open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bikin Bayyanawa

**Bikin Bayyanawa** Bikin kiɗa ne a Sweden ga mata, wadanda ba na binary da masu canza launin fata ba. Ya dauki matsayi na farko a Gothenburg a ranar 31 ga Agusta zuwa 1 ga Satumba 2018 kuma yana da niyyar gudanar da shi a kowace shekara. Masu shirya bikin sun bayyana cewa za a gudanar da bikin "ba tare da maza ba",  a aikace ma'ana bikin ne kawai ga mutanen da ke mata, wadanda ba na binary ba ko masu canza launin fata. Yankin bayan fage na bikin an yi masa lakabi da "man-pen" (Swedish: ) ta masu shirya bikin, dangane da masu fasaha maza, manajoji da membobin ƙungiyar masu zane-zane waɗanda galibi za su zauna a can. Ga baƙi akwai iyakar shekaru 18.

## Tarihi
Tunanin "bikin da ba shi da mutum" ya fito ne daga mai wasan kwaikwayo Emma Knyckare bayan bukukuwa da yawa a cikin lokutan da suka gabata kamar Bråvalla Festival da We Are Sthlm suna da matsala tare da fyade da cin zarafin jima'i tsakanin masu halartar bikin. Ta gabatar da ra'ayin a kan Twitter kuma yawan martani mai kyau da ta samu ya ƙarfafa ta shirya taron. A cikin 2017 wani kamfen na Kickstarter ya tara kimanin Yuro 50,000 don shirya bikin.   Kimanin ƙarin masu shirya 30 sun shiga cikin watanni masu zuwa. A cikin wata hira da aka yi da shi a watan Satumbar 2017, masu shirya taron sun tattauna cewa sun hayar lauyoyi don samar da shawara game da doka game da daidaito na maza da mata.

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2018, Emma Knyckare ta kara da burin dogon lokaci ga bikin: don buɗe bikin kuma ga dukkan maza. Bikin ya sami 200,000 kronor a cikin tallafin jihar daga Majalisar Fasaha ta Sweden a cikin 2018 . 

Daga cikin masu zane-zane da aka yi rajista sune Frida Hyvönen da Dolores Haze,  Maxida Märak, Radula, Beatrice Eli,  Ionnalee da ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Burtaniya Girlschool.  Masu wasan kwaikwayo Nour El-Refai och Josefin Johansson suma za su bayyana.

## Nuna bambanci
A watan Yulin 2018, mai kula da daidaito na Sweden ya fara bincike kan ko masu shirya suna karya dokokin da ke hana nuna bambanci bisa ga jinsi. Masu shirya taron sun amsa wa mai gabatar da nuna bambanci cewa an ba da izinin shiga maza da ba na jima'i ba. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018, mai kula da daidaito ya yanke hukuncin cewa rashin maraba da maza da ba masu canza launin fata ba tare da kiran bikin "mutumin da ke da 'yanci" ya zama Nuna bambancin jinsi.

## Manazarta


## Haɗin waje

* Shafin gidan hukuma na bikin  a Turanci
Harshen Lara'

**Lara**' (wanda kuma ake kira **Luru**, **Berkati**, **Bakati**, **Bekatiq**, Bekatiʼ Nyam-Pelayo, **Bekati' Kendayan**, da **Rara Bakatiʼ**) yare ne da wasu mutane sama da  19,000 ke magana a Borneo, a bangaren Indonesiya (West Kalimantan)  da Malaysian (Sarawak) na tsibirin. Yawancin bayanai game da shi an tattara su ne ta ƙungiyoyin mishaneri na Kirista daban-daban.

## Manazarta
Harshen Bakumpai

**Bakumpai** yare ne na Austronesian wanda ke cikin yarukan Barito na Yamma. Kimanin mutane 100,000 ne ke magana da shi (ƙungiya daga Mutanen Dayak) da ke zaune a tsakiyar Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Ƙungiyoyin kabilanci na makwabta sune Mutanen Banjar, mutanen Ngaju, da Mutanen Ma'anyan. Don haka akwai babban kamanceceniya da harsunan makwabta (75% tare da Ngaju, 45% tare da Banjar). Bugu da kari, yaren Berangas wanda ke cikin haɗari yana da kama da Bakumpai, mai yiwuwa yare ne.

## Kwatanta ƙamus
Wadannan sune kwatancen ƙamus tsakanin yarukan Bakumpai da Ngaju da ke da alaƙa da juna, da kuma Indonesian da fassararsa zuwa Turanci.

## Manazarta
Harshen Bambam

**Bambam** (kuma: **Pitu Ulunna Salu**) yare ne na  kasar Austronesian na Yammacin Sulawesi, Indonesia . Ana magana da shi a cikin gundumomin Mambi da Tabang na Mamasa Regency, kuma a cikin gundumar Matangnga na Polewali Mandar Regency .  Tare da Aralle-Tabulahan, Ulumanda', Pannei da Dakka, Bambam na cikin yarukan Pitu Ulunna Salu, waɗanda suka zama karamin yanki a cikin reshen Arewa na Kudancin Sulawesi.

## Fasahar sauti

## Manazarta
Liam Ó Briain

**Liam Ó Briain** (16 Satumba 1888 &#x2013; 12 Agusta 1974) kwararre ne a harshen/yaren Irish kuma ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa.

An haife shi a North Wall, Dublin a matsayin **William O'Brien**, ya ɗauki sha'awar harshen Irish tun yana ƙarami kuma yayin da yake a Makarantar O'Connell ya fara amfani da sigar Irish na sunansa. Ya kuma halarci tarurruka na Gaelic League, sannan ya halarci Kwalejin Jami'ar Dublin (UCD) kan tallafin karatu, inda ya karanci Faransanci, Ingilishi da Irish, ya samu BA da MA. 

UCD ta yanke shawarar fara bayar da tallafin karatu na shekara-shekara don  balaguro a 1911, kuma Ó Briain ya ci nasara ta farko, ta amfani da shi don ziyartar Jamus da karatu a ƙarƙashin Kuno Meyer da Rudolf Thurneysen. Bayan shekaru uku, ya dawo gida, inda ya koma Gaelic League kuma ya fara koyar da Faransanci a UCD. Ya kuma shiga cikin 'Yan Agaji na Irish sannan, a shekara mai zuwa, Seán T. O'Kelly ya rinjaye shi ya shiga 'Republican Irish Brotherhood. 

A lokacin Ista Rising, Ó Briain ya ga aiki tare da Sojojin Jama'ar Irish.  Ya zo cikin rikici tare da kwamandansa, Michael Mallin, yayin da yake so ya bi dabarun ba tare da brigade na Dublin da aka "kwance a cikin birni ba". Duk da haka, Mallin ya soke shi kuma ya nace su mayar da hankali kan ɗaukar Dublin Castle.  Ya shafe watanni biyu a gidan yari, shida kuma a wani sansanin horarwa kafin a sake shi don gano cewa an kore shi daga aikinsa, amma da sauri ya sami digiri na Farfesa a cikin harsunan Romance a Jami'ar Galway (UCG). 

A kusa da wannan lokacin, Ó Briain ya shiga Sinn Féin, kuma bai yi nasara ba ga jam'iyyar a Mid Armagh a babban zaɓen Irish na shekarar 1918, yana samun kuri'u 5,689. Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya kai, a kaikaice, zuwa wani hukuncin kurkuku. A lokacin da aka sake shi, an naɗa shi a matsayin alkali a cikin tsarin kotunan jamhuriyar da ba bisa ka'ida ba a lokacin, kuma ya ziyarci Faransa da Italiya don kokarin samar da makamai ga Sojojin Jamhuriyar Ireland. A cikin watan Nuwamba 1920, an sake kama shi kuma an kulle shi sama da shekara guda, don haka ya ɓace ƙarshen Irish War of Independence. A lokacin da aka sake shi, an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Anglo-Irish; ya goyi bayan hakan, kuma bai sake shiga cikin ayyukan tsageru ba. 

