open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Harsunan Tsakiyar Plateau

**Harsuna ashirin na Tsakiyar Plateau** wani reshe ne na dangin Plateau da ake magana a tsakiyar Najeriya . Tyap (ko Katab) yana da sama da masu magana sama da 200,000, kuma Jju (ko Kaje) na kusa yana da sama da 300,000. Hyam (ko Jabba) yana da wani 100,000. Cori ya shahara da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan harsuna masu matakan sauti shida, kodayake uku ne kawai ake buƙata don rubutu.

## Rabe
Harsunan Plateau ta Tsakiya rukuni ne na kusa da ke da alaƙa da yawa; duk da haka, har zuwa wani matsayi ragowar rukuni ne kuma yana iya zama sprachbund . Ana ɗaukar rarrabuwa mai zuwa daga Blench (2008). Bambance tsakanin Arewa Plateau da sauran Plateau ta Tsakiya yana yiwuwa amma ga alama yanki ne; Gerhardt (1994) ya ce sun kasance tare.

Kowace harsashi mataki na biyu harshe ɗaya ne ko tarin yare kuma a fili yana da inganci. Koyaya, yawancin ƙungiyoyin matakin farko (Hyamic, North Plateau, Gyongic, Koro) ba su da tabbas kuma ana iya ci gaba da bita.

* Rigwe (Irigwe)
* Izeric
** Izere : NE & NW Izere, Cèn, Ganàng
** Fəràn (Firan) - yana da alaƙa da Izere a sarari
* Tyapic
** Tyap (Katab): Tyap *dace*, Gworok, Takat (Attakar), Tyecha̱rak (Kacecere), Sholyia̱ (Sholio), Fantswam (Kafanchan), Tyuku
** Jju (Kaje)
* Hyamic
** Kori (Kyoli)
** Dangana
** Hyam (Jabba): Hyam na Nok, Sait, Dzar; kila Yaat, Ankun shima ya rabu
** Shamang
** Zhire (An sake fasalin Shang Zhire)
* Koro
** Koro : Ashe, Begbere-Ejar
** Yeskwa (Nyankpa)
** Idun, Gwara
* Gyongic
** Gyong (Kagoma)
** Nghan (Kamantan)
* Plateau Arewa (Arewa maso Yamma)
** Adara (Eda, Edra)
** Kuturmi
** Kulu (Ikulu)
** Idon
** Doka
** Iku (Iku-Gora-Ankwe)

Blench (2018) ya raba harsunan Plateau ta Tsakiya zuwa rukunin *Plateau na Arewa maso Yamma* wanda ya ƙunshi Eda/Edra, Acro-Obiro (Kuturmi), Kulu, Idon, Doka, Iku-Gora-Ankwe, da yankin *Yamma-Tsakiya Plateau* wanda ya ƙunshi yanki Rigwe, Tyapic, Izeric, Hyamic, Koro, da ƙungiyoyin Gyongic. 

Yawancin harsuna, ciki har da Jju, an riga an rarraba su a matsayin ɓangare na ƙungiyar *Kudancin [[Zariya]]* a cikin rarrabuwa na farko. 

## Sunaye da wurare
A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen harshe, yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019). 

## Bayanan kafa
Harsunan Gabashin Plateau

**Gabas** ko **kudu maso gabashin Filato** rukuni ne na "mai yiwuwa" na harsunan Filato guda uku da ake magana da su a Najeriya . Fyam da Horom suna da alaƙa; alaka da Barkul (Bo-Rukul) sun fi samun matsala.

## Sunaye da wurare
A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen harshe, yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019). 

## Bayanan kafa
Yaren Garig-Ilgar

**Ilgar**, wanda aka fi sani da **Garig-Ilgar** bayan yarukansa guda biyu, yaren Iwaidjan ne da aka taɓa magana a cikin Yankin Cobourg Peninsula, a kusa da Port Essington, Yankin Arewa.

## Fasahar sauti

### Lissafin ma'ana

Ba kamar yawancin harsunan Australiya ba, Ilgar ba shi da lamino-alveolars.

### Sautin sautin
Evans (1998) ya tattauna a takaice sautuna a cikin takarda yana lura da cewa harsunan Iwaidjan ciki har da Ilgar suna da sautuna uku (/a/, /i/, /u/) tsarin da ya dace da yawancin harsunan Australiya.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yaren Ninzic

Dozin ko makamancin **harsunan Ninzic** reshe ne na dangin Plateau da ake magana a tsakiyar Najeriya .

## Rabewa
Akwai ƙananan bayanai akan harsunan Ninzic, kuma ba a bayyana cewa duk waɗannan harsunan suna da alaƙa ba. Blench (2008) ya lissafo harsuna masu zuwa, wanda ya ninka na Greenberg 1963 ("Plateau IV"). Ba a rarraba su baya ga wasu fayyace gungu na yare.

: Ce (Che, Rukuba), Ninzo (Ninzam), Mada, Ninkyop (Kaninkwom)–Nindem, Kanufi (Anib), Gwantu (Gbantu), Bu-Ninkada (Bu), Ningye, Nungu, Ninka, Gbətsu, Nkɔ

kuma watakila Ayu .

## Sunaye da wurare
A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen harshe, yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019). 

## Manazarta
Harsunan Kudancin Plateau

**Harsunan Plateau ta Kudu**, wanda aka fi sani da **Jilic – Eggonic**, ana magana da su a tsakiyar Najeriya . Eggon yana da masu magana 150,000 da Jili (Lijili, Mijili) watakila 100,000.

## Rabewa
Jilic (Koro) da Eggonic ƙungiyoyi ne masu inganci a bayyane. An gabatar da haɗin haɗin su a cikin Blench (2006, 2008).
 
Ƙarin harsuna biyu, Koro Nulu (aka Koro Ija) da Koro Zuba (wanda aka fi sani da "Ija-Zuba") Koro na ƙabila ne. Koyaya, suna da ƙarancin kamanni na ƙamus da juna (~ 7%), kuma Koro Zuba aƙalla ya bayyana ya zama yaren Nupoid .

## Sunaye da wurare
A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen harshe, yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019). 

## Nassoshi
Harsunan Tarokoid

**Harsunan Tarokoid** guda biyar reshe ne na dangin Plateau da ake magana a tsakiyar Najeriya, arewa da tsakiyar tsakiyar kogin Benue . Tarok da kansa yana da masu magana 300,000, tare da Pe da Sur kusan 5,000 kowanne. Yangkam yana cikin hatsari sosai, wanda kusan tsofaffi hamsin ne ke magana.

Harsunan Tarokoid sun yi tasiri sosai ga harsunan Ron da kuma daga baya Ngas, amma ba sauran harsunan Chadic ta Yamma na Tel, Goemai, Mupun, da Mwaghavul . Yawancin kalmomin da aka aro sun fito ne daga Tarok zuwa Chadic, ko da yake a wasu lokuta ma kalmomin Chadic ana aro su cikin Tarok. A yau, Tarok ya kasance babban yare na yankin kudancin Filato na Najeriya. 

## Rabewa
Harshen kawai tare da mahimman bayanai shine Tarok . An sanya Pe (Pai) a rassa daban-daban na Filato, kuma kwanan nan aka ƙara Kwang (Kwanka), amma yanzu ya bayyana a fili cewa harsuna biyar masu zuwa suna tare. Rarraba da ke ƙasa yana biye da Blench (2004). 
 

## Sunaye da wurare
A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen harshen Tarokoid, yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019). 

