open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Margaret Murray

A cikin lokacin filin 1903–04,Murray ya koma Masar,kuma bisa ga umarnin Petrie ya fara bincikenta a makabartar Saqqara kusa da Alkahira,wanda aka yi tun daga zamanin Tsohuwar Mulkin.Murray ba ta da izini na doka don tono wurin,kuma a maimakon haka ta yi amfani da lokacinta wajen rubuta rubuce-rubucen daga kaburburan goma da aka tona a cikin shekarun 1860 ta Auguste Mariette.[31] Ta buga bincikenta a cikin 1905 a matsayin *Saqqara Mastabas I*,kodayake ba za ta buga fassarar rubutun ba sai 1937 a matsayin *Saqqara Mastabas II* .  Dukansu *The Osireion a Abydos* da *Saqqara Mastabas Na* tabbatar da cewa suna da tasiri sosai a cikin al'ummar Masarawa,tare da Petrie ya fahimci gudummawar Murray ga aikinsa.

## Manazarta
Alessandra Nibbi

An haife ta a ranar 30 ga Yuni 1923 a Porto San Giorgio,Italiya,a 1928 ta yi ƙaura tare da danginta zuwa Ostiraliya saboda yanayin siyasa a Italiya;Nibbi ya girma a Melbourne tare da ilimin Ingilishi.A cikin 1947,bayan yaƙi da faduwar farkisanci,Nibbi da danginta sun koma Italiya na ɗan lokaci,kuma a nan ta yi aure. A 1963 ta sake zuwa Italiya kuma a cikin tafiya ta shiga wani balaguron balaguro a Masar,inda ta fara sha'awar tsohuwar wayewar Masar ta yadda sau ɗaya a Italiya ta fara karatun ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi a jami'ar Perugia daga baya kuma ta sauke karatu a Jami'ar Florence Ba da daɗewa ba,Nibbi ya bar Italiya zuwa Oxford,Ingila.A cikin 1969 ta buga Etruscans-themed *The Tyrrhenians*,amma wani sanannen sananne ne kawai ya zo a cikin 1972 tare da buga kansa mai suna *The Sea–People:A Sake nazarin Madogaran Masarawa*,wanda ta ba da shawarar cewa"Babban Green "da aka ambata a ciki.Bai kamata a gano bayanan Masar tare da Tekun Bahar Rum kamar yadda aka saba yi ba amma tare da kogin Nilu mai ban sha'awa,kuma cewa Masarawa na da ba su da wayewar teku kamar yadda ake tunani;a lokacin da littafin da abin da aka yanke a ciki ya kasance yadu da manyan malamai.Tun lokacin da mujallu suka fara ƙin buga ayyukanta,a cikin 1985 Nibbi ta kafa nata bita,*Tattaunawar da aka dakatar a yanzu a cikin Egiptology*,wanda ta buga nazarce-nazarcen nata na baya-bayan nan game da tsohon tarihin ƙasar Masar wanda ya ta'allaka kan yadda ta sake fassara wasu labaran da suka shafi teku, irin su.*Labarin Wenamun*Domin samun shaidun da'awarta,Nibbi ta yi tona a wurare daban-daban na gabar tekun Masar kamar Mersa Matruh tana neman anka da sauran tsoffin fasahar sojan ruwa.

## Manazarta
Violette Lafleur

## Ganewa
An gane sadaukarwar Lafleur da aikin gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin 1951 ta Sir David Pye,Provost,a Dinner na Fellows inda aka rubuta buri don samun rikodi na dindindin a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya na Petrie,kodayake ba a taɓa yin irin wannan rikodin ba.

Wani sabon nuni a gidan kayan gargajiya na Petrie,"Characters and Collections", wanda aka buɗe lokacin rani 2015,yanzu ya gane babban rawar Lafleur a cikin rayuwar tarin.

## Manazarta
Christiane Desroches Noblecourt

## Nunin ''Tutankhamun da Zamaninsa''
A cikin 1963,Desroches Noblecourt ya buga *Tutankhamen:Rayuwa da Mutuwar Fir'auna*,kuma a cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya,a matsayin shugaban Antiquities na Masar a Louvre,Desroches Noblecourt ya shirya nunin Tutankhamun a 1967.Baje kolin mai taken "Tutankhamun and His Times"ya samu halartar mutane sama da miliyan guda.  Abubuwan da aka samu daga baje kolin sun je asusun ceto na Abu Simbel,wanda ya kai kusan dalar Amurka 500,000. Baje kolin ya fi girma,tare da abubuwa da yawa daga kabarin,fiye da yadda aka yi rangadin Arewacin Amurka da Japan a baya.Desroches Noblecourt ya yi shawarwari game da abubuwan da za su samar da nunin,kuma sun haɗa da abin rufe fuska na zinariya na Tutankhamun, wanda ke nuna alamar farko ta shiga Turai.
Laure Pantalacci

**Laure Pantalacci** kwararre ne na Masarautar Faransa wanda ya kasance darektan Cibiyar Français d'archéologie Orientale daga 2005 zuwa 2010kuma shugaban Ƙungiyar Masarautar Ƙasa ta Duniya.

## Nassoshi
Sarah Parcak

**Sarah Parcak** (an haife ta a  garin Bangor,Maine, kuma ta sami digirinta na farko a Egiptoology da Nazarin Archaeological daga Jami'ar Yale a shekarar ta 2001 da Ph.D.daga Jami'ar Cambridge . Ita ce farfesa a fannin Anthropology a Jami'ar Alabama a Birmingham(UAB); kafin ta kasance malamar fasaha da tarihi ta Jami'ar ƙasar Masar Wales,Swansea.

## Manazarta
Delia Pemberton

## Bangaren littafi mai tsarki

### Littattafai da labarai na manya

* *Jagoran birni:Alkahira da Luxor*, jerin Collins Travellers,HarperCollins, 1991
* *Jagororin Gine-gine na Matafiya: Tsohuwar Masar*,Viking Penguin (Birtaniya)/Chronicle(US),1992
* *The British Museum Pocket Treasury*, British Museum Press(sake buga 2004/2006 a matsayin *The British Museum Little Book of Treasures*), 1996
* 'Masu Ziyarar Matasa' a *Bayan Al'amuran a Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya*, ed A.Burnett da J.Reeve,Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya, 2001
* *Taskokin Fir'auna*,(gabatarwa ta Joann Fletcher ),Duncan Baird Publications, 2004
* *Cats*, British Museum Press,2006
 

## Manazarta
Bertha Porter

**Francis Llewellyn Griffith** , Yayin da yake aiki a Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya (ya bar a cikin shekarar 1896), ya kafa kudade da kuma jagoranci don haɗawa da *Rubutun Topographical na Tsohon Masarawa Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, da Painting*,tare da manufar kafa wuri da abun ciki na matani.da aka samu a kan tsoffin abubuwan tarihi a Masar da kuma Sudan daga baya.Porter ya sha alwashin jagorantar harhada littafin,aikin da ya shafe ta har sai da ta yi ritaya daga aikin a shekarar 1929,wanda ya kai fiye da shekaru 30.

## Manazarta
Paule Posener-Kriéger

A shekara ta 1960 ta auri wani masanin ilimin Misira,Georges Posener,wanda ya mutu a 1988.Ta rayu da shi shekaru takwas,ta rasu a 1996.Jean Yoyotte ne ya rubuta labarin mutuwarta.

## Nassoshi
Janet Richards (masaniyar Masar)

Tun daga 2012,Richards ya kasance farfesa na Egiptology kuma mai kula da Dynastic Egypt a Jami'ar Michigan-Ann Arbor.Richards shine marubucin "Al'umma da Mutuwa a Misira ta Tsohuwar:Yanayin Gawawwaki na Masarautar Tsakiya"(Cambridge,2005). Hakanan ita ce editan haɗin gwiwa tare da Mary van Buren na"Oda,Halalci da Dukiya a cikin Jihohin Tsoho"(Richards 1-5).A cikin 2013,Cibiyar Nazarin Amirka ta Berlin ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Berlin. 

