Hausa–Fulani

**Hausa – Fulani** ƙungiya ce ta yare daban-daban na ƙasar Sudan ( Larabci : السودان), babban yanki a kudu da Sahara, wanda ya ƙunshi Sahel ( Larabci : ساحل), galibi suna yankin Arewacin Najeriya.Hausa-Fulani mutane ne masu hadewar Hausa da Fulani, wadanda akasarinsu suna magana da wani yare na Hausa a matsayin yarensu na asali, duk da cewa kusan miliyan 12 zuwa Milyan 15 suna magana da Fulanin da ake kira Fulfude.

Duk da yake wasu Fulani da'awar Semitic asalin, Hausas ne 'yan asalin to West Africa.  Wannan yana nuna cewa tsarin "Hausa" a Sudan mai yiwuwa al'adu ne da jinsinsu.  Harshen Hausa-Fulani ya samo asali ne sakamakon ƙaura da mutanen Fula zuwa ƙasar Hausawa wanda ya faru tun ƙarni na 15. A farkon karni na 19, Sheikh Usman dan Fodio ya jagoranci jihadin da ya yi nasara a kan Masarautun Hausawa da suka kafa Daular Fulani ta tsakiya (wanda aka yiwa lakabi da Khalifancin Sakkwato ). Bayan jihadi, Dan Fodio ya karfafa auratayya tsakanin Fulani da suka mamaye yankin da galibin sauran Hausawan; bugu da kari, dangin Jobawa, Dambazawa da Sullubawa na Fulanin da suka samo asali daga Futa Tooro sun yi kaura zuwa yankin kuma sun auri manyan garuruwan yankin wadanda galibi fitattun Hausawa ne, kuma sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke cakuda harshen Hausa, al’adu da kabilu na Hausa-Fulani. A sakamakon wannan, yaren Fulatanci yana magana da harshen Hausa kuma shine mafi yawan mazaunan garin Daura, Zamfara, Kano, Katsina, Zazzau, da Sokoto, kuma kusan 22% na yawan mutanen Najeriya . 

Fulanin-Hausa da farko suna magana da bambance-bambancen na Hausa wanda ke haifar da ci gaba na yare daban-daban na yanki-yanki da ke iya fahimtar juna. Ana magana da harshen Hausa sama da mutane miliyan 100 zuwa 150 a duk fadin Afirka, wanda hakan yasa ya zama yaren 'Yar asalin Afirka wanda ake magana dashi kuma shine na 11 a duniya da ake magana dashi .  Tun lokacin kasuwancin  Sahara, ana amfani da harshen Hausa a matsayin  yare daga Agadez a zurfin Sahara zuwa Timbuktu arewacin Kogin Neja, kuma yana da kalmomin lamuni da yawa daga Larabci. Shekaru aru-aru, tana amfani da rubutun Ajami wanda ya kasance tushen asalin al'adar masaniyar yare. An maye gurbin rubutun da lafazin latin na haruffan boko, bayan da turawan ingila suka ci nasara da khalifancin sokoto.

## Hangen nesa
Tushen Larabci na Zamani yana nufin yankin kamar *Sudan* ko kuma *Bilad Al Sudan* ( English:   ; ). Wannan nadin na iya haifar da kalmar Negroland wacce Turawa suka yi amfani da ita har zuwa karni na 19 don komawa zuwa yankin da ba shi da kyau wanda aka gano a arewacin yankin Guinea : wanda ya kunshi Slave Coast, Gold Coast, Grain Coast a Afirka ta Yamma.

Tunda yawan jama'ar yana da alaƙa da al'adun Musulman Larabawa na Arewacin Afirka, sai suka fara fatauci sannan masu magana da larabcin su kira su da *Al-Sudan* (ma'ana "Thean Bakar fata") saboda ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na duniyar Musulmi. Akwai bayanan tarihi na farko da masana tarihin Larabawa na zamanin da da Larabawa da masanan ƙasa waɗanda suka yi nuni ga Daular Kanem-Bornu a matsayin manyan yankuna na wayewar Musulunci. Shi ne wata ila cewa na da Hausa mulkokin kafa fatauci dangantaka tare da Borno Empire, wanda zama ƙara m matsayin babban Afirka transshipment cibiyar ga trans-Saharan cinikin bayi . Hausa shugabanni ma iya bayar Sudanic mutãnensu a matsayin tributary da Borno Empire domin ja yaki tare da Empire.

A hankali kasar Sudan ta sami ci gaba tare da yaduwar addinin Islama daga karni na 7 miladiyya, lokacin da aka fara kawo harshen larabci zuwa Sudan ta hanyar Bornu. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, Fulanin da ke yankin makiyaya da farko sun ratsa yankin Sahelian da ke hamada, arewacin Sudan, da shanu kuma suka guji kasuwanci da yin cudanya da mutanen Sudan. Fulaninci aƙalla an ƙarfafa shi a yankunan karkara a farkon ƙarni na 16 tare da ƙaura daga dangin fatarar Dambazawa masu arziki daga Bornu.

Kalifancin Sakkwato ya kafu sosai bayan jihadi karkashin jagorancin Usman dan Fodio (daga shekara ta  1754 zuwa shekara ta 1817), wanda wata majalisa ta ayyana shi a matsayin Amir al-Mu'minin ko Amirul Muminin. Masarautar tare da Larabci a matsayin harshenta na hukuma ya haɓaka cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa da na zuriyarsa, waɗanda suka aiko da runduna zuwa kowane yanki. Babbar daular mara iyaka ta hade Gabas da yankin Yammacin Sudan. A matsayinta na kasar Musulunci, hukuma tana samun asali ne daga tsoron Allah da karatuttukan ilimi, don haka ne Sarkin Musulmi ya tura masarauta don su kafa takunkumi a kan yankunan da aka ci da yaki da kuma bunkasa wayewar Musulunci, don karfafa tsarin mulki da manyan masu fada a ji. Wannan sulhun daga baya ya haifar da sannu a hankali al'adun Fulanin da Hausawa suka mamaye manyan biranen Hausa (ko Hausa Bakwai ) na: Daura, Hadeija, Kano, Katsina, Zazzau, Rano, da Gobir, wanda hakan ya haifar da ilimi mai yawa da inganta harshe da al'adun Hausawa ta hanyar makarantu da kafofin watsa labarai daga baya, a lokacin ƙarni na 20 da Turawan Ingila suka yi.

## Duba kuma

* Yaƙin Fulanin
* Mutanen Fula
* Hausawa
* Khalifancin Sakkwato
* Tarihin Yammacin Afirka.

## Manazarta