open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Masarautar Sennar

**Funj Sultanate** wacce kuma aka fi sani da **Funjistan**, **Sultanate of Sennar** (bayan babban birninta Sennar) ko kuma **Blue Sultanate** saboda al'adar Sudan ta gargajiya na kiran baƙar fata launin shuɗi  ( )  masarauta ce a kasar Sudan a yanzu, tana a arewa maso yammacin Eritrea da yammacin Habasha. An kafa ta a cikin shekarar 1504 ta mutanen Funj, ta musulunta da sauri, kodayake wannan rungumar ta kasance kawai. Har zuwa lokacin da Musulunci ya sami karbuwa a ƙarni na 18, kasar ta kasance "daular Afirka tare da facade na musulmi".  Ta kai kololuwarta a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17, amma ta ƙi kuma a ƙarshe ta faɗi a cikin ƙarni na 18th da 19th. A cikin shekarar 1821, Sultan na ƙarshe, wanda ikonsa ya ragu sosai, ya mika wuya ga mamayar Masar ta Ottoman ba tare da faɗa ba. 

## Tarihi

### Asali

Kirista Nubia, wanda sarakunan Makuria da Alodia suka wakilta, sun fara raguwa daga ƙarni na 12.  A shekara ta 1365 Makuria ta kusan rugujewa kuma an rage ta zuwa ƙaramar masarauta da aka keɓe ga Lower Nubia, har zuwa ƙarshe ta ɓace  Bayan shekaru 150.  Makomar Alodia ba ta da kyau.  An ba da shawarar cewa ta ruguje tun a farkon ƙarni na 12 ko kuma jim kadan bayan haka, kamar yadda ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi ya nuna cewa a wannan lokacin, Soba ta daina amfani da ita a matsayin babban birninta.  A ƙarni na 13 tsakiyar Sudan kamar ta wargaje zuwa ƙananun kasashe daban-daban.  Tsakanin ƙarni na 14 zuwa 15, ƙabilun Badawiyya sun mamaye Sudan.  A cikin karni na 15 ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan Badawiyya, waɗanda al'adun Sudan suke kira Abdallah Jammah, an rubuta cewa ya kafa tarayyar ƙabilun kuma daga baya ya lalata abin da ya rage na Alodia. A farkon ƙarni na 16 ne tarayyar Abdallah ta afkawa wasu mahara daga kudu, a Funj. 

Har yanzu ana takaddama kan kabilanci na Funj. Na farko da na biyu daga cikin fitattun ka'idoji uku sun nuna cewa ko dai Nubians ne ko kuma Shilluk, yayin da, bisa ga ka'idar ta uku, Funj ba kabila ba ne, amma ajin ne na zamantakewa.

A ƙarni na 14 wani musulmi dan kasuwan Funj mai suna al-Hajj Faraj al-Funi ya tsunduma cikin cinikin tekun maliya.  A bisa al'adar baka, Dinka, wanda ya yi hijira zuwa kogin white and  Blue Nile tun daga ɓarkewar Alodia na ƙarni na 13, ta sami rikici da Funj, wanda Dinka ya ci nasara.  A ƙarshen 15th/ farkon ƙarni na 16th Shilluk ya isa mahaɗar Sobat da White Nile, inda suka ci karo da mutane masu zaman kansu al'adun Shilluk suna magana da *Apfuny*, *Obwongo* da/ko *Dongo*, mutanen da yanzu sun daidaita da Funj. An ce sun fi Shilluk ƙwarewa, an ci su a cikin jerin munanan yaƙe-yaƙe  kuma ko dai an haɗa su ko kuma aka tura su arewa.  Farfagandar Anti-Funj daga zamanin ƙarshe na masarauta ana kiran Funj a matsayin "pagans daga white Nilu" da "Barbarians" waɗanda suka samo asali daga "primitive kudanci na farko". 

A shekara ta 1504 Funj ya ci Abdallah Jammah da yaki ya kafa Funj sultanate. 

## Manazarta
Mulkin Calontir

**Masarautar Calontir** ɗaya ce daga cikin “masarautu” ashirin, ko yankuna, na Society for Creative Anachronism (SCA),  ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa da ke sadaukar da kai don bincike da sake fasalin abubuwan tsakiyar zamanai.

**Calontir** tana cikin tsakiyar yammacin Amurka kuma ta haɗa da ƙungiyoyin SCA na gida kusan 40 a Kansas, Nebraska, Missouri, Iowa, da (yankin Fayetteville na) Arkansas.  Calontir tana da iyaka a gabas da Masarautar Tsakiya, a kudu da masarautun Gleann Abhann da Ansteorra, a yamma da Masarautar Outlands, a arewa kuma da Masarautar Northshield.

## Tarihi
Sunan Calontir da yawa sun yi imanin cewa Welsh ne da "Heartland";    duk da haka, wannan ba dai-dai ba ne. "Heartland" a matsayin kalma ɗaya a cikin Welsh zai zama "cikakke."  "heartland" kamar yadda kalmomi biyu suka fi kama da "Calontir;" an fassara shi zuwa Welsh a matsayin "tir y galon" ko "Calondir."  Bayan lokaci kuskuren ya zama gama gari. Ta fara a matsayin sarauta a cikin Masarautar Tsakiyar a cikin shekarar 1981-2 (AS XVI a cikin kalandar SCA ) kuma a ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairu, 1984  (AS XVIII) ta zama masarauta ta goma na SCA. An san sarki na farko da sarauniya na Calontir da Chepe l'Orageux da Arwyn Antaradi. 

Arms na masarautar, wanda aka yiwa rajista a watan Janairun shekarar 1984, sune: *Purpure, cross na Calatrava, a cikin babban kambi, a cikin bordure furen laurel Ko.* 

## Duba kuma

* Ƙungiyar Ƙirƙirar Ayyukan Anachronism
* SCA nauyi fama
* Masarautar Yamma
* Masarautar Lochac
* Masarautar Kasashen waje

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Gidan yanar gizon hukuma na Masarautar Calontir
* Tarihin Calontir na memba na SCA Master Crag Duggan
* Geography of Calontir ( PDF ) jeri na wuraren ƙungiyoyin gida a cikin Calontir
* Taswirar Calontir ( PDF ) (na Modar)
* Lilies War XXVII (2013)

## Manazarta
Masarautar Zimbabwe

**Masarautar Zimbabwe** (c. 1220–1450) ta kasance daular Shona (Karanga) ta tsakiya wacce take a Zimbabwe ta zamani. Babban birninta, shine *Masvingo* na yau (ma'ana garu), wanda akafi kira *Great Zimbabwe*, shine tsarin dutse mafi girma a Kudancin Afirka na mulkin mallaka. Wannan masarauta ta samo asali ne bayan rugujewar Masarautar Mapungubwe.

## Suna
Sunan "Zimbabwe" ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Shona na Great Zimbabwe, birni na tsakiya a kudu maso gabashin kasar wanda yanzu ya zama wurin kariya. Ka'idoji guda biyu daban-daban suna magana game da asalin kalmar. Majiyoyi da yawa sun ɗauka cewa "Zimbabwe" ta samo asali ne daga *dzimba-dza-mabwe*, wanda aka fassara daga yaren Karanga na Shona a matsayin "gidaje na duwatsu" (*dzimba*=jam'in *imba*, "gida"; *mabwe*=jam'in *bwe*, "dutse").    Mutanen Shona na Kalanga suna zaune a kusa da  Zimbabwe a lardin Masvingo na zamani. Masanin ilimin archaeologist Peter Garlake ya yi iƙirarin cewa "Zimbabwe" tana wakiltar wani nau'i na kwangila na *dzimba-hwe*, wanda ke nufin "gidaje masu daraja" a cikin yaren Zezuru na Shona kuma yawanci yana ambaton gidaje ko kaburbura. 

