open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kungiyar yarjejeniya

A cikin dokar kasa da kasa, kwamitin yarjejeniya (ko kwamitin yarjejeniyar) kungiya ce ta duniya da aka kafa ta masana masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke sa ido kan yadda jihohin da ke cikin wani kayan aikin shari'a na kasa da kasa ke aiwatar da wajibai a ƙarƙashinsa.

## Ma'anar
Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya ta bayyana "kwararren kwararru na yarjejeniya" kamar haka:"kungiyar da ta kunshi masana da ke aiki a cikin ikon kansu, wanda aka kafa a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniya kuma ba wani bangare ne na ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ba".Jagoran bincike da ɗakin karatu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya buga ya lissafa mahimman halaye na yarjejeniyar haƙƙin ɗan adam: 

* Sun "suna da wanzuwarsu daga tanadi da ke cikin takamaiman kayan aiki na doka".
* Suna riƙe da ƙayyadaddun umarni, sau da yawa ana iyakance su ga saitin iko da aka tsara a cikin yarjejeniyar da ta kafa su.
* Masu sauraron da hukumomin yarjejeniyar ke magana da su an iyakance su ne ga ƙasashen da suka tabbatar da kayan aikin doka (kamar yadda ya saba da hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya waɗanda ke jin daɗin masu sauraro na duniya),
* Shawarwarin su sau da yawa ya haɗa da yarjejeniya.

Musamman, masana da suka dace da yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya yawanci suna aiki a cikin ikon kansu (watau, ba wakiltar ƙasarsu ba). Kungiyoyin yarjejeniya sun bambanta da "kungiyoyin kasa da kasa" kamar haka, kamar hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, shirye-shirye, ko wasu kungiyoyin kasa da kasa.

Akwai ƙungiyoyin yarjejeniya da yawa, musamman dangane da Dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya. Koyaya, akwai kuma ƙungiyoyin yarjejeniya da ke da alaƙa da kayan aikin da ba na ɗan adam ba kamar UPOV ko INCB . An bayyana umarnin hukumomin yarjejeniya gabaɗaya a cikin yarjejeniyar da ta kafa su, kuma wani lokacin ta hanyar yanke shawara ko ƙuduri na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Kungiyoyin yarjejeniya wani lokacin suna yin ƙarin ayyuka fiye da sa ido kan bin yarjejeniyar kawai.

## Jerin ƙungiyoyin yarjejeniya

## Dubi kuma

* Dokar kasa da kasa
* Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
* Kungiyoyin yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam

## Manazarta
Mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da yankunan Palasdinawa da aka mamaye

mai ba da rahoto na musamman kan Yankunan Palasdinawa da aka mamaye, a hukumance mai ba da rahotanni na musamman kan halin da ake ciki na haƙƙin ɗan adam a yankunan Palastina da aka mamayar tun 1967,  mai ba da rahoton na musamman ne wanda ke aiki ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma yana ba da rahotannin game da halin da ake tsakanin haƙƙin ɗan'uwa a yankunan Falasdinawa da suka mamaye. Tsohon Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ce ta kafa aikin a shekarar 1993. An nada Francesca Albanese a cikin 2022 don ɗaukar mukamin Rapporteur na Musamman a matsayin mace ta farko da ta taɓa kasancewa a cikin rawar.

## Jerin masu rike da gidan waya

## Manazarta
Risalat al-Huquq

**Risalat al-Huquq** (Arabci: رسالة الحقوقوقو, Lit. "Rubuta haƙƙin musulinci ') matattarar Musulunci ne na Musulunci game da zamantakewa da addini. Littafin yana danganta da Ali Al-Sajjad (D. C. C. C. C. Risalat Al-Huquq har abada yana bayyana haƙƙin ta'addanci yana da Allah ga mutane da kuma hakkokin mutane suna da kansu da junan su, kamar dai gane a cikin Islama. Abu Hisalat al-Hisquq ya danganta da Abu Hamia Al-Thumali, wata kusancin al-Sajjad.

## Game da Mawallafin
Risalat al-Huquq (Lit. 'Tarurrukan kan Hakkoki') an danganta shi da Ali Al-Sajjad (D.. 712 AZ. Da aka sani da taken Zayn Al-Abdin (Lit.  Al-Abayin na masu bauta '), Al-Sajjad wakilipers ne a Shia Musulusa da babban jikan Annabi, Muhammad.

## Game da littafin
Risalat al-Huquq ya damu da nauyin zamantakewa da addini. Yana har abada a jera hakkin Allah yana da ikon mutane da 'yan hali yana da kansu da junanmu, kamar dai gane a cikin Islama. Littafin ya bayyana ayyukan zamantakewa kowane mutum dole ne a lura, kuma waɗancan aikin sun annabta kan ƙarin asali, irin wannan da bangaskiya ga Allah da biyayya a gare shi.

An hango Risalat Al-Huubq a matsayin cikakken bayani game da Muhammadu, "Lallai Ubangijinka yana da hakkin a kanku, da kanku yana da hakkin a kanku, matarka tana da hakkin a kanku, Matarka tana da hakkin a kanku." Wasu juyi na hadisin wannan ingantacciyar Hadisin, wataƙila sun faɗi a wasu lokatai, sun haɗa da wasu haƙƙoƙai da magana, "Saboda haka ba duk wanda ke da hakkin hakkinsa." Abin da ake nufi da "duk wanda ke da dama" shine cikakken bayani mai ban tsoro a cikin Risalat Al-Sajjad, wanda ke cikin tushe a cikin Alqurani da hadisi.

An fassara Risalat al-Hisubq Hisquq a matsayin jagorar HOUSISED (Larabci: حably ', wanda ake fassara shi a matsayin' adalci ',' gaskiya ',' Waɗannan fassarorin na gaba na iya zama mafi dacewa saboda Risalat Al-Huobq ya damu da mahimmancin wasu waɗanda dole ne ya bambanta da ra'ayoyin na yamma inda ake fassara haƙƙin ɗan adam a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam. A cikin Islama, duk da haka, kadai haƙƙin mutum na mutum shine na ceto, don isa ga mutum ya bi shiriyar Allah. Ba tare da wannan jagorar ta Allah ba, Musulunci ya koyar, mutumin da ya kasa fahimtar kyawawan bukatunsa a tsakiyar nasa son zuciyarsa da son kai.

Abu Hisalat al-Huquq ya danganci ta Abu Hamiza Al-Thumali, wata kusancin Al-Sajjad. [6] Akwai wadatattun halaye biyu na littafin, daya daga cikinsu ya bayyana a Al-Amali da al-Amali, mai rubuto da masanin Sia Shaykh (D. 991). An hada da wani sigar a cikin Tohaf Al-Uqul, wanda IBn Shu'ba, na zamani ne na al-Saduq. Wannan sigar ta biyu ta ƙunshi bayanai, wataƙila ya kara daga baya ga matani na ainihi. 

## Abin da ke ciki
Risalat al-Hisubq ya fara da gabatarwar da a takaice ya yi nuni da yancin kuma ya fara

Ku sani - Allah ya yi muku rahama! Wasu daga cikin waɗannan haƙƙoƙin sun fi sauransu.

### Hakkokin Allah
Mafi girman haƙƙin Allah a kanku shi ne ku bauta Masa fãce bisa ga Shiga wani abu. Lokacin da kuka yi hakan da gaskiya (Ikhlas), ya sanya shi ɗaure kansa don ba ku isasshen ƙarfi a cikin al'amarin wannan duniya da na gaba.

## Manazarta
Kungiyar Bankin Milk ta Arewacin Amurka

. Human Milk Banking Association of North America (**HMBANA**) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba da izini ga Bankunan madara marasa riba a Amurka da Kanada, tana samar da ka'idoji da jagororin don ba da gudummawar madarar nono a Arewacin Amurka, kuma tana inganta shayarwa da shayarwa. An kafa kungiyar ne a shekarar 1985. Ya zuwa 2022, tana da bankunan madara guda talatin da daya, ciki har da ashirin da takwas a Amurka da uku a Kanada.   FDA ta Amurka ce ta amince da HMBANA,  kuma ana tallafawa ta hanyar biyan kuɗi da gudummawa.

## Ayyuka
Bankunan membobin HMBANA suna ba da madara ga NICU a kan farashi. A cikin 2021, bankunan membobin sun rarraba ruwan Amurka miliyan  (270,000  na madarar nono, karuwar kashi 22% a kan shekarar da ta gabata. A lokacin karancin tsarin jarirai na Amurka na 2022, HMBANA ta ga karuwar kashi ashirin cikin dari a cikin buƙatun madara mai ba da gudummawa, da kuma karuwar aikace-aikacen masu ba da gudana.

Bankunan membobin HMBANA suna bincika masu ba da gudummawa don cututtukan da ke yaduwa, magunguna, da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Ana haɗa madara da aka ba da gudummawa don tabbatar da daidaito, an yi amfani da shi a  ° C (144.5 ° F) na minti 30, kuma an gwada shi don ƙwayoyin cuta kafin da bayan pasteurization. Ana adana madara a daskarewa har sai an kawo ta. Ana ba da madara da aka ba da gudummawa ga jarirai "marasa lafiya", kuma ana iya ba da umarni ga jarirai da ba su da haihuwa, ko waɗanda ke da malabsorption, rashin haƙuri, ƙarancin rigakafi, ko waɗanda aka yi musu tiyata. Lokacin da madara mai bayarwa tana samuwa ga jarirai masu lafiya, ana iya siyan ruwan Amurka 40 (1,200  ba tare da takardar magani ba, a farashin $ 3 zuwa $ 5 a ounce. Cibiyar Kwalejin Kwalejin Yara ta Amurka ta ba da shawarar hana raba madara a waje da bankunan madara.

Littattafan da HMBANA suka rubuta sun haɗa da Jagororin 2018 don Kafawa da Ayyuka na Bankin Milk na Mutum mai ba da gudummawa; 2019 Edition na huɗu na Mafi kyawun Ayyuka don Bayyanawa, Adanawa da Kula da Milk na Dan Adam a Asibitoci, Gidaje, da Tsarin Kula da Yara; da Taimako na Yin Ruwa ga Uwar da ta Makara.

HMBANA tana da hedkwata a Fort Worth, Texas, amma an kafa ta ne a Connecticut.
## Manazarta
Aloba Arch

Aloba Arch wani bango ne na halitta wanda ke cikin Chadi . Manyan arches na halitta suna da wuya a waje da yankunan kudanci da yammacin China da Colorado Plateau na kudu maso yammacin Amurka. Chadi's Ennedi Plateau, wanda ke cikin hamadar Sahara a arewa maso gabashin kasar kusa da Libya da Sudan yana da ilimin ƙasa mai kama da Colorado Plateau kuma ya samar da arches na halitta da yawa da irin wannan yanayin ƙasa, kodayake Aloba ne kawai zai iya da'awar kasancewa a cikin jerin goma mafi tsawo a duniya..

An dauki tsawon Aloba Arch a matsayin 8th mafi tsawo da aka sani, kuma mafi tsawo a waje da China da Utah. Saboda wani bangare na wurin da yake da kuma kwanan nan an gane shi saboda girmansa, kimantawa bisa ga daukar hoto yana samar da kimanin   .  Xianren Bridge (Fairy Bridge) a kasar Sin yana da tsawon mita  (121.9  wanda shine mafi tsawo da aka gano kuma aka auna shi har zuwa yau. Wataƙila mafi ban sha'awa fiye da tsayi, duk da haka, shine tsayin bakan. A    tsawo, yana da hasumiya a kan sanannen Rainbow Bridge kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsayi da aka sani a duniya.

## Manazarta
Wasannin Musulunci na Mata

**Wasannin Musulunci na Mata**, wanda kuma ake kira **Wasannin Olympics na mata Musulmai**,  wani taron wasanni ne na kasa da kasa wanda aka fara a 1993. Ƙungiyar Wasannin Mata ta Musulunci ce ta shirya taron. An ba da izinin mata Musulmai na dukkan ƙasashe su shiga cikin wasannin.

An gudanar da taron a 1993, 1997, 2001, da 2005 a Iran. Wasannin 1993 sun ga 'yan wasa daga kasashe 13,  wanda ya karu zuwa kasashe 44 a shekara ta 2005.  A shekara ta 2001, Burtaniya ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta shiga.  

Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics na Duniya ya amince da wasannin, kuma Mary Glen-Haig ta kula da wasannin farko a 1993 a matsayin wakilin IOC.

## Tarihi
An kafa Tarayyar Wasannin Mata ta Musulunci a shekarar 1991. Faezeh Hashemi, 'yar tsohon shugaban Iran Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, ta taimaka wajen fara wasannin. Hashemi ya kuma yi ƙoƙari ya haɗa da wasu al'amuran rikice-rikice a cikin bikin buɗewa ga kowane wasa, da fatan daidaita shi. A cikin 1996, alal misali, bikin buɗewa ya haɗa da keken keke, wanda ba a yarda mata su yi a fili a lokacin ba. Bikin buɗewa na 2005 ya haɗa da maza da mata suna rawa tare a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban, gami da ballet da disco

Wasanni na farko a 1993 sun haɗa da wasan tennis na mata masu nakasa.

Maza da masu horar da maza ba su nan daga masu sauraro a abubuwan da suka faru na wasanni wanda ya buƙaci karancin jiki, kamar yin iyo, amma an ba su izinin halartar abubuwan da suka shafi wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da harbi, wanda ba ya buƙatar tashi daga Tufafin Islama, da abubuwan da sukawon doki, tunda an tsara mai tsere don masu fafatawa.

Gwamnatin Iran ce ta ba da kuɗin wasannin, sannan masu tallafawa kamfanonin Iran suka biyo baya. A shekara ta 2005, kawai mai tallafawa wanda ba na Iran ba shine Samsung. A wannan shekarar, duk da haka, FIFA ta ba da gudummawar kayan aiki don nuna godiya ga hankalin da wasannin ke kawowa ga futsal

A cikin 2018, Masoud Soltanifar, Ministan Wasanni da Harkokin Matasa na Iran, ya sanar da cewa kasar za ta farfado da taron, kodayake wannan bai yi nasara ba.

## Manufofin

# A wasanni da gasa ta kasa da kasa, matan musulmai ba za su iya yin gasa ba tare da tufafi masu kariya da kayan gashi ba bisa ga Islama.
# Karfafa mata Musulmai don cimma gasa ta duniya, a yankin, nahiyar, duniya da kuma Olympic sikelin.
# Wasannin Musulunci na Mata za su kasance taron kasa da kasa, kuma za a adana rikodin wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasa.

## Littattafai

## Wasanni

## Yawan lambobin yabo
Kasashe ashirin da biyar sun lashe akalla lambar yabo daya a Wasannin Musulunci na Mata; kasashe ashirin na uku sun lashe akasin lambar zinare daya. Ya zuwa wasannin 2005, Iran ta lashe lambobin zinare mafi yawa da kuma lambobin yabo mafi yawa.
 

## Dubi kuma

* Wasannin Haɗin Kai na Musulunci
* Wasannin Musulunci
* Mata Musulmi a wasanni
* Wasanni na mata

## Manazarta
Hannah Alper

**Hannah Alper** (an haife ta a shekara ta 2002/2003) 'yar gwagwarmayar Kanada ce, Mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo, kuma 'ɗan jarida wacce ta kasance mai aiki a waɗannan fannoni kafin ta kasance matashiya.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Hannah Alper a shekara ta 2002 ko  ga Candace da Eric Alper. A cikin 2013, mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki "taimaka wa yara a cikin al'ummarsu ta hanyar shirye-shiryen zamantakewa da sansanonin bazara da maganin kiɗa" mahaifinta ya yi aiki ga eOne Music Canada yayin da ya kafa sadaka don siyan kayan jin yara masu bukata. A cikin 2020 iyalin suna zaune a unguwar Toronto na Richmond Hill, Ontario . 
 
A watan Yulin 2012, Alper ta kaddamar da shafinta na yanar gizo -Ka kira Ni Hannah - inda ta yi magana game da muhimman abubuwan da suka haifar mata: jin daɗin dabbobi, lalacewar mazauni, da yanayin yanayi; a cikin shekara, shafinta na shafin ya sami ra'ayoyin shafi 100,000. A shekara ta 2020 ta fadada shawararta zuwa adawa da zalunci da "haɓaka", abin da ta bayyana a matsayin "canja al'ummominmu da duniya ta hanyar alheri. " A lokaci guda, shafin yanar gizon ta yana da "babban mabiya", ya tara mabiya 40000 na Twitter, mabiya 13000 na Instagram, kuma ya sami hira da George Stroumboulopoulos.

A cikin 2013, The Grid ta yaba wa Alper saboda gwagwarmayarta a cikin "3rd Annual Menschies". Ta ba da jawabi mai motsawa ga ME ga WE, ta yi aiki a matsayin jakada don Free the Children,  ta yi magana a taron Toronto na Asusun Kula da namun daji na Duniya don Sa'a ta Duniya, kuma ta tara CA $ 975 (a cikin dinari) daga yara masu makaranta don Free the Kids . An kalli jawabinta na TEDx na 2014, "Yadda za a sami haskenka", sau sama da 2400 a cikin ƙasa da mako guda. Lilly Singh ne ya zaba shi a cikin 2017,  Alper shine kadai matashi na mutane 19 na *Bloomberg Businessweek* don kallo a cikin 2018. A tsakiyar shekara ta 2020, ta ba da "mafiye da jawabai 400", kuma an zabe ta a matsayin co-shugaban Kungiyar Matasa ta B'nai B'rith ta yankin Lake Ontario . 