## Manazarta
Natalya Semper

**Rubutu mai gwaɓi**  Bayan ta dawo daga sansanin,ta sami rayuwa mai koyar da Ingilishi,Jamusanci da Faransanci,ta samar da taƙaitaccen bayani ga Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Ilimin Ilimin Gabas a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha, yin aikin rubuce-rubuce, da sauransu.Ta rubuta bitar adabin Masarawa na yau da kullun a cikin *Jaridar Tsohuwar Tarihi*.  Ta"koyaushe fi son matsalolin jiki-'yoke'- kuma saboda wannan dalili ba ta aiki ba,"kuma ta yi tunanin cewa"ta rayu cikin rayuwar mutum mai farin ciki,cike da abubuwan ban sha'awa na matasa, bala'i,riba,hasara...ta rayu kamar yadda ta so,duk da matsalolin kayan aiki da na yau da kullum."
Nora E. Scott

**Nora E. Scott** (Yuli 14, 1905 - Afrilu 4, 1994) masanin Masarautar Masar ne kuma Mai kula da fasahar Masarawa a Gidan Tarihi na Gidan Tarihi. Ita ce kuma marubuciyar littattafan tarihi guda biyu da labarai da yawa kan tsohuwar Masar.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Nora Elizabeth Scott a Prestwick, Scotland a cikin 1905.Iyalin sun koma Kingston, Ontario, Kanada, bayan ƴan shekaru lokacin da mahaifinta, Ernest F. Scott,ya ɗauki matsayi a matsayin farfesa a Kwalejin Sarauniya. A cikin 1919,dangin sun ƙaura zuwa New York, inda Ernest Scott ya zama farfesa a Makarantar Tauhidi ta Union.Scott ta sami digiri na farko a cikin litattafai daga Kwalejin Barnard. Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Jami'ar Oxford a 1927,tana karatun Egiptology tare da Francis Llewellyn Griffith da Aylward M. Blackman,ta bar BA na biyu. sai wani MA.

## Manazarta
Sara Yorke Stevenson

An haifi Edward Yorke a Philadelphia kuma ya koma New Orleans don wakiltar kamfanin lauya na Yorke & Macalister.A Louisiana ya shiga cikin kafa tsarin makarantun gwamnati a New Orleans.Ya zama mai sha'awar harkokin kasuwanci, ciki har da gabatar da iskar gas zuwa Paris,da hanyar jirgin kasa ta trans-isthmian a Tehuantepec.Ya mutu daga ciwon daji a Vermont a 1868.An haifi Sarah Hanna a Alabama kuma ta koma New Orleans tare da danginta.
Gertrud Thausing

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Gertrud Maria Elisa Thausing a ranar 29 ga Disamba,1905,a Vienna.Ta yi karatun Egiptology a Jami'ar Vienna, kuma ta yi aiki tare da fitattun masana ilimin Masar Hermann Junker da Wilhelm Czermak.An fi saninta da aikinta kan ilimin harsunan Afirka,gami da nazarin harsunan Masarawa,'yan Koftik da na Nubian.Ayyukanta kan addinin Masar na dā da tatsuniyoyi kuma an yi ta ambatonsu sosai.Daga 1953 zuwa 1977,ta kasance shugabar Cibiyar Nazarin Egiptology da Nazarin Afirka a Jami'ar Vienna.

## Manazarta
Jing Liu (mai gini)

**Jing Liu,** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1980) masaniyar gine-gine ce, malama kuma, mai haɗin gwiwa na kamfanin ƙirar ƙira mai nasara wadda ta ci lambar yabo Solid Objectives - Idenburg Liu ( SO-IL ) a birnin New York .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Jing Liu a birnin Nanjing na kasar Sin. Liu ta je matakai  sosai a lokacin budurci, kuma ta yi karatunta a China, Japan, Burtaniya da Amurka. Daga shekara 1999-zuwa 2004, Liu ya karanci Architecture a Makarantar Gine-gine na Jami'ar Tulane a New Orleans, kuma ta koma New York a  shekara 2004.

A cikin shekara 2008 Liu ya kafa SO - IL tare da masanin fasahar Dutch Florian Idenburg .  A cikin shekara 2010, kamfanin ya ci MoMA PS1 Young Architects Program tare da ''Pole Dance''  na gwaji sosai da tsarin shigarwa.  Sun ci gaba da zana Hotunan Kukje Gallery wanda ya sami lambar yabo a Seoul . Zane na Kukje Gallery yana nuna wani muhimmin lokaci a cikin gine-gine a yau wanda "mutum ya sami tsarin gine-gine masu yawa a mataki tare da yanayin da ba a sani ba na zamanin dijital," in ji wani masanin gine-ginen Birtaniya Sam Jacob a Domus . A cikin shekara 2012 da shekara 2013, SO - IL an ba da izini don tsara kasancewar ta na  farko don Frieze Art Fair a birnin New York.   Yin aiki tare da tsarin tanti da aka riga aka kera ya tilasta musu zama masu ƙirƙira tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙamus. Yankakken sashin tanti mai siffar Pie suna lankwasa tanti madaidaiciyar in ba haka ba ta zama madaidaici, supple, siffa. Siffar iska tana rayar da shi akan wurin da ba a saba gani a bakin ruwa ba, da kuma kafa tsarin wucin gadi a matsayin tambari a gefen ruwa.   A cikin bazara shekara 2013, SO - IL ya lashe gasar don tsara sabon Jan Shrem da Maria Manetti Shrem Museum of Art a Jami'ar California, Davis .

Liu ya kasance mamba a jami'ar Columbia ta GSAPP tun daga shekara 2009, kuma ta koyar a Jami'ar Syracuse, Makarantar Gine-gine, da kuma Parsons Sabuwar Makarantar Zane .

A cikin shekara 2015, Liu da Florian Idenburg sun ba da guraben wurare na Hyperreal: Ábalos&Herreros wanda SO - IL ya zaɓa a Cibiyar Gine-gine ta Kanada .

## Ganewa
Liu ya kasance dan takarar karshe na Moira Gemmill Prize for Emerging Architecture a cikin shekara 2017 kuma a cikin 2018, Liu ta sami lambar yabo ta Vilcek don Ƙirƙirar Alƙawari a cikin gine-gine.

## Nassoshi
Khaled Elleithy

Khaled Elleithy farfesa ne a Masarautar Kimiyyar Kwamfuta da Injiniya . Shi ne Shugaban Kwalejin Injiniya, Kasuwanci, da Ilimi na yanzu kuma yana aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa don Nazarin Digiri da Bincike a Jami'ar Bridgepor.

## Ilimi
Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta da sarrafa atomatik a (1983) daga Jami'ar Alexandria . Ya yi digirinsa na biyu a fannin sadarwa na kwamfuta daga wannan cibiyar a shekarar 1986. Ya samu wani digiri na biyu a fannin Computer Science a shekarar 1988 da kuma Ph.D. digiri Alif (1990) daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kwamfuta ta Ci gaba, Jami'ar Louisiana, Lafayette.    

## Gudunmawar kimiyya
Ya gano sabbin aikace-aikace na fasaha mara waya kuma ya kera na'urar gano cutar farfadiya wacce za ta iya gano siginar kafin harin. 

