Yawon Buɗe Ido a Madagascar

Duk da babban damar yawon buɗe ido, **yawon buɗe ido a Madagascar** ba shi da cigaba sosai. Wuraren buɗe ido na Madagascar sun haɗa da rairayin bakin teku da nau'ikan halittu. Dabbobin namun daji da dazuzzukan tsibirin sun kasance wuraren bude ido na musamman.  Koyaya, wuraren tarihi, al'ummomin masu sana'a, da birane masu annashuwa sun sa ta zama abin fi so tare da matafiya.

## Abubuwa masu jan hankali na yawon bude ido

Kasar Madagascar ta kasance a keɓe daga ƙasar Afirka kusan shekaru miliyan 165 kuma flora da namun daji sun samo asali ne a keɓe daga wannan lokacin.  Tsibirin yana daya daga cikin yankuna mafi bambancin halitta a duniya, kuma ya shahara a duniya a matsayin wajen yawon buɗe ido na namun daji da wuraren yawon buɗe ido, yana mai da hankali kan lemurs, tsuntsaye, da orchids.  Fiye da rabin tsuntsayen da suke kiwo a tsibirin suna endemic.  Sauran nau'in na asali sun haɗa da lemur ja-ciki, da aye-aye, da indri (mafi girma nau'in lemur). 

Ɗaya daga cikin wurare mafi kyau don lura da indri shine Analamazoatra Reserve (wanda kuma aka sani da Périnet), sa'o'i hudu daga babban birnin kasar.  Kasancewar indri ya taimaka wajen sanya ajiyar Analamazoatra daya daga cikin shahararrun wuraren yawon buɗe ido na Madagascar. 

Ana iya samun wuraren tarihi a ko'ina cikin ƙasar, amma galibi a babban birni, kamar Fadar Sarauta ko Rova a Antananarivo ko tsattsarkan tsaunuka na Ambohimanga kusa, duka wuraren tarihi na Unesco da aka jera. Shahararriyar hanya daga Antananrivo zuwa Tulear a kudu ta ratsa garuruwa da yawa da aka sani da sana'ar hannu: Ambatolampy (aluminium foundry), Antsirabé (gemstones, embroidery, toys), Ambositra (marquetry), da Fianarantsoa.

## Lambobin yawon buɗe ido

'Yan yawon bude ido 312,000 sun ziyarci Madagascar a shekarar 2006. Tun daga shekarar 1990, yawan masu yawon bude ido a kasar ya karu da kashi 11% a kowace shekara. Kashi 60% na masu yawon bude ido Faransa ne,  wadanda suka fi yawa saboda alakar al'adu da tarihi tsakanin kasashen, da hanyoyin jirgin.  Mutanen da ke sha'awar tsiron ƙasa, lemurs,  tsuntsaye,  ko tarihin halitta su ma sun kasance babban ɓangare na baƙi. Wadannan baƙi sukan yi tafiya a matsayin wani ɓangare na yawon buɗe ido da kuma zama a cikin ƙasar na dogon lokaci.

A tsakiyar shekarun 1990, yawon bude ido ita ce kasa ta biyu mafi yawan samun fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje, inda ake samun dalar Amurka miliyan 50 a duk shekara.  A shekara ta 2007, gudummawar yawon buɗe ido ga GDP na Madagascar (tasirin kai tsaye da kai tsaye) an kiyasta ya kai kashi 6.3% na GDP da ayyuka 206,000 (5.1% na jimlar aikin yi). 

Masana'antar yawon bude ido ta yi mummunar barna a karshen shekara ta 2001 saboda rikicin siyasa da kuma koma bayan tattalin arziki. Yawan masu yawon bude ido a cikin shekarar 2002 ya ragu, amma daga baya masana'antar yawon shakatawa ta murmure kuma ta ci gaba da girma a hankali.  An yi rikodin mafi yawan adadin masu shigowa Madagascar a shekara ta 2008, tare da isa 375,000. Amma a shekara ta 2009 kuma, wani dogon rikicin siyasa ya shafi masu zuwa yawon bude ido. Masu yawon bude ido 255,922 ne suka sa kafa a Madagascar a shekarar 2012—har yanzu sun karu da kashi 14 cikin dari idan aka kwatanta da na shekarar 2011. Alkaluman shekarar 2013 sun sake bata rai ga bakin haure 198,816—wannan shekarar zabe ce, tare da matsalolin tsaro, musamman a Nosy-Be. Duk da haka, fannin yana ci gaba da bunƙasa cikin ƴan shekaru; A cikin shekarar 2019, 'yan yawon bude ido 486,000 sun sauka a Madagascar. 

## Ci gaban yawon shakatawa
Ana samun karuwar sha'awa a kasar a matsayin wurin yawon bude ido.  Ƙasar tana da kyawawan wurare da albarkatun al'adu don tallafawa yawon buɗe ido. Waɗannan albarkatun suna ba da damammaki da yawa don bunƙasa sha'anin yawon shakatawa da wuraren shakatawa.  Duk da bunkasuwarta, harkar yawon bude ido kadan ce. Ta yi ƙanƙanta da na tsibirin Seychelles da ke makwabtaka da Mauritius, kuma shi ne mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin tsibiran da ke Tekun Indiya. 

Gwamnatin Madagascar ta inganta yawon shakatawa a matsayin dabarun bunkasa tattalin arziki.  Sama da kashi 70% na kasar na fama da talauci, ana kallon yawon bude ido a matsayin wata hanya ta rage radadin talauci da samar da ci gaban tattalin arziki. Yawon buɗe ido a halin yanzu shi ne na biyu wajen samun kudaden waje a kasar, kuma gwamnati na fatan kara wannan kaso. Har yanzu a farkon matakan bunƙasa, akwai yuwuwar masana'antar yawon buɗe ido ta haɓaka yayin da abubuwan more rayuwa na Madagascar ke haɓaka.

Masana'antar yawon shakatawa na da manyan kalubale da dama. Balaguron balaguro da yawon buɗe ido ba su da kyau, ababen more rayuwa ba su da kyau, hanyoyin ba su da kyau sosai, balaguron jirgin sama yana da tsada kuma ba abin dogaro ba ne. Akwai ƙananan otal masu inganci, kuma kaɗan waɗanda suka dace da ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya;  Madagascar tana da otal-otal kusan 550, kusan 110 daga cikinsu an ware su a matsayin cika ka'idojin ƙasa da ƙasa. 

Air Madagascar da Air France ne suka mamaye zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, wanda ya sa farashin jiragen ya yi tsada. Matsayin ƙasar a matsayin wurin tafiya mai nisa yana ƙara haɓaka farashin. 

Daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da ke taimakawa wajen bunkasa yawon buɗe ido a Madagascar shine ma'aikatar yawon buɗe ido ta Madagascar da kuma ofishin yawon shakatawa na kasa na Madagascar. Baya ga wadannan manyan ‘yan wasa biyu a fannin yawon bude ido, an kuma sanya ofisoshin shiyya-shiyya a cikin manyan biranen kasar nan domin bayar da tasu gudummawar wajen bunkasa yawon bude ido a kowace karamar hukumarsu. Baya ga wannan, akwai hukumomin balaguro da yawa waɗanda ke tsara balaguron balaguro a cikin babban tsibiri, wanda aka fi sani da shi shine Tafiya Natura.

## Manazarta