J

**J**, ko **j**, shine harafi na goma a cikin haruffan Ingilishi na zamani da haruffan Latin na ISO na asali . Its saba sunan Turanci ne  (pronounced /dʒ eɪ / ), da yanzu-nadiri bambance-bambancen *jy* /dʒ aɪ / .   Lokacin amfani a cikin International karin lafazi Alphabet ga  sauti, zai iya yiwuwa a kira *yod* ko *jod* (furta /j ɒ d / ko /j oʊ d / ). 

## Tarihi

Harafin *J* amfani da za a yi amfani da matsayin swash harafi *na,* amfani da harafi na a karshen Roman numerals lokacin da wadannan wata I, kamar yadda a XXIIJ ko xxiij maimakon XXIII ko XXIII ga Roman adadi wakiltar 23. Wani amfani na musamman ya fito a Tsakiyar Babban Jamusanci .  Gian Giorgio Trissino {1478-1550} shine farkon wanda ya bambanta I da J a bayyane a matsayin wakiltar sauti daban *-daban, a cikin littafinsa na istpistola del Trissino de le lettere nuωvamente aggiunte ne la lingua italiana* (" wasiƙar Trissino game da haruffan da aka ƙara kwanan nan cikin harshen Italiyanci ") ) na shekara ta 1524.  Asali, 'I' da 'J' sun kasance siffofi daban -daban don harafi ɗaya, duka daidai suke , , da  ; duk da haka, harsunan Romance sun haɓaka sabbin sautuna (daga tsohon  da  ) waɗanda aka wakilta a matsayin 'I' da 'J'; saboda haka, Ingilishi J, wanda aka samo daga Faransanci J, yana da ƙima mai ƙima sosai da  (wanda ke wakiltar sautin farko a cikin kalmar Ingilishi " *y* et")

## Furuci da amfani

### Turanci
A Turanci, ⟩ fi wakiltar affricate /dʒ/ . A Old Turanci, da phoneme  ya wakilta orthographically da ⟩ da ⟩  Ƙarƙashin rinjayar Old Faransa, wadda take da irin wannan phoneme deriving daga Latin  English malaman Attaura suka fara amfani da ⟩ (daga baya ⟩ su wakilci kalma-farko  a Old Turanci (misali, ***i''' Est'' kuma, daga baya ***j** Est),'' yayin da yin amfani da ⟩ da sauran wurare (misali, ''ya **DG** e)''  Daga baya, da yawa wasu amfani da ⟩ (daga baya ⟩ da aka kara a loanwords daga Faransa da kuma sauran harsuna (misali ''ad **j** oin,'' ***j*' unta)* A farko [[Turanci|harshen Turanci]] littafin yi da bambanci a fili tsakanin ⟩ da ⟩ shi ne juyi na King James 1st Revision Cambridge a shekara ta 1629 da kuma wani English nahawu littafin da aka buga ashekara ta 1633.  A aro kalmomi kamar *raj,* ⟩ iya wakiltar  A cikin wasu daga cikin waɗannan, gami da **, *Azerbaijan*, *Taj Mahal*, da *Beijing*, lafazin  yana kusa da lafazi na asali, yana yin amfani da  misali na tsinkayen girman kai .  Lokaci-lokaci, ⟩ wakiltar ainihin  sauti, kamar yadda a *Hallelujah* da *Fjord* (ga Yodh domin qarin bayani) A kalmomi na Spanish asalin, inda ⟩ wakiltar voiceless velar fricative [ x ] (kamar *jalapeño)* English jawabai yawanci m tare da voiceless glottal fricative /h / .

A Turanci, ⟩ ne karo na hudu kalla akai-akai amfani da harafi a kalmomi, kasancewa mafi m kawai fiye da ⟨   ⟨   kuma ⟨   Yana, duk da haka, ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin sunaye masu dacewa, musamman sunaye na mutum.

=== Wasu harsuna ===

==== Harsunan Jamusanci da Gabashin Turai ====

Mafi yawancin Harsunan Jamus, kamar Jamus, Dutch, Icelandic, Swedish, Danish kuma Norwegian, amfani ⟩ ga palatal approximant /j /, wanda mafi yawa ana wakilta harafi ⟩ a Turanci. Sanannen sanannu shine [[Turanci|Ingilishi]], Scots da (zuwa ƙaramin matakin) Luxembourgish . ⟩ ma wakiltar /j / a Albanian, da waɗanda Uralic, Slavic da Baltic harsuna da cewa amfani da Latin haruffa, kamar Hungarian, Finnish, Istoniyanci, Polish, Czech, Kuroweshiyancin-Sabiya, Basulake, Basulabe, Latvian da Lithuanian . Wasu related harsuna, kamar Kuroweshiyancin-Sabiya da Macedonian, kuma soma ⟩ cikin QFontDatabase haruffa ga wannan manufa. Saboda wannan ƙa'idar, an zaɓi ƙaramin ƙaramin harafin don amfani dashi a cikin IPA azaman alamar sautin sauti.