A cikin sabuwar Ireland mai cin gashin kanta, Ó Briain ya kasance farfesa a Galway. Ya kuma tsaya a zaɓen Seanad na 1925, kodayake bai yi nasara ba. Shi ne magatakardar kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo ta Taibhdhearc na Gaillimhe, kuma yana aiki a yawancin shirye-shiryensa, kuma ya ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo yana fassara ayyuka daga Turanci da harsunan Romance zuwa Irish. Ya tsaya ya zama shugaban UCG a shekarar 1945, amma ba a zaɓe shi ba, kuma a shekarun 1940 da 1950 ya fi shahara da yawan fitowa a talabijin da rediyo. 

A ranar 1 ga watan Satumba 1921 ya auri Helen Lawlor. Iyayen ma'auratan shine ɗan jaridar Eibhlín Ní Bhriain. 

## Manazarta
Gearóid Ó Cairealláin

**Gearóid Ó Cairealláin** (Oktoba 1957 - 20 Disamba 2024) ɗan gwagwarmayar Irish ne na harshen/yaren Irish wanda aka yaba da taka rawar gani wajen haɓaka harshen Irish a Arewacin Ireland da Jamhuriyar Ireland, musamman a Belfast West. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Cairealláin a watan Oktoba 1957.  Ya fito ne daga Belfast West, inda ya halarci Makarantar Grammar Brothers na St Mary's Christian Brothers, Belfast. A can ne ya fara sha'awar yaren Irish. 

Bayan ya bar makaranta, ya yi aiki a muƙamai daban-daban na limamai amma ya ƙara ƙwazo a ƙungiyoyin harsunan Irish da yawa. Ya kafa littafin mako-mako *Preas an Phobail*, wanda ya samo asali zuwa jaridar Irish ta yau da kullun a cikin shekarar 1984. Ya kasance memba wanda ya kafa *Aisling Ghéar*  ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta harshen Irish, Raidió Fáilte  gidan rediyon harshen Irish, da Cultúrlann McAdam Ó Fiaich  cibiyar al'adun harshen Irish akan titin Falls, Belfast.

Ya taimaka wajen kafa Meánscoil Feirste wanda ya zama Coláiste Feirste, makarantar sakandare ta Irish-medium a Belfast. 
 

Daga shekarun 1995 zuwa 1998, ya kasance shugaban kungiyar bayar da shawarwari kan harshen Irish Conradh na Gaeilge.

A cikin shekarar 2006, ya yi fama da bugun jini wanda ya zama gurgu daga kugu zuwa ƙasa amma ya ci gaba da ba da shawarar yaren Irish.

Ó Cairealláin kuma ƙwararren mawaki ne. Shi ne mahaifin Naoise Ó‌ Cairealláin aka Móglaí Bap, memba na ƙungiyar Kneecap.  

Ó Cairealláin ya auri Bríd Ó Gallchoir kuma yana da yara uku.  Ya mutu a Asibitin Royal Victoria a Belfast a ranar 20 ga watan Disamba 2024, yana da shekaru 67. 

## Manazarta
Harshen Banda (Maluku)

**Banda** yare ne na kasar  Austronesian na Ƙungiyar Maluku ta Tsakiya . Tare da Kei, yana ɗaya daga cikin harsuna biyu na Tsibirin Kei a lardin Maluku na Indonesian.

Da farko, ana magana da yaren Banda a Tsibirin Banda har zuwa yakin basasar Holland a 1621, lokacin da aka kashe kusan dukkanin mazauna 'yan asalin ƙasar, aka bautar ko kuma aka tura su gudun hijira. Wadanda suka tsira daga yakin sun sami mafaka a tsibirin Kei Besar, inda har yanzu ana amfani da yaren a ƙauyukan *Banda Elat* da Banda Eli.

## Fasahar sauti

## Manazarta
Tre Borràs Cabacés

**Teresa Borràs Cabacés** (Reus, Spain, 25 de julio de 1958), wadda aka fi sani da **Tre Borràs** ko Dr. Tre, likitan kwakwalwa ce ta Mutanen Espanya, masaniyar ilimin halayyar dan adam, marubuciya da bincike, ƙwararriya a cikin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da dogaro da kuma amfani da kwayoyi.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar 'yancin kai ta Barcelona, Borràs ta fara aiki a Asibitin Jami'ar "*"Santa Joan de Deu"*" na Reus, wani birni mai matsakaici a Lardin Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain). Ta ba da umarnin sabis na kiwon lafiya da amfani da kwayoyi da Asibitin ya shirya tsakanin shekarar 1984 da 2023, kuma ta tsara shirin aiki na gari kan kwayoyi (Pla d'accions sobre drogues) tsakanin 2004 da 2023. 

An san Borràs da hanyar da take amfani da ita ga amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da dogaro, da kuma gabatar da ayyukan Rage lahani da yawa:

* Bude ɗaya daga cikin shafukan allura na farko a Turai, a cikin 1999,
* Halitta Cibiyar sadarwar tallafi (ARSU, Associació Reus Som Útils), 
* Saita shirye-shiryen allura da allura a cikin kantin magani, da na'urorin rarrabawa,
* Gwajin asibiti kan amfani da al'adun gargajiya na Afirka na psychedelic Ibogaine don maganin dogaro da opioid,  tare da hadin gwiwar Cibiyar Nazarin Ethnobotanical, Bincike da Tushen Sabis, 
* Halin jinsi a cikin martani ga lafiyar kwakwalwa,  amfani da kwayoyi na nishaɗi  da rikice-rikice na amfani da kwayoyin, gami da haɗin gwiwa tare da Metziners. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fitar shine shirin "Green Witch project" game da "amfani da wiwi ta ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na mata daga hangen nesa na cutarwa da rage haɗari", 
* Amsa ga batutuwan da suka shafi miyagun ƙwayoyi da suka haɗa bangarorin zamantakewa da na tunani,  bayan mayar da hankali na musamman kan abu da hanyoyin jijiyoyi ko na halitta, 
* Karfafa muhawara da tarurruka na jama'a  dangane da masu ruwa da tsaki daban-daban, 
* Halitta sabis na Binciken miyagun ƙwayoyi, "Isolab Reus" don nazarin miyagun ƙ ƙwayoyi  dangane da cibiyar sadarwa ta Trans-European Drug Information,
* Cire Kwayar cutar hepatitis C tsakanin mutanen da ke amfani da kwayoyi da ke halartar ayyukanta, tun daga farkon 2021.

### Cirewa da jayayya
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2023, an ba da rahoton korar Dokta Borràs a matsayin shugaban ma'aikatar asibiti da shirin aikin birni, wanda ya haifar da tuhuma game da ci gaba da tsarin kiwon lafiya da kula da jama'a da ta jagoranci a Reus. Masu ruwa da tsaki na cikin gida sun yi nazarin korar da ta yi wa Borràs a matsayin "a bayyane rashin amincewa da yanayin da ya biyo baya har zuwa yanzu".

Wani takarda da ke adawa da korar ta, da kuma neman ci gaba da ayyukan da Dr Borràs ya fara bayar da rahoton ya sami tallafi 2,000,  gami da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa kamar Harm Reduction International, International Drug Policy Consortium, ko INPUD. 

## Duba kuma

* Metziners
* Cibiyar Kasa da Kasa don Ilimi, Bincike da Sabis
* Cibiyar sadarwa ta Duniya ta Mutanen da ke Amfani da Magunguna
* Rage lahani
* Mata
* Shafin allurar da aka kula da shi
* Shirye-shiryen allura da allura

## Manazarta
Barra Ó Donnabháin

**Barra Ó Donnabháin** (1941–2003) ɗan jarida ne tare da jaridar New York Irish Echo. Muƙalolinsa na mako-mako a cikin yaren Irish mai suna *Macalla* ya yi magana game da yaren Irish da mutanensa a Ireland da Amurka.  Hilary Mhic Suibhne da Eibhlin Zurell ne suka gyara kuma suka fassara zaɓin muƙalolinsa a cikin juzu'i mai suna *Súil Siar: Cnuasach Aistí le Barra Ó Donnabháin* (2008). Ya kuma rubuta wa *Treoir*, mujallar Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann, da kuma jaridun Foinse da Saol. Zai karanta shafinsa na harshen Irish daga Irish Echo akan shirin rediyo na mako-mako *Míle Fáilte* akan WFUV.  Ya kuma koyar da Irish a ƙarshen mako, wanda Daltaí na Gaeilge ya shirya.