## Zumunci da zama memba
Shi babban memba ne na kungiyar IEEE na kwamfuta. A 1990 ya zama memba na Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) kuma memba na Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture. A shekarar 1983 ya zama memba na kungiyar Injiniya ta Masar a rayuwa. A cikin 1988 ya zama memba na IEEE Circuits &amp;amp; Systems Society da IEEE Computer Society. A cikin 2018 an zabe shi a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka    

## Nassoshi
Huang Hui

**Huang Hui** masaniyar gine- ginen kasar Sin ce. Huang tana zaune kuma tana aiki a birnin Beijing na kasar Sin. 

## Ilimi
Huang ta sauke karatu daga jami'ar Tsinghua a shekara ta 1961 da digiri a fannin gine-gine. 

## Sana'a
Huang ta kasance wadda ta samu lambar yabo ta kyakkyawan zane daga ma'aikatar gidaje da raya birane da karkara da ma'aikatar kare muhalli ta Jamhuriyar Jama'ar kasar Sin saboda zanen da ta tsara na makarantar sakandare ta Beijing mai lamba 4. 

## Kara karantawa

; Hui Huang tayi aiki

* "Duzuo." *Lunheng jiaoshi* . Huang Hui ne ya bayyana shi. Taipei: Taiwan shangwu yinshuguan, 1983.
* Guan, Changcun & Shi, Jian. "Gyara a yankin Xiaohoucang". Bita na Tsare-tsare da Gine-gine na birnin Beijing. 1989, No.2, shafi.&nbsp;21-23 (cikin Sinanci).
Abeer Sekaly

**Abeer Seikaly** masaniyar gine-ginen Jordan-Kanada  wadda ta tsara wurin amfani da yawa, mafaka ga 'yan gudun hijira.  Tana zaune a Amman Jordan. Seikaly masaniyar  gine-gine ne kuma mai zane wanda ta yi aiki a Villa Moda a Kuwait cikin shekara 2005. Ta jagoranci bikin baje kolin fasahar zamani na farko a Jordan cikin shekara 2010. 

## Salon aikinta
Seikaly's 'Saƙa Gida' yana amfani da masana'anta wanda ya ƙunshi babban bututun filastik wanda aka ƙera shi zuwa raƙuman ruwa wanda ke faɗaɗa da rufewa dangane da yanayin yanayi;  ana rushe shi cikin sauƙi don ba da izinin motsi da sufuri. Tantin kuma tana tattara ruwan sama don a yi amfani da shi don tsabtace asali kamar shawa,  da kuma ɗaukar makamashin hasken rana wanda aka adana azaman wutar lantarki a cikin batura. 

Ta kasance memba na RISE- Jordan's Everest Expedition, wanda ya hau Dutsen Everest a cikin 2018. 

An nuna ayyukanta a duniya, ciki har da a MoMA a New York, MAK a Vienna, da gidan kayan gargajiya na Stedelijk a Amsterdam.

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
A cikin shekara 2013 an ba ta lambar yabo ta Lexus Design Award. 

## Duba kuma

* Kamel Mahadin
* Ali Maher (mai zane-zane / Architet)

## Manazarta
Nakasa ta jiki

**Nakasa ta jiki** taƙaice ce akan aikin mutum na zahiri, motsi, iyawarsa ko kuma ƙarfinsa.  Sauran nakasassu na jiki sun haɗa da nakasu waɗanda ke iyakance sauran fuskoki na rayuwar yau da kullun, kamar cututtukan numfashi, makanta, farfaɗo  da rashin bacci

## Dalilai

Ana samun nakasa kafin haihuwa. Wannan na iya zama saboda cututtuka ko abubuwan da uwa ta fallasa su yayin da take da juna biyu, haɗarin ci gaban tayi ko tayi ko kuma rashin lafiyar kwayoyin halitta .  

Perinatal disabilities are acquired between some weeks before to up to four weeks after birth in human yiis. These can be due to prolonged lack of oxygen or obstruction of the respiratory tract, damage to the brain during birth (due to the accidental misuse of forceps, for example) or the baby being born prematurely. These may also be caused due to genetic disorders or accidents.

Ana samun nakasa bayan haihuwa bayan haihuwa. Suna iya zama saboda hatsarori, raunuka, kiba, kamuwa da cuta ko wasu cututtuka . Hakanan ana iya haifar da waɗannan saboda cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.

## Nau`ukan

Lalacewar motsi ya haɗa da naƙasa na babba ko ƙananan gaɓoɓi ko naƙasa, rashin aikin hannu mara kyau, da lalacewa ga ɗaya ko gabobin jiki da yawa. Nakasa a cikin motsi na iya zama matsala ta haihuwa ko samu ko kuma sakamakon cuta. Mutanen da suka samu karyewar tsarin kwarangwal suma suna shiga cikin wannan rukuni.

Rashin gani wani nau'in nakasar jiki ne. Akwai dubban ɗaruruwan mutane masu ƙanƙanta zuwa daban-daban munanan raunuka ko nakasu. Irin wannan raunuka kuma na iya haifar da matsaloli masu tsanani ko cututtuka irin su makanta da ciwon ido. Wasu nau'o'in nakasasshen hangen nesa sun haɗa da cornea da aka zazzage, ƙwanƙwasa a kan sclera, yanayin ido masu ciwon sukari, bushewar idanu da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, macular degeneration a cikin tsufa da kuma cirewar ido.

Rashin ji wani bangare ne ko gabaɗayan rashin iya ji. Kurame da masu wuyar ji suna da kyawawan al'adu   kuma suna amfana daga koyon yaren kurame don dalilai na sadarwa.   Mutanen da ba su da wani yanki kawai na iya yin amfani da na'urorin ji don inganta ƙarfin jin su. Magana da nakasa harshe: mutumin da ke da karkatacciyar hanyar magana da tsarin harshe wanda ke cikin kewayon karkatacciyar yarda a cikin yanayin da aka ba da kuma wanda ke hana cikakken ci gaban zamantakewa ko ilimi.

Har ila yau, ana iya danganta nakasar jiki ga rashin lafiya da ke haifar, da sauransu, rashin barci, gajiya mai tsanani, ciwo mai tsanani, da kuma kamawa.

## Manazarta
Patrick Obi Ngoddy

**Patrick Obi Ngoddy**, Farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya  a fannin Injiniyanci da sarrafa Abinci a Faculty of Agriculture University of Nigeria, Nsukka.    Shi ne shugaban majagaba na sashen Kimiyyar Abinci da Fasaha,  tsohon shugaban tsangayar aikin gona  kuma memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Najeriya. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Patrick Obi Ngoddy a ranar 24 ga watan Yuni, (1940). Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin Injiniyanci na Aikin Gona daga Jami'ar Jihar California Polytechnic, San Luis Obispo a shekara ta (1965) a cikin shekarar 1967 izuwa 1969, ya sami M.Sc. da kuma Ph.D. a Tsarin Aikin Noma da Injiniyan Abinci daga Jami'ar Jihar Michigan, Gabashin Lansing, Michigan bi da bi.

## Sana'a

**Ngoddy** ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru a Jami'ar Jihar Michigan a matsayin malami a fannin Injiniyanci n Aikin Noma a shekara ta 1968. A cikin shekarar ta alif 1968, ya zama mataimakin farfesa a Injiniyancin Abinci da Aikin Noma kuma Darakta na Laboratory Control Problem Agricultural a shekarar ta alif 1969.1969. 
A shekarar  ta (1971) ya dawo Najeriya ( Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-Ife) inda ya zama Farfesa a fannin Injiniya da sarrafa Abinci a shekarar ta (1978) Ya taba zama Farfesa a fannin Injiniyanci da Sarrafa Abinci na Jami’ar Najeriya Nsukka, inda ya rike muƙamai da dama kamar Sashen Kimiyya da Fasaha na Abinci daga shekarun alif (1979) zuwa 1982, Shugaban tsangayar Aikin Gona daga shekarun 1981 zuwa 1983, Mataimakin Shugaban Jami’a daga shekarun 1985. zuwa 1986, Dean of School of Post-Graduate Student daga shekarun 1985 zuwa 1987 da Mataimakin  Shugaban Jami'ar, makarantar kimiyya daga shekarun 1995 zuwa 1998.

