open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Nicholas Vergette

**Nicholas Vergette** (1923–1974) ƙwararren mai ginin tukwane ne kuma mai sassaka ɗan Birtaniya,  wanda ya ƙera zane-zanen yumbu da ayyukan zane-zane don tsarin gine-gine a shekarun 1950 da 1960.  Ya kasance Farfesa a fannin Fasaha a Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois, Makarantar Fasaha da Zane daga 1960 zuwa 1974. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Vergette a Lincolnshire a shekarar 1923. Ya yi karatun tukwane a ƙarƙashin Dora Billington a Makarantar Fasaha da Zane ta Tsakiya da ke Landan. 

A Birtaniya a shekarun 1950, Vergette, Alan Caiger-Smith, Margaret Hine da sauransu, ciki har da Rye Pottery, sun yi tukwane da aka yi da kwalta, wanda ya saba wa salon tukwane na studio zuwa kayan dutse .  Duk an ba su sunan "Piccassettes" ta hannun Bernard Leach, malamin zane-zane kuma mai zane.

A farkon shekarun 1950, Newland, Hine da Vergette "sun yi kama da na gargajiya", suna raba wani studio a Bayswater da kuma nune-nunen a Cibiyar Sana'o'i da kuma Studio Club da ke Piccadilly . [1] Su ukun sun kuma halarci wani hutu a Spain a shekarar 1949 inda suka "je Malaga suka yi nazarin dabarun jifa da gilashi". [2]

Vergette ya yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka a shekarar 1957. Daga 1960 zuwa 1974 ya kasance Farfesa a fannin Fasaha a Makarantar Fasaha da Zane ta Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois (SIU).

Vergette ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansa a shekarar 1974, watanni biyu bayan kammala "Here", wani babban sassaka a harabar SIU. 

## Manazarta
Charles Vyse

**Charles Vyse** (1882 Staffordshire - 1971 Deal, Kent ), ƙwararren mai zane ne na Burtaniya, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar siffofi masu launuka iri-iri na haruffa da aka gani a titunan London.

Charles yana cikin dangin Staffordshire waɗanda suka saba shiga masana'antar tukwane. Ya fara koyon tukwane a Doulton a Burslem yana da shekaru goma sha huɗu a matsayin mai ƙira da mai zane, kuma Charles Noke ne ya horar da shi. Henry Doulton ya ga ƙarfinsa kuma ya jagorance shi zuwa Makarantar Fasaha ta Hanley inda ya sami tallafin karatu zuwa Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal a Landan. A RCA ya yi karatun sassaka: shekarunsa a can sun kasance daga 1905 zuwa 1910, gami da tallafin karatu na tafiya don ziyartar Italiya a 1909. A 1911 ya zama memba na Royal British Sculptors Society kuma ya auri Nell (1892-1967). A 1912 ya yi karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta Camberwell .

A shekara ta 1914, Vyse ya yi wani aikin frieze wanda ke nuna masu tukwane da masu hakar ma'adinai a saman ƙofar shiga sabuwar kwalejin fasaha a Stoke-on-Trent (yanzu Jami'ar Staffordshire ). Frieze yana cikin dutsen sandstone na Hollington, kuma yana nuna tasirin ƙungiyar Sabon Zane .

Doulton ya ƙera zane-zane ta Vyse a lokacin yaƙin basasa, misali wani mutum-mutumi mai suna "Darling". Duk da haka, ana tunawa da Vyse da dubban zane-zane da wani tukwane na studio ya ƙera a Cheyne Walk a Chelsea, wanda ya fara a shekarar 1919 tare da matarsa. A nan sun ƙera siffofi bisa ga mutanen da aka gani a Landan. Waɗannan siffofi masu zamewa sun shahara sosai kuma an ɗauki mata da yawa aiki don ƙera su. Tukwanen su na studio sun kuma ƙera wasu nau'ikan kayayyaki guda biyu: siffofi na gabas na revivalist da glazes, da kuma kayan ado na fasaha da aka yi wa ado da hannu. 

## Manazarta
Jessie van Hallen

**Jessie Elaine Hallen** (wadda aka haifa a Brooke; 1902–1983), wacce aka fi sani da **Jessie Van Hallen**, ƙwararriyar mai gyaran yumbu ce 'yar Birtaniya wadda ta yi aiki da George Wade tsakanin 1930 da 1940. An haife ta a Wolstanton, Stoke-on-Trent, kuma ta halarci Makarantar Fasaha ta Burslem . An san ta da siffofi masu ban sha'awa, kamar su gnomes na lambu, furanni, dabbobi da mata.  Farkon Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya rage samar da irin waɗannan kayan don fifita waɗanda suka dace da yaƙin.  

An sanya wa wani zauren Jami'ar Staffordshire suna saboda ita.

## Manazarta
John William Wadsworth

**John William Wadsworth** (1879–1955)  ƙwararren mai gyaran yumbu ne ɗan ƙasar Birtaniya.

Bayan ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal, ya fara aikinsa a kamfanin Mintons da ke Stoke-on-Trent, inda ya yi aiki kafada da kafada da Léon-Victor Solon kan zane-zanen Art Nouveau . An tallata waɗannan kayayyaki a matsayin "kayayyakin masu neman ballewa" a matsayin wani abu da ya shafi ƙungiyar zane-zane ta Vienna Secession . [1]

Ya yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka a shekarar 1901. 

Ya koma Kamfanin Porcelain na Royal Worcester a matsayin Daraktan Zane a shekarar 1915.

Shi ne mahaifin mai yin tukwane Philip Wadsworth, wanda aka haifa a Stoke-on-Trent a shekarar 1910. 

## Manazarta
Peter Wright (masanin tukwane)

**Peter Wright** (30 Disamba 1919 - 20 Yuni 2003) ƙwararren mai ginin tukwane ne kuma mai sassaka ɗan Birtaniya .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Wright a Hitchin, Hertfordshire a shekarar 1919 kuma ya girma a Enfield Town, arewacin London . [1] Bayan ya yi aikin soja a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ya halarci Kwalejin Fasaha ta Hornsey daga 1946 zuwa 1950, yana koyon zane-zane amma yana ƙara sha'awar yumbu. [1] Bayan Hornsey, an naɗa shi malamin fasaha a Kwalejin Ilimi ta Sutton Coldfield . [1] A shekarar 1954 ya buɗe ɗakin studio nasa a Monkton Combe, kusa da Bath, kafin ya koma Titin Gloucester da ke birnin. [2] Alamomin tukwanensa tun daga 1953 sun haɗa da farkon sunansa, sunansa da kuma taswirar kifi. [3] A matsayinsa na mai zane-zanen yumbu na avant-garde kuma mai sassaka yumbu, ya fara koyarwa a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Bath a shekarar 1957, a wannan shekarar da aka nuna aikinsa a Gidan Tarihi na Victoria da Albert . [1]

An samo ayyukan Wright ta gidajen tarihi da dama a faɗin duniya.

Ya mutu a ranar 20 ga Yuni 2003 a Bath, Somerset, yana da shekaru 83. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Ya auri Sheila kuma suna da ɗa ɗaya. Auren ya ƙare da rabuwa a shekarun 1960. 

## Gado
An gudanar da wani baje kolin ayyukansa na baya-bayan nan a Gidan Tarihi na Bristol Guild of Applied Art Gallery a shekarar 2003. 

