Betty Blayton

**Betty Blayton** (10 ga Yuli, 1937 - 2 ga Oktoba, 2016) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Amurka, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, mai zane,  mai gudanar da fasaha da kuma mai koyarwa, kuma malamar makaranta. A matsayinta na mai zane, Blayton ta kasance mai zane, mai zane, mai yin bugu, da kuma mai sassaka. An fi saninta da ayyukanta waɗanda galibi ake kwatantawa da "ƙa'idodin ruhaniya".  Blayton ta kasance memba ta farko a Gidan Tarihi na Studio da ke Harlem kuma sakataren hukumar,  wacce ta kafa kuma babbar darakta ta Harlem Children's Art Carnival (CAC), kuma wacce ta kafa Harlem Textile Works. Ta kuma kasance mai ba da shawara, mai ba da shawara kuma memba na kwamitin gudanarwa ga wasu ƙungiyoyi da shirye-shirye na fasaha da al'umma. Hanyoyinta na 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Betty Jean Blayton a Newport News, Virginia a shekarar 1937.  Iyayenta sune Alleyne Houser Blayton da Dr. James Blaine "Jimmy" Blayton, kuma ita ce ta biyu a cikin 'ya'yansu huɗu. Iyayenta kuma suna da himma a cikin al'ummar Baƙar fata 'yan asalin Amurka. Mahaifinta ya buɗe asibiti na farko ga baƙar fata a gundumarsa kuma mahaifiyarta ta ci gaba da fafutukar neman ilimi ga kowa. Blayton ta yi karatu a Bruton Heights har zuwa aji 8 sannan ta ci gaba da karatunta a Palmer Memorial Institute da ke North Carolina har zuwa 1955.

Blayton ta sami digirin farko na Fasaha daga Jami'ar Syracuse kuma ta ci gaba da karatunta a Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Fasaha da Makarantar Gidan Tarihi ta Brooklyn.  A shekarar 1955 lokacin da Betty ta tafi kwaleji, Virginia ba ta bar 'yan Afirka ba su halarci kowace jami'a ta fararen fata daban-daban ba saboda dokokin Jim Crow kuma babu wata kwalejin baƙar fata ta gwamnati a jihar da ta ba da takardar shaidar digiri da ta zaɓa, don haka Virginia dole ne ta biya cikakken kuɗin karatunta a tsawon shekaru huɗu na aikinta na kwaleji don bin ƙa'idodin " daban amma daidai " na ilimi da gwamnatin tarayya ta tsara.  Wannan ya ba ta damar zuwa makarantar da ta zaɓa kyauta. Ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1959 da digirin BFA a fannin zane da zane mai daraja. Daga nan ta koyar a St. Thomas a shekarar 1960 na ɗan gajeren lokaci kafin ta koma New York. 

## Aiki da gudunmawa
Blayton ta yi babban tasiri a gidan tarihi da kuma duniyar tushe ta birnin New York, tana aiki a matsayin mai koyar da fasahar gidan tarihi da kuma kafa ƙungiyoyi da dama. Daga 1968 zuwa 1994, ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga Hukumar Ilimi ta Birnin New York inda ta taimaka wajen haɓaka ilimin fasaha a makarantun gwamnati da shirye-shirye. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da shirin wayar da kan matasa a cikin birni na Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani. A matsayinta na wacce ta kafa tare, tare da Victor D'Amico, kuma daga baya a matsayin babbar darakta, ta haɓaka kuma ta jagoranci bikin Carnival na Fasaha na Yara a Makarantar Fasaha ta Harlem. Ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibanta mafi nasara shine Jean-Michel Basquiat, wanda ake kyautata zaton ya koyi yadda yake godiya ga ƙirƙirar matasa daga falsafar Blayton cewa ruhi ya fi mahimmanci fiye da fasaha idan ana maganar zane-zanenku. Shirin, wanda MoMA ta ƙirƙiro a shekarun 1960 ga yaran birni, ya sha wahala bayan asarar tallafin gwamnati a shekarun 1980, amma Blayton ya yi aiki don nemo tallafin kasuwanci don ci gaba da rayuwa. Bayan ta koma New York, ta zama memba na Ƙungiyar Al'umma ta Harlem Youth Opportunities Unlimited inda ta koyar da matasa game da fasaha kuma ta ƙarfafa su su ziyarci MoMA. Lokacin da ta ga an hana ɗalibanta shiga gidan tarihi, ta yi amfani da abokan hulɗarta a can don tabbatar da cewa hakan bai sake faruwa ba. Wannan tare da ra'ayin Blayton na ƙirƙirar gidan tarihi a cikin al'ummar ɗalibar ta shine abin da ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Gidan Tarihi na Studio inda ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatare da mataimakiyar zartarwa daga 1965 zuwa 1977.

