Abokan Duniya (EWNI)

**Abokan Duniya Ingila, Wales da Arewacin Ireland** (wanda kuma aka sani da **FoE EWNI** ) ɗaya ce daga cikin ƙungiyoyi 70 na ƙasa a duniya waɗanda suka ƙunshi hanyar sadarwa ta ƙungiyoyin muhalli na Abokan Duniya . Yawanci ana kiranta da 'Abokan Duniya' kawai a cikin ƙasashenta na asali.

## Tarihi

An kafa Abokan Duniya a Ingila a shekarar 1971, shekaru biyu bayan da aka fara kafa ƙungiyar a San Francisco a shekarar 1969.  Shugabanta na farko shine Graham Searle, tsohon mataimakin shugaban ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta ƙasa . A shekarar 1975, Searle ya rubuta takaddamar dajin Beech na New Zealand ga Abokan Duniya a lokacin hutun shekara guda a wannan ƙasar.  Ɗaya daga cikin farkon kamfen ɗin sabuwar ƙungiyar ita ce zubar da kwalaben gilashi kusan 1000 a gaban hedikwatar babban kamfanin giya Schweppes da ke Connaught House, London don nuna rashin amincewa da manufar kamfanin na samun kwalaben da ba za a iya mayarwa ba. Sauran ayyukan farko sun mayar da hankali kan adawa da ma'adinan tagulla a wurin shakatawa na Snowdonia (wanda ya haifar da nasara da wuri lokacin da aka dakatar da hakan) da kuma aikin ceton nau'ikan halittu da ke fuskantar barazanar ɓacewa. Wannan ya girma ya zama kamfen na 'Save the Whale' na duniya ta FoE, Greenpeace da sauransu.

Yaƙin neman zaɓe don samar da makamashi mai aminci shi ma wani batu ne na farko, inda ƙwararren masanin Amurka Amory Lovins ya goyi bayan FoE EWNI. Adawa da makamashin nukiliya da goyon bayan makamashi mai sabuntawa babban batu ne na yaƙin neman zaɓe wanda ya rikide zuwa aiki kan sauyin yanayi - yanzu a shekarar 2020 babban jigon aikin FoE EWNI.

Ayyukan gida a faɗin Burtaniya wani abu ne da ya bambanta FoE EWNI, wanda ke da hanyar sadarwa ta 'ƙungiyoyin gida' masu lasisi waɗanda ke da ɗan ikon cin gashin kansu kan batutuwan da suke aiki a kansu. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ƙaddamar da shi a 1971, akwai rassan gida takwas kuma zuwa 1976 akwai 140. A 1978 ƙungiyoyi a Scotland suka rabu don kafa ƙungiyarsu, FoE Scotland .  A 1980, FoE tana da ƙungiyoyi 250 da magoya baya 17,000 da suka yi rijista,  amma ci gaban ƙungiyar zaman lafiya da CND daga 1980–84 ya ga an ƙaura da tallafi kuma FoE ya rage zuwa ma'aikata 12.

A shekarar 1984, Jonathan Porritt, tsohon malami kuma shugaban Jam'iyyar Ecology Party (wanda aka sake masa suna Jam'iyyar Green Party a shekarar 1985), ya zama darektan kungiyar.  Porritt ya bar aiki a shekarar 1990, wanda a lokacin ya zama memba ya karu zuwa 226,000 kuma adadin ma'aikata daga 12 zuwa sama da 100.  

Babban daraktan gudanarwa na gaba shine Dave Gee, sai kuma Charles Secrett wanda ya riƙe wannan matsayi har zuwa 2003.  Tsakanin 2003 da 2008, babban daraktan FoE EWNI shine Tony Juniper wanda a shekarar 2019 ya zama Shugaban Ƙasar Ingila ta Halitta . Daga 2006–2008 FoE ta taka rawa a kamfen ɗin (wanda aka sani da 'Big Ask') don Dokar Yanayi ta Burtaniya,  wanda ya zama doka a 2008. Andy Atkins shine babban daraktan gudanarwa daga 2008-2015, wanda ya faɗaɗa iyakokin kamfen ɗin don haɗawa da ƙarin bambancin halittu, tare da kafa Tsarin Masu Gurɓatar Ruwa na Ƙasa babban abin da ya fi daukar hankali a kamfen ɗin.  Daga 2015–2020 Craig Bennett shine Babban Darakta, wanda ya bar aiki don zama Daraktan Amintattun Namun Daji . Daga Janairu 2021 zuwa Yuli 2024, Miriam Turner da Hugh Knowles sun kasance Shugabannin Kamfanoni.  An nada Jamie Peters a matsayin Babban Jami'i (na wucin gadi) a watan Yulin 2024. 

## Tsarin da kuɗaɗen tallafi
FoE EWNI tana da tsari biyu, wanda ya ƙunshi amintaccen kamfani, wanda ƙungiyar agaji ce mai rijista,  da kuma kamfani mai iyaka, wanda ke gudanar da kamfen na siyasa - dokokin Burtaniya sun iyakance yadda ƙungiyar agaji za ta iya yin kamfen.

Jimillar kudin shiga na Friends of the Earth Ltd. na shekarar da ta ƙare a watan Mayun 2019 ya kai £11.2m wanda kimanin £8m daga cikinsa tallafi ne daga FoE Charitable Trust. 

## Manazarta