Yankin Afar

**Yankin Afar** ( / ˈɑː fɑːr / ; Afar   ; Amharic   ), wanda a da ake kira **Region 2**, jiha ce a arewa maso gabashin Habasha kuma mahaifar mutanen Afar . Babban birninta shi ne birnin Semera da aka shirya, wanda ke kan titin Awash – Assab . Tana iyaka da Eritriya daga arewa sai Djibouti ta arewa maso gabas; Har ila yau, tana da iyakokin yanki da yankunan Tigray, Amhara, Oromo da Somaliya .

Triangle na Afar, wanda yankin arewacin wanda shine Danakil Depression, wani yanki ne na Babban Rift Valley na Habasha, kuma yana arewacin yankin. Tana da matsayi mafi ƙasƙanci a Habasha kuma ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a Afirka. Kudancin yankin ya ƙunshi kwarin kogin Awash, wanda ke malalowa cikin jerin tafkunan da ke kan iyakar Djibouti da Habasha . Sauran fitattun wuraren tarihi sun haɗa da dajin na Awash .

## Alkaluma
Dangane da hasashen shekarar 2017 da Hukumar Kididdiga ta Habasha (CSA) ta yi, yankin Afar na da yawan jama'a 1,812,002, wanda ya kunshi maza 991,000 da mata 821,002; Mazauna birane sun kai 346,000 na yawan jama'a, wasu 1,466,000 kuma makiyaya ne. 

Dangane da ƙidayar 2007 da Hukumar Kididdiga ta Tsakiya ta Habasha (CSA) ta gudanar, yankin Afar na da yawan jama'a 1,390,273,  wanda ya ƙunshi maza 775,117 da mata 615,156; Mazauna birane sun kai 185,135 ko kuma 13.32% na yawan jama'a, ƙarin 409,123 ko 29.43% makiyaya ne. Yana da fadin kasa kilomita murabba'i 96,707, wannan yanki yana da kiyasin yawan mutane 14.38 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. Ga daukacin yankin an kirga gidaje 247,255, wanda hakan ya haifar da matsakaita ga Yankin na mutane 5.6 zuwa gida guda, tare da mazaunan birane a matsakaicin 4, kuma mazauna karkara suna da mutane 6.

 
A kidayar da ta gabata, wadda aka gudanar a shekarar 1994, an ba da rahoton cewa yawan mutanen yankin ya kai 1,106,383, daga cikinsu 626,839 maza ne, mata 479,544; mazauna birni sun kasance 85,879 ko 7.76% na yawan jama'a.

Yawanci ana magana da harshen Afar (89.96%) a yankin kuma shine harshen aiki na jihar. Sauran harsunan da ke da yawan masu magana a cikin jihar sun haɗa da Amharic (6.83%), Tigrinnya (1.06%), Argobba (0.79%), Wolaitta (0.43%), da Oromifa (0.4%).

A cewar CSA,  , 48.57% na yawan jama'a suna samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha, wanda kashi 26.89% mazauna karkara ne, kashi 78.11% kuma birane ne.  Darajoji ga sauran alamomin gama gari da aka ruwaito na daidaitattun rayuwa ga yankin Afar   sun hada da: 67.3% na mazaunan sun fada cikin mafi ƙasƙanci dukiya quntile; Yawan karatun manya ga maza shine kashi 27% yayin da mata 15.6%; kuma adadin mace-macen jarirai a yankin ya kai 61 a cikin mace-macen jarirai 1,000, wanda bai kai matsakaicin adadin 77 a fadin kasar ba; akalla rabin wadannan mace-mace sun faru ne a watan farko na rayuwar jarirai.  A ranar 20 ga Afrilu 2007, gwamnatin yankin ta sanar da cewa ta kara yawan aikin kiwon lafiya daga kashi 34% zuwa 40%, sakamakon gina sabbin asibitocin kiwon lafiya guda 64, wanda ya kara adadin zuwa 111. 

## Siffofin ƙasa

Ciwon Afar, Erta Ale m volcano, Awash National Park, Yangudi Rassa National Park, Hadar da Aramis, sune manyan wuraren jan hankali na yankin. Maɓuɓɓugar ruwan zafi, al'adun Afara da wasannin al'adu sauran wuraren jan hankali ne.

A shekara ta 2005, an kafa wata katuwar baraka a cikin 'yan kwanaki kadan.   Rikicin ya barke ne a lokacin da dutsen mai aman wuta na Dabbahu da ke arewacin yankin ya barke. Ana tunanin fashewar wani bangare ne na tsarin da Plate din Larabawa, da Nubian Plate, da Plate na Somaliya, ke tafiya baya. Wannan sabon tsaga,  tsayi, da  mai zurfi, buɗe lokacin da lava daga dutsen mai aman wuta ya kwarara ƙarƙashin ƙasa kuma ya sanyaya ya zama  tsayi,  fadi diki cikin kwanaki.