Ta kuma kasance tare da kafa Harlem Textile Works kuma memba ce a kwamitin gudanarwa.  Blayton memba ce ta kafa Gidan Tarihi na Studio da ke Harlem kuma ta yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa daga 1965 zuwa 1977.  Ta kuma yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na Robert Blackburn Printmaking Workshop. 

A shekarun 1970, ta shiga wani wurin zane-zane na al'umma mai suna Communications Village wanda mai buga takardu Benjamin Leroy Wigfall ke gudanarwa a Kingston, NY. Andrews ya yi zane-zane tare da taimakon mataimakan firinta waɗanda Wigfall ya koya musu yin bugu, kuma ta yi baje kolin a can. 

## Nunin Nunin

* "Magnetic Fields"  Museum of Fine Art, Saint Petersburg, FL (May 5 – August 5, 2018)   
* "Surface Work" Victoria Miro - Mayfair, London (11 April - 16 June 2018)    
* "Magnetic Fields"   National Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington, DC (October 13, 2017 – January 21, 2018)    
* "Magnetic Fields"  Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art, Kansas City, MO (June 8 - September 17, 2017) 
* "Looking Both Ways" Peninsula Fine Arts Center, NEWPORT NEWS, VA (January 17-March 22, 2015): Curated by Diana Blanchard Gross. Included: Robert Colescott, Betty Blayton, Beverly Buchanan, Faith Ringgold, Clayton Singleton, James Vanderzee, Kara Walker, Carrie Mae Weems, Hank Willis Thomas, Buddy Norris, and others.
* "The Female Aesthetic," Dwyer Cultural Center, NEW YORK NY, (April 19-May 31, 2012): Group exhibition of 11 New York artists. Curated by MLJ Johnson. Included: Beryl Benbow, Betty Blayton, Cecil Chong, Diane Davis, Linda Hiwot, Jamillah Jennings, Charlotte Ka, Dindga McCannon, Gina Sampson, Deborah Singletary, Ava Tomlinson
* Solo Exhibition: "BETTY BLAYTON: Jewels of Thought - Major Work and Concept Studies 1970-2010", Burgess Fine Arts Collection, New York, NY (2010)
* Solo Exhibition: Essie Green Galleries, New York, NY (September 2009)
* Solo exhibition: Strivers Gardens Gallery, New York, NY, (July 2009)
* "Seeing Jazz: A Tribute to the Masters and Pittsburgh Jazz Legends", Manchester Craftsmen's Guild, Pittsburgh PA (January 26-April 3, 2009): Group exhibition. Included: O'Neal Abel, Benny Andrews, Romare Bearden, Sharif Bey, Betty Blayton, Tina Williams Brewer, Fred Brown, Bisa Butler, Lauren Camp, Nora Mae Carmichael, Sadikisha Collier, Robert Daniels, Tafa Fiadzigbe, Frank Frazier, Eric Girault, Verna Hart, Rene Hinds, Jamillah Jennings, MLJ Johnson, Larry Joseph, Charlotte Ka, Eli Kince, Dindga McCannon, Evangeline J. Montgomery, Richard Mayhew, Steve Mayo, Omowale Morgan, Otto Neals, Ademola Olugebefola, Eric Pryor, Faith Ringgold, Senghor Reid, Maurice D. Robertson, Ernani Silva, Danny Simmons, Alexandria Smith, George Smith, Chuck Stewart, Allen Stringfellow, Ann Tanksley, Habib Tiwoni, Osman Tyner, Manny Vega, Richard Waters, Douglas J. Webster, Emmett Wigglesworth, and Shirley Woodson.
* "So It Is With Us: BETTY BLAYTON, 40 Years of Selected Works" - Solo Exhibition at three venues: Canvas Paper and Stone Gallery, Essie Green Galleries, Strivers Gardens Gallery, New York NY (October 2-November 22, 2008)
* Group exhibition: "Betty Blayton and Robin Holder: Daughters of the House of Life" Hammonds House Museum, Atlanta, GA (April 29 - June 21, 2007)
