Shari'ar Gürtel

**Shari'ar Gürtel** babbar badakalar cin hanci da rashawa ce ta siyasa a Spain wadda ta shafi daruruwan jami'an jam'iyyar People's Party (PP), babbar jam'iyyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ta Spain, wadanda daga baya aka tilasta wa wasu daga cikinsu yin murabus ko kuma aka dakatar da su.

Gürtel yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan badakalar cin hanci da rashawa a tarihin Turai na baya-bayan nan kuma an danganta shi da badakalar da ta shafi hakan, kamar shari'ar Bárcenas, wacce ta jawo hankalin kafofin watsa labarai. Shari'ar ta jawo hankalin jama'a a farkon shekarar 2009, amma a mafi yawan lokuta, ba a gurfanar da waɗanda ake zargin a gaban kotu ba sai a watan Oktoban shekarar 2016.

An bai wa wannan bincike suna Gürtel a cikin wata ma'anar sirri ga ɗaya daga cikin manyan waɗanda ake zargi, Francisco Correa Sánchez (correa, a cikin Sifaniyanci, ma'ana 'belt' a Turanci, ana fassara shi zuwa Gürtel a Jamusanci). Correa ɗan kasuwa ne wanda ya ƙulla alaƙa da jami'an PP. 'Yan sandan Spain sun fara binciken ayyukansa a shekarar 2007, bayan da mai fallasa bayanai, Ana Garrido Ramos, ta bayar da bayanai game da zargin cin hanci da rashawa a yankin Madrid.

Zarge-zargen sun hada da cin hanci, karkatar da kudi, da kauce wa haraji. Sun haɗa da ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwa da Correa da' yan siyasa daga Jam'iyyar Jama'a ke jagoranta, kodayake wasu shaidun da aka ambata ga mahalarta ta hanyar asali da laƙabi, kamar "Luis el Cabron". Ayyukan da ake zargi da haramtacciyar doka da suka shafi kudade na jam'iyya da kuma bayar da kwangila ta kananan hukumomi / yankuna a Valencia,  da Community of Madrid, da sauran wurare. Kimanin farko na asarar ga kudaden jama'a ya kai akalla € 120,000,000, yayin da wasu daga cikin zargin cin hanci da aka biya ba su da yawa (alal misali, kayan tufafin alatu).

A ranar 24 ga Mayu 2018, Audiencia Nacional, babbar kotun aikata laifuka ta Spain, ta sami mutane da yawa, da kuma Jam'iyyar Jama'a mai mulki, da laifin zamba, karkatar da kudi, da cin hanci da rashawa ba bisa ka'ida ba.

## Tsarin shari'a

Baltasar Garzón ne ya fara binciken shari'a, mai jarrabawar majistare na Juzgado Central de Instrucción No. 5, kotun da ke binciken manyan laifuka a Spain, gami da ta'addanci, aikata laifuka, da kuma karkatar da kudi. Garzón yana da mutane biyar da ake zargi, ciki har da Correa, wanda aka tsare a watan Fabrairun 2009.

An dakatar da Garzón a matsayin alkali a shekarar 2010, yana jiran shari'arsa kan zargin wuce gona da iri kan wata shari'a da ba ta da alaƙa da Gürtel (binciken da ya yi kan laifukan Francoist a kan bil'adama). Daga ƙarshe an soke wannan dakatarwar, amma har yanzu tana aiki lokacin da, a shekarar 2011, aka sake dakatar da Garzón, a wannan karon ana jiran shari'ar saboda keta haƙƙin lauya da abokin ciniki a shari'ar Gürtel (ya yi rikodin tattaunawa tsakanin waɗanda ake zargi da tsare da lauyoyinsu da kuma waɗanda ake tuhuma.

