Kudancin gabashin Australia

Kudancin gabashin Australiya iska ce ta yamma da tasirin inuwa wanda ke faruwa a filin bakin teku na gabashin New South Wales, da kuma kudu maso gabashin Victoria da gabashin Tasmania, a gefen gabas na Great Dividing Range . 

Daga sanyi zuwa zafi (dangane da lokacin), tasirin yana faruwa ne lokacin da iskõki na yamma suka sauka da sauri daga Babban Rarraba Range zuwa ga gangaren bakin teku, yana haifar da babban matsin adiabatic (da yawan zafin jiki ya ragu tare da tsawo) da kuma asarar danshi mai yawa. An san tasirin da wasu sunaye, kamar su **Chinook na Australiya**, **Babban Rarraba iska**, Babban Ragewa ko kawai yammacin yamma. 

Yawanci yana faruwa daga ƙarshen kaka zuwa bazara, kodayake ba a taɓa jin sa ba a lokacin rani (musamman a gabashin Tasmania), tasirin foehn galibi yana faruwa ne lokacin da tsarin gaba na yamma ko kudu maso yamma (wanda ke kawo ruwan sama da iska zuwa manyan biranen kudancin kamar Melbourne, Perth da Adelaide) ya wuce kan Babban Yankin Rarraba kuma ta haka yana haifar da bayyane zuwa wani ɓangare na girgije, yanayin zafi a kan lee. 

## Asalin

Wannan tasirin foehn a gabar gabashin Ostiraliya yana da alaƙa da wucewar tsarin matsin lamba mai zurfi a fadin Babban Australian Bight da Bass Strait wanda ke haifar da iskõki masu ƙarfi don sake daidaitawa kusan zuwa wasu sassa na Babban Rarraba Range, galibi tsakanin ƙarshen kaka zuwa hunturu da bazara (ya fi dacewa a lokacin mummunan AAO lokaci). Abubuwan da suka faru sun faru ne saboda rashin cikakkiyar toshewar orographic na iska mai laushi mai laushi da kuma raguwar iska mai bushewa a cikin duwatsu.

Abubuwan da suka faru a bakin tekun gabas na iya faruwa lokacin da zafi, iskõki na arewa maso yamma suna busawa daga ciki (ko da lokacin da akwai ɗan danshi a gefen iska), saboda iska tana da zafi da sauri yayin da yake saukowa a kan filayen fiye da yadda ya sanyaya yayin da ya hau kewayon.

Yawanci tsakanin  km / h (37  zuwa  km / h (43 , wani lokacin ana iya kawo su ta hanyar babban iska mai zurfi daga kudu maso yammacin nahiyar a Kudancin Tekun wanda ke motsawa gabas ko arewa maso gabas a fadin Victoria zuwa gabar gabas. Bugu da ƙari, yanayin zafi a gefen Babban Rarraba Range yana tashi sosai (saboda tasirin katabatic)  lokacin da ganuwar sanyi ke tura iska mai dumi da bushe daga hamada a fadin jihohin gabashin kasar da kuma kan Range (wannan gabaɗaya yana biye da buster na kudu).

Saboda haka, Babban Rarraba yana daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa Sydney, a tsakanin sauran wurare a kan filayen bakin teku, ya yi rajistar yanayin zafi a lokacin zafi amma ba sau da yawa yakan kai yanayin sanyi a cikin hunturu. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da iska mai zafi ta arewa maso yamma ta buge (kamar Brickfielder), yankunan da suka fi zafi da bushewa a kudu maso gabashin Australia gabaɗaya za su kasance a gefen kudancin yankin bakin teku na NSW a cikin Great Dividing range da bakin teku saboda tasirin foehn. Za a lura da adadi mai yawa a cikin waɗannan tashoshin leeward.

## Kafawa

An rarrabe kudancin gabashin Australiya ta hanyar ka'idoji uku; iskõki na sama waɗanda ke hurawa daga jagorancin duwatsu, hauhawar zafin iska a gefen leeward na duwatsu, da raguwar danshi na yanayi.