## Sake ginawa
Siffofin Proto-Tarokoid da aka sake ginawa ta Longtau (2016): 

## Manazarta
Mehdi Ben Attia

**Mehdi Ben Atia** darektan fina-finan Tunisiya, marubucin fim kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a birnin Tunis a shekarar 1968, Ben Atia ya yi karatu a Lycée Gustave Flaubert a La Marsa, Tunisia, kuma a shekarar 1993 ya sami digiri na *Diplôme d'études na Faransa ya sami* digiri a fannin zamantakewa a Jami'ar Sorbonne da ke Paris. Sa'an nan kuma ya juya zuwa marubucin fim, sau da yawa tare da haɗin gwiwar, da jagorancin fina-finai da jerin talabijin don tashoshin Faransanci, misali *H* (don Canal Plus ), *Sami* (sauku uku, M6 ), da *Flag Groupe* (sau biyu, Faransa 2 ). Fim ɗinsa na farko na *Le Fil* ( *The String*, labarin soyayya na ɗan luwaɗi ) ya buga Claudia Cardinale da Salim Kechiouche. Ya fito a cikin fina-finai huɗu.  

## Fina-finai
Fina-finan Ben Atia sun haɗa da: 
  

## Kyauta
Fina-finan Ben Atia sun sami kyautuka biyu da Ayyanawa uku, da suka haɗa da:

## Manazarta
Harsunan Yukubenic

**Harsunan Yukubenic** (ko **harshen Oohum** )  reshe ne na dangin Jukunoid ko kuma dangin Plateau da ake magana a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya . Glottolog ya sanya Yukubenic a cikin dangin Plateau.  *Ethnologue*, duk da haka, yana sanya Yukubenic a cikin dangin Jukunoid,  bisa Shimizu (1980), kuma Blench kuma yana bin wannan rarrabuwa. 

## Rabewa
Harsunan Yukubenic sune:

* Bata, Lufu
* Kapya
* Afudu
* Akum, Beezen –Baazem
* Yukuben (Uuhum Gigi)

## Sunaye da wurare
A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen harshe, yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019). 

## Nassoshi
Yaren Mandaya

**Mandaya** yare ne na Austronesian na Mindanao a cikin Philippines . Yana iya zama mai fahimta tare da Mansaka.

## Yankin rarraba
Ethnologue ya ba da rahoton cewa ana magana da Mandaya a cikin Manay, Caraga, Baganga, da Cateel na lardin Davao Oriental, da kuma lardin Dagao del Norte.

## Iri-iri
Ethnologue ya lissafa nau'ikan Mandaya masu zuwa.

* Carraga Mandaya
* Cateeleño
* Manay Mandayan
* Mandaya
* Cataelano
* Karaga
* Sangab
* Mangaragan Mandaya

Pallesen (1985)  ya lissafa nau'ikan Mandaya masu zuwa.

* Kabasagan
* Caragan
* Boso: ana magana ne kawai a cikin ƙasa daga Mati, Davao OrientalMati, Davao ta Gabas
* Maragusan
* Mandaya Islam (ko Kalagan Piso): ana magana a gabashin gabar Davao Gulf kai tsaye a gabashin Davao City, a Davao del Norte.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harshen Marka

Harshen **Marka**, yare ne na Manding na Yammacin Afirka, ana magana da shi a arewa maso yammacin Burkina Faso .

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harsunan Mba

**Harsunan Mba** guda huɗu sun samar da ƙaramin iyali na yarukan Ubangian da suka warwatse a arewacin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Harsunan su ne

* Na (A-Ma-Lo) 
* Dongo
* Mba
* Ndunga

Mafi yawan jama'a shine Mba kanta, tare da kimanin masu magana 40,000. Na ita ce mafi banbanci. Harsunan M guda huɗu ba su da alaƙa da juna kuma suna nuna bambancin ƙamus.

## Tattaunawar harshe
Mba sun sami tasiri mai mahimmanci daga Bantu zuwa kudu, da kuma daga yarukan Zande zuwa arewa. Misali, wasu yarukan Mba kamar Ndunga sun karɓi sunayen farko da yawa daga yarukan Bantu da ke kusa (Pasch 1986, 1987, 1988).

## Rarrabawar ciki
Rarrabawar cikin gida ta Mba bisa ga Pasch (1986): 

; Mba

* A-Ma-Lo
* Ndunga-Mba-'Dongo
** 'Dongo-ko
** Ndunga-Mba
*** Ndunga-le
*** Mba-ne

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Kaouther Ben Hania

**Kaouther Ben Hania** kuma ya rubuta **Kaouther Ben Henia** ko **Kaouther Benhenia** (   ; an haife shi a shekara ta 1977) darektar fina-finan Tunisiya ce.  An zaɓi fim ɗinta na 2017 *[[Beauty and the Dogs|Beauty da Dogs]]* a matsayin shigarwar Tunisiya don Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Harshen Waje a lambar yabo ta 91st Academy. Fim dinta na 2020 *Mutumin da Ya Siyar da Fatansa* An zabi shi don Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Fim na Duniya a Kyautar Kwalejin 93rd. Fim ɗinta na 2024 ' *Ya'ya Mata huɗu* an zaɓi shi don Mafi kyawun Tsarin Takardun Takaddar a Kyautar Kwalejin 96th. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa

AAn haifi Kaouther Ben Hania a Sidi Bouzid. Ta yi kkaratu a Ecole des Arts et du Cinéma (EDAC) a Tunisia, sannan ta yi kkaratu a La Fémis da Sorbonne a pParis. 

## Fina-finai

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
Yaren Kayan (Borneo)

**Kayan** (Kajan, Kayan dacewa) gungu ne na yare wanda mutanen Kayan Borneo ke magana. Tarin yaruka ne masu alaƙa da iyakacin fahimtar juna, kuma ita kanta wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar Kayan-Murik na harsunan Australiya.

Baram Kayan yaren kasuwanci ne na gida. Bahau na cikin, amma ba Kayan kabila ba ne.

## Rabewar ciki
Glottolog v4.8 classifies the Kayan dialect cluster as follows:

## Fassarar sauti
Mai zuwa ya dogara ne akan yaren Baram:

### Consonants

*  can be heard as either a tap  or a trill  in free variation.
*  can be heard as  when in free fluctuation with [k] in word-medial position.
*  can be realized as more fronted  when preceding high vocoids.
*  may also be heard as a palatalized stop  in free fluctuation.
*  may also be heard as  in free variation, and may also fluctuate to a stop sound .

### Wasula

* An faɗi tsayi [Vː] yana faruwa a cikin bambance-bambancen kyauta ko a matsayi na ƙarshe.
*  ana iya ji kamar  a matsayi na farko ko na tsakiya, ko kuma a cikin bambance-bambancen kyauta tare da  .
*  Hakanan ana iya jin kamar  a matsayin tsaka-tsakin kalma.
*  ana iya ji kamar  kafin tsaka-tsaki ko na ƙarshe  ko  .
*  ana iya ji kamar  lokacin kafin a  ko , ko kuma cikin canji da  .
Yaren Mbre

**M**Bre**** ko Pere, wanda aka sani da *Pεrε* a tsakanin kansu kuma kamar *Bεrε* ta hanyar Koro mai rinjaye a cikin gida, wanda kuma ake kira Pre da Bre, yare ne mai mutuwa na Ivory Coast.

An fara kwatanta shi a cikin rubutun da Denis Creissels ba a buga ba. Jeffrey Heath da Brahima Tioté ne suka buga nahawu, ƙamus da rubutu.

## Halin zamantakewa
Ana magana da Pere a ƙauyen Bondosso - kuma a cikin Niantibo - ba da nisa da birnin Bouaké, Ivory Coast . Har zuwa kwanan nan kuma ana magana da shi a ƙauyen Kouakoudougou . Masu iya magana jigo ne na *numu* (maƙeran) a cikin Mande.

Tana da masu magana guda 30 a cikin 2019 daga cikin ƙabila 700 a cikin shekara ta 2000.

Masu magana suna canzawa zuwa yaren Manding na maƙwabta, kuma harshen yana da adadi mai yawa na kalmomin lamuni na Manding..