## Manazarta
Angus Suttie

**Angus Suttie** (26 Nuwamba 1946 - 17 Yuni 1993) ta kasance mai tukwane a studio kuma malamar tukwane na fasaha, musamman a Kwalejin Morley, London. Suttie ta yi karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta Camberwell a ƙarƙashin Glennys Barton, Ewen Henderson da Colin Pearson . Wannan ilimin ya haɓaka gwaji, yana ƙin salon Anglo-gabashin Bernard Leach wanda ya fi mai da hankali kan jefa ƙafa . Bayan ta yi karatu tare a Camberwell, Sara Radstone ta gayyace Angus don raba sararin ɗakin studio ɗinta a Kudancin London; shi da Radstone sun ci gaba da yin baje kolin tare a lokuta da dama, musamman a wasan kwaikwayonsu na mutum biyu a Contemporary Applied Arts a Covent Garden na London. 

## Bayani
An haifi Suttie a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 1946, a Tealing, Scotland .   da ya fara sha'awa a kai shi ne wasan kwaikwayo. Bayan kammala karatunsa a fannin zane-zane na Art Ceramics, ya kuma kammala horon malamai a Kwalejin Whitelands, da ke Putney, London. (1979–80). 

## Ayyukan farko
Suttie ya tsara kayansa musamman da fale-falen da aka naɗe na jikin yumbu mai tauri na fata don ƙirƙirar siffofi na geometric, waɗanda ya yanke ya sake haɗa su zuwa manyan siffofi. Abin da Suttie ya fi so shi ne gina hannu kuma ya sami kwarin gwiwa daga abubuwa da siffofi daga al'ummomin kafin masana'antu . Waɗannan galibi suna cikin kayan gida na gargajiya, gami da tasoshin ɗan adam kamar tukwane da tukwanen shayi, waɗanda suke ɓangare na akwati da kuma siffar alama. Ayyukansa masu aiki, amma kaɗan na baroque, suna da launuka masu kyau, kuma galibi suna tsaye a kan ƙafafun da ba a saba gani ba ko kuma suna kama da ba su da daidaito. [1]

## Ayyukan daga baya
A matsayin wani ɓangare na al'adar da ke tasowa ta hanyar amfani da kayan zane a cikin yumbu na zamani, ayyukan Angus sun zama marasa  kuma sun fi kama da na halitta kuma yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, sun fi girma fiye da takwarorinsu na gida. Bugu da ƙari, sun zama masu tsanani kuma fitowar ta yi kama da layukan ƙaya ko hanyoyin tanki.

An bayyana ayyukansa na baya a matsayin waɗanda ke nuna da kuma murnar rayuwarsa, dangantakarsa ta sirri da kuma tabarbarewar lafiyarsa. Ayyukansa suna nuna nau'ikan tasiri iri-iri, ciki har da kayan zane-zane na zamani, kayan zane-zane na Arewacin Amurka, da kuma fasahar Amurka ta Pre-Columbian . 

## Manazarta
Star Wedgwood

**Cecily Stella Wedgwood** (29 Oktoba 1904 - 18 Fabrairu 1995), wacce aka fi sani da **Star Wedgwood**, ƙwararren mai yin yumbu ne na Ingila wanda ya fito daga dangin Wedgwood.

## Iyali
An haifi Star a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 1904 a Barlaston, Staffordshire, Ingila. Ita 'yar Manjo Francis Hamilton Wedgwood ce da matarsa Katherine Wedgwood ( *née* Pigott).  An bayyana mahaifinta a matsayin "tsarin Wedgwood na ƙarni na biyar",  ya fito kai tsaye daga wanda ya kafa kamfanin Wedgwood, mai tukwane Josiah Wedgwood, don haka ya sanya Star ta zama wani ɓangare na tsara ta shida ta iyalin Wedgwood. 

## Aiki
An gabatar da Star ga ƙawata tukwane ta hanyar azuzuwan zane-zane na Alfred Powell a Etruria Works na kamfanin tukwane na Wedgwood da ke Ingila. 

Ta zama mai zane da kanta a kamfanin a farkon shekarun 1930 kuma ta ƙirƙiri wasu tsare-tsare kan kayan kwalliyar ƙashi da kayan kwalliyar Sarauniya don Wedgwood. Sa hannunta shine tauraro mai kusurwa biyar kuma harafin farko shine CW. A cewar Gidan Tarihi na Wedgwood, "Zane-zanen ƙashi na ƙashi suna da ƙarfi, kuma suna amfani da launuka masu ƙarfi da luster na platinum sosai". [1] Wasu daga cikin ayyukanta ana gudanar da su ne a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Victoria da Albert da ke Landan. [2] [3] [4]

A shekarar 1937, Star ta auri Frederic Maitland Wright, wanda daga baya ya zama sakataren kamfanin Wedgwood kuma babban daraktan gudanarwa tare da Norman Wilson.  Ta rasu a Oxfordshire a shekarar 1995.

## Manazarta
Clare Twomey

**Clare Twomey** MBE (an haife ta a shekarar 1968 a Ipswich ) mai zane ce ta gani, mai kula da kuma mai bincike da ke zaune a Landan, tana aiki a fannin aiki, samar da kayayyaki, da kuma shigarwa ta musamman ga wani wuri. Aikinta ya ƙunshi shigarwa da aiwatarwa ta musamman ga wani wuri; tana yawan yin aiki tare da cibiyoyi, tana ƙarfafa shiga da kuma kasancewa cikin ɗan lokaci.

## Ilimi da kuma aikin ilimi
Twomey ta halarci Kwalejin Fasaha ta Edinburgh daga 1991 zuwa 1994 kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Ceramics and Glass daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal da ke Landan a 1996.  A shekarar 2011 ta zama Jami'ar Bincike a Makarantar Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai, Fasaha da Zane a Jami'ar Westminster, inda take da alaƙa da Cibiyar Bincike ta Ceramics. 

## Aiki
Aikin Twomey yawanci ya ƙunshi bincike mai zurfi, haɗin gwiwa a cikin ƙira, da kuma gabatarwa masu hulɗa.  Wani jigo da ake yawan maimaitawa a cikin aikinta shine dangantakar da ke haɗa mutane da abubuwa. Amfani da ita wajen amfani da laka ya ƙunshi nau'ikan kayan aiki daban-daban, gami da yumbu da foda da ba a sarrafa ba, da dabaru da hanyoyin aiki, gami da zamewar siminti da kuma samar da masana'antu. Twomey tana ganin aikinta a matsayin bincike: ta bayyana cewa tana "shiga cikin tsarin bincike, binciken ra'ayoyi, wanda ya dogara ne akan binciken halayen laka." 

An nada Twomey a matsayin memba na Order of the British Empire (MBE) a cikin lambar yabo ta Sabuwar Shekara ta 2022 saboda ayyukan fasaha. 

## Zaɓaɓɓun ayyuka

### ''Sani/lamiri''
Tsakanin 2001 da 2004, an nuna *sani/lamiri* a wurare daban-daban, ciki har da Tate, Liverpool; Majalisar Sana'o'i, London; da Icheon, Koriya. A kowace wurin da aka sanya kayan, an ƙirƙiri tayal ɗin ƙashi mai zurfi tsakanin 3000 zuwa 8000 don a nuna su a ƙasa. Yayin da mai kallo ke tafiya a cikin kayan, an murƙushe tayal ɗin a ƙarƙashin ƙafa, wanda ya sa mai kallo ya zama mai shiga tsakani wajen tsara aikin da kuma ƙalubalantar fahimtar mai kallo game da sararin gallery da kuma dorewar aikin.  Ta haka ne aka kammala zane-zanen ta hanyar lalata tayal ɗin.  An fassara *sani/lamiri* a matsayin nuna yadda aikin mai zane "ya shafi lura da hulɗar ɗan adam da halayen siyasa kuma yana mai da hankali kan sha'awarta ga sararin samaniya, gine-gine, shiga tsakani da kuma gallery a matsayin wurin da za a je." 

