Lighthiser v. Trump

***Lighthiser v. Trump*** kara ne mai alaka da muhalli da sauyin yanayi da aka shigar a watan Mayun 2025 a kotun gundumar Amurka ta kungiyar Amintattun Yara ta Amurka a madadin matasa 22 masu kara, suna neman soke wasu umarnin zartarwa na Shugaban Amurka Trump wanda ya fifita makamashin burbushin sama da makamashi mai sabuntawa da kuma kimiyyar yanayi.   A cikin Oktoba 2025, wata kotun gundumar Amurka ta yi watsi da karar saboda rashin ikon  yayin da ta yarda da tasirin sauyin yanayi a kan yara. 

## Tarihi da tarihi
A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, 2024, Kotun Koli ta Montana ta amince da hukuncin kotun gundumar don tallafawa masu shigar da kara a Held v. Montana .  Da yake fassara kundin tsarin mulkin jihar Montana, kotun da aka gudanar ta yanke hukuncin cewa wata doka ta Montana "ta keta haƙƙin Matasa masu shigar da kara ga yanayi mai tsabta da lafiya kuma ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a fuskarta". A ranar 29 ga Mayu, 2025, an shigar da Lighthiser a kotun gundumar tarayya a Butte, Montana, mil 68 (109  daga wurin da aka gudanar a Helena. Masu shigar da kara 22 na Lighthiser, masu shekaru 7-25, sun haɗa da masu shigar da kara goma daga karar da aka shigar,  da wasu daga cikin masu shigar da karar a *[[Juliana v. Amurka]]* wanda aka sallame shi saboda rashin tsayawa kusan shekaru goma bayan an shigar da shi. 

Kotu ta Lighthiser da aka kira wadanda ake tuhuma, Shugaba Donald Trump, sakataren ministoci da yawa  da hukumomin zartarwa da yawa,  suna cewa suna shiga cikin wuce gona da iri ba bisa ka'ida ba.  Masu shigar da kara sun yi jayayya cewa uku daga cikin umarni Trump "sun kai hari kan makamashi mai tsabta da kimiyyar yanayi - kara girman gaggawa na yanayi" da kuma keta haƙƙin Kwaskwarima ta Biyar ga rayuwa da 'yanci. [Lura 1] Musamman, masu shigar da kara suna magana ne game da umarnin zartarwa na Trump wanda ya ayyana "gudu na makamashi na kasa", haɓaka samar da "makamashi na Amurka", da sake ƙarfafa "kyakkyawan Masana'antar kwal mai tsabta ta Amurka". 

Wata sanarwa ta gwamnatin Trump a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 2025 ta tabbatar da cewa "mutane na Amurka sun fi damuwa da tattalin arziki da tsaron kasa na al'ummomi masu zuwa" kuma cewa "al'ummomi na gaba bai kamata su biya lissafin don ajanda na yanayi na hagu ba". Ma'aikatar Shari'a da masu shiga tsakani daga gwamnatocin jihohi 18 da Guam sun nemi a sallami shari'ar.

## Ka'idodin Shari'a
Kotu ta Lighthiser ta yi jayayya cewa Trump ya yi fiye da ikon da ya ba shi bisa doka () don "yantar da" gurɓataccen man fetur da kuma "raunin" Hukumar Kare Muhalli, don "ƙare" Binciken Yanayi na Kasa da Majalisar ta ba da umarni, "rarrafawa, hanawa da kuma sharewa" kimiyya a shafukan yanar gizo na gwamnati, da kuma keta ka'idar da aka kirkira. : shafi na biyu. ii da 95-118.:pp. ii and 95-118.