An haife shi a West Cork, Ireland, Barra Ó Donnabháin ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka a shekarar 1963 inda ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniyan software. 

## Barra Ó Donnabháin Darussan Tunawa
A cikin shekarar 2006, Gidan Glucksman Ireland na Jami'ar New York ya kafa Lacca na shekara-shekara Barra Ó Donnabháin don girmama ƙwaƙwalwarsa da gudummawar sa ga al'ummar Irish. Farfesa Tomás Ó hÍde ne ya ba da lacca na farko a shekarar 2006.  Samfurin masu magana na gaba a cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya sun haɗa da Éamon Ó Cuív, TD,  Padraic Ó Ciardha,  Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill,  Farfesa Alan Titley,  Dr. Louis de Paor,  Farfesa Brian Ó Conchubhair da kuma Farfesa Breandán Mac Suibhne.  

## Manazarta
Harshen Bantoanon

**Bantoanon**  ko Asi yare ne na yanki Bisayan, tare da Romblomanon da Onhan, a lardin Romblon, Philippines . Asi ya samo asali ne daga tsibirin Banton, Romblon kuma ya bazu zuwa tsibirin Sibale, Simara, da garuruwan Odiongan, San Andres da Calatrava a Tsibirin Tablas. Asi da ake magana a Odiongan ana kiransa Odionganon, Calatravanhon a Calatrava, Sibalenhon a Concepcion, Simaranhon a Corcuera, da Bantoanon a Banton. Harshen Asi ya fi kusa da harshen Visayan na Yara kamar Karay-a fiye da Cebuano da Waray

Musamman, ana magana da shi a tsibirai masu zuwa a cikin Romblon:

* Tablas: yankuna Odiongan, San Andres da Calatrava, da ke yamma da arewacin tsibirin. Yaren Odiongan yana da tasiri na waje kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin wallafe-wallafen.
* Banton, wanda ya kunshi dukan garin Banton
* Simara, wanda ya kunshi dukan garin Corcuera
* Maestre de Campo, wanda aka fi sani da Sibale, wanda ya kunshi dukan garin ConcepcionRa'ayi

Masanin harshe David Zorc ya lura cewa masu magana da Bantoanon na iya kasancewa masu magana da Bisayan na farko a yankin Romblon. Ya kuma ba da shawarar cewa Asi na iya samun asalin Visayan na Yamma kuma yawancin kalmominsa na iya rinjayar wasu harsuna kamar Romblomanon.

## Nomenclature
Duk da yake *Bantoanon* shine asalin kuma sunan da aka fi sani da shi na yaren, sunan , ma'ana 'me ya sa', ana amfani dashi musamman a cikin takardu na al'ada da na ilimi. Hukumar kan Harshen Filipino ko KWF ta ba da umarnin amfani da Ási  tare da faɗakarwa mai zurfi a kan Á, kodayake furcin asalin yana kusa da  tare da faɗin Á mai zurfi da faɗar magana mai zurfi akan ì. Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa yaren yana da wasu yaruka huɗu ban da Bantoanon: Odionganon, Calatravanhon, Sibalenhon, da Simaranhon, ana amfani da Asi a wasu lokuta maimakon Bantoanon don rarrabe tsakanin yaren da yaren da ake magana a Banton. Masu magana da yarukan da suka samo asali ta hanyar Bantoanon diaspora sun fi son Asi, ko kuma sunan yarensu kawai. A cikin magana ta yau da kullun, duk da haka, masu magana da asali galibi suna magana da yaren a matsayin *Bisaya*, kada a rikita su da wasu yarukan Bisayan.

## Sauti
Bantoanon yana da sautin sautin goma sha shida: /p, t, k, ʔ, b, d, ɡ, s, h, m, n, ŋ, l, ɾ~r, w, j/. Akwai sautuna uku: /i, a, u/ . Sautin guda uku kowannensu yana da allophones na [ɪ, e, ɛ, ə], [ʌ], [o]. /i/ ana amfani dashi koyaushe a matsayin [i] lokacin da yake a farkon da tsakiya, [e, ɛ] ana amfani dashi akai-akai lokacin da yake cikin sassan ƙarshe, [ɪ] lokacin da ke cikin sassan da aka buɗe, kuma a matsayin [ə] a cikin sassan kalma na ƙarshe bayan da aka matsa kafin /ɾ~r/. [ʌ] ana jin sa a matsayin allophone na /a/ lokacin da yake cikin sassan da aka rufe. Wasula [o] allophone ne na /u/, kuma ana jin sa koyaushe lokacin da yake cikin sassan ƙarshe. Wannan yana daya daga cikin harsunan Philippine waɗanda ba sa nuna - allophony.

## Harshen harshe

### Wakilan sunaye

### Lamba Mai Girma

Masu magana da Bantoanon sun fi son amfani da lambobin da aka samo daga Mutanen Espanya ko Ingilishi don yanayin kudi.

## Manazarta
Harshen Basap

**Basap** yare ne na Austronesian da ake magana a Borneo, Indonesia .

A cikin lardunan Kalimantan Timur da Kalimantan Utara, masu magana da Basap sun warwatse a fadin Berau, Bulungan, Kutai Kartanegara, Penajam Paser Utara, da Kutai Timur. Harsuna sune Jembayan, Bulungan, Berau, Dumaring, Binatang, da Karangan (Ethnologue).

Smith (2018)  ya yi la'akari da Basap ya zama wani ɓangare na tsohuwar hanyar haɗi na farkon siffofin yarukan Barito a gabashin Kalimantan.

## Fasahar sauti

## Manazarta
Tarlach Ó hUid

**Tarlach Ó hUid** (an haife shi **Augustus Walter Hood**; 13 Janairu 1917 - 30 Oktoba 1990) ɗan gwagwarmayar yaren Irish ne haifaffen Ingila, ɗan jarida kuma marubuci wanda ya zama memba na Sojojin Jamhuriyar Ireland a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Augustus Walter Hood a ranar 13 ga watan Janairu 1917 a kudancin Deptford, London, ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya maza uku da 'ya'ya mata biyu na mahaifinsa mai suna Augustus Walter Hood, ma'aikacin bindigogi wanda zai ci gaba da zama kafinta bayan yakin duniya na ɗaya, da matarsa, Ada Brockwell. Shi da danginsa kawai dangantakarsa da Ireland ita ce kaka, Mary Anne Martha Henry, daga Cork, amma duk da wannan 'yan uwansa huɗu za su karasa shiga Conradh na Gaeilge, tare da ɗaya daga baya ya shiga IRA da biyu sun shiga Cumann na mBan. Mahaifiyarsa Baftis ce amma yayin da Augustus ya halarci makarantar  Methodist Sunday  ya girma a matsayin memba na wannan ɗarikar. 

Hood ya ɗauki sha'awar wallafe-wallafe tun yana ƙarami, yana samun gurbin karatu zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Greenwich. Bayan karatun makaranta, Hood ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda a masana'antu da yawa kuma ya shiga Greenshirt Movement for Social Credit. Littafin *Ireland, Scenery, Character da dai sauransu, 1842* na Mr da Mrs SC Hall ya yi tasiri sosai ga Hood, kuma daga baya ya fara koyon harshen Irish daga Eugene O'Growney 's *Simple Lessons a cikin jerin Irish*, ya canza sunansa zuwa Tarlach Ó hUid kuma ya shiga reshen London na Conradh na Gaeilge shekaru uku bayan haka. Ya yi makonni biyu a lokacin bazara 1936 a Dublin kuma, yana gaskanta cewa ɗabi'a ce ga Gael ya zama Katolika, ya koma Katolika a shekarar 1937.  Daga baya Conradh na Gaeilge ya ba Ó hUid tallafin karatu a shekarar  1938 don yin hutu a Gaeltacht.