## Memba
A shekara ta (1965) ya zama Fellow of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Fellow Institute of Food Technology (IFT, USA) a shekara ta 1969, memba na American Society for Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineering (ASHRAE) a shekarar 1970, da Fellow na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Najeriya.

## wallafe-wallafen da aka zaɓa

* Ihekoronye, AI, & **Ngoddy**, PO (1985). Haɗin kimiyyar abinci da fasaha don wurare masu zafi. 
* Uvere, PO, Onyekwere, EU, & **Ngoddy**, PO (2010). Samar da masara–bambara gyada na karin abinci da aka inganta kafin haifuwa tare da kayan sarrafa abinci mai wadatar calcium, iron, zinc da provitamin A. 
* Uzochukwu, SV, Balogh, E., Tucknot, OG, Lewis, MJ, & **Ngoddy**, PO (1994). Abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi na giyar dabino da ruwan dabino. 
* Uvere, PO, **Ngoddy, P. O.**, & Nnanyelugo, DO (2002). Tasirin jiyya na amylase-rich ful (ARF) akan danko na karin kayan abinci. 
* **Ngoddy**, PO (1972). Rufe tsarin sarrafa sharar gida ga dabbobi. Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka. 
* Uvere, PO, Ngoddy, PO, & Nwankwo, CS (2014). Hardness   as a modification index for malting red and white sorghum (kaffir) grains.

## Manazarta
Aly Tewfik Shousha

**Sir Aly Tewfik Shousha, Pasha** ( ; 17 Agusta 1891 - 31 Mayu 1964) likitan Masar ne kuma memba ne na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Aly Tewfik Shousha a Alkahira, a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta (1891) Ya kammala karatu daga Makarantar Magunguna, Jami'ar Humboldt ta Berlin a shekara ta (1915), kuma ya ƙware a nazarin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta a Jami'ar Zurich. Daga baya ya zama mataimaki a Cibiyar Hygienische da ke Zurich (1916-1917).  

## Sana'a
Shousha ya koma Masar don yin aiki a matsayin likitan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin shekarar 1924, kafin ya zama Daraktan ɗakunan gwaje-gwaje na Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Jama'a a shekarar (1930)  Daga nan ya zama Ƙaramin Sakatare na Ma’aikatar Lafiya a shekarar (1939) a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin (1949) ya zama darektan yanki na farko na yankin Gabashin Bahar Rum na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) a farkonta.   Ya kuma kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa WHO  kuma Shugaban Hukumar Zartaswa ta WHO.   

Shousha ya wallafa muƙaloli da yawa akan ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da rigakafi.  Ya ba da gudummawa ga gyara littafin Encyclopedia na Larabci da aka sauƙaƙe, kuma an zaɓe shi a Cibiyar Nazarin Harshen Larabci a Alkahira a shekara ta 1942.  

## Mutuwa
Shousha ya mutu a ranar 31 ga watan Mayu 1964, yana da shekaru 72, yayin da yake halartar taron Hukumar WHO a Geneva.  Ya halarta ne a matsayin wakilin kungiyar kasashen Larabawa, wanda ya jagoranci harkokin kiwon lafiya.  

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
Yawancin kayan ado na Shousha sun haɗa da Order of the Nile a shekara ta (1936) Medal US Typhus Commission a shekara ta (1944) Order of Pashwiya a ranar 26 ga watan Afrilu (1945)  da Commander and the Knight of the Order of the British Empire a shekara ta (1948) Wani titi a Nasr City, Alkahira, an sanya masa suna. 

A cikin shekarar (1966) Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta tara ta kafa tushe don girmama ƙwaƙwalwarsa a matsayinsa na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya kuma Daraktan Yanki na farko na WHO na Gabashin Bahar Rum. Manufar gidauniyar ita ce bayar da lambar yabo da aka fi sani da Shousha Prize, wanda ake ba wa mutumin da ya ba da gudunmawa mai mahimmanci ga duk wata matsalar lafiya a yankin da Dr Shousha ya yi wa WHO hidima. Har ila yau, gidauniyar tana ba da haɗin gwiwa kowane shekaru shida wanda ya kai dalar Amurka 15,000.  

## Manazarta
Joyce Tyldesley

An haifi Tyldesley a Bolton,Lancashire  kuma ya halarci Makarantar Bolton.  A cikin shekara  ta 1981,ta sami digiri na farko na girmamawa a fannin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi na Gabashin Bahar Rum daga Jami'ar Liverpool.An gudanar da karatun digirinta a Jami'ar Oxford;na farko a Kwalejin St Anne sannan,bayan samun lambar yabo ta malanta,a Kwalejin St Cross.A cikin shekara  ta 1986,an ba ta digiri na uku a Prehistoric Archaeology daga Jami'ar Oxford.An rubuta rubutunta game da Mousterian bifaces(handaxes)a Arewacin Turai.Daga nan sai Tyldesley ya koma Liverpool a matsayin malami a fannin ilimin kimiya na tarihi na Prehistoric.

## Accountancy and Rutherford Press Limited
Tyldesley ƙwararriyar Akanta ce ta Chartered, kuma ta shafe shekaru 17 tana tallafawa aikinta na rubuce-rubuce ta yin aiki a matsayin ƙaramin manajan kasuwanci na Crossley da Davis Chartered Accountants a Bolton.

A cikin shekara ta 2004 Tyldesley ya kafa,tare da Dr. Steven Snape,Rutherford Press Limited, kamfanin wallafe-wallafen da aka sadaukar don buga littattafai masu mahimmanci amma masu samuwa akan tsohuwar Masar yayin da yake tara kuɗi don aikin filin Egyptology.An ba da gudummawa daga RPL jimlar £ 3,000 zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Manchester, Masarautar Exploration Society da aikin filin aikin Jami'ar Liverpool a Zawiyet umm el-Rakham.Rutherford Press ya rufe a watan Fabrairu shekara ta 2017,don ƙyale Tyldesley ta mai da hankali ga koyarwarta.

## Manazarta
Gulnara Mehmandarova

**Gulnara Mehmandarova** ( Azerbaijani   ; An haife ta cikin shekara 1959) masaniyar  gine-gine ce, mai bincike ( masaniyar  tarihi na gine-gine da fasaha ) kuma Memba mai dacewa na Kwalejin Kasa da Kasa na Gine-gine na Kasashen Gabas. Gulnara Kamal Mehmandarova tana da PhD a ka'idar ta da tarihin gine-gine da kuma maido da gine-ginen gine-gine. Ta buga littattafan kimiyya sama da saba 'in 70.

