Shekarar shan giya ta doka

**Shekarar shan giya ta doka** ita ce mafi ƙarancin shekarun da mutum zai iya shan giya bisa doka. Za'a iya amfani da mafi ƙarancin shekaru na barasa bisa doka na iya bambanta da shekarun da za'a iya saya a wasu ƙasashe. Waɗannan dokoki sun bambanta tsakanin ƙasashe kuma dokoki da yawa suna da keɓancewa ko yanayi na musamman. Yawancin dokoki suna aiki ne kawai ga shan barasa a wuraren jama'a tare da shan barasa a cikin gida galibi ba a tsara su ba (ɗaya daga cikin banbanci shine Ingila da Wales, waɗanda ke da mafi ƙarancin shekaru biyar don kulawa da amfani a wurare masu zaman kansu). Wasu ƙasashe kuma suna da iyakokin shekaru daban-daban don nau'ikan abin sha daban-daban.
 
Yawancin ƙasashe suna da mafi ƙarancin shekarun shan giya na doka na 18. Dalilin da aka fi sani da doka a bayan shekarun shan giya na doka shine tasirin kwakwalwa a cikin matasa. Tun da yake kwakwalwa har yanzu tana balaga, barasa na iya samun mummunar tasiri a kan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da tunani na dogon lokaci. Tare da kuma wannan, yana iya haifar da gazawar hanta, kuma ya haifar da Rashin daidaituwa na hormone a cikin matasa saboda sauye-sauye na yau da kullun da kuma balaga na hormones a lokacin balaga. Wasu ƙasashe suna da mafi ƙarancin shekarun shan giya na doka na 19 don hana kwararar abin sha a makarantun sakandare, yayin da wasu kamar Amurka suna da mafi karancin shekarun sayen doka na 21 (sai dai a cikin P.R. da USVI, inda shekarun shan giya shine 18) a ƙoƙarin rage yawan yawan yawan tuki mai shan giya tsakanin matasa da matasa.

Akwai ra'ayi da ake kira kungiyoyin yara, inda ake ba da mutane da ke ƙasa da shekarun shan giya na doka kuma ana ba da abin sha ba tare da barasa ba.

## Afirka
Mafi ƙarancin shekarun sayen barasa a Afirka shine 18. Koyaya, Angola (sai dai Lardin Luanda), Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, da Mali ba su da dokoki a kan littattafan da ke hana sayar da barasa ga yara. A Libya, Somalia da Sudan an haramta sayar da, samarwa da amfani da barasa gaba ɗaya. [haɗin da bai dace ba?] &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>


== Amurka ==
A Amurka ta tsakiya, Caribbean, da Amurka ta Kudu shekarun shan giya da shekarun sayen doka sun bambanta daga 0 zuwa 20 shekaru (duba tebur da ke ƙasa). A Kudancin Amurka musamman, shekarun sayen doka shine shekaru 18, tare da banbanci biyu:

* A Paraguay, shekarun shan giya da sayen doka shine shekaru 20.
* A Guyana, yara masu shekaru 16 ko 17 na iya cin gilashin giya ko ruwan inabi a gidan cin abinci idan sun sayi abinci.

A Arewacin Amurka shekarun shan giya da shekarun sayen doka sun bambanta daga shekaru 18 zuwa 21:

* A Mexico, shekarun shan giya shine 18 a duk jihohi.
* A Amurka, mafi ƙarancin shekarun doka don siyan abin sha galibi shekaru 21; ban da biyu sune Puerto Rico da Virgin Islands inda shekaru ke da 18. Shekarar shan giya ta doka ta bambanta da jihar, kuma jihohi da yawa ba su da bukatun shekaru don kula da shan giya tare da iyayen mutum ko masu kula da doka.
* A Kanada, yawancin larduna suna da mafi ƙarancin shekaru 19 don sayen ko shan barasa, yayin da a Alberta, Manitoba, da Quebec, mafi ƙaranci shekaru shine shekaru 18. Gundumomi da yawa suna ba da izinin yara su sha barasa idan iyayensu / masu kula da su ne suka ba su, kuma ana cinye su a ƙarƙashin kulawarsu a gidansu. Don ƙarin bayani duba Alcoholic drinks in Canada § Age.

A ƙarshen karni na 20, yawancin Arewacin Amurka sun canza mafi ƙarancin shekarun shan giya (MLDAs) kamar haka:



=== Amurka ===

A Amurka, mafi ƙarancin shekarun doka don siyan abin sha yafi shekaru 21 tun jim kadan bayan wucewar Dokar Ƙananan Shekaru ta Duniya a shekarar 1984. Bambance-bambance guda biyu sune Puerto Rico da Virgin Islands inda shekaru ke 18. Shekarar shan giya ta doka ta bambanta da jihar, kuma jihohi da yawa ba su da bukatun shekaru don kula da shan giya tare da iyayen mutum ko masu kula da doka.

