Satumba shekara ta 2022 'Yan ƙasar Iran sukayi zanga- zanga

Rikicin farar hula da zanga-zangar adawa da Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran da ke da alaƙa da mutuwar Mahsa Amini (Persian) a hannun 'yan sanda ya fara ne a ranar 16 ga Satumba 2022 kuma ya ci gaba zuwa 2023, amma a farkon shekara ta 2023, zanga-zambe sun ragu sosai,   a ƙarshe sun bar jagorancin siyasa ba tare da canzawa ba kuma sun kafu sosai a cikin iko. An bayyana zanga-zangar a matsayin "ba kamar duk wata kasa da ta gani ba",  "babban kalubale" ga gwamnati,  da kuma "mafi yawan tawaye",  tun lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci a 1979.

Mahsa Amini ta kama ta a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2022 saboda zargin keta dokar hijabi ta Iran ta hanyar sanya hijabi "ba daidai ba" yayin da take ziyartar Tehran daga Saqqez. A cewar shaidu, jami'an Guidance Patrol sun yi mata duka sosai (kungiyoyin Iran sun musanta hakan).  Daga baya ta fadi, an kwantar da ita a asibiti kuma ta mutu bayan kwana uku. Yayin da zanga-zangar ta bazu daga garin Amini na Saqqez zuwa wasu biranen da ke cikin Kurdistan ta Iran da kuma ko'ina cikin Iran, gwamnati ta amsa da yaduwar kashe-kashen Intanet, ƙuntatawa a duk faɗin ƙasar kan amfani da kafofin watsa labarun,   iskar hawaye da bindiga.   

Kodayake zanga-zangar ba ta kasance mai kisa kamar waɗanda suka faru a cikin 2019 ba (lokacin da aka kashe sama da 1,500),  sun kasance "a duk faɗin ƙasar, sun bazu a cikin ɗakunan zamantakewa, jami'o'i, tituna  makarantu". [and] Akalla mutane 551, ciki har da kananan yara 68, an kashe su sakamakon shigar gwamnati cikin zanga-zangar, har zuwa 15 ga   . Kafin Fabrairu 2023 lokacin da aka gafarta wa mafi yawan, an kama kimanin 19,262 a fadin akalla birane da garuruwa 134 da jami'o'i 132. [bayanin kula da 3]  

## Tarihi

### Yanayin mata da Jamhuriyar Musulunci
Daga cikin manyan ka'idojin Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci na Iran na 1979 shine buƙatar hambarar da mulkin mallaka na Iran mai adawa da Islama, mai zalunci da ikon kasashen waje. Daular Pahlavi ta zamani, wadda Reza Shah ya kafa a farkon karni na ashirin (1925), ta sanya ingantaccen kula da mata a tsakiyar aikinta don inganta Iran. Reza Shah ya haramta sanya hijabi a cikin jama'a kuma ya shigar da mata zuwa jami'o'i. A lokacin mulkin magajinsa da dansa Mohammad Reza Shah, an ɗaga ƙuntatawa kan sanya hijabi amma an ba mata damar yin zabe, an ba su izinin shiga majalisa, kuma "sun sami ƙarin haƙƙoƙi a cikin aure". [Littafi na 4]

Juyin Juya Halin ya soke haƙƙin doka da Pahlavi Shahs suka ba mata, ya cire ƙuntatawa kan haƙƙin maza ga auren mata da yawa da auren yara, kuma ya sauya haramcin Reza Shah akan hijab don yin cikakken rufe gashin mata a cikin jama'a tilas. An sauƙaƙa aiwatar da dokar da ba a yarda da ita ba a lokacin 2013-2021 na shugaban kasa mai matsakaici Rouhani, amma ya kara tsanantawa a ƙarƙashin magajin Rouhani, shugaban kasa mai tsananin gaske Ebrahim Raisi . 

### Yunkurin zanga-zangar karkashin Jamhuriyar Musulunci
Masu zanga-zangar Mahsa Amini sun riga sun kasance da wasu zanga-zambe na siyasa / zamantakewa / tattalin arziki a Iran, a cikin 1999, 2009, 2011-2012, 2019-2020, da kuma zanga-zaye game da hijabi na tilas a cikin 2017-18. Kwanan nan sun kasance jerin zanga-zangar a cikin 2019, "Bloody Aban" (Persian: آبان Chunین, wata daya kusa da Nuwamba a cikin Kalandar Iran), wanda ya haifar da karuwar 50-200% a farashin man fetur. Kamar zanga-zangar Mahsa Amini, wadannan zanga-zambe sun yi kira ga hambarar da Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Musulunci da Babban Jagora Ali Khamenei.

An bayyana murkushewar gwamnati a kan zanga-zangar a matsayin "mai tsanani"  da kuma "mai kisa".

## Manazarta