TT pistol

**TT-30**, Wanda aka fi sani da **Tokarev**, bindiga ce mai sarrafa kanta ta Soviet da ba ta samarwa ba. Fedor Tokarev ne ya haɓaka shi a cikin 1930 a matsayin bindigar sabis ga sojojin Soviet don maye gurbin Nagant M1895 revolver da aka yi amfani da shi tun daular Rasha, kodayake ta ƙare ana amfani da ita tare da, maimakon maye gurbin M1895. Ya yi aiki har zuwa 1952, lokacin da aka maye gurbinsa da bindigar Makarov.

## Ci gaba

A cikin 1930, Majalisar Sojan Juyin Juyi ta amince da wani kuduri na gwada sabbin kananan makamai don maye gurbin tsofaffin 'yan tawayen Nagant M1895 .  A lokacin waɗannan gwaje-gwaje, a ranar 7 ga Janairu, 1931, an lura da yuwuwar bindigar da Fedor Tokarev ya tsara. Bayan 'yan makonni, an ba da umarnin 1,000 TT-30 don gwajin sojoji, kuma an karɓi bindigar don hidima a cikin Red Army.  An kera TT-30 tsakanin 1930 zuwa 1936, inda aka kera kusan 93,000.

Ko da yayin da aka sanya TT-30 a cikin samarwa, an yi canje-canjen ƙira don sauƙaƙe masana'antu. An aiwatar da ƙananan canje-canje ga ganga, mai cire haɗin,  faɗakarwa da firam ɗin, mafi shaharar su shine tsallake taron guduma mai cirewa da kuma canje-canje zuwa gaɗaɗɗen kulle-kulle. Wannan bindigar da aka sake fasalin ita ce **TT-33** .  Yawancin TT-33 an ba da su ga manyan jami'an. Sojojin Soviet sun yi amfani da TT-33 sosai a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, amma bai maye gurbin Nagant gaba daya ba. Daga 1931-1945, an samar da Tokarevs 1,330,000 a cikin Tarayyar Soviet.

## Cikakkun bayanai
A waje, TT-33 yayi kama da bugun baya na John Browning mai sarrafa FN Model 1903 semiautomatic pistol, kuma a ciki yana amfani da gajeriyar tsarin karkatar da ganga na Browning daga bindigar M1911. A wasu wurare TT-33 ya bambanta da ƙirar Browning - yana ɗaukar guduma mai sauƙi / taro mai sauƙi fiye da M1911. Ana iya cire wannan taron daga bindigar a matsayin naúrar kayan aiki kuma ya haɗa da injina na ciyar da leɓuna na mujallu, yana hana ɓata lokaci lokacin da aka loda wata mujalla da ta lalace cikin rijiyar mujallar. Injiniyoyin Soviet sun yi gyare-gyare da yawa don sauƙaƙe na'urar samarwa da kulawa, musamman sauƙaƙan maƙallan kulle ganga, yana ba da ƙarancin matakan injin. Wasu samfura suna amfani da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai ɗorewa da aka tsare a sandar jagora, wanda ya dogara da ganga mai tsinke don riƙe ta cikin tashin hankali. TT-33 an yi shi ne don harsashi na Tokarev na 7.62 × 25mm, wanda ita kanta ta dogara ne akan kwatankwacin 7.63 × 25mm Mauser cartridge wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin bindigar Mauser C96. Harsashin 7.62 × 25mm yana da ƙarfi, yana da yanayi mai faɗi sosai, kuma yana da ikon shiga cikin tufa mai kauri da sulke na jiki. Saboda amincin su, an samar da adadi mai yawa na TT-33 a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma cikin shekarun 1950. A cikin zamani na zamani, an canza TT-33 mai ƙarfi zuwa harsashi masu ƙarfi da yawa ciki har da .38 Super da 9 × 23mm Winchester. TT-33 ya tsallake wani kama mai aminci ban da rabin zakara, wanda ya sa abin ya zama ba zai iya aiki ba har sai an ja da guduma zuwa cikakken zakara sannan aka saukar da shi da hannu zuwa rabin zakara. Yawancin bambance-bambancen da aka shigo da su cikin Amurka suna da ƙarin aminci na hannu, waɗanda suka bambanta sosai a cikin jeri da aiki.

