Nana Asma'u

**Nana Asma’u** (*Nana Asmaʼu bint Shehu* Usman dan Fodiyo , Larabci: نانا أسماء بنت عثمان فودي‎; Haihuwa da rasuwa shekara ta 1793 zuwa 1864) An haife ta ne a shekara ta 1793, a garin Degel da yanzu take a jihar Sokoto, shekaru goma sha daya kafin jihadin da mahaifinta Shehu Usman Dan Fodiyo ya ƙaddamar, ta kasance makaranciya kuma mai rera waƙoƙi, ba ita kadai aka haifa ba, Nana Asma’u tagwaye ne tare da abokin haihuwarta mai suna Hassan. Mahaifinta ya zaɓi ya sanya mata suna Asma’u ne, saboda sunan Asma'u bint Abi Bakr, ‘ya a wajen Sayyadina Abubakar (Allah Ya kara yarda da shi).

## Farkon rayuwa
Nana Asma’u ta girma a hannun matan mahaifinta, Aisha da Hauwa (Mahaifiyar dan uwanta Muhammadu Bello, bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta a shekarar alif 1795. Wato tarihi ya nuna, shekarunta biyu kenan a duniya, mahaifiyarta ta rasu. Nana Asma’u ta auri Usman Gidado a shekarar alif 1807. Sun tashi daga garin Degel sun koma jihar Sokoto a shekarar alif 1809, bayan gina garin da dan’uwanta Muhammad Bello ya yi. A shekarar alif 1810 ne, Allah Ya albarkaci Nana Asma’u da haihuwar danta na farko, mai suna AbdulKadir. Bayan shi, Nana Asma’u ta haifi ‘ya’ya uku, Kamar mahaifinta.

## Ilimi
Nana Asma’u jajirtacciya ce, mai ilimin Addinin Musulunci, kuma mahaddaciyar Alkur’ani mai girma.
Kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna, Nana Asma’u da ‘yan’uwanta Maryam da Fatima, da kuma iyayenta Aisha da Hauwa (Matan Shehu Usman Fodiyo), sun bayar da gagarumar gudummuwa wajen yadawa da ciyar da addini Musulunci gaba ta hanyar rubuta waƙoƙi da wa’azi ga mata. Haka nan kuma, ta kasance fitacciyar marubuciya kwarai da gaske, a fannin da ya shafi hukunce-hukuncen addinin Musulunci da shari’a da sauransu. Nana Asma'u ta kasan ce tana jin yare hudu, Hausa, Fulani, Larabci da kuma yaran Tuareg. A fannin ilimin harshen Larabci, Nana Asma’u ba baya ba ce, don kuwa tana da shi sosai.  Ba a fagen Ilimi Nana Asma’u kadai ta tsaya ba; a fagen Jarumta ma ba a bar ta a baya ba, domin kuwa ta halarci yake-yake da dama da mahaifinta ya yi, wannan ne ma ya sa bayan rasuwar mahaifinta, Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo da Nana Asma’u da Bello sun taka rawar gani wajen samar da ilimi akan mata. Nana Asma’u tana tara mata tana karantar dasu addini..

## Mulki
Nana Asma’u ta zama mataimakiya ta musamman ga dan’uwanta sabon Kalifa, Muhammad Bello. Kuma a wannan gwamnati, tana daga cikin masu rubuta takardu da ake aikawa sauran Sarakunan garuruwan Musulmai. A kokarinta da kishinta na ganin cewa, mata sun zama mutane, Nana Asma’u ta mayar da hankali matuka-gaya wajen ilimantar da mata. 

## Bunkasa harkokin mata
Wannan ya sa, a wajejen shekarar 1830, ta kirkiri wata kwarya-kwaryar gidauniyar Malaman Musulunci Mata, da aka kira da ‘Jajis’ suka rika shiga gida-gida suna karantar da ‘yan’uwansu mata addinin Musulunci; musamman Alkur’ani mai girma, littattafan Tauhidi da Fikhu, da sauransu. Wannan aiki ya taimaki rayuwar mata kwarai wajen sanin addinin Musulunci. A hankali, Nana Asma’u ta fadada aikin, har zuwa wasu yankunan. Nana Asma’u ta yi aikace-aikace da dama da tarihi ba zai iya mantawa da ita ba, wannan ya sa, aka samu Kungiyoyin Mata da dama, da Makarantu da Dakunan Tarukan Musulunci, ana sanya musu sunanta; musamman a Arewacin Nigeria, da wasu Kasashen Musulmi a Africa.