## Rabewa
Mbre ba ya cikin kowane reshe na gargajiya na dangin harshen Nijar-Congo . Ba shi da kari na fi'ili ko azuzuwan sunaye na harsunan Atlantic–Congo. Roger Blench yana zargin yana iya samar da reshe na kansa, kodayake watakila ba ya da nisa da harsunan Kwa .

## Fassarar sauti
Sashen sauti na ƙasa an samo shi daga Heath & Tioté (2019).

Akwai sautuna guda biyu, a /H/ da /L/, amma ta hanyar wayar /L/ ana iya gane su azaman tsakiyar sautin yayin da wani /L/ ya biyo baya. Yin amfani da sautin nahawu ya haɗa da banbance tsakanin cikakkiyar fuska da mara kyau.

Akwai halaye guda bakwai na wasali, tare da bambancin ATR a tsakiyar wasulan, amma babu jituwar wasali. Duk bakwai ɗin na iya zama dogo ko gajere, hanci ko na baki. /CVɾV/ yana nufin an gane shi azaman [CəɾV] ga kowane ɗan gajeren wasali.

Ƙididdiga na baƙon ma na yau da kullun ne na yanki, tare da tazarar /h/ da /ʔ/.

Bugu da ƙari, akwai wayoyi /l/, /ɾ/, /w/, /j/. /CjV/ da /CwV/ suna faruwa.

## Nahawu
Sunaye suna da "cikakkiyar" suffix /a/ wanda ke bayyana a ƙarshen jumlar suna kuma a cikin sigar ambato. Tsarin kalma shine SVOX. Akwai fi'ili na jumla tare da matsayi .

## Manazarta

## Kara karantawa

* Blench, Roger. 2010. *[http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Isolates/Bere%20wordlist.pdf Bɛrɛ: yaren Cote d'Ivoire wanda ba a sani ba] .* *Ware Harshe a Afirka.* *Lyon, Disamba 3-4, 2010.*
* Heath, Jeffrey. 2019. Pere lexicon. https://zenodo.org/record/3354193#. Y5dr-8HMJmo
* Heath, Jeffrey da Brahima Tioté. 2019. Nahawun Pere (Bere, Mbre) na Cote d'Ivoire. Laburaren Tarihin Tarihi na Harshe. https://zenodo.org/record/3346581#. Y5drTcHMJmo
Faouzi Bensaïdi

**Faouzi Bensaïdi** (  ; an haife shi ranar 14 ga watan Maris 1967), darektan fina-finan Morocco ne, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin fim kuma mai fasaha. An nuna fim ɗinsa *[[A Thousand Months|na Watanni Dubu]]* a cikin sashin Un Certain Regard a 2003 Cannes Film Festival. 

A cikin 2007 da 2009 ya shiga cikin Arts a Marrakech Festival yana nunawa da tattaunawa game da fina-finansa da shigarwa. 

A shekara ta 2011, fim ɗinsa na *[[Death for Sale]]* ya fito a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na Toronto a watan Satumba. An zaɓi fim ɗin a matsayin shigarwar daga Moroccan don Mafi kyawun Harshen Waje Oscar a 85th Academy Awards, amma bai sanya jerin sunayen ƙarshe ba. 

## Tasiri
Bensaïdi ya shiga cikin bugu na 2022 na zaɓen fina-finai na *Sight &amp;amp; Sound*, wanda ake gudanarwa duk shekara 10 don tunawa da mafi girman fina-finai na kowane lokaci tare da sanya su cikin tsari. Daraktoci da masu sukar duka suna ba da fina-finai 10 da suka fi so a kowane lokaci don kaɗa kuri'a; Bensaïdi ya zaɓi *Citizen Kane* (1941), *8½* (1963), *Arewa ta Arewa maso Yamma* (1959), *Zamani na Zamani* (1936), *Ran* (1985), *Lokacin wasa* (1967), *Raging Bull* (1980), *The Godfather* (1972), *Le Samouraï* (1967), *da Bout de souffle* (1960). 

## Fina-finan da aka zaɓa
* *[[Mektoub]]* (1997)
* *[[A Thousand Months]]* (2003)
* ** (2006)
* *[[Death for Sale]]* (2011)
**[[Volubilis (2017 film)|Volubilis]]* (2017)
**Sofia* (2018)

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
Harsunan Mel

**Harsunan Mel** reshe ne na harsunan Nijar–Congo da ake magana da su a Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Saliyo, da Laberiya . Mafi yawan jama'a shine Temne, mai magana da kusan miliyan biyu; Kissi na gaba, da rabin miliyan.

## Harsuna
A al'adance an rarraba Mel a matsayin babban reshen kudancin reshen yammacin Atlantic na Niger-Congo. Duk da haka, waɗannan yanayi ne na ƙasa da na rubutu maimakon ƙungiyoyin asali; Segerer (2010) ya nuna cewa babu wata dangantaka ta musamman tsakanin Mel da sauran harsunan kudanci, Sua (Mansoanka) da Gola . 
 
Fields (2004) ya raba Mel zuwa ƙungiyar tsaunuka waɗanda suka samo asali daga Guinea, da kuma ƙungiyar Bullom-Kisi-Gola . .
 
Filaye (2008:83) ya ba da shawarar cewa ƙasar Proto-Mel tana cikin tsaunukan arewa-tsakiyar tsaunuka na Saliyo kawai zuwa kudancin kogin Karancin Scarcies, maimakon bakin teku. Ƙasar Proto-Highlands tana tsakiyar tsakiyar kogin Konkoure a Guinea, zuwa arewa maso gabashin Conakry (Fields 2008: 85). 

## Kwatankwacin ƙamus
Kwatanta ainihin kalmomin ƙamus a cikin harsunan Mel daga Filaye (2004): 

 Kwatanta ainihin kalmomin ƙamus a cikin harsunan Mel, da kuma Sua da Gola, daga Wilson (2007):  Limba kuma an ƙara shi daga Clarke (1922). 

## Duba kuma

* Harsunan Rio Nunez

## Manazarta
Djamila Sahraoui

**Djamila Sahraoui** (An haife ta a shekara ta 1950) ƴar wasan fina-finan Aljeriya ce.

An haifi Djamila Sahraoui a Algiers a ranar 23 ga watan Oktoba 1950. Ta yi karatun adabi kafin ta halarci fitacciyar makarantar fina-finai ta Paris IDHEC (Institut des hautes études cinématographiques), ta kware a rubuce-rubuce da shugabanci.  Sahraoui ta koma Faransa a shekarar 1975 inda ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai shirya fina-finai. Ta yi gajeren fim ɗin ta na farko, *Houria* a cikin shekarar 1980, sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin edita kuma mataimaki, kafin ta ci gaba da yin nata shirye-shiryen daga shekarar 1990s.  Shirinta na 1995, *La moitié du ciel d'Allah*, ya gabatar da hirarraki da matan Aljeriya game da aiki da gwagwarmayar su na samar da daidaito da 'yanci. A cikin shekarar 1997, an ba ta lambar yabo ta la Villa Medicis saboda nasarar da ta samu.  Yayin da aka fi sanin Sahraoui da shirin fina-finanta, ta kuma samu nasara da fina-finan ta na almara *[[Barakat!]]* (2006) da *Yema* (2013).

## Fina-finai

### Gajerun fina-finai

* *[[Houria]]* (1980), 26 min.

### Takardun bayanai

* *Avoir 2000 ans dans les Aurès* (1990), 26 min.
* *Prénom Marianne* (1992), 26 min.
* *La moitié du ciel d'Allah* (1995), 52 min.
* *Algérie, la vie quand même* (1999), 52 min.
* *Operation Télé-cités* (2000), 26 min.
* *Algérie, la vie toujours* (2001), 53 min.
* *Da kuma a Kabylie* (2003), 85 min.

