Huey Johnson

**Huey Johnson** (6 ga Janairu, 1933 - 12 ga Yuli, 2020) ya kasance masanin muhalli na Amurka, wanda aka lura da shi a matsayin mai shirya kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Daga cikin sauran kungiyoyi, ya kafa Trust for Public Land  da kuma Resource Renewal Institute (RRI), kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke hulɗa da dorewar muhalli. Johnson ya yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a matsayin Darakta na Hukumar Kula da albarkatun kasa ta California. Ya kuma kasance mai ba da shawara na Green Plans .&nbsp;

## Rayuwa ta farko, ilimi, da aiki
An haifi Johnson a tsakiyar Michigan. Lokacin da yake da shekaru tara, Johnson ya koma tare da iyalinsa zuwa Lansing, inda mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a wani kamfanin General Motors, kuma Huey ya sami damar ciyar da lokaci mai yawa a waje. Shekara guda, ya ji daɗin " sansanin kiyayewa na lokacin rani na Michigan United Conservation Clubs". Mahaifiyarsa ta san shi da ɗakin karatu na Carnegie.

Johnson ya sami B.A. a cikin ilmin halitta a Jami'ar Yammacin Michigan, da kuma MS a cikin Gudanar da namun daji a Jami'an Jihar Utah .  Ayyukansa dangane da al'amuran ƙasa da albarkatun sun samo asali ne daga iliminsa game da tarihin tasirin muhalli a cikin Amurka da tarihin dubban shekaru na tasirin muhallu a kan al'ummomi a duk duniya.

Johnson ya yi aiki a matsayin tallace-tallace na Union Carbide, wanda ya fara a San Francisco kuma daga baya a Denver. Ya bar wannan aikin, ya zauna a Yankin Bay yana yin gidansa na dogon lokaci a Mill Valley. Ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin ilimin halittu na yanayi don Ma'aikatar Kifi da Wasanni ta California, sannan daga baya ga Ma'abiyar Kifi da Yasanni ta Alaska. A shekara ta 1963, ya zama wakilin jihohin yammacin Conservancy . 

Bayan wasu shekaru, Johnson ya haɗu da masu kula da muhalli a cikin Bay Area da Dick Raymond da Stewart Brand; Raymond da Brand sun kafa Gidauniyar POINT. Bayan ya yi aiki na shekaru biyu a kwamitin Gidauniyar, a cikin 1973 Johnson ya haɓaka ra'ayin Trust for Public Land.

## Ayyukansa na baya
 
Bayan ya bar kwamitin POINT, Gidauniyar POINT ta ba Johnson wasu kudade na farko don kafa Trust for Public Land .  : An fara mayar da hankali ga Trust a kan wuraren shakatawa na birane da na kewayen birni, sannan a kan gonar noma. : Ya zuwa farkon 2025, Trust ya kirkiro sararin waje 5,504, kuma ya kare kadada miliyan 4 a Amurka.

Ya kuma kafa Grand Canyon Trust da Cibiyar Hulɗa ta Muhalli, a Nairobi . 

An nada Johnson a matsayin sakatare na Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Halitta ta California (CNRA) tare da amincewar Majalisar Dattijan Jihar California, a lokacin gwamnatin farko ta Jerry Brown. Johnson ya yi aiki daga 1977 zuwa 1982. Matsayi na tsarin da ke da alaƙa da albarkatun gwamnati koyaushe zai haifar da wasu martani na adawa ga manufofi. Johnson ya yi imani da gina dangantaka. Ya bayyana a fili cewa, a lokacin mulkinsa, ya ba da damar yin hulɗa ba bisa ka'ida ba tare da waɗanda suka ƙi sigogi da ya gabatar.

Da yake kwatanta wani nasarorin da ya samu a lokacin mulkinsa, Johnson ya rubuta: "Mun adana kilomita 1,200 na koguna na California tare da sanarwa ta tasirin muhalli. Mun yi amfani da shi don wuce Dokar Kogin daji. Duba, duka gwamnatin tarayya da jihar California sun wuce lissafin, amma don ya zama doka dole wani ya auri su biyu. Dukkanin bukatun ruwa na California suna yin duk abin da za su iya don tabbatar da hakan bai faru ba... Amma ina da wannan ba da wannan ba sai ta ba da wannan aikin mai suna Vera Marcus.

Ayyukan Johnson a matsayin CNRA sun rinjayi Stewart Brand don juya kusurwa daga rashin jin daɗi na bohemian tare da gwamnati zuwa karɓar cewa ya himmatu, shugabanci mai ƙwarewa na iya taka rawa wajen kariya da maido da muhalli.348 :348

An san Johnson da gabatar da Green Plans, hanyar da aka haɗa don karewa da sarrafa albarkatun kasa, ga Amurka. Ya yi tafiya zuwa Norway a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 inda ya ci gaba da sha'awar tsare-tsaren kore; 'yan Norway sun gaya masa cewa zai yi kyau don nazarin abin da aka cim ma da waɗannan a Netherlands. Shirye-shiryen kore, waɗanda aka aiwatar a cikin Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, da Mexico City, suna ba da samfuran aiki masu amfani don taimakawa ƙasashe su shirya don ƙarin makomar gaba. Johnson ya kafa Cibiyar Sabunta albarkatu, a cikin 1983, wanda rawar da take takawa ita ce bayar da shawarwari don samun dorewar muhalli.

A cikin shekarun 1990s, Johnson yana nuna damuwa a fili game da matakan CO2 na yanayi da Canjin yanayi na duniya. Ya yi imanin cewa shirye-shiryen kore na iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa canjin yanayi.

A shekara ta 2001, Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ba Johnson kyautar Sasakawa ta $ 200,000, wanda aka dauka daya daga cikin manyan kyaututtuka na muhalli a duniya. Hakanan, aikin Johnson a cikin kula da albarkatun ya sami yabo daga jami'an Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don samun hangen nesa na duniya. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kira Johnson "mai haɓaka da kuma zakara don kare muhalli".

## Mutuwa
Johnson ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Yuli, 2020, yana da shekaru 87.

## Manazarta