Maria Quitéria

**Maria Quitéria de Jesus** (27 ga Yuli 1792 - 21 ga Agusta 1853) soja ce kuma jarumar ƙasa ta Brazil. Ta yi aiki a Yaƙin 'Yancin Kan Brazil a 1822-24 sanye da kayan namiji. An ɗaukaka ta zuwa kadet da laftanar sannan daga baya aka yi mata ado da Imperial Order of the Cross. An kira Quitéria " Joan na Brazilian Arc ",  kuma ta zama fitacciyar jaruma a Brazil. Quitéria ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a rundunar soja a ƙasar.  An san ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata uku da suka yi yaƙi da Portugal tare da Maria Filipa de Oliveira (ta mutu 1873) da Sister Joana Angélica (1761-1822).  

Ba tare da son ran mahaifinta ba, Maria Quitéria mara aure ta shiga cikin rundunar Parakeet Battalion, sashin rundunar sojojin Brazil, a matsayin namiji, a watan Oktoban 1822. Har zuwa watan Yunin 1823, ta yi yaƙe-yaƙe da dama da 'yan Portugal a Bahia, inda take zaune. Mahaifin Maria Quitéria ya kore ta a matsayin mace bayan ya gano cin amanarta - amma saboda ƙwarewarta a yaƙi, an bar ta ta ci gaba da yaƙi. An ɗaukaka ta zuwa kadet a watan Yulin 1823, sannan aka mayar da ita laftanar a watan Agusta, inda Sarki ya karɓe ta kuma ya yi mata ado. 

Ba a san cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwarta ba. Masanin tarihi Aristides Augusto Milton, abokin mawaƙi Castro Alves tun yana yara, wanda shi ma jikan babban mayakin ne wanda ya kare Maria Quitéria saboda ƙwarewarta da makamai da kuma sanin dabarun soja, kuma ya haɗa ta da rundunarsa, ya ɗauki Maria Quitéria a matsayin "mace mai ƙarfin hali kamar mai gaskiya" a cikin littafinsa na *Efemérides Cachoeiranas* . Matafiyi kuma marubuciya 'yar Ingila Maria Graham (daga baya Lady Callcott) ta ambaci ta a taƙaice a cikin littafinta *na Journal of a Voyage to Brazil* : "Maria de Jesus ba ta da ilimi, amma tana da rai. Tana da hankali da fahimta mai zurfi. Ina tsammanin idan suka ilmantar da ita, za ta zama mutum mai daraja. Mutum ba ya lura da komai na namiji a cikin halayenta, maimakon haka tana da ladabi da fara'a." 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
An haifi Maria Quitéria de Jesus a ranar 27 ga Yuni, 1792, a Licurizeiro, a cikin cocin São José das Itaporocas (wanda yanzu yake a Feira de Santana ), Bahia . Ita ce babbar 'yar wani manomi, Gonçalo Alves de Almeida, da matarsa, Quitéria Maria de Jesus, wacce ta mutu lokacin da ƙaramar Maria Quitéria take da shekaru 10 kacal.  Mahaifinta zai sake yin aure sau biyu,  sau ɗaya tare da Eugenia Maria dos Santos, daga baya kuma ya auri Rosa Maria de Brito.   Duk da cewa Maria ba ta sami ilimin boko ba, da ta yi amfani da dabarun da ake buƙata don noma, kamar hawa doki, farauta, da amfani da bindigogi—waɗannan ƙwarewar za su yi mata hidima a aikin soja. 

Bayan ta yi aiki a yaƙin, Quitéria ta auri Gabriel Pereira Brito (wanda tsohon masoyinta ne) kuma ta haifi 'ya mace ɗaya tare da shi, mai suna Luisa.  Kusan ƙarshen rayuwarta, Maria Quitéria, wacce mijinta ya mutu, kusan makauniya ce, kuma a shekara ta 1853 ta mutu a cikin duhu da talauci kusa da Salvador . An ajiye gawarta a cikin akwatin gawar Cocin Saint Anne ( Portuguese   ), a unguwar Nazaré a Salvador.   Sai bayan shekaru da yawa ne aka sake farfado da gadonta.

## Gado
Bayan rasuwarta, an yi bikin tunawa da Maria Quitéria a duk faɗin ƙasar ta hanyoyi da dama. A shekarar 1953, shekaru ɗari bayan mutuwarta, sojoji sun ba da lambar yabo ta tagulla ta hanyar kamannin Maria Quitéria. Ana kiranta "Lambar yabo ta Maria Quitéria" kuma an ba ta ga fararen hula da ma'aikatan soja saboda gudummawar da suka bayar ga ƙoƙarin soja. Ta hanyar umarnin shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 1996, an naɗa Maria Quitéria a matsayin Majiɓincin Jami'an Rundunar Sojojin Brazil . [1]

Fitaccen zanen Maria Quitéria aiki ne na mai zanen Italiya Domenico Failutti daga 1920 mai taken *Hoton Maria Quitéria de Jesus Medeiros* ( Portuguese   ) An nuna ta a tsaye ita kaɗai, tana riƙe da bindiga kuma tana sanye da kayan aikin wani laftanar ɗan ƙasar Brazil. Ana iya samun aikin a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Paulista da ke Jami'ar São Paulo . 

## Hotunan Hotuna

Fayil:Domenico_Failutti_-_Retrato_de_Maria_Quitéria_de_Jesus_Medeiros,_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP.jpg|alt=Domenico Failutti, Portrait of Maria Quitéria de Jesus Medeiros, 1920| Domenico Failutti, *Hoton Maria Quitéria de Jesus Medeiros*, 1920
Fayil:Augustus_Earle_-_Dona_Maria_de_Jesus.jpg| Augustus Earle, *Dona Maria de Jesus*, 1830
Fayil:A_Brazillian_Amazon,_da_Coleção_Brasiliana_Iconográfica.jpg|alt=A Brazilian Amazon..., drawing by Sir Henry Chamberlain, 2nd Baronet, 1823| *Wani zane na Amazon na Brazil...*, wanda Sir Henry Chamberlain, Baronet na 2, 1823
Fayil:Stamp_of_Brazil_-_1953_-_Colnect_264435_-_Maria_Quiteria_de_Jesus_1792-1853_freedom_fighter.jpeg|alt=A 1953 Brazilian stamp depicting Quitéria| Tambarin Brazilian ta 1953 yana nuna Quitéria
Fayil:Monumento_a_Maria_Quitéria._Foto_Tereza_Torres_(9357269939).jpg|alt=Statue of Maria Quiteria in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil| Hoton Maria Quiteria a Salvador, Bahia, Brazil


## Manazarta