An sake ba da shari'ar ga Alkalin .[es] A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2011, Pedreira ya sanya belin ga Correa a € 15,000,000, wanda aka ruwaito  adadi na biyu mafi girma a tarihin shari'ar Mutanen Espanya. Kungiyar lauyoyin Correa ta daukaka kara, suna cewa adadin bai dogara ne akan kimanta dukiyar abokin ciniki ba, saboda an toshe damar Correa ga wasu asusun, kuma akwai rashin tabbas game da yawan dukiyar da yake da ita a kasashen waje. An saki Correa a kan beli a watan Yunin 2012, lokacin da aka maye gurbin Pedreira, wanda ke fama da Cutar Parkinson, da alƙali na uku don kula da shari'ar, Pablo Ruz. Ruz ya rage adadin da ake buƙata zuwa Yuro 200,000, raguwa wanda ke nuna ba kawai ikon da ake tuhuma ke da shi na biyan kuɗi ba har ma da tsawon lokacin da aka tsare shi a kurkuku, wanda ke kusa da iyakar yiwuwar a ƙarƙashin dokar Mutanen Espanya.

Binciken ya ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo saboda dalilai daban-daban, gami da yawan wadanda ake zargi da jinkirin karɓar bayanai daga bankunan kasashen waje. A cikin 2014, Alkalin Ruz ya sanar da cewa yana cikin matsayi na ci gaba da tuhuma 45, bayan ya raba shari'ar zuwa "epochs" daban-daban, na farko da ya shafi laifukan da ake zargi da aikata a cikin 1999-2005.  Koyaya, an cire Ruz daga shari'ar a lokacin da kashi na farko ya zo shari'a, a cikin 2016.

### Gürtel a Valencia
Wani shari'ar da ta shafi reshen Valencian na hanyar sadarwar da ake zargi ya tafi kotu da sauri. An san shi a cikin manema labarai a matsayin al'amarin "ƙofar", saboda ya haɗa da zarge-zarge game da kayan da ake zaton an ba da su ga fitaccen ɗan siyasan Valencian Francisco Camps .  Bayan korar wani bangare a shekara ta 2009, Kotun Koli ta Spain ta ba da umarnin sake buɗe shi. A shekara ta 2011, Camps ya yi murabus a matsayin Firayim Minista na Valencian kuma shugaban jam'iyyar Valencian Partido Popular don kauce wa shari'a yayin da yake ofis. An sami sansanin ba shi da laifi a shekarar 2012,  kuma an tabbatar da hukuncin a kan roko. Koyaya, an ga shari'ar ta lalace aikin Camps.

A watan Janairun 2018, Ricardo Costa, tsohon jami'in PPCV, ya yarda cewa jam'iyyarsa ta sami kudi da "dirty money". Wannan shigarwa ta zama don bincike a cikin "ƙungiyoyi" na lardunan Castellón, Valencia da Alicante.

A ranar 24 ga Mayu 2018, an yanke wa 'yan siyasa da' yan kasuwa da yawa na Spain, ciki har da Correa, mataimakinsa Pablo Crespo, da tsohon mai ba da kuɗi na Spain Luis Bárcenas, hukunci a cikin shari'ar Gürtel.  An yanke wa Correa hukuncin shekaru 51 a kurkuku, yayin da aka daure Crespo na shekaru 37 da watanni shida. Bárcenas, abokiyar Firayim Ministan Spain Mariano Rajoy,  ya sami hukuncin shekaru 33 da tarar € 44m. An daure matar Bárcenas, Rosalía Iglesias, na tsawon shekaru 15, kuma tsohuwar matar Correa, Carmen Rodríguez Quijano, na tsawon shekara 14 da watanni takwas. An kuma ba da umarnin cewa Jam'iyyar Jama'a mai mulki ta shiga cikin shirin cin zarafi tun daga shekara ta 1989.  Daga cikin mutane 37 da ake tuhuma, an yanke 29 hukunci, yayin da aka wanke 8. Bayan wannan, a ranar 1 ga Yuni, an kori Firayim Minista Rajoy ta hanyar kuri'un rashin amincewa.