## aiki tare da wuraren Tarihi na Duniya, UNESCO

### Jerin abubuwan tarihi na duniya (WHL), UNESCO
Gulnara Mehmandarova ta shirya takaddun don haɗawa da abubuwan tarihi da yawa na gine-gine a Azerbaijan akan jerin wuraren tarihi na duniya, gami da bangon birni na Baku tare da Fadar Shirvanshah da Hasumiyar Maiden (an bayyana Cibiyar Tarihin Duniya ta UNESCO a shekara 2000),   da Wuta Temple "Ateshgah" a cikin Surakhany 

## aiki tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya akan Monuments da Shafuka (ICOMOS)

* ICOMOS-CIVVIH - memba na Kwamitin Kimiyya na Duniya akan Garuruwan Tarihi da Kauyukan ICOMOS
* ICOMOS-IWC - memba na Kwamitin katako na Kimiyya na Duniya na ICOMOS
* Shugaban Kwamitin Azerbaijan na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Monuments da Shafuka (ICOMOS)

## Membobi a cikin Ƙungiyoyin Architects

* Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Norwegian
* Al'umma don Kiyaye Abubuwan Tarihi na Tsohon Yaren mutanen Norway
* Kwalejin Kasa da Kasa na Gine-gine na Kasashen Gabas
* Union of Architects na Azerbaijan
* Union of Architects na USSR - Tarayyar Soviet

## Duba kuma

* Mammadbeev, daraja iyali Azerbaijan
* Mgeladze, dangi mai daraja na Jojiya
* Ashurbeev, daraja iyali Azerbaijan
* Mehmandarov, mai daraja iyali Azerbaijan

## Nassoshi
Hana Vymazalová

Dissertation nata ya mayar da hankali ne kan rubuce-rubucen lissafin kudi daga taskar fir'auna Raneferef.Abubuwan da ta ke so sun haɗa da tattalin arziƙin gidajen jana'izar Tsohuwar Masarautar da kuma amfani da ilimin lissafi wajen gudanarwa.Ta kasance memba a cikin tawagar tono Abusir tun 2006. 

## Manazarta
Willeke Wendrich

Wendrich ta kammala Ph.D.a Cibiyar Nazarin Asiya, Afirka da Amerindian (CNWS) a Jami'ar Leiden a Netherlands a cikin 1993.Taken karatun ta shine *ilimin Ethnoarchaeology da yanayin zamantakewar Kwandon Masarawa na tsohuwar Masar*, wanda daga baya aka buga shi *azaman Duniya bisa ga Basketry* ta Cotsen Institute of Archeology (CIoA) Press a watan Yuni 1999.Daga 1995 zuwa 1999 Wendrich mataimakin farfesa ne a fannin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi na Masar a Jami'ar Leiden,wanda ke Cibiyar Nazarin Archaeology da Larabci ta Netherlands a Alkahira.A cikin 2000, Wendrich ya koma Los Angeles kuma ya zama mataimakin farfesa a Sashen Harsuna da Al'adu na Gabas ta Tsakiya a UCLA. Ta rike mukamin mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi ta Masar a wannan sashe daga 2003-2009.A lokacin aikinta a UCLA, Wendrich ya zama Daraktan Faculty na UCLA Digital Humanities Incubator Group, kuma,a cikin 2013,Daraktan Faculty of the Center for Digital Humanities a UCLA.Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Co-director na Keck Digital Cultural Mapping Program a UCLA daga 2008 har zuwa 2012.A Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, Wendrich ya rike mukamin Daraktan Edita na Cibiyar Nazarin Archaeology ta Cotsen (CIoA) daga 2011 har zuwa 2016.

## Manazarta
Cincin

Cincin, wani abu ne wanda ake yin shi da fulawa.

## Kayan hadi

* Fulawa
* Mai
* Butter
* Suga 
* kwai 
* Gishiri 
* Madara 
* Bakar Hoda 
* Ruwa 

## Yadda Ake

## Manazarta
Boundary Creek (Kogin Glen Fernaigh, Clarence Valley)

**Boundary Creek**, Rafi ne kuma kogin Clarence, yana cikin yankin Arewacin Rivers na New South Wales, wanda yake yankin Ostiraliya.

## Hakika da fasali
Boundary Creek ya tashi kusan  arewa maso yammacin Dutsen Bare. Kogin yana gudana gabaɗaya arewa maso gabas kafin ya isa gaɓar kogin Glen Fernaigh.

## Duba kuma
* Kogin New South Wales
* Jerin rafukan New South Wales (AK)
* Jerin rafukan Ostiraliya

## Nassoshi
Kogin Bow (New South Wales)

**Kogin Bow**, wani rafi na ɗan lokaci na kogin Hunter, yana cikin gundumar Hunter na New South Wales, wanda yake yankin Ostiraliya.

## Hakika
 
Kogin Bow ya tashi a ƙarƙashin Dutsen Galla Gilla kuma an kafa shi ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar Bobialla Creek da Spring Creek, kusa da ƙauyen Bow, yammacin Merriwa, kuma yana gudana gabaɗaya kudu maso yamma, kudu maso gabas, da kudu,tare da ƙanana uku,kafin isa ga ta.haɗuwa tare da Kogin Goulburn tsakanin Goulburn National Park, yamma da Denman. Kogin Bow ya gangara  sama da  hakika. 

## Duba kuma
* Jerin rafukan Ostiraliya
* Jerin rafukan New South Wales (A-K)
* Kogin New South Wales

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Brays Creek

**Brays Creek** rafi ne na dindindin wanda yake a yankin Arewacin Rivers a cikin jihar New South Wales, Wanda yake yankinOstiraliya. Yana da sunan yankin na wannan sunan.

## Duba kuma
* Kogin New South Wales
* Jerin rafukan New South Wales (AK)
* Jerin rafukan Ostiraliya

## Nassoshi
Kogin Bredbo

**Kogin Bredbo**, rafi ne na shekara-shekara wanda ke cikin yankin Murrumbidgee a cikin kwarin Murray – Darling, yana cikin yankin Monaro na New South Wales, Wanda yake yankinOstiraliya.

## Wuri da fasali
Kogin ya tashi a kan gangaren yammaci na Babban Rarraba range a Dutsen Bald kuma yana gudana gabaɗaya yamma,tare da raƙuman ruwa guda bakwai ciki har da yankin kogin Strike-a-Light, kafin ya kai ga haɗuwa da Kogin Murrumbidgee kimanin  kudu-maso-gabashin Bredbo ;  saukowa  sama da  hakika. 

Kogin ya bi ta cikin garin Bredbo; daga inda aka zana sunanta, kalmar Aboriginal ma'ana hadewar ruwa. 

## Duba kuma
 

* List of rivers of Australia § New South Wales

## Nassoshi
Kogin Bunnoo

**Kogin Bunnoo** kogi ne na jihar New South Wales Wanda yake yankin Ostiraliya.

## Duba kuma

* Jerin rafukan Ostiraliya

## Nassoshi
Kogin Boyd (New South Wales)

**Kogin Boyd**, Rafi ne dindindin  wanda wani yanki ne na ruwan kogin Clarence, yana cikin gundumar Arewa Tebura na New South Wales,wanda yake yankin Ostiraliya.

## Hakika
An kafa shi ta hanyar haɗuwar kogin Sara da kogin Guy Fawkes, Kogin Boyd ya tashi a cikin Guy Fawkes National Park da Chaelundi National Park, a ƙarƙashin Dorrigo Plateau a cikin Babban Rarraba Range,gabas kudu maso gabashin Glen Innes,kuma yana gudana gabaɗaya zuwa arewa. da gabas,tare da ƙaramin  guda ɗaya don haɗuwa da Kogin Nymboida, a Buccarumbi, yamma da Crossing Coutts.Kogin ya gangaro  sama da  hakika. 

## Duba kuma
* Kogin New South Wales.

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Youba Sokona

**Youba Sokona** FAAS FTWAS (an haife shi 23 ga Mayu, 1950) ƙwararren ɗan ƙasar Mali ne a fannin makamashi da ci gaba mai dorewa, musamman a cikin Afirka. Ya kasance mataimakin shugaban kwamitin kula da sauyin yanayi (IPCC) tun daga watan Oktoban, 2015 da kuma babban marubuci a IPCC tun 1990.

