H. A. R. Gibb

**Sir Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb** FBA (2 Janairu 1895 - 22 Oktoba 1971), wanda aka fi sani da **H.&nbsp;A.&nbsp;R. Gibb**,  masanin tarihi ne kuma masanin Gabas ta Scotland. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Gibb a ranar Laraba, 2 ga Janairu, 1895, a Alexandria, Masar, ga Alexander Crawford Gibb, ɗan John Gibb na Gladstone, Renfrewshire, Scotland, da Jane Ann Gardner na Greenock, Scotland. Mahaifinsa ya rasu a shekara ta 1897, daga nan mahaifiyarsa ta fara aikin koyarwa a Alexandria. Hamilton ya koma Scotland don karatunsa na yau da kullun yana da shekaru biyar: na farko, shekaru huɗu na karatun sirri, bayan haka ya fara a Royal High School, Edinburgh a shekara ta 1904, ya zauna har zuwa 1912. Iliminsa ya mayar da hankali kan ilimin gargajiya, kodayake ya haɗa da Faransanci, Jamusanci, da kimiyyar jiki . A shekara ta 1912, Hamilton ya yi rajista a Jami'ar Edinburgh, yana shiga cikin sabon shirin girmamawa a harsunan Semitic ( Ibrananci, Larabci, da Aramaic ). Mahaifiyar Hamilton ta mutu a shekara ta 1913 yayin da yake karatu a shekara ta biyu a jami'a. Yana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu, Euston Gibb da Archibald Gibb. (ilimin iyali)

## Aikin soja
A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Gibb ya daina karatunsa a Jami'ar Edinburgh don yin aiki a Royal Artillery of the United Kingdom a Faransa daga watan Fabrairun 1917, sannan ya yi watanni da dama a Italiya a matsayin jami'in da aka naɗa . An naɗa shi aiki yana da shekaru 19.

An ba shi digiri na farko na Master of Arts (MA) a fannin "gata na yaƙi" saboda aikinsa har zuwa lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na 11 ga Nuwamba, 1918 .

## Aikin ilimi
Bayan yaƙin, Gibb ya yi karatun Larabci a SOAS, Jami'ar Landan, inda ya sami digirin digirgir na MA a shekarar 1922.  Rubutunsa na MA, wanda ƙungiyar Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland ta buga daga baya a matsayin littafi, ya kasance kan mamayar Musulmi a Transoxiana .

Daga 1921 zuwa 1937 Gibb ya koyar da adabin Larabci a Makarantar Nazarin Gabas ta wancan lokacin, karkashin jagorancin Farfesa Thomas Arnold, inda ya zama farfesa a can a 1930.  A wannan lokacin shi ne editan *Encyclopaedia of Islam* .  Daga cikin ɗalibansa akwai Bafarawa ɗan Birtaniya kuma mai karatu a Larabci, James Heyworth-Dunne .  A 1937 Gibb ya maye gurbin David Samuel Margoliouth a matsayin Farfesa Laudian na Larabci tare da Fellowship a Kwalejin St John, Oxford, inda ya zauna tsawon shekaru goma sha takwas. 

A shekarar 1955, Gibb ya zama Farfesa James Richard Jewett na Larabci da kuma Farfesa a Jami'a a Jami'ar Harvard .   Ya zama darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Gabas ta Tsakiya a shekarar 1957, kuma ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1963. 

HAR Gibb yana ɗaya daga cikin amintattun EJW Gibb Memorial, wata ƙungiya wadda tun daga shekarar 1905 ta buga jerin Gibb Memorial Series .

## Bincike
Gibb ya yi aiki a fannoni uku, adabin Larabci da harshe, tarihin Musulunci da cibiyoyi, da kuma Musulunci. Bayan *Yaƙin Larabawa a Tsakiyar Asiya,* babban aikinsa na farko shine *Adabin Larabci - Gabatarwa* (1926). Mafi mahimmancin aikinsa akan Musulunci shine *Modern Trends in Islam* (1947) da kuma *Muhammadanism: An Historical Survey* (1949), wanda daga baya aka sake buga shi a matsayin *Musulunci: An Historical Survey* . Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukansa na baya-bayan nan shine *Nazarin Wayewar Musulunci* (1962),

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Haka kuma a shekarar 1922 Gibb ya auri Helen Jessie Stark. Sun haifi ɗa ɗaya, Ian (1923–2005), da kuma 'ya mace ɗaya, Dorothy (1926–2006, yanzu Dorothy Greenslade). 

Gibb ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 1971.

## Ƙungiyoyi

* Ɗan ƙungiyar British Academy, Danish Academy, American Philosophical Society
* Babban ɗalibi na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka, Kwalejin Medieval ta Amurka
* Memba na Kwalejin Harshen Larabci a Alkahira, Institut d'Egypt (Mai Taimako), Kwalejin Larabawa ta Damascus (Mai Girmamawa), Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Iraki

## Littattafan tarihi

* *Nasarar Larabawa a Tsakiyar Asiya* (1923), Ƙungiyar Sarauta ta Asiya.
* *Adabin Larabci - Gabatarwa* (Oxford University Press, H. Milford, 1926; sabon bugu, Clarendon Press, 1963; bugu na Oxford Paperbacks, Oxford University Press, 1974).
* *[[Ibn Battuta|Ibn Batuta]], 1304–1377* , trans. kuma Gibb, Hamilton Alexander Roskeen ya zaɓa (London: Routledge, 1929), ( Arabic   ).
* ''Tafiya a Asiya da Afirka, 1325–1354'' (1929), an fassara kuma an zaɓa tare da gabatarwa da bayanin kula, RM McBride. 
* ''Bayani daga Farfesa HAR Gibb'' (1939), daga Arnold J. Toynbee, *Nazarin Tarihi*, Sashe na I. *C* I ( *b* ) *Annex I*, shafi na&nbsp;400-02.
* *Yanayin Zamani a Musulunci* (1947).
* ** (1949) ya sake sanya wa suna *Musulunci: Binciken Tarihi* (1980), Oxford.

## Manazarta