Lokman Slim

**Lokman Mohsen Slim** ( an haife shie 17 ga watan  Yuli  shie kara ta 1962 - 4 Fabrairu 2021) ɗan Shi'a ɗan ƙasar Lebanon ne mawallafi, ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa kuma mai sharhi,    wanda ya haɓaka Al'adun Tunawa don tinkarar rikice-rikicen da suka gabata da na yanzu na Labanon da ma yankin gaba ɗaya. An san Slim a matsayin fitaccen mai sukar Hizbullah  (da sauran dukkan jam'iyyun mazhaba).  An same shi da harbi har lahira a cikin motarsa a kudancin Lebanon da ke karkashin ikon Hezbollah .  Mutane da dama ciki har da 'yar uwar Slim na zargin Hizbullah da aikata kisan, zargin da Hizbullah ta musanta. 

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi Lokman Mohsen Slim a Haret Hreik, wanda a lokacin wani ƙauye ne kusa kuma yanzu yana Kudancin Beirut. Shi ne ɗan gidan ƙwararrun dangin Shi'a na Labanon da ke da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da manyan Kiristoci .  Mahaifiyarsa Salma Mercak, wacce ta tsira daga gare shi, marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Masar kuma 'yar asalin ƙasar Lebanon .  Mahaifinsa Mohsen Slim ya kasance mataimakin (MP) a majalisar dokokin Lebanon daga 1960 zuwa 1964 kuma a shekarar 1977 ya kafa jam'iyyar 'yan Shi'a ta *[[Union des Forces Libanaises]]*, wadda ta bukaci a kwance damarar sojojin Falasdinawa masu fafutuka a Lebanon.  Daga baya a cikin yakin basasa na Lebanon ya motsa aikinsa na doka zuwa Paris . 

Lokman Slim ya koma Faransa a 1982 don nazarin falsafa a Jami'ar Paris-Sorbonne .  Ya koma Beirut a 1988. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ya kafa Dar al Jadeed Publishing House,  wanda ke buga adabin Larabci da kasidun abubuwan da ke da rikici. Littattafan da ta buga sun fito ne daga littafan da Rundunar Tsaro ta Labanon ta haramta zuwa fassarar Larabci na farko na rubuce-rubucen Muhammad Khatami, tsohon shugaban kasar Iran, wanda ya haifar da cece-kuce a cikin al'ummar Shi'a a Labanon. An buga labarai da kasidu da fassarorin Slim da yawa cikin jaridu da littattafai na Ingilishi da Faransanci da Larabci.Ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki a yankunan Kudancin &#x5D; &#x5B; ** Beirut , Kudancin Lebanon, da kwarin Bekaa .  

## Art a matsayin gwagwarmayar siyasa

A cikin 2001, Slim ya koma fim tare da kafa Umam Productions, wanda ya samar da fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da *Massaker*  wanda Slim ya shirya tare da matarsa Monika Borgmann Bajamushiya . Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Fipresci a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na Berlin a 2005.  A cikin 2004, ya haɗu da Umam Documentation &amp;amp; Research (D&R), ƙungiya mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta a yankin kudancin Beirut na Haret Hreik, inda ƙungiyar ke ƙirƙirar buɗaɗɗen tarihin abubuwan da suka shafi tarihin zamantakewa da siyasa na Lebanon. Ƙungiyar ta shirya da kuma sauƙaƙe nunin nuni a sanannen "Hangar"  don masu zane-zane su fito fili su magance tabo na yakin basasar Lebanon (1975-1990), wanda aka yi la'akari da shi kuma ba a koyar da shi a matakin farko ko sakandare ba. Umam kuma yana shirya fina-finai, nune-nunen zane-zane, da tattaunawa da suka shafi tashin hankali da tunawa da yaki. 

Ɗayan nunin nunin da Umam ke ci gaba da yi tun 2008 shine “Bace,” tarin hotunan da ke nuna mutanen da suka ɓace daga Yaƙin Basasa na Lebanon . An gabatar da wannan baje kolin tare da " *Kwamitin 'Yan uwan wadanda aka yi garkuwa da su da kuma wadanda aka bace a Lebanon"*, " *Taimakawa 'yan Lebanon a tsare da gudun hijira (SOLIDE)"*, da " *Kwamitin Iyalan Lebanon da ake tsare da su a Siriya* "tare da daruruwan mutane masu alaka da bacewar. 

## Ilimin al'umma a matsayin jagora ga canjin siyasa

Aikin Slim Hayya Bina (HB), ma'ana "Mu Tafi",  wani shiri ne wanda aka fara a lokacin zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki na shekara ta 2005 a ƙasar Labanon da nufin haɓaka shigar 'yan ƙasa cikin tsarin siyasa da adawa da tsarin ƙungiyoyin addini na Labanon. Slim da kansa ya kwatanta al'ummomin mazhabobin addini da "kwayoyin da ake daure ' yan Lebanon a cikinsu  Yankunan Kwarin Bekaa 

A cikin 2008, Hayya Bina ya shiga a matsayin abokin tarayya tare da National Democratic Institute (NDI) "Citizen Lebanon" aikin.  Tare da horar da jagoranci da na jama'a da NDI ta gudanar, Hayya Bina ya jagoranci ayyukan da'awar jama'a da dama a yankunan Shi'a na Lebanon. A Ba'albek, ma'aikatan gonaki na Hayya Bina sun shirya aikin kashe kwari don taimakawa wajen bunkasa tattalin arzikin manoma na gida; a Shmustar, ma'aikata sun haɗa kai tare da mazauna wurin don ba da shawara ga ayyukan tattara shara don hana yaduwar cututtuka; a Hermel, wani aikin share fage na yankin Assi. Wannan aikin ya haɗa da ayyukan wayar da kan muhalli, kwanakin tsaftacewa, da tattaunawa tare da zaɓaɓɓun jami'ai. 