==== Harsunan soyayya ====
A cikin harsunan Rum, ⟩ ya kullum ci gaba daga asalin palatal approximant darajar a [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] zuwa wasu irin fricative . A [[Faransanci|Faransa]], Portuguese, Catalan, kuma Romanian an fronted da postalveolar fricative /ʒ / (kamar ⟩ in English *mea **s** Ure).* A Spain, da bambanci, an biyu devoiced da kuma goyon baya daga wani a baya /ʝ / wani ba-rana /x / ~ /h /,  tare da ainihin karin lafazi ganin dangane da magana ta yare.

Gabaɗaya, ⟨j⟩ baya yawan kasancewa a cikin daidaitaccen haruffan [[Italiyanci|Italiyanci na zamani.]] Kawai dace sunaye (kamar Jesi da Letojanni ), [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] kalmomi ( Juventus ), ko kuma wadanda aro daga kasashen waje harsuna da ⟩ A dace sunaye da kuma Latin kalmomi ana furta a matsayin palatal approximant /j /, yayin da kalmomin aro daga kasashen waje harsuna ayan bi da harshen ta pronunciation na ⟩ Har cikin karni na 19th, ⟩ aka yi amfani maimakon ⟩ a diphthongs, kamar yadda wani zai maye gurbin karshe *-ii,* kuma a wasali kungiyoyin (as a *Savoja)* wannan doka ta kasance mai tsauri a rubuce na hukuma. ⟩ ana amfani ga sa /j / a harshe kuskure, *misali* Romanesco yare ⟩  (tafarnuwa. Gwama Italian *aglio*  A Italian mawallafin Luigi Pirandello amfani ⟩ a wasali kungiyoyin a cikin ayyukansu da aka rubuta a cikin Italiyanci. ya kuma ya rubuta a cikin 'yan qasar Sicilian harshe, wanda har yanzu yana amfani da harafin ⟩ su wakilci /j / (da kuma wani lokacin ma [dʒ] ko [gj], dangane da yanayi)  Harshen Maltese yaren Semitic ne, ba yaren Romance ba; amma an warai rinjayi su (musamman Sicilian) da kuma shi yana amfani da ⟩ ga sauti / j / (cognate na Semitic *yod)*

==== Basque ====
A Basque, da diaphoneme wakilta ⟩ yana da dama realizations bisa ga yankin yare:  (na karshe wanda shi ne hali da Gipuzkoa )

==== Harsunan da ba na Turawa ba ====
Daga cikin harsunan da bana Turai da suka soma da Latin rubutun, ⟩ tsaye ga /ʒ / a [[Turkanci|Turkiyya]] da kuma Azerbaijani, domin /ʐ / a Tatar . ⟩ tsaye ga /dʒ / a Indonesiya, Somali, Malay, [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]], Shona, Harshen Oromo, Harshen Turkmen, kuma Zulu . Yana wakiltar faɗar magana mai ƙarfi /ɟ / in Konkani, [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]], da [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]] . A Kiowa, ⟩ tsaye ga wata voiceless alveolar plosive, /t /.

⟨j⟩ stands for /dʒ/ in the romanization systems of most of the [[Harshen Indiya|Languages of India]] such as [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]] and [[Talgu|Telugu]] and stands for /dʑ/ in the Romanization of [[Harshen Japan|Japanese]] and [[Harshen Koriya|Korean]].

Domin [[Sinanci|Sin harsuna]], ⟩ tsaye ga /t͡ɕ / a [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Sin]] PinYin tsarin, da unaspirated kwatankwacin ⟩ /t͡ɕʰ /) A Wade-Giles, ⟩ tsaye ga Mandarin Sin /ʐ /. Pe̍h-œ-Ji na Hokkien da Tai-lo ga Taiwan Hokkien, ⟩ tsaye ga /z / da /ʑ /, ko /d͡z / da /d͡ʑ /, dangane da wasulla. A Jyutping for Kannada, ⟩ tsaye ga /j /.

