Bude kona sharar gida

**Buɗe kona shara** hanya ce ta zubar da shara ko shara. Hanya ce ta zubar da shara da ake amfani da ita a duniya, amma galibi ana amfani da ita a ƙasashe masu ƙanƙanta da masu matsakaicin kuɗi waɗanda ba su da isassun kayan aikin zubar da shara. Gwamnatoci da cibiyoyi da dama sun bayyana kona sharar a fili a matsayin babban abin da ke taimakawa wajen fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli. Hakanan yana haifar da haɗarin lafiya tare da hadaddiyar giyar gurɓataccen iska wanda galibi ana ƙirƙira lokacin da aka ƙone sharar gida a cikin buɗaɗɗen iska.

A COP26 bude sharar da aka taso a matsayin babban mai ba da gudummawa ga sauyin yanayi. Yana samar da nau'ikan gurɓataccen yanayi da suka haɗa da gurɓataccen yanayi na gajeriyar rayuwa (SLCPs), kamar baƙin carbon (BC). Fitarwar BC babban tushen ɓarkewar kwayoyin halitta ne, tare da tasirin canjin yanayi har zuwa 5,000 fiye da CO2.

## Fage
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta nuna damuwa game da adadin bakar carbon da methane da ake samu daga konewa a fili a matsayin hanyar zubar da shara. Yawancin birane da yankuna suna fama da gurɓataccen iska da ƙarancin ingancin iska sakamakon buɗewar sharar gida.

Ya zama ruwan dare ga yawancin iskar gas masu guba da ke fitowa cikin sararin samaniya sakamakon buɗaɗɗen konewar sharar gida. Za su iya haɗawa da POMs, PAHs, VOCs kamar fursunoni; karafa masu nauyi kamar arsenic, mercury da gubar; carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, hydrochloric acid, dioxins, da PCBs. "Wasu daga cikin wadannan gurbatacciyar iska kuma za su iya shiga cikin tokar da aka bari ta hanyar kona datti a fili". Binciken da masu bincike daga kwalejojin King's da na Landan suka gudanar sun nuna cewa kona polystyrene da polyethylene terephthalate suna samar da adadi mai yawa na soot. Dukansu suna da yawa a cikin kwalabe na ruwa.

A cewar Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Kasa ta Wisconsin, "kona duk wani abu a waje na iya haifar da gobarar daji ... Konewar tarkace shine abu na farko da ke haifar da gobarar daji a Wisconsin kuma tana da adadin dubban kadada na gandun daji da ba da gangan ba, kuma daruruwan gine-gine suna barazana kowace shekara".

Taron sauyin yanayi na COP26 ya gudanar da wani taron gefen hukuma wanda ya mayar da hankali kan wayar da kan jama'a game da bude kona sharar gida A watan Satumban 2022, an cimma yarjejeniya kan rage kona sharar gida a Afirka a taro na 18 na taron ministocin muhalli na Afirka (AMCEN). Taron ya karbi bakuncin wakilai daga kasashen Afirka 54.

## Dorewa da tasiri
Rage ƙonawa a buɗe yana iya canza gurɓataccen iska a cikin yanki, don haka yana da tasiri ga lafiyar ɗan adam a wannan yanki. Binciken Duniya kan Amintaccen Ƙarshen Rayuwar Injiniya ya ba da shawarar cewa aikin zubar da jini ya yi tasiri ga lafiyar miliyoyin mutane a duk duniya, tare da ƙone kusan tan biliyan ɗaya a duk duniya a kowace shekara.

A wani taron koli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a shekarar 2022, tawagar ta mayar da hankali ne kan samar da ayyukan yi a matsayin mafita daya tilo don kawar da al'adar kona sharar gida a fili, wato a Afirka.[2] Kusan kashi 80 cikin 100 na sharar da ake samarwa a biranen Afirka ana iya sake yin amfani da su, tare da kiyasin darajar dala biliyan 8 a kowace shekara. Cibiyoyi da dama na kallon wannan a matsayin wata dama ta samar da ayyukan yi, tare da inganta kiwon lafiya da iska a nahiyar.

EngineeringX ta samar da rahoto kan kona sharar gida a Afirka a cikin 2022, inda ta tattauna duka kalubale da dama. An kuma shirya gudanar da taron hadin gwiwar masu ruwa da tsaki a COP28 da nufin kawo karshen kona sharar gida a Afirka nan da shekarar 2040.

## Manazarta

## Manazarta