Gerontechnology

**Fasahar Gerontechnology**, wacce kuma ake kira da **[https://books.google.de/books/about/Gerotechnology.html?id=hJjSCgAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y fasahar gerotechnology,]** fanni ne na ilimi tsakanin fannoni daban-daban da kuma fannoni daban-daban na ilimin gerontology da fasaha . Dorewar al'umma mai tsufa ya dogara ne da ingancinmu wajen ƙirƙirar yanayin fasaha, gami da fasahar taimako da ƙira mai haɗaka, don rayuwa mai ƙirƙira da zaman kanta da kuma shiga cikin zamantakewa na tsofaffi a kowace yanayi na lafiya, jin daɗi da aminci. A takaice, fasahar gerontechnology ta shafi daidaita yanayin fasaha da lafiya, gidaje, motsi, sadarwa, nishaɗi, aiki da kuma halayen/halayen tsofaffi. Ana yawan gano fasahar Gerontechnology a matsayin wani ɓangare na HealthTech kuma tun daga shekarun 2010 - wanda aka fi sani da AgeTech ko Agetech a Turai da Amurka. Sakamakon bincike ya zama tushen masu zane-zane, masu gini, injiniyoyi, masana'antu, da waɗanda ke cikin sana'o'in kiwon lafiya ( masu aikin jinya, likitanci, ilimin gerontology, tsofaffi, ilimin halayyar muhalli, ilimin halayyar ci gaba, da sauransu), don samar da yanayi mafi kyau ga mafi yawan shekaru.

## Bayani
Ana ɗaukar Gerontechnology a matsayin wani abu mai taimakawa wajen inganta lafiyar ɗan adam da kuma walwalar jiki da ta motsin rai . Yana da alaƙa da ci gaban ɗan adam da tsufa da nufin rage rashin lafiya da kuma ƙara kuzari da ingancin rayuwa a tsawon rayuwar mutum. Yana ƙirƙirar mafita don faɗaɗa matakin aiki a cikin al'umma ta hanyar haɓaka shekaru masu mahimmanci da wadata a cikin shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwa, wanda hakan ke rage farashin kulawa.

Tsarin fasahar geron za a iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin ma'auni na fannoni na ayyukan ɗan adam: (1) lafiya da girman kai, gidaje da ayyukan rayuwar yau da kullun, sadarwa da shugabanci, motsi da sufuri, aiki da nishaɗi, da kuma (2) tsoma bakin fasaha ko matakan tasiri (ingantawa da gamsuwa, rigakafi da haɗin gwiwa, diyya da taimako, kulawa da tsarin kulawa). Abubuwan da ke ƙarƙashin duk waɗannan abubuwan sune binciken bincike na gabaɗaya da aka yi amfani da su bisa ga shaidu waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen haɓaka samfura da ayyuka.

Gerontechnology yana da abubuwa da yawa iri ɗaya da sauran fannoni daban-daban, kamar Fasaha ta Taimako (don diyya & taimako da layukan tsarin tallafi & kulawa na matrix), Everybodytech, Technology for All (misali Technology 4 All.org ) da Universal Design don haɓaka duk samfura da ayyuka da suka shafi fasahar geron.

## Tsarin Gerontological
Tsarin ilimin gerontology yana mai da hankali kan samar da ingantattun mafita don inganta rayuwar tsofaffi, ta hanyar ilimin gerontology da hanyoyin bincike na ƙira don samun fahimtar abubuwan da mutane ke so da buƙatunsu.

Tsarin ilimin gerontology kuma yana nufin musamman nazari da aiwatar da hanyoyin ƙirar gini waɗanda ke tallafawa tsofaffi masu amfani a cikin muhallin da aka gina. Wasu jami'o'i suna karɓar farfesoshi, waɗanda galibi ke aiki a sassan gine-gine ko ƙirar ciki, waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin nazari da koyarwa na wannan ƙwarewar ƙira. Ba wai kawai wannan ya haɗa da nazarin halayen ƙirar gini waɗanda ke shafar lafiyar tsofaffi ba, har ma yana iya haɗawa da binciken halayen ƙirar gini waɗanda ke shafar buƙatun bayanai (misali gano hanyar da mutum zai bi a cikin sarari) ko buƙatun hulɗar zamantakewa (Campbell, 2012).

