Lapstone Zig Zag

**Lapstone Zig Zag**  layin dogo ne mai siffar zig zag da aka gina tsakanin tashoshin Emu Plains da Blaxland a kan Babban Layin Yamma na New South Wales a Ostiraliya . An gina shi tsakanin 1863 da 1865 don shawo kan hawan da ba za a iya jurewa ba a gefen gabashin Blue Mountains,   zig zag da Knapsack Viaduct da ke da alaƙa, wani bututun dutse mai siffar yashi, John Whitton, Injiniyan da ke Kula da Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Gwamnatin New South Wales, ne ya tsara shi, kuma William Watkins ne ya gina shi. An saka zig zag ɗin a cikin rajistar gado na gwamnatin Blue Mountains a ranar 27 ga Disamba 1991;  yayin da aka sanya Knapsack Viaduct da ke kusa da shi a cikin Bayanan Tarihi na New South Wales a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1999.  Lapstone Zig Zag shi ne Zig Zag na farko da aka gina a duniya a kan kowace babbar hanyar jirgin ƙasa. 

Matsayin da aka yanke hukunci ya riga ya yi tsauri sosai a 1 cikin 33 (3%).  Wani daga cikin shirye-shiryen farko shi ne gina dukkan layin da ke fadin Blue Mountains a kan wata hanya daban ta cikin Grose Valley tare da  ramin karkashin kasa, amma wannan ya wuce albarkatun mulkin mallaka na New South Wales a lokacin.  Hanyar ta haɗa da Knapsack Viaduct da kuma tashar Lucasville da aka yi watsi da ita daga baya, wadda aka buɗe a 1877. 

Zig zag ya rufe a shekarar 1892 lokacin da aka karkatar da layin Main Western ta hanyar Glenbrook Deviation sannan daga baya aka sake amfani da sassan layin a matsayin Great Western Highway, sannan daga baya aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin hanyar tafiya.

## Tarihi

### ƙarni na sha tara
An bai wa William Watkins kwangilar gina wannan layin dogo daga Penrith har zuwa Valley Heights, wanda ya haɗa da gina Knapsack Viaduct da Lapstone Zig Zag a watan Maris na 1863 amma an kammala shi watanni goma sha takwas bayan lokacin da aka tsara a watan Disamba na 1865. An buɗe shi don zirga-zirga a shekarar 1867.

Da zarar jirgin ƙasan da ke tafiya zuwa yamma ya ketare hanyar Knapsack, sai ya shiga hanyar ƙasa ta Zig Zag. Akwai wuraren da hanyar Tsakiya ta yi ta juyawa baya da sauri zuwa sama don samar da tsakiyar hanyar Z. Bayan wuraren, hanyar Bottom ta ƙara  zuwa wani wuri da ba a iya kaiwa ba. A wannan yanki ne jirgin ya tsaya kafin ya juya alkiblar hawa Titin Tsakiya. Haka nan a mahadar Titin Tsakiya da Titin Sama, Titin Top ya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa wuraren da ke gefen Knapsack Gorge. A nan jirgin ya sake juyawa alkiblar don ci gaba da tafiya a kan tsaunukan Blue Mountains. An kammala tashar Lucasville a shekarar 1877 a sashen fadada Titin Top. A shekarar 1886, an sake gyara layin fadada Titin Top tare da sabon layi mai layi daya, mai gangara mai tsayi zuwa yamma. Layukan biyu na fadada Titin Top suna da sauƙin karantawa. 

Layin hanyar (wanda yanzu ba shi da layin dogo) yana ratsawa ta cikin duwatsun da aka sassaka da kyau a kan hanyar da aka saba bi a kan titin Top daga titin Knapsack da Skarratt Park. Akwai magudanar ruwa mai kyau a kudancin dandalin Lucasville. An gina tashar Lucasville a shekarar 1877 ga Ministan Ma'adinai, John Lucas wanda ke da gidan hutu a kusa.  Magudanar ruwa, wacce har yanzu tana aiki, tana amfani da hanyar yanke dutse a gefen yamma don karkatar da ruwan da ke kwarara a ƙarƙashin hanyar a cikin wani murabba'in hanya da aka gina da tubalan dutse. Daga nan ruwan zai gangara zuwa wani babban rami zuwa gabas.  A yammacin Titin Upper akwai jerin bangon bene mai ƙarancin dutse wanda wataƙila ya nuna iyaka tsakanin yankin Lucasville da layin dogo. Zig Zag galibi yana kewaye da daji, yana da kyawawan ra'ayoyi a gabas zuwa Sydney. Wurin yana ba da kyakkyawan yanayin tafiya ta ƙarni na sha tara a kan tsaunuka yayin da matafiyin ke shiga cikin daji. A ƙofar kudu zuwa Babban Titin Zig Zag, a ƙarshen Titin Knapsack, akwai ƙofa don hana shiga motoci. Kusa da wannan ƙofar, a gefen arewa, akwai wasu motoci huɗu da suka tsira da kuma sandunan ƙarfe, duk waɗanda suka tsira daga titin jirgin ƙasa na asali. 