## Manazarta
Harshen Basaa

**Basaa** (kuma ana fassara *Bassa, Basa, Bissa* ), ko **Mbene**, yaren Bantu ne da mutanen Basaa da ke magana da shi a cikin Kamaru . Kimanin mutane 300,000 ne ke magana da shi a cikin Cibiyar da yankunan Littoral .

Maho (2009) ya lissafa Arewa da Kudancin Kogo a matsayin yaruka.

## Bayani da asali
Basaa masu magana da shi 230,000 ne ke magana. Suna zaune a Nyong-et-Kelle (Yankin Tsakiya) da Sanaga Maritime (ban da Edéa commune, wanda ke da yawancin Bakoko ) da mafi yawan gundumar Nkam ( Yankin Littoral ). A yammaci da arewa na wannan sashin, ana magana da yarukan Basaa na gefe: Yabasi a cikin gundumar Yabassi, Diɓuum a cikin gundumar Nkondjok (Diboum Canton), arewacin Ndemli da Dimbamban .

Hakazalika, Basaa Baduala ana kuma magana da shi a Sashen Wouri (Yankin Littoral), yankin Basaa na gargajiya wanda ake canza shi ta hanyar ci gaban Douala . Hakanan ana samun Basaa a Sashen Océan (kwamiyyar Bipindi, Yankin Kudu).

Hijuk ana magana ne kawai a cikin kwata na Niki a cikin Batanga commune, a cikin Yangben Canton (Ch. Paulian (1980)) ta mutane 400. Hijuk yaren Basaa ne, duk da wurin da yake a kudu maso gabas na gundumar Bokito (sashen Mbam-et-Inoubou, Yankin Tsakiya). 

## Ilimin sauti

### Wasula

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

* Lokacin da ba tushen-farko ba kuma ba bayan tsayawa ba, mara murya yana tsayawa  ana gane su azaman tsayawar murya ko muryoyin muryoyin murya.

### Sautin
Basaa ya bambanta sautuna huɗu: babba, ƙasa, babba-zuwa ƙasa (faɗuwa) da ƙananan-zuwa sama (tashi).

## Rubutun Rubutu
Harshen yana amfani da haruffan tushen Latin, tare da ƙarin haruffan Ɓɓ, Ɛɛ, Shang, Ɔɔ, multigraphs goma, da kuma m, kabari, da lafazi mai ɗaci : 

Ana iya amfani da Macron da ƙamus na caron don sanya sautin alama a cikin ayyukan tunani, misali ƙamus na Pierre Emmanuel Njock.

## Manazarta

## Kara karantawa
*

*
Harshen Batak Simalungun

**Simalungun**, ko **Batak Simalungun** , yare ne na Austronesian na Sumatra . Ana magana da shi galibi a cikin Simalungun Regency da Pematang Siantar, Arewacin Sumatra, Indonesia.

## Fasahar sauti

/b, d/ kuma na iya samun allophones [ɓ, ɗ].

Sauti /i, u, ɛ, ɔ, a/ na iya samun allophones [ɪ, ʊ, e, o, ɑ].

## Manazarta
Harshen Ngaʼka

**Harshen Ngaʼka**, ko ***Munga'ka***, wanda aka fi sani da **Bali**, yare ne na Grassfields wanda mutanen Bali Nyonga a Kamaru ke magana. Su ne zuriyar Chamba na arewacin Najeriya.

## Fasahar sauti
Sautunan *Munga'ka* sune kamar haka: 

### Lissafin ma'ana

### Lissafin wasula

## Manazarta
Harshen Bati (Indonesia)

**Bati** yare ne na kasar  Austronesian na gabashin Tsibirin Seram, Indonesia . Yana da alaƙa da Geser da Watubela . 

## Haɗin waje
Harshen Batuley

**Batuley** (Gwatle lir) yare ne da ake magana a Tsibirin Aru na gabashin Indonesia . Yana kusa da Mariri; Hughes (1987) ya kiyasta cewa kusan 80% na abubuwan ƙamus ana raba su. Sunan yaren ya fito ne daga tsibirin Gwatle (Batuley a Indonesian), wanda Batuley ke la'akari da ƙasarsu (Daigle (2015)).

## Yankin rarraba
Ana magana da Batuley a gabashin Indonesia a cikin ƙauyuka bakwai da Daigle (2015) ya lissafa a cikin rubutunsa. Wasu daga cikinsu sune Kabalsiang a Tsibirin Aduar, Kumul a tsibirin da ake kira da sunan iri ɗaya, da Gwari (Waria) a tsibirin Gwari .

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin sautin
Batuley yana da tsarin sautin biyar mai sauƙi ba tare da bambancin tsawon sautin ba (Daigle 2015).

* i
* da kuma
* u
* o
* a

 allophone ne na  da  (a wurare daban-daban).  allophone ne na  lokacin da bai sami damuwa ta farko ba. Bugu da ƙari,  da  na iya ragewa zuwa schwa a cikin magana mai sauri a wasu yanayi.

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
Daigle (2015) 

## Lexicon
Daigle (2015) 

## Manazarta
Pádraig Ó Fiannachta

**Pádraig Ó Fiannachta** (1927 - 15 Yuli 2016) ƙwararren masani ne na yaren Irish, mawaƙi kuma firist daga Kerry Gaeltacht. Wataƙila an san shi da yin fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki na Kirista zuwa harshen/yaren Irish.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Ó Fiannachta yayi karatu a Maynooth, Jami'ar College Cork da All Hallows, Kwalejin Clonliffe. An naɗa shi firist a Kwalejin All Hallows a shekarar 1953. 

Ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin firist a Wales,  inda ya zama abokin kirki na Waldo Williams, kafin ya koma Kwalejin Maynooth, inda ya zama farfesa a farkon Irish a shekarar 1960 da kuma malamin Harshen Welsh.  An naɗa shi farfesa na Irish Modern a Maynooth a cikin shekarar 1982 kuma an ba shi kyautar Douglas Hyde na adabi a shekarar 1969.&#x5B; ** &#x5D;

Ya fassara kuma ya gyara sigar Littafi Mai Tsarki na harshen Irish An Bíobla Naofa wanda aka buga a cikin shekarar 1982. 

In  (1999); Bugu na Irish/ Turanci (2005), ya kwatanta rayuwar jama'a ta Yesu kamar yadda ya rayu, ba a cikin Galili ba, amma a cikin yankin Dingle. 

Ya yi ritaya daga Maynooth a shekarar 1992, ya koma Dingle a matsayin firist na Ikklesiya. A cikin shekarar 1998 Paparoma John Paul II ya ba shi lambar *yabo*.  A cikin shekarar 2013, an mai da shi Sahabi na Order of Clans of Ireland.  A cikin shekarar 2015 an ba shi lambar yabo ta al'adun gargajiya ta American Irish Historical Society's Cultural Award. 

Ya shiga cikin al'amuran Dingle da yawa kamar *albarkar jiragen ruwa* kuma ya shiga muhawarar canjin sunan *Dingle/Daingean Uí Chúis*. 

Ya mutu a Dingle a ranar 15 ga watan Yuli 2016 yana da shekaru 89  kuma an binne shi a filin Séipéal Chaitlíona a Ventry. 

## Wallafe-wallafe

* , translated and edited by Padraig Ó Fiannachta (1982)
*  (hardcover) by Pádraig Ó Fiannachta (Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 1966)
*  (1969)
*  (1972)
*  (1973)
*  (1975)
*  (1976)
*  (1981)
*  (1987)
*  (1999)
* , Pádraig Ó Fiannachta
* *Prayers from the Irish Tradition* by Pádraig Ó Fiannachta, English translation by Desmond Forristal Columba Press (1 Jan 2000)
*  (2012)
* *Triad of poetry and stories*, written by Jane Beatrice Ejim, translated by Pádraig Ó Fiannachta.

