Graciela Fernández Meijide

**Rosa Graciela Castagnola de Fernández Meijide** (an haife ta a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 1931), wacce aka fi sani da **Graciela Fernández Meijide**, malamar Argentina ce, mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam kuma 'yar siyasa. Ta shahara ta hanyar binciken bacewar dubban mutane a lokacin Yaƙin Dirty . Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiya, sanata, da kuma ministar gwamnati a jam'iyyar FrePaSo .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Graciela Castagnola a cikin 1931 a Avellaneda kudu da Buenos Aires,  inda ta sadu da mijinta, Enrique Fernández Meijide, tana ƙarami. Sun haifi 'ya mace da 'ya'ya maza biyu. Ta yi karatu a Instituto de Enseñanza Superior en Lenguas Vivas Juan Ramón Fernández [ es ] a Retiro, Buenos Aires, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin malamin harshen Faransanci .  

A ranar 23 ga Oktoba 1976, hukumomi sun kama ɗan Fernández Meijide mai shekaru 16, Pablo, a wani samame da suka kai da daddare a gidan iyalinsa,  tare da budurwarsa, María Zimmermann, a cikin abin da ya zama kamar kuskuren asali (tsohon saurayin yarinyar ɗalibi ne mai fafutuka wanda kuma ake kira Pablo). An gaya wa iyayensa cewa za a iya ɗauke shi daga Ofishin 'Yan Sanda da safe,  amma iyalansu ba su sake ganin Pablo ko budurwarsa ba.

Fernández Meijide ta yi fafutukar kare haƙƙin iyalan waɗanda suka ɓace a lokacin Yaƙin Datti na shekarun 1970. Ta shiga Majalisar Dindindin kan Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam kuma ta yi gudun hijira a Montreal, Kanada, a shekarar 1978.  

A lokacin da dimokuradiyya ta dawo a shekarar 1983, an naɗa ta a matsayin shugabar sashen kula da harkokin kuɗi na Hukumar Ƙasa kan Bacewar Mutane (CONADEP).    

### Aikin siyasa
Duk da cewa jam'iyyu da dama sun nemi Fernández Meijide bayan ta yi fice a aikinta, sai da ta fara aikin siyasa, bayan ta ga an zartar da dokar 'Unforgiving Laws' mai cike da ce-ce-ku - ce ( *Ley de Obediencia Debida* da *Ley de Punto Final* ) wadda ta kawo karshen gurfanar da wadanda ke da alhakin take hakkin dan adam a lokacin mulkin kama-karyar National Reorganization Process ( &#x2013; ). Ta tsaya takarar neman kujerar 'yan majalisar wakilai ta Argentina a shekarar 1991 a takarar Broad Front ta tsakiya da hagu, duk da cewa ba ta samu nasara ba. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

An fara zaɓen Fernández Meijide a Majalisar Dokoki ta Argentina a shekarar 1993 a matsayin Mataimakiyar [[Buenos Aires|Birnin Buenos Aires]] bisa sabon tikitin FrePaSo ( Front for a Country in Solidarity ). An zaɓe ta a Majalisar Dattawan Argentina a shekarar 1995 don birnin,  ta sami mafi yawan ƙuri'u ga mace a Argentina.  A wannan lokacin shaharar FrePaSo da kuma nata sun ƙaru.

A shekarar 1997, ta yi murabus daga kujerarta a Majalisar Dattawa kuma aka sake zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiya &#x2013; yanzu haka tana wakiltar Lardin Buenos Aires &#x2013; a wani gagarumin nasara da ta samu kan Chiche Duhalde, [[Justicialist Party|mai ra'ayin adalci]], wanda hakan ya ƙara mata suna sosai.  FrePaSo ta shiga ƙungiyar Radical Civic Union (UCR) da wasu jam'iyyu da dama na larduna don ƙirƙirar ''Alianza'' da ke adawa da [[Shugaban Ƙasar Argentina|Shugaba]] Carlos Menem, kuma ta jagoranci jerin jam'iyyun Alianza zuwa ga rinjaye a Majalisar Wakilai a zaɓen tsakiyar wa'adi na 1997 . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

Kafin zaɓen 1999, Fernández Meijide ta tsaya takarar shugaban ƙasa a zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar UCR, inda ta sha kaye a hannun Sanata Fernando de la Rúa na jam'iyyar UCR,    duk da cewa ita ce ta fi samun nasara a zaɓen da aka gudanar.  Daga nan ta ƙi zama abokin takarar de la Rúa a zaɓen.  Madadin haka, ta sanar da takararta ta Gwamnan Lardin Buenos Aires ;  ta sha kaye a hannun ɗan takarar Jam'iyyar Justiceist Carlos Ruckauf da maki 7. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

A gefe guda kuma, an zaɓe ta a matsayin Shugaba, kuma ya naɗa Fernández Meijide a majalisar ministocinsa a matsayin Ministan Ci Gaban Jama'a da Muhalli. [1] Ta kasa aiwatar da shirye-shiryenta na zamantakewa da yawa, duk da haka, saboda rashin kuɗi, kuma shahararta ta ragu yayin da rashin haƙurin jama'a ya ƙaru. A cikin wani garambawul da aka yi wa majalisar ministoci a shekarar 2001 wanda rikicin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa ya haifar, shugaban ya naɗa ta mataimakiyar shugaban majalisar ministoci; [2] duk da haka ta yi murabus bayan 'yan kwanaki tana zanga-zangar adawa da manufofin tattalin arziki na gwamnati. [ ana buƙatar ambato ]

Daga baya gwamnatin De la Rúa da ''Alianza'' suka ruguje a shekara ta 2001, bayan haka UCR da FrePaSo suka goyi bayan shugabancin Eduardo Duhalde da majalisar dokoki ta naɗa don magance matsalar tattalin arzikin ƙasar. Daga baya Fernández Meijide ya yi ritaya daga harkokin siyasa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

A cikin 2009, Fernández Meijide ta rubuta *La historia íntima de los Derechos Humanos en la Argentina* (Intimate History of Human Rights in Argentina), wanda a ciki ta ba da labarin abubuwan da ta samu a cikin gwagwarmayar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a lokacin da bayan mulkin kama-karya.

A cikin 2020, Graciela Fernández Meijide ta sami digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Siglo 21 .  A cikin Yuni 2023, Jami'ar Buenos Aires (UBA) ta ba ta wani Doctor Honoris Causa. 

## Manazarta