## Bambance-bambance
Wehrmacht ya kama TT-33s kuma ya ba da su ga raka'a a ƙarƙashin sunan Pistole 615 (r). Wannan ya yiwu saboda gaskiyar cewa harsashi na 7.62 mm Model 1930 Nau'in P na Rasha sun kusan yi kama da na Jamusanci 7.63 × 25mm Mauser cartridge, kodayake a cikin sabis ɗin Jamusanci zagaye na Parabellum 9 × 19mm ya fi kowa. Saboda matsanancin matsin lamba, yin amfani da harsashi na Rasha a cikin bindigogin Mauser na Jamus na iya haifar da lalacewa, kuma ana shawarce su da ƙi.. 

Interarms sun sayar da yakin duniya na biyu-ragi na Tokarevs na Rasha a Turai da Amurka a matsayin Phoenix. Suna da sabbin riko na katako tare da zane na phoenix kuma an lika masa hatimin INTERARMS akan ganga. Daga baya dokokin bindiga sun hana sayar da su saboda rashin tsaro. [abubuwan da ake bukata]

A cikin 1949, an samar da bambance-bambancen shiru. Na musamman, mai yin shiru yana haɗe da ganga maimakon ganga da kanta. Haɗin nauyin mai kashewa tare da nunin faifai yana hana hawan keken motsa jiki na aikin, yana tilasta mai amfani ya sake zagayowar shi da hannu kamar yadda makaman aikin famfo suke. Daga baya za a maye gurbinsa da bindigar PB a 1967.

## Harkokin waje
An maye gurbin TT-33 da bindiga mai lamba 8, 9 × 18mm Makarov PM a 1952. Samar da TT-33 a Rasha ya ƙare a 1954, amma kofe (lasisi ko akasin haka) wasu ƙasashe ma sun yi. A wani lokaci ko wani, mafi yawan 'yan gurguzu ko na Tarayyar Soviet sun yi bambancin bindigar TT-33.

### China

An kwafi bindigar TT a China a matsayin *nau'in 51*, *nau'in 54*, *M20*, da *TU-90* . 

Norinco, Jama'ar 'Yancin Army ta jihar makamai masana'anta a kasar Sin, kerarre wani kasuwanci bambance-bambancen na Tokarev bindiga chambered a cikin mafi kowa 9 × 19mm Parabellum zagaye, da aka sani da *Tokarev Model 213*, kazalika a cikin asali 7.62×25mm caliber caliber. .

Samfurin 9mm ya ƙunshi kama mai aminci, wanda ba ya nan akan bindigogin hannu na TT-33 da Rasha ke samarwa. Bugu da ƙari, Model 213 yana fasalta ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙwasa na bakin ciki, sabanin ainihin nau'ikan fa'ida na Rasha. An nuna samfurin 9mm tare da toshe rijiyar mujallar da aka ɗora a bayan mujallar da kyau don karɓar nau'in mujallu na 9mm ba tare da gyaran firam ba.

Samfurin Norinco a cikin samarwa na yanzu ba ya samuwa don siyarwa a Amurka saboda haramcin shigo da bindigogi na kasar Sin, kodayake tsofaffin bindigogin hannu na Model 213 da aka shigo da su a shekarun 1980 da 1990 sun zama ruwan dare gama gari. Norinco yanzu yana yin NP-17, wanda aka sabunta, bambancin sautuna biyu akan Model 213.

7.62×25mm ammo shima ba shi da tsada kuma ana samarwa a cikin gida ko shigo da shi daga China, wanda Norinco ya yi.

### Hungary

Hungary ta mayar da TT don harba 9 × 19mm Parabellum a matsayin *M48*, da kuma wani nau'in fitarwa na Masar wanda aka sani da *Tokagypt 58* wanda 'yan sanda ke amfani da shi sosai a can.  Tokagypts sun bambanta da ainihin Tokarevs ta hanyar lever aminci na waje wanda za'a iya tsunduma cikin yin ado da aminci tare da matsayar guduma. Ta hanyar canza ganga da mujallu zuwa sassa na TT na asali, ana iya yin tsarin canjin caliber cikin sauƙi (bayan harbi-hujja a cikin ƙasashen da ke da alaƙa da CIP ).

