Madres de Ituzaingó

Las **Madres de Ituzaingó** kungiya ce ta adalci da kare muhalli da aka kafa a birnin Cordoba, Argentina. An san kungiyar da yin tambayoyi game da lafiyar tsarin samar da masana'antu, musamman na noman waken soya a Argentina da tsananin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari. Sunan Las Madres ne bayan unguwar Ituzaingó Annex, inda ake fama da rikicin muhalli.

## Asali
Unguwar Ituzaingó Annex wata unguwa ce ta gefen birnin Cordoba. Tana cikin iyakar kudu maso gabashin birnin, a cikin yankin masana'antu kuma kusa da yankunan karkara na Cordoba, a wajen Av. Circunvalación, tsakanin Hanyar Kasa ta 9 da babbar hanyar Cordoba-Pilar. An fara ɗaukarsa a matsayin unguwa ga ma'aikatan masana'antu, tun lokacin da aka kafa kamfanin Fiat a can a cikin 1950s.

A ƙarshen shekara ta 2001, ƙungiyar iyaye mata daga unguwar Ituzaingó Annex, da ke a kudu maso gabashin birnin Cordoba, sun fara ganin ƙaruwar marasa lafiya da matattu daga kamuwa da cutar kansa da kuma wasu cututtuka a yankin. Hakan ne ya zaburar da su wajen gudanar da taswirar cututtukan da mazauna unguwar ke fama da su, wadanda suka hada da ciwon daji, ciwon sanyi, nakasa haihuwa, zubar da ciki da wuri da sauransu. Taswirar al'umma ta ƙunshi wani bincike inda aka fi duba cututtuka daban-daban. A wancan binciken, sun gano cewa mafi yawan lokuta suna kusa da wuraren noma na unguwar.

Koyaya, har yanzu ba a san musabbabin cututtukan ba. Da farko, rukunin iyaye mata sun danganta cututtukan da rashin ruwan sha, wanda wani bangare ne na bukatar tarihi don inganta ababen more rayuwa da kuma tsabtace muhalli. Kungiyar uwaye ta fara shirya zanga-zanga da ayyuka don jawo hankalin makwabta da hukumomi, tare da neman shiga tsakani na Ma'aikatar Lafiya. Daga zanga-zangar kuma sun fuskanci bukatar bayyana kansu a gaban kafafen yada labarai wadanda suka rufe zanga-zangar, sun kira kansu "Uwar Ituzaingó".

A ƙarshe, uwayen sun haɗu da Raúl Montenegro, masanin ilimin halitta na Argentine kuma wanda ya kafa Gidauniyar Tsaro ta Muhalli (FUNAM), ƙungiyar muhalli a Córdoba. Godiya ga wannan lambar sadarwar, yana yiwuwa a tantance cewa ƙasan da ke kusa da maƙwabta tana da babban taro na magungunan kashe ƙwari da magungunan kashe kwari, gami da abubuwa kamar endosulfan. Matakan gurbatawar da aka samu sun yi yawa sosai fiye da waɗanda aka ba da izini, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa a tsakiyar 2002 hukumomin kiwon lafiya suka ayyana unguwar Ituzaingó a matsayin "gaggawa ta lafiya".

Dangantaka da hukumomin lardi da na birni koyaushe yana da rauni. Da farko, hukumomi sun musanta kuma sun tuhumi shaidar da uwaye da kawayensu suka gabatar. Daga nan suka nemi hana shaidun ci gaba. An sanya takunkumi don kauce wa tashin hankali, amma har yanzu ba a cika ka'idojin ba. Rashin amsawa daga hukumomin birni, lardi da na ƙasa sun tilasta wa Iyaye mata neman ƙawance a waje da iyakar yankin, wanda hakan ya haifar da kamfen ɗin "Dakatar da tashin hankali".

Baya ga zanga-zangar, Iyaye mata sun shirya yin shari'ar ta hanyar shari'a. An gudanar da shari'ar farko a cikin 2012, inda aka yanke hukunci a kan uwaye waɗanda ke ɗaukar fumigation a matsayin laifi. Koyaya, an yanke wa wadanda ake kara hukuncin daurin rai da rai. A shekarar 2020, a shari’ar ta biyu, an kori wanda ake zargi kawai, duk da shaidar da aka gabatar a karar. 

### Wadanda suka kafa
Daga cikin wadanda suka kafa sune Sofía Gatica, Marcela Ferreyra, Norma Herrera, Vita Ayllon, Julia Lindon da María Godoy.

## Manazarta