Ayyukan Wagner a Afirka

**Ayyukan Wagner a afrika** Ƙungiyar Wagner dai, ƙungiya ce ta ƙasar Rasha ƙungiyar ma'aikatan jinya, wanda kuma aka bayyana a matsayin wani kamfani na soja mai zaman kansa (PMC) kuma a matsayin hanyar sadarwar 'yan haya.Tun daga 2017 ta ba da tallafin soji, tsaro da kariya ga gwamnatoci da dama a Afirka.Hakazalika, an baiwa kamfanoni masu alaka da Rasha da Wagner damar samun dama ga albarkatun kasa kamar hako zinare da lu'u-lu'u, yayin da aka baiwa sojojin Rasha damar samun wasu muhimman wurare kamar tashoshin jiragen sama da tashoshin jiragen ruwa.A game da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Bohumil Doboš na Cibiyar Nazarin Siyasa a Prague ya kwatanta aikin Wagner a wannan ƙasa a matsayin wani sabon tsarin mulkin mallaka da sabon tsarin mulkin mallaka. Ana zargin kungiyar da take hakkin bil'adama da kuma kashe fararen hula.

Kungiyar Wagner ta yi aiki a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Sudan, Libya, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger da Mozambique, da sauran kasashen Afirka. A cikin 2024, ƙungiyar Wagner a Afirka ta kasance cikin sabuwar Afirka da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Rasha kai tsaye.

**Sudan**

A cikin wata hira da The Insider a watan Disamba 2017, tsohon sojan Rasha Igor Strelkov ya ce Wagner PMCs suna nan a Sudan ta Kudu da kuma yiwu Libya. Kwanaki da yawa kafin a buga hirar, Strelkov ya ce ana shirin tura wagner PMCs daga Syria zuwa Sudan ko Sudan ta Kudu bayan da shugaban Sudan Omar al-Bashir, ya shaidawa shugaba Putin na Rasha cewa kasarsa na bukatar kariya daga muggan ayyukan Amurka. ". An shafe shekaru ana rikici tsakanin gida biyu a Sudan (a yankin Darfur da jihohin Kudancin Kordofan da Blue Nile), yayin da ake fama da yakin basasa a Sudan ta Kudu tun shekara ta 2013. Shugaban wani kamfani mai zaman kansa na Rasha RSB. -Kungiyar ta ce ya ji PMC sun riga sun yi tafiya zuwa Sudan kuma sun dawo da wani nau'in zazzabin cizon sauro. An tura PMC da dama daga rukunin RSB zuwa Libya a farkon shekarar 2017, zuwa wani masana'antu da ke kusa da birnin Benghazi, a wani yanki da ke hannun dakarun da ke biyayya ga Field Marshal Khalifa Haftar, don tallafawa ayyukan tada bam. Sun tafi ne a watan Fabrairu bayan kammala aikinsu.Rukunin RSB ya kasance a Libiya bisa buƙatar Kamfanin Siminti na Libya (LCC).

A tsakiyar Disamba 2017, wani bidiyo ya fito yana nuna Wagner PMCs yana horar da mambobin sojojin Sudan, don haka ya tabbatar da kasancewar Wagner a Sudan ba Sudan ta Kudu ba. An tura PMCs zuwa Sudan don tallafa mata ta hanyar soji kan Sudan ta Kudu da kuma kare zinari, uranium da lu'u-lu'u, a cewar Sergey Sukhankin, wani masani a cibiyar ICPS da Jamestown Foundation. Sukhankin ya bayyana cewa kariyar ma'adinan ita ce "mafi mahimmancin kayayyaki" kuma an aika da PMC zuwa "guduma fitar da yanayi masu fa'ida ga kamfanonin Rasha". An ba da rahoton cewa, PMCs a Sudan sun kai 300 kuma suna aiki a ƙarƙashin "M Invest", kamfani mai alaƙa da Yevgeny Prigozhin.M Invest" ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Rasha don yin amfani da jiragen sama na jigilar jiragen sama na 223 na Rundunar Sojan Sama na Rasha da kuma tsakanin Afrilu 2018 da Fabrairu 2019, jiragen biyu na 223rd sun yi akalla jiragen sama tara zuwa babban birnin Sudan. birnin Khartoum. 'Yan kwangilar Wagner a Sudan sun haɗa da tsoffin 'yan ƙasar Ukrain da aka ɗauka a Crimea, a cewar SBU.[17] A cikin 2018, an aika da PMC 500 zuwa yankin Darfur na Sudan don horar da sojoji.