Lighthiser shari'ar tarayya ce da ke dogaro da ka'idoji a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, don haka ba za ta iya dogaro da haƙƙin kundin tsarin mulkin Montana ga "yanayin tsabta da lafiya" wanda ke haifar da nasarar da aka gudanar ba. Ba kamar *[[Juliana v. Amurka]]* ba wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ba tare da nasara ba - don tilasta gwamnatin tarayya ta canza tsarin makamashi na ƙasar, masu shigar da kara na Lighthiser kawai suna neman soke umarnin zartarwa na Trump. [Lokaci 1]

Dole ne masu shigar da kara su tabbatar da cewa an cutar da su, cewa umarnin Trump ne ya haifar da cutar ("bincike"), kuma kotun tana da ikon magance wannan cutar ("rashin lafiya").  Ganin cewa an sallami *Juliana* a wani bangare saboda rashin sake dawowa (rashin iyawar kotun ta tilasta karɓar manufofin yanayi na tarayya), masu shigar da kara na Lighthiser kawai sun nemi kotun ta bayyana umarnin zartarwa na Trump ya zama keta haƙƙin rayuwa da 'yanci ba bisa ka'ida ba. Ka'idodin ganowa da sake dawowa sun tayar da tambayoyi game da rabuwa da iko tsakanin rassan gwamnatin Amurka.

## Hukuncin
Bayan sauraron kwana biyu a watan Satumba,   a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2025, Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Montana, Butte Division, ta ba da shawarar Trump na watsar da karar saboda rashin iko. Da farko, umarnin kotun ya yarda cewa "masu shigar da kara sun gabatar da shaidar da ta fi dacewa cewa yanayin yana canzawa da sauri" kuma cewa "rikodin ya kara nuna cewa canjin yanayi da fallasawa daga man fetur na burbushin halittu suna gabatar da gaggawa na lafiyar yara". Umurnin ya ci gaba da bayyana cewa yayin da "hakika yana cikin damuwa da ainihin lalacewar da canjin yanayi ya gabatar da kuma kalubalanci tasirin [dokokin zartarwa] akan hayakin carbon dioxide, wannan damuwa ba ta ba shi ikon yin aiki ta atomatik... [kuma hakan] tare da wannan fahimta a zuciya, Kotun ta kammala da rashin son rai... cewa ba za ta iya ba masu shigar da taimako da suke nema ba". Kotun ta yi amfani da abin da ya gabata a cikin *[[Juliana v. Amurka]]* a cikin yanke hukuncin cewa kotun ba za ta iya gyara cutar da masu shigar da kara suka samu ba, tana lura da rashin yiwuwar buƙatar kotun ta sake duba duk wani aikin da ya shafi yanayi bayan rantsar da Trump. Kotun ta bayyana cewa, a maimakon haka, dole ne a yi shari'ar "masu shigar da kara" don gyarawa ga rassan siyasa ko masu jefa kuri'a. "

Da yake nuna farin ciki nan da nan bayan hukuncin, Babban Lauyan Montana Austin Knudsen ya bayyana lamarin a matsayin bukatar "masu shigar da kara" don tilasta wa Gwamnatin Trump ta koma ga manufofin Biden marasa ma'ana da marasa mashahuri" kuma a matsayin "wani gwaji ne kawai wanda masu gwagwarmayar yanayi suka shirya wadanda suka ɓata kuɗin mai biyan haraji". Our Children's Trust ya ce yana shirin neman gagarumin roko zuwa Kotun daukaka kara ta tara.

## Yanayi da tasiri
Wasu malaman shari'a sun ce "babu wani yanke shawara na kotun Amurka da ya kai har zuwa wannan wuri" a bayyane ya amince da tasirin canjin yanayi a kan yara, kuma cewa umarnin da alƙalin ya rubuta ya ba da "cikakken jagora don tsara shari'o'in da za su iya shawo kan ƙalubalen da wannan ya fuskanta". Sabanin haka, wani masanin ya bayyana haɗarin shari'a cewa roko na iya haifar da yanke shawara mai ƙarfi a kan masu shigar da kara wanda Kotun Koli ta Amurka za ta iya tabbatar da shi, yana shafar ƙalubalen ga umarnin shugaban kasa gabaɗaya.

## Manazarta