### ''Kofin Zakara''
A shekarar 2006, an nuna Kofin a Gidan Tarihi na Victorian da Albert . Wannan baje kolin na kwana ɗaya ya nuna sassaka 4000 na tsuntsayen bluebird da aka yi da siminti waɗanda aka ƙirƙira a Wedgwood Factory. An buga wa kowace tsuntsun bluebird tambari da W don inda aka yi ta, V&A don inda za a nuna ta, da kuma CT don farkon rubutun mai zane. Masu kallo sun zama masu yin wasan kwaikwayo na haɗin gwiwa lokacin da aka nemi su kai ɗaya daga cikin tsuntsayen gida a matsayin 'Trophy'. An nemi waɗannan mahalarta masu himma waɗanda suka ɗauki waɗannan kofuna su aika hoto zuwa Twomey na tsuntsayen da ke cikin sabon gidansu. "Trophy yana ci gaba da bunƙasa kamar yadda yake yaɗuwa a ɗaruruwan wurare masu zaman kansu" [1]

## Manazarta
Alice Buxton Winnicott

**Alice Buxton Winnicott** **Taylor** (1891 - 1969) ƙwararriyar masaniyar bincike ce ta Ingila, mai zane da kuma mai gyaran yumbu. Kamfaninta na Upchurch Pottery ya ƙera kayan tebur na Claverdon don Heal's . Ita ce matar farko ta likitan yara da kuma mai nazarin halayyar ɗan adam, DW Winnicott .

## Rayuwa
An haifi Alice Buxton Taylor a shekarar 1891, a Claverdon, Warwickshire, ta biyu cikin yara biyar masu ƙwarewa. Mahaifinta shine John William Taylor (1851–1910) wanda farfesa ne a fannin ilimin mata a Jami'ar Birmingham . Mahaifiyar Alice, Florence Maberly Buxton (1856–1934), malamar makaranta kafin ta yi aure, ta ilmantar da dukkan 'ya'yanta a gida a ƙuruciyarsu. Alice ta ci gaba da karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta King Edward VI ga 'Yan Mata a Birmingham. A shekarar 1912 Alice ta tafi Cambridge, ta bi mahaifiyarta da babbar 'yar uwarta Mary zuwa Kwalejin Newnham (1912–1915), inda ta yi karatun Littattafan Kimiyyar Halitta . Yayin da take Cambridge ta shiga Ƙungiyar Sedgwick ta ƙasa. 

Bayan zamanta a Cambridge, Taylor ta yi shekaru biyar (1916-1920) a dakin gwaje-gwaje na jiki na ƙasa da ke Teddington, tana gudanar da bincike kan yumbu da gilashin gani, 'inda, a mafi yawan lokuta, ni kaɗai ce dalibar bincike mace'. [1] Ta ambaci aikin a matsayin 'dangane da buƙatun gaggawa na Gwamnati da Masana'antu' kuma ta kira aikin da 'Refractorics', tana gwada kayan aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai yawa da kuma jefa tukwanen gilashi a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba.

Takardar da ta rubuta mai taken 'Simintin tukwane don amfani a aikin gwaji akan gilashin gani' ta bayyana a cikin Mu'amalar Ƙungiyar Fasahar Gilashi, 1920 Vol. 4.

A shekarar 1923 ta auri sabon likitan da ya cancanta, Donald Winnicott, a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 1923 a Cocin St Mary, Frensham . Tana da shekaru talatin da daya a lokacin kuma da alama ta shafe lokacinta, tana barin dakin gwaje-gwaje na jiki na kasa kafin ta hadu da Donald, tare da masu fasaha. Shiga cikin Artists in Britain tun 1945. Juzu'i na 2 (Buckman, 2006) ya bayyana cewa ta yi karatu kuma ta yi aiki tare da manyan masu fasaha na lokacin yayin da take karatu a Richmond, Kingston, Wimbledon da Central School of Art and Design . Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kafuwar kungiyoyin fasaha da dama, ciki har da *New Kingston Group* of painters.

## Manazarta
Denise Wren

**Denise Wren** ( wanda aka haifa **a Tuckfield;** 7 ga Janairu 1891 - 1979) ta kasance mai yin tukwane da sana'ar hannu 'yar Burtaniya da aka haifa a Ostiraliya . Wren ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka fara yin tukwane a studio a Birtaniya.  Ta yi karatu kuma ta koyar da ita a Makarantar Fasaha ta Kingston, Knox Guild da Kwalejin Fasaha ta Camberwell . Daga baya Wren da iyalinta suka kafa Oxshott Pottery kuma suka yi rubutu kan batutuwa na yumbu, yadi da yin kayayyaki. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Denise Tuckfield a Lake View, Albany, Yammacin Ostiraliya a ranar 7 ga Janairu, 1891.  Iyalinta, ciki har da 'yar uwarta Winnifred da 'yan'uwa mata biyu, sun ƙaura zuwa East Molesey, Surrey, Ingila a shekara ta 1900.  A shekara ta 1915, Denise Tuckfield ta auri Henry Wren (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1947). 'Yarsu, Rosemary Wren (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1922) ita ma tana aiki a fannin tukwane.  Wren ta kula kuma ta kula da budgerigars da parakeets da kuma ƙudan zuma a gidan dangin Oxshott.  Wren ta ƙaura zuwa Hittisleigh, Devon a shekara ta 1978 kuma ta mutu a can a shekara ta 1979.  

## Aikin fasahar yumbu

### Makarantar Fasaha ta Kingston da Ƙungiyar Knox
Daga 1907 zuwa 1912 Tuckfield ta halarci Makarantar Fasaha ta Kingston inda ta yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Archibald Knox . A nan, ta koyi jefa tukwane a kan keken daga Mr. Mercer, ma'aikaci a Norbiton Potteries da Brickworks na gida. Ya kuma kunna mata tukwane a cikin murhunsa,  gami da tayal mai siffar kifi mai tashi wanda aka nuna a cikin mujallar fasaha mai kyau da ado ta *The Studio* ta 1909. 

A shekarar 1912, bayan sukar hanyoyin koyarwa da ya yi, Archibald Knox ya bar Makarantar Fasaha ta Kingston.  Tare da sauran ɗalibai daga ajin zane-zanensu, 'yan'uwa mata Denise da Winifred Broun-Morrison sun haɗu da Knox don nuna rashin amincewa da kafa ƙungiyar Knox Guild of Design and Craft . 

### Kamfanin Yin Tukwane na Oxshott a Potter's Croft
Bayan aurenta da Henry Wren a shekarar 1915, ma'auratan sun gina gidansu bisa ga ƙirar Denise Wren: Potter's Croft, wurin aiki da gida a Oxshott da ke Surrey. A nan, sun kafa Oxshott Pottery wanda ke samar da kayayyakin ƙasa masu haske kamar kwano, kwanuka da tukwane waɗanda suka sayar a nunin gona da na lambu a lokacin yaƙin basasa . Sun koyar da makarantar bazara kuma sun rubuta littattafai kan tukwane. Wren ta kuma koyar da azuzuwan yamma a Makarantar Fasaha ta Teddington. [1] [undefined] [2] Wren ta fara ƙira don ƙananan murhu, waɗanda ta sayar da su ta hanyar wasiƙa ga masu son tukwane, a Burtaniya da kuma ƙasashen waje. [3]

## Manazarta
Mary White (masanin yumbu da marubuci)

**Mary White,** ma'aikaciyar **Rollinson** (1926–2013) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce ta yumbu da kuma mai rubuta rubutu . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa

An haifi White a shekarar 1926 a Croesyceiliog, Wales . Daga 1949 zuwa 1950 ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Goldsmiths kuma a 1951 ta auri mai zane Charles White (wanda ya mutu a 1997). An naɗa ta memba a Ƙungiyar Marubuta da Masu Haske (SSI) a 1962  daga baya kuma aka naɗa ta a Musayar Wasiku . 

