Henry Rawlingson Carr

**Henry Carr** (15 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1863 - 1945) malami Najeriya ne kuma mai gudanarwa. Ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun 'Yan Afirka ta Yamma a ƙarshen karni na sha tara da farkon karni na ashirin  kuma ya kasance memba na majalisa dokoki a Legas daga 1918-1924.

## Tarihi da ilimi
An haifi Henry Carr a Colony na Legas a ranar 15 ga Agusta 1863 zuwa Amuwo Carr da Rebecca Carr, 'yan gudun hijirar Saro na cire Yarbawa.[1][2][3] Amuwo Carr ya mutu a Abeokuta lokacin da Henry yana da shekaru bakwai, ya bar Rebecca Carr mai kula da ilimin matashin Henry.[3] Henry ya halarci makarantar Wesleyan, Olowogbowo don karatun firamare. Reverend T.B ne ya dauki nauyinsa. Thomas, abokin mahaifiyarsa, don halartar makarantar sakandare ta Wesleyan a Freetown, Saliyo na Burtaniya don karatun sakandare. A Saliyo, ya halarci Kwalejin Fourah Bay inda ya sami digiri na girmamawa a shekara ta 1880. Shi ne wanda ya kammala karatunsa na farko a makarantar da ya yi nasara. Daga nan ya tafi Ingila ya yi rajistar kwasa-kwasan a Lincoln's Inn, St. Mark's College, Chelsea, (Jami'ar St Mark & St John a yanzu) da kuma Royal College of Science, South Kensington. Bayan haka, ya kammala karatun digiri na B.A. a fannin lissafi da kimiyyar jiki a jami'ar Durham a 1882. A 1906 ya yi digiri na B.C.L a Lincoln's Inn kuma a wannan shekarar ya zama shugaban Diocese na yammacin Equatorial Africa.[4]. Henry Carr ya auri tsohuwar Henrietta Robbin.[5]

## Ayyuka a Yammacin Afirka
Ya koma Najeriya a shekara ta 1885 kuma ya koyar a makarantar CMS Grammar School, Legas har sai ya shiga aikin gwamnati na mulkin mallaka a 1889 a matsayin babban magatakarda a Sakatariyar da kuma mataimakin mai binciken makarantu.

An nada shi mai binciken makarantu a shekara ta 1892 (ya zama baƙar fata na farko da ya yi hakan) da kuma mataimakin sakataren mulkin mallaka na harkokin 'yan asalin ƙasar a shekara ta 1900. A Legas, Najeriya, ya ci gaba da ci gaba da yin aiki sosai a Hukumar Ilimi, yana aiki a matsayin darektan ilimi tsakanin 1906 da 1918, kuma ya zama Mazaunin mulkin mallaka na Najeriya a 1918.  Ya bayyana a matsayin baƙar fata na farko a ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya don cimma wannan matsayi. Henry Carr na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan Afirka ta Yamma a farkon karni na ashirin waɗanda suka karya shingen mulkin mallaka.

Kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, 'yan Afirka kaɗan ne suka wuce matsayin babban magatakarda a cikin mulkin mallaka. Yayinda yawan mutanen Turawa suka mutu a yammacin Afirka, yawancin baƙi sun zo ƙasar kuma sun sami mukamai na gudanarwa, yayin da jami'an mulkin mallaka suka karɓa da sauri kuma suka taimaka wajen ci gaba da ayyukansu. Duk wannan ya kara rage damar da 'yan Afirka ta Yamma ke da shi don ɗaukar ƙarin alhakin gudanarwa. Dalilan da aka bayar don iyakance ci gaban aikin 'yan Afirka a lokacin shine zargin da jami'an Burtaniya ke da shi game da halin kirki na' yan Afirka saboda wani lamari na cin hanci da rashawa a Ghana. Koyaya, wannan lamari ne guda ɗaya, kuma wasu masu sukar sun yi tambaya ko akwai mummunan dalili a bayan manufofin.

### Tarihin aiki
Dokta Henry Rawlinson Carr, BA Dunelm (1882); MA, BCL Dunelm ta hanyar jarrabawa da karatun sirri (1906); D.C.L Dunelm (1934); I.S.O (1920); O.B.E. (1929); C.B.e (1934); malamin makaranta, Legas Grammar School (1885-1889); mai binciken makarantu na Colony of Lagos (1900 da 1903-1906); babban mai binciken makantun Yammacin lardunan Kudancin Najeriya (1906-1915); Babban mai binciken lardunan Kudu (1915).