## Manazarta
Harshen Beginci

**Beginci** yare ne na Malayo-Polynesian da ake magana a Indonesia. An kara shi zuwa ISO 639-3 a cikin 2020, bayan ya raba shi da Gerai daga Semandang . 

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje
*
Harshen Bentong

Bentong yare ne na Austronesian na Sulawesi, Indonesia, wanda ke da alaƙa da Makassarese.

## Manazarta
Harshen Bedoanas

Bedoanas ƙaramin yaren Austronesian ne na arewacin gabar tekun Bomberai . Masu magana da Bedoanas suna zaune a ƙauyukan Andamata, Fior da Furir a cikin Gundumar Arguni, Fakfak Regency .

## Manazarta
Harsunan Kei-Tanimbar

**Harsunan Kei-[[Tsibirin Tanimbar|Tanimbar]]** ƙaramin rukuni ne na yarukan Austronesian da ake magana a tsibirin Kei da Tanimbar a kudancin Tsibirin Maluku, da kuma arewacin Yankin Bomberai .  Harsunan sun hada da:

Grimes & Edwards sun kara wadannan harsuna, a baya incertae sedis, kuma sun sake sunan iyalin *Tanimbar-Bomberai*: 

* Teor-Kur
* Irarutu-Nabi: Irarutu, Kuri (Nabi) 
* Bedoanas-Erokwanas: Arguni, Bedoanas, Erokwanas

## Manazarta
Parvin Ardalan

**Parvin Ardalan** (Persian; an haife ta a shekara ta 1967 a Tehran) tare da asalin Kurdawa, kodayake ba mai magana da Kurdawa ba ne, babbar mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata ce ta Iran, marubuciya kuma 'yar jarida.  An ba ta lambar yabo ta Olof Palme a shekara ta 2007 saboda gwagwarmayarta don daidaito ga maza da mata a Iran.

## Ayyuka
A cikin shekarun 1990s Ardalan, tare da misali Noushin Ahmadi Khorasani, sun kafa Cibiyar Al'adu ta Mata (Markaz-e Farhangi-ye Zanan), wanda tun daga wannan lokacin ya kasance cibiyar samar da ra'ayoyi, nazarin da kuma rubuta batutuwan mata a Iran. [1] Tun daga shekara ta 2005 kungiyar ta buga mujallar Iran ta farko ta kan layi game da haƙƙin mata, Zanestan, tare da Ardalan a matsayin editanta. A cikin gwagwarmayar da take yi da ita game da tantancewa - mujallar ta dawo da sabon suna a kowane lokaci - jaridar ta yi magana game da aure, karuwanci, ilimi, cutar kanjamau, da tashin hankali ga mata. Tare da Noushin Ahmadi Khorasani, Ardalan ya rubuta wani littafi game da lauya mace ta farko a kasar, Mehrangiz Manouchehrian, mai taken "Sanata: Aikin Sanata Mehrangiz manouchehrian a cikin Yakin Hakkin Shari'a ga Mata". Littafin ya sami lambar yabo ta Latifeh Yarshater a shekara ta 2004.

### Kamfen ɗin Sa hannu Miliyan Ɗaya
Ardalan tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Kamfen ɗin Sa hannu Miliyan Daya,  yana ƙoƙarin tattara sa hannu miliyan ɗaya don daidaiton haƙƙin mata. A matsayin wani ɓangare na kamfen ɗin ta shiga cikin zanga-zangar da aka yi shiru da ƙarfi. A shekara ta 2007 an yanke mata, tare da Noushin Ahmadi Khorasani, hukuncin shekaru uku a kurkuku saboda "tsoron tsaron kasa" tare da gwagwarmayar kare hakkin mata. Wasu masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata hudu daga baya sun sami irin wannan hukunci.

### Kasancewa ɗan ƙasa
A cikin 2012 Hukumar Kula da Shige da Fice ta Sweden ta yanke shawarar cewa za a ba Ardalan zama na dindindin a Sweden, inda ta koma shekaru 3 da suka gabata.

## Kyaututtuka

* Kyautar Olof Palme (2007) 

## Sauran Ayyuka
Parvin Ardalan na ɗaya daga cikin membobin Cibiyar sadarwa ta Feminists for Jina, wanda aka kafa bayan tashin hankali na 'yancin rayuwar mata na ƙasar da ƙungiyar' yan gwagwarmayar mata na Iran suka fara. 

## Dubi kuma

* Yunkurin mata na Iran
* Jerin masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Bidiyo na jawabin Olof Palme Prize a youtube.com
* A kan wariyar launin fata, hira da Parvin Ardalan ta Haideh Daragahi
Harshen Boano (Maluku)

**Boano** (Buano) yare ne a  ƙasar Austronesian da ake magana a gabashin Indonesia . Ana magana da shi a tsibirin Boano, a ƙarshen yammacin tsibirin Seram

## Manazarta
Harshen Bonggo

**Bonggo**, wanda aka fi sani da **Armopa**, yare ne na Austronesian da ake magana a Gundumar Bonggo, Sarmi Regency a arewacin gabar lardin Indonesia_Papua, Indonesia .

## Dubi kuma

* Harsunan Sarmi don kwatanta da harsuna masu alaƙa

## Manazarta
Ava Knight

**Ava Michelle Knight-Salicka** (an haife ta a watan Agusta 15, 1988) ƙwararriyar ƴar damben Amurka ce. Ta rike kambun mata na IBF daga 2011 zuwa 2012 kuma ta kalubalanci gasar cin kofin duniya a sassa uku masu nauyi; taken WBC na mata super flyweight a 2009; taken bantamweight mata na WBO a 2011; da taken WBC na mata mai haske a 2013.

## Aikin dambe
Kwararriyar ƴar dambe tun 2007, Knight ta kalubalanci Ana María Torres don taken WBC na mata super-flyweight World a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta 2009 a Ciudad Deportiva, Mexicali, Mexico, da rashin nasara ta hanyar yanke shawara gaba ɗaya.  

Yunkurinta na gaba na neman kambun Duniya ya faru ne a ranar 18 ga Yuni 2011, lokacin da ta fuskanci zakaran ajin mata na WBO Kaliesha West a Sports Arena, Pico Rivera, California, Amurka. Fadan ya kare ne a canjaras inda alkali daya ya zira kwallaye 96-94 na Yamma, wani 96-94 na Knight kuma na uku ya yanke hukuncin kunnen doki 95-95.  

A ƙarshe Knight ya lashe lambar yabo ta Duniya a ƙoƙari na uku, yana ɗaukar bel ɗin mata na IBF ta hanyar fitar da zakaran kare Arely Muciño a zagaye na biyu na takarar su a Palenque de la Feria, Colima, Mexico, ranar 29 ga Oktoba 2011.  

Ta yi nasarar kare kambunta sau biyu kafin ta yi ikirarin bel din WBC flyweight na Diamond a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 2012, tare da nasara baki daya kan Mariana Juárez a Palacio de los Deportes, Mexico City, Mexico.  

A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2013, Knight ya yi ƙoƙari ya kori kambin mata mai nauyi na WBC na duniya daga Ibeth Zamora Silva amma ya sha kashi a fafatawar a Deportivo Agustín Ramos Millan, Toluca, Mexico, ta hanyar yanke shawara gaba ɗaya.  

A cikin Maris 2024, an bayyana Knight ya amince ya shiga kakar wasa ta biyu na tsarin wasan dambe na farko, Team Combat League (TCL), yana fafatawa a Las Vegas Hustle.   Ta fara wasanta na farko a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 2024, inda ta sami nasarar yanke shawara baki daya kan Rosalinda Rodriguez a Miami, Florida, Amurka. 