Tsakanin 2008 da 2030, Singapore za ta shaida wani sauyi a tarihin yawan jama'arta. A shekarar 2005, mutum ɗaya cikin 12 mazauna yankin yana da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Nan da shekarar 2030, mutum ɗaya cikin biyar mazauna yankin zai kasance shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.  Bincike ya nuna cewa a shekarar 2002, kashi 7% na yawan jama'ar duniya suna da shekaru 65 zuwa sama. Nan da shekarar 2050, ana hasashen cewa kaso zai iya kaiwa kusan kashi 17%.  Tsufa da tasirinsa ga tattalin arziki, siyasa, ilimi da salon rayuwa ba batu ne da aka ware ba, illa dai abin damuwa ne a duniya. Kayayyaki da ayyukan da suka shafi "masana'antar azurfa" ko "kasuwar da ta girma" suna ƙara yawaita a kasuwa. Bukatar masu zane-zane masu fahimtar buƙatun tsufa waɗanda ke amfani da ilimin tsarin ƙira na gerontological suna ƙaruwa a lokaci guda.

## Ƙirƙira a fannin fasaha ta Gerontechnology
Ƙirƙirar fasaha a fannin gerontechnology ta mayar da hankali kan haɗa fasaha, ƙira, da sauran ayyukan fasaha cikin ayyukan fasaha, tare da manufar haɓaka rayuwar tsofaffi. Masu bincike a wannan fanni suna da nufin tallafawa lafiyar fahimta, lafiyar motsin rai, da kuma hulɗar zamantakewa a cikin waɗannan tsofaffi.

Wani bincike na 2023  ya yi bitar **ƙirƙirar fasahar kere-kere ta dijital (DCAIs)**, wanda ya haɗa da kiɗan kan layi, rawa, da shirye-shiryen fasahar gani da ake bayarwa ta hanyar manhajoji ko kiran bidiyo. Binciken ya gano fa'idodi da yawa na lafiya ga tsofaffi. A fannin ilimin halittar jiki, DCAIs sun goyi bayan ƙwarewar motsa jiki mai kyau da kuma haɗin kai na jiki gaba ɗaya. A fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, sun taimaka wajen rage kaɗaici, damuwa, da baƙin ciki ta hanyar yin aiki a matsayin wani nau'i na tallafin lafiyar kwakwalwa. A fannin zamantakewa, DCAIs sun haɓaka alaƙa da takwarorinsu da al'ummomi ta hanyar dandamali na dijital. A fannin fahimta, sun ƙarfafa ƙwaƙwalwa, ƙirƙira da iyawar magance matsaloli. Tsofaffi gabaɗaya suna ganin DCAIs masu yiwuwa ne kuma masu daɗi. Duk da haka, akwai kuma shinge da aka samu a cikin waɗannan fasahohin, musamman game da hanyoyin sadarwa masu rikitarwa, da batutuwan da suka shafi shekaru kamar hangen nesa, ji, da nakasa ga motsi. Binciken gabaɗaya ya gano cewa DCAIs ba wai kawai suna da kyau don amfani da nishaɗi ba, har ma sun yi aiki a matsayin kayan aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin fasahar geron, suna tallafawa nasarar tsufa ta hanyar haɓaka lafiyar jiki, fahimta, tunani, da zamantakewa.