A karshen watan Janairun 2019, bayan zanga-zangar da aka yi a Sudan a tsakiyar watan Disambar 2018, jaridun Birtaniya sun yi zargin cewa PMC na taimakawa hukumomin Sudan wajen murkushe masu zanga-zangar. A kwanakin farko na zanga-zangar, masu zanga-zangar da 'yan jarida sun ba da rahoton cewa gungun 'yan kasashen waje sun taru a kusa da manyan wuraren da ake gudanar da zanga-zangar. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Rasha ta musanta hakan,[19][20] ko da yake ta tabbatar da cewa 'yan kwangila sun kasance a Sudan don horar da sojojin Sudan.[21] SBU ta bayyana sunayen PMC guda 149 da ta ce sun taka rawa wajen dakile zanga-zangar, da kuma biyu da aka ce an kashe a rikicin.[23] An kashe mutane tsakanin 30 zuwa 40 a lokacin zanga-zangar, ciki har da jami'an tsaro biyu. An tsare masu zanga-zangar sama da 800.[25] A halin da ake ciki, Faransa ta zargi PMCs da samun "karfi, mai aiki" a kan kafofin watsa labarun da kuma cewa suna matsawa "lalata mai karfi na Faransanci" a cikin CAR.[26]. Bayan hambarar da gwamnatin Omar al-Bashir a wani juyin mulki da aka yi a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 2019, Rasha ta ci gaba da goyon bayan kwamitin rikon kwaryar soji da aka kafa don gudanar da mulkin Sudan, kamar yadda TMC ta amince da tabbatar da kwangilolin Rasha a bangaren tsaro, ma'adinai da makamashin Sudan. sassa. Wannan ya hada da horar da jami’an sojin Sudan da PMC suka yi.[27] Ayyukan kungiyar Wagner sun zama mafi cikas bayan hambarar da al-Bashir. Sun ci gaba da aiki mafi yawa tare da sojojin Sudan ta Rapid Support Forces (RSF).[18] An ce Wagner yana da alaƙa da Mataimakin Shugaban TMC kuma kwamandan RSF, Janar Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo.[28]

A cikin watan Mayun 2019, Rasha ta rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniyar soji da Sudan wadda, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, za ta saukaka shigar jiragen ruwan yakin Rasha zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Sudan.An rattaba hannu kan sabon daftarin yarjejeniya a watan Nuwamban 2020, wanda zai kai ga kafa cibiyar kula da harkokin jiragen ruwa na Rash-a da kuma filin gyara a gabar tekun Bahar Maliya ta Sudan za ta dauki nauyin mutane 300. Ana sa ran yarjejeniyar za ta tsaya har tsawon shekaru 25 sai dai in ko wanne bangare ya ki amincewa da sabunta ta. A cikin Afrilu 2020, kamfanin da ke da alaƙa da Wagner "Meroe Gold" an ba da rahoton yana shirin jigilar kayan kariya na sirri, magunguna, da sauran kayan aiki zuwa Sudan a cikin barkewar cutar sankara.Bayan watanni uku, Amurka ta sanya takunkumi ga kamfanin "M Invest", da kuma wani reshensa na Sudan "Meroe Gold" da wasu mutane biyu mabudin ayyukan Wagner a Sudan, saboda murkushe masu zanga-zanga da kuma tozarta su.

