Dajin shakatawa na Yankari

**Wurin Shakatawa na Yankari** babban wurin shakatawa ne na namun daji dake kudu maso tsakiyar jihar Bauchi, a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Dajin ta mamaye fili kimanin  kuma ta kunshi mabubbugan ruwa masu dumi tare da halittu da dama, da kuma nau'ikan flora da fauna iri-iri. Zaman yankin a tsakiyar yankin Savanna na yammacin Afirka ya santa ta zamo wuri na musamman ga masu yawon bude idanu da masu bukatar hutu don kallon namun daji a asalin muhallinsu. An kirkiri **Yankari** a matsayin wurin ziyara don wasanni a shekarar 1956, amma daga baya aka mayar da ita filin shakatawa na kasa kuma mafi girma a Najeriya a shekarar 1999. Ita ce wuri mafi shahara ga masu yawon bude ido a Najeriya, don haka, tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cigaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude ido da yawon shakatawa a Najeriya. Hakanan ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wurare na musamman a Yammacin Afirka.

## Tarihi
Budaddiyar kasa da da kauyukan da ke kewaye da gandun dajin Yankari na dauke da manoma da makiyaya, amma sama da karni daya babu mutane mazauna dajin. Amma, duk da haka, akwai shaidar wanzuwar bil adama a baya a cikin wurin shakatawar, wanda suka hada da tsoffin wuraren narkar ƙarfe ko makeru da koguna. Makerun sun lalace saboda shekaru aru-aru da aka yi ana damun yankin, kodayake a ƙarshen shekarar 1990s akwai sama da hamsin da suka tsira a yankin Delimiri da Ampara.

A cikin shekarar 1934, kwamitin yankin Arewa ta ba da shawara ga Majalisar Zartaswa don samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobi a Masarautar Bauchi. Alhaji Muhammadu Ngeleruma minista a tsohuwar ma'aikatar noma da albarkatun kasa ta arewacin Najeriya ya goyi bayan hakan. A daidai wannan lokacinda ya ga abun burgewa a wani  ziyarar da ya kai a wani wurin ajiyar dabbobi na ƙasar Sudan yayin da yake tafiya zuwa gabashin Afirka. Da ya dawo, ya karfafa yunƙurin kafa wani abu makamancin haka a Najeriya. 

A shekarar 1956, gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ta amince da tsare-tsaren samar da yankin Kulawa da dabbobi karkashin kulawar gwamnati. An bayyana Yankari a matsayin wani yanki na kudancin jihar Bauchi a lokacin inda namun daji masu yawa ke wanzuwa kuma ana iya kare su. A shekarar 1957 aka samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobin kuma an kafa yankin a matsayin gandun daji na Hukumar Bauci.

An fara buɗe Yankari ga jama'a a matsayin filin wasa ta farko a ranar 1 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1962. Tun a wancan lokaci gwamnatin jihar Arewa maso Gabas sannan daga bisani kuma gwamnatin jihar Bauchi suke kula da gandun daji na Yankari. Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ce ke kula da dajin a yanzu, ta hannun hukumar kula da dajin.

A shekarar 1991 ne dajin ta zama a hukumance Wurin Shakatawa ta Kasa (National Park) ta hanyar doka ta 36 na Gwamnatin Tarayya. A ƙarshen karni na 1900s sashin gudanarwa na wurin shakatawar ta fara aikin samar da wuraren adana kayan tarihi a cikin gandun shakatawar don ƙarfafa yawon shakatawa na gado.

## Ecotourism

Ƙungiyoyin muhalli da ƙungiyoyin agaji da dama na duniya sun fifita yawon buɗe ido ko yawon buɗe idanu a matsayin hanyar samun ci gaba mai dorewa. Tana haɓaka kiyaye halittu iri-iri ta hanyar kare yanayin muhalli da kuma kayan al'adu na gargajiya, flora da fauna a matsayin manyan abubuwan jan hankali. Dajin Yankari ta cika wadannan ka'idoji.

