Alexandrina Cantacuzino

**Alexandrina "Didina" Cantacuzino** (née Pallady; wanda aka fi sani da **Alexandrina Grigore Cantacuzino** da (Francized) **Alexandrine Cantacuzene**; 20 Satumba 1876 - 1944) 'yar gwagwarmayar siyasa ce ta Romanian, mai ba da agaji da diflomasiyya, ɗaya daga cikin manyan' 'yan mata na ƙasar ta a cikin shekarun 1920 da 1930. Shugabar Majalisar Mata ta Romania da Kungiyar Mata ta Romania, ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Mata ta Duniya, wakiltar Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya ta Duniya, da Romania, zuwa Ƙungiyar Al'ummai. Koyaya, imanin mata da bayanan kasa da kasa sun yi karo da ra'ayin mazan jiya na kasa, goyon bayanta ga eugenics, kuma a ƙarshe ta tuba zuwa fascism.

Cantacuzino memba ne na manyan mutanen Romania, kuma, bayan aurenta da mai mallakar ƙasa mai arziki Grigore Gheorghe Cantacuзино, ta yi ikirarin taken "Princess". Matsayinta da kuma mata sun kai ta ga shiga kungiyar agaji ta SONFR, wanda ta zama shugabarta bayan yakin duniya na farko. Nursar lokacin yaƙi, ta zama mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen tunawa da yaƙi (mai alhakin, a babban bangare, ga Mausoleum na Mărășești).

Bayan ta shiga cikin Majalisar Mata ta Romania, ta goyi bayan iyakantaccen ikon mata a cikin tsarin kamfanoni, ta rasa goyon bayan mata masu sassaucin ra'ayi, amma kuma ta gina alaƙa da 'yan siyasa na fascist. Manufofin Cantacuzino a cikin Kungiyar Mata ta Romania an nuna su a cikin dokokin mulkin fascist na yakin duniya na biyu, wanda ya fara da National Renaissance Front .

Da tausayi ga juyin juya halin fascist Iron Guard, wanda ɗanta Alecu shi ma mai alaƙa ne, Cantacuzino ta sauya goyon bayanta ga gwamnatin Ion Antonescu a farkon 1941. Bayan da ta ba da rahoto ga Ƙungiyar Al'ummai game da lalacewar da Yaƙin basasar Spain ya haifar, ta kuma soki Antonescu game da kisan kiyashi na Odessa na 1941. Wannan ita ce sanannen sanannen sanarwa. Cantacuzino ya mutu, a cikin duhu, ba da daɗewa ba bayan faduwar Antonescu.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
Alexandrina Pallady, wanda aka fi sani da sunan dabba *Didina*, an haife ta ne a Ciocănești, ƙauyen da ke cikin Gundumar Dâmbovița (amma, a cikin 1876, har yanzu yana cikin yankin Ilfov).  An san ranar haihuwarta a matsayin 20 ga Satumba 1876,  amma wasu kafofin sun yi kuskuren ba da ita a matsayin 1877 ko 1881. 

Ta kasance ta hanyar haihuwa memba na manyan rukunin Wallachia_and_Moldova" id="mwOQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Boyars of Wallachia and Moldavia">Boyar: mahaifinta, Lieutenant Colonel Theodor Pallady (1847/1853-1916), wani aristocrat daga yankin gabashin (kuma tsohuwar jiha) na Moldavia, ya sami bambanci a cikin Sojojin ƙasar Romania; mahaifiyarta, wanda kuma ake kira Alexandrina (1845/1848 - 1881), ta kasance Kretzulescu boyaress daga Wallachia, kuma magajin babban dukiya. Ta hanyar mahaifiyar Pallady, Alexandrina ta fito ne daga wani gidan boyar, Ghicas, wanda ya mallaki gidan a Ciocănești.

Aure ya haifi 'ya'ya hudu a duka, amma Alexandrina ita kadai ce ta tsira daga jariri. Daga wani al'amari da Maria Stamatiade, Theodor Pallady yana da ɗa, mawaki mai suna Alexandru Teodor "Al. T. Stamatiad (an haife shi a shekara ta 1885).  Iyalin mahaifin Alexandrina sun kuma samar da wasu masu ilimi masu mahimmanci: Theodor Iancu Pallady, mai zane-zane na zamani, da Lucia Sturdza-Bulandra, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, 'yan uwan Lt. Col. Pallady ne, kuma saboda haka' yan uwan Alexandrina da Al. T. Stamatiad.

Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta a shekara ta 1881, mahaifiyarta, Eliza Ghica ce ta haifi Alexandrina mai shekaru biyar, kuma mijinta, Vladimir M. Ghica ne ya karbe ta. Tare da kuɗin Ghica, ta sami damar neman karatu a kasashen waje, a Faransa. A cikin ko a kusa da 1899,  bayan mutuwar Eliza Ghica,  Alexandrina Pallady-Ghica tana zaune a babban birnin Romania, Bucharest, inda ta auri mai son siyasa Grigore Gheorghe Cantacuzino - wanda aka sani da Griguță Cantacuзино ko, da ba'a, da Prensul ("Princeling").  Cikakken sunanta daga baya ya zama *Alexandrina Grigore Cantacuzino* (wani lokacin ana taƙaita shi a matsayin Alexandrina Gr. Cantacuзино), tare da haɗa sunan mijinta a matsayin mai kula. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&#x5B;**&#x5D;

Aure ya sa Cantacuzino ta shiga cikin manyan al'umma, kuma ya kawo ta cikin hulɗa da manyan Jam'iyyar Conservative. Iyalin Cantacuzino, na asalin Phanariote, sun kasance masu tasiri sosai a cikin harkokin siyasa na Moldavia da Wallachia. Surukinta shi ne majistare, mai tsara manufofi na Conservative kuma tsohon Firayim Minista Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino (1833-1913). Ya kuma kasance daya daga cikin manyan masu mallakar dukiya a Masarautar Romania, wanda aka sani da *Nababul* ("Nawab").  Surukinta shi ne Mihail G. "Mișu" Cantacuzino (1867-1928), wanda ya kasance Ministan shari'a kuma shugaban ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.

Cantacuzinos sun bayyana da'awar taken sarauta, wanda, kodayake ba shi da amfani a ƙarƙashin dokar Romania, ya ba Alexandrina damar yin salon kanta "Princess Cantacuzino".

A cewar masanin tarihi Marian Pruteanu, Alexandrina "mai tara kayan ado da lakabi ne", wanda ya yi nazarin asalin asali tare da burin kafa dangantakar jininsa da iyalai masu daraja daban-daban. Alamun dukiyar iyalinta sun haɗa da ɗaya daga cikin motocin farko na Bucharest.

### Farawar SONFR

Alexandrina da Grigore suna da 'ya'ya maza uku, dukansu an haife su tsakanin 1900 da 1905,  kafin iyayensu biyu su koma aikin su na jama'a. A cikin 1910, Alexandrina ta shiga ƙungiyar agaji ta Orthodox na Romania, Ƙungiyar Orthodox ta Ƙasa ta Mata ta Romania (*Societatea Ortodoxă Națională a Femeilor Române*, SONFR). Duk da yake galibi ana kiranta memba ne na kafa,   al'umma na iya kasancewa a ƙarƙashin sunan daban tun farkon 1893, tare da Ecaterina Cantacuzino, matar Gheorghe, a matsayin shugabanta.

Babban jigon SONFR rukuni ne na manyan mata, ciki har da Alexandrina Cantacuzino kuma, da sauransu, Zoe Râmniceanu, Elena Odobescu, Anastasia Filipescu, Maria Glagoveanu, Sultana Miclescu da Zetta Manu. Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, SONFR ya kasance a kan masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na mata na Romania, inda ya "karfafawa matsayin gargajiya na mata a matsayin uwaye da mata",  kasancewar ba na siyasa ba. Koyaya, ba da daɗewa ba al'umma ta shiga cikin ayyukan da ke kusa, kamar yada farfaganda tsakanin Romanians na Transylvania, Bukovina, da sauran sassan Austria-Hungary, da kuma yada wasikun nuna rashin amincewa da Magialization.