The Royal Thai Janar System of kwafi ba ya amfani da harafin ⟩ ko da yake da shi da ake amfani a wasu dace sunayen da wadanda ba misali transcriptions su wakilci ko dai   ko   (wanda ke biye da tushen tushen Pali/Sanskrit)

A romanized Pashto, ⟩ wakiltar ځ, ya furta 

A *Qaniujaaqpait* haruffan da Inuktitut harshe, ⟩ ake amfani da su rubũtunsa /j /.

== Haruffa masu alaƙa ==

* Ƙari : Harafin Semitic Yodh, wanda daga baya aka samo alamun da ke gaba
* Ina i : Harafin Latin [[I]], daga abin da J ya samo
* Ƙari : Dotless j
* Ƙari : Harafin mai canzawa ƙaramin mara lamba j tare da bugun jini 
* Ƙari : Harafin mai gyara ƙaramin j tare da ƙetare-jela 
* IPA -alamomin musamman masu alaƙa da J: ʝ ɟ ʄ ʲ
* Harafin Sautin Uralic -alamomin musamman masu alaƙa da J: 
**

== Lambobin kwamfuta ==


: <sup>1</sup> Hakanan don rikodin rikodi akan ASCII, gami da DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 da Macintosh iyalai na rikodi.

Unicode kuma yana da bambance -bambancen mara iyaka, ȷ (U+0237) Da farko ana amfani da shi a Landsmålsalfabet da lissafi. Ba a yi nufin amfani da shi ba tare da diacritics tunda j j na al'ada an yi taushi a Unicode (wato, an cire ɗigon idan za a sanya diacritic a sama; Unicode ya ci gaba da cewa, misali i+ ¨ ≠ ı+ ¨ da iri ɗaya yana da gaskiya ga j da ȷ) 

A cikin Unicode, kwafin 'J' don amfani azaman yanayin sautin musamman a cikin tarihin harsunan Girka an sanya shi a cikin toshe rubutun Girkanci kamar ϳ (Unicode U+03F3) Ana amfani da shi don nuna ƙyalli na sarauta  a cikin mahallin rubutun Girkanci. Ana kiranta "Yot" a ma'aunin Unicode, bayan sunan Jamusanci na harafin J.   An ƙara babban juzu'in wannan wasiƙar zuwa Unicode Standard a U+037F tare da sakin sigar 7.0 a watan Yuni  a shekara ta 2014.  

=== Batun murmushin Wingdings ===
A cikin harafin Wingdings ta [[Microsoft]], harafin "J" an sanya shi azaman fuskar murmushi (wannan ya bambanta da alamar lambar Unicode U+263A, wanda ke fassara ☺︎) A cikin aikace -aikacen Microsoft, ":) ana maye gurbinsa ta atomatik tare da murmushin da aka sanya a cikin takamaiman fuskar font lokacin ƙirƙirar takaddun rubutu mai ƙarfi ko imel na HTML. Za'a iya kashe wannan fasalin fasalin ta atomatik ko a canza shi zuwa murmushi na Unicode.  

== Sauran amfani ==

* A cikin lambobin farantin lasisi na duniya, J yana wakiltar [[Japan]] .
* A cikin [[lissafi]], *j* yana ɗaya daga cikin ɓangarorin hasashe guda uku na ƙima .
* Hakanan a cikin [[lissafi]], *j* yana ɗaya daga cikin vectors raka'a uku.
* A cikin tsarin awo, J shine alamar joule, SI da aka samu don [[makamashi]] .
* A wasu fannonin kimiyyar lissafi, injiniyan lantarki da filayen da ke da alaƙa, *j* alama ce ga ƙungiyar hasashe (tushen murabba'i na −1) (a wasu fannoni [[I|ana amfani da harafin i]], amma wannan zai zama mai rikitarwa kamar yadda shima alama ce don halin yanzu ).
* A *'J''' iya zama wani irin harshe na dabam ambatacce ga wani hadin gwiwa ( marijuana taba)
* A cikin Burtaniya a ƙarƙashin tsohon tsarin (kafin a shekara ta2001), farantin lasisin da ya fara da "J" misali "J123 XYZ" zai yi daidai da abin hawa da aka yi rajista tsakanin 1 ga Agusta, a shekara ta 1991 da 31 ga Yuli, a shekara ta 1992. Hakanan a ƙarƙashin tsohon tsarin, farantin lasisi wanda ya ƙare da "J" misali "ABC 123J" zai yi daidai da abin hawa da aka yi rajista tsakanin 1 ga Agusta, ashekara ta  1970 da 31 ga Yuli, 1971. 

## Sauran wakilci

## Nassoshi
 

## Hanyoyin waje

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