## Haɗaɗɗen sana'ar fasaha
Knight ta fara wasanta na farko na MMA da Shannon Goughary a Bellator 228 a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2019.  Ta yi nasara a yakin da TKO ta yi a zagaye na uku.

Knight ya fuskanci Emilee King a Bellator 238 a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 2020.  Ta yi rashin nasara ta hanyar sallamar zagayen farko. 

## WWE Tauri Isa
Knight ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasan karshe na 40 na kakar 2015 na World Wrestling Entertainment 's Tough Enough, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaskiya wanda masu son kokawa suka yi gasa don samun wuri a cikin jerin sunayen kungiyar. Ta kasance cikin mutane 10 da aka kawar a ranar farko ta gwaji da aka yi a Orlando, Florida, Amurka.    

## Ƙwararrun rikodin dambe

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Knight yana da yara biyu - ɗa da 'ya. 

## Duba kuma
 

* Jerin 'yan damben mata
* Jerin gwanayen gwanayen gwanaye na mata

## Manazarta
Karan Wahi

**Karan Wahi** (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Yunin shekara ta alif 1986) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Indiya, samfurin kuma mai watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin. An sanshi da rawar daya taka a matsayin Ranveer Sisodia a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na matasa *Remix* da Dr. Siddhant Modi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na mata na *Dill Mill Gayye* (2009-10). Ya kuma bayyana a cikin sanannun shirye-shirye dayawa. A shekara ta 2003,an zabi Wahi don buga wa kungiyar wasan kurket ta Delhi ta kasa da shekaru 19.

Wahi ya shiga cikin gaskiya tare da shiga cikin *Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 5*,Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 8 da Fear Factor - An yi shi a Indiya. Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, ya dauki bakuncin *Nach Baliye*,Indian Idol da India's Next Superstars kuma ya nuna bangarensa na ban dariya a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na *Comedy Nights Bachao* na Colors TV.  Ya fara bugawa Bollywood tare da rawar da ya taka a fim din Habib Faisal mai suna *Daawat-e-Ishq* (2014) sannan daga baya a Hate Story 4 (2018). 

## Manazarta
Harshen Sumbawa

**Sumbawarese** yare ne na Malayo-Polynesian na yammacin rabin tsibirin Sumbawa, Indonesia, wanda yake rabawa tare da masu magana da Bima. Yana da alaƙa da harsunan Lombok da Bali da ke kusa; hakika, shi ne harshen Austronesian mafi gabashin a kudancin Indonesia wanda ba ɓangare na Tsakiyar Malayo-Polynesian Sprachbund ba. Sumbawa suna rubuta yarensu tare da rubutun asali wanda aka fi sani da Satera Jontal kuma suna amfani da rubutun Latin.

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

### Sautin sautin

## Manazarta
Harshen Komering

**Komering** yare ne na Lampungic wanda mutanen Komering ke magana, ƙabilar asalin yankunan Komering kusa da Kogin Komering a Kudancin Sumatra, Indonesia .

## Wurin da yake
Ana magana da Komering a Lardin Lampung da Lardin Kudancin Sumatra a kudancin Sumatra, tare da Kogin Komering .

## Rarraba
Harshen Komering na cikin reshen Lampungic, wanda shine rukuni a cikin Iyalin Austronesian.

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
Har ila yau, ana yin amfani da /z / mai magana, amma kawai sakamakon kalmomin aro na kasashen waje.

### Sautin sautin

## Kalmomin kalmomi
Misalan kalmomin Komering na asali: 

## Harshen haruffa

A halin yanzu, Komering yana amfani da Latin a matsayin tsarin rubutu na gaba ɗaya, amma akwai kuma ƙananan mutane waɗanda har yanzu suna amfani da haruffa Jawi Larabci. An yi amfani da Rubutun Komering a zamanin d ̄ a, yanzu akwai ƙoƙari don adana wannan rubutun.

## Rubutun samfurin

### Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya 1

## Tushen

* Adelaar, Alexander, *Harsunan Austronesian na Asiya da Madagascar: Tarihin Tarihi*, Harsun Austronesian da Madagascar, shafuffuka 1-42, Routledge Language Family Series, London, Routledge, 2005,  &nbsp; 
* Walker, Dale F., Nazarin Lexical na Harsunan Lampung, Nazarin Miscellaneous a cikin Indonesian da Harsuna a Indonesia, Sashe na I (edita: John W. M. Verhaar), Nazarin Harsuna na NUSA a cikin Indonesiya da Harsunan Indonesia, Volume 1, shafi na 11-21, Jakarta, Badaneleng Penygara Seri NUSA, 1975.&nbsp;
* Walker, Dale F., A Grammar of the Lampung Language: the Pesisir Dialect of Way Lima, NUSA Linguistic Studies in Indonesian and Languages of Indonesia, Volume 2, Jakarta, Badan Penyelenggara Seri NUSA, 1976.
* Sofjan Abdurrahman, da Colin Yallop. A Brief Outline of Komering Phonology and Morphology, Miscellaneous studies in Indonesian and languages in Indonesia, Part VI (editor: Amran Halim), NUSA Linguistic Studies in Indonesian da Languages of Indonesia, Volume 7, pp. 11-18, Jakarta, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, 1979.&nbsp;

## Manazarta
Jacqueline Ki-Zerbo

**Jacqueline Ki-Zerbo** née Coulibaly (23 Satumba 1933 - 15 Disamba 2015) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata ta Mali, mai fafutuka da dimokuradiyya kuma mai fafutukaka a ci gaban Afirka. &nbsp;&nbsp;Ta shiga cikin shahararren tashin hankali na Janairu 3, 1966 inda ta jagoranci ƙungiyar mata da 'yan mata da suka yi tafiya a kan shugabancin tare da rubutun kamar "ruwa, gurasa da dimokuradiyya ga mutane."An ba ta lambar yabo ta Paul G. Hoffmann don aiki mai ban mamaki a ci gaban kasa da kasa a shekarar 1984.

## Tarihi
An haifi Ki-Zerbo ne a Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso ga Lazarre Coulibaly da Gertrude Traore . [1] Ki-Zerbo ta fara karatun sakandare a Collège des Jeunes Filles a Bamako kuma ta kammala karatun ta a École Normale de Rifisque a Dakar, Senegal . Ki-Zerbo ta sami lasisi a Turanci a Sorbonne a Paris a shekarar 1956. Ta auri Joseph Ki-Zerbo a shekarar 1956. Suna da 'ya'ya maza uku da mata biyu tare.

Ki-Zerbo ta yi aiki a matsayin malamin Ingilishi a Lycée Philippe Zinda Kaboré a Ouagadougou a 1961 kuma ta zama darakta na Kwalejin Kwalejin Matasa (tun lokacin da aka sake masa suna Nelson Mandela High School) a Ouagadogougou, har zuwa 1974, lokacin da ta yi aiki da ƙungiyar 'yan jarida ta Voices of the Teachers . A cikin shekarun 1960, ta shiga Guinea don tallafawa Ahmed Sékou Touré .  Ki-Zerbo ta shiga Makarantar Horar da Malamai ga 'yan mata a Burkina Faso a matsayin mace ta farko ta Afirka. Yayinda take can, ta tura dokar da za ta ba da damar 'yan mata masu juna biyu su ci gaba da karatunsu a makaranta.

Ki-Zerbo ya kasance mai aiki a cikin al'ummar duniya. Ta kasance mai kula da Kwamitin Dindindin na Interstate don kula da fari a cikin Sahel's Sahel Improved Housing Programme daga 1981 zuwa 1983, a lokacin da ta taimaka wajen yada ilimi game da man fetur. "Former UNIFEM Representative remembered for her pioneering work for the rights of women and girls in Africa". *UN Women*. Retrieved 2021-03-03. Ki-Zerbo ita ce Darakta ta farko ta UNIFEM a Yamma da Tsakiyar Afirka, kuma ta wakilci Yamma da Afirka ta Tsakiya a Asusun Ci gaban UNIFEM na Mata a 1987. Ta taimaka wajen jagorantar kokarin farko na al'ada jinsi a ci gaba a teburin zagaye na UNDP na Chadi. Da yake fahimtar cewa mata sun jagoranci kashi 80% na ma'aikatan gona na Sahel, ta karfafa gwamnatocin kasa da masu ba da gudummawa na duniya don samar da mata a yankin Sahel kayan aiki don shiga da cin nasara a kasuwanci da kuma zama masu hulɗa tsakanin al'ummomi da masu tsara manufofi.