A farkon shekarun 1970, White ya koyar a Kwalejin Atlantic, Glamorgan.  Bayan ya koyar na tsawon shekaru ashirin a makarantun nahawu, kwalejojin fasaha da Kwalejin Atlantic, White ya daina koyarwa a shekarar 1973 don yin aiki mai zaman kansa.

A shekarar 1975, an gayyaci White don ta halarci wani taron ƙasa da ƙasa a Cardiff, kuma ta sami damar yin gwaji da faranti. Ta ƙirƙiro kwano masu faɗi, tana faɗaɗa siraran rim ɗin har zuwa inda za su karye. Ta kuma sami damar amfani da launuka a cikin gilashi maimakon launin ruwan kasa mai ɗumi da ta saba amfani da shi don kayan tebur. Wannan ya nuna babban canji a aikinta. Turquoise ya zama launin da ta fi so, da farko tsantsa, sannan kuma da bambance-bambance masu sauƙi. Ta fara yin ƙarin kayan da ta ke so, kuma lokacin da ita da mijinta suka ƙaura zuwa Jamus a shekarar 1980 ba ta cika yin kayan tebur ba. A shekarar 1982, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Staatspreis Rheinland-Pfalz saboda aikin hannu mai ban mamaki. [1]

## Manazarta
Jens Peter Dahl-Jensen

**Jens Peter Dahl-Jensen** (23 Yuli 1874 - 12 Disamba 1960) ƙwararren mai sassaka ne ɗan ƙasar Denmark. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Dahl-Jensen a Nibe da ke Jutland, Denmark. Shi ɗan Anders Peter Jensen ne da Karen Kirstine Dahl. An haife shi Jens Peter Jensen, a shekarar 1926, ya canza sunansa daga Jensen zuwa Dahl-Jensen. A shekarar 1900 ya auri Martha Elisabeth Bertha Haugaard (1871-1960). 

Ɗan mai yin kabad ne, da farko ya fara koyon aikin haɗa kabad a Aalborg kuma ya lashe lambar azurfa saboda aikinsa mai kyau. A wannan lokacin ya koyi sassaka itace kuma ya fara sha'awar sassaka. Daga 1894 zuwa 1897, Dahl-Jensen ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal Danish da ke Copenhagen. A lokacin hutunsa ya yi tafiya zuwa Berlin da Dresden . Bayan jarrabawarsa ta ƙarshe a makarantar, ya yi ƙarin karatu a Switzerland da Italiya. [1]

Daga 1897 zuwa 1917, ya kasance ƙwararren mai ƙira a kamfanin yin faci na Bing &amp;amp; Grøndahl a Copenhagen, kuma daga 1917 zuwa 1925 shi ne darektan fasaha na masana'antar yin faci ta *Norden*, wadda ita ma take a Copenhagen. 

Tsakanin 1901 da 1925 Dahl-Jensen ya yi zane-zanen ƙananan sassaka na dabbobin ganima da aka yi da tagulla waɗanda aka nuna a Charlottenborg, Malmö, Berlin, Munich da San Francisco, amma ya shahara sosai saboda aikinsa a cikin faranti, musamman siffofi na dabbobi na Bing & Grøndahl. Shi ne mai sassaka dabbobi mafi aiki a kamfaninsa, wasu daga cikin siffofi na Art Nouveau har yanzu Royal Copenhagen ne ke samarwa. 

## Manazarta
Kate Westrup

**Ethel Kate Westrup** (1885–1928) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce 'yar Birtaniya, wacce ta shahara a matsayin mai zane da kuma mai yin yumbu.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Westrup, kuma an rene ta, a Hornsey da ke arewacin London, cikin iyali mai akalla yara takwas. [1] Ba a gano wani tarihin ilimin fasaha na Westrup ba amma an san cewa a kusa da 1911 ta ƙaura, tare da 'yar uwarta mai zane Emily (1870–1960), zuwa Lamorna da ke Cornwall . [1] [2] Kate Westrup ta samar da zane-zane da zane-zane masu mai, galibi na dabbobi, kuma ta nuna ayyukanta a Royal Academy da ke Landan, tare da New English Art Club kuma a 1912 ta nuna zane-zanen karnuka a Alpine Club. [1] Ta ba da gudummawar zane-zane ga Littafin Farauta na Punch na 1914. [3] An zaɓi Westrup a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar masu fasaha ta mata a 1923. [3] A farkon shekarun 1920, tare da Ella Naper, Westrup ta kafa Lamorna Pottery wanda ke samar da nau'ikan yumbu da kayayyaki na gida waɗanda aka sayar ta shagunan kayan tarihi a cikin gida da kuma a Manchester, Liverpool da sauran wurare. [1] An rufe ginin Pottery bayan mutuwar Westrup a shekarar 1928.

## Manazarta
Lane Bess

**Lane Bess** (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 1961) ɗan jari-hujja ne da aka san shi da aikinsa a fannin fasaha. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma wanda ya kafa asusun iyali Bess Ventures and Advisory, LLC, wani kamfani mai kula da dabaru, saka hannun jari da ayyukan tallatawa, tun daga watan Fabrairun 2015.  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Bess ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Ocean Township a shekarar 1979. 

A shekarar 1983, Bess ya sami digirin farko na Kimiyya a fannin Tattalin Arzikin Gudanarwa daga Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon . Bess ya yi aiki a matsayin Amintacce na Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon tun daga watan Yunin 2019.  

## Sana'a
Bess ya riƙe manyan mukamai na tallace-tallace da tallatawa a Kamfanin NCR . 

Bess ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Trend Micro .   A shekara ta 2008, ya zama shugaban kuma Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na Palo Alto Networks, inda a shekara ta 2010 yake shirya kamfanin don fara bayar da tayin jama'a .  Daga 2011 zuwa 2015, Bess shine Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na Zscaler .   

Bess yana aiki a matsayin daraktocin kamfanoni da dama, ciki har da Deep Instinct,   eSentire, TrueFort, ZeroFOX, PLUM (SPAC).       

## Tashi zuwa sararin samaniya
A ranar 11 ga Disamba, 2021, Bess ta tashi zuwa sararin samaniya a cikin jirgin Blue Origin NS-19 . Bess, tare da sauran membobin Blue Origins NS-19, su ne waɗanda suka karɓi kyautar FAA Commercial Space Astronaut Wings,  wani tambari mai kama da fuka-fukan jiragen sama wanda Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya ta ƙirƙira don ƙarfafawa da jawo hankali ga tashi da saukar jiragen sama na kasuwanci .

A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 2025, Bess ya dawo sararin samaniya a kan Blue Origin NS-30 . 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Bess ya auri matarsa Letty.  Ɗansa Cameron Bess ya raka shi zuwa sararin samaniya a cikin jirgin Blue Origin NS-19, wanda hakan ya sa su zama ma'aurata na farko da suka tashi zuwa sararin samaniya tare.  Cameron mutum ne mai gashin gashi, wanda aka fi sani da pansexual, kuma yana yawo a Twitch .  

## Manazarta
Kirsten Christensen

**Kirsten Annette Christensen** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1943) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce kuma mai yin yumbu 'yar ƙasar Denmark. Ta ƙirƙiri manyan kayan tarihi waɗanda ke nuna jigogi na rayuwa kamar tsufa, rashin lafiya, gurɓatawa da mutuwa.  