## Nassoshi
Alice Lougee Hagemeyer

**Alice Lougee Hagemeyer** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1934) kurma ce ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu ta Ba'amurke wacce ta yi aiki don samar da ɗakunan karatu ga kurame.Ta sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Gallaudet a 1957.Daga 1957 zuwa 1991 ta yi aiki a Laburaren Jama'a na Gundumar Columbia.A shekara ta 1974 ta ƙirƙiri makon wayar da kan kurame,wanda daga baya ake kira Makon Gadon Kura,wanda a cikinsa ake gudanar da shirye-shirye game da al'adun kurame a ɗakunan karatu.Ta zama Babban Laburare na Jama'a na Gundumar Columbia na cikakken lokaci "Ma'aikacin Laburare don Al'umman Kurame" a cikin 1976.Haka kuma a shekarar 1976,ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Kimiyyar Laburare daga Jami’ar Maryland.A cikin 1979 ta fara The Red Notebook,wanda ya kasance mai ɗaukar bayanai ta kuma game da kurame don ɗakin karatu na Martin Luther King Memorial.A cikin 2001 bayanin ya shiga kan layi,akan gidan yanar gizon da ake kira "The Red Notebook."A cikin 1980 ta kafa sashin da aka fi sani da Sabis na Laburare ga Mutanen da ke Kurame ko Hard of Ji Forum,wanda yanki ne a cikin Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Amurka.A cikin 1986 ta haɗu da Abokan Labura don Ayyukan Kurame,wanda ya zama sashe na hukuma na Ƙungiyar Kurame ta ƙasa a cikin 1992.Ta kuma kasance shugabar Ƙungiyar Ƙarfafa ta kuma ta fara yunkurin ganin an amince da ita daga Maris 13 zuwa 15 ga Afrilu a matsayin Watan Tarihin Kura na Ƙasa a Amurka.  A shekara ta 2006 Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amirka da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararru ta Ƙasa ta bayyana cewa za su gane wannan lokacin a matsayin Watan Tarihin Kurame na Ƙasa. 

## Manazarta
Alice Dugged Cary

**Alice Dugged Cary**,wanda kuma aka fi sani da **Alice Dugged Carey** (Satumba 1859 - Satumba 25,1941),malama Ba'amurke ce kuma ma'aikacin laburare.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Alice Dugged a New London,Indiana,a cikin 1859.Iyayenta su ne John Richard Dugged da Josie A.(Gilliam) Dugged kuma tana da ’yan’uwa biyu. 

Ta yi karatu a makarantun gwamnati a Marshall,Michigan,kuma ta kammala Jami'ar Wilberforce a 1881.Ta fara aikin koyarwa a makarantun jama'a na Kansas a cikin 1882.Ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar makarantar sakandaren Lincoln,Kansas City,Missouri,a cikin 1884,kuma a shekara ta gaba ta auri Rev.Jefferson Alexander Carey Jr,minista na Cocin AME . Sun ƙaura zuwa Atlanta,Georgia,inda ta karɓi alƙawari a 1886 a matsayin shugabar na biyu na Kwalejin Morris Brown .A cikin 1887 ita ce shugabar farko ta Makarantar Mitchell Street,matsayin da ta rike a lokaci guda tare da matsayinta na jami'a.

A cikin 1921 an nada ta ma'aikaciyar laburare ta farko na Laburaren Auburn Carnegie a Atlanta,ɗakin karatu na farko a cikin birni wanda ke da damar Baƙin Amurkawa a ƙarƙashin rarrabuwa.Ta kuma kafa reshe na biyu na Zeta Phi Beta sorority a waccan shekarar.Cary ta kasance mai fafutuka a siyasance,tana aiki a matsayin Shugabar Jihar Jojiya na Kwamitin Mata Masu Launi,kuma a matsayin shugabar Ƙungiyar Mata masu launi ta Jihar Jojiya.

Ta mutu a Atlanta,Jojiya, a cikin 1941 kuma an binne ta a makabartar Kudu-View.
Ghoulem Berrah

**Ghoulem Berrah** (1938-2011) Jakadan Ivory Coast ne kuma masanin ilimin halittu.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ghoulem Berrah a Ain Beida, Algeria a ranar 29 ga watan Mayu, 1938.  Bayan ya sami digirinsa, Berrah ya fara halartar makarantar likitancinsa a Faransa. Yayin da yake can shi ne wanda ya kafa kungiyar Daliban Musulmin Afirka ta Arewa, wata kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a ta mulkin mallaka, kuma ya shiga cikin juyin juya halin Aljeriya.  Ya sami digiri na biyu a shekarar 1961 da PhD a Microbiology daga Jami'ar Indiana, Bloomington a shekara 1963. 

## Sana'a

A matsayinsa na likita, Berrah ya yi aiki a Missour, Morocco a Ma'aikatar Lafiya.  A matsayin mai bincike, Berrah yayi aiki akan tsarin hanawa a cikin DNA kira a Jami'ar Indiana. A cikin shekarar 1963, ya zama farfesa a Makarantar Magunguna ta Yale.  A cikin shekarar 1965, Berrah ya zama mai ba da shawara ga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Cote d'Ivoire kuma mai ba da shawara na kud-da-kud ga Shugaba Félix Houphouët-Boigny.   A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan aikin, yana cikin tawagar Ivory Coast zuwa Babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, OAU,  kuma ya kasance mataimaki na musamman ga shugaba,  kuma daga baya ya zama Ambasada, har zuwa 1993.  A cikin wannan rawar, taka ya yi aiki don ci gaba da manufofin harkokin waje na al'umma,  ciki har da ra'ayoyin diflomasiyya ga shugabannin ƙasashen waje da kuma aiki kan dangantakar Isra'ila da Falasdinu.  A cikin shekarar 1966, an zaɓi Berrah zuwa Cibiyar Kimiyya ta New York.  Berrah ya mutu a ranar 4 ga watan Maris, 2011, a Miami, Florida. 

## Manazarta
Kogin Burke (New South Wales)

**Kogin Burke**, mashigar ruwana hakika  wanda wani yanki ne na kogin Nepean,yana cikin tsaunukan Kudancin New South Wales,Wanda yake yankinOstiraliya.

Kogin Burke ya tashi a kan gangaren yammacin Macquarie Pass, a ƙarƙashin Dutsen Murray,kuma yana gudana gabaɗaya zuwa arewa, kafin ya kai ga haɗuwa da Kogin Nepean, kamar yadda tafkin Nepean ya kama shi. Kogin ya gangaro  sama da  hakika. 

Kogin yana gudana a cikin Ramin Rarraba Ruwa na Greater Sydney. 

## Duba kuma
 

* Jerin rafukan New South Wales (A-K)
* Jerin rafukan Ostiraliya
* Kogin New South Wales

## Nassoshi
Nabila Aghanim

**Nabila Aghanim** masaniyar ilimin sararin samaniya ƴar ƙasar Aljeriya ce wacce bincikenta ya shafi fassarar yanayin microwave na sararin samaniya da hasken da yake haskakawa akan samuwar galaxy da juyin halitta, da tsarin filaye na galaxy da matsakaici mai zafi. Ta yi aiki a Faransa a matsayin darektar bincike na Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Faransa (CNRS), da ke haɗe da Institut d'astrophysique spatiale a Jami'ar Paris-Saclay.

## Ilimi da aiki
Aghanim asalinta daga Algiers ne. Bayan kammala karatun Diplôme d'études supérieures a Aljeriya,  a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha Houari Boumediene,  ta tafi Faransa don binciken digiri na uku a fannin ilimin taurari a Jami'ar Paris Diderot.  Ita ce a shekarar 1996 dissertation, *Contribution a l'etude des anisotropies secondaires du fond de rayonnement cosmologique*, Jean-Loup Puget ne ta jagoranta. 

An yanke binciken Aghanim na gaba da digiri a Jami'ar California, Berkeley bayan watanni shida da wahala wajen samun bizar zama a Amurka na tsawon lokaci, saboda yakin basasar Algeria. Maimakon haka, bayan ta ci gaba da bincikenta a Cibiyar Nazarin Sararin Samaniya ta ƙasa a Faransa,  ta zama mai binciken CNRS a shekarar 1999.   An kara mata girma zuwa darektar bincike a shekarar 2010.  A cikin shekarar 2016, an naɗa ta a matsayin darekta na  na Jami'ar Paris-Saclay.