Ki-Zerbo ya mutu a ranar 15 ga Disamba, 2015, a Ouagadougou . An binne ta a Toma a lardin Nayala . 

## Daraja

* 1984: Kyautar Paul G. Hoffmann don kyakkyawan aiki a ci gaban ƙasa da na duniya
* 1994: An zabi shi a matsayin daya daga cikin Maza da Mata da aka fi so a Cibiyar Nazarin Rayuwa ta Amurka.
* 2008: An yi masa ado a matsayin jarumi na National Order of Merit a cikin Arts, Letters and Communication tare da "littattafai na baki da rubuce-rubuce" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ouagadougou International Book Fair (FILO) 

## Manazarta
Harsunan Kudancin Sulawesi

Harsunan Kudancin Sulawesi wani rukuni ne na dangin yaren Austronesian. Ana magana da su da farko a lardunan Indonesian na Kudancin Sulawesi da Yammacin Sulawesi, tare da karamin aljihu a Yammacin Kalimantan (Tamanic).

## Ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi

### Rarrabawar ciki
Wannan rarrabuwa ta biyo bayan Grimes & Grimes (1987) da Ethnologue . [1]
 
Matsayin yarukan Tamanic, waɗanda ake magana a Yammacin Borneo, ba a bayyane suke ba har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na ƙarshe. Masanin harshe na Dutch K.A. Adelaar ya nuna cewa suna kusa da Buginese kuma saboda haka ana iya haɗa su a cikin ƙungiyar Kudancin Sulawesi.[3]

Zobel (2020) kuma ya rarraba Harsunan Badaic tare da Seko a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar *Seko-Badaic* a cikin reshen Kudancin Sulawesi.

**Bayani** kula: Rubutun *Italic* yana nuna cewa an dauke shi yare ne kuma ba yare daban ba.

### Matsayi a cikin Austronesian
A halin yanzu ana gudanar da bincike, ana ɗaukar yarukan Sulawesi ta Kudu a matsayin reshe na farko na rukunin Malayo-Polynesian a cikin dangin yaren Austronesian.[5]

## Tasirin Kudancin Sulawesi a cikin Malagasy
Adelaar (1995) ya ba da shawarar cewa ƙamus na Malagasy, kusa da asalinsa da aka gada daga Barito da kalmomin aro daga Malay, suma sun ƙunshi kalmomi da yawa waɗanda suka fito daga asalin Kudancin Sulawesi.[6] Blench ya gabatar da ƙarin shaida (2018). [7]

## Sake ginawa
 
Mills ya sake gina Proto-South Sulawesi (PSS) (1975a, 1975b). [8][9]

### Fasahar sauti

#### Sautin sautin

Sautin Proto-South-Sulawesi *ɨ yana nuna Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (PMP) *ə. a adana shi ne kawai a cikin B*u*, a cikin duk sauran harsuna galibi ya zama a (amma a wasu yanayi ma i, u, e,*da kuma* da wuya *o*). [10]

Babban tushen wasula na tsakiya sune PMP *-iq/*-ay, wanda ya zama *e, da *-uq/*-aw, wanda ya kasance *o, misali.[11]

: PMP  > PSS  'white'
: PMP  > PSS  'dead'
: PMP  > PSS  'torch'
: PMP  > PSS  'knife'

## Manazarta
Harsunan Murutic

Harsunan Murut iyali ne na rabin dozin da ke da alaƙa da Harsunan Austronesian, waɗanda Murut da Tidung ke magana a yankunan arewacin Borneo.

## Harsuna
Harsunan Murutic sune (Lobel 2013): 

* **Murut da ya dace**

Timugon Murut da Tagol Murut

* **Harsunan Murut**

Keningau Murut, Beaufort Murut (Binta"), Tabalunan / Serudung Murut, Selungai Murut, Sembakung Murut , Okolod, Bookan, Tanggala Murut, Paluan, Agabag / Ringalan Murut.

* **Harshen Tidung**

Burusu, Kalabakan, Nonukan Tidong, Sesayap Tidong

Tagol Murut ana amfani dashi kuma yawancin mutanen Murut suna fahimta.

Lobel (2013:360) ya kuma lissafa harsunan Abai Sembuak, Abai Tubu, da Bulusu (duk ana magana da su kusa da garin Malinau a Arewacin Kalimantan) a matsayin harsunan Murutic. A gefe guda, Abai Sungai, wanda ake magana a gabashin Sabah, yare ne na Paitanic.

### Lobel (2016)
Lobel (2016) ya rufe harsunan Murutic masu zuwa, gami da Tidong:

* Tatana
* Papar
* Murut Nabaay
* Ganaʼ
* Murut Timugon
* Murut Paluan
* Murut Tagol
* Kolod
* Western Tingalan
* Eastern Tingalan
* Murut Kalabakan
* Abai Sembuak
* Abai Tubu
* Bulusu
* Tidung Bengawong
* Tidung Sumbol
* Tidung Kalabakan
* Tidung Mensalong
* Tidung Malinau

## Sabbin abubuwa
Lobel (2013:367) ya lissafa wadannan sababbin abubuwa na Murutic.  (Lura: PSWSAB yana tsaye ne don Proto-Southwest Sabahan, yayin da PMP ke tsaye ne don proto-Malayo-Polynesian.) 

* PMP / PSWSAB *R > *h / __ V (sai dai bayan *ə, inda ya riga ya canza zuwa *g a cikin PSWSAA). Daga baya, Proto-Greater Murutic *h > Ø ya faru a duk yarukan 'ya'ya ban da Papar.
* PMP/PSWSAB *R > *g / __ #
* PMP/PSWSAB *aw > *ow; *ay > *oy
* PMP/PSWSAB *iw > *uy
* PGMUR *g- > Ø bayan prefix na adjectival *ma-
* PMP/PSWSAB *ə > *a a cikin kalmomin da ba na ƙarshe ba, sai dai a cikin yanayin *_Cə, inda aka nuna shi a matsayin /o/

## Manazarta
Harshen Tsou

Tsou (Cou) yare ne na a kasar Austronesian da Mutanen Tsou na Taiwan ke magana. Tsou yare ne mai barazana; duk da haka, wannan matsayin ba shi da tabbas. Masu magana da shi suna cikin tsaunuka na yammacin tsakiyar kudu maso gabashin yankin Chiayi / Alishan a Taiwan.[1]

## Sunan
Sunan *Tsou* a zahiri yana nufin "mutum", daga Proto-Austronesian *Cau ta hanyar sauye-sauyen sauti na yau da kullun. Saboda haka yana da alaƙa da sunan Thao.

## Rarraba
Tsou a al'adance an dauke shi wani ɓangare na reshen Tsouic na Austronesian. Koyaya, yawancin rarrabuwa na baya-bayan nan, kamar Chang (2006)  da Ross (2009)  suna jayayya da reshen Tsouic, tare da Tsou ya fi bambanci fiye da sauran harsuna biyu, Kanakanabu da Saaroa.