## Tarihi

### Asali

Ko da yake an kafa Masarautar Zimbabuwe a zamanin da, binciken  kayan tarihi a yankin ya nuna cewa kafa jihohi a nan ya fi dadadden tarihi. Tunanin farko sun nuna cewa a farkon ƙarni na 11, mutane daga Masarautar Mapungubwe a Kudancin Afirka sun ƙaura zuwa arewa zuwa yankin  Zimbabwe. Sabbin bincike da shaidu sun nuna cewa an mamaye babban wurin Zimbabuwe tun a shekara ta 600 miladiyya kuma birnin da Masarautar juyin halitta ne na al'adun Gumanye da Gokomere, wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna nan.

## Duba kuma

* Masarautar Buta
* Masarautar Mutapa
* Khami
* Danangombe

## Manazarta



*  
*  
*  
*  
*  
*  
*
Masarautar Kongo

**Masarautar Kongo** (Kongo     ko *Wene wa Kongo;*  Portuguese) wata masarauta ce da ke tsakiyar Afirka a arewacin Angola a yau, yankin yammacin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo,  da Jamhuriyar Kongo.  A iyakarta ta kai tun daga Tekun Atlantika a yamma zuwa kogin Kwango a gabas, daga kogin Kongo a arewa zuwa kogin Kwanza a kudu. Masarautar ta ƙunshi manyan larduna da yawa waɗanda *Manikongo* ke mulki, sigar Portuguese ta Kongo take *Mwene Kongo*, ma'ana "ubangiji ko mai mulkin Kongo", amma yanayin tasirinta ta kai ga masarautu makwabta, kamar Ngoyo, Kakongo, Loango., Ndongo da Matamba, na biyun dake cikin kasar Angola a yau. 

Daga c. 1390 zuwa 1862 kasa ce mai cin gashin kanta. Daga shekarar 1862 zuwa 1914 tana aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin vassal jihar daular Portugal.  A cikin shekarar 1914, bayan da Portugal ta murƙushe tawayen Kongo, Portugal ta soke mulkin sarautar. An maido da taken sarkin Kongo daga shekarar 1915 har zuwa 1975, a matsayin abin girmamawa ba tare da iko na gaske ba.   Sauran yankuna na masarautar sun hade cikin mulkin mallaka na Angola, Kongo Belgian da protectorate Cabinda bi da bi. Kungiyar Bundu dia Kongo ta zamani ta amince da farfado da daular ta hanyar ballewa daga Angola, Jamhuriyar Kongo, da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo.

## Tarihi
An tsara al'adun baka game da farkon tarihin ƙasar a rubuce a karon farko a ƙarshen karni na 16, kuma musamman an rubuta juzu'i dalla-dalla a tsakiyar karni na 17, sun haɗa da waɗanda 'yan mishan na Capuchin na Italiya Giovanni Cavazzi da Montecuccolo ya rubuta.  labarai game da tushe sun canza bayan lokaci, ya danganta da yanayin tarihi.

Binciken zamani game da al'adar baka, gami da yin rikodin ɗin su a rubuce ya fara ne a cikin shekarar 1910s tare da rubutawa Mpetelo Boka da Lievan Sakala Boku a Kikongo kuma 'yan  mishan Redemtorist kamar Jean Cuvelier da Joseph de Munck suka haɓaka. A cikin shekarar 1934, Cuvelier ya buga taƙaitaccen yaren Kikongo na waɗannan labarai a cikin Nkutama a mvila za makanda. Ko da yake Cuvelier da sauran malamai sun yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan labarai sun shafi farkon tarihin Kongo, yana yiwuwa sun danganta da al'adun gida na makanda musamman ga lokacin da ya biyo bayan shekaru 1750.        

## Manazarta
Daular Kaabu

**Daular Kaabu** (1537&#x2013; 1867), kuma an rubuta **Gabu**, **Ngabou**, da **N’Gabu**, wata daula ce a yankin Senegambia da ke tsakiyar yankin arewa maso gabashin Guinea-Bissau na zamani, manyan sassan Gambia na yau; Ta mamaye Koussanar, Koumpentoum, yankuna na Kudu maso Gabashin Senegal, da Casamance a Senegal. **Daular Kaabu ta** ƙunshi harsuna da dama, wato: Balanta, Jola-Fonyi, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon (Serer-Noon), Pulaar, Serer, Soninke, da Wolof. Ta yi fice a yankin saboda asalinta a matsayinta na tsohon lardin soja na daular Mali. Bayan daular Mali ta durkushe, Kaabu ta zama daula mai cin gashin kanta. Kansala, babban birnin daular Kaabu, Futa Jallon ne ya mamaye shi a lokacin jihadi na Fula na karni na 19. Sai dai kuma jihohin da suka gaji Kaabu a fadin kasar Senegambia sun ci gaba da samun bunkasuwa tun bayan faduwar Kansala; Wannan ya ci gaba har sai an haɗa sauran masarautun cikin Burtaniya ta Gambiya, Fotigal da Faransa masu tasiri a lokacin Scramble na Afirka.

## Tinkuru
Mandinka ta isa Guinea-Bissau a kusan shekara ta 1200. Daya daga cikin janar-janar na Sundiata Keita, Tirmakhan Traore, ya mamaye yankin, ya kafa sabbin garuruwa da yawa, ya kuma mai da Kaabu daya daga cikin lardin *tinkuru* na yammacin Mali, a cikin shekarun 1230. A farkon karni na 14, yawancin kasar Guinea-Bissau na karkashin ikon daular Mali ne kuma Farim Kaabu (Kwamandan Kaabu) mai biyayya ga Mansa na Mali ya mulketa. Kamar yadda a wurare da dama da aka ga ƙaura na Mandinka, yawancin al'ummar ƙasar ta Guinea-Bissau sun mamaye ko kuma sun kasance a cikin su, ana siyar da masu adawa zuwa bauta ta hanyoyin kasuwanci tsakanin Sahara zuwa masu saye Larabawa. Duk da cewa sarakunan Kaabu Mandinka ne, amma yawancin talakawansu sun fito ne daga kabilun da suka zauna a yankin tun kafin harin Mandinka. Mandinka ya zama *harshen* da ake amfani da shi don kasuwanci.

## 'Yanci
Bayan tsakiyar karni na 14, Mali ta sami koma baya sosai saboda hare-haren da Mossi ke kaiwa kudancinsu da kuma ci gaban sabuwar daular Songhai. A cikin karni na 16, Mali ta rasa yawancin lardunanta wanda bai wuce yankin tsakiyar Mandinka ba. Rikicin maye gurbin da aka yi tsakanin masu gadon sarautar Mali ya kuma raunana karfinta na rike hatta kadarorinta na tarihi a Senegal, Gambia, da Guinea-Bissau. Ba tare da sa ido na masarautu ba, waɗannan ƙasashe sun wargaje don kafa masarautu masu zaman kansu. Wanda ya fi kowa nasara kuma ya dade a cikin wadannan shi ne Kaabu, wanda ta samu ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1537. Gwamnan Kaabu, Sami Koli, ya zama shugaban Kaabu mai zaman kansa na farko. Shi jikan Tiramakhan Traore ne.