## Karramawa
Aghanim ta sami lambar yabo ta CNRS ta Bronze a cikin shekarar 2005,  da Silver Medal  na CNRS a cikin shekarar 2017.   Ita ce ta lashe  2022 na Kwalejin Kimiyya na Faransa. 

## Manazarta
Agnes Inglis

**Agnes Inglis** (1870 &#x2013; 1952) ɗan Detroit ne,haifaffiyaranarchist ce wanda ta zama babban masaniyar ƙirar Labadie a Jami'ar Michigan .

## Rayuwar farko

An haifi Agnes Inglis a ranar 3 ga Disamba, 1870,a Detroit,Michigan,ga Agnes (née Lambie)da Richard Inglis. Dukan iyayenta sun fito ne daga Scotland.Mahaifinta likita ne.Ita ce ƙaramin yaro a cikin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, dangin addini,kuma ta yi karatu a makarantar 'yan mata ta Massachusetts.Mahaifinta ya mutu a shekara ta 1874,'yar'uwarta ta mutu daga ciwon daji bayan wani lokaci,kuma mahaifiyarta ta rasu a 1899 kafin Inglis ya cika shekaru talatin.

Bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarta, Inglis ta yi karatun tarihi da wallafe-wallafe a Jami'ar Michigan,tana samun izini daga danginta.Ta bar jami'a kafin ta kammala karatunta,kuma ta yi shekaru da yawa a matsayin ma'aikacin zamantakewa a Chicago's Hull House,Gidan Gidan Gida na Franklin Street a Detroit,da YWCA a Ann Arbor.Yayin da take aiki a cikin waɗannan saitunan,ta kasance mai tausayi ga yanayin ma'aikatan bakin haure a Amurka,daga ƙarshe ta haɓaka ƙwaƙƙwaran siyasa daga abubuwan da suka faru.

A cikin 1915 Inglis ya sadu da abokantaka Emma Goldman,kuma jim kadan bayan haka,mai son Goldman da abokinsa Alexander Berkman.Ta ƙara ayyukanta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi tare da farkon yakin duniya na 1,kuma ta yi amfani da yawancin lokacinta da kuɗin danginta don tallafin shari'a, musamman a lokacin Red Scare na 1919 &#x2013; 1920. 

## Tarin Labadie
Ta yi abokantaka da Joseph Labadie kuma a cikin 1924 ta gano kayan da ke kan ƙungiyoyi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da ya ba da gudummawa ga Jami'ar Michigan a 1911 ba a kula da su ba. Tarin ya kasance ba a sarrafa shi ba, an ajiye shi a cikin kejin kulle.Ta fara aikin sa kai na cikakken lokaci,tana tsarawa a hankali da kuma tsara abubuwan da za a fi sani da Tarin Labadie . Gudunmawarta ga tarin sun kasance na musamman. Ta yi amfani da hanyoyin da ba na al'ada ba wajen tsara tarin.A kan katunan kasida, ana ƙara ra'ayoyin sirri a wasu lokuta zuwa bayanan littafi game da abubuwan.

Bayan ƴan shekaru,Inglis da Labadie sun aika da wasiƙu zuwa ga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi 400 suna neman gudumawa kan abubuwan da suka faru da su da kuma ƙoƙarin shiryawa.Yayin da martanin farko ya yi rauni,a cikin shekaru 28 masu zuwa,masu adawa da mulkin za su ba da gudummawar ɗimbin ɗimbin wallafe-wallafe, rubuce-rubuce,da kayan tarihi ga tarin ta.Waɗannan sun haɗa da takaddun Roger Baldwin,Elizabeth Gurley Flynn,da Ralph Chaplin.Ta kuma taimaka wa mutane da yawa a cikin bincike da wallafe-wallafe, irin su Henry David tare da The Haymarket Tragedy da James J.Martin tare da Man Against the State. An san aikin Inglis a duk faɗin Amurka,kuma bayan da yawa masu adawa da mulkin sun mutu shekaru da yawa bayan haka,danginsu za su ba da gudummawar tarin su ga Tarin Labadie. An yi kiyasin cewa kokarin da ta yi ya kara girman tarin asali da kusan ninki ashirin.
Adelaide Underhill

**Adelaide Underhill** (1860-Afrilu 24,1936) ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu ne na Amurka. An ɗauke ta aiki don kasida da sabunta tsarin kundin kundin a cikin ɗakin karatu na Kwalejin Vassar.Ta yi amfani da Tsarin Dewey Decimal System kuma, tare da taimako daga abokiyar rayuwarta,Lucy Maynard Salmon,ta gina Vassar's a cikin ɗayan mafi kyawun tarin tarin kwalejojin fasaha na sassaucin ra'ayi a lokacin.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Underhill a Brooklyn kuma daga baya ya zauna a Skaneateles, New York.Underhill ya sauke karatu daga Kwalejin Vassar a 1888.A Vassar,ta kasance ɗalibi na Lucy Maynard Salmon kuma ta burge malaminta sosai.Salmon zai zama "abokin zamanta na rayuwa."

Underhill ta sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Columbia a inda ta karanta kimiyyar laburare kuma ta kammala karatunta a 1890.A cikin 1892,ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu na Vassar,Frances A. Wood,ya hayar Underhill don ƙirƙirar "tsarin ɗakin karatu na zamani" don kwalejin.Underhill ta ƙididdige tarin ƙarar 15,000 galibi a kanta,ta amfani da Tsarin Dewey Decimal.Tare da taimako daga Salmon kuma tare da aikin Underhill,ɗakin karatu na Vassar ya zama "daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa a tsakanin kwalejojin fasaha masu sassaucin ra'ayi."A shekara ta 1910, ta kasance Mataimakiyar Librarian na Laburare na Vassar kuma ta halarci taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Librarians a Brussels a watan Agusta na waccan shekarar.A cikin 1922,Underhill ya zama babban ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu kuma ya yi ritaya daga Vassar a 1928.Lokacin da Laburaren Tunatarwa na Thompson ya faɗaɗa a cikin 1935, ɗayan sabbin fuka-fukan an sanya wa suna Underhill.
Camilla Gryski

**Camilla Gryski** (an haife shi: Bristol, Ingila)ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu ce ta Kanada kuma mai sha'awar kirtani.Tana da digiri a Turanci, MLS,M.Ed, da Takaddar Koyarwa na Farko na Montessori.Ta yi aiki a Asibitin Toronto don Yara marasa lafiya a matsayin Clown Therapeutic.

## Kyauta
Carol Kuhlthau

**Carol Collier Kuhlthau** (an haife shi a watan Disamba 2,1937)malami ne ɗan Amurka mai ritaya,mai bincike,kuma mai magana na ƙasa da ƙasa kan koyo a ɗakunan karatu na makaranta,karantar da bayanai,da halayen neman bayanai.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a New Brunswick,New Jersey,Amurka,Kuhlthau ta sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Kean a 1959,ta kammala digiri na biyu a Librarianship a 1974 a Jami'ar Rutgers, kuma ta yi digiri na uku a Ilimi a 1983.Ta kasance a kan baiwar Laburare na Sashen Jami'ar Rutgers da Kimiyyar Bayanai fiye da shekaru 20 da Farfesa Emeritus tun daga 2006.

Kuhlthau shine wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Siyarwa ta Duniya a Laburaren Makaranta . 