### Fim ɗin almara

* *[[Barakat!]]* (2006)
* *Yema* (2012)

## Manazarta
Férid Boughedir

**Férid Boughedir** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1944) darektan fina-finan Tunisiya ne kuma marubucin fim.

## Sana'a

Boughedir ya shirya fina-finai biyar tun 1983. An nuna fim ɗinsa *[[Twenty Years of African Cinema|na Caméra d'Afrique]]* a 1983 Cannes Film Festival.  A shekarar 1996, an shigar da fim ɗinsa *[[A Summer in La Goulette|Un été à La Goulette]]* a cikin 46th Berlin International Film Festival.  A shekara mai zuwa, ya kasance memba na juri a bikin 47th Berlin International Film Festival.

## Filmography
* *[[Twenty Years of African Cinema|Caméra d'Afrique]]* (1983)
* *[[Caméra arabe]]* (1987)
* *[[Halfaouine Child of the Terraces]]* (1990)
* *[[A Summer in La Goulette|Un été à La Goulette]]* (1996)
* *[[Villa Jasmin]]* (2008)

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
* Les gens du cinéma
* Interview with the director by Giuseppe Sedia at *Clapnoir.org* - 27 May 2008.
*
Hafsa Zinaï Koudil

**Hafsa Zinaï Koudil** (an haife ta a shekara ta alif dari tara da hamsin da daya miladiyya 1951) marubuciya ce 'yar Algeria, 'yar jarida kuma darektar fina-finai da ke zaune a Faransa.  

## Rayuwa
An haifi Hafsa Zinaï Koudil a ranar 13 ga watan Satumba 1951 a Ain Beida da ke Gabashin Aljeriya. 

Ta yi aiki da Radiodiffusion Télévision Algérienne har sai da jayayya game da fim ɗin ta na farko na 16mm.  *Le démon au féminin* ya bi da labarin gaskiya na Latifa, ƙwararriya 'yar Aljeriya wacce ta ƙi sanya lullubi. Bisa buƙatar mijinta, masu tsatstsauran ra'ayin addinin Islama sun kore Latifa da karfi a shekarar 1991: azabtar da ita ya dauki tsawon sa'o'i shida, ya bar ta da raunuka wanda ya tsare ta a kan keken guragu. Yayin daukar fim din tsakanin watan Satumba 1992 zuwa Janairu 1993, Hafsa Zinaï Koudil ta sami barazanar kisa. Bayan yunkurin yin garkuwa da ita, ta tsere zuwa gudun hijira a Tunisiya kuma danginta sun bi ta.  Ta bukaci dan sanda mai rakiya a bikin fina-finai na Amiens International, inda fim ɗin ta ya raba Prix du Public.  

## Ayyuka

### Littattafai

* *La fin d'un rêve* [The end of a dream], 1984
* *Le pari perdu* [The Lost bet], 1986
* *Papillon ne volera plus* [The butterfly will no longer fly], 1990
* *Le passé décomposé* [The imperfect past], 1992.
* *Sans voix* [Voiceless], 1997

### Fina-finai

* *Le démon au féminin* / *al-Shaytan imra`a* [Woman as the devil], 1993/1994.

## Manazarta
Paul Boujenah

**Paul Boujenah**, darektan fina-finan Faransa-Tunisiya ne.

Shi ɗan'uwan Michel Boujenah ne kuma kawun ƴan'uwan Matthieu Boujenah da Lucie Boujenah.

## Fina-finan da aka zaɓa

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
Farida Bourquia

**Farida Bourquia** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1948) daraktar fina-finan Morocco ce, "ɗaya daga cikin matan Moroko na farko da suka fara yin fim a kan allo da kuma a talabijin". 

## Rayuwa
Bayan ta karanci wasan kwaikwayo a Moscow daga 1968 zuwa 1973, Bourquia ta koyar da zane-zane na ban mamaki a Conservatory of Casablanca. Domin yawancin ayyukanta, ta yi aiki ga mai watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a, Radiodiffusion-Télévision Marocaine, yin takardun shaida da shirye-shiryen yara. 

Domin Shekarar Mata ta Duniya a 1975, Bourquia ta yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa game da matan Moroccan - na farko na rubuce-rubuce na Moroccan da mace ta shirya kuma ta jagorance ta.  Fim ɗinta na 1982 *The Embers* ya ba da labarin wasu marayu uku daga ƙauye. Shirin Two *Women on the Road* (2007) shine "Sigar Moroccan ta fitacciyar fim ɗin mata ta Amurka, *Thelma da Louise* ". 

## Fina-finai

### Fina-finan da aka yi don talabijin
* *Le dernier aveu* [The last promise]
* *La bague* [The ring]
* *Je ne reviendrai pas* [I will not come back]
* *Le visage et le miroir* [The face and the mirror]
* *La boite magique* [The magic box]
* *La maison demandée* [The popular house]

### Fina-finai
* 1982: *[[La braise (film)|La braise]]* 
* 2007:* [[Deux femmes sur la route]]* 
* 2014: *[[Zaynab, la rose d'Aghmat]]*

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
Nouri Bouzid

**Nouri Bouzid** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1945) darektan fina-finan Tunisiya ne kuma marubucin fim. Ya shirya fina-finai bakwai tsakanin shekara ta 1986 zuwa 2006. An nuna fim ɗinsa *[[Man of Ashes|na Man of Ashes]]* a cikin sashin Un Certain Regard na 1986 Cannes Film Festival.  Shekaru uku bayan haka, an nuna fim ɗinsa *[[Golden Horseshoes|na Golden Horseshoes]]* a cikin wannan sashe a bikin 1989.

An nuna Bouzid a cikin wani fim na shekarar 2009 game da kwarewar cinema a al'adu daban-daban da ake kira *Cinema Is Everywhere*.

## Fina-finai da aka zaɓa
* *[[Man of Ashes]]* (1986)
* *[[Golden Horseshoes]]* (1989)
* *[[Bezness]]* (1992)
* *[[The Silences of the Palace]]* (1994 - writer)
* *[[A Summer in La Goulette]]* (1996 - writer)
* *[[Bent Familia]]* (1997)
* *[[The Season of Men]]* (2000 - writer)
* *[[Making Of (2006 film)|Making Of]]* (2006)

## Kyauta
*The Ibn Rushd Prize for Freedom of Thought for the year 2007 in Berlin.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
Rachid Benhadj

**Mohamed Rachid Benhadj** (, an haife shi a ranar 12 Yuli 1949) darektan fina-finan Aljeriya ne kuma marubucin allo.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haife shi a Algiers, Benhadj ya karanci gine-gine da cinema a Jami'ar Paris.   Ya fara aikin sa na ƙwararru yana aiki da Radiodiffusion Télévision Algérienne a matsayin ɗan jarida.  Fim ɗin sa  na farko *Louss* (aka *Desert Rose*, 1989) ya sami yabo mai yawa.   A cikin shekarar 1990s ya yanke shawarar zama na dindindin a Italiya. Ya fara daga fim ɗinsa na biyu *Touchia* Fina-finansa sun kara himma wajen kyautata zamantakewa da siyasa.  Shi ma mai zane ne.