## Bayanan kafofin watsa labarai

Kafin shekarar 2013, martanin da aka mayar kan Gürtel galibi ya rabu bisa ga manufofin jam'iyya, inda kafofin watsa labarai masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ke rage muhimmancin zarge-zargen. Jaridar yau da kullun mafi girma a Spain, El País mai ra'ayin hagu na tsakiya, wacce a al'ada ke goyon bayan PSOE, ta lashe babbar kyautar manema labarai (Ortega y Gasset) a shekarar 2010 saboda aikin jarida na bincike da ya shafi Gürtel.[1] Público, wata jarida mai ra'ayin hagu fiye da El País, ita ma ta ba da rahoto sosai ga lamarin.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

A cikin 2013, hoton ya zama mafi rikitarwa, yayin da Shari'ar Barcenas ta fara raba masu jefa kuri'a na Jam'iyyar Jama'a. Yayinda *ABC* mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ta ci gaba da bin layin jam'iyya, El Mundo mai tsakiya na tsakiya ya ɗauki wasu manyan wahayi game da shari'ar.

## Cin hanci da rashawa a Spain
An yi jayayya cewa matsalar da ke tattare da ita ba ta siyasa ba ce amma tsarin da ba ya buƙatar nuna gaskiya wajen bayar da kwangila. Spain ta kasance a matsayi na arba'in a cikin Bayanan Cin Hanci da rashawa na Transparency International na 2013 (wanda ya sauka daga matsayi na talatin).   A cikin 2016, kwamishinan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa na farko na Spain ya fara aiki.

## Takardun Bárcenas
Janairu 2013 ya ga manyan wahayi game da ayyukan Luis Bárcenas, tsohon mai ba da kuɗi na Partido Popular. Tsarin shari'a na Mutanen Espanya ya fitar da bayanai daga hukumomin Switzerland game da ma'amala da shi na kudi a Switzerland, kuma manema labarai sun ba da rahoton cewa ana zargin kudaden da ake yi don amfanin Partido Popular. Zargin tallafin jam'iyya ba bisa ka'ida ba ya fito ne daga El Mundo, babbar jaridar tsakiya ta Spain, wacce ke kusa da Partido Popular. Ya yi zargin cewa an yi amfani da gudummawar sirri don biyan kuɗi a ƙarƙashin tebur ("backhanders") ga jami'an jam'iyya. Da yake ambaton kafofin a cikin Partido Popular, jaridar ta bayyana don share shugabancinta na yanzu, tana mai cewa an ba da rahoton biyan kuɗi tsakanin 1989 da 2009.

A *Kasar* 31 ga watan Janairu, El País ta buga facsimiles na asusun da aka rubuta da hannu, wanda ake zargin daga hannun Barcenas da kuma ba da cikakken bayani game da kudade, wanda ya ba da rahoton jimlar Yuro 250,000 da aka biya tsohon Firayim Minista Mariano Rajoy ba bisa ka'ida ba. Kudin da ake zargin sun fito ne daga kamfanonin gine-gine masu zaman kansu, *Kasar* FCC da OHL. Wannan, idan an tabbatar da zarge-zargen, zai haifar da ƙarin tambayoyi game da bunkasa gine-gine na Spain. Duk da yake PP ta shigar da *Kasar* a kan El País (wanda daga baya ya sauke), ba ta dauki mataki a kan El Mundo ba. Babban Lauyan Eduardo Torres-Dulce ya umarci mai gabatar da kara na yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ya bincika duk wata alaƙa da za a iya danganta tsakanin biyan kuɗi da aka ba jami'an Partido Popular da kuma shigar da karar a cikin shari'ar Gürtel. A cikin 2014, El País ta yi sharhi cewa yana da wahala a zana layin bayyane tsakanin shari'o'in biyu - Gürtel da Barcenas .  Koyaya, kotunan Mutanen Espanya suna aiwatar da shari'o'in daban.

## Bayanan da aka ambata