Hayya Bina ta ci gaba da aiwatar da shirin koyar da Turancin Ingilishi guda daya tilo a kasar Lebanon ga mata manya, “Koyawa Mata Turanci,” daukar malamai a yankunan karkara domin kawo darasi zuwa yankunan da tattalin arzikinsu ya tabarbare a kudu da kwarin Bekaa.  Ilimin koyarwa na shirin ya haɗu da nahawu na yau da kullun tare da ingantattun nodes, kamar haƙƙin ɗan adam, al'ada, wurin aiki, da ƙamus na kusa-gida. Bayar da wannan shirin a yankuna daban-daban ya kuma baiwa malaman karkara da ba su bar kauyukansu damar zagayawa a fadin kasar nan domin horar da malamai ba. 

Slim ya bayyana a shekarar 2019 cewa shugaban kungiyar Hizbullah ne ke da alhakin faruwar lamarin inda mutane suka zo gidansa da ofisoshinsa suna rera kalamai da barazana. Ya kuma ba da rahoton barazanar kisa bayan wata muhawara yayin zanga-zangar Lebanon ta 2019-2020 . Slim ya bayyana imanin cewa Hezbollah na da rawa a fashewar Beirut na 2020 . 

## Mutuwa
A daren 3 ga Fabrairu, 2021, yayin kulle- kullen COVID-19, Lokman yana dawowa shi kaɗai a cikin motar haya zuwa Beirut, bayan ya ziyarci abokinsa a ƙauyen Niha, gundumar Taya, kuma ba a iya gano shi a cikin sa'o'i masu zuwa. Daga baya an gano motarsa a wani yanki mai nisa tsakanin kauyukan Addousiyeh da Tafahta a kudancin gundumar al Zahrani, gundumar Sidon,  kuma an tsinci gawar Lokman a cikinta, bayan an harbe shi sau hudu a kai kuma sau daya a baya. An kwantar da shi a wani asibiti a yankin, inda aka ce ya rasu. 'Yar uwarsa ta ce "watakila akwai tushen akida da siyasa a cikin kisan". 

Slim dai a kwanakin baya kafin kisan ya bayyana cewa magoya bayan Hizbullah na yi masa barazana a gidansa tare da zarginsa da cin amanar kasa.  Bayan da aka tabbatar da mutuwar, Jawad Nasrallah dan shugaban Hizbullah ya wallafa a shafinsa na Twitter cewa: "Rashin wasu mutane a hakika riba ce da ba a shirya ba #ba a yi hakuri ba". Daga baya ya goge sakon sannan ya musanta cewa yana nufin Slim ne.   Yana daga cikin hare-hare da kamfen na nuna kyama a shafukan sada zumunta da aka yi wa Slim hari.  Kungiyar Hizbullah ta yi Allah wadai da kisan, ta musanta cewa tana da hannu a ciki sannan ta bukaci a gudanar da bincike cikin gaggawa.  *DW* ta yi kiyasin cewa Slim na daya daga cikin jerin kashe-kashe da aka yi wa masu sukar Hizbullah, kuma "babu wani a Lebanon da ke fatan za a cimma matsaya kan kisan Slim". 

### Bincike
Jami'an tsaron cikin gida sun kammala bincike kan mutuwar Slim. A cikin Mayu 2021, mai gabatar da kara na Kudancin Lebanon ya rufe binciken ba tare da kama shi da tuhumar da aka yi masa ba.  Bayan korafin da iyalan Slim suka yi, an mika karar ga alkali mai bincike. 

A cikin 2022, Human Rights Watch ta tayar da damuwa game da binciken "maras kyau", yana mai ba da shaida ciki har da gazawar ISF don kare wurin da laifin ya faru, wanda zai iya haifar da gurbatar shaida. Iyalan Slim sun soki cewa tun farko jami’an yankin ne suka jagoranci binciken a Srifa da Zefta, lamarin da ya sa ISF ta mika binciken zuwa Reshen Watsa Labarai. Sun kuma bayyana cewa binciken ya mayar da hankali ne kan mutuwar Slim sakamakon wata takaddama ko kashe kansa.  Binciken kisan kai da kuma fashewar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Beirut, ya kai ga tawagar kisan kai ta 121 da Salim Ayyash ke jagoranta a lokacin.  

A watan Nuwamba 2023, alkalin da ke sa ido kan binciken, Charbel Ali Samra, ya yi ritaya. Iyalan Slim sun ruwaito cewa Samra ta yi hira da shaidu uku ne kawai a cikin shekaru biyu da ya yi yana aiki. A wata mai zuwa ne Bilal Halawi ya karbi ragamar alkali mai bincike. 

A cikin Fabrairu 2024, Human Rights Watch ta sabunta roko ga masu gabatar da kara da masu bincike a Lebanon don tabbatar da adalci ga Slim. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Hayya Bina
* Takardun UMAM da Bincike