, NoISBN
* *Life of W.G. Puckey* (1932), A.M.S.M.Williams.
* *Journals and Letters of the Rev. W.G. Puckey, 1831 – 1868*, (2004), Special Collections, Auckland Public Library
* *Letters From the Bay of Islands: The Story of Marianne Williams*, (2004), C Fitzgerald (editor), Penguin Books, Auckland
* ''Descendants of William Puckey'' (2007) Family website