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Christensen a Copenhagen a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 1943, ta fara karatun fasaha a Makarantar Fasaha da Sana'o'i (1964–69) kafin ta halarci sashen zane-zane na gini da sararin samaniya na Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal Danish (1969–75). Bayan kammala karatunta, ta zama mataimakiyar koyarwa. A wannan matsayin, ta shiga cikin ƙawata hanyoyin hawa dutse a Albertslund da Hjørring . Ta amfani da kayan dutse a matsayin kayan da ta fi so, da farko ta ƙirƙiri waƙoƙi masu ban mamaki amma ba da daɗewa ba ta fara haɗa da siffofi da al'amuran ɗan adam. Aikinta sau da yawa yana kama da allon sanarwa tare da abubuwa da ke nuna ci gaba ta hanyar lokaci da sarari. Babban abin da ta cim ma a wannan lokacin shine nunin kayanta na 1978 a Gentofte mai suna Min Mor og Mig (My Mother and Ni) wanda ya ƙunshi ayyukan yumbu 17 tare da rubutu da ke bayyana dangantakar mai zane da mahaifiyarta da ke rashin lafiya.  Sun nuna ƙarfin motsin zuciyar da ta fuskanta yayin da rashin lafiyar mahaifiyarta ta tabarbare a gidajen kula da tsofaffi har ta mutu. Haɗa gaskiya, tunawa da mafarkai ya sa aka amince da Christensen a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan mawakan mata a Denmark. 

A shekarar 1982, Christensen ya yi wa dakin karatu na Hjortespring ado da abubuwa 25 a cikin kayan dutse da acrylics waɗanda ke nuna barazanar da ke ƙara yi wa rayuwar kifayen whale da sauran dabbobin da ke fuskantar barazanar bacewa, babban abu shine whale baƙi mai launin shuɗi. Kristensen ya kuma yi wa ɗakin jira ado a Tashar Aalborg (1988) da faranti 18 masu launuka masu haske, kuma a shekarar 1992, ya kammala allunan gilashin polychrome guda 30 don rufin a Køge Waterpark. [1]

## Manazarta
Mogens Andersen

**Mogens Helge Thestrup Andersen** (8 Agusta 1916 - 18 Afrilu 2003) ɗan ƙasar Denmark ne. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a Copenhagen, Andersen ya yi karatun zane a makarantar fasaha ta P. Rostrup Bøyesen (1933–39). Ya fara baje kolin a Kunstnernes Efterårsudstilling a shekarar 1935. Ayyukansa na farko zane-zane ne masu launin ƙasa amma ya fi sha'awar Zamanin Faransa. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo a Paris har zuwa 1965, inda zane-zanen Abstract suka ja hankalinsa. Godiya ga abotarsa da Pierre Soulages da Jean Bazaine, ya ƙirƙiri salon arabesques masu duhu a kan bango mai haske. [1] [2]

Babban aikin Andersen na farko a Denmark shine kayan ado na Abstract in the Central Library on Kultorvet (1959) wanda ya haifar da tattaunawa mai zurfi amma akwai ƙarin godiya ga ayyukan da ya yi daga baya, ciki har da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Bochum (1981) da Cocin Sejs-Svejbæk kusa da Silkeborg (1990).  

## Kyaututtuka
A shekarar 1949, an ba Andersen lambar yabo ta Eckersberg, kuma a shekarar 1984, lambar yabo ta Thorvaldsen . 

## Manazarta
Lisbet Dæhlin

**Lisbet Dæhlin** née **Hübschmann** (1922–2012) ƙwararriyar mai yin yumbu ce 'yar ƙasar Norway da aka haifa a Denmark wadda ake tunawa da ita saboda tukwane da furanni masu launin shuɗi. Tana cikin waɗanda suka taimaka wajen haɓaka yumbu na ƙasar Norway daga amfani mai amfani zuwa ayyukan fasaha. Bayan ta yi karatu a Copenhagen, ta ƙaura zuwa Norway a shekarar 1949 kuma ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci tare da mai sassaka da yumbu Svein Visted (1903–84) a cikin shagonsa na Lillehammer .   A kusan shekarar 1970, ta kafa nata ɗakin studio a gundumar Frysia ta Oslo inda ta yi aiki har zuwa 2007. Ta yi baje kolin abubuwa da yawa a Norway da ma wasu wurare.  Da yawa daga cikin abubuwan da Dæhlin ya ƙirƙira suna cikin tarin kayan tarihi na ƙasar Norway na dindindin. 

## Rayuwar farko, ilimi da iyali
An haife ta a ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1922 a Lunde, Varde Municipality, a arewa maso yammacin Jutland, Lisbet Hübschmann 'yar mai zane-zane kuma mai son wasan kwaikwayo Jakob Carstensen Jakobsen Hübschmann (1893–1973) da matarsa Birgitte Bloch Sørensen (1891–1978). [1] Ita ce babbar 'yar'uwar mai zane Peer Hübschmann (1920–93). [2] Daga 1942 zuwa 1945 ta halarci Makarantar Fasaha da Sana'o'i a Copenhagen. Daga nan ta sami gogewa a ayyukan bita a Denmark da Faransa (1946–48). A watan Yulin 1950, ta auri malamin jami'a Erik Oddvar Dæhlin (1926–2010) [1]

## Manazarta
Nina Hole

**Nina Hole** (20 ga Fabrairu 1941 - 21 ga Fabrairu 2016) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce ta ƙasar Denmark, mai sassaka, kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo wadda ta taimaka wajen kafa Gidan Tarihi na Fasahar CLAY na Denmark  da Cibiyar Ceramics ta Duniya – Guldagergaard. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Hole ta yi karatu a Makarantar Fasaha da Sana'a ta Copenhagen, da Kwalejin Jihar Fredonia, New York . Ta kasance memba ta farko a Clay Today, wata ƙungiya mai haɗin gwiwa wadda ta shirya wani taron tattaunawa na ƙasa da ƙasa a Tommerup Brickyard Studio da ke Funen, Denmark, a shekarar 1990. Hole babban rukuni ne da ya kafa Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na CLAY, Denmark, wanda aka buɗe a Middelfart a shekarar 1994, inda ta kuma yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a hukumar gidan tarihi. [1] A shekarar 1997, kuzari da basirar Hole sun taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar Cibiyar Binciken Ceramics ta Duniya - Guldagergaard, a Skælskør, Denmark. [2]

An san Hole da sha'awarta ga yumbu, halitta, da kuma al'umma, ta fara samun yabo ga jerin manyan ayyukan ƙonawa da ta kira "Zane-zanen Wuta." Hole ya rubuta game da waɗannan ayyukan, waɗanda suka haɗa fannoni na yumbu da aiki: "Na ƙirƙiro ra'ayin gina manyan sassaka na waje waɗanda suka haɗa da dukkan abubuwan da ke ciki: ƙonewa, saman tsari, siffa, sarrafa wuta, da canji." 

## Manazarta
Thorvald Bindesbøll

**Thorvald Bindesbøll** (21 ga Yuli 1846 - 27 ga Agusta 1908) ƙwararren mai zane ne na ƙasar Denmark, mai sassaka da kuma mai zane-zanen ado. Ya tsara Dragon Fountain, Copenhagen ( *Dragespringvandet* ) kuma wataƙila an fi saninsa da wanda ya ƙirƙiri alamar giya ta Carlsberg, wadda ba ta canza ba tun lokacin da aka gabatar da ita.  