Yayin da iska mai laushi ke tashi a gefen iska na kewayon, yana sanyaya kuma yana kwantar da hankali, yana inganta ɗagawar orographic. Ruwan sama sai ya kawar da danshi daga iska a gefen lee na kewayon, kuma kwantar da hankali yana ɗaga zafin iska yayin da yake saukowa da gangaren lee zuwa filin bakin teku saboda matsin lamba.

A lokacin waɗannan yanayi, ƙungiyar girgije, ko bango na Föhn, yana ginawa tare da tuddai na kudancin gabashin tsaunuka saboda kwantar da danshi yayin da iska ke hawa gangaren iska. A halin yanzu, Föhn arch, tare da babban layin altostratus, yana siffar iska na duwatsu a cikin ɓangaren hawa na raƙuman dutse mai tsaye. A cikin Taswirar yanayi, ana iya ganin ƙungiyar iska mai tsabta da ake kira Föhn gap, wanda ke kan iska mai iska na yankin Great Dividing, tsakanin bango da murfin girgije. Ana iya kiran wannan iska a matsayin mai motsa jiki.

An nuna kasancewar raƙuman ruwa na yanayi da aka haifar da yanayin da ke da alaƙa da abin da ya faru, wanda ke tasowa tare da saukowar iska mai hawa sama da ridgetop kuma ya shiga cikin lee na kewayon a matsayin manyan, masu goyon bayan raƙuman nauyi. Iska da ƙarfin motsi na ƙasa da aka nuna a cikin gwajin samfurin kuma sun nuna cewa hare-haren yanayin foehn yana haifar da karuwar tashin hankali kusa da farfajiya, a bayyane yake a cikin yanayin da aka lura a tashoshin lee. Baya ga iskar foehn, wannan iskar yammacin kuma tana hana iska mai sanyaya da ke zuwa daga arewa maso gabas, don haka tana hana su bunkasa a gabashin teku.

Akwai raƙuman ruwa masu nauyi a tsaye a kan yankin da abin ya shafa. Motsi mai saukowa a kan tsaunuka na bakin teku ya fi karfi fiye da wannan a kan kewayon farko kuma an haɗa shi da shear mai ƙarfi. Iska mai saukowa tana da ƙarfi, musamman kusa da saman dutsen bakin teku. Ƙananan sikelin, raƙuman ruwa da aka kama a kan yankin da abin ya shafa sun wanzu, kuma abin da ya faru, tare da iska mai ƙarfi, yana nuna alamar rikice-rikice a ko'ina cikin iyakar iyaka, wanda ya dace da iskar iska mai ƙarfi da aka yi rajista a kan leeside. A lokacin dare, tasirin foehn yana raguwa saboda iska mai sanyi - Wannan shine lokacin da iska mai sanyi ke gudana a kan gangaren dutse don zama a gefen iska, yana ba da hanya ga sanyaya da dare da kuma Yankin rana.

## Abubuwan da suka faru

Babban Rarrabawar da aka fi lura da shi a kudu maso gabashin New South Wales, gabashin Babban Rarrabawa, a wurare kamar yankin Sydney (Cumberland Plain), Illawarra, wasu yankuna na Kudancin Highlands, sassa na yankin Monaro, da Kudancin Coast. Hakanan yana iya faruwa a Tsakiyar Tsakiya, Hunter Valley da Mid North Coast zuwa arewa. A lokuta da yawa, ana kiyaye shi a yankin Gabashin Gippsland a Victoria da kuma gabashin Tasmania zuwa kudu. 

Iska ta Foehn na iya tasiri ga wasu sassan Ostiraliya, kamar gabashin Babban Rarraba Range a kudu maso gabashin Queensland da arewacin New South Wales. Babban Rarrabawar ba ya tasiri sosai a yankunan da ke arewacin Gabas ta Tsakiya. Sakamakon yana da gradient; kasancewa mafi yawanci kuma yana da inganci ga Kudancin Coast (saboda yankin na ƙarshe yana cikin hanyar yammacin yamma, wanda ke raguwa da arewacin 35 ° S). Tare da yankunan leeward, ko yankunan da ke karɓar iskõki, ruwan sama ya fi samo asali ne daga Tekun Tasman zuwa gabas, tunda Babban Yankin Rarraba yana toshe yammacin gaba daga Tekun Kudancin (wanda ya fi yawa tsakanin Mayu da Oktoba). Sakamakon haka, hunturu a yankunan leeward sun bushe tare da lokacin rani yana da ɗan rigar, ba kamar waɗanda ke gefen iska ba wanda, akasin haka, yana da lokacin rani da sanyi.