## Filmography

* *Louss* (1988)
* Touchia (1992)
* *L'ultima cena* (1995)
* *Mirka* (2000)
* For Bread Alone (2006)
* *Parfumes of Algiers* (2012)
* The Stars of *Algiers* (2016)
* *Matarès* (2019)

## Manazarta
Yaren Mono (California)

Mono (/ˈmOʊnOʊ/ MOH-noh) yare ne na asalin ƙasar Amirka na ƙungiyar Numic na yarukan Uto-Aztecan, harshen kakannin Mutanen Mono. Mono ya ƙunshi yaruka biyu, *Gabas* da Yamma. Ana amfani  sunan "Monachi" ne don ambaton Yammacin Mono da "Owens Valley Paiute" don ambaton Gabashin Mono. A cikin 1925, Alfred Kroeber ya kiyasta cewa Mono yana da masu magana 3,000 zuwa 4,000. , tsofaffi 37 ne kawai suka yi magana da Mono a matsayin yarensu na farko. UNESCO ta rarraba shi a matsayin mai haɗari sosai. Ana magana da shi a kudancin Sierra Nevada, da Mono Basin, da kuma Owens Valley na tsakiyar gabashin California. Mono yana  alaƙa da Arewacin Paiute; waɗannan biyun an rarraba su a matsayin ƙungiyar Yammacin reshen Numic na Iyalin yaren Uto-Aztecan.  [2]

## Yammacin Mono

Adadin masu magana da 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin 1994 ya kasance daga 37 zuwa 41. Yawancin masu magana sun fito ne daga Northfork Rancheria da al'ummar Auberry. Big Sandy Rancheria  Dunlap suna da masu magana daga 12 zuwa 14. Northfork Mono suna haɓaka ƙamus, kuma duka biyu da Big Sandy Rancheria suna ba da darussan harshe. Duk  yake ba duka ba ne gaba ɗaya, kusan mambobi 100 na Northfork suna da "wasu umarni na harshe". [1] A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, Lamb ya tattara ƙamus da ƙamus na Northforki Mono.   Mono  Yamma yana da kalmomin aro na Mutanen Espanya da suka fara ne a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Mutanenaniya na California, [1] da kuma kalmomin aro daga Yokuts da Miwok. II

## Owens Valley Paiute
A tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, kimanin mutane 50 ne suka yi magana da harshen Owens Valley Paiute, wanda aka fi sani da Eastern Mono .  Akwai darussan harshe  al'ada kuma mawaƙa suna riƙe da waƙoƙin harshe na asali.  harshe Sydney Lamb ya yi nazarin wannan harshe a cikin shekarun 1950 kuma ya ba da shawarar sunan Paviotso, amma ba a karɓa sosai ba. 

## Fonoems

### Sautin sautin

* Hakanan ana rarraba tsawon sautin daidai tsakanin yarukan.

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
Da ke ƙasa an ba da lissafin sauti na Northfork Western Mono da Owens Valley Paiute kamar yadda Lamb (1958) da Liljeblad & Fowler (1986) suka gabatar.

* Sautunan da aka yi da su na plosives, hanci da fricatives suma ana rarraba su daidai.

### Ƙaddamarwa
Lamb (1958) ya kuma bayyana siffofi huɗu na sama da wanda ya ba da matsayi na sauti.

## Yanayin Yanayi
Mono yare ne mai haɗuwa, wanda kalmomi ke amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don dalilai daban-daban tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan da aka haɗa tare.

## Dubi kuma

* Labaran gargajiya na Mono

## Bayanan da aka ambata

### Tushen

* Hinton, Leanne. *Flutes of Fire: Essays on California Indian Languages .* Berkeley: Littattafan Heyday, 1994.   ISBN .&nbsp;
* Miller, Wick R. "Harsunan Lissafi. " Littafin Indiyawan Arewacin Amurka: Great Basin, Volume 11. Washington, DC: Cibiyar Smithsonian, 1986.   ISBN .&nbsp;
*  
* 

## Ƙarin karantawa

*  
* 
*  

### Sabunta harshe

*  
*  
*  

## Haɗin waje

*  
* Bayani game da yaren Mono a Binciken California da Sauran Harsunan Indiya
*  
* Albarkatun OLAC a ciki da kuma game da harshen Mono
Yaren Monzombo

**Monzombo** ƙaramin yaren Ubangian ne na Congos.

Akwai nau'o'i uku, Monzombo (Mondjembo), Kpala (Kwala), da Yango, wanda Ethnologue ya lissafa daban. Ba a bayyana yadda suke da bambanci ba.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yasmine Chouikh

**Yasmine Chouikh** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1982) 'yar jarida ce kuma darektar fina-finai. Fim ɗin ta na farko, wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya *[[Until the End of Time (film)|Until The End Of Time]]*, ya lashe kyautar Kyauta ta Farko mafi Kyau a Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou (FESPACO) a shekarar 2019.
 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Chouikh a shekara ta 1982 a Algiers, ɗiyar daraktan fina-finai kuma marubucin allo Yamina Bachir da kuma darakta Mohamed Chouikh. Ta kammala karatu a Psychology da ilimi. Ita ce darektar fasaha na Taghit International Short Film Festival.

## Fina-finai

* *[[El bab]]* (The Door) (2006, gajeren fim)
* *[[El Djinn]]* (2010, gajeren fim)
* *[[Until the End of Time (film)|Har Zuwa Ƙarshen Lokaci]]* (2017)

## Manazarta
Harsunan Mokole

**Harsunan Mokole** ƙaramin rukuni ne na yarukan Mande na Guinea da Saliyo . Su ne Kakabe, Kuranko, Lele, da Mixifore.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Mombo Dogon

**Mombo Dogon** wani nau'in yare ne na Dogon da ake magana a Mali . Helabo da Miambo yare ne.

Har zuwa shekara ta alif 2005 an dauki Ampari a matsayin yaren. Koyaya, yayin da Ampari suka fahimci Mombo, wannan ya bayyana saboda suna ziyartar yankin kowace shekara, kuma Mombo ba za su iya fahimtar Ampari ba.

A ƙauyen Kema, ana kiran yaren Mombo *Ambaleeŋge* . An kira shi *Ejenge Dõ (Edyenge Dom, Idyoli Donge) * ko Kolum So a cikin wallafe-wallafen. Ejenge Dõ ita ce kalmar Mombo don 'harshe na Dogon', daga Éjé 'mutumin Dogon'. Kolum So shine sunan da Donno So ke amfani da shi zuwa gabas. Yana nufin 'harsunan da ba su da rana', kuma yana nufin nau'ikan Dogon na yamma, Mombo da Ampari. Sunan Fulani shine *Piniari (Pignari) *.

## Bayanan da aka ambata

* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 5] "Binciken harsunan Dogon a Mali: Bayani". OGMIOS: Jaridar Gidauniyar Harsuna Masu Hadari. 3.02 (26): 14–15. An samo shi a 2011-06-30..
*  

## Haɗin waje
Yaren Mündu

**Mündü** (*Mondo*) yare ne na Ubangian na Sudan ta Kudu, tare da 'yan dubban masu magana a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar

## Wuraren da aka yi
Wani binciken  aka yi a shekarar 2013 ya ba da rahoton cewa ƙabilar Mundu tana zaune a cikin bomas masu zuwa na Sudan ta Kudu.

* Amaki Boma, Kozi Payam, Gundumar Maridi
* E'di Boma, Ngamunde Payam, Gundumar Maridi
* Mundu Boma, Tore Payam, Yei CountyYankin Yei
* Adio Boma, Tore Payam, Yankin Yei

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Baya El Hachemi

**Baya El Hachemi**, darekta ce ta Aljeriya-Swiss, furodusa kuma ɗan jarida. An fi saninta a matsayin darektar jerin talabijin *El Maktoub* da *El Qada Wa El Qadar.*    Ta kuma kasance mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kan Aljeriya.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A halin yanzu tana zaune a Quebec a cikin shekarar 2005. A halin yanzu, ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin adabi a Jami'ar Quebec da ke Montreal. Sannan ta shiga kungiyoyi da dama, kamar "Halte la Ressource".