Bayan juyin mulkin Sudan na Oktoba-Nuwamba 2021, goyon bayan Rasha ga gwamnatin soji da aka kafa a Sudan ya zama mafi bayyane kuma dangantakar Rasha da Sudan, tare da ayyukan Wagner, ta ci gaba da fadada ko da bayan mamayar Rasha a Ukraine a 2022, wanda ya kai ga la'anci daga Amurka, Ingila da Norway.Ƙungiyar Wagner ta sami rangwamen haƙar ma'adinai masu fa'ida. Mai tazarar kilomita 16 (mil 10) daga garin Abidiya, a yankin arewa maso gabashin Sudan mai arzikin zinare, an kafa wata ma'adanin zinare da Rasha ke sarrafa wanda ake kyautata zaton wani shinge ne na kungiyar Wagner. Gabashin gabas, Wagner ya goyi bayan yunƙurin da Rasha ke yi na gina sansanin sojan ruwa a kan Tekun Maliya. Ta yi amfani da yankin Darfur na yammacin Sudan a matsayin matattarar ayyukanta a wasu kasashe makwabta, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Libya da wasu sassan kasar Chadi. Masana ilimin kasa na kamfanin "Meroe Gold" mai alaka da Wagner suma sun ziyarci Darfur domin tantance yuwuwar uranium.A tsakiyar Afrilu 2023, rikici ya barke a Sudan tsakanin Sojojin Sudan (SAF), masu biyayya ga Janar Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, da RSF, bayan Janar Dagalo. Bayan haka, wasu majiyoyin diflomasiyya na Sudan da na yanki sun yi iƙirarin cewa ƙungiyar Wagner ta ba da makamai masu linzami daga sama zuwa iska ga RSF a kan SAF.Prigozhin ya musanta cewa yana goyon bayan RSF, yana mai cewa, sama da shekaru biyu kamfanin ba ya da wani aiki a Sudan.Babban hafsan sojojin Sudan Abdel Fattah al-Burhan ya bayyana cewa, ya zuwa yanzu, babu wani tabbaci game da goyon bayan kungiyar Wagner ga kungiyar RSF.

**Madagascar**

Kungiyar yada labarai mai zaman kanta ta Project ta ruwaito cewa Wagner PMCs sun isa Madagascar ne a watan Afrilun 2018, domin gadin masu ba da shawara kan harkokin siyasa da Yevgeny Prigozhin ya dauka domin su raka yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa na shugaban kasa na lokacin Hery Rajaonarimampianina a zabe mai zuwa. Rajaonarimampianina ya yi rashin nasara a yunkurin sake tsayawa takara, inda ya zo na uku a zagaye na farko na zaben, ko da yake an ce mashawartan Prigozhin sun yi aiki tare da wasu 'yan takara da dama a watannin da suka gabace zaben. Kusa da ƙarshen yaƙin neman zaɓe, masu dabarun sun kuma taimaka wa wanda ya lashe zaɓe, Andry Rajoelina, wanda shi ma Amurka da China ke samun goyon baya. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan ƙarshe na gwamnatin Rajaonarimampianina an ce shine don sauƙaƙe wani kamfani na Rasha ya mallaki kamfanin chromite na kasa na Madagascar "Kraoma"[64] a watan Agusta 2018. A ranar 9 ga Agusta, 2018, darekta Arsène Rakotoarisoa ya kori bayan ya biya kudin fansa. miliyan 100 Ariary saboda sace ma'aikatan kamfanin 4. An ba da rahoton cewa Wagner PMCs suna gadin ma'adinan chrome tun daga Oktoba 2018.