## Ƙarfafa Senegambia
Masu mulkin masarautar Kaabu sun yi imanin cewa hakkinsu na mulki ya fito ne daga tarihinsu a matsayin lardin daular. Sarakunan Kaabu masu zaman kansu sun yi watsi da sunan Farim Kaabu na Kaabu Mansaba. Daga cikin lardunan daular Kabu sun hada da amma ba'a iyakance ba Firdu, Pata, Kamako, Jimara, Patim Kibo, Patim Kanjaye, Kantora, Sedhiou, Pakane Mambura, Kiang, Kudura, Nampaio, Koumpentoum, Koussanar, Barra, Pacami da sauran su.

## Manazarta
Jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria

Jam'iyyar **National Party of Nigeria** (**NPN**) ita ce babbar jam'iyyar siyasa a Najeriya a lokacin jamhuriya ta biyu (1979-1983). 

##### Samuwar Jam'iyyar NPN
Mafarin jam’iyyar na iya kasancewa shi ne ganawar sirri da aka yi wasu lokuta tsakanin manyan shugabannin Arewacin Najeriya bayan haramta jam’iyyun siyasa a shekarar 1966 da gwamnatocin mulkin soja na Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi da Janar Yakubu Gowon suka yi. Wasu tsirarun ‘yan jam’iyyun da aka haramtawa zama a yankin Arewacin Najeriya sun fara shirin kafa jam’iyyar arewa domin shirin komawa kan tafarkin dimokuradiyya, kungiyar ta kuma tuntubi ‘yan kudancin Najeriya kan batun kafa jam’iyyar kasa ta gaskiya. Taron tsarin mulki da aka shirya a 1977 don shirya kundin tsarin mulki don sabuwar gwamnatin dimokraɗiyya, ya tabbatar da mafi kyawun hanyar da mambobin ƙungiyar da ke tasowa za su gana da tattauna tsare-tsaren yankunansu da al'ummarsu. A ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1978, aka kafa jam’iyyar National Party of Nigeria, wadda ta kunshi ‘yan majalisar wakilai, kuma Makaman Bida, tsohon dan jam’iyyar NPC ne ya jagoranta. A lokacin da aka kafa jam'iyyar, jam'iyyar ta iya zana fiye da ita na tsoffin mambobin NPC kuma ta jawo hankalin wasu 'yan siyasa na jamhuriya ta farko kamar Joseph Tarka, tsohon shugaban United Middle Belt Congress, KO Mbadiwe, wanda ya taba zama minista da kuma Remi Fani-Kayode, tsohon dan jam'iyyar NNDP. A watan Oktoban 1978, jam'iyyar ta amince da shiyya-shiyya don zabar jami'an jam'iyyar. Daga nan sai jam’iyyar ta zabi sabon shugabanta, Augustus Akinloye, dan kabilar Yarbawa kuma tsohon ministan gwamnatin Najeriya na jam’iyyar National Democratic Party a kan ‘yan takara kamar Fani Kayode, Adeyinka Adebayo da Adeleke Adedoyin. Zaben dan kudancin Najeriya ya share fagen tafiya da dan takarar shugaban kasa zuwa ginshikin jam'iyyar: jihohin Hausa-Fulani.

##### Zabe
Jam’iyyar NPN ta gabatar da ‘yan takarar manyan zabuka biyu, na 1979 da na 1983. Jam'iyyar ta lashe kujeru 36 na majalisar dattawa daga cikin kujeru 95 na majalisar dattawa da kujeru 168 daga cikin kujeru 449 na majalisar wakilai. A ranar 16 ga Agusta, 1979, an bayyana dan takarar jam'iyyar a zaben shugaban kasa, Shehu Shagari, a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben. Jam’iyyar ta kulla kawance da jam’iyyar Peoples Party ta Najeriya domin samun kuri’u mafi rinjaye a majalisar dokokin kasar, daga baya kawancen ya yi kaca-kaca da shi a shekarar 1981. Domin samun goyon bayan al'ummar Igbo, jam'iyyar ta ba da damar Odumegwu Ojukwu, jagoran Biafra ya dawo.

Moshood Abiola, wanda tsohon mamba ne a majalisar wakilan Najeriya da Kamaru (NCNC), bai samu nasarar zama shugaban jam'iyyar ko tikitin takarar shugaban kasa a jam'iyyar NPN ba, sannan ya tsaya takarar jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SDP) a zaben shugaban kasa da aka soke a shekarar 1993. zabe. Adamu Ciroma, tsohon sakataren jam’iyyar NPN, daga baya ya zama jigo a jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party.

## Tarihin zabe

### Zaben shugaban kasa

### Zaben majalisar wakilai da na dattawa

## Manazarta
AR

**AR** na iya nufin:
### Na lokaci-lokaci

* *Cikakkar Komawa + Alpha*, bugu na asusun shinge
* *The Adelaide Review*, mujallar fasaha ta Australiya
*  (mujalla), farar kishin kasa mujalla da gidan yanar gizo
* *Binciken* gine-gine, mujallar gine-ginen Birtaniya
* *Armeerundschau*, mujallar sojojin Jamus ta Gabas

* Ar, birni a duniyar almara Gor
* *ar* ƙungiyar masu fasaha da mawaƙa na kasar Poland, gami da Katarzyna Kobro
* Madadin gaskiya (rashin fahimta), dabaru daban-daban na almara

## Kasuwanci

* Ana karɓar asusu, an taƙaita su azaman AR ko A/R
* Acoustic Research, wani Ba'amurke mai ƙera kayan lantarki
* Aerojet Rocketdyne, wani kamfanin kera sararin samaniya da tsaro na Amurka
* Aerolíneas Argentinas (IATA lambar jirgin sama AR)
* Wasu samfuran motar Alfa Romeo, misali AR51
* Injin Toyota AR

## Yare

* *Ar*, harafin Latin R lokacin da aka rubuta
* Ar (cuneiform), alamar cuneiform mai hade
* Larabci, ta lambar yare ISO 639-1

## Lissafi, kimiyya, da fasaha

### Kwamfuta

* ar (Unix), tsarin ajiya na Unix da kayan aiki
* Accelerated Reader, software tantance karatun karatu
* Haƙiƙan haɓakawa, aikace-aikacen zahirin gaskiya a cikin ainihin duniya

* Androgen receptor, mai karɓan hormone na nukiliya
* Aortic regurgitation, cututtukan zuciya
* Autosomal recessive gadon gado

### Lissafi

* ar-, prefix na inverse hyperbolic ayyuka
* Samfurin autoregressive, game da matakan bazuwar a cikin ƙididdiga

### Physics da sunadarai

* Aqua regia, cakuda sinadaran
* Lambar Archimedes a cikin motsin ruwa
* Argon, alamar Ar, wani sinadari
* Ƙungiyar Aryl a cikin ilmin sunadarai
* Mass ɗin atomic na dangi, mai alamar *A* r

### Sauran amfani a kimiyya da fasaha

## Soja da makamai
Amir Magara (singer)

**Amir Magareh** (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Janairun shekarar 1374 a Tehran ) ya kuma kasance yana rubuta wakoki tun yana matashi kuma ya fara ayyukansa cikin kwarewa da zaman kansa tun daga shekarar 2013.   Ya kasance yana sha'awar rubuta waƙoƙi tun yana matashi  kuma ya rubuta wakoki masu kyau.  Hakanan, a hukumance ya fara aiki a ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Makan a cikin shekarar 2013  kuma ya sami damar kaiwa kololuwar shahara tare da babban abokinsa kuma abokin aikinsa Reham Hadian.  

