Afro-Eurasia

**Afro-Eurasia** (kuma **Afroeurasia** da **Eurafrasia** ) ƙasa ce ta ƙasa wacce ta ƙunshi nahiyoyi na Afirka, Asiya, da Turai . Sharuɗɗan kalmomi ne masu haɗaka na sunayen sassan da ke cikin sa. *Afro-Eurasia* kuma ana kiranta " Tsohuwar Duniya ", sabanin " Sabuwar Duniya " tana nufin Amurkawa .

Afro-Eurasia ya ƙunshi 84,980,532 km2  , 57% na fadin duniya, kuma yana da yawan jama'a kusan biliyan 6.7, kusan kashi 86% na yawan mutanen duniya . Tare da Ostiraliya, ta ƙunshi mafi yawan filaye a Gabashin Ƙasashen Duniya . Ƙasar Afro-Eurasian ita ce ƙasa mafi girma kuma mafi yawan jama'a a duniya .

## Sharuɗɗa masu alaƙa
Ana amfani da kalmomi masu zuwa don ma'anoni iri ɗaya:

* Ecumene : kalma ce daga zamanin da na duniya kamar yadda aka sani ga tsoffin malaman Girka, wanda ya iyakance ga Turai da sassan Afirka da Asiya.
* **Tsohuwar Duniya** : wani lokaci daga zamanin Ganowa wanda, ga masu binciken Turai, sun bambanta duniyar da aka sani da su a baya daga Sabuwar Duniya ta Amurka .
* **Tsibirin Duniya** : Kalmar da HJ Mackinder ya kirkira a cikin " The Geographical Pivot of History " (1904) kuma yayi amfani da shi a cikin mahallin geopolitical .  Mackinder ya bayyana Tsibirin Duniya a matsayin babban yanki mai jujjuyawa, ban da tsibiran fasaha kamar Burtaniya, Malay Archipelago da tsibiran Jafananci .  "Afro-Eurasia" gabaɗaya ya haɗa da waɗancan tsibiran galibi ana ɗaukar sassan Afirka, Asiya, da Turai .

## Geology
 
Kodayake Afro-Eurasia yawanci ana ɗaukarsa ya ƙunshi nahiyoyi biyu ko uku daban-daban, ba ta dace ba. Madadin haka, shine mafi girma na yanzu na zagayowar supercontinent . 

### Baya
Mafi tsufa na Afro-Eurasia mai yiwuwa Kaapvaal Craton, wanda tare da Madagascar da wasu sassan Indiya da yammacin Ostiraliya sun kasance wani ɓangare na babban nahiyar farko na Vaalbara ko Ur kimanin shekaru biliyan 3 da suka wuce . Ya ƙunshi sassa na kowane supercontinent tun. A lokacin rabuwar Pangea kimanin shekaru miliyan 200 da suka wuce, Arewacin Amurka da Plate Eurasian tare sun kafa Laurasia yayin da Plate na Afirka ya kasance a Gondwana, wanda Plate din Indiya ya rabu. Bayan tasiri tare da Plate Eurasian, Plate ɗin Indiya ya haifar da kudancin Asiya a kusa da 50 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce kuma ya fara samuwar Himalayas . Kusan lokaci guda, Plate ɗin Indiya kuma ya haɗu da Plate ɗin Ostiraliya .

Plate din Larabawa ya balle daga Afirka kusan 30nbsp;shekaru miliyan da suka wuce kuma ya yi tasiri ga Farantin Iran tsakanin 19 zuwa 12&nbsp;shekaru miliyan da suka gabata a lokacin Miocene, a ƙarshe ya samar da sarƙoƙi na Alborz da Zagros na Iran Plate . Bayan wannan haɗin farko na Afro-Eurasia, hanyar Betic tare da Gibraltar Arc ya rufe ƙasa da 6.&nbsp;shekaru miliyan da suka wuce a cikin Almasihu, hade arewa maso yammacin Afirka da Iberia tare. Wannan ya haifar da kusan cikar desiccation na Basin Bahar Rum, rikicin salinity na Almasihu . An sake raba Eurasia da Afirka tare da ambaliyar Zanclean a kusa da 5.33&nbsp;shekaru miliyan da suka gabata suna sake cika Tekun Bahar Rum ta mashigin Gibraltar .