A kudu maso gabashin Queensland, iskõki na foehn suna da alaƙa da iskõki masu tasowa / pre-trough gradient na arewa maso yamma, iskõkin da ke gaba zuwa kudu maso yamma da ke da alaƙa tare da tsinkaye na anticyclonic a kudancin Australia, da kuma ƙasƙantar gabas a kudu maso gabas. Sun fi rinjaye a watan Agusta da Satumba a cikin sashi tsakanin Toowoomba da Gatton - Layin Applethorpe zuwa Filin jirgin saman Archerfield na yankin da aka rubuta a kusa da abubuwan da suka faru 20 a kowace shekara, sannan kuma sashi na Toowoomba zuwa Filin Jirgin jirgin saman Archefield ya rubuta abubuwan da suka shafi 19 a kowace shekara.

Yankunan da ke yammacin Babban Yankin Rarraba suna cikin iska sabili da haka ba su taɓa fuskantar tasirin foehn a ƙarƙashin rafi na yamma ba, tare da rufe girgije mai ɗorewa. Sabanin haka, Babban Yankin Rarraba kuma yana toshe tsarin gaba wanda ya samo asali a kudancin Tasman da gabashin Bass Strait; saboda haka, lokacin da tsarin kudu / kudu maso gabas ya tashi a kan kewayon, gefen yammacin kewayon zai fuskanci yanayin foehn-like.  

### Yankunan Leeward
 

* Daga arewa zuwa kudu, yammacin foehn yana shafar yankunan da ke gabashin Babban Rarraba Range (ƙauyukan kudu maso gabas ko gabashin teku) kamar, Newcastle, Gosford, Sydney, Wollongong, Nowra, Ulladulla, Moruya, Batemans Bay, Narooma, Bega, da Merimbula . 
* Yankin gabas na Blue Mountains yana cikin yankin leeward, tare da wurare daga Lawson zuwa Springwood gabaɗaya suna nuna tasirin foehn.
* Ana lura da tasirin foehn mai ƙarfi a yankin Monaro zuwa kudu, a wurare kamar Bombala, Nimmitabel da kuma musamman Cooma.
* Lokacin da guguwa mai sanyi ya cinye jihar New South Wales, iska za ta faru a cikin Hunter Valley a tsakiyar arewacin gabar a wurare kamar Taree, Port Macquarie da Coffs Harbour.

; Yankunan canji

* Yankin yammacin Blue Mountains yana da canji (Leura, Katoomba da yamma). Ƙarin ciki a New South Wales, Mount Boyce, Lithgow, Bathurst, Goulburn, Bowral, Taralga, Braidwood da Canberra a cikin Babban Birnin Australiya, a wasu lokuta suna karɓar iskõki, kodayake a wasu lokuta ana fallasa su ga ruwan sama na gaba daga yamma- kudu maso yamma. Lokacin da waɗannan yankuna ke lura da iskõki, suna da sha'awar samun ƙarin girgije (ciki har da girgije) fiye da waɗanda ke kan filayen bakin teku zuwa gabas. 
* A yankin Gabashin Gippsland na Victoria, yankunan canji sun haɗa da Omeo, Bendoc, Bairnsdale, Orbost, Mallacoota da Sale, saboda waɗannan suna da saukin kamuwa da tsarin kudu maso yamma kuma har ma za su fuskanci sanannen girgije daga ainihin yamma a wasu lokuta. Saboda wurin da suke fuskantar kudu da yammacin longitude, girgije ya fi girma fiye da takwarorinsu na New South Wales.
* A Tasmania, Hobart, New Norfolk, Scamander, Swansea da St Helens a gabar gabas; kazalika da Oatlands, Ouse da Bothwell a cikin Midlands, suna da iska daga Tsakiyar Tsakiya kuma saboda haka suna da saurin iska (musamman a lokacin zafi, kodayake a wasu lokuta a cikin shekara). Koyaya, saboda wurin da suke fuskantar kudu, dukansu suna da saukin kamuwa da tsarin kudu maso Yarda kuma suna iya fuskantar wasu girgije daga yamma.