## Ilimin waƙa
**Albums** 

* **Zane** (Maris 28, 1400) wanda ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi 16: 

* lemu
* Ina kewar ku
* Dariya kadan
* Gaskiya
* Ina samun motsin rai
* Ba na da kyau, kuna da kyau
* Kullin Gordian
* ya sace zuciyata
* Da ke
* ilimi
* Kamar labari ne
* kyaftin
* Iranian asalin
* Allah
* Taurari 2
* waye kai
* m ji
* tafi
* Barka da yamma
* Ni ba yaro ba ne
* je na same ku
* za ku yi soyayya
* dariya min (remix)
* yi min dariya
* mahaukaci na
* Kun kasance a wurin tsawon mintuna biyu
* Kalle ni na ɗan lokaci
* sanyin gwiwa
* Duk lokacin da wannan girbi
* ruwan sama
* wannan titi
* hauka
* Hasashen ku a kwance
* ku kasance a gefena
* gani ni
* Allah ya bani bayana
* ina so shi
* Salam

## Fim
**Tarin nunin gida**

## Manazarta
Shika

**Shika,** Gundumace da ke cikin karamar Hukumar Giwa, jihar Kaduna, a tarayyar Najeriya. Garin shika gari ne wanda yake da dimbin tarihi, kuma gari ne na ƴan Boko damasu ilimin addini, manoma, yan kasuwa, masu sana'o'in hannu daban daban da dai sauransu .
.

Akwai babbar ma'aikatar noma Irinsu National Animal Production Research Institution. (NAPRI) Garine wanda basason rigima ga temakon juna.garin shika sunada Dan Majalissa Wanda yake wakiltan giwa  Local government dinsu wato Adamu Muhammad Lawal Shika 

## Manazarta
Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022

**Wasan ƙarshe na cin kofin duniya na FIFA 2022** shine wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin duniya na 2022, gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA karo na 22. An buga wasan ne a filin wasa na Lusail Iconic da ke Lusail, Qatar, a ranar 18 ga Disamba 2022 (wanda kuma ita ce ranar kasar Qatar ). Argentina da Faransa ne suka buga wasan.

## Wuri
An buga wasan ƙarshe a filin wasa na Lusail Iconic da ke Lusail, wanda ke da  arewa da tsakiyar birnin Doha. An shirya filin wasan don karɓar baƙuncin wasan ƙarshe a matsayin wani ɓangare na neman shiga gasar cin kofin duniya na Qatar,  kuma an tabbatar da shi a matsayin filin wasan ƙarshe a ranar 15 ga Yuli 2020.  Haka kuma za a buga wasu wasanni tara da wasannin rukuni shida da kuma wasu wasannin ci ɗaya ƙwale uku a filin wasan. 

Filin wasa na Lusail Iconic, mallakar Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Qatar, an gina shi ne saboda nasarar da Qatar ta yi a gasar cin kofin duniya. Kamfanin Burtaniya Foster + Partners and Populous ne ya tsara filin wasan,  wanda MANICA Architecture ke tallafawa.  An sanyaya filin wasa ta hanyar amfani da hasken rana kuma ba zai sami sawun carbon ba.  An fara ginin a watan Afrilun 2017,  kuma ya kamata a kammala shi a cikin 2020. Amma, an dage gina filin wasan saboda cutar ta COVID-19, kuma ta ƙare a watan Nuwamba 2021.  Har yanzu ba a buga wasa ba a filin wasan. 

## Hanyar zuwa wasan ƙarshe

## Daidaita

### Cikakkun bayanai
18&nbsp;Disamba&nbsp;2022&nbsp;( 2022-12-18 ) 18:00 AST

 Filin wasa na Lusail, Lusail Ma halartan: 88,966 Alkalin wasa: Szymon Marciniak (Holan)

## Bayanan kula

## Nassoshi
Kwai

Wanih abune wanda tsuntsaye kehi 
**Kwai:** na iya nufin:

* Kwai (app), manhajar raba bidiyo ta kasar Sin,
* Kogin Kwai raguwa), koguna biyu a Tailandia
* Kwai (DC Comics)
* KWAI, rediyo,

## Duba kuma

* Harshen Kwaio
* Mutanen Kwaio
FC Aris Bonnevoie

**FC Aris Bonnevoie** kulob ne na ƙwallon ƙafa, wanda yake a birnin Luxembourg,da yake a kudancin Luxembourg . Yanzu wani yanki ne da yake  Racing FC Union Luxembourg .

## Tarihi
An kafa shi a cikin ta 1922, Aris ya kai kololuwa a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970, lokacin da ya ci kyautar azurfa kuma ya wakilci Luxembourg a gasar Turai. A cikin yanayi 42 a cikin babban jirgin, Aris ya tara sama da maki 1,100, inda ya ba shi matsayi na goma a tsakanin kungiyoyin Luxembourgian.  Duk da haka, watakila an fi tunawa da Aris saboda irin nasarorin daya samu a gasar Turai, kasancewar yana daya daga cikin 'yan tsirarun kungiyoyin Luxembourgian da suka kai zagaye na biyu a kowace gasar Turai, kuma ya zira kwallo a Camp Nou  akan Barcelona .

Aris ya daina wanzuwa a cikin 2001, lokacin daya haɗu da CS Hollerich don samar da CS Alliance 01 . A cikin 2005, Alliance 01 ya haɗu tare da wasu kungiyoyi biyu daga Luxembourg City, CA Spora Luxembourg da Union Luxembourg, don samar da Aris' zamani cikin jiki, Racing FC Union Luxembourg .

## Girmamawa

* **Ƙungiyar Ƙasa**

: Masu nasara (3): 1963–64, 1965–66, 1971–72
: Masu tsere (1): 1970–71

* **Kofin Luxembourg**

: Masu nasara (1): 1966–67
: Masu tsere (5): 1963–64, 1967–68, 1971–72, 1975–76, 1978–79

## Gasar Turai
Aris Bonnevoie ya cancanci shiga gasar UEFA ta Turai sau goma sha daya.

* **UEFA Champions League**

: Zagaye na farko (3): 1964–65, 1966–67, 1972–73

* **Gasar Cin Kofin UEFA**

: Zagaye na farko (2): 1967–68, 1976–77
: Zagaye na biyu (1): 1979–80

* **UEFA Cup**

: Zagaye na farko (4): 1962–63, 1963–64, 1971–72, 1983–84

Aris ya ci kunnen doki daya a gasar Turai, a gasar cin kofin Nasara a 1979–80. A zagaye na farko, Aris ya ci Reipas Lahti a Finland, kafin ya rasa FC Barcelona . Bugu da ƙari kuma, ga Aris, ƙungiyar ta zura kwallaye biyu a raga a wasan da suka yi da Barcelona, amma ta sha kashi a jimillar 11-2. A zagayen farko na wannan gasa shekaru uku da suka gabata, Aris ya doke Carrick Rangers na Arewacin Ireland da ci 2-1, amma ya tashi 5-2 jumulla. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, kulob din ya kuma yi kunnen doki da Linfield (shima na Arewacin Ireland), RFC Liège (na Belgium ), da ADO Den Haag (na Netherlands ), amma ya yi rashin nasara dukkan ukun.

Gabaɗaya, tarihin Aris a gasar Turai yana karantawa:

## Nassoshi
Dan Takobi Na

***Takobin Nawa*** (  ) fim ne na wasan barkwanci na 2006 na kasar Sin wanda Shang Jing ya ba da umarni. An saki fim ɗin a ranar 26 ga Janairu shekara ta, 2011. 

Wannan fim ya soki "al'adun wuxia" masu yada tashin hankali, da kuma kwaikwayo, satirici da kuma sukar abubuwan da suka faru a cikin zamantakewar lokaci.