## Sana'a
Sau da yawa ana kiranta da "yar jarida ta farko a gidan rediyon Aljeriya". A cikin shekarar 1975, ta yi serial *Faces of Women* wanda aka watsa ta wayar tarho har zuwa 1977. Sannan a matsayin furodusa, ta yi *El Maktoub*, da *El Qada Wa El Qadar* a shekarar 2003 da *El Qilada*, da *Tahaddi Imraae* a shekarar 2014. Tare da jagorancin Ministan Al'adu, Nadia Labidi, Baya ya kirkiro dandalin *La maison de l'artist* ("Gidan Mai zane").  A cikin shekarar 2003, ta yi jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin *na Destiny*. A wannan shekarar ne ta fara fim ɗin ta wanda ya ta'allaka ne kan yakin 'yantar da kasa da kuma abubuwan da suka faru a tsakanin shekarar 1932 da 'yancin kai na Aljeriya.  A shekara ta 2007, ta yi fim ɗin gaskiya *Mamya Chentouf: Mai fafutukar Sa'a ta Farko* bisa rayuwar Mamia Chentouf, 'yar jarida ta farko a Paris.

## Filmography

## Manazarta
Nina Khada

**Nina Khada an** haife ta a Faransa da Aljeriya darektar fina-finai Franco-Algeriya, marubuciya allo kuma editar fim.    

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a cikin shekarar 1991  iyayenta'yan Aljeriya a Nancy, Faransa, Khada ta yi karatun edita da watsa shirye-shiryen aikin jarida, kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin shirya fina-finai daga Jami'ar Aix-Marseille a shekarar 2014.

## Filmography
Fina-finan Khada sun haɗa da:  

## Kyauta
Fina-finan Khada sun samu lambar yabo daya da naɗi guda: 

## Manazarta
N'Ko harshe

ÂÂ**N'Ko** wani nau'i ne na koiné na harsuna da yawa da aka rubuta a cikin haruffa N'Ko. Ana amfani dashi a Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso da wasu ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka, da farko, amma ba kawai ba, a rubuce-rubuce, yayin da a cikin magana ana amfani da nau'ikan Manding daban-daban: Maninka, Bambara, Dyula da sauransu.

 wallafe-wallafen  tare da ƙamus mai mahimmanci da aka sani da  ("harshe mai tsabta") wanda Solomana Kante ya tsara, tare da nau'ikan , wanda ake magana a yankin Kankan na Kante, yana aiki a matsayin yaren sulhu.

Valentin Vydrin a cikin 1999 da Coleman Donaldson a cikin 2019 sun nuna cewa shahararren rubuce-rubucen harsunan Manding a cikin daidaitaccen nau'in N'Ko yana ƙaruwa. Ana amfani  wannan tsari na rubuce-rubuce don ilimi tsakanin masu magana da nau'o'i daban-daban. H ana amfani dashi a cikin sadarwa ta lantarki.

Ma'auni yana ƙoƙari ya wakilci duk harsunan Manding ta hanyar da ke ƙoƙarin nuna alamar "proto-Manding" na yau da kullun da kuma asalin kalmomin, gami da lokacin da ainihin furcin a cikin nau'ikan magana na zamani ya bambanta sosai. Misali, akwai akalla irin wannan yarjejeniya guda ɗaya, don wakiltar velars tsakanin wasula: , , ,  ko sifili na iya furta, amma rubutun zai kasance iri ɗaya. Misali, kalmar "sunan" a cikin Bambara ita ce [tɔɡɔ] kuma a cikin Maninka ita ce [英], amma ma'auni da aka rubuta N'Ko shine ̆. A cikin rubuce-rubucen sadarwa kowane mutum zai rubuta shi a hanya ɗaya ta amfani da rubutun N'Ko, kuma duk da haka karantawa da furta shi kamar yadda yake a cikin nasu harshe iri-iri.

## Bayani

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Angèle Diabang Brener

**Angèle Diabang Brener** marubuciya ce ta ƙasar Senegal, darekta kuma mai shirya fina-finai.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Angéle Diabang Brener a Dakar a shekara ta 1979. Kwarewarta da iliminta a harkar fina-finai ya gudana a Dakar a cibiyar Média Center de Dakar, daga baya a makarantar shirya fina-finai ta ƙasar Faransa La Fémis a birnin Paris, sannan kuma a fitaccen Filmakademie Baden-Württemberg a Jamus. 

## Sana'a
Ta fara aikinta a matsayin editar fina-finai sannan a shekarar 2005 ta ba da umarnin fim ɗin ta na farko, wani shirin da ya shafi ka'idojin kyawun matan Senegal mai suna "Mon beau sourire". Ita ce ke tafiyar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Karoninka wanda ya shahara wajen yin fina-ffinai sama da ggoma sha bbiyu. 

## Fina-finai
*2005 : *Mon beau sourire*
*2007 : *L’Homme est le remède de l’homme*, with Ousseynou Ndiaye and El Hadji Mamadou "Leuz" Niang
*2007 : *Le Revers de l'exil* 
*2007 : *Sénégalaises et Islam*
*2008 : *[[Yandé Codou, la griotte de Senghor]]*
*2014 : *[[Congo, un médecin pour sauver les femmes]]* A documentary on the work of Dr Denis Mukwege.

## Kyauta
* For *Sénégalaises et Islam*
:* 2007 - Jury Prize at Festival Images citoyennes (Liège, Belgium)
:* 2007 - Mention spéciale (Jury distinction) at the Festival des Cinémas d'Afrique du pays d'Apt (Apt Festival of African Films, Apt, France)

## Manazarta

### Karin Karatu
* Françoise Pfaff, 'Angèle Diabang Brener', in *À l'écoute du cinéma sénégalais*, Éditions L'Harmattan, Paris, 2010, pp.&nbsp;109–119,
Yaren Ndogo

**Ndogo** yare ne na Ubangian, ɗaya daga cikin manyan harsuna tara na Sudan ta Kudu, kuma ana koyar da shi a makarantar firamare. Gollo da wasu daga cikin Gbaya, da sauransu suna amfani da shi azaman yare na biyu.

Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2013 ya ba da rahoton cewa kabilar Ndogo tana zaune a Besselia da Mboro Bomas, Beselia Payam, Wau County, Sudan ta Kudu. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Nanga Dogon

**Naŋa dama**,wanda aka fi sani da **Naŋa tegu**, yaren Dogon ne da ake magana a Mali wanda aka sani ne kawai daga rahoto daya daga 1953. Roger Blench ya ba da rahoton cewa danginsa mafi kusa shine Walo-Kumbe Dogon da aka bayyana kwanan nan, "wanda yake raba duka ƙamus da fasalin da sunaye da yawa ke da -m. " Hochstetler yana tunanin suna iya zama yare ɗaya. Yana iya kasancewa kusa da Yanda Dogon (Blench) ko Jamsai tegu (Hochstetler).

## Bayanan da aka ambata

## Ƙarin karantawa

* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 5] "Matsayin yarukan Dogon (dogo) na dutsen Bandiagara tsakanin sauran rukunin harsuna na yankin Sudan". A cikin Bulletin na Cibiyar Faransanci ta Afirka Baƙar fata. Fashewa. XV. Dakar, shafuffuka na 405-441&nbsp;
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 5] "Binciken harsunan Dogon a Mali: Bayani". OGMIOS: Jaridar Gidauniyar Harsuna Masu Hadari. 3.02 (26): 14–15. An samo shi a 2011-06-30..
*
Nancee Oku Bright

**Nancee Oku Bright** mai shirya fina-finai ce na Laberiya, darekta kuma turkeys a wacce ke zaune a birnin New York. Ita ce shugabar sashin jin kai na tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. 

## Rayuwa
Nancee Oku Bright ta sami digirin MA da kuma digirin-digirgir a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam daga Jami'ar Oxford. PhD ta, kan ƴan gudun hijirar Eritrea a sansanin ƴan gudun hijira na Um Gargur a Sudan,  an buga shi azaman littafi a 1998.

Bright ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida, yana rubuta wa BBC, jaridu da yawa na Burtaniya, *Vogue*, *Newsday* da *Miami Herald* . Ta yi gajerun shirye-shirye na tarihin ƙabilanci kan ƴan gudun hijira a Sudan da kuma rayuwa a Laberiya. Takardun shirinta na PBS *Laberiya: Stepchild na Amurka* (2002) yayi nazari akan musabbabin yakin basasa na farko na Laberiya.