## Bincike
An gabatar da shi a cikin 1991,tsarin Kuhlthau na Tsarin Binciken Bayanai (ISP) yana bayyana ji,tunani da ayyuka a matakai shida na neman bayanai.Samfurin ISP ya gabatar da cikakkiyar ƙwarewar bayanai na neman ta fuskar mutum,ya jaddada muhimmancin tasiri a cikin neman bayanai kuma ya ba da shawarar ƙa'idar rashin tabbas a matsayin tsarin ra'ayi don ɗakin karatu da sabis na bayanai.Ayyukan Kuhlthau yana daga cikin mafi yawan abin da aka ambata na ɗakin karatu da na ilimin kimiyyar bayanai da kuma ɗaya daga cikin ra'ayoyin da masu binciken kimiyyar bayanai suka fi amfani da su. wakiltar magudanar ruwa a cikin haɓaka sabbin dabaru don isar da ɗakin karatu na K-16 da ƙwarewar bayanai.

## Ilimi
Kuhlthau ta sami BS daga Jami'ar Kean a 1959,Master's in Library Science ( MLS ) daga Jami'ar Rutgers a 1974 da Doctorate dinta a Ilimi a 1983,kuma daga Jami'ar Rutgers. Kundin karatunta na digirin digirgir mai taken "Tsarin Bincike na Laburare:Nazarin Harka da Matsaloli tare da Manyan Makarantun Sakandare a Ci Gaban Matsayin Turanci Azuzuwan Yin Amfani da Ka'idar Gina ta Kelly." Ta rike mukamai da yawa na koyarwa da laburare kafin ta shiga Rutgers faculty a 1985 inda ta kwashe shekaru ashirin tana jagorantar ƙwararrun ɗakin karatu na makaranta a cikin Masters a cikin Laburare da Digiri na Digiri na Kimiyyar Watsa Labarai wanda ya zama na farko a Amurka ta *Labaran Amurka &amp;amp; Duniya. Rahoton*. A lokacin da take aiki a Rutgers an kara mata girma zuwa Farfesa II kuma ta jagoranci Sashen Kimiyyar Laburare da Labarai Ta kasance darektan kafa Cibiyar Harkokin Kimiyya ta Duniya a Makarantun Makaranta (CISSL) a Rutgers inda ta ci gaba mai ba da shawara.Littafinta *Neman Ma'ana:Hanyar Hanya zuwa Laburare da Sabis na Watsa Labarai*  babban rubutu ne a ɗakin karatu da kimiyyar bayanai a Amurka da ƙasashen waje.*Binciken Jagora: Koyo a cikin karni na 21st* (2007) 2nd Ed (2015),wanda aka rubuta tare da Leslie Maniotes da Ann Caspari,yana ba da shawarar yanayin koyo inda ɗalibai ke samun zurfin fahimta da kuma ilimin karatun bayanai da aka kafa a cikin Tsarin Neman Bayanai.Tsare-tsaren Binciken Jagora: Tsarin Bincike a Makarantarku (2012) wanda aka rubuta tare da Leslie Maniotes, PhD da Ann Caspari cikakken bayanin tsarin ƙirar koyarwa ne da ake kira Jagoran Binciken Bincike cikakken tsarin bincike na tushen koyo daga hangen koyo.

## Manazarta
Burns Creek

**Burns Creek**, mashigar ruwa na kogin Manning, yana cikin yankin Arewacin Tebur na New South Wales,wanda yake yankin Ostiraliya.

## Hakika da fasali
Burns Creek ya tashi a kan gangaren gabas na Babban  Rarraba Range,kusan  arewa maso gabas daga arewa daga yankin Dicks Hut. Kogin yana gudana gabaɗaya kudu maso gabas ta cikin dajin Enfield, sannan kudu da gabas kudu maso gabas kafin ya isa haduwarsa da kogin Rowleys,a cikin ƙasa mai nisa,kudu maso gabashin Yarrowitch. Kogin ya gangaro  sama da  hakika. 

## Duba kuma
* Kogin New South Wales
* Jerin koguna a New South Wales (AK)
* Jerin rafukan Ostiraliya

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==
Yasmine Amhis

**Yasmine Amhis** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1982, Algiers ) kwararriyar kuma masaniyar kimiyyar lissafi 'yar ƙasar Faransa ce ta Aljeriya. A cikin shekarar 2016, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Jacques Herbrand. Ita ce jikar mawaƙin Aljeriya kuma marubuci Djoher Amhis-Ouksel. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
A cikin shekarar 1999, bayan kammala karatun sakandare a Aljeriya, Yasmine Amhis ta yi karatun digiri na farko a Faransa. Ta sami digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Paris-Sud da ke Orsay, sannan ta sami tallafin karatu a shekarar 2006 kuma ta fara aikinta a IJCLab Orsay a ƙarƙashin kulawar Marie -Hélène Schune da Jacques Lefrançois.  Aiki akan karatun ta ya gabatar da ita ga gwajin LHCb a CERN. Bayan ta sami digirin digirgir, ta koma Switzerland don yin karatun digiri na shekaru uku a École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. 

## Sana'a
A cikin shekarar 2012, ta sami matsayi na dindindin na masaniyar kimiyya a CNRS. Babban aikinta na ilimi ta wallafa  Campus France, Faransa Alumni, a cikin shekarar 2017. 

Amhis ta sadaukar da bincikenta ga batutuwan da suka shafi " bottom-quark-baryon", batutuwan da ta sake dubawa a cikin shekarar 2017  da 2022.  A cikin shekarar 2016, Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Faransa ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Jacques-Herbrand  Ganin kwarewarta da himma ga gwajin LHCb, haɗin gwiwar masana kimiyya sama da 1,000, an zaɓe ta a cikin watan Afrilu 2022 zuwa matsayi mai mahimmanci na "Mai koyar da ilimin lissafi". 

## Haɗin kai
Idan aka yi la’akari da asalinta, Amhis, ta haɗa kai da sauran masana kimiyyar lissafi daga ƙasashen Afirka zuwa ci gaban kimiyya ga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ta shiga cikin yunƙurin "Dabarun Afirka da Mahimmanci da Ilimin Kimiyya" (ASFAP)  wanda aka kafa a cikin shekarar 2020 da sauransu, Fairouz Malek da Ketevi Assamagan.  Har zuwa shekara ta 2022, ta haɗu da ƙungiyar da ke da alhakin dabarun a cikin ilimin kimiyyar particles  da astroparticle. 

## Wallafe-wallafe
Amhis ita ce marubuciya ko marubuciyar fiye da muƙaloli 600, yawancinsu suna da alaƙa da gwajin LHCb. A cikin duka waɗannan muƙaloli, an kawo  fiye da 14 sau 500 

## Kyauta
A cikin shekarar 2016, Amhis ta sami kyautar Jacques-Herbrand daga Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Faransa. 

## Manazarta
Byrrill Creek

Kogin **Byrrill Creek** rafi ne na dindindin wanda yake a yankin Arewacin Rivers a cikin jihar New South Wales,Wanda yake yankinOstiraliya. Yana da sunan iri Daya yankin na wannan sunan.

## Hakika da fasali
Byrrill Creek ya tashi a ƙasan Dutsen Bar a kan gangaren gabas na Tweed Range, kusa da Byrrill Creek,kuma yana gudana gabaɗaya arewa maso gabas, sannan gabas,kafin ya kai ga haɗuwa da Kogin Tweed kusa da Terragon. Kogin ya gangaro  sama da  hakika. 

A cikin 2007, gwamnatin tarayya ta ba da shawarar lalata kogin Rous,Kogin Oxley da Byrill Creek.  An kafa adawar cikin gida ga shirin ta hanyar *Gangamin Save the Caldera Rivers*, a kokarin hana gina madatsun ruwa da aka tsara.

## Duba kuma


* Kogin New South Wales
* Jerin rafukan New South Wales (AK)
* Jerin rafukan Ostiraliya

## Nassoshi