## Tasirin
Babban Rarraba iska na iya zama mai lalacewa ga gidaje kuma zai shafi jiragen sama, ban da rashin jin daɗi, kamar yadda yanayin sanyi na iska zai iya sa yanayin zafi ya ji daɗi fiye da abin da suke. Har ila yau, foehn na Australiya ya shafi abubuwan da suka faru na wasanni na kasa da kasa da kuma Jirgin sama na nishaɗi, kamar a cikin 2007, lokacin da jirgin sama mai sauƙi ya fadi a cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiya saboda iska mai tsanani a yankin da ke fuskantar raƙuman iska. Kamar iskar Santa Ana a California, suna iya kara Hadarin wuta a cikin watanni masu zafi saboda yanayin bushewa, yanayin iska.

Iska ta Foehn gabaɗaya an haɗa ta da ciwon kai, baƙin ciki da kuma tunanin kashe kansa, kodayake ba a tabbatar da wannan binciken ba. Kodayake binciken da aka yi kwanan nan game da hare-haren migraine a lokacin iskar Chinook ya nuna cewa akwai yiwuwar gaskiya a ciki.

## Abubuwan da aka lura da su

* 28 Mayu 2000 misali ne mai ban sha'awa na yanayin 'rabuwa' tsakanin fuskokin yamma da gabas na kewayon. A gefen yamma, Hunters Hill a Victoria ya yi rajistar matsakaicin zafin jiki na -0.7 ° C (30.7 ° F), yayin da Filin jirgin saman Cooma a gefen gabas ya kai  ° C (45.1 ° F). Wadannan tashoshin suna da tsawo na mita 981 (3,219  da mita 930 (3,050  bi da bi. Bugu da ƙari, ƙauyen Thredbo ya kai matsakaicin -0.5  ; wannan ya fi zafi fiye da wanda aka rubuta a Hunters Hill, duk da kasancewa sama da mita 400 (1,300  mafi girma a tsawo; yayin da Cabramurra a mafi girman tsawo kawai ya kai -3.0  .
* A ranar 29 ga Satumba 2000, an yi rikodin wani abu mai ban mamaki a yankin Blue Mountains a Sydney, inda matsakaicin yanayin zafi a Penrith, Badgerys Creek, Filin jirgin saman Bankstown, da Filin jirgin sama na Sydney sun kasance kusan  ° C (18 ° F) sama da matsakaici. Yanayin zafi mai girma ya sake kasancewa tare da shigar iska mai bushewa. A lokaci guda, tashoshin leeward a kudancin New South Wales sun nuna karuwar zafin jiki (9 ° C a cikin awanni 2) da raguwar zafi. An kuma lura da irin wannan dumama da bushewa a cikin ƙasa a Cooma, Braidwood, Canberra, da Bombala.
* A ranar 29 ga Mayu 2007, an lura cewa zafin jiki a Sale (gefen hagu) ya kasance a kusa da 4-9 ° C (7-16 ° F) sama da yanayin zafi a  da  (wanda ke kan gefen iska). A cikin wannan taron foehn, Sale yana da sama da 24 ° C (75 ° F), yayin da biranen na ƙarshe suka yi ƙoƙari su kai sama da  ° C (54 ° F). Bugu da ƙari, yanayin zafi na dangi ya kasance 31% a Sale kuma ya kai 80%-90% a Melbourne da Wangaratta. An kuma yi rajistar yanayin zafi da bushewa a wasu tashoshin da ke gefen iska na kewayon - Bairnsdale, Orbost, Latrobe Valley, da Nowa Nowa, wanda ya rubuta yanayin zafi na 24 ° C (75 ° F),  ° C (76 ° F),  ° C (73 ° F), da  ° C (73) bi da bi, yana mai da wannan wuri a cikin gefen kewayen da ya dace da matsayin rata da kuma arko.
