Grete Prytz Kittelsen

**Grete Prytz Kittelsen** (an haife ta **Adelgunde Margrethe Prytz,** Yuni 28, 1917, Oslo,ta mutu Satumba 25, 2010, Oslo ), maƙeriyar  zinare ce Norway,mai zanen enamel, kuma Ita ce ɗaya daga cikin sanannun 'yan Norwegians a cikin ƙungiyar ƙirar Scandinavian,  kuma ana kiranta da "Sarauniyar Zane ta Scandinavian".  Ta hanyar aikinta ta ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka duniya,ƙirƙira da bincike na kimiyya.Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƴan ƙwararrun ƴan ƙasar Norway waɗanda suka tsara salon ƙirar Scandinavian a zamanin bayan yaƙi kuma ita ce mafi shaharar ma'aikaciyar Norwegian na lokutan. Manufar Kittelsen ita ke samar da kyawawan abubuwan yau da kullun masu amfani ga kowa.Ta na da yalwa da iri iri.Tare da abubuwan da aka sanya mata da kayan ado ta kasance majagaba a cikin ƙira a zamanin yaƙi da kuma abin ƙira ga tsararru gaba. A yau ɓangarorin nata sun zama gumaka masu ƙira kuma ana neman abin tattarawa. 

## Kuruciya
An haifi Kittelsen a cikin 1917 a Kristiania zuwa Ingerid Juel da Jakob Prytz,wanda ta kasance maƙeriyar zinare,kuma rector na Kwalejin Kasuwanci da Masana'antu na Yaren mutanen Norway (madaidaicin taken: Kwalejin Kasa ta Kasa, Crafts da Design,yanzu Oslo National Academy of da Arts ). Ita ce 'yar'uwar Torolf Prytz jr. kuma ta zama ƙarni na biyar na kamfanin maƙeran zinare J. Tostrup  Iyalin sun kasance masu daidaitawa na duniya,kuma kamfanin tana nan tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a cikin 1832 tana da bayanan duniya. Wanda ta kafa kamfanin, Jacob Ulrich Holfeldt Tostrup,ta yi karatu a Copenhagen da St. Petersburg. Ɗansa Oluf Tostrup ta yi aiki don haɗin kai mai ma'ana tsakanin fasaha,sana'a da masana'antu, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan motsa jiki lokacin da aka kafa Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha a Oslo a 1876. Mahaifinta Yakubu Prytz shi ne darektan kamfanin iyali, wanda ya kafa Foreningen Brukskunst ( The Applied Art Association ) da kuma babban jigo na sabunta fasahar Norwegian da zane a zamanin tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe.Gidan Prytz' da Juel sau da yawa ta kasance gida ga ɗalibai da malamai na ƙasashen waje na makarantar, ciki har da Alvar Aalto da Gregor Paulsson. Paulsson ta tsara kalmar "vackrare vardagsvara", wanda ke fassara kai tsaye zuwa "mafi kyawun samfuran yau da kullun". Maganar ta zama taken ga ƙungiyoyin Nordic masu amfani da fasaha.

Bayan samun examen artium a 1935, Kittelsen ta fara karatun maƙeriyar zinare a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Ƙasa,Crafts da Zane.Ta sami difloma a 1941,bayan haka ta yi aiki da J. Tostrup l.

A cikin Afrilun 1945 ta auri Arne Korsmo, m kuma farfesa a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Norwegian. Sun rabu bayan shekaru 15. 

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu dole ne ta gudu zuwa Stockholm saboda aikinta na karkashin kasa.A wurin ita da mijinta, Arne Korsmo, sun saba da gine-ginen Danish Jørn da Lis Utzon, kuma sun kulla abota na tsawon rayuwa.

## Shekaru bayan yakin
Bayan yakin duniya na biyu Kittelsen ta koma Oslo kuma ta yi aiki da kasuwancin iyali.Ta tsara ayyuka da yawa na azurfa, enamel vitreous da robobi,wani lokaci tare da mijinta,Arne Korsmo. Kittelsen ta fara yin amfani da manyan hanyoyin masana'antu da masu zanen masana'antu ke amfani da su.  A matsayin mai karɓar kyautar Fulbright, Kittelsen ta zauna a Amurka a cikin 1949 da 1950,inda ta yi karatu a Cibiyar Zane ta IIT.  Kittelsen da mijinta,Arne Korsmo,sun yi tafiya a cikin Amurka da Mexico kuma sun sadu da wasu masu zane-zane,irin su Frank Lloyd Wright, Ray da Charles Eames, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Walter Gropius, James Prestini,da Edgar Kaufmann Jr., wanda shi ne darektan Sashen Zane-zane na Masana'antu a Gidan Tarihi na Art Modern (MOMA) a Birnin New York.Edgar Kaufmann Jr. ta ziyarci Norway shekara guda kafin tafiye-tafiyen Kittelson a Amurka, sannan Kittelsen ta nuna masa faranti. LDaga baya an nuna farantin a MoMA.Ta hanyar tafiye-tafiyensu, Kittelsen da mijinta sun sami hanyar sadarwa wanda ya ƙunshi manyan mashahuran lokacin. Wannan ya ba da damar nuna baje kolin Form na Amurka da kuma shirya taron karawa juna sani a zane-zane na masana'antu a Cibiyar Nazarin Fasaha, Sana'a da Zane ta Kasa tare da malamai daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Illinois.Taron karawa juna sani ya kasance mai ban sha'awa don sabunta abubuwan da ke ciki da hanyoyin ilmantarwa na makarantar.