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Bindesbøll a Copenhagen, Denmark. An haife shi a cikin iyali mai fasaha; ɗan mai zane ne Michael Gottlieb Bindesbøll (1800–1856) da matarsa Andrea Frederikke Andersen (1819-1899). 'Yar'uwarsa Johanne Bindesbøll ta yi fice a fannin zane-zanen yadi. [1] [2]

Ya halarci Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal Danish kuma ya tafi a matsayin mai zane a 1876. An mayar da shi mai zane a matsayin mai zane, Bindesbøll ya ƙara komawa ga fasahar sana'a. Tun daga 1880, ya shigo fagen tukwane wanda abokinsa kuma mai zane Andreas Clemmensen ya ƙarfafa shi. Ya fara samar da yumbu a Frauens Levarefabrik. Ya yi aiki a Johan Wallmann a Utterslev 1883-90, tsakanin 1890 da 1891, ya yi aiki tare da faience a Kähler a Næstved da kuma a G. Eifrig a Valby 1891-1904. Zuwa 1904 yana aiki tare da Holger Kyster na Denmark mai ƙera zinare da azurfa (1872-1944). Tsawon shekarun Bindesbøll yana da haɗin gwiwa sosai da August Jerndorff da Joakim Skovgaard . Ya sami sanarwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa a Paris Exposition Universelle (1900) inda ya lashe lambar zinare saboda ƙawata shi na baje kolin Denmark. Tare da A. Michelsen, ya tsara wasu kayan yanka. Bindesboll yana da fifikon yin ado da dukkan maƙallan kayansa ta hanyar amfani da tsarin furanni masu faɗi, ko kuma manyan tsare-tsare na geometric.   

Bindesbøll ya mutu a Frederiksberg kuma an binne shi a Frederiksberg Ældre Kirkegård.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin Masu Gine-gine na Denmark
* Lambar Yabo ta Thorvald Bindesbøll

## Manazarta
Arne Haugen Sørensen

**Arne Haugen Sørensen** (  ; an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Afrilu 1932) ɗan ƙasar Denmark ne mai zane da zane.  Tun daga shekarun 1980, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin masu fasaha na addini mafi ƙwarewa a Denmark, yana ƙawata majami'u sama da 25.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Haugen Sørensen a Copenhagen, ba shi da horo sosai a fannin zane-zane, banda darussan zane na yamma, kuma bayan ya isa Paris a shekarar 1950, ya gabatar da gajerun bayanai game da zane-zane da kuma rubuce-rubuce a makarantun da Stanley William Hayter da Johnny Friedlander ke gudanarwa.  Kamar ƙaninsa, Jørgen Haugen Sørensen, an koyar da shi da kansa a matsayin mai zane. 

Ya fara fitowa a shekarar 1953, a Kunsterners efterårsudstilling, daga baya ya ci gaba da baje kolin kaka na Charlottenborg da kuma daga shekarar 1967 a Grønningen . Ya kuma yi baje kolin a Paris akai-akai, tun daga 9e Salon de la Jeune Peinture a shekarar 1958. [1] Tsawon zamansa a Mallorca a shekarar 1962-63 ya inganta zanensa, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga haske mai haske, launi da kuma duniyar karkashin ruwa da ya fuskanta a matsayin mai nutsewa. Ayyukansa na farko sun yi kama da marasa tsari amma ya ƙara gabatar da dabbobi da siffofi na ɗan adam. Ayyukansa sun kuma amfana daga haduwarsa da Asger Jorn, Echaurren Matta da Antonio Saura waɗanda ya haɗu da su a taron bita na Clot et George wanda Peter Bramsen ke gudanarwa. [1]

A lokacin da ya koma Denmark a shekarar 1967, Haugen Sørensen ya ƙirƙiro salon zane mai ban mamaki na Expressionist a cikin launuka masu haske, yana gabatar da yanayin halittar ɗan adam da kuma rashin kyawun rayuwa. A shekarun 1970, ya fara amfani da acrylics, sau da yawa tare da launuka da yawa na fenti, a cikin ayyukan da suka haɗa da *Pastorale med indbyggede katastrofer* (1975), *Dyr og damer* (1979) da *Frokost i det grønne* (1979). Yawancin ayyukansa suna nuna wani mafarauci yana bin mace da aka zalunta, yana kwatanta tsoro da tashin hankali. 

## Manazarta
Daniel Andersen

Daniel Andersen (25 Nuwamba 1885 - 30 Afrilu 1959) mawaki ne ɗan ƙasar Denmark, mai sassaka, da kuma mai yin yumbu . Ya yi karatun kiɗa a Vienna ; daga cikin waƙoƙinsa akwai wasu ayyukan addini da kuma wasan opera, Madonnas Ansigt .

## Manazarta
William McCormick Blair Jr.

**William McCormick "Bill" Blair Jr.** (24 ga Oktoba, 1916 - 29 ga Agusta, 2015) jami'in diflomasiyyar Amurka ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Jakadan Amurka a Denmark daga 1961 zuwa 1964 da kuma Jakadan Amurka a Philippines daga 1964 zuwa 1967. Lauya ne, kuma abokin hulɗa ne na Adlai Stevenson II . An ba shi digirin girmamawa na Doctor of Laws (LLD) daga Kwalejin Whittier a 1964. 

## Rayuwar farko
Blair ɗa ne ga Helen Hadduck (Bowen) da William M. Blair, waɗanda suka kafa kamfanin bankin saka hannun jari na William Blair &amp;amp; Company tare.  Ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Groton a shekarar 1935,  Jami'ar Stanford, da Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Virginia a shekarar 1947. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1961, a cikin cocin da ke Frederiksborg Castle da ke Hillerød, Denmark, Ambasada Blair ya auri Catherine "Deeda" Gerlach (an haife ta a 1931), tsohuwar matar magajin oleomargarine Charles Clarke Jelke kuma 'yar Norman Harbridge Gerlach (1904–1980), abokiyar hulɗa a kamfanin lauyoyi na Chicago Gerlach & O'Brien, da matarsa, tsohuwar Joanna Powell. An nada Deeda Blair (wanda daga baya aka ɗauke shi a matsayin wanda Andy Warhol ya ɗauki hotunansa)  a matsayin darakta kuma mataimakiyar shugabar Gidauniyar Lasker a 1965 kuma shahararriyar mai fafutukar kare lafiyar jama'a ce.

Ma'auratan suna da ɗa ɗaya, ɗa mai suna William McCormick Blair III, wanda ya kashe kansa a watan Mayu na 2004 yana da shekaru 41. Bayan mutuwar ɗansu, sun ƙaura daga Washington, DC, zuwa birnin New York. Ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Agusta, 2015, a gidansa da ke Manhattan yana da shekaru 98.

## Itacen iyali

## Manazarta
Karen Hannover

**Karen Anna Hannover,** wacce aka haifa a shekarar **Topsøe** (1872–1943), mai sana'ar yumbu ce ta ƙasar Denmark. Ba tare da ilimin fasaha ba, a lokacin da take birnin Paris a shekarar 1892–94, goggon ta, mai zane Anna Petersen, ta sami kwarin gwiwar sha'awar al'adu. Wannan ya haifar da hulɗa da mai zane Jens Ferdinand Willumsen da mawaki Sophus Claussen . A shekarar 1897, ta auri masanin tarihin fasaha Emil Hannover wanda ya nuna sha'awar yumbu. Bayan ta shafe shekaru da dama tana renon iyali, a shekarar 1910 ta fara gwada yumbu, tana shiga cikin baje kolin Landsforeningen Dansk Kunsthandværk a Gidan Tarihi na Fasahar Ado a shekarar 1912. Godiya ga damuwarta game da inganci, ta ci gaba da ƙirƙirar ayyukan faience masu launin fari, waɗanda aka yi wa fenti kore kaɗan. An yi wa tuluna da kwano ado da inabi masu ganye, furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa, a wasu lokutan kuma suna ɗaukar siffar 'ya'yan itatuwa.   