Ko da yake, a matsayin shugaban kasar Hery Rajaonarimampianina, ya sha kaye a zaben shugaban kasa na Malagasy na 2018 a karshen wannan shekarar, kamfanin Ferrum Mining na kasar Rasha, wani kamfani mai jarin Rubles 10.000 (€100), bai shigar da kudade a cikin kamfanin ba.kuma ya bar ma’aikata ba a biya su ba. A cikin 2019 kawai ton 15000 na chromium kamfanin ya fitar da shi zuwa kasashen waje kuma tun daga lokacin aka dakatar da ayyukan kuma ba a biya albashi a karshen 2022.[69] Daga cikin masu ba da shawara ga 'yan takarar shugaban kasa daban-daban har da Konstantin Pikalov, wanda da farko aka nada shi a matsayin babban jami'in tsaron yakin neman zabe ga Fasto Mailhol na Cocin Madagascar na Apocalypse. Duk da haka, lokacin da aka bayyana cewa Andry Rajoelina ne ya fi so ya lashe zaben, an mayar da Pikalov ya zama mai tsaron lafiyar Rajoelina.

Ko da yake, a matsayin shugaban kasar Hery Rajaonarimampianina, ya sha kaye a zaben shugaban kasa na Malagasy na 2018 a karshen wannan shekarar, kamfanin Ferrum Mining na kasar Rasha, wani kamfani mai jarin Rubles 10.000 (€100), bai shigar da kudade a cikin kamfanin ba.kuma ya bar ma’aikata ba a biya su ba. A cikin 2019 kawai ton 15000 na chromium kamfanin ya fitar da shi zuwa kasashen wajekuma tun daga lokacin aka dakatar da ayyukan kuma ba a biya albashi a karshen 2022. Daga cikin masu ba da shawara ga 'yan takarar shugaban kasa daban-daban har da Konstantin Pikalov, wanda da farko aka nada shi a matsayin babban jami'in tsaron yakin neman zabe ga Fasto Mailhol na Cocin Madagascar na Apocalypse. Duk da haka, lokacin da aka bayyana cewa Andry Rajoelina ne ya fi so ya lashe zaben, an mayar da Pikalov ya zama mai tsaron lafiyar Rajoelina.

**Libya**

A tsakiyar watan Satumba na shekarar 2021, a cewar majiyoyin diflomasiyya da na tsaro, an kusa kammala kulla yarjejeniya da kungiyar Wagner ta yi aiki a Mali. A cewar majiyoyin da ke karo da juna, akalla PMC 1,000 ko kasa da haka ne za a tura kasar Mali, wadda ke fama da yakin basasa tun shekara ta 2012, kuma kungiyar Wagner za ta biya kusan CFA biliyan 6 a kowane wata domin horar da sojojin Mali da kuma ba da kariya. ga jami'an gwamnati. Faransa wadda a baya ta yi mulkin Mali a matsayin mulkin mallaka, tana yin wani yunkuri na diflomasiyya don hana aiwatar da yarjejeniyar. Tun daga karshen watan Mayun shekarar 2021, kasar Mali ke karkashin mulkin soja da ya hau kan karagar mulki bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi. A nasa martani, firaministan kasar Mali Choguel Kokalla Maïga, a jawabin da ya gabatar a zauren Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya bayyana chew, "Sabon halin da ake ciki da ya biyo bayan kawo karshen Operation Barkhane, ya sa kasar Mali a gaba a gaba - watsi da mu, a tsakiyar jirgin zuwa wani mataki - kuma yana kai mu ga gano hanyoyi da hanyoyin tabbatar da tsaron mu da kansa, ko tare da sauran abokan tarayya.

Burtaniya, Tarayyar Turai da Ivory Coast suma sun gargadi Mali da kada ta shiga yarjejeniya da kungiyar Wagner.Har ila yau, a ranar 30 ga Satumba, Mali ta sami jigilar jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu Mil Mi-17 guda hudu, da kuma makamai da alburusai, a wani bangare na kwangilar da aka kulla a watan Disamba na 2020. Ministan tsaron Mali ne ya karbi jigilar kayayyaki, wanda ya yaba wa Rasha a matsayin "mai karfi". Ƙasar abokantaka wacce a koyaushe Mali ta kasance tana da kyakkyawar haɗin gwiwa tare da ita. A karshen watan Disamba, Faransa ta buga wata sanarwa ta hadin gwiwa da kasashen Birtaniya, Jamus, Kanada da wasu gwamnatocin Turai 11 suka sanya wa hannu, cewa sun shaida yadda kungiyar Wagner ta tura Mali, tare da goyon bayan Rasha, kuma sun yi Allah wadai da matakin. Mali dai ta ki amincewa da tura sojojin, inda ta nemi hujja daga majiyoyi masu zaman kansu, amma ta yarda cewa "masu horar da Rasha" na cikin kasar a wani bangare na karfafa sojoji da jami'an tsaro, kuma "yana da hannu ne kawai a cikin kawance tsakanin jihohi da Tarayyar Rasha". , abokin tarayya na tarihi”. Majiyoyin gwamnatin Faransa sun ce zargin tura Wagner ya ta'allaka ne kan wasu abubuwan da suka hada da samar da wani sabon sansanin soji kusa da filin jirgin saman Bamako da kuma "hanyoyin jirage masu shakku".