* "BETTY BLAYTON-TAYLOR: Souls/Spirit Journeys" - Solo Exhibition: Smithfield Cultural Arts Center, Smithfield VA (October 2005)
* Group exhibition, National Museum of Ghana, Accra, Ghana - Restoring Our Spiritual Connections: National Conference of Artists International Exhibition  (2002)
* Solo Exhibition: Pace College, New York, NY (1994)
* Solo Exhibition: Lubin House Gallery, Syracuse, NY (1993)
* Solo exhibition: Isobel Neal Gallery, Chicago, IL (1990)
* Solo exhibition: Skylight Gallery, Bedford Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation, Brooklyn, NY) (1989)
* "The Wild Art Show", The Museum of Modern Art, New York (January 17 – March 14, 1982)  
* Solo exhibition: Caravan House Gallery, New York, NY (April 1975)
* "TWO - Tonnie Jones and Betty Blayton" - The Studio Museum In Harlem. New York City (March 31 May 12, 1974): [Betty Blayton's portion of the exhibit was titled: "BETTY BLAYTON: Prints, Paintings and Sculpture"
* Group Exhibition, Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, RI "Contemporary Black Artists" (July 1–31, 1969)
* "Counterpoints 23"	(March 16–30, 1969)
* "8x8", Riverside Museum, New York City		(1968)
* "Six Painters", MARC, New York City		(1968)
* Three Women Exhibition, Capricorn Gallery, New York' City		(September 10–28, 1968)   [Betty Blayton, Freda Mulcahy, Nathalie Van Buren]
* Traveling group exhibition at six locations, "30 Contemporary Black Artists."; Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Minneapolis, Minnesota (October 17-November 24, 1968); San Francisco Museum of Art (now SFMoMA), San Francisco, California (November 26, 1968–); group exhibition included Mahler B. Ryder, Jacob Lawrence, Raymond Saunders, Emma Amos, Benny Andrews, Romare Bearden, Betty Blayton, George Carter, Floyd Coleman, Emilio Cruz, James Denmark, Avel de Knight, Reginald Gammon, Sam Gilliam, Marvin Harden, Felrath Hines, Alvin C. Hollingsworth, Richard Hunt, Cliff Joseph, Norman Lewis, Tom Lloyd, Richard Mayhew, Earl Miller,  Robert Reid, Betye Saar,  Thomas Sills, Hughie Lee–Smith, Russ Thompson, Lloyd Toone, Ed Wilson, Jack H. White
* "Fifteen New Voices", American Greeting Card Gallery, New York City. 	(March 12 - May 3, 1968):  Group exhibition. Included Emma Amos, Benny Andrews, Betty Blayton, Emilio Cruz, Avel DeKnight, Melvin Edwards, Reginald Gammon, Alvin C. Hollingsworth, Tom Lloyd, William Majors, Earl Miller, Mahler Ryder, Raymond Saunders, Jack H. White, Jack Whitten. [Co-sponsored by Ruder and Finn Fine Arts, Inc. and the Studio Museum in Harlem.]
* Group Exhibition, Lever House, New York City - "Counterpoints 23" 	(1967) [Included: Betty Blayton, Alvin C. Hollingsworth, Earl Miller, Faith Ringgold, Mahler Ryder, Jack H. White.]
* Group Exhibition, Harlem Cultural Council, New York City - "The Art of the American Negro"  (1966)  Curated by Romare Bearden. [Included: Charles Alston, Emma Amos, Betty Blayton, Jacob Lawrence, Hughie Lee-Smith, Richard Nugent, Simon B. Outlaw, Faith Ringgold, Vincent D. Smith, Charles White, et al.]
* Solo Exhibition, Capricorn Gallery, New York City 		(May 4–20, 1966)
* Solo Exhibition, Adair Gallery, Atlanta, Georgia 	(1963)
* Solo Exhibition, St. Thomas Gallery, Saint Thomas, Virgin Islands 	(1960)
* Collectors Corner Gallery, Washington, D.C. 		(1959)

## Manazarta