Ƙazamin yaƙi

**The Dirty War** (Mutanen Espanya: Guerra sucia) shine sunan da sojojin mulkin soja ko mulkin kama-karya na kasar Argentina (Spanish: dictadura cívico-militar de Argentina) ke amfani da shi don lokacin ta'addanci a Argentina daga 1974 zuwa 1983. A lokacin wannan yakin, sojoji da jami'an tsaro da kuma mutuwa a cikin nau'i na Anticomist Anticom na Argentina. masu adawa da duk wanda aka yarda yana da alaƙa da gurguzanci, Peronism na hagu, ko motsi na Montoneros.

An kiyasta cewa tsakanin mutane 22,000 da 30,000 ne aka kashe ko suka ɓace, da yawa daga cikinsu ba su da damar yin rubuce-rubuce a hukumance;   duk da haka, bayanan soja na Argentina a lokacin sun kiyasta cewa an kashe mutane 22,000 ko suka ɓoye a shekara ta 1978. Babban burin ya kasance 'yan tawaye na kwaminisanci da masu tausayi amma kuma sun hada da dalibai,' yan gwagwarmaya, 'yan kungiyar kwadago, marubuta, 'yan jarida, masu zane-zane da duk wani' yan ƙasa da ake zargi da kasancewa masu gwagwarmayar hagu waɗanda aka yi tunanin su barazanar siyasa ko akida ga junta. A cewar kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam a Argentina, wadanda abin ya shafa sun hada da Yahudawa 1,900 da 3,000, tsakanin 5-12% na wadanda aka yi niyya duk da cewa Yahudawa na Argentina sun hada da kashi 1% kawai na yawan jama'a.   Junta ce ta aikata kisan a cikin ƙoƙari na rufe cikakken 'yan adawa na zamantakewa da siyasa.

A cikin shekarun 1980s, rushewar tattalin arziki, rashin jin daɗi na jama'a, da kuma mummunar kula da Falklands War ya haifar da ƙarshen junta da maido da dimokuradiyya a Argentina, yadda ya kamata ya kawo ƙarshen Dirty War. An gurfanar da mambobi da yawa na junta kuma an ɗaure su saboda laifuka da aka yi wa bil'adama da kisan kare dangi sakamakon ayyukansu a lokacin.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata kafin juyin mulkin 1976, sojojin Argentina, da kuma goyon bayan kafawar Argentina,  sun yi tsayayya da gwamnatin Juan Perón. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki a 1951, amma bai yi nasara ba. A shekara ta 1955 sojojin Argentina sun sami nasarar samun iko a cikin Revolución Libertadora . Bayan kwace iko, sojojin sun haramta akidar siyasa, Peronism, wanda ya haifar da juriya daga wuraren aiki da kungiyoyin kwadago, yayin da ma'aikata suka nemi kare ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa da aka samu a karkashin mulkin Perón. A tsawon lokaci, an dawo da mulkin dimokuradiyya a wani bangare, amma alkawuran halatta 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da fadada' yancin siyasa ga Peronists ba su faru ba. Wadannan korafe-korafe sun haifar da hauhawar kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye da yawa a cikin shekarun 1960, wato *Uturuncos*  da EGP (Sojojin' yan tawaye).

Yayin da Perón ya dawo daga gudun hijira a 1973, Kisan kiyashi na Ezeiza ya nuna ƙarshen kawance tsakanin bangarorin hagu da na dama na Peronism. A shekara ta 1974, Perón ya janye goyon bayansa ga Montoneros jim kadan kafin mutuwarsa. A lokacin da gwauruwarsa Isabel ta zama shugaban kasa, Ministan Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a José López Rega ya riga ya shirya ƙungiyar kisa ta dama da aka sani da Argentine Anticommunist Alliance (AAA, ko Triple A). A shekara ta 1975, a lokacin Operativo Independencia, Isabel Perón kuma daga baya wanda ya maye gurbin ta Italo Luder ya sanya hannu kan dokoki da ke ba da ikon sojoji da 'yan sanda su "kawarya" "abubuwa masu tayar da kayar baya".

Junta, wanda ke kiran kansa Tsarin sake tsarawa na kasa, ya shirya kuma ya aiwatar da matsanancin matsin lamba ga masu adawa da siyasa ta hanyar sojoji da jami'an tsaro na gwamnati. Su ne ke da alhakin kamawa, azabtarwa, kashe-kashen da / ko tilasta bacewar kimanin mutane 22,000 zuwa 30,000.   Washington ta goyi bayan junta, kuma ta sami dala miliyan 50 a cikin taimakon soja. Kafin juyin mulkin 1976, wata kungiya mai nisa, Alianza Anticomunista Argentina, ta haifar da mutuwar mutane da yawa kuma ta yi amfani da hanyoyin da sojojin gwamnati suka karɓa. &nbsp;

Babban burin duka junta da Triple A matasa ne masu sana'a, daliban makarantar sakandare da kwaleji da membobin ƙungiyar kwadago, saboda sa hannunsu a kungiyoyin siyasa na hagu. Hanyoyin da aka fi so na kisan kai sun kasance ta hanyar harbe-harbe da Jirgin mutuwa, wanda ya jefa wadanda abin ya shafa cikin Tekun Kudancin Atlantic. An tsare kimanin fursunoni 12,000 a cikin cibiyar sadarwa ta sansanonin sirri 340, wanda ke ko'ina cikin Argentina. Ana kiran wadanda abin ya shafa a matsayin *Wadanda suka ɓace* saboda kurkuku na sirri, wanda ya faru ba tare da tsari ba, amincewar gwamnati game da tsare-tsare da mutuwar. Yawancin wadanda aka kashe sun ɓace ba tare da wata alama ba kuma babu wani rikodin da ya rage game da makomarsu.

Abubuwan da suka faru na Dirty War sun haifar da hukunci da yawa. An yi wa kyaftin din sojan ruwa Adolfo Scilingo shari'a don kisan kare dangi, 30 laifuka na kisan kai, 93 na haifar da rauni, 255 na ta'addanci da 286 na azabtarwa. A shekara ta 1983, Scilingo ya ba da shaida ga kwamishinan kasa kan mutanen da suka bace inda ya bayyana yadda "an yi wa fursunoni miyagun ƙwayoyi, a ɗora su a cikin jiragen soja, kuma a jefa su, tsirara kuma ba su da hankali, a cikin Tekun Atlantika".

## Manazarta