## Muhalli
Rashin Ciwon Afar, mahadar tectonic mai sau uku, ana samunsa a cikin yankin Afar. Wannan siffar yanayin ƙasa ɗaya ce daga cikin manyan wuraren da ke aiki da volcanic a duniya. Saboda wannan aikin volcanic ƙasan baƙin ciki ya ƙunshi lava, galibi basalt.

## Noma

CSA ta kiyasta a shekara ta 2005 cewa manoma a yankin Afar na da jimillar shanu 327,370 (wanda ke wakiltar kashi 0.84% na shanun Habasha), tumaki 196,390 (1.13%), awaki 483,780 (3.73%), 200 alfadari (0.14%), 900 (0.14%), 9. 99,830 rakuma (21.85%), 38,320 kaji na kowane nau'i (0.12%), da kuma 810 kudan zuma (kasa da 0.1%). Cibiyar ta CSA ta yi kiyasin bisa wani bincike da aka yi a watan Disamba na 2003 cewa mazaunan makiyaya suna da shanu 1,990,850 (kaso 83.8% na waɗannan dabbobi a yankin a wannan shekarar), tumaki 2,303,250 (90.6%), 3,960,510 (90%), 759% (90%), 759, 759, 759, 759, 759, 759. jakuna (92.5%), 2960 alfadarai (88.6%), da dawakai 900 (100%). 

## Rashin zaman lafiya na yanki
Ya zuwa shekara ta 2012, yankin ya kasance mai saurin kwanciyar hankali, yayin da tashin hankali tsakanin Habasha da Eritrea ya kasance mai girma bayan Yakin Eritrea-Ethiopia na 1998 zuwa 2000. A ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, an kashe masu yawon bude ido biyar yayin da suke hutu a yankin. Gwamnatin Habasha ta zargi 'yan bindiga na Eritrea da alhakin harin. Gwamnatoci da yawa a duniya suna ba da shawara game da tafiya zuwa yankin Afar, suna mai da hankali kan karuwar damuwa game da tsaro.

Bugu da kari, wannan yanki ya kasance cibiyar fadace-fadacen Afara da Somaliya, saboda yawancin kananan hukumomi da gwamnati ta saka a cikin yankin na Afar.  Waɗannan sun haɗa da manyan garuruwa kamar Gadamaytu, Undufo da Adaytu inda ake gwabza faɗa tsakanin yankin Afar da sojojin yankin Somaliya.  Waɗannan tashe-tashen hankula sun yi hasarar da yawa,  kuma sun kai ga yankunan kudu maso gabas na yankin sun zama yanki mara kwanciyar hankali. 

## Burbushin ya samo

Hadar, al'umma a Afar, shine wurin da aka gano a cikin 1973-1974 na " Lucy ", ragowar kwarangwal na *[[Australopithecus afarensis]]*, na Donald Johanson na Gidan Tarihi na Tarihin Halitta na Cleveland . A ranar 5 ga Maris 2005, an sake gano wani kwarangwal, wanda aka kiyasta yana da shekaru miliyan 3.8 kuma aka ce shi ne kwarangwal hominid mafi tsufa a duniya, a yankin. Yohannes Haile-Selassie ya jagoranci tono wurin kowace shekara daga 2004 zuwa 2007.

A ranar 24 ga Maris, 2006, an ba da rahoton cewa an sami “ cikakke mai mahimmanci” a Gawis a yankin Gona.  Cranium yana bayyana azaman tsaka-tsaki tsakanin *Homo erectus* da *[[Ɗan Adam|Homo sapiens]]* .

A ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2009, masana kimiyya sun ba da rahoton cewa sun sami kwarangwal, wanda ya kai kimanin shekaru miliyan 4.4 da suka wuce. Sunan Ardi, wani nau'i ne na nau'in *Ardipithecus ramidus* . Samfurin ɗan uwa ne mai nisa na *Australopithecus afarensis*, nau'in Lucy.

A cikin Yuni 2010, an samo mafi tsohuwar shaidar kai tsaye ta kayan aikin dutse a cikin yankin Afar kuma an danganta shi da *Australopithecus afarensis* .  

A cikin 2013, ɗalibin da ya kammala karatun digiri daga Jami'ar Jihar Arizona ya gano kashin muƙamuƙi a yankin Ledi-Geraru na Afar. Masana kimiyya sun kiyasta cewa burbushin ya kasance kusan shekaru miliyan 2.8 da suka gabata, wanda shine shekaru 400,000 kafin burbushin hominid mafi tsufa na gaba ya rage. 

A cikin 2015, an gano kashin muƙamuƙi da hakora a yankin Afar. Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa kasusuwan na wani kakannin da ba a gano su ba ne. Sunan sabon nau'in *Australopithecus deyiremeda*, ma'ana "dangi na kusa" a cikin yaren Afar na asali. Jinsunan sun rayu kusan shekaru miliyan 3.5-3.3 da suka gabata, kusan lokaci guda da sauran hominins kamar *Australopithecus afarensis* . 

## Garuruwa
Akwai garuruwa 47 a yankin Afar.

## Manazarta