Robin Bell (masanin kimiyya)

**Robin Elizabeth Bell** ita ce Cibiyar Bincike ta Palisades Geophysical (PGI) Lamont Farfesa a Jami'ar Columbia ta Lamont-Doherty Duniya Observatory  kuma tsohon Shugaban Ƙungiyar Geophysical na Amurka (AGU), 2019-2021. Dokta Bell ya kasance mai tasiri wajen daidaita shekarar Polar ta duniya ta 2007 kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta shugabanci Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Ƙasashen Duniya .   Ta yi bincike-bincike masu yawa da yawa game da tafkunan da ke karkashin ruwa da kuma yanayin shimfidar kankara, kuma tana da tudu, da ake kira Bell Buttress, a Antarctica mai suna bayanta.  

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Bell ta sami digiri na farko a fannin ilimin ƙasa daga Kwalejin Middlebury da ke Vermont; ta MPhil daga Jami'ar Columbia a 1980; da kuma PhD a fannin geophysics daga Jami'an Columbia a 1989 .  Ta sami digiri na girmamawa daga Kwalejin Middlebury a shekara ta 2006.   Bell mai sha'awar jirgin ruwa ce: tare da mijinta da yara biyu, ta yi tafiya a fadin Tekun Atlantika sau da yawa, da kuma bakin tekun Newfoundland da Nova Scotia da Tekun Labrador . 

## Ayyuka da tasiri
Bell masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya samar da bincike kan kankara. Tun daga shekara ta 1989, ta jagoranci bincike a Jami'ar Columbia ta Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) a kan kankara, tectonics, koguna da tsakiyar teku. A matsayinta na Farfesa Lamont Research Institute na LDEO,  tana jagorantar shirye-shiryen bincike a Antarctica da Greenland kuma tana mai da hankali kan bunkasa fasaha don saka idanu kan canjin duniyarmu.

Bell ya taka rawar gani wajen daidaita shirye-shiryen kimiyyar polar na duniya, gami da Shekarar Polar ta Duniya ta 2007,   wanda ya haɗu da masana kimiyya 60,000 daga kasashe sama da 63 daban-daban don nazarin abubuwa masu canzawa da sauri na duniyarmu;  da kuma 2007 International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. Har ila yau, ita ce mace ta farko da ta jagoranci Hukumar Binciken Kimiyya ta Kasa.

Yankunan Polar suna daga cikin manyan abubuwan da aka mayar da hankali ga binciken Bell. Ta jagoranci, tare da jagorantar, ko kuma ta tsara manyan tafiye-tafiye tara na aero-geophysical zuwa Antarctica da Greenland  da farko tana binciken yanayin kankara da ma'auni na taro da kuma yanayin nahiyar tare da ɗaukar yanayi na yanzu da na gaba.  Binciken da ta yi a kan iyakar ya haifar da wasu muhimman binciken kimiyya. Ta gano wani dutse mai fitattun wuta a ƙarƙashin kankara na Yammacin Antarctic  da kuma manyan tabkuna da yawa da aka kulle a ƙarƙashin kilomita biyu na kankara.   A lokacin Shekarar Polar ta Duniya, Bell ya jagoranci babban balaguro a Antarctica don bincika tsaunuka na ƙarshe da ba a sani ba a Duniya     tsaunukan Gamburtsev da aka rufe gaba ɗaya da kankara. Binciken da ta yi a cikin Dutsen Gamburtsev ya nuna cewa ruwan da aka ɓoye a ƙarƙashin kankara yana gudana a kan tudu  kuma cewa kankara na iya kauri daga ƙasa, yana juyar da zato na dogon lokaci game da kankara.   Bell kuma shine jagorar Mai Bincike na Firamare a kan binciken geophysical na ROSETTA-Ice na Ross Ice Shelf  mafi girman kankara na nahiyar. 

Gudummawar Bell ga kimiyyar polar sun haɗa da ƙaddamar da manyan ci gaban fasaha: alal misali, Bell ya kafa cibiyar bincike ta farko ta aerogeophysical kuma ya gudanar da zanga-zangar gwaji ta farko ta ilimi game da nauyi tare da ƙaramin jirgin sama. Tare da injiniyoyin LDEO Polar Geophysics, Bell sun haɓaka IcePod,  kayan aiki da aka ɗora wanda jirgin saman LC130 zai iya tashi a Greenland da Antarctica.

Bell kuma ta ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka bambancin kimiyya da injiniya, kuma musamman, ga ci gaban mata a kimiyya. Ta kasance Darakta na ADVANCE a Cibiyar Duniya ta Jami'ar Columbia shirin da aka ba da tallafi na Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Kasa (Amurka) wanda aka nufa don fadada damar Mata a Kimiyya da Injiniya;  kuma ta jagoranci gwaji a cikin sauye-sauyen ma'aikata a Jami'ar Colombia da kuma masu alaƙa a Arewa maso gabashin Amurka. Har ila yau, mai ba da shawara ne game da ilimi, haɗa kai, ilimi na jama'a, da ilimi mafi girma ta hanyar shirye-shirye irin su Earth2Class ilimi na malamai  da Polar Explorer: Sea Level, aikace-aikacen da ƙungiyar binciken LDEO Polar ta fitar.  

A cikin duka Bell ya ba da gudummawa ga littattafai sama da 100 da An sake dubawa,   da kuma shaidar Majalisar Dattijan Amurka,   Rahotanni na Kwalejin Kasa  da kuma shahararrun kafofin watsa labarai. Ita memba ce ta Ƙungiyar Geophysical ta Amurka,  kuma ta rike mambobi da dama na kwamitin ba da shawara da kuma daraktoci. A halin yanzu ita ce Co-Chairman Kwamitin Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa ta Amurka kan Ci gaban hangen nesa na Amurka don Shirin Antarctic,  Tsohon Shugaban Sashen Kimiyya na Crysphere na AGU,  da kuma Shugaba-Zaɓaɓɓen AGU, 2017-2019.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa

* 2019-2021: Shugaban Ƙungiyar Geophysical ta Amurka 
* 2017: Zababben Shugaban Ƙungiyar Geophysical ta Amurka 

* 2011: An zabe shi Fellow na Ƙungiyar Geophysical ta Amurka 
* 2006: Dokta na girmamawa na Kimiyya, Kwalejin Middlebury 
* 2005: Hukumar Bincike ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa mai suna Antarctic mai tsawon kilomita, Bell Buttress, bayan Bell don girmamawa ga wa'adin ta biyu a matsayin shugaban hukumar 
* 1996: Emma Willard Makarantar Matasa Alumnae Award 
* 1992: Kyautar Stroke Doherty Junior Scientist 
* 1988: Kyakkyawan Rubutun Ɗalibi, Geodesy - Fall AGU 

## Manazarta