Antònia Fontanillas

**Antònia Margarita Aurora Fontanillas Borràs** (29 ga Mayu 1917 - 23 ga Satumba 2014) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na Catalan, 'yar jarida kuma masanin tarihi . Ta fito daga dangin masu ra'ayin gurguzu, ta shiga ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin gurguzu tun tana ƙarama, tana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar zane-zane ta Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Ƙasa (CNT) da kuma Matasan 'Yancin Kai . Ta yi aiki a *Solidaridad Obrera* a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Spain kuma ta rarraba takardar a ɓoye bayan faduwar Barcelona, kafin ta gudu zuwa gudun hijira a Faransa. Ta ci gaba da aiki a cikin ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin gurguzu da aka kora, kuma bayan sauyin Spain zuwa dimokuraɗiyya, ta shiga Babban Ƙungiyar Kwadago (CGT) kuma ta rubuta ayyuka da dama game da tarihin rashin da'awar ƙabilanci ta Spain.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Antònia Fontanillas Borràs a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 1917, a Barcelona .  Iyalan 'yan gurguzu na Catalan sun taso da ita, [ 2 ] jikanyar Martí Borràs da Francisca Saperas . Lokacin da take da shekaru takwas, iyalanta sun yi ƙaura zuwa Mexico, inda ta sami ilimi kuma ta tsunduma cikin adabin 'yanci. Bayan an kori mahaifinta daga ƙasar, iyalan sun koma Catalonia a shekarar 1933. [ 3 ]

Bayan dawowarta, ta sami aiki a matsayin mai rubuta lithographer, [ 4 ] kuma ta haɗa kanta da Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Ƙasa (CNT), ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta anarchist. [ 5 ] Daga baya ta zama wakiliyar sashen zane-zanenta. [ 6 ] Ta kuma zama memba mai himma a Ƙungiyar Matasan 'Yancin Kai ta Iberian (FIJL), sabuwar ƙungiyar matasa ta ƙungiyar anarchist ta Spain. [ 7 ] Federico Ruﬃnelli, sakataren farfagandar ƙungiyar, ya ƙarfafa ta ta ɗauki nauyin a cikin ƙungiyar. 

Bayan barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a shekarar 1936, Fontanillas ta yi ƙoƙarin shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin 'yan tawaye na confederal da kuma shiga cikin shirin saukar jiragen Mallorca . [ 9 ] Ita da abokanta biyu sun shawo kan Juan Yagüe, shugaban Ja da Baƙi, ya ba su damar shiga cikin rukunin don shirin tafiyar. [1] Abokanta sun shiga cikin wannan balaguron, wanda a ƙarshe bai yi nasara ba a burinsa na kama tsibirin; Fontanillas da kanta ta shawo kanta ta zauna a baya ta hannun mahaifinta. [1] Madadin haka, ta je aiki a matsayin shugaba a ofisoshin jaridar Solidaridad Obrera, [ 12 ] inda ta fara aikinta a matsayin marubuci. [1] Da take lura da juyin juya halin Spain da ke gudana, Fontanillas ta ba da rahoton cewa "shingayen yarjejeniya" sun lalace kuma "ɗaya ya hura wani yanayi daban, ya fi na halitta, ya fi ɗan adam". [1] Daga baya a cikin yaƙin, FIJL ta hana Fontanillas shiga Mujeres Libres, wata ƙungiyar mata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, wanda hakan ya ba ta "ra'ayin ƙarya" cewa ƙungiya ce ta tsofaffi mata. [1]

Bayan faduwar Barcelona ga hannun ' yan Nationalists a shekarar 1939, Fontanillas ta ci gaba da zama a birnin, tana ci gaba da kasancewa mai himma a cikin ƙungiyar 'yan adawa ta ƙasa. [ 12 ] A shekarar 1945, ta buga aƙalla mujallu goma sha huɗu na *Solidaridad Obrera* kuma ta rarraba su a ɓoye a cikin birnin.  Daga 1946 zuwa 1948, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai haɗin gwiwa tsakanin fursunonin 'yan adawa da lauyoyinsu. A shekarar 1953, ita da abokin aikinta Abel Paz suka gudu ta kan iyaka, [ 3 ] suka tafi gudun hijira a Faransa. [ 16 ] Sun zauna a Clermont, inda suka haɗu da ƙungiyar 'yan adawa ta Spain da aka kora, suka haɗa kai da *maquis* suka kuma gyara *Bulletin* of the Libertarian Youth. A shekarar 1958, Fontanillas ta rabu da Paz suka ƙaura tare da ɗansu zuwa Dreux . [ 3 ] A can ta shiga ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo, ta yi aiki tare da reshen CNT na gida kuma ta buga jaridar *Frente Libertario* .  Ta kuma fara dangantaka da Antonio Cañete Rodríguez, wanda ta zauna tare da shi tun daga shekarar 1960 har zuwa lokacin da ya mutu a shekarar 1979. [ 3 ]

Bayan sauyin da Spain ta samu zuwa dimokuradiyya, ta halarci tarurruka da dama na CNT, kafin ta shiga Babban Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata (CGT) da ta balle a shekarar 1983. Duk da haka ta damu da sulhu tsakanin ƙungiyoyin da suka balle na ƙungiyar 'yan anarchist, tana mai sukar ƙungiyarta. [ 3 ] Ta shafe sauran rayuwarta tana adana tarihin tarihin zamaninta na rashin zaman lafiya na Spain.  Ta halarci tarurruka da dama na al'adu da adabi, ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Bincike ta Duniya kan Anarchism (CIRA) kuma ta rubuta littattafai da dama a ƙarƙashin sunayen laƙabi daban-daban.  Daga cikinsu, ta rubuta tarihin rayuwa game da Lucía Sánchez Saornil, wanda ya kafa Mujeres Libres.  Fontanillas ta mutu a ranar 23 ga Satumba, 2014, a Dreux. 

## Gado
An tattara takardun Fontanillas a Cibiyar Tarihin Zamantakewa ta Duniya .  Masanin tarihi Danny Evans ya sadaukar da littafinsa game da juyin juya halin Sipaniya ga Fontanillas, yana mai cewa jajircewarta na adana tarihin tunawa da wannan lokacin abin wahayi ne a gare shi.  Elena Duque ta sanya ta a cikin tarihin rayuwar mata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, tare da Sara Berenguer, Pepita Carpena,  da Conxa Pérez, waɗanda duk suna da irin wannan gogewa da labaran rayuwa.  José Luis Gutiérrez Molina ta ce tarihin rayuwarta "ya ƙunshi tarihin rashin tsari a Spain". 

## Zaɓaɓɓun ayyuka

* *De lo aprendido y viido* (Dreux, 1996)
* *Vidas cortas pero llenas. 80 aniversario de la fundación de la FIJL* (Badalona, 2012)
* *Lucía Sánchez Saornil: Poeta, periodista y fundadora de Mujers Libres* (Madrid, 2014)

## Manazarta