Zubar 2000 Baia Mare cyanide

Zubewar Baia Mare cyanide a shekara ta 2000 wani ɗigo ne na cyanide kusa da Baia Mare, Romania, zuwa cikin kogin Someș ta kamfanin hakar gwal na Aurul, haɗin gwiwar kamfanin Esmeralda Exploration na Australiya da gwamnatin Romania. 

Ruwan da aka ƙazantar ya kai kogin Tisza da kuma Danube, inda ya kashe kifaye masu yawa a Hungary, Serbia, da Romania. Ana kiran malalar da ta malala mafi muni a Turai tun bayan bala'in Chernobyl. 

## Tarihi
Aurul, ma'aikacin ma'adinai, wani kamfani ne na haɗin gwiwar da kamfanin Esmeralda Exploration na Australiya da gwamnatin Romania suka kafa. Kamfanin ya yi ikirarin cewa yana da ikon tsaftace wulakan da ke dafi a mahakar ma'adinan Baia Mare, wanda ya fara yaduwa a matsayin kura mai guba da iska ta yi. Da yake alƙawarin yin mu'amala da su tare da fitar da sauran zinare daga gare su ta hanyar sinadirai na gwal, kamfanin ya aika da sharar sa zuwa wani dam kusa da Bozânta Mare, gundumar Maramureș.

## Rashin madatsar ruwa
A daren ranar 30 ga Janairu, 2000, wani dam da ke ɗauke da gurɓataccen ruwa ya fashe sannan ya fashe da gurɓataccen ruwan cubic mita 100,000 (3,500,000 cu ft) na gurɓataccen ruwan cyanide (wanda ke ɗauke da kimanin tan 100 metric tons [bayani da ake buƙata] na cyanide) sannan ya zube a cikin gonaki.. 

Esmeralda Exploration ta zargi dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa saboda gazawar madatsar ruwan.

## Tasirin
Bayan zubewar, Someș sun sami adadin cyanide sama da sau 700 matakan da aka halatta. Someș na kwarara zuwa cikin Tisza, kogi na biyu mafi girma a Hungary, wanda daga nan ya kwarara zuwa cikin Danube. Zubewar ta gurɓata kayayyakin sha na sama da mutanen Hungary miliyan 2.5.  Baya ga cyanide, an kuma wanke ƙarfe mai nauyi a cikin kogi kuma yana da mummunar tasiri ga muhalli.

An shafi namun daji musamman akan Tisza: a gefe,  kusan an kashe dukkan abubuwa masu rai, sannan kuma a kudu, a sashin Serbia, an kashe kashi 80% na rayuwar ruwa; Ton 200 na shi kifin ne da ke cikin wadannan kogunan.

Kifaye masu yawa sun mutu sakamakon malalar cyanide, wanda ya shafi nau'in kifaye 62, wanda 20 daga cikinsu nau'in kariya ne. Gwamnatin Romania ta yi ikirarin cewa kifin ya mutu ne saboda sanyi, kuma ba su da laifi. A kasar Hungary, masu aikin sa kai sun shiga aikin kawar da matattun kifin don hana bala'in yaduwa a sassan abinci, kamar yadda sauran dabbobi, irin su foxe, otters da ospreys suka mutu bayan cin gurbataccen kifin.

Bayan cyanide ya shiga Danube, babban adadin ruwan kogin ya narkar da cyanide,  amma a wasu sassan har yanzu ya kasance har zuwa sau 20 zuwa 50 mafi girman da aka ba da izini. 

Bayan shekaru biyu da malalar, yanayin ya fara farfadowa, amma har yanzu ya yi nisa da yanayin da yake da shi kafin kamuwa da shi; Masunta na Hungary sun yi iƙirarin cewa kamawar da suka yi a 2002 ya kasance a kashi na biyar na matakan a 1999.

## Ruwan da ya biyo baya
Makonni biyar bayan haka, zubar da ruwa mai gurbatawa (a wannan lokacin tare da karafa masu nauyi) ya mamaye yankin. Wani dyke ya fashe a Băile Borșa, Maramureș County da kuma 20,000 cubic mita na zinc, gubar da ruwan da aka gurbata da jan ƙarfe ya shiga cikin Tisza.

## Halin da aka yi
Brett Montgomery, shugaban kamfanin hakar ma'adinan, Esmeralda, ya musanta alhakinsa, yana mai cewa barnar da malalar ta yi "an yi karin gishiri sosai" kuma kifin ya mutu da yawa saboda rashin iskar oxygen sakamakon daskarewar kogin.

Daga baya mai magana da yawun kamfanin ya yi ikirarin cewa rahotannin kafafen yada labarai daga kasashen Hungary da Sabiya na da nasaba da siyasa kuma kifin ya mutu ne sakamakon malalar da aka samu daga masana'antun masana'antu da ke gefen Tisza, sakamakon fashewar wani abu mai karfi da ake amfani da shi wajen karya makullin kankara a kogin ko kuma kawai saboda danyen najasa da aka zuba a cikin kogin.

Gwamnatin Hungary ta kira adana cyanide kusa da hauka na kogi kuma ta yi jayayya cewa yanayin ba a taɓa gani ba. Wani rahoto na Tarayyar Turai game da bala'in ya zargi kuskuren ƙira a ma'adinin.

A tsakiyar watan Fabrairun 2000, yayin da malalar ta isa yankin Danube na Romania, gwamnatin Romania ta dakatar da kamun kifi na dan lokaci da kuma amfani da ruwan Danube wajen sha.

## Kyauta
Kungiyoyin muhalli, kamar Abokan Duniya  da Greenpeace, sun yi jayayya cewa bala'in wani dalili ne na hana fasahar hakar ma'adinai mai haɗari kamar hakar zinariya ta amfani da fasahar leaching cyanide.

Ƙarfe na Jamus Rammstein ya samar da waƙa game da zube, mai suna "Donaukinder" (Yaran Danube).

An yi ƙoƙari uku a majalisar dokokin Romania don hana fasa-kwaurin zinare a Romania, babu wanda ya yi nasara.

## Dubi kuma

* Ruwan madatsar ruwan Val di Stava
* 1998 Rashin ganuwar madatsar ruwa na ma'adinin Aznalcollar
* Hadarin shuka na Ajka alumina

## Bayanan da aka ambata