Gimbiya Alice ta Ƙasar Ingila

**Gimbiya Alice** (Alice Maud Mary; 25 ga Afrilu 1843 - 14 ga Disamba 1878) ita ce Grand Duchess na Hesse kuma ta Rhine daga 13 ga Yuni 1877 har zuwa rasuwarta a 1878 a matsayin matar Grand Duke Louis IV . Ita ce 'ya ta uku kuma 'ya ta biyu ga Sarauniya Victoria da Yarima Albert na Saxe-Coburg da Gotha . Alice ita ce 'ya'ya tara na farko da Sarauniya Victoria ta haifa, kuma ɗaya daga cikin uku da ta rasu kafin mahaifiyarsu.

Alice ta yi yarintarta tare da iyayenta da 'yan uwanta, tana tafiya tsakanin gidajen sarautar Birtaniya . Babban abokin Yarima Albert kuma mai ba shi shawara, Christian Friedrich, Baron Stockmar ne ya tsara karatunta, kuma ya haɗa da ayyukan da suka shafi aikin allura da aikin katako da harsuna kamar Faransanci da Jamusanci. Lokacin da mahaifinta ya yi rashin lafiya mai tsanani a watan Disamba na 1861, Alice ta kula da shi har zuwa mutuwarsa. Bayan rasuwarsa, Sarauniya Victoria ta shiga cikin wani mawuyacin hali na makoki kuma Alice ta shafe watanni shida tana aiki a matsayin sakatariyar mahaifiyarta. A ranar 1 ga Yuli na 1862, yayin da kotun ke cikin mawuyacin hali, Alice ta auri ƙaramin yarima ɗan Jamus, Louis na Hesse. Bikin - wanda aka gudanar a sirri kuma ba tare da wani jinkiri ba a Osborne House - Sarauniya ta bayyana shi a matsayin "jana'iza fiye da aure". Rayuwar Alice a Darmstadt ba ta da daɗi sakamakon talauci, bala'in iyali da kuma taɓarɓarewar dangantaka da mijinta da mahaifiyarta.

Alice ta nuna sha'awar aikin jinya, musamman aikin Florence Nightingale . Lokacin da Hesse ta shiga cikin Yaƙin Austro-Prussian, Darmstadt ta cika da waɗanda suka ji rauni; Alice mai juna biyu ta ware mafi yawan lokacinta ga kula da asibitocin filin.  Ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyinta, Gimbiya Alice Women's Guild, ta karɓi mafi yawan ayyukan yau da kullun na asibitocin sojoji na jihar. Sakamakon wannan aikin, Sarauniya Victoria ta damu da yadda Alice ke kula da lafiya, musamman ma al'amuran mata. A shekara ta 1871, ta rubuta wa ƙanwar Alice, Gimbiya Louise, wacce ta yi aure kwanan nan: " *Kada ku* bari Alice ta damu da ku. Ku yi shiru *sosai* kuma ku yi taka tsantsan game da 'cikin gidanku '  . A shekara ta 1877, Alice ta zama babbar duchess bayan mijinta ya hau mulki, ƙarin ayyukanta sun ƙara haifar da damuwa ga lafiyarta. A ƙarshen shekara ta 1878, diphtheria ta kamu da cutar Hessian. Alice ta kula da iyalinta fiye da wata guda kafin ta yi rashin lafiya da kanta, ta mutu daga baya a wannan shekarar.

Alice 'yar'uwar Sarki Edward VII ce kuma Sarauniyar Jamus Victoria (matar Frederick III ), mahaifiyar Sarauniya Alexandra Feodorovna ta Rasha (matar Nicholas II ), kuma kakar uwa ga Sarauniya Louise ta Sweden (matar Gustaf VI Adolf ) da Louis Mountbatten, Earl Mountbatten na Burma ( Mataimakin ƙarshe na Indiya ). Wata 'yar, Elisabeth, wacce ta auri Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich na Rasha, kamar Alexandra da iyalinta, Bolsheviks sun kashe ta a 1918.

## Rayuwar farko

An haifi Alice da ƙarfe 4:00 na safe a ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 1843 a Fadar Buckingham da ke Landan . [1] An yi mata baftisma "Alice Maud Mary" a cikin cocin sirri da ke Fadar Buckingham ta hannun Babban Bishop na Canterbury, William Howley, a ranar 2 ga Yuni. Jima'inta ya samu karbuwa da ra'ayoyi daban-daban daga jama'a, har ma Majalisar Privy ta aika saƙo ga Albert tana bayyana "taya murna da ta'aziyya" kan haihuwar 'ya mace ta biyu. [2] Iyayenta su ne Ernest Augustus, Sarkin Hanover (kakanta; wanda Duke na Cambridge ya tsaya wa wakilci), Gimbiya Hohenlohe-Langenburg (goggonta; wanda Duchess na Kent ya tsaya wa wakilci), Yarima Mai Gado na Saxe-Coburg da Gotha (kawunta; wanda Babban Duke na Mecklenburg-Strelitz ya tsaya wa wakilci) da Gimbiya Sophia ta Gloucester (ɗan uwanta). [3]

Haihuwar Alice ta sa iyayenta suka nemi babban gidan iyali. Fadar Buckingham ba ta da gidajen zama na musamman da iyalan Victoria ke buƙata, gami da wuraren renon yara masu dacewa. Saboda haka, a shekara ta 1844, Victoria da Albert suka sayi Osborne House a Isle of Wight a matsayin gidan hutu na iyali. Mahaifinta da abokinsa na kud da kud, Baron Stockmar, sun ƙirƙiro ilimin Alice. A Osborne, an koya wa Alice da 'yan uwanta ƙwarewa kamar kula da gida, girki, lambu da aikin kafinta, da kuma darussan yau da kullun a Turanci, Faransanci da Jamusanci.  

Victoria da Albert sun fi son sarauta bisa ga ɗabi'un iyali; Alice da 'yan uwanta, waɗanda ke sanya tufafin matsakaicin matsayi a kowace rana, suna kwana a ɗakunan kwana marasa kayan ɗaki tare da ɗan dumama.  Alice ta yi sha'awar duniyar da ke wajen Gidan Sarauta ; a Balmoral, inda ta yi kama da ta fi farin ciki, ta ziyarci masu haya da ke zaune da aiki a gidan. A wani lokaci, ta tsere daga mai kula da gidanta a cocin Windsor Castle ta zauna a wurin biki na jama'a, don ta fahimci mutanen da ba sa bin ƙa'idodin sarauta sosai.  A shekara ta 1854, a lokacin Yaƙin Crimea, Alice mai shekaru goma sha ɗaya ta ziyarci asibitocin London don sojoji da suka ji rauni tare da mahaifiyarta da babbar 'yar uwarta.  Ita ce ta fi jin tausayin 'yan uwanta kuma tana tausaya wa nauyin wasu mutane, tana da harshe mai kaifi da kuma saurin fushi. 

### Manazarta