## Harsuna
Tsou ba shi da bambancin yare sosai. Akwai yaruka huɗu da aka rubuta: Tapangʉ, Tfuya, Duhtu da Iimcu, wanda har yanzu ana magana da Tapangʉ da Tfuya. Ba a bayyana Iimcu da kyau ba. Harshen sauran yaruka uku kusan iri ɗaya ne, kuma bambancin sauti yana da iyaka: A wasu mahalli, Tapangʉ  ya dace da Tfuya da Duhtu  ko , kuma Duhtu yana da  don Tfuya le Tapangʉ/ (A zahiri, an rubuta tsofaffin masu magana don bambanta tsakanin  da , amma a wannan lokacin yaren ya mutu.Rashin amfani da shi

Ana magana da Tsou a cikin ƙauyuka masu zuwa:  Dukkanin ƙauyuka suna cikin Garin Alishan, Gundumar Chiayi ban da Mamahavana (Jiumei), wanda ke cikin garin Hsinyi / Xinyi, Gundumar Nantou. Dukansu sunayen Tsou na asali da sunayen Sinanci an ba su.

* Tapangʉ 達邦 (Dabang) 
* Nia'ucna / Nibiei 里佳 (Lijia) 
* Saviki 山美 (Shanmei) 
* Sinvi Sabuwar美 (Xinmei) 

## Manazarta
Harshen Bonda

**Harshen Bonda**, wanda aka fi sani da **Bondo** ko **Remosam**, yare ne na kudancin Munda na dangin yaren Austroasiatic da ake magana a Odisha, wanda aka sani da Kudancin Odisha, a Indiya.  Yana da masu magana 2,568, duk a Odisha, bisa ga Ƙididdigar Indiya ta 1951,  yana ƙaruwa zuwa kusan masu magana 9,000 a 2002 bisa ga SIL.

## Rarraba
Harshen Bonda yare ne na asali wanda ke cikin rukunin Kudancin reshen Munda na dangin yaren Austroasiatic .  Bonda yare ne da ake magana ba tare da tsarin rubuce-rubuce na gargajiya da aka rubuta ba. Bonda wani bangare ne na reshen Gutob-Remo, saboda kamanceceniya da Bonda ke da shi da wani Southern Munda Language mai suna Gutob . 

## Tarihi
Harshen Bonda ya samo sunansa daga kabilar Mutanen Bonda, ƙungiyar 'yan asalin da ke Odisha da aka sani da Bonda Highlanders . A cikin yarensu, mutanen Bonda suna ɗaukar kansu a matsayin "Remo", wanda ke fassara zuwa ɗan adam, kuma suna samun sunan yarensu daga wannan tushen, suna kiran yarensu a matsayin yaren ɗan adam ko "Remosam" a cikin yarensu 

## Yankin da aka rarraba
Harshen ya bambanta dan kadan, an rarraba shi bisa ga ko ana iya rarraba shi a matsayin Plains Remo (Bonda) ko Hill Remo (Bond). 

### Filayen Remo
Wannan yanki ne na Bonda, wanda ke cikin ƙauyuka 35 a duk faɗin Khairpat a cikin Gundumar Malkangiri a Odisha. A shekara ta 1941, mutane 2,565 sun rarraba Plains Remo. Wannan adadin ya kusan ninka sau biyu a 1971, tare da mutane 4,764 da ke rarraba kansu a matsayin Plains Remo. Karin yawan jama'a ba shi da alaƙa da fadada harshe. Akwai masu magana 3,500 tun daga shekara ta 2002, amma kaɗan ne kawai suke da yare ɗaya.

### Hills Remo
Wannan yanki ne na Bonda, wanda ke cikin yankin Jeypore Hills na Odisha .  Akwai masu magana 5,570 tun daga shekara ta 2002.

## Fasahar sauti

### Damuwa
A cikin Bonda, ana sanya matsin lamba na farko a kan sashi na ƙarshe a cikin kalma, sashi tare da diphthongs, tsayawar glottal, ko ƙididdigar ƙididdiga. Koyaya, Plains Remo da farko yana jaddada syllable na biyu a cikin kalma. Kalmomin Bonda na iya samun matsakaicin sashi 5.

### Diphthongs
Ana sanya diphthongs ko dai a farkon ko tsakiyar kalma, yawanci ana amfani dashi a hadewar nau'ikan wasali daban-daban guda biyu.

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
Akwai ƙwayoyin 33 a cikin harshen Bonda.

### Kalmomin dangi

## Manazarta
Harshen Aralle-Tabulahan

**Aralle-Tabulahan** yare ne a kasar  Austronesian wanda ke cikin Ƙungiyar Kudancin Sulawesi . Ana magana da shi a Mamasa Regency, West Sulawesi, Indonesia . 

Aralle-Tabulahan yana da manyan yaruka uku: Aralle, Tabulahan da Mambi . Sau da yawa ana ɗaukar yaren Mambi a matsayin mafi banbanci daga cikin yarukan uku kuma ana ganinsa a tsakiyar bakan tsakanin yarukan Aralle da Tabulahan da yaren Bambam mai alaƙa.

## Manazarta
Harshen Campalagian

**Kampalagian** * (Koneq-Koneq'e) * yare ne na kasar Austireliya  da ake magana a Yammacin Sulawesi, Indonesia . Yana da alaƙa da Bugis.

## Manazarta
Harshen Sigulai

**Harshen Sigulai** (wanda kuma ake kira Sibigo, Sikule, Ageumeui, ko Wali Banuah) yare ne a kasar Austronesian da ake magana a tsibirin Simeulue a yammacin gabar Sumatra a Indonesia . [1] Yana cikin reshen Malayo-Polynesian na yarukan Austronesian. Sikule yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Arewa maso Yammacin Sumatra-Barrier Islands, waɗanda ƙananan rukuni ne na Yammacin Malayo-Polynesian .

Ana magana da Sikule a gundumar Salang, Alafan da Simeulue_Barat" id="mwJQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Simeulue Barat">Simeulue Barat, a arewacin tsibirin Simeulue . A bayyane yake yana da alaƙa da yaren Nias. Ethnologue ya lissafa *Lekon* da *Tapah* a matsayin yaruka.

Ana magana da **Simeulue** a sauran Simeulue a wajen Alafan, yayin da ake magana da Jamu (wanda ake kira *Kamano*), wanda ke da alaƙa da Minangkabau, a babban birnin Sinabang.

## Fasahar sauti
Ana nuna wasula da ma'anar ma'anar Sikule a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa.

* Harshen Simeulue

## Manazarta
Yaren Coastal Konjo

**Coastal Konjo** yare ne na kasar  Austronesian na Sulawesi, Indonesia, wanda ke cikin reshen Makassaric na Kudancin Sulawesi . Ana magana da shi a bakin tekun a kusurwar kudu maso gabashin Sulawesi a cikin regencies na Sinjai, Bulukumba da Bantaeng .  Yana da alaƙa da, amma ya bambanta da Highland Konjo, wanda kuma yana cikin yarukan Makassaric.

## Fasahar sauti
Abubuwan da ke biyowa sun dogara ne akan Friberg & Friberg (1991). 

Ana gane wasula  a matsayin [ə] kafin nasals.

Sai kawai [ŋ] da [ʔ] zasu iya bayyana a matsayi na ƙarshe. Kalmomi tare da  na ƙarshe,  ko  ƙara sautin murya, misali   'mai laushi'.

## Harshen harshe
Wakilan sirri a cikin Coastal Konjo suna da nau'i mai zaman kansa guda ɗaya, da nau'o'i uku.

## Manazarta
Harshen Kirikiri

**Kirikiri** (Kirira), ko **Faia** (bayan yarukanta guda biyu), yare ne na na kusa da tekun  Plain na Irian Jaya, na kasar  Indonesia . Ana magana da shi a ƙauyukan Dofu Wahuka da Paniai . 

## Fasahar sauti
Kirikiri ba shi da ma'anar ma'anar da yawa, amma akwai ma'anar al'anar da da yawa, kamar a cikin: :

Kirikiri, kamar Doutai, yana da manyan wasula masu suna iʼ da **uʼ**. Akwai sautuna 7: 

## Manazarta
Harshen Dakka

**Dakka** yare ne na kasar Austronesian da ke cikin haɗari  bacewa ne  Sulawesi, Indonesia . Ana magana da shi a gundumar Wonomulyo ta Polewali Mandar Regency, kuma yana cikin reshen Arewa na Kudancin Sulawesi . 

## Manazarta