Elvis Presley

**Elvis Aaron Presley** (Janairu 8, 1935 - Agusta 16, 1977), ko kuma kawai **Elvis**, mawaƙi ne kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Ba'amurke. An yi masa lakabi da "Sarkin Rock and Roll", ana masa kallon daya daga cikin manyan al'adun gargajiya na karni na 20. Fassarar kuzarinsa na waƙoƙi da salon wasan motsa jiki haɗe tare da tasirin tasirin  guda ɗaya a cikin layukan launi yayin lokacin canji a cikin dangantakar tsere, ya kai shi ga babban nasara ta farko.

An haifi Presley a Tupelo, Mississippi, kuma ya ƙaura zuwa Memphis, Tennessee, tare da danginsa lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13. Ayyukan kiɗansa ya fara a can a cikin 1954, yana yin rikodi a Sun Records tare da mai shirya Sam Phillips, wanda ya so ya kawo sautin kiɗa na Afirka na Amurka zuwa ga masu sauraro. Presley, a kan gitar acoustic na rhythm, kuma tare da jagoran guitarist Scotty Moore da bassist Bill Black, ya kasance majagaba na rockabilly, mai haɓakawa, haɗakar kiɗan ƙasa da rhythm da blues . A cikin 1955, drummer DJ Fontana ya shiga don kammala jeri na Presley's classic quartet kuma RCA Victor ya sami kwangilarsa a cikin yarjejeniyar da Kanar Tom Parker ya shirya, wanda zai sarrafa shi fiye da shekaru ashirin. Presley na farko RCA Victor guda, "Heartbreak Hotel", an sake shi a cikin Janairu 1956 kuma ya zama lamba-daya a Amurka. A cikin shekara guda, RCA za ta sayar da Presley guda miliyan goma. Tare da jerin nasarorin fitowar talabijin na cibiyar sadarwa da kuma bayanan ginshiƙi, Presley ya zama babban jigo na sabon mashahurin sauti na dutsen da nadi, kodayake salon wasan kwaikwayonsa da haɓaka sautin da ba a taɓa gani ba na Ba-Amurkawa  ya haifar da hakan. ana yi masa kallon a matsayin barazana ga zaman lafiyar matasan farar fata Amurkawa.

A cikin Nuwamba 1956, Presley ya fara fitowa a fim a *Love Me Tender*. An zana shi cikin aikin soja a cikin 1958, Presley ya sake buɗe aikinsa na rikodi shekaru biyu bayan haka tare da wasu ayyukan da ya yi nasara na kasuwanci. Ya gudanar da kide-kide kadan, duk da haka, kuma Parker ya jagoranta, ya ci gaba da ba da mafi yawan shekarun 1960 don yin fina-finai na Hollywood da kundi na sauti, mafi yawansu abin ba'a ne. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun fina-finansa sun haɗa da *Jailhouse Rock* (1957), *Blue Hawaii* (1961), da *Viva Las Vegas* (1964). A cikin 1968, bayan hutu na shekaru bakwai daga wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa, ya koma mataki a cikin gidan talabijin na musamman na *Elvis* mai ban sha'awa, wanda ya haifar da tsawaita wurin zama na kide-kide na Las Vegas da jerin balaguron fa'ida. A cikin 1973, Presley ya ba da kide-kide na farko ta wani mawakin solo don watsa shirye-shirye a duniya, *Aloha daga Hawaii*. Shekaru da yawa na shan miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma halayen cin abinci mara kyau sun yi mummunar illa ga lafiyarsa, kuma ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani a cikin 1977 a gidansa na Graceland yana da shekaru 42.

Bayan sayar da fiye da miliyan 500 rikodin a duk duniya, Presley an gane shi a matsayin mafi kyawun siyar da kiɗan solo na kowane lokaci ta *Guinness World Records .* Ya kasance mai nasara ta kasuwanci a nau'o'i da yawa, ciki har da pop, ƙasa, rhythm amp; blues, babba na zamani, da bishara . Presley ya lashe lambar yabo ta Grammy guda uku, ya karɓi lambar yabo ta Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award yana da shekaru 36, kuma an shigar da shi cikin ɗakunan kiɗa da yawa na shahara. Yana riƙe da bayanai da yawa, ciki har da mafi yawan RIAA ƙwararrun zinare da albam ɗin platinum, mafi yawan kundin da aka tsara akan  200, mafi yawan kundi guda ɗaya ta wani mawaƙin solo akan Chart Albums na UK, da kuma mafi yawan adadin-daya ta kowane aiki. akan Chart Singles UK. A cikin 2018, an ba Presley lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa na 'Yanci.

