Shafi`iyya

**Shafi'iyya**, (Larabci|شافعي | **Shāfiʿī**, ko kuma ** Shafei**) mazhaba ce daga cikin manyan Mazhabobin addinin musulunci guda hudu (4) da ake dasu, wadanda ake amfani da su wurin fayyace dukkan wani fiqhun addinin musulunci, wadanda al'ummar ahlus-sunnah ke bin tafarki akai.  Kuma Mazhaban ta samu ne sanadiyar babban Malamin nan, wato AlShaykh Imam Al-Shafi'i, shi kuwa ya kasance daya daga cikin daliban Babban malami Imam Malik, a farkon Karni na 9th. sauran Mazhabobi ukun su ne; Hanafiyya, Malikiyya da kuma Hanbaliya.

Mazhabar Shafi'iyya ita ma ta dogara ne akan Kur'ani da Hadisai ne wurin kafa hujja ko kiyasi a Shari'ar musulunci. A inda kuma aka samu wasu ayoyin Qur'ani ko a wasu Hadisai,to Mazhabar Shafi'iyya tana bin  Ijma'ine wato abinda ya kasance aka samu mafiya yawan Sahabbai ko Malaman dake a Lokacin sa suke kai. idan kuma ba a samu ijma'i ba to Mazhabar Shafi'iyya takan yi amfani da Ijtihadin Sahabban Manzon Allah, ta amfani da wanda yafi kusa da wannan mas'alar.

Mazhabar Shafi'iyya ta kasance tun a farkon addinin musulunci ita ce take da yawan mabiya, duk da cewar tazone a bayan Mazhabar Hanafiyya da Malikiyya. Amma saidai samun karfi da fadadan Daular Usmaniyya  (Ottoman Empire) sai ta rika canja duk Daular da take mulka zuwa bin Malik Hanafiyya. daya daga cikin manyan banbancin da take tsakanin Shafi‘iyya da Hanafiyya shi ne Shafi‘iyya bata yarda da IstihsanI ba a matsayin hanyar samun dokokin addinin musulunci ba, saboda hakan yadogara ne akan yarda da kuma ikon Dan Adam Malik kawai a dokan. 

Mazhabar Shafi‘iyya ana samunta a yanzu a kasashe kamar Somaliya, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, gabashin Egypt, da Swahili coast, Hijaz, Yemen, Kurdish regions of Gabas ta tsakiya, Dagestan, Chechen da Ingush da kuma yankunan Caucasus, Indonesia, Malaisiya, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Kerala da kuma yankunan gabar Indiya, Singapore, Myanmar, Thailand, Brunei, da Filifin..

## Tarihi

Mazhabar Shafi‘iyya ta yadu ta hannun dalibansa wadanda ke birnin Cairo, Makkah da Baghdad. Mazhabar ta samu karbuwa a farkon musulunci a kasashe da dama. Inda Shugaban da ke jagorantar makarantar mazhabar dake Iraqi wato Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi, dake Khorasan, da al-Juwayni da al-Iraqi Ibn al-Salah da mahaifinsa su suka hade suka yada mazhabar.

The Shafi‘i jurisprudence was adopted as the official law during the Great Seljuq Empire, Zengid dynasty, Ayyubid dynasty and later the Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo), where it saw its widest application. It was also adopted by the Kathiri state in Hadhramawt and most of rule of the  Sharif of Makkah. 

With the establishment and expansion of Ottoman Empire in West Asia and Turkic Sultanates in Central and South Asia, Shafi‘i school was replaced with Hanafi school, in part because Hanafites allowed Istihsan (juristic preference) that allowed the rulers flexibility in interpreting the religious law to their administrative preferences. The Sultanates along the littoral regions of the Horn of Africa and the Arabian peninsula adhered to the Shafi‘i school and were the primary drivers of its maritime military expansion into many Asian and East African coastal regions of the Indian Ocean, particularly from the 12th through the 18th century..

## Manazarta