Masar, duk da haka, ta soke yawancin odar Tokagypt da bindigogi masu kama da PP da aka kera a Hungary; wadanda a lokacin ake sayar da su a kasashen Yamma, kamar Tarayyar Jamus ta wancan lokacin, inda Hege ke shigo da ita.

### Koriya ta Arewa
Koriya ta Arewa ta kera su a matsayin *Nau'in 68*  ko *M68* . 

### Pakistan

Har yanzu ana kera bindigogin TT na doka da ba bisa ka'ida ba a masana'antun Khyber Pass na Pakistan daban-daban. 

### Poland
Poland ta samar da nasu kwafin kamar yadda *PW wz.33*, kerarre daga 1947 zuwa 1959.  A tsakiyar 50s wani nau'in horo na PW wz. 33 da aka halitta, chambered a .22lr kira *TT Sportowy* . Duk waɗannan bindigogin an canza su ne tsakanin 1954 zuwa 1958 daga bambance-bambancen 7.62mm ta hanyar canza ganga da cire kullun kulle daga zamewa.

Bugu da ƙari, an ƙirƙiri Radom M48 a cikin Radom, Poland a matsayin wani ɗan ƙaramin kwafin TT33 da aka gyara.

### Romania
Romania ta samar da kwafin TT-33 a matsayin *TTC*, ko *Tokarev Cugir* da kyau a cikin 1950s. Waɗannan an yi su don siyarwar kasuwanci da yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Koyaya, don a shigo da shi cikin Amurka, an ƙara tsaro mai toshewa. 

### Vietnam
K54 kwafin TT-33 ne.  An sabunta sigar da aka fi sani da K14-VN Factory Z111 ce ta yi, kuma tana da ƙarin ƙarfin zagaye 13, tare da riko mai faɗi don haɗa mujallu mai tarin yawa .   An fara bincike da haɓakawa a cikin 2001.  K14-VN ya fara ganin sabis tare da sojojin PAVN a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 2014. 

Sunan masana'antar don K54 na yau da kullun da K14-VN ana kiransa **SN7M** da **SN7TD** . 

### Yugoslavia (Serbiya)

Zastava yana samar da ingantacciyar sigar TT-33 da aka tsara *M57* .

M57 yana da tsayin riko kuma yana da tsayin mujalla mai zagaye 9 (a kan zagaye 8 a TT). Hakanan ana yin sigar 9 × 19mm ta Zastava wanda aka keɓe *M70A* da kuma ƙaramin sigar  .

Zastava ke kera karamar bindigar M70 (aka *Pčelica* ("kananan kudan zuma") ya dogara da ƙirar TT a cikin 7,65mm Browning ( .32 ACP ) ko 9mm Kratak ( .380 ACP ).

Tun daga 2012, M57A, M70A da M88A an riga an shigo da su cikin Amurka ta Century International Arms, amma Zastava Amurka ta maye gurbinsu.  

## Amfani
Jirgin TT-33 yana ci gaba da aiki a cikin sojojin Bangladesh da Koriya ta Arewa a yau, yayin da 'yan sanda a Pakistan har yanzu suna amfani da bindigar TT a matsayin hannun riga, ko da yake ba a hukumance ba, saboda ana maye gurbinta da 9 na zamani.&nbsp;mm Beretta da SIG Sauer bindigogi. A kasar Sin, bindigar TT-33 kuma a wasu lokuta ana ba da ita ga rundunar 'yan sanda masu dauke da makamai da sojojin ' yantar da jama'a da sunan Nau'i 54. 

Tokarev, da kuma bambance-bambancensa a cikin 9mm, sun shahara saboda sauƙi, ƙarfi da daidaito. 

## Masu amfani

 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin makaman Rasha
* Teburin bindigar hannu da harsashin bindiga

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje