Edith Archibald

**Edith Jessie Archibald** (7 ga Afrilu 1854 - 11 ga Mayu 1936) ta kasance 'yar asalin Kanada kuma marubuciya wacce ta jagoranci kungiyar Maritime Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), Majalisar Mata ta Kasa ta Kanada da Majalisar Mata ta Halifax . Don nau'ikan gwagwarmayar zamantakewa da yawa, Sarki George V ya kira ta "Lady of Grace",  kuma Gwamnatin Kanada ta sanya ta a matsayin Mutumin Muhimmancin Tarihi na Kasa a shekarar 1997. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife ta a St. John's, Newfoundland, ga Catherine Elizabeth (Richardson) Archibald da Sir Edward Mortimer Archibald, Edith Jessie Archibald ta fito ne daga wani fitaccen iyali tare da tarihin hidimar jama'a. Ta sami wasu daga cikin karatunta na farko a Landan da New York City, inda mahaifinta ya kasance Janar Janar na Burtaniya.

A lokacin da take da shekaru ashirin, ta auri dan uwanta na biyu Charles A. Archibald, injiniyan hakar ma'adinai wanda ya mallaki ma'adinin Gowrie a Cow Bay, Nova Scotia .  A shekara ta 1893 ya sayar da ma'adinin kwal kuma ya ɗauki matsayi a matsayin shugaban kasa da darektan Bankin Nova Scotia a Halifax  . Suna da 'ya'ya hudu - Susan Georgina (wanda aka sani da Georgie), Thomas, Charles, da Edward - kuma sun zauna a wani babban gida, "Seaview", a Port Morien kafin su koma Halifax.

## Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Mata ta Kirista
Archibald ya shiga cikin WCTU a cikin 1880s kuma daga 1892 zuwa 1896 ya kasance Superintendent na Maritime na Sashen Taron Gida, wanda ke ƙarfafa abubuwan zamantakewa a cikin gidajen membobin a matsayin hanyar shirya ayyukan kamewa da ilimantar da mata. Da yake sha'awar fa'idodin tarurruka na ɗaki, ta bincika ƙungiyoyin gida 54 don samun kimantawarsu game da tarurrukan, ta buga wata wasika a cikin takardar ƙasa ta WCTU, kuma ta buga ta a matsayin takarda. Archibald ya fahimci cewa matakin cikin gida ya zama dole don cimma burin kasa na kungiyar. Har ma ta jagoranci mambobi a kan hare-haren saloons uku na haramtacce a Cow Bay.

A lokacin da Archibald ke shiga cikin WCTU, ta mai da hankali kan kamfen akan batutuwan da suka shafi tashin hankali na gida, saka idanu kan yara da talauci. Bayan an zabe shi Shugaban WCTU a shekara ta 1892, Archibald ya yi aiki tare da wasu mata don yin kamfen don ayyukan al'umma don inganta rayuwar mata da yara. Wannan ya haɗa da ƙirƙirar ɗakunan karatu da marayu. Archibald ta kuma matsa wa mata damar yin zabe a lokacin da take WCTU. Wata ƙa'idar da aka yi amfani da ita ita ce "Tattara, Koyarwa, Koyar da Shari'a".

## Sauran gwagwarmayar zamantakewa

Ta kasance jagora a Majalisar Mata ta Kasa ta Kanada da kuma Victoria Order of Nurses (VON) kuma ta kasance shugabar Halifax VON daga 1897 zuwa 1901.  Ta kasance mai aiki sosai wajen samun asibitin yara da aka gina a Halifax kuma daga baya ta zama darektan asibitin.

A shekara ta 1895, bayan da iyalin Archibald suka koma Halifax, ta zama Shugabar Majalisar Mata ta Halifax. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya zama shugaban kasa, Archibald ya yi murabus saboda rikice-rikicen addini. Koyaya, ta dawo kuma ta kasance shugabar daga 1899-1905. A lokacin da take shugabar Majalisar Mata ta Halifax, Archibald ta jagoranci kamfen ɗin da aka mayar da hankali kan samun wakilcin mata a Hukumar Makarantar Halifax. Archibald ya ci gaba da yin gwagwarmaya don 'yancin mata na jefa kuri'a.

Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban kungiyar Red Cross ta Nova Scotia a shekara ta 1914, an ba ta aiki da gudanar da sashen da ke kula da fursunonin yaki na Kanada a kasashen waje. Order of Jerusalem ta ba da shawarar ta don girmama aikinta a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na I. 

Archibald ya yi gwagwarmaya na tsawon shekaru don haƙƙin mata na jefa kuri'a kuma ya jagoranci tawagar mata ta 1917 don shawo kan Firayim Minista na Nova Scotia George Henry Murray kada ya toshe dokar zaɓen; majalisar dokoki a ƙarshe ta ba da wannan haƙƙin a 1918.

Archibald kuma ta kasance mai kafa kuma shugaban farko na Ladies' Musical Club na Halifax kuma darektan Victoria School of Art and Design .  A matsayinta na memba mai kafa kungiyar Ladies' Musical Club of Halifax, Archibald ta tura don samun dama ga mata a matsayin mawaƙa.

## Rubuce-rubuce
Daga baya ta rubuta gajerun labaru, wasan kwaikwayo, da labarai kuma ita ce marubucin littattafai da yawa. Ɗaya daga cikin littattafanta, Bed-Time Stories for My Grand-Children (1910), wani littafi ne na sirri wanda aka buga saboda mutuwar 'yarta Georgie a cikin 1909. Archibald ya rubuta tarihin don yaran Georgie su san yadda mahaifiyarsu ta kasance tun tana yarinya a Cow Bay.

A shekara ta 1924 ta wallafa tarihin mahaifinta mai taken Life and Letters of Sir Edward Mortimer Archibald, K.C.M.G., C.B.. [1]Ta kuma rubuta The Token: A Tale of Cape Breton Island, wanda ya fara rayuwa a matsayin wasa a tsakiyar shekarun 1920 sannan ya zama littafi da aka buga a 1930.[1] Labarin ya faru ne bayan yakin basasar Amurka kuma ya damu da ayyukan Angus McRory. A cikin bita na littafin, London Morning Post ya bayyana cewa aikin wani matashi ne mai alƙawari, ba tare da sanin cewa marubucin yana cikin shekarunta saba'in ba a lokacin.[2]

Sauran littattafai sun haɗa da Stray Songs for Glad Days and Sad Days (1894), da Gufshathi and Herriaman: A Missionary Story (n.d.). 

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

* Ruth Bordin, Mata da Temperance: Binciken Ikon da 'Yanci, 1873-1900 (Philadelphia: Jami'ar Haikali, 1981) 
* Ernest R. Forbes, "Yaƙe-yaƙe a Wani Yaƙi: Edith Archibald da Halifax Feminist Movement" a cikin Kalubalanci Yanayin Yankin: Essays on the 20th Century Maritimes (Fredericton: Acadiensis Press, 1989) 
* Ernest R. Forbes. *Hanawa da Linjila ta Jama'a a Nova Scotia* . 1971.
* Janet Guildford. "Edith Jessie Archibald: Mai son Mata da Mai gyarawa" Jaridar Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society, 2008.
* Joanne E. Veer, "Feminist Forebears: Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Kiristoci ta Mata a cikin lardunan Maritime na Kanada, 1875-1900" (PhD thesis, Jami'ar New Brunswick, 1994), 5.

## Haɗin waje

* Archibald a cikin SFU Digitized Collections, Jami'ar Simon Fraser, Coll. Mata Masu Rubuce-rubuce na Farko na Kanada