## Yin wasan kwaikwayo

* Yan Ni 
* Yao Chen 
* Yi Sha 
* Entai Yu 
* Hongjie Ni 
* Chao Jiang 
* Jian Xiao 
* Yueli Yau 
* Lei Wang 
* Wu Ma 
* Zhang Meng

## liyafar

### Ofishin tikitoci
Fim ɗin ya sami ¥196 million RMB a ofishin akwatin kasar Sin. 

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Kukkuma

**Kukkuma** ( Hausa : ** ) ƙaramin fille ne (mai tsawon kusan cm) da ake amfani da shi a waƙar Hausa. Ƙwaƙwalwar karu ko karu, an yi na'urar ne daga ƙwanƙarar ɗanɗano da aka lulluɓe da fata, tare da wuya (sanda) wanda ke rataye gunkin, ƙasan yana fitar da gefe ɗaya don yin karu.  Ana yin sa da gashin doki ana wasa da bakan gashin doki. 

Ibrahim Na Habu ne aka fi sani da shi. Yana da alaƙa da raye-raye masu dangantaka da kiɗan yabo na roƙo kuma ana kaɗa shi shi kaɗai, ko kuma a haɗa shi da gangunan kalangu.

Ana amfani da shi don ayyukan al'ada da ke da alaƙa da al'ada da kade-kaden Bori kafin zuwan Musulunci, kodayake kuma ana iya kunna shi a cikin kiɗan duniya kuma.
 
## Nassoshi
Toky

**Toky** ƙauye ce a cikin kwarin kogin Zbruch a cikin Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast a yammacin Ukraine. Nasa ne na Skoryky rural hromada, daya daga cikin hromadas na Ukraine. 

## Tarihi
Akwai kangon waɗanda suka koma zamanin Kievan Rus' amma rubutun farko na ƙauyen bai kasance ba har sai a ranar 30 ga watan Maris 1430.  An gina ginin a ƙarshen karni na 16 ta Janusz Zbaraski (1553-1608), voivode na Bracław kuma bisa ga almara Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, "Hammer of the Cossacks" ya shafe yarintarsa a can.

Kogin ya yi iyaka ta  tsakanin daular Habsburg da Poland, ƙauyen ya fara a karni na 20 a ƙarƙashin ikon Habsburg amma sai ya zama wani yanki na Poland.  Akwai Cocin Katolika na Poland amma an rushe ta a zamanin Soviet.  An yi hasarar  Yahudawa masu yawa da girma a cikin Holocaust. 

Har zuwa a ranar 18 ga watan  Yuli 2020, Toky na Pidvolochysk Raion ne. An soke raion a cikin watan Yuli 2020 a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake fasalin gudanarwa na Ukraine, wanda ya rage adadin raions na Ternopil Oblast zuwa uku. An hade yankin Pidvolochysk Raion zuwa Ternopil Raion.  

## Fitattun mutane

* Władysław Rubin (1917-1990), an haifi Cardinal Roman Katolika kuma ya yi ƙuruciyarsa a ƙauyen 

## Manazarta
Alps

**Alps** (/ælps/)  su ne mafi girma kuma mafi girman tsarin tsaunukan da ke cikin Turai gaba ɗaya,   tana shimfiɗe kusan  a cikin ƙasashe bakwai masu tsayi (daga yamma zuwa gabas): Faransa, Switzerland, Italiya, Liechtenstein, Austria, Jamus, da Slovenia.  

Bakin *Alpine* gabaɗaya ya ƙaru daga Nice a yammacin Rum zuwa Trieste akan Adriatic da Vienna a farkon Basin Pannonian. An kafa tsaunukan sama da dubban miliyoyin shekaru yayin da  tectonic plates na *Afirka da Eurasian* suka yi karo. Matsakaicin raguwar abin da ya faru ya haifar da tsaunukan ruwa na ruwa suna tashi ta hanyar turawa da nadawa zuwa manyan tsaunuka kamar Mont Blanc da Matterhorn.

Mont Blanc ya mamaye iyakar Faransa da Italiya, kuma a  shine dutse mafi tsayi a cikin Alps. Yankin Alpine ya ƙunshi kololuwa 128 sama  da 4,000 m (13,000 ft).

Tsawon tsayin da girman kewayon yana shafar yanayi a Turai; A cikin tsaunuka, matakan hazo sun bambanta sosai kuma yanayin yanayi ya ƙunshi yankuna daban-daban. Dabbobin daji irin su ibex suna rayuwa a cikin kololuwa mafi girma zuwa tsayin , kuma tsire-tsire irin su edelweiss suna girma a wurare masu duwatsu a cikin ƙananun tudu da kuma a cikin mafi girma.

Shaida na mazaunin ɗan adam a cikin Alps yana komawa zuwa zamanin Palaeolithic. An gano wani mutun da aka yanke masa hukuncin zama shekaru 5,000 a kan wani glacier a kan iyakar Austria da Italiya a cikin shekarar 1991.

A karni na 6 BC, al'adun Celtic La Tène ya kafu sosai. Hannibal musamman ya ketare Alps tare da garken giwaye, kuma Romawa suna da ƙauyuka a yankin. A cikin shekarar 1800, Napoleon ya haye daya daga cikin dutsen da sojoji 40,000. Ƙarni na 18th da 19th sun ga kwararar masana halitta, marubuta, da masu fasaha, musamman, Romantics, wanda ya biyo bayan shekarun zinariya na alpinism yayin da masu hawan dutse suka fara hawan kololuwa.

Yankin Alpine yana da ƙaƙƙarfan asalin al'adu. Al'adun gargajiya na noma, cuku-cuku, da aikin itace har yanzu suna nan a ƙauyukan Alpine, kodayake masana'antar yawon buɗe ido ta fara girma a farkon ƙarni na 20 kuma ta faɗaɗa sosai bayan yakin duniya na biyu don zama masana'antar da ta mamaye a ƙarshen karni.

An shirya wasannin Olympics na lokacin sanyi a tsaunukan Swiss, Faransa, Italiya, Austrian da Jamus. Ya zuwa 2010, yankin ya zama gida ga 14&nbsp;mutane miliyan 120&nbsp;miliyan na shekara-shekara maziyirta. 

## Manazarta
Baroque

**Baroque** (UK:/bəˈrɒk/,US:/bəˈroʊk/; French: [baʁɔk]) salo ne na gine-gine, kiɗa, raye-raye, zanen, sassaka, waƙa, da sauran fasaha waɗanda suka bunƙasa a Turai tun daga farkon ƙarni na 17 har zuwa 1750s. A cikin yankuna na daulolin Sipaniya da na Portugal gami da yankin Iberian ya ci gaba, tare da sabbin salo, har zuwa shekaru goma na farko na karni na 19. Ya bi fasahar Renaissance da Mannerism kuma ya riga ya wuce Rococo (a baya sau da yawa ana kiransa "Late Baroque") da kuma salon Neoclassical. Cocin Katolika ne ya ƙarfafa shi a matsayin hanyar da za ta magance sauƙi da ƙaƙƙarfan gine-ginen Furotesta, fasaha, da kiɗa, kodayake fasahar Lutheran Baroque ta haɓaka a sassan Turai kuma. 

Salon Baroque ya yi amfani da bambanci, motsi, daki-daki mai ban sha'awa, launi mai zurfi, girma, da mamaki don cimma ma'anar tsoro. Salon ya fara ne a farkon karni na 17 a Roma, sannan ya bazu cikin sauri zuwa Faransa, arewacin Italiya, Spain, da Portugal, sannan zuwa Austria, kudancin Jamus, da Rasha. A cikin shekarar 1730s, ya samo asali zuwa wani salo mai ban sha'awa, wanda ake kira *rocaille* ko *Rococo*, wanda ya bayyana a Faransa da tsakiyar Turai har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 18.