## Ayyuka
### Littatafai
* *Mothers of Steel: The Women of Um Gargur, an Eritrean Refugee Settlement in the Sudan*, Red Sea Press, 1998

### Fina-finai
* *Liberia: America's Stepchild*, 2002

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
Nadia Labidi

**Nadia Labidi** (née **Cherabi**, ; an haife ta a ranar 18 ga watan Yuli 1954) furodusan fina-finan Aljeriya ce, daraktar fina-finai, kuma 'yar siyasa. Ta kasance ministar al'adu daga ranar 5 ga watan Mayu 2014  zuwa Mayu 2015.  Fim ɗin nata shine "Faransanci kuma Faransanci ne ke tallafawa". Fim dinta na farko shine *Fatima Amaria* a shekarar 1993 kuma fim ɗin ta na farko shine *The Other side of the Mirror* a 2007. 

## Shekarun farko da ilimi
An haifi Labidi a Ain Madhi a shekara ta 1954. Ta karanta ilimin zamantakewa a Jami'ar Algiers kuma ta sami Ph.D. a Sorbonne (Cinematography, 1987). 

## Sana'a
Daga 1978 har zuwa 1994, Labidi ya yi aiki a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Algeria da Cibiyar Masana'antar Fina-finai Algérien pour l'Art et l'Industrie Cinématographiques (CAAIC) a matsayin darektan samarwa.   Ta kuma kasance farfesa a Faculty of Information Sciences and Communication na Jami'ar Algiers III kafin ta zama ministar al'adu a gwamnatin Aljeriya a ranar 6 ga watan Mayu 2014. 

A cikin shekarar 1991, Labidi ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar darekta a ƙungiyar labarai ta Aljeriya, Agence Nationale des Actualités Filmées (ANAF).  A CAAIC, ta mayar da hankalinta daga samarwa zuwa yin fim tare da sha'awar docudrama. Ta jagoranci *L'exile de Bougie* (The Exile of Bougie; 1997) da *Fatima Amaria* (tare da Malek Laggoune, 1993). 

Labidi ta kafa kamfanin samar da kayayyaki na Procom International a cikin shekarar 1994. Shekaru da yawa, an sadaukar da Procom International na musamman ga shirye-shiryen bidiyo da kuma tabbatar da samar da shirye-shirye talatin don talabijin na Aljeriya. A cikin shekarar 2002, kamfanin ya faɗaɗa cikin almara da fina-finai masu fasali (short in 35mm), waɗanda aka haɗa tare da gidan talabijin na Aljeriya (ENTV) tare da tallafin Ma'aikatar Al'adu.  

*[[Fatima Amaria]]*, wadda aka yi a shekarar 1993, ita ce fim ɗin farko na Labidi, na kallon rayuwar wata budurwa a wata al’ummar addini a kudancin Aljeriya; Matan da abin ya shafa ba a taba yin fim a baya ba, don haka Labidi ya ga ya dace a samu amincewar su kafin yin fim. 

Fim ɗinta na halarta na farko a matsayin darekta shine The Other side of the Mirror (L'envers du miroir, 2007). Har ila yau, ta kasance tare da Procom a cikin samar da wasu fina-finai guda biyu: *Women Alive* (Vivantes!/A'ichhate, 2006) tare da sanannen darakta Saïd Ould Khelifa da *Wounded Dabino* (Les palmiers blesses, 2010) tare da darektan Tunisiya Abdllatif  bin Ammar. 

## Filmography

* 1993, *Fatima Amaria* 
* 2007, The Other Side of the Mirror 
* 2008, Women Alive! / Vivantes! / A'ichate (producer) 
* 2010, Wounded Palms / Les palmiers blesses (producer) 

## Manazarta
Cheick Fantamady Camara

**Cheick Fantamady Camara** (1960 - Janairu 7, 2017) darektan fina-finan Guinea ne wanda ya lashe lambar yabo. Ya kasance darakta na gajerun fina-finai guda biyu da kuma fina-finai guda biyu. Fim ɗin sa na shekarar 2006 *[[Il va pleuvoir sur Conakry]]* ya lashe gasar Fim da Talabijin na Panafrica na 2007 na Ouagadougou a Burkina Faso da Prix Ousmane Sembène na 2008 a bikin Khoribga African Cinema Festival a Morocco.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Cheick Fantamady Camara a cikin 1960 a Conakry, Guinea. Yayin da yake zaune a Faransa yana da shekaru 40, ya ɗauki kwas a rubuce-rubucen fim a Institut national de l'audiovisuel, ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1997.    Bayan shekara guda, a cikin 1998, ya yi karanci ba da umarni na fim a Kwalejin Louis Lumière.  

## Mutuwa
Camara ya mutu ranar 7 ga watan Janairu, 2017, yana da shekaru 57 a duniya. 

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje
*
Yaren Ngalakgan

**Ngalakan** (Ngalakgan) yare ne na asalin Australiya na mutanen Ngalakgan . Yara  su samu shi ba tun daga shekarun 1930. Yana daya daga cikin yarukan Arewacin Non-Pama-Nyungan da ake magana da su a yankin kogin Roper na Yankin Arewa. Yana da alaƙa da Rembarrnga.

## Sauti

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
Ngalakan yana da kayan aiki na Australiya, tare da wurare masu yawa na magana (duba Coronals a cikin harsunan 'yan asalin Australiya), gami da hanci a kowane wuri na tsayawa, da ruwa huɗu, amma babu fricatives. Baker (1999, 2008) yayi nazarin harshe kamar yadda yake da alamun geminate da singleton na kowane ma'anar plosive. Merlan (1983), duk da haka, ya yi jayayya cewa akwai bambancin Fortis-lenis, kuma ta haka ne jerin abubuwa biyu maimakon wanda aka nuna a nan. Lenis / gajeren plosives suna da rauni a lamba da kuma murya mai saurin murya, yayin da fortis / dogon plosives ke da cikakken rufewa, fashewar saki mai ƙarfi, kuma babu murya. Ana samun irin wannan bambance-bambance a wasu Harsunan Gunwinyguan, kamar su Bininj Kunwok,  Jawoyn, Dalabon, Rembarrnga, Ngandi,  da kuma a cikin yarukan Yolngu makwabta.

### Sautin sautin

## Abubuwan da ke tattare da harshe

* **<small>kyauta, tsari na kalma</small>**

Tsarin kalma kyauta, ba tare da matsayi na sarrafawa ba don batun, abu, aikatau da dai sauransu a cikin jumla. Duk wannan bayanin an tsara shi a cikin yanayin, wanda ke haifar da tsarin kalmomi masu rikitarwa. Fassara waɗannan kalmomi masu rikitarwa daidai yana da mahimmanci wajen tantance abin da mai magana ke ƙoƙarin faɗi.

* **<small>Ba kamar yawancin harsuna ba, Ngalakgan kusan gaba ɗaya yana haɗuwa</small>**
* **<small>Haɗuwa tsari ne mai amfani a Ngalakan wanda ya shafi dukkan manyan nau'ikan ƙamus: suna + adjective, suna + adverb +verb</small>**
* **<small>suffixation don jayayya (ergative, genitive, dative) matsayi na gida (locative, allative, ablative, perlative) da lamba.</small>**

## Bayanan da aka ambata

*  
*  
*  
*  

## Haɗin waje

* Kalmomin Ngalakan na asali a cikin Global Lexicostatistical Database
Yaren Ngala (Zande)

**Ngala** yare ne na Zande da ake magana a arewa maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo wanda Stefano Santandrea ya fara bayyanawa. Ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin yarukan Banda ne ya rinjayi shi.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Mohamed Camara ( darektan fim )

**Mohamed Camara** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959 a Conakry ) darektan fina-finai ne na ƙasar Guinea kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne wanda ke zaune a Faransa. Ya yi karatu a Atelier Blanche Salant a Paris .  Ya binciko batutuwa masu rikitarwa a cikin fina-finansa kamar lalata ( *[[Denko]]* ), kashe yara ( *[[Minka (fim)|Minka]]* ) da luwadi ( *[[Dakan]]* ).  *Dakan* na 1997 an kira shi fim na farko akan luwadi da wani Bakar fatar Afrika. 

