Basmala

***Basmala*** (Larabci: بَسْمَلَة, basmalah; wanda kuma aka sani ta hanyar ***Bi-smi llāh***; بِسْمِ ٱللَّٰهِ, "Da sunan Allah", ko **Tasmiyah**, تَسْمِيَّة) shine jumlar musulunci bi-smi llāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīmi ( بِسْمِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ), "Da sunan Allah, Mai rahama, Mai jin ƙai." Yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmancin jumla a cikin Islama kuma musulmai suna amfani da shi a fannoni daban -daban galibi kafin fara "ayyukan ƙwarai" (alal misali, yayin sallar yau da kullun) da kuma yawancin ayyukan yau da kullun.

Ana amfani da shi a cikin fiye da rabin kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasashe inda Musulunci shine addinin hukuma ko fiye da rabin yawan jama'a suna bin addinin Islama, galibi jumla ta farko a cikin farkon gabatarwa, gami da na Afghanistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei, Masar, Iran, Iraki, Kuwait, Libya, Maldives, Pakistan, Tunisia da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa.

Ita ce jumlar da ake karantawa kafin kowace sura (surar) Alkur'ani - ban da ta tara. Sabanin musulmi kan ko zai hada da Basmala a cikin rubutun Alqur'ani, ya cimma matsaya bayan bugun Alkahira na 1924, wanda ya hada da shi a matsayin aya ta farko (āyah) na sura ta 1 ta Qur'ani amma in ba haka ba an hada shi a matsayin layin rubutu mara adadi wanda ya gabaci sauran 112 masu dacewa. surori.

Alamar *Basmala* ta Musulunci tana da alaƙa da bambance -bambancen baya na jumlar da ke bayyana a cikin rubutun Larabawa daga ƙarni na 5 da na 6. A cikin rubutun larabci, Basmala shine jigon da ya fi yawa, har ma fiye da Shahada.

## Suna
Sunan gargajiya na jimla a Larabci na gargajiya shine **Tasmiyah** (تَسْمِيَّة). Sauran jumlolin da aka saba da su a cikin Islama kuma an ba da nasu sunayen bisa ga fi'ilin sigar fi'ili na 2, gami da Tasbih (تَسْبِيح) don "*Subhan Allah*", Tahmid (تَحْمِيد) don "Alhamdulillah", Takbir (تَكْبِير) don "*Allahu Akbar*", Tahlil (تَهْلِيل) don "*la ilaha illa Allah*", da "Ta'awwudh" (تَعَوُّذ) don kalmar "Ina neman tsari da Allah daga Shaiɗan da aka jefe" (, ).

Kalmar basmala ta samo asali ne daga hanyar da ba a saba ganin irinta ba, inda aka yi amfani da huɗu na farkon furcin kalmomin bismi-llāhi ... don ƙirƙirar sabon tushe mai kusurwa huɗu: b-s-m-l () An yi amfani da wannan tushen mai kusurwa huɗu don samo sunan basmala da siffofin fi'ili masu alaƙa, ma'ana "don karanta *basmala*".Hakanan ana amfani da hanyar ƙirƙirar sunan quadriliteral daga baƙaƙe na kalmomi da yawa a cikin jumla don ƙirƙirar sunan  ga *Alhamdulillah*, maimakon sunan Tahmid na gargajiya. Hakanan ana amfani da wannan hanyar don ƙirƙirar kalmar Hawqala.

## Amfani da mahimmanci

A cewar Lane, ar-raḥmān yana da mahimmancin ma'ana, wanda aka ɗauka don haɗawa azaman abubuwan "tausayawa" ga mai bi da kafiri, don haka ana iya sanya shi a matsayin "Mai tausayi"; *ar-raḥīm*, a gefe guda, ana ɗauka don haɗawa azaman abubuwa masu bi musamman, ana iya sanya su a matsayin "Mai jin ƙai" (ana ɗaukarsa azaman sifa ce ta dindindin).

A cikin Alkur'ani, yawanci ana ƙidaya Basmala azaman farkon farkon sura ta farko, amma, bisa ga ra'ayin da Al-Tabari ya ɗauka, ta riga aya ta farko. Baya ga sura ta tara ("At-Tawba"), Al-Qurtubi ya ruwaito cewa madaidaicin ra'ayi shi ne Basmala ta yi banza da farkon At-Tawba saboda Jibrilu bai yi nuni da Basmala ba a cikin wannan surar, wani ra'ayi, yana cewa Muhammadu ya mutu kafin yayi bayani idan At-Tawba yana cikin Kur'ani 8 (*al-ʾanfāl*) ko a'a. Yana faruwa ne a farkon kowace surar Alƙur'ani mai zuwa kuma galibi ba a ƙidaya shi azaman aya sai dai a farkon bayyanarsa a farkon surar farko. Basmala tana faruwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na rubutun sura a cikin aya ta 30 na sura ta 27 ("An-Naml"), inda ta fara gabatar da wasiƙa daga Sulayman zuwa Bilqis, Sarauniyar Sheba.

Ana amfani da *Basmala* sosai a rayuwar Musulmi ta yau da kullun, in ji shi azaman buɗe kowane aiki don samun albarka daga Allah. Karatun Basmala shine abin da ake buƙata a cikin shirya abincin halal.

A yankin Indiya, ana gudanar da bikin Bismillah don shigar yaro cikin addinin Musulunci.