Kodayake "Nawab" da sauran masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ne suka dauki nauyin SONFR, irin waɗannan matsayi na akidar sun yi tasiri tare da shirin Liberal na Spiru Haret, Ministan ilimi, wanda ya ba da cikakken goyon bayansa. Tare da irin waɗannan hanyoyin samun kudaden shiga, tare da rancen banki da gudummawar masu zaman kansu, SONFR ta kafa makarantun 'yan mata biyu, Makarantun yara 17 (na farko daga cikinsu yana Dorobanți), da ɗakunan karatu na jama'a 22. Wasu daga cikin kudaden sun shiga kai tsaye zuwa sayen ƙasa ga al'ummomin manoma na Romania a Transylvania da sauran wurare, tare da gina makarantu har zuwa nesa kamar Chernowitz, Geaca, da Markovac.

Mambobin SONFR sun haɗa da 'yan mata masu sassaucin ra'ayi, kamar su Calypso Botez; Cantacuzino kanta ba ta da alaƙa da wannan halin yanzu, kodayake ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "mace".   Kamar yadda masanin tarihin jinsi Roxana Cheșchebec ya lura, Cantacuzino da farko ya kasance masu daraja, wanda ya yi imani da cika "aikin tarihi na manyan ɗalibai", yana mai da hankali kan taimakawa "marasa galihu a matsayin hanyar yin hidima ga ƙasar da al'umma. "  Pruteanu ta lura da haka, wanda kuma ya rubuta da'awarta cewa mutanen Romania sun rayu "a waje da kisan kai da ke kewaye da mu".  Pruteano ya yi imani cewa Cantacucino yana "haɓawace", tare da rashin daidaituwa da "haɓaka" har abada".

A halin yanzu, a cikin 1913, an nada Grigore a matsayin magajin gari na Bucharest a yayin "Tramcar Affair", wanda ya mamaye jam'iyyar adawa ta National Liberal Party. A cewar majiyoyin zamani, ya ba da nadin ne kawai ga "Nawab", wanda a lokacin yana yin aikinsa na karshe na hukuma, na Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai. Babban gidan Cantacuzino ya rabu tsakanin 'ya'ya maza biyu, dukansu biyu sun yi amfani da Zamora Castle na Bușteni. Ya kasance don zama wurin koma baya akai-akai ga dangin sarauta na Romania. A shekara ta 1915, Alexandrina ta kuma gaji dukiyar mahaifinta na tallafi, gami da Ciocănești . 

### Yaƙin Duniya na I

Farawar Yaƙin Duniya na sanya Romania cikin mawuyacin hali. Daga shekara ta 1914 zuwa lokacin rani na shekara ta 1916, majalisar ministocin Liberal ta Ion I. C. Brătianu ta kiyaye tsaka-tsaki na kasar (*duba Romania a lokacin yakin duniya na*). Ra'ayin jama'a ya rabu sosai tsakanin magoya bayan Entente Powers da "Germanophiles" - wadanda suka fi son Central Powers, musamman Jamus. Grigore Cantacuzino ya kasance tsakanin bangarorin biyu, amma jaridarsa biyu, *Minerva* da *Seara*, suna da alaƙa da Germanophilia. A watan Satumbar shekara ta 1914, wata kungiya ta Jamus ta sayi su daga gare shi, kuma sun zama masu magana da farfagandar Jamus.

Following the 1916 Treaty with the Entente, King Ferdinand I and Premier Brătianu agreed to join the war against the Central Powers. This had the effect of silencing Germanophile dissidence. Alexandrina volunteered for work as a nurse. In August 1916, she became manager of the No. 113 Hospital, set up at the SONFR Institute in Bucharest with funds from the National Bank of Romania (her assistant managers were Elena Odobescu and Elena Perticari). By the end of the year, however, the Romanian Army was on the retreat everywhere, with the Germans in sight of Bucharest. King and government followed the Army retreat into Moldavia, where they remained besieged until 1918. The invasion further divided the Cantacuzino family, between those who aligned themselves with the German regime in Bucharest, and those who, as loyalists, fought against the Germans in Moldavia. The Zamora Castle was requisitioned by the Imperial German Army, serving as residence for the governor, August von Mackensen.

## Manazarta