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Karen Anna Topsøe a Copenhagen a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 1872, 'yar marubuciya Vilhelm Christian Sigurd Topsøe (1840–1881) da Augusta Pauline Kirstine Petersen (1846–1901). Ita ce 'ya'ya ta biyu cikin uku, ta girma a cikin wani yanayi na al'adu mai wadata. Bayan rasuwar mahaifinta da wuri a 1881, mahaifiyarta ta rene ta. A 1892, ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar N. Zahle kuma ta wuce ilimin falsafar Exam a shekara mai zuwa. 

## Sana'a
A wannan kaka, ta ƙaura tare da mahaifiyarta da 'yar uwarta Ingeborg zuwa Paris inda goggonta, mai zane Anna Petersen, ta riga ta zauna. Sakamakon haka, ta saba da yawancin masu fasaha 'yan Denmark da Scandinavia waɗanda suka jawo hankalin birnin, musamman mai sassaka Jens Ferdinand Willumsen, marubuci Herman Bang da mawaƙi Sophus Claussen. Bayan watanni biyu kacal, Claussen ya kamu da sonta ba tare da wata damuwa ba. Duk da cewa ta ƙi amincewa da buƙatar aurensa a ƙarshen 1893, ya ci gaba da rubuta mata wasiƙa kuma ya haɗu da ita akai-akai lokacin da ta dawo Denmark a 1894. Soyayya ta bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucensa. [1]

A watan Mayu na shekarar 1897, Karen Topsøe ta auri masanin tarihin fasaha Emil Viggo Hannover wanda daga baya ya zama darektan gidan tarihi. Gidansu ya jawo hankalin mutane da yawa daga cikin manyan al'adu, ciki har da masanin tarihin fasaha Karl Madsen, mai zane Johan Rohde da ma'auratan Agnes da Harald Slott-Møller . 

## Manazarta
Frode Bahnsen

**Frode Bahnsen** (1923–1983) ƙwararren mai sassaka ne ɗan ƙasar Denmark, mai lashe lambobin yabo, mai yin yumbu da kuma mai zane. Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai lashe lambobin yabo na Royal Danish Mint tsawon shekaru 15 na rayuwarsa.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An horar da Bahnsen a matsayin wanda ya lashe kyautar a ƙarƙashin Harald Salomonsen . Ya yi aiki a Royal Mint daga 1948 har zuwa mutuwarsa. A shekarar 1968, an naɗa shi a matsayin babban mai lashe kyautar. Ge ya kuma ƙirƙiri lambar yabo ta Sirius Patrol (1975). 

Bahnsen ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai gyaran yumbu a cikin shagonsa a "Den 3. kunstnerby" a Hjortekær, Kongens Lyngby, wani ƙauyen masu zane, wanda shi, tare da mai sassaka Ulrika Marseen, suka kafa rabin farko na shekarun 1950. Daga nan ya samar da kayan dutse a ƙarƙashin sunansa (FB) da kuma ia a ƙarƙashin sunan MELFF. Ya kuma ƙirƙiri ƙirar tukunyar shayi ga masana'antar tukwane ta Palshus. [1]

Ilimin farko na Bahnsen ya kasance a matsayin mai zane-zanen alamu. Daga baya ya ɗauki darussan zane da zane daga, da sauransu Aage Handest a Århus kuma a tsawon rayuwarsa shi ma ya kasance mai aiki a matsayin mai zane. 

## Manazarta
Karl Hansen Maidowa

**Frederik Karl Kristian Hansen Reistrup** (22 Afrilu 1863 - 18 Maris 1929) ƙwararren mai sassaka ne na ƙasar Denmark, mai zane-zane da kuma mai yin yumbu. Ana tunawa da Reistrup saboda muhimmiyar gudummawar da ya bayar ga yumbu musamman ga yumbun da ya ƙera wa masana'antar tukwane ta Herman A. Kähler da ke Næstved .  

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife shi a Valby, ya yi karatun yumbu yayin da yake halartar Kwalejin Fasaha ta Copenhagen don shirin horo a ƙarƙashin Carl Ferdinand Andersen a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal Danish (1881–82). Ya kuma halarci Académie Julian a Paris a ƙarƙashin Henri Chapu daga 1885.  

Bayan ya yi horo a Kongelige Porcelainsfabrik da kuma a Manufacture nationale de Sèvres, ya haɗu da Herman A. Kähler a masana'antar tukwanensa da ke Næstved a shekarar 1888 inda ya zama darektan fasaha.  Ya samar da zane-zane da yawa masu nasara, musamman don tukwane da tukwane, waɗanda galibi ana gama su da gilashin ruby luster da aka sani da Kähler red.  Ya kuma yi wa gine-gine da dama ado, yana samar da friezes don Aarhus Theatre (1900), Marselisborg (1902) da Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek (1902).  

Daga baya ya gudanar da ayyukan fasaha daga jawabinsa na sirri a kan Reistrupvej a Næstved. Tun daga kusan 1910 ya ƙirƙiri yanayin ƙasa na dawakai da yaƙe-yaƙe daga yaƙe-yaƙe na Yaƙin Schleswig na Farko da na Biyu, ciki har da Rytterfægtningen ved Vorbasse (1892) da Affæren ved Høien kro (1919). Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai zane a cikin wannan fanni. Bugu da ƙari, ya zana ayyukan marubuci kuma mawaƙi Bernhard Severin Ingemann . [1]

## Rayuwa ta sirri
A shekarar 1890, ya auri Johanne Katrine Hansine Jonasson (1865–1949). Ɗansu, Urban Hansen-Reistrup (1893–1973) wani mai zane ne wanda ya fi aiki a Næstved . Karl Hansen Reistrup ya mutu a Copenhagen kuma an binne shi a tsohon gidan cocin da ke Næstved. 

## Manazarta
Svend Hammershøi

**Svend Hammershøi** (10 ga Agusta 1873 - 27 Fabrairu 1948) ɗan ƙasar Denmark ne mai zane-zane kuma masanin yumbu.  Ana tunawa da shi musamman don ƙirar tukwane na gargajiya da ya ba da gudummawa ga Royal Copenhagen ( *Kongelige Porcelainsfabrik* ) da kuma Kamfanin Ceramics Factory na Kähler ( *Kählers Keramiske Værksted* ) a Næstved . 

## Tarihin Rayuwa

An haife shi a gundumar Frederiksberg ta Copenhagen, shi ne ƙanin mai zane Vilhelm Hammershøi (1864–1916) wanda ya kasance tushen tasiri da wahayi mai ƙarfi.  Bayan lokacin shiri a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Copenhagen, ya yi karatun zane a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal Danish daga 1890 zuwa 1892, bayan haka ya ƙara yin shekaru biyar a Kunstnernes Frie Studieskoler, makarantar fasaha da Kristian Zahrtmann ke gudanarwa. 

Tun yana ɗan shekara 14, Hammershøi yana sha'awar yin kayan yumbu. A shekara ta 1888, ya fara yin ado da faranti a Kjøbenhavns Lervarefabrik da ke Valby, inda daga 1890 zuwa 1905 ya yi aiki tare da Thorvald Bindesbøll . Tsakanin 1893 da 1894 ya buga zane-zane a cikin mujallar *Taarnet* mai alama.  Ya kuma yi dogon lokaci biyu tare da Herman A. Kähler a Næstved, ban da ayyukan da aka yi a Kongelige Porcelainsfabrik da Bing &amp;amp; Grøndahl .

