Yanayin muhalli a Rasha

Yanayin muhalli a **Rasha** a ƙarƙashin yankin Turai. Girman ƙasar da nisa daga wurare da yawa daga teku yana haifar da rinjayen yanayi na nahiyar, wanda ya kasance a cikin Turai da Asiya ta Rasha sai dai tundra da mafi kyawun kudu maso gabas. Tsaunuka a kudu suna hana kwararar iska mai sanyi daga Tekun Arctic da filayen kudu da arewa sun sa kasar ta bude ga tasirin Pacific da Atlantic.

## Geography

## Ƙasa

## Ruwa

## Canjin yanayi

## Makamashi

## Kula da gurbataccen yanayi

## Wurare masu kariya

## Gudanar da sharar gida
141 019 100 tan 100 na sharar da aka samar a Rasha a cikin shekarar 2009 

## Manufar muhalli da doka

### Yarjejeniya da yarjejeniyoyin duniya
Rasha ta kasance mai rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da dama da yarjejeniyoyin kasa da kasa:

; Biki zuwa
:
: Gurbacewar iska, Gurbacewar iska-Nitrogen Oxides, Gurbacewar iska-sulfur 85, Yarjejeniyar Antarctic-Muhalli, Yarjejeniyar Antarctic, Rarraba halittu, Canjin Yanayi, Nau'o'in Barasa, Gyaran Muhalli, Sharar gida mai haɗari, Dokar Teku, Dumping Marine, Haramcin gwajin Nukiliya, Oak Kariyar Layer, Gurbacewar Jirgin ruwa, Katako Mai zafi 83, Dausayi, Whaling, Canjin Yanayi- Ka'idar Kyoto
; Sa hannu, amma ba a tabbatar ba
:
: Gurbacewar iska-sulfur 94,

## Ƙungiyoyi / ƙungiyoyin muhalli

## Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli
Gurbacewar iska daga masana'antu masu yawa, hayakin wutar lantarki da ake fitarwa da gawayi, da sufuri a manyan birane; gurbacewar masana'antu, gundumomi, da aikin gona na hanyoyin ruwa na cikin ƙasa da gaɓar teku; sare itatuwa; zaizayar kasa; gurbatar ƙasa daga aikace-aikacen da ba daidai ba na sinadarai na aikin gona; Kuma  wuraren da aka warwatse na wani lokacin tsananin gurɓatawar rediyoaktif ; gurɓataccen ruwan ƙasa daga sharar gida mai guba; ɗimbin ɗimbin halittu da Shirin Ayyukan Halittar Halitta na ƙasar ya magance.

Yayin da Rasha ke da arzikin ma'adinai da makamashi mai yawa, wannan ba ya zuwa ba tare da wani farashi ba ga Rasha da kuma mafi girma a duniya.  Musamman, hako mai da iskar gas yana yin tsada mai nauyi ga lafiyar ƙasa da mutane.  Ana tattara ruwan sharar ruwa, laka, da sludges, an kiyasta adadin shekara-shekara zuwa tan miliyan 1.7 na reagents na sinadarai da ke gurɓata mitoci cubic miliyan 25 na saman ƙasa.  Babban rikice-rikice na geomechanical, gurɓatar ƙasa da ruwa, da haɓakar gurɓataccen ruwan sha da ake fitarwa zuwa cikin magudanan ruwa, babbar matsala ce da ke daidaita ribar da Rasha ke samu daga masana'antar.  An yi kiyasin cewa tsakanin shekarun 1991-1999 yawan gurbataccen ruwan sha daga masana'antar mai na Rasha ya kai mita cubic miliyan 200.  Cikakkun amfani da iskar gas tare da hako mai bai wuce kashi 80 cikin 100 a Rasha ba, an yi kiyasin cewa a duk shekara ana kona mitoci cubic biliyan 5 zuwa 17 na iskar gas da ba a yi amfani da su ba da ake hakowa tare da mai a cikin " tocilan gas ," tare da ton 400,000. ko ƙarin abubuwa masu haɗari waɗanda ke fitowa cikin sararin samaniya daga wannan kowace shekara, suna haifar da tasiri biyu na ɓarnatar albarkatu da mummunan tasirin muhalli.   An kiyasta tan miliyan 560 na methane a kowace shekara yana kwarara cikin sararin samaniya daga hakar mai da iskar gas, ba tare da kirga fashewar bazata da fasa bututu ba.  Sauran masana'antu masu mahimmanci kuma suna da farashin su, kamar fitar da masana'antar kwal na ɗimbin abubuwa masu haɗari, masu guba, da kayan aikin rediyo.  Har ila yau, masana'antar zinare ta Rasha, tare da Rasha ita ce kasa daya tilo na akalla karni guda tare da yawan hako zinare daga ajiyar kuɗi, da samun a ƙalla 4000+ manyan adibas, babu makawa ya haifar da matsala ga tsarin kogin.  Gurbacewar da ke da alaƙa daga yin amfani da fashe-fashe masu yawa a cikin ma'adinai kuma na iya zama matsala.  Overall, da m ma'adinai dũkiya da dũkiya, ya kawo tare da shi duka biyu babban amfani ga Rasha tattalin arzikin & mutane, da kuma mafi girma a duniya da dukan mutane, duk da haka da dama wuya matsaloli da za a magance. 

## Duba wasu abubuwan

* Babban Tsari don Sauya Hali
* Jerin batutuwan muhalli

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Zhuravlev, Yu. N., ed. ( ''2000'' ). 
* *Sobisevich AV, Snytko VA, Postnikov AV* The kewaye muhalli saka idanu a cikin Tarayyar Soviet: bita na kafa sabon "halitta" kimiyya // IOP taron Series: Duniya da Kimiyyar Muhalli. 2019. Vol. 350. №. 1. P. 1–6.