A cikin zane-zane na kayan ado, salon yana amfani da kayan ado mai yawa da rikitarwa. Tashi daga Renaissance classicism yana da nasa hanyoyin a kowace ƙasa. Amma babban fasalin shine cewa ko'ina farkon shine abubuwan ado waɗanda Renaissance suka gabatar. Repertoire na gargajiya ya cika cunkoson jama'a, mai yawa, mai juye-juye, an ɗora shi, domin ya haifar da firgici. Sabbin abubuwan da Baroque ya gabatar sune: cartouche, kofuna da makamai, kwanduna na 'ya'yan itace ko furanni, da sauransu, wanda aka yi a cikin marquetry, stucco, ko sassaka. 


File:Allegory_of_Knowledge_and_Wisdom_by_Balthasar_Permoser_(Church_of_St._Peter_and_Paul,_Zittau).jpg|Allegory of Knowledge and Wisdom by Balthasar Permoser (Church of St. Peter and Paul, Zittau)
File:1668_Swiss_Baroque_Medal_Z%C3%BCrich_Mayor_Johann_Waser,_obverse.jpg|1668 Swiss Baroque Medal Zürich Mayor Johann Waser, obverse
File:Santa Maria della Salute from Hotel Monaco.jpg|Santa Maria della Salute ( Venice ), 1631-1687, na Baldassare Longhena 
File:Obelisco Fontana dei Fiumi Piazza Navona Roma.jpg|Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi (Rome), 1648-1651, na Gian Lorenzo Bernini 
File:St Peter's Square, Vatican City - April 2007.jpg|Dandalin St. Bitrus (Rome), 1656–1667, na Gian Lorenzo Bernini 
File:Église Santa Maria Pace - Rome (IT62) - 2021-08-28 - 3.jpg|Santa Maria della Pace (Rome), 1656-1667, na Pietro da Cortona 


## Manazarta
Romanticism

**Romanticism** (wanda kuma akafi sani da motsi na **Romantic** ko **zamanin Romantic**) wani motsi ne na fasaha, adabi, kiɗa, da hankali wanda ya samo asali a Turai zuwa ƙarshen karni na 18, kuma a mafi yawan yankunan ya kasance a mafi girma a cikin kimanin lokaci daga shekarar 1800 zuwa 1800. 1850. Romanticism da  halaye da girmamawa a kan motsin zuciyarmu da kuma individualism, boye wallafe-wallafe, manufa na yanayi, zato na kimiyya da masana'antu, da kuma daukaka na baya tare da karfi da fifiko ga na tsakiyar zamanai maimakon na gargajiya.  Ta kasance wani ɓangare na martani ga juyin juya halin masana'antu,  ka'idodin zamantakewa da siyasa na zamanin wayewa, da fahimtar ilimin kimiyya na yanayi.  An haɗa shi da ƙarfi a cikin zane-zane na gani, kiɗa, da adabi, amma yana da babban tasiri akan tarihin tarihi,  ilimi,  dara, kimiyyar zamantakewa, da kimiyyar halitta.  Tana da tasiri mai mahimmanci kuma mai rikitarwa akan siyasa, tare da masu tunani na soyayya suna tasiri ra'ayin mazan jiya, sassaucin ra'ayi, tsattsauran ra'ayi, da kishin kasa. 

Yunkurin ya jaddada matsananciyar motsin rai a matsayin ingantacciyar tushen gogewar ado, yana mai da hankali kan irin wannan motsin rai kamar tsoro, firgita, razana da tsoro musamman waɗanda suka ƙware wajen fuskantar sabbin nau'ikan kyawawan halaye na ɗaukaka da kyawun yanayi.   Ta ɗaukaka fasahar jama'a da tsohuwar al'ada zuwa wani abu mai daraja, amma kuma spontaneity azaman halayen kyawawa (kamar yadda a cikin kida mara kyau). Ya bambanta da rationalism da classicism na Haskaka, Romanticism ya farfado da medievalism  da kuma abubuwan fasaha da labarun da aka gane a matsayin ainihin na tsakiyar zamanai a cikin ƙoƙari na guje wa karuwar yawan jama'a, farkon biranen birni, da masana'antu.

Duk da cewa yunkurin ya samo asali ne a cikin kungiyar *Sturm und Drang* ta Jamus, wacce ta fi son hankali da kuma tausayawa ga ra'ayin fahimtar wayewar kai,  al'amura da akidun juyin juya halin Faransa su ma sun kasance abubuwan da ke kusa tun da yawancin Romantics na farko sun kasance masu juyin juya hali na al'adu da kuma al'adu. masu tausayawa juyin juya hali.  Romanticism ya ba da daraja mai girma ga nasarorin "jarumta" daidaikun mutane da masu fasaha, waɗanda misalan su, ya kiyaye, zai haɓaka ingancin al'umma. Har ila yau, ya inganta tunanin mutum ɗaya a matsayin muhimmiyar iko da aka ba da izinin 'yanci daga ra'ayi na gargajiya a cikin fasaha. Akwai wata hanya mai ƙarfi ga tarihi da rashin tabbas na halitta, *Zeitgeist*, a cikin wakilcin ra'ayoyinsa. A cikin rabin na biyu na karni na 19, an ba da Realism a matsayin iyakacin duniya sabanin Romanticism.  Ragewar Romanticism a wannan lokacin yana da alaƙa da matakai da yawa, ciki har da canje-canjen zamantakewa da siyasa. 

## Manazarta
Zamanance

**Zamanance** kungiyar ce ta farkon karni na 20 na rubutu, zane, da wakoki da ke maida hankali kan bincike, hasashe da kuma ilimin mutane. 

## Manazarta
Postmodernism

**Postmodernism** matsayi ne nailmi ko salon magana   wanda ke da shakku game da "babban labari" na zamani, adawa da tabbatattun  ko kwanciyar hankali na ma'ana, da kuma jaddada akida a matsayin hanyar kiyaye ikon siyasa.   Ana watsi da iƙirarin haƙiƙa a matsayin gaskiya na butulci,  tare da jan hankali ga yanayin  da'awar ilimi a cikin takamaiman maganganun tarihi, siyasa, da al'adu.  Ra'ayin postmodern yana da alaƙa da son-kai, ƙwaƙƙwaran ilimin halin ɗabi'a, alaƙar ɗabi'a, jam'i, ban tsoro, rashin girmamawa, da eclecticism;  ya ki amincewa da " sahihancin duniya" na adawa na binary,  tabbatacciya, matsayi, da rarrabawa.  

Da farko yana fitowa daga yanayin sukar wallafe-wallafe, postmodernism ya haɓaka a tsakiyar karni na ashirin a matsayin ƙin yarda da zamani    kuma an lura da shi a cikin fannoni da yawa.   Postmodernism yana da alaƙa da ɓangarorin ɓarna da tsarin bayan-tsari.  Marubuta daban-daban sun soki postmodernism a matsayin inganta baƙar fata, kamar watsar da fahimtar  wayewa da ƙarfin kimiyya, kuma ba su ƙara kome ba ga ilimin nazari ko ƙwarewa.   

## Ma'ana

Postmodernism matsayi ne na ilimi ko yanayin magana   wanda ke ƙalubalantar ra'ayoyin duniya masu alaƙa da wayewar hankali tun daga ƙarni na 17.  Postmodernism yana da alaƙa  da kuma mai da hankali kan akida wajen kiyaye ikon tattalin arziki da siyasa.  Postmodernists suna "masu shakku game da bayanin da ke da'awar cewa suna da inganci ga kowane rukuni, al'adu, ko kabilanci, maimakon haka suna mai da hankali kan gaskiyar dangi na kowane mutum".  Yana ɗaukar "gaskiya" a matsayin ginin tunani.  Postmodernism ya ki yarda da yuwuwar gaskiyar da ba ta shiga tsakani ba ko kuma ilimin da ya dace, yana mai tabbatar da cewa duk fassarori sun dogara ne akan mahangar da aka yi su;  an yi watsi da iƙirarin gaskiya a matsayin gaskiyar butulci. 