Tabbatattun sunaye guda uku na Basmala—*Allah*, *ar-Rahman* da *ar-Rahim—*sun yi daidai da ukun farko na sunayen Allah guda 99 na gargajiya a Musulunci. Dukansu *ar-Rahman* da *ar-Rahim* sun fito ne daga tushe guda uku R-Ḥ-M, "don jin tausayi, ko tausayi".

Basmala tana da mahimmanci na musamman ga musulmai, waɗanda zasu fara kowane aiki bayan karanta ayar. Ta'awwudh ne ya gabace ta.

Kusan 1980, IRIB tayi amfani da ita kafin fara watsa labarai.

### Hadisi

Akwai hadisai da dama da ke kwadaitar da Musulmai su karanta shi kafin su ci da sha. Misali:

Jabir ya ruwaito: Na ji Manzon Allah (sawa) yana cewa, "Idan mutum ya ambaci Sunan Allah yayin shiga gidansa ko cin abinci, Shaidan ya ce, yana yi wa mabiyansa magana: 'Ba za ku sami inda za ku kwana ba kuma babu abincin dare.' Amma idan ya shiga ba tare da ambaton Sunan Allah ba, Shaiɗan ya ce (ga mabiyansa); 'Kun sami (wurin) da za ku kwana a ciki, kuma idan bai ambaci Sunan Allah a lokacin cin abinci ba, Shaiɗan yana cewa: 'Kun sami (wuri) don kwana da abinci.

— Daga Muslim

Nana A'isha ta ruwaito cewa: "Manzon Allah ya ce," Idan dayanku yana son cin abinci, to ya fara ambaton Sunan Allah (Bismillah). Idan ya manta yin ta da farko, sai ya yi *Bismillah awwalahu wa akhirahu* (Na fara da Sunan Allah a farko da karshensa) ".

— Daga Tirmizi da Abu Dawud

Umaiyyah bin Makshi ya ruwaito cewa: "Annabi yana zaune yayin da wani mutum yake cin abinci. Wannan mutumin bai ambaci Sunan Allah ba har sai da ɗan abinci kaɗan ya rage. Da ya ɗaga shi zuwa bakinsa, ya ce, *Bismillah awwalahu wa akhirahu*. Manzon Allah yayi murmushi akan wannan ya ce, "Shaidan ya kasance yana cin abinci tare da shi amma lokacin da ya ambaci Sunan Allah, Shaidan ya tofa duk abin da ke cikin cikinsa".

— Daga Abu Dawud da Al-Nasai

Wahshi bin Harb ya ruwaito cewa: "Wasu Sahabban Annabi sun ce, 'Muna ci amma ba mu koshi'. Ya ce, 'Wataƙila kuna cin abinci daban.' Sahabbai suka amsa da tabbatacce, sannan ya ce, 'Ku ci tare ku ambaci sunan Allah a kan abincinku. Zai yi muku albarka.

— Daga Abu Dawud

Dangane da Hadisi, Muhammad yace:

Duk abin da ke cikin littattafan da aka saukar za a same shi a cikin Alkur'ani kuma duk abin da ke cikin Alƙur'ani an taƙaita shi a cikin suratul fatihah ("Mai buɗewa") yayin da ita ma tana kunshe a cikin dabara Bismillahi-r-Rahmani-r-Rahim ("Da sunan Allah, Mai rahama, Mai jin kai").

Hadisin da aka yiwa Imam Ali yana cewa:

Basmalah yana da asali a cikin wasiƙar farko, Ba, kuma wannan kuma a cikin maƙallan sa, wanda hakan ke nuna babban haɗin kai.

### Tafsiri

A cikin sharhin Basmala a cikin Tafsirin al-Tabari, al-Tabari ya rubuta:

“Manzon Allah (tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi) ya ce Yesu mahaifiyarsa Maryamu ta mika shi makaranta domin a koyar da shi. [Malamin] ya ce masa: 'Rubuta "Bism (A cikin sunan)".' Kuma Yesu ya ce masa: 'Menene' Bism '?' Malamin ya ce: 'Ban sani ba.' Yesu ya ce: ' "Ba" shine Baha'u'llah (ɗaukakar Allah), "Zunubi" shine Sana'arsa (annuri), "Mim" shine Mamlakah (sarauta)."

## Kimiyyar lissafi
Jimlar darajar haruffan Basmala na Musulunci, watau jimlar-

Dangane da tsarin Abjadi na lissafin adadi, shine 786. Saboda haka wannan lambar ta sami mahimmanci a cikin Islama na mutane da sihirin Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma tana bayyana a lokuta da yawa na al'adun gargajiya, kamar bayyanarsa a cikin waƙar 2006 '786 All is War 'by the band Fun^Da^Mental. An ba da shawarar yin karatun basmala sau 786 a jere a cikin Al-Buni. Sündermann (2006) ya ba da rahoton cewa wani "mai warkarwa na ruhaniya" na zamani daga Siriya ya ba da shawarar karatun basmala sau 786 a kan kopin ruwa, wanda daga nan za a sha shi a matsayin magani.

Hakanan ya zama ruwan dare a taƙaice kalmar ta hanyar buga "786", musamman a sadarwar yanar gizo, musamman tsakanin Musulman Kudancin Asiya.

## Unicode
A cikin Unicode, an sanya Basmala azaman ligature ɗaya a lambar lamba U+FDFD ﷽ a cikin Siffofin Gabatarwa na Larabci-A toshe.

## Manazarta