### Litattafan ta
Wasu daga cikin manyan ayyukanta, sun hada da:

* Rubuta Alkur’ani Mai Girma 
* Fassara Alkur’ani Mai Girma

### Waƙe
Wannan ya sa, galibin rubuce-rubucenta na wakoki, ta yi su ne, cikin harshen Larabci, sai Fulatanci da harshen Hausa da kuma harshen Tuareg (wani harshe ne da wasu kabilu da ke zaune a Niger da Mali da Algeria da Libya da Burkina Faso, ke amfani da shi). ta rubuta wata waka mai suna ‘Wakar Gewaye’ don bayyana irin abubuwan da ta gani da idanunta.. Haka kuma Nana Asma'u tana da wasu rubutattun wake masu dimbin yawa. Wasu tayi sune akan jan hankali da nasiha ga Mata akan yadda zasu gudunar da rayuwarsu akan tsari na addinin musulunci da kuma guje wa yan bori , wasu waken alhinine na rashin wani nata. Wasu waken ta na magana ne akan Daular Mahaifinta Shehu Usmanu, ko Dan uwanta Khalifa Muhammadu Bello, Khalifa Atiku da kuma yake yaken da sukayi.

## Rasuwa
Nana Asma’u ta rasu a shekarar 1864 (amma wani tarihin ya nuna a shekarar 1863) dai-dai da 1280 A.H.

## Bibiliyo
* Boyd, Jean (1989). *The Caliph's Sister: Nana Asma'u 1793–1865: Teacher, Poet and Islamic Leader*. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. ISBN 0-7146-4067-0.
*Chukwuma Azuonye, "Feminist or Simply Feminine? Reflections on the Works of Nana Asmā'u, a Nineteenth-Century West African Woman Poet, Intellectual, and Social Activist", *Meridians*, Vol. 6, No. 2, Women, Creativity, and Dissidence (2006), pp.&nbsp;54–77.
* Jean Boyd, *The Caliph's Sister: Nana Asma'u 1793–1865: Teacher, Poet, and Islamic Leader*. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd, 1989 . 
* Jean Boyd. "Distance Learning from Purdah in Nineteenth-Century Northern Nigeria: The Work of Asma'u Fodiyo". *Journal of African Cultural Studies*, Vol. 14, No. 1, Islamic Religious Poetry in Africa (June 2001), pp.&nbsp;7–22.
* Jean Boyd, "West Africa", in Suad Joseph, Afsaneh Najmabadi (eds), *Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures*, New York: Brill Publishers, 2003, pp.&nbsp;327–29; .
*Jean Boyd and Beverly B. Mack (eds), ''The Collected Works of Nana Asma’u, Daughter of Usman dan Fodiyo 1793–1864'', East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University Press, 1997.
* Jean Boyd and Beverly B. Mack, ''Educating Muslim Women: The West African Legacy of Nana Asma'u, 1793–1864'' , Kube Publishing, Interface Publications, 2013. .
* Jean Boyd, Murray Last. "The Role of Women as 'Agents Religieux' in Sokoto", *Canadian Journal of African Studies*/*Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines*, Vol. 19, No. 2 (1985), pp.&nbsp;283–300.
*Beverly B. Mack and Jean Boyd, *One Woman's Jihad: Nana Asma’u, Scholar and Scribe*, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2000. .
* Margaret Hauwa Kassam. "Some Aspects of Women's Voices from Northern Nigeria", *African Languages and Cultures*, Vol. 9, No. 2, Gender and Popular Culture (1996), pp.&nbsp;111–25.
* Aisha R. Masterton, ''One Woman's Jihad: Nana Asma'u, Scholar and Scribe'' – book review. *African Arts*, Winter 2001.
* Katja Werthmann, "The example of Nana Asma’u", *D+C: Development & Cooperation*, InWEnt gGmbH, No.03, 2005.
* Muhammad Jameel Yusha'u, "Nana Asma'u Tradition: An Intellectual Movement and a Symbol of Women Rights in Islam During the 19th Century DanFodio's Islamic Reform". Department of Mass Communications, Jami'ar Ado Bayero, Kano. Paper Presented at the Conference on Sokoto Jihad organized by the Centre for Hausa Cultural Studies, Kano, at the Murtala Muhammad Library, 7–8 June 2004.
*Asma'u, Nana, 1793-1865. (1999). *The collected works of Nana Asma'u, daughter of Usman dan Fodiyo, (1793-1864)*. Boyd, Jean., Mack, Beverly B. (Beverly Blow), 1952- (Nigerian ed ed.). Ibadan, Nigeria: Sam Bookman Publishers. . OCLC 316802318.

* Bobboyi, H., Yakubu, Mahmood.The Sokoto Caliphate : history and legacies, 1804-2004. (1st ed ed.). Kaduna, Nigeria: Arewa House. 2006. . OCLC 156890366.

## Manazarta