A shekara ta 2000, dajin Yankari ta karbi bakuncin masu yawon bude idanu sama da mutum 20,000 daga kasashe sama da 100. Wannan ya sanya ta zama wurin yawon bude ido mafi shahara a Najeriya, kuma idan aka sarrafa ta yadda ya kamata, za ta iya zama wani muhimmin bangare na ci gaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude idanu a fadin Najeriya. Tana daya daga cikin yankunan kadan da suka rage a yammacin Afirka inda ake kiyaye namun daji a wuraren da suke zaune.

## Yanayin kasa
Yankari National Park ta fada cikin yanayin kasa na kudancin Sudan Savannah. Ta ƙunshi ciyayi na savannah tare da ingantaccen nau'ika na itace. Hakanan yanki ne na tuddai masu hauhawa, galibi tsakanin mita 200m zuwa 400m. Tudun Kariyo shine mafi girma da mita 640.

Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a wurin shakatawa na tsakanin 900mm zuwa 1,000mm. Lokacin damina yna farawa daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Yanayin zafi/sanyi na tsakanin 18C da 35C. A lokacin rani, iskan harmattan ke kadawa daga sahara, sau da yawa kan sanya sararin sama tayi kura da sanyin dare ya yi kasa da 12C. Lokacin mafi zafi yana faɗawa a watan Maris da Afrilu yayin da yanayin zafi ka iya tashi har sama da 40C da rana.

A lokacin rani, namun daji mafi girma a wurin shakatawa sun dogara da kogin Gaji da magudanan ruwa don tsira. Wannan kogin shine kadai ruwan da ya raba dajin gida biyu. Marshall ya kiyasta yankin kwarin Rafin Gaji da giwaye dake amfani da shi a lokacin rani a kusan .  Wannan yana karuwa tare da yiwuwar ganin giwaye a wannan lokacin na shekara.

Babban kofar shiga dajin yana ƙauye Mainamaji, kimanin kilomita 29&nbsp;km daga Dindima. Tana nan a yankin gundumar Duguri, Pali da Gwana a karamar hukumar Alkaleri, jihar Bauchi . Wannan karamar hukumar tana da yawan jama'a 208,202 wadanda ke mamaye fadin fadin kasa  .

## Duwatsu
Daukakin wurin shakatawar ya ta'allaka ne akan samuwar Karai-Karai, na shekarun Tertiary, wanda ya ƙunshi sandstones, siltstones, kaolinites da kuma grits. A karkashin wannan akwai samuwar shekarun  Cretaceous na Gombe, wanda suka hada da sandstones da siltstones, da kuma ironstones. Kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli suna cike da Alluvium na kwanan nan. Akwai ajiyar turbaya da ƙasan yumbu na alluvium a yankunan kogin suna faruwa a cikin kwarin kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli. Gabashin kwarin Gaji kilomita 5–7 ne&nbsp; a faɗin ƙasa mai yashi mara kyau wanda ke goyan bayan samuwar savanna shrub 

## Namun daji

Yankari National Park na da muhimmiyar mafaka ga nau'ikan namun daji masu shayarwa sama da 50 da suka hada da giwayen dazukan Afirka, birai na olive, biran patas, biran Tantalus, roan antelope, hartebeest na yamma, zaki na Afirka ta yamma, bijimi na Afirka, waterbuck, bushbuck da hippopotamus. Zakuna na gab da bacewa.  Zakuna 2 ne kawai suka rage a wurin shakatawa a shekarar 2011. Ana tunanin damisa sun dade da bacewa a dajin, amma a watan Afrilun 2017, an samu hoton wani namiji guda ɗaya a tarkon kyamarar WCS.