Wani bita  ya gudanar da bita kan **fasaha ta taimaka** wa tsofaffi masu fama da ƙarancin fahimta ko ciwon hauka. Bitar ta ga fa'idodi daban-daban na lafiya. Sun jawo hankalin mahalarta a cikin yin kiɗa, bayar da labarai, da ayyukan zane-zane, suna kuma tallafawa ƙwarewar motsa jiki da kuma haɗin kai na jiki gaba ɗaya. Mahalarta wannan sun nuna ci gaba a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, kulawa da shiga cikin ayyukan yayin da kuma bayan ayyukan. Duk da cewa waɗannan ba manyan riba ba ne ko na dindindin, hanyoyin shiga sun bayyana suna taimakawa wajen kiyaye ayyukan fahimta yayin da kuma suna ƙarfafa aikin tunani. Sun kuma ba wa tsofaffi jin daɗi da motsa jiki, suna rage damuwa. A fannin zamantakewa, ayyukan sun taimaka wajen hulɗa da takwarorinsu da masu kulawa. Fasaha a cikin wannan binciken an yi ta ne musamman kuma a matakin ƙira, amma ta nuna mahimmancin ƙirƙirar fasahohi ga tsofaffi don tabbatar da amfani ga ayyukan ƙirƙira. Ta kammala da cewa fasahar da ke taimakawa fasaha ba wai kawai nishaɗi ba ce amma kuma tana aiki azaman mahimman abubuwan fasahar geron, suna haɓaka tsufa mai nasara.

Makomar ƙirar fasahar geron don ayyukan ƙirƙira ta ta'allaka ne akan ƙira mai ma'ana ga masu amfani, musamman ta hanyar hanyoyin ƙira waɗanda ke haɗa tsofaffi cikin tsarin haɓaka waɗannan fasahohin. Wani bincike da Zhao et al.  suka gudanar ya nuna cewa tsofaffi suna daraja sauƙi, kyakkyawan fata, da kuma ayyukan ƙwararru a cikin waɗannan fasahohin. Waɗannan manya suna son fasahohin da za su ba su damar yin ayyukan ƙirƙira cikin jin daɗi da sauƙi na gidajensu. Wannan yana nuna sauyawa zuwa kayan aikin ƙirƙira na gida, waɗanda aka keɓance. Tare da wannan, sabuwar fasaha da ake nazari a kai kamar gaskiya ta kama-da-wane (VR), gaskiya mai ƙara girma (AR) da basirar wucin gadi (AI) suma za su iya taimakawa wajen haɗa kai ga ƙirƙirar ga tsofaffi. Duk waɗannan sabbin fasahohin za su iya haɗuwa don ba wa tsofaffin tsararraki abubuwan da suka dace da kuma hanyoyin daidaitawa waɗanda za su iya biyan takamaiman buƙatu da abubuwan da ake so. Misali, VR zai ba da damar ɗakunan fasaha na kama-da-wane don abubuwan sha'awa kamar sassaka da zane, yayin da AI na iya taimakawa tare da tsara kiɗa har ma da ba da labari. Wannan zai sa ayyukan ƙirƙira su zama masu sauƙin samu da jan hankali. Bugu da ƙari, wannan binciken ya yi magana game da haɗakar abubuwan zamantakewa cikin fasahar geron. Manya sun yi magana game da sha'awarsu ta neman dandamali waɗanda za su ba da damar hulɗar zamantakewa da kuma gina al'umma a cikin ayyukan kirkire-kirkire. Ƙirƙirar irin waɗannan fasahohin ba wai kawai za su amfanar da kerawa ɗaya ba, har ma za su iya ƙirƙirar alaƙa tsakanin manya. Wannan zai amfanar da lafiyar tsofaffin mutane, da kuma yaƙi da kaɗaici don ƙirƙirar jin daɗin zama tare.

Makomar fasahar gerontechnology a cikin ayyukan kirkire-kirkire ta mayar da hankali ne kan haɓaka dandamali waɗanda suka haɗa kai kuma masu sauƙin amfani. Waɗannan dandamali za su ƙarfafa tsofaffi da ikon ci gaba da ayyukan kirkire-kirkire. Tare da ƙira mai mai da hankali kan masu amfani, musamman ra'ayoyi daga tsofaffi, masu zane-zane za su iya ƙirƙirar mafita ga tsofaffin tsararraki tare da VR, AR, da AI. Yin hakan zai haifar da ingantaccen jin daɗin fahimta, zamantakewa, da motsin rai.

## Littattafai
**Ƙungiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Gerontechnology (ISG)** ce ta buga wani mujalla ta ilimi ta ƙasa da ƙasa mai jinkirin buɗewa, *Gerontechnology* http://www.gerontechnology.org https://journal.gerontechnology.org/ .