Daga 1954 zuwa 1957 ta shiga cikin nunin "Design in Scandinavia", wanda aka nuna a wurare da dama a Amurka da Kanada.  Kusa da ƙarshen 50s, samfuranta, waɗanda Hadeland Glassverk da Cathrineholm suka ƙera, galibi ana samun su a gidajen Norwegian.  "Sensasjonskasserollen" (lit. *The sensation casserole* ) ta samu nasara musamman, tare da sayar da raka'a 150,000 a cikin 1964.  Yawancin zane-zanen nata sun sami wahayi ne daga fasahar Amurkawa, masu bayyanannun launuka masu haske da siffofi masu sauƙi.  Kittelsen kuma ta ƙera kayan ado na yau da kullun, marasa tsada waɗanda aka yi da azurfa da enamel mai ɗanɗano. 

Ziyarar da ta kai kasashen waje bayan ta yi balaguro a Amurka tana da nasaba da halartar nune-nune da taruka,galibi suna da alaka da shigarta a Majalisar Sana'a ta Duniya (WCC), wacce ta kasance mamba ce ta kafa kuma memba.

A 1971 ta auri Sverre (Loe) Kittelsen wanda ya mutu a 2002.

Grete Prytz Kittelsen ta mutu tana da shekaru 93 a Oslo 25 Satumba 2010. 

## Ayyuka
Bayan yakin duniya na biyu Grete Prytz Kittelsen an ba da izini don sabunta kayayyaki iri-iri a cikin kamfanin iyali Tostrup, wanda ta yi tare da haɗin gwiwar Arne Korsmo.Sun ƙirƙiri sabbin abubuwa da yawa don amfani a cikin gida waɗanda suka dace da sabbin hanyoyin samarwa da salon rayuwa na yau da kullun.Misali shine kayan yankan Korsmo daga 1954,wanda ya ƙunshi ƴan sassa kaɗan, kuma tana da sauƙin samarwa ta taimakon ƴan kayan aiki. Bugu da ƙari, ta ƙirƙira kayan ado da aka yi wahayi ta hanyar zane-zane na zamani guda. Yawancin su an ƙera su ta hanya mai ma'ana ta musamman.

A cikin 1957-1958 tare da haɗin gwiwar Paolo Venini, mai shi kuma darekta na Venini Glassworks a Murano ta haɓaka kayan ado a cikin gilashi da azurfa waɗanda ake la'akari da su a cikin manyan ayyukanta.

Daga karshen shekarun 1950 ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zanen masana'antar Cathrineholm a Halden.Sun gina tarin abubuwa a cikin ƙarfe wanda ya shahara sosai.

Bugu da ƙari, Prytz Kittelsen ta kasance mai aiki a cikin binciken kimiyya.A cikin 1950 ta ƙaddamar da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Cibiyar Bincike ta Tsakiya a Jami'ar Oslo da Hadeland Glasswork don haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan enamel masu araha.Gwaje-gwajenta a cikin tsari, fasaha da kayan aiki sun zama nau'in bincike na fasaha da aiki.

## Tasiri da girmamawa
Grete Prytz Kittelsen ta girma tare da manufofin motsin ƙirar zamani,inda ta kamata a samar da abubuwa masu sauƙi da kyau na yau da kullum ga kowa da kowa. Wannan,tare da ƙaƙƙarfan sha'awar fasaha da fasaha mai amfani,ta zama mahimmancin aikinta. Dukansu na fasaha da kuma a hukumance an siffanta su da iya gwaji da zamani wanda ta sanya su asali har ma a yanayin duniya.

A matsayinta na ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu fasaha na ƙungiyar ƙira ta Scandinavian, Kittelsen ta sami kyautuka da yawa a cikin 1950s,gami da Kyautar Lunning a cikin 1952.A yunƙurin Grete Prytz Kittelsen Norway an wakilta a karon farko a cikin Trendsetting Triennale di Milano a 1954.Anan aka ba ta lambar yabo ta Grand Prix a kan babban tire na azurfa. Daga baya ta sami lambar yabo da yawa a Triennale.

An yi Kittelsen a Knight, First Class, na Royal Norwegian Order na St. Olav a 1986.  A cikin 2008 an girmama ta tare da babban nuni a cikin National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design, tana nuna 360 na ayyukanta, tare da wani littafi,*Grete Prytz Kittelsen: Emalje og zane*,wanda Gyldendal ya buga.  An ba ta lambar yabo ta Yarima Eugen a wannan shekarar. 

A cikin 2018 da yawa gine-gine da wuraren taro a Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet) an ba su sababbin sunaye. OsloMet na da al'adar sanyawa gine-ginen sunayen mutanen tarihi,kuma da farko matan da suka yi tasiri a daya ko fiye na fannonin karatu a OsloMet.An ba wa ɗayan ɗakin taro a harabar Kjeller suna "Grete Prytz Kittelsens hall", wanda ke a gidan Karethe Johnsen.

## Nassoshi