Lokacin da Bindesbøll ya mutu a shekarar 1908, Hammershøi ya rasa sha'awarsa ga kayan yumbu ya koma ga zane, yana mai da hankali kan shimfidar wurare, da farko zane-zane da launukan ruwa, da kuma mai daga baya. Hammershøi ya yi tafiya zuwa Berlin a shekarar 1894, zuwa Dresden a shekarar 1896-97. A kan tallafin karatu, ya koma Ingila a shekarar 1910 inda ya shafe shekaru huɗu masu zuwa yana ƙirƙirar zane-zanen gine-gine na Oxford da Wells . Daga 1910 zuwa 1933, kusan kowace shekara yana Oxford . Ya koma Denmark a lokacin zane-zanen Yaƙin Duniya na Farko Kronborg, Gåsetårnet a Vordingborg da kuma hotunan tsohon garin Copenhagen. [1] [2]

## Manazarta
Lisa Engqvist

**Hedvig Elisabeth Birgitte Engqvist**, wacce aka fi sani da **Lisa Engqvist**, (1914–1989) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce ta ƙasar Denmark ce kuma mai zane . Ana tuna da ita saboda ayyukanta marasa daidaituwa da na alama. Tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1960, yayin da take aiki a Bing &amp;amp; Grondahl, ta ƙirƙiro samfuran samar da kayayyaki da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da tuluna da tukwane a cikin siffofi na geometric. A farkon shekarun 1980, ta koyar a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Jutland .  

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Hedevig Elisabeth Birgitta Hesler a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1914 a Florence, Italiya. Mahaifiyarta ta yi tafiya zuwa Florence domin ba ta son haihuwa a Denmark. Godiya ga tasirin kawunta, mai zane Gudmund Hentze (1875–1948) da mai sassaka Svend Rathsack (1885–1941), ta girma a cikin yanayin al'adu. Bayan kammala karatunta, ta yi karatun yumbu a Makarantar Fasaha da Sana'o'i, inda ta sami takardar shaidar digiri a 1935.   A wannan shekarar, ta auri mai zane Hans Henrik Engqvist (1912–2003).  Ta mutu a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 1989 a Lyngby, Denmark . 

Engqvist ta fara aiki da mai yin tukwane Nathalie Krebs a wurin gyaran duwatsu na Saxbo da ke Gladsaxe (1935–38). Tsawon shekaru goma da suka biyo baya, ta sadaukar da kanta wajen renon 'ya'yanta uku, Lene Marie (1938) da tagwayen Anna Birgitte da Hedda Agnete (1943). A shekarar 1948, ta kafa nata wurin gyaran a gidan iyali da ke Lungby, ba da daɗewa ba ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gyaran tukwane a Denmark. Ta ƙirƙiri ayyukan mutum ɗaya da na mutane da yawa, waɗanda galibi ke nuna kawunan tsuntsaye ko dawakai. Ta yi gwaji da sabbin dabarun gilashi, gami da al'adun raku na Japan waɗanda ta cimma a wani gini na musamman da aka gina a gona a Hvalpsund a Himmerland inda iyalin ke yin hutunsu. [1]

Bayan ta ƙara shafe shekaru biyu tare da Nathalie Krebs (1952–54), ta shiga Bing & Grøndahl inda ta ƙirƙiro samfuran samarwa, tana ƙirƙirar kwalabe, tuluna da furanni masu launin fari, lemu da shuɗi mai launin cobalt a kan fararen bango (1965–70). A farkon shekarun 1980, ta koyar a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Jutland har sai da ta fara fama da rashin lafiya. 

Engqvist ta yi baje kolin kayan tarihi a Denmark da kuma ƙasashen waje. An gudanar da wani baje kolin tunawa da ita a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Aarhus a shekarar 1990. 

Lisa Engqvist ta mutu a Lyngby a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 1989. 

## Manazarta
Elise Konstantin-Hansen

**Elise Konstantin-Hansen** (1858–1946) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce kuma mai yin yumbu 'yar ƙasar Denmark. Ta ƙirƙiro salonta na halitta, sau da yawa tana zana tsuntsayen teku, dabbobi, shuke-shuke da wuraren rairayin bakin teku.  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi

An haifi Konstantin-Hansen a gundumar Frederiksberg ta Copenhagen a ranar 4 ga Mayu, 1858. Ita 'yar mai zane Carl Christian Constantin Hansen ce da matarsa Magdelene Barbara Købke. Ta canza rubutun sunanta zuwa Konstantin-Hansen a shekarar 1908. 

Ta girma a cikin yanayi na fasaha. Da yawa daga cikin 'yan uwanta takwas suna da hazaka ta fasaha, musamman 'yar uwarta Kristiane wacce ta zama mai dinki. Konstantin-Hansen da kanta ta fara dinki tun tana ƙarama, sau da yawa tana ƙirƙirar zane-zanenta. Daga baya, bayan mutuwar mahaifinta a 1880, ta zama mataimakiyar Thorvald Bindesbøll . 

Baya ga yadda mahaifinta ya gabatar da ita ga zane, ta halarci makarantar zane ta Vilhelm Kyhn  kuma Christen Dalsgaard da Laurits Tuxen sun koyar da ita kafin ta yi karatu a Paris a shekarar 1886. 

## Salon fasaha

A farkon shekarun 1880, ta yi aikin dinki, inda ta rungumi tsarin Pompean wanda Thorvald Bindesbøll ya fi so. Ta ci gaba da aiki da kayan yumbu a wurin bitar Utterslev tare da Bindesbøll da 'yan'uwan Skovgaard inda ta haɓaka salon 'yanci da na sirri. Da yake fasahar Japan ta yi tasiri sosai, ta ƙirƙiri hanyar ado ga tsuntsayen teku, dabbobi, shuke-shuke da wuraren rairayin bakin teku da take yawan zana. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ta ƙirƙira na yumbu suna cikin ayyukanta mafi shahara, musamman faranti da ke nuna kifin tauraro, wani abin sha mai ɗauke da kawa, da kuma kwano na musamman tare da ungulu. [1]

Konstantin-Hansen ta zana babban aikinta na ƙarshe a shekarar 1930, *Svaneflok i våge*, wanda ke nuna ƙungiyar swans kusa da Kolding Fjord . 

## Nunin Nunin

Daga shekarar 1882, Konstantin-Hansen ta nuna zane-zanenta a Charlottenborg inda a shekarar 1885 ta lashe kyautar Neuhausen saboda *Drenge udenfor en Grønthandel* (Yaro a wajen mai sayar da kayan lambu). A shekarar 1893, ta fara baje kolin a Den Frie Udstilling inda ta ci gaba da nuna ayyukanta har zuwa 1928. An kuma nuna ayyukanta a ƙasashen waje, a Paris (1889), da Berlin (1910–11). Konstantin-Hansen ta nuna ayyukanta a Fadar Fasaha ta Fine a bikin baje kolin Columbian na Duniya na 1893 da ke Chicago, Illinois.  A shekarar 1917, ta kuma nuna a bikin baje kolin Danish Art Trade (Dansk Kunsthandel) da kuma bikin baje kolin mata na 1920 (Kvindelige kunstneres retrospektive udstilling).  Kwanan nan, an nuna misalan ayyukanta a shekarar 2013 a Kolding Kunstforening. 

## Zane-zane da aka zaɓa

Fayil:Elise_Konstantin-Hansen_-_Hønsene_på_morgenudflugt.jpg| *Hønsene på morgenudflugt* (1898)
Fayil:Elise_Konstantin-Hansen_-_Ågård_c._1915.jpg|alt=Ågård (ca. 1915)| *Ågård* (kimanin 1915)


## Ayyukan rubutu

* *Minder da Oplevelser* (1929)
* *Babban Shafi » News »* (1935)
* *Samliv med dansk Kunst* (1937)
* *Erindringsbillede na Constantin Hansen* (1936)

## Manazarta