Franziska Scanagatta

**Franziska Scanagatta** ko **Francesca Scanagatta** (1 ga Agusta 1776 - 1865) mace ce 'yar Italiya wadda ta ɓoye kanta a matsayin namiji don ta halarci makarantar jami'an Austria a 1794. Ta yi aiki a lokacin juyin juya halin Faransa kuma an ɗaukaka ta zuwa Leutnant ( laftanar ) a 1800. A 1801 ta bar soja kuma Francis I, Sarkin Austria, ya ba ta fansho lokacin da ya ji labarinta.

## Rayuwa
An haife ta a Milan a shekarar 1776, wacce a lokacin ita ce babban birnin Duchy na Milan sannan ta koma ƙarƙashin mulkin Austria, Scanagatta ta yi mafarkin shiga rundunar sojojin Daular Austria. Abin farin ciki, an ce ta kasance "mummuna kuma ƙarama, mai gashin baki wanda ya samo asali ta hanyar askewa akai-akai." An haife ta da jiki mai rauni, ta yi motsa jiki a tsawon yarintarta don haɓaka tsokoki. Ta kuma yi karatu sosai kuma ta je wata kyakkyawar makarantar sufi - a bayyane yake, duk wannan motsa jikinta da hankalinta ya sa ta ji "kamar namiji." 

### Nazarin soja
Ɗan'uwan Scanagatta Giacomo ya bambanta da ita sosai; koyaushe yana da sha'awar mata sosai. Ya kamata ya je Vienna ya yi horo don zama soja, amma ya shaida mata cewa wannan shine abu na ƙarshe da yake so. Scanagatta ta yi amfani da wannan babbar dama: a shekarar 1794, sanye da kayan maza, ta yi tafiya tare da Giacomo zuwa Vienna kuma a ranar 1 ga Yuli, ta shiga Kwalejin Soja ta Theresian a madadinsa a matsayin "ɗaliba ta waje" (ɗaliba ta waje - sabuwar soja). Lokacin da ya fahimci abin da ya faru, mahaifinta ya yi mamaki kuma ya yi niyyar zuwa Wiener Neustadt don ya dawo da ita gida, amma tana da himma sosai a burinta na zama jami'i har ya yarda ya bar ta ta ci gaba da zama a makarantar, inda ta sami maki mai kyau kuma ta kammala karatunta a ranar 16 ga Janairu 1797 a matsayin Fähnrich (kadet/ensign). [1]

### Aikin soja
A wannan matsayin, Scanagatta ta shiga bataliyar sojoji ta 6, Gundumar Warasdin Grenz (wanda aka haɗa da Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa Mai Lamba 65 da 66), tana jagorantar rundunar sojoji daga Hungary zuwa bataliyar da ke Kehl a kan Rhine a daidai lokacin da yaƙin ya ƙare a watan Afrilun 1797. A watan Disamba, ta yi tafiya tare da su zuwa wuraren hunturu a Troppau, Silesia sannan kuma zuwa Klagenfurt a Styria. Kullum tana taka tsantsan kada a gano ta kuma tana ƙoƙarin kasancewa cikin sabbin mutane, ta yi amfani da damar don ɗaukar matsayin wata 'yar kadet zuwa Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa Mai Lamba 56 "Wenzel Graf Colloredo" a kaka ta 1798. Ta kuma cika burinta na ganin sassa daban-daban na Daular, yayin da ta fara ziyartar sansanin rundunar a Moravia kafin ta shiga *Aushilfsbezirk* (yankin ɗaukar ma'aikata) don rukunin sojoji a Galicia, inda ta isa a watan Satumba. Tana yawan zuwa gidan caca a Sandomir, inda al'ummar yankin ke taruwa, kuma kusan an gano ta ne lokacin da wani saurayi na yankin ya ƙalubalanci ta, wanda ya gaya mata cewa wasu mata sun yi tunanin Scanagatta mace ce. Amsar da ta bayar ita ce ta yi farin ciki da matarsa ta yi mata hukunci, wanda hakan ya isa ya shawo kansa ya ƙi yarda da jita-jitar.  A watan Fabrairun 1799, ta yi tattaki tare da tawagarta zuwa Yaƙin Hadin Gwiwa na Biyu, amma a kan hanya ta fuskanci mummunan ciwon rheumatism. Bayan rashin lafiya da murmurewa na watanni biyu, an mayar da ita zuwa Rundunar Deutsch-Banater Grenz Mai Lamba 12 kuma ta yi tafiya zuwa sansaninta da ke Pancsova a yankin, wanda yanzu yake arewacin Serbia.

Da GR12, Scanagatta ta yi tattaki zuwa Italiya, inda ta ci gaba da nuna jajircewarta kuma ta jure wa zanga-zangar da ta gaji, tana dogara da taken ta: "Una verace risoluta virtù non trova impresa impossibile a lei" (Ƙarfin zuciya na gaske ba ya ga abin da ba zai yiwu ba.) Lokacin da ɗaya daga cikin abokan aikin Francesca ya yi mata ba'a saboda ƙaramar yarinya, ta ƙalubalance shi da yaƙi kuma ta raunata shi. A watan Disamba na 1799, ta jagoranci harin da aka kai wa ramukan Faransa a Barbagelata. A lokacin hunturu, ta yi zaman tare da iyalinta kuma sun yi ƙoƙarin shawo kanta ta bar soja. Mahaifiyarta ta lura da matsalolin lafiya da suka taso daga ɗaure ƙwanƙolinta a ƙarƙashin kayan soja. An ƙara mata girma zuwa Leutnant a watan Maris na 1800, Francesca ta koma yaƙin Genoa a watan Afrilu, amma mahaifinta ya sanar da hukumomin Austria game da kasancewar 'yarsa a cikin rundunar. Dole ta yi murabus a ranar da Genoa ta faɗi, 4 ga Yuni 1800. Kwamandan rundunarta, Friedrich Heinrich von Gottesheim, ya yi liyafa don girmama ta, inda har yanzu ana yi mata kallon jami'in soja na yau da kullun.

### Rayuwa daga baya
A lokacin da ta dawo Milan, Scanagatta ta haɗu da Laftanar Spini na mai tsaron lafiyar shugaban ƙasa (wanda daga baya ya zama sarki), wanda ta aura a ranar 16 ga Janairu 1804. Suna da 'ya'ya huɗu, maza biyu da mata biyu, kuma lokacin da yaran suka girma, an ba su izinin sanya lambobin yabo na mahaifiyarsu, waɗanda ba a ba ta izinin sakawa ba. Ta mutu tana da shekaru 89.  Zanenta yana rataye a Kwalejin Neustadt 

## Manazarta