An buga cikakken kundin mai taken *Gerontechnology* http://www.springerpub.com/gerontechnology-9780826128881.html  wanda Sunkyo Kwon ya gyara a shekarar 2016/2017.

## Aikace-aikace
An yi amfani da fasahar zamani (AgeTech/Agetech) don haɓaka fannoni na inshora, kula da gidaje, gidajen zama da na jinya, kula da lafiya, da kuma kula da haɗari. Ayyukan na iya samo asali ne daga masu ba da sabis daban-daban masu zaman kansu ko haɗin na'urori da ayyuka da aka kunna ta hanyar APIs masu buɗewa. Kasuwancin kasuwanci tare da ɓangaren tsufa sun haɗa da damar da ke kewaye da "Tattalin Arzikin Azurfa" - suna ba da ayyuka ga 'buƙatun' tsofaffin alƙaluma, tallafawa rayuwa mai zaman kanta - magance 'buƙatun' tsofaffin alƙaluma, tsawon rai - tsawaita rayuwa mai lafiya da ilimin kimiyyar ƙasa.

A Amurka, kamfanin Aging2.0 ya ƙaddamar a shekarar 2015 kuma tun daga lokacin ya shirya tarurruka 170, ya buɗe rassan sa-kai a ƙasashe 30 kuma ya yi rajistar kamfanoni 30 don shirin hanzartawa nasa. Daga cikin waɗannan, SingFit "yana sauƙaƙa wa kowa ya zama mai ilimin kiɗa", WalkJoy wani na'urar firikwensin da ake sawa wanda ke auna tafiya da kuma sanar da masu kula da su lokacin da wani zai iya faɗuwa. Active Protective jaka ce ta iska da ke hura iska don hana wani ya karya cinyarsa. Kuma Vynca tana rubuta burin mutum na mutuwa, don haka iyalai ba su da tabbas lokacin da lokaci ya yi. Kamfanin Honor, wanda ke haɗa tsofaffi, masu kula da su da iyalansu, kwanan nan ya tara dala miliyan 20, mafi girman kuɗi a cikin rukunin da ke tasowa zuwa yanzu. A Turai, kamfanin AgeTech Birdie da ke London ya sami dala miliyan 7 na Series A don taimakawa tsofaffi su rayu da kansu yayin da tsarin rayuwa mai zaman kansa Kraydel ya tara sama da fam miliyan 1 na tallafi na kirkire-kirkire da tallafin gwamnati don haɓaka na'urar sa mai wayo wacce ke saman talabijin, tana haɗa tsofaffi da masu kula da su ko 'yan uwansu, ta hanyar allon talabijin ɗinsu.

## Ilimi

Ajin farko na ISG Masterclass https://web.archive.org/web/20070320052817/http://www.phe.bwk.tue.nl/ISGMasterClass/Main_mclass.htm ga ɗaliban PhD a shekarar 2006 ya samar da wani shiri don tallafawa binciken fasahar gerontology.

## Duba kuma

* Gero-Informatics
* Ilimin Halittar Jijiyoyi
* Biomechatronics

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Ƙungiyar Duniya don Fasahar Gerontechnology (ISG)  Archived  
* Ƙungiyar tattaunawa ta LinkedIn ta hukuma ta ISG
* Fasahar Gero
* Tsufa da Fasaha Mai Sauƙi
* MIT AgeLab
* Cibiyar Fasahar Ayyukan Tsufa (CAST)
* IMIA Working Group on Smart Homes and Ambient Assisted Living
* Ƙungiyar Gerontological Society of America: Ƙungiyar Masu Ba da Sha'awa Kan Fasaha da Tsufa
* Shirin Rayuwa Mai Aiki da Taimako
* Archived Shirin Gero-informatics na Jami'ar Indiana   
* GGT Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gerontotechnik - GGT Jamusanci na Gerontechnology
* Shirin bincike na FIK wanda Tecnalia Research & Innovation ta aiwatar
* Cibiyar Bincike ta Fasaha don Kula da Dogara da Rayuwa Mai Zaman Kanta (CETpD) wacce UPC da Asibitin Fundació Comarcal Sant Antoni Abat suka kafa.
* Gerontechnologie.net Shafin yanar gizo na Faransa game da Gerontechnology.