A wata mai zuwa ne jami'an sojin Mali suka tabbatar da wasu mashawartan sojojin kasar Rasha 400 sun isa kasar kuma suna nan a sassa da dama na kasar ta Mali.Jami'ai da dama, ciki har da wani na Yamma, sun ce an jibge " sojojin haya" na Rasha a Mali, amma wata majiyar sojan Mali ta musanta hakan. Har yanzu, wani jami'i daga tsakiyar Mali, ya ce akwai masu ba da shawara na Rasha da PMC da ke was kuma ba duka 'yan kwangilar 'yan asalin Rasha ne ba. A cewar wani jami'in sojan Faransa, tsakanin 300 zuwa 400 PMC sun kasance a tsakiyar kasar, tare da masu horar da Rasha da ke ba da kayan aiki. Hotunan PMC sun fito a garin Ségou daga karshen watan Disamba na 2021, inda aka ba da rahoton tura 'yan kwangilar Wagner 200. An ruwaito cewa a farkon watan Janairun 2022, rikici a kudancin Mopti tsakanin 'yan kwangila da masu jihadi ya yi sanadin mutuwar PMC guda daya. A tsakiyar Janairu 2022, Wagner PMCs an tura su a wani tsohon sansanin sojojin Faransa a Timbuktu, a arewacin Mali.Daga baya, sojojin Amurka kuma sun tabbatar da kasancewar kungiyar Wagner a Mali.Ya zuwa farkon Afrilu 2022, wasu sojojin Mali 200 da jami'an 'yan sanda 9 suna samun horo a Rasha.

A wata mai zuwa ne jami'an sojin Mali suka tabbatar da wasu mashawartan sojojin kasar Rasha 400 sun isa kasar kuma suna nan a sassa da dama na kasar ta Mali.Jami'ai da dama, ciki har da wani na Yamma, sun ce an jibge " sojojin haya" na Rasha a Mali, amma wata majiyar sojan Mali ta musanta hakan. Har yanzu, wani jami'i daga tsakiyar Mali, ya ce akwai masu ba da shawara na Rasha da PMC da ke wurin kuma ba duka 'yan kwangilar 'yan asalin Rasha ne ba.A cewar wani jami'in sojan Faransa, tsakanin 300 zuwa 400 PMC sun kasance a tsakiyar kasar, tare da masu horar da Rasha da ke ba da kayan aiki. Hotunan PMC sun fito a garin Ségou daga karshen watan Disamba na 2021, inda aka ba da rahoton tura 'yan kwangilar Wagner 200. An ruwaito cewa a farkon watan Janairun 2022, rikici a kudancin Mopti tsakanin 'yan kwangila da masu jihadi ya yi sanadin mutuwar PMC guda daya. A tsakiyar Janairu 2022, Wagner PMCs an tura su a wani tsohon sansanin sojojin Faransa a Timbuktu, a arewacin Mali.Daga baya, sojojin Amurka kuma sun tabbatar da kasancewar kungiyar Wagner a Mali.Ya zuwa farkon Afrilu 2022, wasu sojojin Mali 200 da jami'an 'yan sanda 9 suna samun horo a Rasha.

A ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 2022, Human Rights Watch ta buga wani rahoto da ke zargin sojojin Mali da PMC na Rasha da kashe kusan fararen hula 300 tsakanin 27 zuwa 31 ga Maris, yayin wani farmakin soji a Moura, a yankin Mopti, wanda aka fi sani da matattarar mayakan Islama. A cewar rundunar sojin Mali, sama da ‘yan ta’adda 200 ne aka kashe a farmakin, wanda rahotanni suka ce sama da ‘yan kasar Rasha 100 ne aka kashe. A farkon farmakin a ranar 27 ga watan Maris, jirage masu saukar ungulu na sojojin Mali sun sauka a kusa da kasuwar garin, bayan da aka tura sojoji suka tunkari wasu gungun masu jihadi kusan 30, inda suka yi musu luguden wuta, inda suka kashe a kalla "fararen sojoji" biyu, a cewar Human. Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama.

A ranar 19 ga Afrilu 2022, na farko a hukumance ya tabbatar da mutuwar wani mai ba da shawara kan soji na Rasha, wanda aka ce shi dan Wagner ne, ya faru ne a lokacin da sojojin sintiri suka taka wani bam a gefen hanya kusa da garin Hombori.A ranar 22 ga Afrilun 2022, kwanaki uku bayan da sojojin Faransa suka mika sansanin sojin na Gossi ga sojojin Mali, Faransa ta yi ikirarin cewa wasu da ake zargin kungiyar PMC ta Wagner ce ta binne gawarwaki goma sha biyu a wani kabari mai nisan kilomita kadan daga gabashin sansanin jim kadan bayan janyewar. na zargin Faransa. Sojojin Faransa sun buga Hotunan bidiyo da ke nuna wasu sojojin farar fata 10 sun lullube gawarwakin da yashi, kwanaki biyu bayan wani “na’urar bincike ta lura da wasu mutane ’yan Caucasian guda goma sha biyu, mai yiwuwa na kungiyar Wagner ne” da kuma sojojin Mali da suka isa wurin da aka binne su domin sauke kayan aiki, a cewarsa. ga rahoton sojojin Faransa. A ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 2022, ƙungiyar masu jihadi ta JNIM mai alaka da Al-Qaeda ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta kama wasu membobin ƙungiyar Wagner a farkon wata a tsakiyar yankin Ségou.

A karshen watan Yunin 2022 ne aka fara zargin kungiyar Wagner cewa PMC na wawure garuruwa tare da kame mutanen yankin arewacin Tombouctou tare da sojojin Mali ba tare da nuna bambanci ba, lamarin da ya tilastawa farar hula tserewa zuwa Mauritania. An kuma ruwaito cewa an yi kashe-kashe. A ranar 24 ga watan Yuli, Amurka ta kakaba wa wasu jami'an Mali uku takunkumi saboda gudanar da ayyukan kungiyar Wagner a kasarsu  A ranar 16 ga watan Yunin 2023, gwamnatin Mali ta bukaci dakarun wanzar da zaman lafiya na MINUSMA su janye daga Mali ba tare da bata lokaci ba. A ranar 30 ga watan Yuni, kwamitin sulhu na MDD ya amince da bukatar korar sojojin kiyaye zaman lafiya. Bayan haka, a matsayin martani ga kin amincewa da gwamnatin Mali ta yi na aiwatar da yarjejeniyar Algiers da 'yan tawayen Abzinawa, manyan kungiyoyin da suka hada da Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA) - National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad, the Arab Movement Azawad, da babbar majalisar hadin kan Azawad - sun janye daga tattaunawar sulhu. Daga baya suka hade suka zama kungiya daya. A ranar 9 ga Satumba 2023, 'yan tawayen CMA sun harbo jirgin SU-25 daya tilo na sojojin saman Mali,  yayin da JNIM ta harbo wani jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu na Mi-8 da ke karkashin kungiyar Wagner.A ranar 11 ga Satumba 2023, CMA ta ayyana kanta a matsayin "yaƙi" tare da mulkin soja.

## Manazarta