Hanyar jirgin ƙasa da ke ratsa tsaunukan ta ci gaba har zuwa Wentworth Falls (wanda a lokacin ake kira "Weatherboard") a shekarar 1867  amma Lapstone Zig Zag, wanda ya haɗa da tashar Lucasville, ya fuskanci matsaloli ba da daɗewa ba: tsawon wuraren sama da wuraren ƙasa ya takaita tsawon jiragen ƙasa kuma hanya ɗaya ta nuna cewa jiragen ƙasa da ke tafiya a wasu hanyoyi dole ne su tsaya a wuraren da za su haɗu. Wurin farko da za su haɗu bayan Lapstone Zig Zag yana a Wascoe's Siding a wurin da yanzu ake kira tashar Glenbrook .

Lapstone Zig Zag shi ne farkon Zig Zag da aka gina a kan kowace babbar hanyar jirgin ƙasa a ko'ina a duniya. Tunanin da Whitton ya gina a kai ya fito ne daga layin dogo na Indiya. Abokinsa, Solomon Tredwell, a shekarar 1859 ya fara gina rabin Zig Zag (tare da layin juyawa da hanyoyin dutse) a Bhore Ghat akan layin Bombay zuwa Poona . Duk da cewa Tredwell ya mutu a shekarar 1859, matar sa ta ga rabin Zig Zag ya kammala a shekarar 1863, inda ta ɗauki ma'aikata 42,000, kuma an ba da rahoton wannan nasarar a wani lokaci a cikin *jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald* a ranar 3 ga Yuli, 1863. Whitton ya san game da cin nasarar Bhore Ghat, wanda ya haifar da matsaloli iri ɗaya da Lapstone Monocline, daga sadarwa ta sirri da ta jama'a. Yadda ya daidaita ƙwarewar Indiya zuwa cikakken Zig Zag, ya yi amfani da hanyar dutse mai kyau, mai araha, mai araha, babban aiki ne a fannin injiniyan jirgin ƙasa na duniya.  

Layin hanya ɗaya ya haifar da mummunan hatsari a Emu Plains a shekarar 1878 inda jiragen ƙasa na kaya suka yi karo da jiragen ƙasa na gabas da na yamma. 

A shekarar 1890, an gina akwatunan sigina a wurare na ƙasa da na sama na Zig Zag, wannan ya maye gurbin aikin masu amfani da lever na hannu. 

#### Bambancin ramin Glenbrook

Kwamishinan Jiragen Ƙasa, EM Eddy, ya yanke shawarar cewa ya kamata a maye gurbin ZigZag da karkacewar da ta haɗa da rami, waɗanda aka gina a kusa da 1890. An rufe tashar Lapstone Zig Zag da Lucasville a hukumance a ranar 18 ga Disamba 1892 kuma an ɗaga layukan dogo, bayan kammala karkacewar Glenbrook Tunnel.  Ba da daɗewa ba karkacewar ta fuskanci matsaloli yayin da aka gina ta a daidai matakin tsayi da Zig Zag wanda ya sa jiragen ƙasa suka zame a cikin ramin, galibi saboda ruwa yana kwarara a ƙasan ramin daga rafi da ke kusa, kuma hayaki ya zama matsala ga jiragen ƙasa masu hawa, domin ramin ba a tsara shi don fitar da hayakin ba. 

Gina ramin shine batun shahararren zanen Arthur Streeton mai suna *Fire's On* . 

## Hotunan Hotuna

Fayil:(1)Knapsack_Viaduct-3.jpg|alt=Knapsack Viaduct, detail| Knapsack Viaduct, cikakkun bayanai
Fayil:Descent_from_Siding_Lookout_to_viaduct.JPG|alt=Stairway descent to viaduct from Siding Lookout| Matakalar hawa zuwa hanyar wucewa daga Siding Lookout
Fayil:Siding_Lookout_trig_point.JPG|alt=Marker plate on trig. point, indicating distances.| Farantin alama a kan ma'aunin trig, yana nuna nisa.
Fayil:(1)Lucasville_platform_and_steps.jpg|alt=Remains of Lucasville Station and steps| Ragowar Tashar Lucasville da matakai
Fayil:Knapsack_Park_track_guide.JPG|alt=Knapsack Park guide| Jagorar Knapsack Park
Fayil:(1)Lucasville_platform_steps.JPG


## Manazarta