Peter S. Kraus

**Peter S. Kraus** ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Amurka, mai taimakon jama'a kuma mai tattara fasaha wanda a halin yanzu yake  yana aiki a matsayin shugaba kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na Aperture Investors, wani kamfanin kula da kadarori wanda ya kafa a shekarar 2018. Daga 2008 zuwa 2017, Kraus shine shugaba kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na AllianceBernstein (AB), wani kamfanin kula da kadarori na duniya wanda ke da kusan dala $400.&nbsp;biliyan da ke ƙarƙashin gudanarwa da aka jera a Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta New York a matsayin NYSE  . Kafin haka, Kraus ya yi aiki a Goldman Sachs tsawon shekaru ashirin. Shi ne ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tattara fasahar zamani a duniya.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Peter S. Kraus a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  Ya kammala karatunsa da digirin farko na Fasaha daga Kwalejin Trinity a shekarar 1974.   Ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin gudanar da kasuwanci daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Jami'ar New York a shekarar 1975.  

## Sana'a
Kraus ya yi aiki a Goldman Sachs tsawon shekaru ashirin da biyu.   Ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin mataimakin shugaban zartarwa kuma shugaban dabarun Merrill Lynch daga Satumba zuwa Disamba 2008. Ya sami dala Amurka $29.6&nbsp;miliyan a cikin waɗannan watanni uku,  gami da dala 25 na Amurka&nbsp;miliyan ɗaya na layar zinare .  Babban Lauyan Gwamnati Andrew Cuomo ya sa masa sammaci don ya biya diyya. 

Kraus ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaba kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na AllianceBernstein daga Disamba 2008 zuwa Mayu 2017,   ya maye gurbin Lewis A. Sanders . Kraus ya shiga Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Axa a watan Afrilu 2010.   Ya sami dala Amurka $52&nbsp;miliyan a shekararsa ta farko.  A ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, tsarin ritaya na jihar New York da na ƙananan hukumomi da kuma ƙungiyar Vanguard Group sun cire jarin su daga AB.  Misali, kadarorin kamfanin da ke ƙarƙashin gudanarwa sun tashi daga dala Amurka $462&nbsp;biliyan a watan Disamba na 2008 zuwa dala 402 a watan Nuwamba na 2011.  Duk da haka, *Jaridar New York Post* ta ba da shawarar cewa ya "yi nasarar janye AllianceBernstein daga kangin bala'i kuma yana mayar da shi kan hanya."  A ƙarshen shekarar 2016, Bernstein yana da dala 480&nbsp;biliyan da ke ƙarƙashin gudanarwa. 

A ranar 1 ga Mayu, 2017, kwamitin gudanarwa na AB ya sanar da cewa sun naɗa Robert B. Zoelnick a matsayin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa da Seth Bernstein a matsayin shugaban kamfanin AB don maye gurbin Kraus.  A cikin sanarwar manema labarai da ke sanar da wannan labarin, Denis Duverne, shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na Axa kuma memba na dogon lokaci a kwamitin gudanarwa na AB ya ce: "Muna godiya ga Peter Kraus saboda hidimar da ya yi wa AB da masu ruwa da tsaki tun lokacin da ya karɓi ragamar mulki a cikin mawuyacin hali na 2008. Ya gina ƙungiya mai ƙarfi kuma mun yi imanin cewa kamfanin yana da kyakkyawan matsayi don kyakkyawar makoma. Muna yi masa fatan alheri." 

shugaba kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na kamfanin kula da kadarori na Aperture Investors. Tsohon mai wa'azin bishara na tsarin biyan kuɗi mai alaƙa da aiki, ya ƙaddamar da kamfanin a watan Satumba na 2018 tare da Assicurazioni Generali SpA, ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin inshora da kula da kadarori a duniya. Aperture Investors yana da tsarin samun kuɗi mai rikitarwa, tare da kuɗin gudanarwa da tsarin biyan diyya da aka tsara don daidaita sha'awar abokan ciniki da nasu. Kamfanin yana cajin kuɗaɗen ETF kamar, wanda zai iya ƙaruwa ne kawai lokacin da manajoji suka doke ma'auninsu. Hakazalika, ana biyan manajoji ƙaramin diyya kuma za su iya samun ƙarin kuɗi ne kawai lokacin da suka samar da aiki mafi kyau, babban bambanci daga tsarin biyan kuɗi na gargajiya wanda ake biyan manajoji bisa ga yawan kadarorin da aka sarrafa.

## Taimakon jama'a
Kraus yana aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin kula da Cibiyar Fasaha ta California, wata jami'a mai zaman kanta a Los Angeles.  Shi ne kuma shugaban haɗin gwiwa na Friends of Carnegie International, wani baje kolin fasaha na Arewacin Amurka na shekara-shekara.  Bugu da ƙari, yana aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na Cibiyar Lincoln don Fasaha ta Wasan Kwaikwayo a birnin New York. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Kraus ya auri Jill Kraus,  wacce ke aiki a matsayin shugabar Asusun Fasaha na Jama'a .  Suna zaune a wani gida mai dakuna biyar a 720 Park Avenue a Park Avenue, a Lenox Hill a Upper East Side na Manhattan, birnin New York.  Kraus ya sayi gidan akan dala Amurka $37&nbsp;miliyan daga Carl Spielvogel .  A shekarar 2010, Kraus da matarsa sun kasance cikin "manyan masu tattara zane-zane 200 a duniya" don tarin fasahar zamani .  Fasaha ta biyo shi a ofis, inda aka nuna wani sassaka na Manfred Pernice da bidiyon Su-Mei Tse *Les Balayeurs du desert* . 

## Manazarta