Kwamishinan (daga baya aka sake masa suna Resident) na Colony na Legas (1918-1924); memba na Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (ya yi rajista a 1909), mai ibada shugaban (Diocese of Western Equatorial) Afirka (1906-1919) da na Diocese na Legas (shugaban farko shi ne Gwamna Sir William MacGregor) na Cibiyar Nazarin Fasaha da Harafi da sauransu.

Wani memba na hukuma na Hukumar Ilimi ta Koloni da Lardin Kudancin Najeriya (1926-1945), na Kwamitin Makarantar Koloni na Legas 1913-45, na Kwamitin Masu Ba da Shawara na Kwalejin Sama, Yaba, (1934-44), na Kwaleji ta Sarauniya, Legas (1939-45), na Kwamiti na Bincike don Haraji da Haraji na Garin Legas (1929-37); na Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya (1933-44).

Baƙo kuma memba na Kwamitin Ziyarar Kurkukun Legas (1925-37), memba na Kwamiti na Gwamnonin Kwalejin Igbobi, Yaba (1937-1945), "Architect" na Kwalejin Sarakuna, Legas; mai tara littattafai, masanin ilimi mara daidaituwa, mai magana, mawaƙi, fitaccen ma'aikacin gwamnati.

## Rikici da Herbert Macaulay
Ba a san yadda mummunan ƙiyayya tsakanin Henry Carr da Herbert Macaulay ya ci gaba ba duk da haka an rubuta takaddamarsu sosai. Carr ya yi imanin cewa Macaulay ba shi da mutunci kuma yana amfani da gidan Dosunmu don amfanin kansa.[1] A cikin litattafan Carr, ya rubuta game da Macaulay "Daga cikin dukkan dodanni na mutane da aka kawo mu hulɗa da su babu wanda ya nuna basirar shaidan wannan mutumin", yana kammala cewa Macaulay "mai laushi ne kuma wawa ne mai haɗari". Carr ya ƙi gaskiyar siyasa cewa Macaulay, wanda aka hana shi shiga siyasa saboda laifin da ya yanke masa, ya kasance mai mulkin siyasa ta hanyar ikon Macaulay na NNDP.[1]

Matsayin rikici tsakanin maza biyu ya kasance mai tsanani sosai cewa a cikin 1924, Macaulay ya buga wani mummunan labari mai taken "Henry Carr Must Go". A cikin littafin tsegumi, Macaulay ya yi ƙarya cewa mahaifin Carr, Amuwo Carr ya bar matarsa ya zauna a Abeokuta a matsayin mai auren mata da yawa. Wannan ba gaskiya ba ne idan aka yi la'akari da Amuwo Carr ya mutu a Abeokuta saboda rashin lafiya kuma kusan makance ne. Babban hare-haren da Macaulay ya kai wa Carr a cikin manema labarai ya tsara ra'ayin jama'ar Lagosian game da Carr a matsayin mai jin kunya, mai nisa, da kuma nesa.

## Laburaren Henry Carr da gudummawar Carr ga ilimi a Najeriya
Kamar abokin gaba na siyasa, Herbert Macaulay, Carr ya tattara tarin littattafai masu yawa (The Henry Carr Library), jimlar 18,000 a gidansa da ake kira 'The Haven' a Tinubu Square, tsibirin Legas. Carr ya ba da izinin yara a makaranta a kusa da gidansa don samun damar ɗakin karatu mai cike da kayayyaki.

Laburaren littattafai 18,000 na Carr, a cewar Hope Rossiter, ya nuna alamun zaɓin mutum. Rossiter ya ci gaba da lura cewa Carr "ya wakilci kawai tsawo na nasarorin da wani dan Afirka na iyawa ya samu wanda a duk rayuwarsa ba shi da fa'ida ta zahiri wanda ba a samu ga kowane saurayi a Najeriya... Saboda Carr... ya yi amfani da iliminsa da al'adu masu yawa a matsayin asali kuma ba a matsayin sana'a ba, cewa shi ne, a Afirka, ya fi dacewa. " Gwamnatin Najeriya ta sayi ɗakin karatu na Carr kuma an aika tarin littattafai 18,000 zuwa Kwalejin Jami'ar, Ibadan (wanda daga baya zai zama Jami'ar Ibadan), ya kafa ɗakin karatu na tushe a wannan ma'aikatar.

Carr ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa Kwalejin King's Legas . A matsayinsa na mukaddashin Darakta na Ilimi tare da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Burtaniya a Najeriya, Carr ya shawarci Gwamna Walter Egerton kan shirin ilimi da za a aiwatar a Kwalejin King's Legas kuma ya shawo kan Hukumar Ilimi ta London cewa ma'aikatar tana da mahimmanci ga ci gaban Najeriya.

## Manazarta