Masu tunani na zamani suna yawan bayyana iƙirarin ilimi da tsarin ƙima a matsayin mai daidaitawa ko yanayin zamantakewa, suna bayyana su azaman samfuran maganganun siyasa, tarihi, ko al'adu da matsayi.  Saboda haka, tunani na baya-bayan nan yana da fa'ida da halaye na son kai, ilimin ɗabi'a da alaƙar ɗabi'a, pluralism, da rashin girmamawa.  Postmodernism sau da yawa ana danganta shi da makarantun tunani irin su rushewa da tsarin bayan-tsari.  Postmodernism ya dogara ne akan ka'idar mahimmanci, wanda yayi la'akari da tasirin akida, al'umma, da tarihi akan al'ada.  Bayan zamani da ka'idar mahimmanci suna sukar ra'ayoyin duniya na haƙiƙanin gaskiya, ɗabi'a, gaskiya, yanayin ɗan adam, dalili, harshe, da ci gaban zamantakewa . 

Da farko, bayan zamani ya kasance salon zance kan adabi da sukar adabi, yin sharhi kan yanayin rubutun adabi, ma’ana, marubuci da karatu, rubutu da karatu.  Postmodernism ya ci gaba a tsakiyar karni zuwa karshen karni na ashirin a fadin fannonin ilimi da yawa a matsayin tashi ko kin tsarin zamani.     A matsayin aiki mai mahimmanci, postmodernism yana amfani da ra'ayoyi irin su hyperreality, simulacrum, trace, da bambanci, kuma ya ƙi ƙa'idodin ƙididdiga don goyon bayan kwarewa kai tsaye.    

## Manazarta
Shahararrun al'adu

**Shahararrun al'adu** (kuma ana kiranta **al'adun** jama'a ko **al'adun pop**) gabaɗaya membobin al'umma sun gane su azaman tsarin ayyuka, imani, fitarwar fasaha (wanda kuma aka fi sani da, **mashahurin fasaha** ko **fasaha mai yawa**)   da abubuwan da suke. rinjaye ko yaduwa a cikin al'umma a wani lokaci na lokaci. Shahararrun al'adu kuma sun  ƙunshi ayyuka da jin daɗin da aka haifar sakamakon hulɗa da waɗannan manyan abubuwa. Babban abin da ke haifar da al'adun gargajiya shi ne yawan jan hankalin jama'a, kuma abin da manazarcin al'adu Theodor Adorno ke nufi da "masana'antar al'adu" ne ya samar da shi. 

Babban tasiri a zamanin yau ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai, wannan tarin ra'ayoyin yana mamaye rayuwar yau da kullun na mutane a cikin al'umma da aka ba su. Don haka, shahararriyar al'ada tana da hanyar yin tasiri ga halayen mutum game da wasu batutuwa.  Koyaya, akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don ayyana al'adun pop.  Saboda haka, sanannen al'ada abu ne da za a iya bayyana shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban masu cin karo da juna ta hanyar mutane daban-daban a cikin yanayi daban-daban.  Gabaɗaya ana kallonsa sabanin sauran nau'o'in al'adu kamar al'adun gargajiya, al'adun aji, ko al'adu masu girma, haka kuma ta hanyar ra'ayoyi daban-daban na ilimi kamar su ilimin halin ɗan adam, structuralism, postmodernism, da ƙari. Rukunin al'adun gargajiya na gama-gari sune: nishaɗi (kamar fim, kiɗa, talabijin da wasannin bidiyo), wasanni, labarai (kamar yadda a cikin mutane/wurare a cikin labarai), siyasa, salon, fasaha, da kuma zage-zage.           

## Manazarta
Harin Adamawa da Taraba, 2018

A shekarar 2018, an yi kisan kiyashi da dama a tsakiyar Najeriya (wato Taraba da Adamawa), wanda ake zargin Fulani makiyaya ne. Akalla mutane 50 aka kashe daga jihohin guda biyu.

Akwai al'ummomi da dama a faɗin jihohin da suke makwabta.

## Manazarta
Harin ƙuna baƙin wake a Mubi, 2018

A ranar 1 ga watan Mayun 2018, wasu ƴan ƙuna baƙin wake biyu sun tayar da bama -baman da ke jikinsu a wani masallaci da kasuwa a garin Mubi da ke jihar Adamawa a gabashin Najeriya, inda suka kashe akalla mutane 86 tare da jikkata wasu 58. Wasu yara maza ne suka tayar da bama-baman kuma harin ya faru ne jim kaɗan bayan ƙarfe 1:00 na rana (12:00 GMT). Babu wata ƙungiya da ta ɗauki alhakin kai harin, amma ana alakanta laifin da ƙungiyar Boko Haram mai tsattsauran ra'ayin Islama.

## Wai-wa-ye
An kai manyan manyan hara-hare a Mubi a shekarun 2012, 2014 da 2017

## Manazarta
Kisan kiyashi a Mambila

**Kisan kiyashia Mambila** wani kisan gilla ne da aka yi wa wasu Fulani makiyaya a shekarar 2017 a Mambila, Najeriya.  

An samu saɓani kan yanayin kashe-kashen, kuma ‘yan tsirarun majiyoyi masu zaman kansu (banda mazauna garin) su ka bada rahotanni. bisa ga dukkan alamu, ana zargin gwamnatin Buhari da yin watsi da labarin, ko kuma ba ta mai da hankali sosai kan wannan lamari ba, mai yiyuwa ne saboda yanayin da ba a saba gani ba. hare-haren (yawanci ana zargin makiyaya da kisan kiyashi).

Hakan ya biyo bayan ɓarkewar tashin hankali a watanni baya. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
*
Adabi

**Adabi** duk wani tarin rubuce-rubuce ne, amma kuma ana amfani da shi sosai don rubuce-rubucen da aka yi la’akari da su a matsayin fasahar fasaha, musamman tatsuniyoyi, wasan kwaikwayo, da wakoki.  A cikin 'yan karni na baya-bayan nan, ma'anar ta fadada don hadawa da wallafe-wallafen baka, yawancin abin da aka rubuta.  Adabi hanya ce ta yin rikodi, adanawa, da watsa ilimi da nishadi, kuma tana iya samun taka rawa a zamantakewa, tunani, ruhi, ko siyasa.

Adabi, a matsayin sigar fasaha, na iya hadawa da ayyuka a nau'o'in da ba na almara ba, kamar tarihin rayuwa, diaries, memoir, haruffa, da madala. A cikin faffadan ma'anarta, adabi ta haɗa da littattafan da ba na tatsuniyoyi ba, labarai ko wasu bukatun bayanai akan wani batu.  

Etymologically, kalmar ta samo asali daga litattafan Latin*/litteratura* "ilmantarwa, rubutu, nahawu," asali "rubutun da aka yi da haruffa," daga *litattafai/littara* "wasika".  Duk da haka, an kuma yi amfani da kalmar ga rubutun magana ko waka.   Cigaba a cikin fasahar bugawa ya ba da damar rarrabawa da habakawa da habaka ayyukan rubuce-rubuce, wanda yanzu ya hada da wallafe-wallafe.