Duk da zabe farfado da muhawara ta kasa a shekara ta 2008 game da shekarun shan giya da aka kafa (wanda shugabannin jami'o'i da yawa suka fara), binciken da aka yi a Jami'ar Fairleigh Dickinson ya gano a watan Satumbar 2008 cewa kashi 76% na New Jerseyans sun goyi bayan barin shekarun shan giya a shekara 21. Babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci da ya fito yayin la'akari da jinsi, alaƙar siyasa, ko yanki. Koyaya, iyayen yara ƙanana sun fi tallafawa kiyaye shekaru a 21 (83%) fiye da iyayen ɗaliban kwaleji (67%). 

Jihohi goma sha bakwai ([[Arkansas (jiha)|Arkansas]], [[California]], [[Connecticut]], [[Florida]], [[Kentucky]], [[Maryland]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]], [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]], [[Nevada]], [[New Hampshire]], [[New Mexico]], New York, [[Oklahoma]], Rhode Island, South Carolina, da [[Wyoming]]) da [[Washington, D.C.|Gundumar Columbia]] suna da dokoki game da mallakar barasa ta kananan yara, amma ba su hana amfani da shi ta kananan yara ba.

Fourteen states ([[Alaska]], [[Colorado]], [[Delaware]], [[Illinois]], [[Louisiana]], [[Maine (Tarayyar Amurka)|Maine]], [[Minnesota]], [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]], [[Montana]], [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]], [[Oregon]], [[Texas]], [[Wisconsin]], and [[Virginia]]) specifically permit minors to drink alcohol given to them by their parents or by someone entrusted by their parents.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

Jihohi da yawa suna ba da izinin shan barasa a ƙarƙashin shekaru 21 saboda dalilai na addini ko na kiwon lafiya.

Puerto Rico, yankin Amurka, ya ci gaba da shan giya na shekaru 18.

Dokokin kwastam na Amurka sun nuna cewa babu wani mutum a karkashin shekaru 21 da zai iya kawo kowane nau'in ko adadin barasa a cikin kasar.

## Asiya

Yawancin ƙasashe a Turai sun saita 18 a matsayin mafi ƙarancin shekaru don siyan barasa. Kodayake Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Jamus, Gibraltar, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Portugal da Switzerland (sai dai Ticino) suna kula da mafi ƙarancin shekarun sayen ƙasa da shekaru 18, ana ba da izinin yara ko dai cikakke ko iyakance damar samun barasa. A cikin 2005,  2007  da 2015  an tattauna jituwa a matakin Tarayyar Turai zuwa mafi ƙarancin shekarun sayan 18, amma ba a yarda da shi ba.

Lokaci na canje-canje ga shan giya / sayen shekaru ko dokokin da ke hana samun barasa ga yara:

* ISanya Sakin layi

 A cikin 2002 ƙungiyoyin masu cin gashin kansu na Spain Madrid, [145] Valencia [146] da Catalonia [147] sun haɓaka mafi ƙarancin shekarun siyan su zuwa shekaru 18. A baya can, Valencia da Madrid suna da mafi ƙarancin shekarun siyan shekaru 16, kuma a cikin Catalonia ƙananan yara masu shekaru 16 ko 17 na iya siyan barasa har zuwa 23% ABV a kan-da kuma a waje.