### Gaba
A yau, Plate na Eurasian da Plate na Afirka sun mamaye nahiyoyinsu daban-daban. Duk da haka, Plate ɗin Somaliya ya mamaye yawancin gabashin Afirka, yana haifar da Rift na Gabashin Afirka . A Gabashin Bahar Rum, Plate ɗin Tekun Aegean, Plate ɗin Anatolian da Plate Arab suma suna yin iyaka da Plate ɗin Afirka, wanda ya haɗa da Tsibirin Sinai, Gulf of Aqaba da Levant na bakin teku ta hanyar Canjin Tekun Gishiri . Har ila yau Eurasia ya hada da farantin Indiya, Burma Plate, Sunda Plate, Yangtze Plate, Amur Plate da Okhotsk Plate, tare da Plate na Arewacin Amirka wanda ya haɗa da Chukotka Okrug mai cin gashin kansa a Gabas mai Nisa na Rasha .

A al'ada, Afirka tana haɗuwa da Eurasia ne kawai ta hanyar gadar ƙasa mai kunkuntar (wanda mashigin Suez Canal ya raba a Isthmus na Suez ) kuma ya kasance ya rabu da Turai ta hanyar Gibraltar da Sicily .

### Nan gaba
Masanin binciken burbushin halittu Ronald Blakey ya bayyana shekaru miliyan 15 zuwa 100 na gaba na ci gaban tectonic a matsayin daidaitacce kuma mai iya yiwuwa.  A wannan lokacin, ana sa ran Afirka za ta ci gaba da karkata zuwa arewa. Zai rufe mashigin Gibraltar,  da sauri ya ƙafe tekun Bahar Rum .  Babu wani babban yanki da zai samar a cikin tsayayyen lokacin, duk da haka, kuma rikodin yanayin ƙasa yana cike da sauye-sauyen da ba zato ba tsammani a cikin ayyukan tectonic wanda ke yin ƙarin hasashen "sosai, hasashe".  Dama guda uku ana kiran su Novopangaea, Amasia, da Pangea Proxima .  A cikin biyun farko, tekun Pasifik ya rufe kuma Afirka ta kasance tana hade da Eurasia, amma ita kanta Eurasia ta rabu yayin da Afirka da Turai ke juyowa zuwa yamma; A ƙarshe, ƙungiyar ukun ta juya gabas tare yayin da Tekun Atlantika ke rufe, suna samar da iyakokin ƙasa da Amurka .

## Matsanancin maki
Wannan jerin wuraren da ke da nisa daga arewa, kudu, gabas ko yamma fiye da kowane wuri da kuma mafi tsayi da mafi ƙasƙanci a kan Afro-Eurasia.

### Ƙasar ƙasa

* Gabashin Gabas - Cape Dezhnev †, Rasha
* Yankin Arewa - Cape Chelyuskin, Rasha
* Yankin Kudancin Kudancin - Cape Agulhas, Afirka ta Kudu
* Westernmost Point - Pointe des Almadies, Senegal

### Ciki har da tsibirai

* Gabashin Gabas - Big Diomede †, Rasha
* Yankin Arewa - Cape Fligeli, Tsibirin Rudolf, Franz Josef Land, Rasha
* Yankin Kudancin Kudancin - Cape Agulhas, Afirka ta Kudu . Idan an haɗa tsibirin Prince Edward a cikin Afirka, to, tsibirin Marion shine wurin kudu mafi tsayi a 46°54'S.
* Yankin Yammacin Yamma - Santo Antão, Cape Verde

 † Meridian na 180 ya ratsa ta Asiya, ma'ana cewa waɗannan maki suna cikin Yammacin Yammacin Turai .

### Girma
• Mafi Girma - Dutsen Everest ko Qomolangma, Sin da Nepal

• Mafi ƙasƙanci (a kan ƙasa) - Tekun Tekun Gishiri, tsakanin Isra'ila da Jordan

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Bugu na ƙwararrun malamai, tare da fassarar Ingilishi mai mahimmanci da mashup albarkatun multimodal (wallafe-wallafe, hotuna, bidiyo) Ƙwaƙwalwar Tarihi na Injiniya.