Ana rarraba wallafe-wallafen bisa ga ko waka ne, zance ko wasan kwaikwayo, kuma ana kara rarraba irin wadannan ayyukan bisa ga lokacin tarihi, riko da wasu siffofi na ado, ko nau'i.

## Ma'anoni
Ma'anar wallafe-wallafen sun bambanta da lokaci.  A Yammacin Turai, kafin karni na 18, wallafe-wallafen da aka nuna duk littattafai da rubuce-rubucen wallafe-wallafe za a iya gani a matsayin komawa zuwa tsofaffi, mafi yawan ra'ayi, don haka nazarin al'adu, alal misali, ya hada da, ban da ayyukan canonical, shahararrun da 'yan tsiraru. Har ila yau, ana amfani da kalmar a cikin abubuwan da ba a rubuta ba: zuwa "adabi na baka" da "littafin al'adun farko".

Ma'anar shari'ar kimar wallafe-wallafe tana daukarsa a matsayin wanda ya kunshi rubutu mai inganci kawai wanda ya zama wani bangare na al'adar *belles-lettres* ("rubutu mai kyau").  Misalin wannan a cikin (1910-11)  wanda ya rarraba wallafe-wallafe a matsayin "mafi kyawun magana na mafi kyawun tunani da aka rage zuwa rubutu". 

## Hotuna

File:Copy_of_Pencarrow,_novel_written_by_Nelle_Scanlan,_published_1935.jpg|Copy of Pencarrow, novel written by Nelle Scanlan, published 1935
File:Canap%C3%A9_fougeret.png|Canapé fougeret.


## Manazarta
Yaren Kudancin Gabri

**Gabri**, wani lokacin ba a bambanta su daga harsuna masu alaƙa da ake kira "Gabri" a matsayin **Kudancin Gabri**, gungu ne na yaren Chadic dake a Gabashin da ake magana da shi a yankin Tandjilé a Chadi . Manyan ire-iren sune Buruwa, Darbe (Dormon), da Moonde.

## Nassoshi
Matari

***Matari*** (ko kuma aka sake fitar da shi azaman ***White Wind, Black Rider*** ) wani nau'in littafi ne wanda Luke Rhinehart ya rubuta, sunan alkalami George Cockcroft . An buga *Matari* a Burtaniya a cikin shekara ta 1975, kuma a halin yanzu ba a bugashi ba. An bugashi a cikin Amurka a ƙarƙashin sunan *White Wind, Black Rider* (2002).

## Takaitaccen makirci
An saita labarin a cikin karni na 18 na Japan, kuma yana nuna rikici tsakanin haruffa guda hudu - Oboko (nb, Ōbaku wani nau'i ne na Zen ), mawallafi na iska da kuma malamin Buddha ; Izzi, mawaƙin kotu da kuma extrovert; Ubangiji Arishi, samurai da ubangijin daula; sannan daga karshe Matari, kyakykyawa, haziki, kuma a guje domin ceto rayuwarta. Za a iya kwatanta labarin a matsayin labarin soyayya - dukan mutanen uku, a nasu hanyar, suna son Matari. Amma duk da haka kuma kowannensu yana da nasa ra'ayin kan rayuwa, da kuma nasa ma'anar daraja da ɗabi'a. Yayin da kowannenmu za mu iya yaba musu a matsayin mutanen kirki kuma na gaskiya, taron na uku yana haifar da bala’i.

Oboko ya tsira daga labarin kuma daga baya ya ambace shi a *cikin Littafin Mutu* ta marubucin.

## Manazarta

ISBN daban-daban na bugu daban-daban sune:

*   – January 1975 (*Matari*, hardcover)
*   – September 2, 1976 (*Matari*, paperback)
*   – November 27, 2002 (*White Wind, Black Rider*, hardcover)
*   – November 27, 2002 (*White Wind, Black Rider*, paperback)year
Ƙagaggen Labari

Littafin da ya shafi **labari** wani dogon aiki ne na almara, mafi yawanci ana rubuta shi a cikin litattafai kuma ana buga shi ya zama littafi. A kalmar Ingilishi na yanzu  dogon aikin almara ta samo asali daga kalmar Italiyanci    "sabon", "labarai", ko "gajeren labarin wani sabon abu", ita kanta daga Latin, suna guda ɗaya da aka yi amfani da jam'in neuter na *novellus*, ƙarancin *novus*, ma'ana "sabo".  Wasu marubuta, ciki har da Nathaniel Hawthorne,  Herman Melville,  Ann Radcliffe,  John Cowper Powys,  sun fi son kalmar "soyayya" don kwatanta litattafan su.

A cewar Margaret Doody, littafin yana da "tari mai ci gaba kuma mai cike da tarihi na kimanin shekaru dubu biyu", wanda ya samo asali a cikin tsohuwar littafin Girkanci da na Romawa, a cikin soyayya na Chivalric, da kuma al'adar farfaɗowa na Italiyanci novella.  Romanticism ya sake farfaɗo da tsohuwar sigar soyayya, musamman ma tarihin  Walter Scott da kuma littafin Gothic novel.  Wasu, ciki har da MH Abrams da Walter Scott, sun yi iƙirarin cewa  labari ne na almara wanda ke nuna ainihin yanayin al'umma, yayin da soyayyar ta ƙunshi duk wani labari na tatsuniya wanda ke jaddada abubuwan ban mamaki ko na lamarin da ba a saba gani ba.   

Ayyukan almara waɗanda suka haɗa da abubuwan ban mamaki ko abubuwan da ba'a saba gani ba suma litattafai ne, gami *da Ubangijin Zobba*,  *Don Kashe Mockingbird*,  da *Frankenstein*.  "Romances" ayyuka ne na almara waɗanda babban fifikon su shine abubuwan ban mamaki ko abubuwan da ba'a saba gani ba, kuma bai kamata a ruɗe shi da littafin soyayya ba, nau'in almara na nau'in da ke mai da hankali kan soyayyar soyayya.

Labarin Murasaki Shikibu *na Genji*, farkon rubutun Jafananci na ƙarni na 11, wani lokaci ana kwatanta shi a matsayin labari na farko a duniya dangane da yadda ya fara amfani da ƙwarewar kusanci a cikin sigar labari, amma akwai gagarumin muhawara a kan wannan, tabbas akwai dogayen litattafai da suka gabace ta. Kamar littattafan da aka buga a kasar Sin ya haifar da bayyanar littattafan gargajiya na kasar Sin ta daular Ming (1368-1644) da daular Qing (1616-1911). Wani farkon misali daga Turai an rubuta shi a cikin Muslim Spain daga marubucin Sufi Ibn Tufayl mai suna *Hayy ibn Yaqdhan*.  Daga baya abubuwan da suka faru sun faru bayan ƙirƙira na'urar bugawa. Miguel de Cervantes, marubucin *Don Quixote* (sashe na farko wanda aka buga a 1605), ana yawan ambatonsa a matsayin mawallafin marubuci na farko na Turai na zamani.  Masanin tarihin adabi Ian Watt, a *cikin Tashi na Novel* (1957), yayi jayayya cewa an haifi littafin zamani a farkon karni na 18.

Ci gaban fasaha na baya-bayan nan ya haifar da yawancin litattafai kuma ana buga su a cikin kafofin watsa labarai waɗanda ba'a buga su ba: wannan ya haɗa da littattafan sauti, littattafan yanar gizo, da ebooks. Ana iya samun wani tsarin almara mara kyau a cikin wasu litattafai masu hoto. Duk da yake waɗannan nau'ikan littattafan ban dariya na ayyukan almara sun samo asali ne a cikin ƙarni na 19, sun zama sanannen kwanan nan.

## Manazarta