Akwai kuma nau'in tsuntsaye sama da 350 da ake iya  samu a wurin shakatawan. Daga cikin wadannan, 130 mazauna wurin ne, 50 kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Falasdinu, sauran kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Afirka da ke zuwa gida Najeriya. Waɗannan tsuntsayen sun haɗa da ssaddle-billed stork, tguinea fowl, grey hornbill, da kuma cattle egret.  A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ba a sake ganin nau'in White-backed Vultures ba a cikin Yankari kuma ana tunanin jinsunansu sun kare a cikin gandun.

Ana ganin Yankari a matsayin daya daga cikin yankuna da sukafi yawan giwaye a yammacin Afirka, wanda aka kiyasta sama da 300 a shekara ta 2005. Yawan giwaye ya zama matsala ga kauyukan da ke kewaye a wasu lokutan yayin da dabbobin ke shiga gonakin gida a lokacin damina. Giwayen sun kuma kakkarya itacen kuka da dama daga dajin.

Tun daga shekara ta 2005, ana ɗaukar yankin da ake karewa azaman Sashin Kula da Zaki tare da dajin Kasa na Kainji. 

## Siffofi
Saboda ayyukan da ake yi a karkashin kasa, gandun dajin Yankari yana da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan dumi guda huɗu. An ba wa sansanin suna ne dangane da sanannen wuri wato, Wikki Spring, daga yaren Duguri na gida tare da "Wikki" ma'ana "ina kuke?" . Wikki Warm Spring shine rafi mafi girma kuma yana da faɗin mita 13.0 da zurfin mita 1.9. A kullum yana kwarara lita miliyan 21,000,000 na fili, ruwan magudanar ruwa zuwa kogin Gaji. Ruwan rafin na da dumi na kimanin 31.1&nbsp;°C duk shekara a cikin dare da rana kuma an inganta shi don nishaɗi.

Sauran maɓuɓɓugan ruwan masu dumi sun hada da Dimmil, Gwana, da kuma Mawulgo. Ruwa na biyar, Tungan Maliki, wanda shine kadai ruwa mai sanyi a wurin shakatawar.

### Shaidar matsugunan mutane na farko

* **Rijiyoyin Dukkey** - rijiyoyi 139 tare da ramukan da suka haɗe wanda ke wakiltar ingantaccen tsarin ajiyar ruwa. 
* **Kogunan Marshall** - kogon gidaje guda 59 da aka tona a cikin duwatsun sandstones, wanda PJ Marshall ya gano a shekarar 1980. Akwai zane-zane na dutse da ane a cikin siffar zigzag da madaidaiciyar layi. 
* **Dutsen Tunga**  - dutsen da ke da zane fiye da kogon Marshall. Rubuce-rubucen da ake karantawa sun shafi wani yanki a kan dutsen mai tsayin kusan mita 4m a cikin kogin Dwall. Ana iya ganin rubuce-rubucen. Duk da haka, ba a tantance shekarunsu da ma'anarsu ba 
* **Makeru/wurin sarrafa karafa** - ayyukan narka baƙin ƙarfe na shau shau wanda ke da kusan murhun wuta na tsaye guda 60, wadanda aka yi imanin su ne mafi girman masana'antar tarihi na wancan zamanin a Yankin Yammacin Afirka 

### Siffofin yanki

* **Tsaunin Kalban** - ma'ana "wuri mai lebur" tudun mai shafaffen sama yana ba masu yawon bude ido ikon kallon wurin shakatawa gaba daya
* **Tsaunin Kariyo** - wanda ke kusa da kogon Marshal kyakkyawan filin kallo ne
* **Tsaunin Paliyaram** – sanannen sansanin farauta ne, wanda yake  da nisan 10&nbsp;km daga Wikki.
* **Kwazazzabon Tonglong** - wani kwazazzabo ne mai ban sha'awa tare da tuddai masu alaƙa, buttes da tarkacensu na nan a yammacin wurin shakatawar.

## Duba kuma

* Sumu Wildlife Park

## Manazarta