* A ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2008, matsakaicin yanayin zafi a bakin tekun Gippsland ya kasance tare da saurin iska daga arewa maso yamma wanda ya kai kilomita 75 / h. Yanayin zafi a Bairnsdale, Latrobe Valley, da Nowa Nowa sun kasance 2 °-4 ° C sama da matsakaici, tare da raguwa a cikin danshi na dangi kuma ana lura da su.
* A ranar 28 ga Afrilu 2008, iskõki masu yawa sun kasance a yamma tare da wuraren da suka fi zafi da bushewa na kudu maso gabashin Australia da ke gefen bakin teku na kudancin New South Wales, a cikin Great Dividing Range. Yanayin zafi a gefen iska na tsaunuka ya kai kimanin 8 ° C a ƙasa da matsakaici, yayin da a cikin zafin jiki ya kai kusan 1 ° 2 ° C a kasa da matsakaiciya, sabili da haka yana nuna kyakkyawan anomaly na kimanin 6 ° 7 ° C.
* A yammacin 18 ga Satumba 2008, yanayin zafi a Dutsen Nowa da Bairnsdale ya tashi bayan faɗuwar rana, yayin da zafi ya nuna halayyar da ta dace a cikin dare. A ranar 19 ga watan Satumba, yanayin zafi da bushewa ya kasance a bakin tekun Gippsland, ya bambanta da yanayin iska.
* A ranar 27 ga Oktoba 2008, an lura da yanayin iska a yankin  zuwa kudu maso gabashin Babban Birnin Australiya a gefen kewayon, wanda ke da alaƙa da iskõki na arewa maso yamma a kudancin New South Wales. Wadannan yankuna masu iska sun sami ƙananan matakan zafi kuma sun fi matsakaicin yanayin zafi. Yawan zafin jiki a Orbost ya kai  ° C (90 ° F); zafin jiki na Dutsen Nowa ya tashi zuwa 26 ° C (79 ° F); Bega ya kai  ° C (97 ° F), wanda shine kusan  ° C (25 ° F) sama da matsakaicin zafin jiki don Oktoba-Nuwamba. A Moruya, zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa matsakaicin  ° C (96 ° F). An kuma lura da irin wannan sakamako amma ba a bayyana shi sosai a Green Cape, Bombala, da Cooma. Sabanin haka, Albury, wanda ke gefen iska na kewayon, kawai ya kai matsakaicin  ° C (82 ° F). 
* A ranar 23 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2012, wani sakamako ya sa Sydney ta yi rikodin ranar 3 mafi zafi a watan Agusta inda ta kai  ° C (84 ° F) a CBD da  ° C (86 ° F) A Filin jirgin saman Sydney.
* A ranar 18 ga watan Yulin 2016, Mallacoota ya kai wani matsayi mai girma na  ° C (74 ° F) saboda tasirin foehn, ranar hunturu mai dumi ga wannan yankin a Victoria.
* A ranar 20 ga Satumba 2023, a lokacin guguwar zafi a kudu maso gabashin Ostiraliya, Tsibirin Gabo, Ulladulla da Tsibirin Montague sun rubuta tsawo na  ° C (90 ° F),  ° C (96 ° F) da  ° C (92 ° F), bi da bi, saboda iska mai karfi a gefen leeward na duwatsu. Yammacin Sydney ya wuce   , kuma Filin jirgin saman Sydney ya rubuta mafi girman zafin watan Satumba a   . 
* A ranar 30 ga watan Agustan 2024, iska mai zafi a gabashin teku ya sa Filin jirgin saman Sydney ya kai rikodin hunturu na  ° C (88.7 ° F). 
* A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 2024, saboda tasirin foehn, Filin jirgin saman Sydney ya kai  ° C (100.6 ° F) a 12:15 na yamma, wanda ya sanya shi wuri mafi zafi a duniya a wannan lokacin.

## Manazarta