* A cikin 2002 ƙungiyoyin masu cin gashin kansu na Spain Madrid, [1] Valencia [2] da Catalonia [3] sun haɓaka mafi ƙarancin shekarun siyan su zuwa shekaru 18. A baya can, Valencia da Madrid suna da mafi ƙarancin shekarun siyan shekaru 16, kuma a cikin Catalonia ƙananan yara masu shekaru 16 ko 17 na iya siyan barasa har zuwa 23% ABV akan-da kuma a waje
* A cikin 2004 Denmark [1] ta haɓaka shekarun siyan sayayya daga 15 zuwa 16 shekaru. A cikin Nuwamba 2005 Switzerland ta zartar da Dokar Abinci da Kayayyakin Abinci[2] (Jamus: Lebensmittel- und Gebrauchsgegenständeverordnung), gabatar da haramcin siyar da barasa ga duk wanda ke ƙasa da shekaru 16. Dokar Alcohol[3] (Jamus: Alkoholgesetz) da aka wuce a cikin 1980 na ruhin distilled yana buƙatar mafi ƙarancin siyarwar shekaru 8. Saboda haka, an haramta sayar da barasa mai gasa (misali giya, giya, ruwan inabi mai kyalli ko cider) ga duk wanda bai kai shekara 16 ba, da duk wani abin sha na barasa ga duk wanda bai kai shekara 18 ba. Canton Ticino yana da dokar cantonal tun 1989 wanda ke sanya iyakacin shekarun siyan duk abubuwan sha na barasa shekaru 18.[4]
* A cikin 2006 al'ummar Spain mai cin gashin kanta Castile da León [1] sun haɓaka mafi ƙarancin shekarun sayan daga shekaru 16 zuwa 18. A ƙarshen 2006, 'yan majalisar Gibraltar [2] sun zartar da Dokar Yara da Matasa (Alcohol, Taba da Wasa) Dokar 2006, wanda ya ɗaga mafi ƙarancin shekarun siye daga 16 zuwa 18 shekaru. Amma sabuwar dokar ta banbanta: ƙananan masu shekaru 16 ko 17 na iya siya da cinye giya, giya ko cider a ƙarƙashin 15% ABV akan ginin, da kwantena da aka riga aka shirya na barasa wanda bai wuce 5.5% ABV (misali alcopops).
* A cikin 2009 Faransa [1] ta haɓaka mafi ƙarancin shekarun sayayya zuwa shekaru 18, [2] [3] kuma an ƙara tara tara don siyarwa ko ba da barasa ga ƙarami (har zuwa € 7,500). A baya can, mafi ƙarancin shekaru shine shekaru 16 don kashe-kashe da siyayyar abubuwan sha masu ƙarancin giya (har zuwa 3% ABV) irin su ruwan inabi, giya, cider, perry, mead, crème de cassis da juices daga 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ƙwanƙwasa ko kayan lambu waɗanda ke ɗauke da 1.2 zuwa 3 ° barasa, ruwan inabi mai daɗi na halitta daga noman noma na AB 18 mafi girma.
* A cikin Oktoba 2009, gwamnatin Malta[1] ta zartar da sabuwar doka ta haɓaka shekarun sha da sayayya daga shekaru 16 zuwa 17.  A cikin 2010 al'ummar Sipaniya mai cin gashin kansa na Galicia sun haɓaka mafi ƙarancin shekarun sayayya daga shekaru 16 zuwa 18.[2] A cikin 2011 Denmark [3] ta zartar da wata doka da ke haɓaka mafi ƙarancin shekaru don siyar da kayan shaye-shaye na> 16.5% ABV zuwa shekaru 18. Matsakaicin shekarun siyan barasa na <16.5% ABV ya rage 16.
* A cikin Maris 2012 Moldova ta ɗaga mafi ƙarancin shekarun siyan zuwa 18, daga 16 a baya.[1][2] Italiya ta ɗaga mafi ƙarancin shekarun sayayya daga 16 zuwa 18 a cikin 2012. A baya Italiya ba ta da shekarun siye don siyar da gida ba, kuma mafi ƙarancin shekarun 16 na tallace-tallace kan-gida ba a aiwatar da shi sosai.[3] Tun daga ranar 1 2014, an ɗaga mafi ƙarancin siye da shekarun amfani na doka daga 16 zuwa 18 a cikin Netherlands. A baya matasan da suka haura shekaru 16 suna iya siya da cinye barasa na <15% ABV, kuma waɗanda shekarunsu suka wuce 18 da sama za su iya siyan duk abin sha.
* mit is set.
* A cikin 2013 gwamnatin Portugal ta hana sayar da barasa ga matasa: ba za a iya siyar da ruhohi ba ga kowa da ke ƙasa da shekaru 18, kuma sauran abubuwan sha (misali giya, giya, ko cider) ba za a iya siyar da su ga kowa ba a ƙarƙashin shekarun 16. A baya mafi ƙarancin shekaru ga duk abin sha na barasa shine shekaru 16.[1] Dangane da matsayin 2015, Portugal ta daidaita mafi ƙarancin shekarunta na sha zuwa shekaru 18 a duk nau'ikan abin sha. A baya shekarun sayan ya kasance shekaru 16 don ƙarancin giya kamar giya giyar coder
* Tun daga 1 2018, Lithuania ta haɓaka mafi ƙarancin shekarun sha daga 18 zuwa shekaru 20.[1]  Daga Janairu 2019 jihohin tarayya na Ostiriya sun yanke shawarar daidaita shekarun sha da sayayya. Jihohin Burgenland, Lower Ostiriya da Vienna don haka sun ɗaga iyakokin shekarun su na barasa mai ɗauke da ruhohi zuwa 18. Kafin 2019 waɗannan jihohin sun cika shekaru 16 na sha da sayayya. A halin yanzu an haramta sayar da giya da giya da sauran abubuwan sha na barasa ga yara da matasa 'yan kasa da shekara 16, kuma an haramta sayar da ruhohi ga yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 18 a duk fadin kasar Austria.[

}
| align="center" |14
| align="center" |18
| colspan="2" align="center" |18
|
* It is illegal for persons under 14 to be given alcohol, and then only for medical purposes.
* It is prohibited to sell, serve, or offer alcohol beverages to anyone under the age of 18. Minors are prohibited to consume alcohol beverages in public and the police can confiscate alcohol from under 18s in public.
|-
| colspan="5" |
|Under the BBPA's Challenge 21 and Challenge 25 schemes, customers attempting to buy alcohol beverages are asked to prove their age if in the retailer's opinion they look under 21 (or optionally 25) even though the law states they must be a minimum of 18. Many supermarket and off-licence chains display Challenge 21 (or Challenge 25) notices stating that they will not serve people who look under 21 (or 25) without ID.
|}

## Oceania

## Dubi kuma
 

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Matsakaicin iyakar shekarun shari'a teburin kan layi wanda aka sabunta akan juyawa, International Alliance for Responsible DrinkingƘungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Shan Alhakin