Mary Louise Brown

**Mary Louise Brown** (a shekara ta 1868  zuwa  9 ga watan  Maris,shekara ta 1927) likita ce kuma malama wadda ta sadaukar da fiye da shekaru 25 na rayuwarta wajen bauta wa al’ummar bakar fata a Washington D.C. Brown ita ce mace bakar fata ta farko da ta samu mukamin likitan yaƙi lokacin da ta shiga **[[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]]** a shekarar 1918 a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. Brown ta kammala karatu daga Howard University College of Medicine, inda ta haɗa aikin koyarwa a makarantun sakandire na bakar fata da makarantu na koyar da malamai tare da aikin likitanci, sau da dama tana bayar da kulawar lafiya kyauta.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Brown a shekara ta 1868 a Baltimore, Maryland kuma ya girma a cikin iyali tare da wasu 'yan uwa takwas. Mahaifinta, John Mifflin Brown ya kasance bishop a cikin Ikilisiyar Episcopal ta Methodist ta Afirka . Kamar yadda aka sauya shi akai-akai zuwa majami'u daban-daban kuma ya shiga cikin kafa cibiyoyin ilimi da zamantakewa daban-daban a Kudu, iyalin sukan sauya sau da yawa. Yaran sun kasance "masu basira"  kuma sun girma cikin ruhun sake gina yakin basasa. Sabbin dama ga 'yan Afirka na Afirka sun tashi, kuma tare da' ƴan uwanta maza da mata, Mary Brown ta nemi sana'a. 

A cikin shekarun 1880, Brown ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Normal don 'yan mata masu launin fata a Washington DC, wanda, kamar yadda yake tare da kowane Makarantar Normal na lokacin, ya ba da damar fara koyarwa a makarantun birnin. Brown ya fara koyar da Turanci a makarantar sakandare a cikin al'ummar Black ta birnin.

## Ayyukan likita
Yayinda yake koyarwa a rana, Brown ya halarci azuzuwan maraice a Jami'ar Black Howard ta tarihi. Ta kammala karatu daga sashen al'ada na jami'ar; sannan, ta bi sawun dan uwanta John Mifflin Jr, Brown ta halarci kwalejin likita daga shekara ta 1894 zuwa shekarar 1898.  Ta kammala karatun digiri na shekarar 1898 ta samar da 32 M.D., uku daga cikinsu mata ne.   A cikin wani "motsi" motsi a lokacin ga mata masu launin fata, Brown ya ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu, yana tafiya zuwa Scotland don kammala darussan a Jami'ar Edinburgh a shekara ta 1899 da shekarar 1900.

Bayan ta dawo Washington DC Brown ta zauna a shekarar 1813 Vermont Avenue NW,  inda za ta zauna har zuwa mutuwarta.  Brown ya haɗu da aikin likita da koyarwa, koyarwa da safe da kuma yin aikin likita da yamma. Ta ba da kanta sama da shekaru 25 na rayuwarta wajen hidima ga al'ummar Black na Washington DC .  A lokacin, digiri mai zurfi ya sami malamai mafi girma. A cikin yanayin Brown, digiri na likita ya ba ta damar sauyawa daga malamin makarantar sakandare na Turanci zuwa malamin kimiyya a makarantar al'ada, wanda ya haifar da karuwar albashi - daga $ 650 a kowace shekara zuwa $ 1000 a kowace shekara, ($ 20,100 da $ 31,000 bi da bi a cikin dala na shekarar 2020.

### Hukumar Red Cross
A lokacin yakin duniya na, a watan Fabrairun shekarar 1918, Brown ya sami kwamiti don shiga Red Cross a Faransa. Ta tafi Faransa a ranar 1 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1918 don kula da sojoji da suka ji rauni. Kwamitin ga Brown da sauran mata sun kasance daga Ƙungiyar Mata ta Likita ta Amirka (AMWA) da Ƙungiyar Mata na Ƙasar Amirka (NAWSA). An lura da nadin Brown a kafofin watsa labarai a duk faɗin ƙasar a matsayin kwamishinan kiwon lafiya na soja na farko da aka ba wa mace baƙar fata. A cikin  shekara ta 1918, Red Cross da Sojojin Amurka sun ba da umarni game da mata 80, biyu daga cikinsu, ciki har da Brown, mata ne masu launi. A lokacin, kungiyoyin mata sun ba da shawarar irin waɗannan ma'aikatan su karɓi bayanan aikin soja (kamar yadda ya saba ga likitocin soja na wasu ƙasashe da ke cikin Yaƙin Duniya na I). Koyaya, wannan ƙoƙari bai yi nasara ba, kuma a mafi yawan lokuta, gami da Brown, ba a karɓi irin waɗannan bayanan ba.

## Ayyukan zamantakewa da gwagwarmaya
Brown ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Black al'ummar Washington DC, sau da yawa tana ba da gudummawa ga ayyukan kiwon lafiya. Ta kasance cikin hulɗa tare da manyan kungiyoyin mata na ranar, gami da AMWA da NAWSA, waɗanda suka yi kira ga kwamishinan Brown na lokacin yaƙi a shekara ta 1918. Ta kuma kasance tana hulɗa da Katherine D. Tillman na Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Launi ta Kasa kuma daga baya tare da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Ci gaban Mutanen Launi.

## Mutuwa
Brown ta mutu a gidanta a shekara ta 1813 Vermont Avenue NW a ranar 9 ga watan Maris,shekara ta 1927, tana da shekaru 59.  An bayyana mutuwarta a matsayin "ba zato ba tsammani".  An binne ta a Kabari na Woodlawn a ranar 12 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1927. 

## Dubi kuma
*John Mifflin Brown
*Katherine D. Tillman
*Howard University
*Normal School for Colored Girls

## Manazarta