Camara ya lashe lambobin yabo na ƙasa da ƙasa da yawa don fina-finansa, gami da lambar yabo ta Grand Jury don Fitaccen Labari na Ƙasashen Waje a LA Outfest na *Dakan*.ve Feature at L.A. Outfest for *Dakan*.

A Arewacin Amurka, Camara wataƙila an fi saninsa da wasan kwaikwayonsa a matsayin Ousmane a ccikin mashahurin jjerin ilimin Faransanci a Action.

## Fina-finai

### Darakta

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin Hadi na waje a
*
Harshen Ngbundu

**Ngbundu** ƙaramin yaren Ubangian ne (Banda) na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo .

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Harshen Ngbandi

* **Harshen Ngbandi** wani yare ne na dangin Ubangian wanda rabin mutane miliyan ko haka ke magana a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (Ngbandi daidai) da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya (Yakoma da sauransu). Mutanen Ngbandi ne ke magana da shi, wanda ya hada da mai mulkin kama-karya na abin da aka sani da Zaire, Mobutu Sese Seko.

## Iri-iri
Arewacin Ngbandi shine tushen ƙamus na Harshen kasuwanci **[[Harshen Sango|Sango]]**, wanda ke da masu magana da yawa kamar Ngbandi kuma wanda miliyoyin mutane ke amfani da shi azaman yare na biyu a cikin CAR.

Wataƙila ana magana  yaren Ngbandi iri-iri a gabas, a ƙauyukan DRC na Kazibati da Mongoba  kusa da Uganda, har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 20, amma wannan ba shi da tabbas.

**Yakoma**, tare da matsayi na tsakiya a kan Kogin Ubangi wanda ya raba CAR daga DRC, yana da babban matsayi na fahimta tare da duk sauran nau'ikan Ngbandi, kodayake kamar yadda yake tare da kowane ci gaba na yare, ba ya bin cewa wasu nau'ikan da ke nesa dole ne su kasance masu fahimta tare da juna kamar yadda suke tare da Yakoma.

**Gbayi** ko **Kpatiri** yare ne mai banbanci. Wataƙila mutanen da suka taɓa magana da yaren Zande ne suka karɓi Gbayi. Nzakara, yaren Zande, ana magana da shi a kusa da Gbayi. Wataƙila  daidai ba ne, Kpatili kuma ya zama sunan yaren Zande na Ƙarya wanda babu bayanan harshe.

## Fasahar sauti
Harshen ya kunshi wadannan: 

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

* /l/ da /r/ suna canzawa tare da juna.

### Sautin sautin

## Tsarin rubuce-rubuce

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yaren Ndunga

**Ndunga** (Bondonga, Modunga, Mondugu, Mondunga) yare ne na Ubangian da ake magana a ƙauyuka 8 na yankin Lisala a lardin Mongala, DR Congo (Ethnologue, 22nd ed.).

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Yaren Ngie

**Ngie** yare ne na Kudancin Bantoid na Kamaru . Wani iri-iri da ake kira *Mengum* yana da kusan kashi 56% kawai, don haka watakila ya kamata a dauke shi a matsayin yare daban.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Ibrahim Ceesay

**Ibrahim Ceesay** ɗan rajin kare hakkin jama'a ne ɗan ƙasar Gambia, mai kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, mai fafutukar neman zaman lafiya kuma wanda ya lashe kyautar fim ɗin *[[Hand of Fate (film)|Hand of Fate]].* Shi ne Babban Darakta na Cibiyar Zaman Lafiya ta Mawakan Afirka (AAPI) kuma yana jagorantar da masu ba da agaji tare da ƙungiyoyin matasa daban-daban kan ayyuka mabanbanta. 

## Sana'a
Ibrahim Ceesay shi ne Babban Darakta na Cibiyar Bunƙasa Ci Gaban Yara da Al’umma (CAID) kuma Daraktan Fina-Finai wanda kuma mai fafutukar tabbatar da adalci a zamantakewar al’umma, jaridar Gambia News and Report mako-mako ce ta ba shi sunan sa saboda abin da mahukuntan mujallar suka ce shi ne ya yi fice. acclaimed film *[[Hand of Fate (film)|Hand of Fate]]*.

## Kyauta
An ba shi lambar yabo mafi kyawun fim ɗin *[[Hand of Fate (film)|Hand of Fate]]* kuma ya sami lambar yabo da yawa a Afirka da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a matsayin jakadan matasa. Ya kasance Gwarzon Dan Adam a Shekarar 2013.

## Manazarta
Yaren Nzakara

**Nzakara** (Ansakara, N"sakara, Sakara, Zakara) yare ne na Zande da ake magana a gabashin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, yana zubowa cikin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . Yana iya zama mai fahimta tare da Zande daidai, aƙalla ga wasu masu magana.

## Tsarin rubuce-rubuce

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Tahar Cheriaa

**Tahar Cheria** ( Tunisian Arabic  ; Janairu 5, 1927 - Nuwamba 4, 2010) ya kasance mai sukar fina-finan Tunisiya kuma wanda ya kafa bikin fina-finai na Carthage a 1966, bikin fina-finai na Panafrica da na Panarab na farko.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Cheria a Sayyada a kasar Tunisia. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Bikin Fim na Carthage a shekarar 1966 kuma ya jagoranci abubuwa biyar na farko da ake gudanarwa a kowace shekara. 

Cheria ya shiga cikin fassarar waƙoƙin Larabci kuma ya kasance marubuci kuma mai magana da yawun al'adun fina-finan Larabawa da Afirka. An ba shi *Grand Cordon of National Merit*. 

Cheria ya mmutu a Ezzahra a shekarar 2010. An bbinne shi a ggarinsu na Sayada.

## Manazarta
Sid Ali Mazif

**Sid Ali Mazif** (16 Oktoba 1943 - 2 Mayu 2023) darektan fina-finai ne na Aljeriya. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a Algiers a ranar 16 ga watan Oktoba 1943, Mazif ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mataimakin darekta a fim ɗin *Vingt ans à Alger.*  Ya yi karatu a Institut national du cinéma de Ben Aknoun. A lokacin karatunsa, ya fitar da gajerun fina-finansa na farko daga shekarun 1965 zuwa 1966. Daga nan ya fara aiki da , inda ya ba da umarnin shirya fina-finai irin su *La Cueillette des lemu* da *Le Paludisme en Algérie*. Ya kuma yi aiki tare a kan muhimman fina-finai guda biyu a tarihin cinematic na Algeria: *L'Enfer à dix ans* da *Histoires de la révolution*. 

Fim ɗin farko na Mazif, *Sueur noire*, ya taɓo gwagwarmayar masu hakar ma'adinai a lokacin mulkin mallaka. Fim ɗinsa na 1975, *Les Nomades*, ya mayar da hankali kan batun daidaita al'ummar Aljeriya. Tun lokacin da aka saki **', ya yi yakin neman yancin mata a Aljeriya. 




Sid Ali Mazif ya mutu a Algiers a ranar 2 ga watan Mayu 2023, yana da shekaru 79.

== Filmography ==
 

* ''Sueur Noire'' (1972)
* ''Les Nomades'' (1975)
* ''Leila et les Autres'' (1977)
* ''zama'' (1982)
* **'
* *La Cause des Femmes* (2007)
* *La Violence contre les femmes* (2007)
* *Le Patio* (2016)

## Manazarta