## Rayuwa da aiki

### 1935–1953: Shekarun farko

#### Yarinta a Tupelo

An haifi Elvis Aaron Presley a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 1935, a Tupelo, Mississippi, zuwa Vernon Elvis (Afrilu 10, 1916 - Yuni 26, 1979) da Gladys Love (*née* Smith; Afrilu 25, 1912-Agusta 14, 1958) Presley a cikin gidan bindiga mai daki biyu wanda mahaifinsa ya gina don bikin. Elvis's tagwaye iri ɗaya, Jesse Garon Presley, an ba da minti 35 a gabansa, haifaffen. Presley ya kasance kusa da iyayen biyu kuma ya kulla dangantaka ta musamman da mahaifiyarsa. Iyalin sun halarci cocin Majalisar Allah, inda ya sami wahayinsa na farko na kiɗa.
Mahaifin Presley, Vernon, ɗan Jamus ne,  asalin Scotland da Ingilishi.  Ya kasance zuriyar dangin Harrison na Virginia ta wurin kakansa Tunis Hood.  Mahaifiyar Presley, Gladys, Scots-Irish ce tare da wasu zuriyar Norman ta Faransa.  Mahaifiyarsa da sauran dangin sun yi imanin cewa kakar kakarta, Morning Dove White, ita ce Cherokee.    Jikan Elvis Riley Keough ya sake maimaita wannan imani a cikin 2017.  Elaine Dundy, a cikin tarihin rayuwarta, yana goyan bayan imani. 

Vernon ya ƙaura daga aiki mara kyau zuwa na gaba, yana nuna ɗan buri.   Iyalin sukan dogara da taimako daga makwabta da taimakon abinci na gwamnati. A cikin 1938, sun rasa gidansu bayan an sami Vernon da laifin canza rajistan da mai gidansa da kuma wani ma'aikaci ya rubuta. An daure shi na tsawon watanni takwas, yayin da Gladys da Elvis suka koma tare da dangi. 

A watan Satumba 1941, Presley ya shiga aji na farko a Gabashin Tupelo Consolidated, inda malamansa suka dauke shi a matsayin "matsakaici".  An ƙarfafa shi ya shiga gasar waƙa bayan ya burge malamin makarantarsa tare da fassarar waƙar ƙasar Red Foley "Old Shep" a lokacin sallar asuba. Gasar, da aka gudanar a Mississipi–Alabama Fair da Nunin Kiwo a ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 1945, ita ce wasansa na farko na jama'a. Presley mai shekaru goma ta tsaya kan kujera don isa makirufo ta rera "Old Shep". Ya tuna sanya na biyar.  Bayan 'yan watanni, Presley ya karbi guitar ta farko don ranar haihuwarsa; ya yi begen wani abu dabam-ta lissafin daban-daban, ko dai keke ko bindiga.   Presley ya tuna, "Na ɗauki guitar, kuma ina kallon mutane, kuma na koyi wasa kadan. Amma ba zan taɓa yin waƙa a cikin jama'a ba. Na ji kunya sosai game da shi." 

A cikin Satumba 1946, Presley ya shiga sabuwar makaranta, Milam, don aji shida; an dauke shi a matsayin shi kadai. A shekara mai zuwa, ya fara kawo guitar ɗinsa zuwa makaranta a kullum. Ya yi wasa da rera waƙa a lokacin cin abinci, kuma sau da yawa ana yi masa ba'a a matsayin ɗan "shara" mai kunna kiɗan tudu . A lokacin, dangin suna zaune ne a unguwar da baƙar fata.  Presley ya kasance mai sadaukarwa ga wasan kwaikwayon Mississippi Slim a gidan rediyon Tupelo WELO . An bayyana shi a matsayin "mai hauka game da kiɗa" ta kanin Slim, wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin abokan karatun Presley kuma sau da yawa yakan kai shi tashar. Slim ya kara wa Presley koyarwar gitar ta hanyar nuna fasahohin kida.  Lokacin da *abokinsa* ya kasance ɗan shekara goma sha biyu, Slim ya tsara shi don wasanni biyu na kan iska. An shawo kan Presley da fargabar mataki a karon farko, amma ya yi nasarar yin wasan mako mai zuwa. 

## Manazarta