## Jarida
A matsayinta na ɗan jarida,  Alper ya rubuta wa The Huffington Post  kuma ya yi hira da Malala Yousafzai,  Craig Kielburger, Spencer West,  Jian Ghomeshi, da Severn Cullis-Suzuki. A cikin 2013, Alper shine mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo na Juno Awards. An sake shi a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 2017, littafin farko na Alper - Momentus: Small Acts, Big Change - tarin tambayoyin ne tare da 19 daga cikin abubuwan da ta taka (ciki har da Singh, Yousafzai, da Lily Collins), suna fatan karfafa matasa su dauki mataki kuma su yi canje-canjen da suke so su gani a duniya. 2020 ta ga Alper fasalin a cikin matukin jirgi na *CitizenKid*: Duniya ta zo na farko, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da aka daidaita daga jerin Kids Can Press na littattafan CitizenKid; ita, Cooper Price, Charlene Rocha, da kuma tauraron jerin Sophia Mathur "sun shirya don magance matsalolin canjin yanayi daga hangen nesa na matasa na yau. "

## Manazarta
Ka zo ko zo

Come na iya nufin:zo

## Wuraren da aka yi

* Ka zo, ƙauyen wani polis na Girka
* Comè, birni da gari a Benin
* Come (Tenos), wani tsohon gari a tsibirin Tenos, Girka

## Waƙoƙi

* Come (ƙungiyar Amurka), ƙungiyar indie rock ta Amurka da aka kafa a cikin 1990
* Come (ƙungiyar Burtaniya), aikin hayaniya da aka kafa a 1979 
** Come Organisation, lakabin rikodin sa
* Come (album), wani kundi na 1994 na Prince
* "Come", waƙar Fleetwood Mac daga Say You Will, 2003
* "Come" (Waƙar Jaina) , 2015
* "Come" (waƙar Jenny Berggren) , 2015

## Sauran

* COMe, COM Express, nau'in kwamfuta guda ɗaya
* Sakamakon da za a iya yin fare a cikin craps, daga inda kalmar caca ta gaba ɗaya

## Dubi kuma

* Cum (disambiguation) 
* Saint-Côme (disambiguation) 
* Kum (rashin fahimta) 
* Kome (rashin fahimta)
Itacen da ke da sauƙin gaske

An kafa aikin Easy Treesie a matsayin shirin Ayyukan Yanayi. Manufarta ita ce dasa bishiyoyi miliyan daya tare da yara masu zuwa makaranta da al'ummominsu a Ireland. Shirin ya dauki bakuncin Kwalejin Itace ta Tsire-tsire 4 a Baldoyle, 2017, Malahide, 2019, Kwalejin Royal Irish, 2020 da Kwalejin Tree ta farko a kan layi a cikin 2020. Tare da hadin gwiwar Majalisar Itace ta Ireland an rarraba bishiyoyi sama da 500,000 ta wannan shirin tun lokacin da aka fara hada kai da Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Ireland a lokacin Makon Kimiyya ta Kasa a watan Nuwamba 2019, lokacin da aka dasa bishiyoyi 30,000 a cikin mako guda.

## Manazarta
Bala'i

* Calamity (album) , ta Labule (2008) Calamity (wasan allo), wasan allo wanda Wasannin Wasanni ya fitar a cikin 1983
* Calamity (fim), fim din Czechoslovak na 1982
* Calamity, yarantaka na Martha Jane Cannary, fim din motsa jiki na 2020
* Calamity, littafi na uku a cikin jerin The Reckoners na Brandon Sanderson
* Calamity Coyote, wani hali na almara a cikin Tiny Toon Adventures
* Calamity James, wani ɗan littafin ban dariya na Burtaniya daga The *Beano*
* Calamity Jane (fim) , fim din 1953 wanda ya dogara da mutumin
* Calamity Town, wani littafi na 1942 na Ellery Queen
* The Calamity, wani muhimmin batu na shirin don wasan bidiyo na 2011 Bastion*Ginin*
* Calamity, wani tsari ne na *Ƙasa* bidiyo na 2011 Terraria
* "Calamity", waƙar Zayn daga kundin sa na 2021 Nobody Is Listening*Babu Wanda Yake Sauraro*
* "Calamity", ikon da 'Wonder of U' ke amfani da shi a cikin 2011 manga JoJ milion*JoJ milion*

## Sauran amfani

* Bala'i, mummunan abu
* *Al-Qaria* (Turanci: *bala'i*), sura ta 101 ta Alkur'ani game da ƙarshen lokaci
* Calamity Jane (1852-1903), mace mai iyaka ta Amurka
* Calamity Ganon, ko kuma kawai Ganon, wani hali a cikin jerin wasannin bidiyo na The Legend of Zelda

## Dubi kuma

* All pages with titles containing Calamity
* All pages with titles beginning with Calamity
Tsibirin Arch

**Tsibirin Arch** (Spanish) rukuni ne na ƙananan tsibirai, a Port Albemarle a Yammacin Falkland a Tsibirin Falkland . Ba a zaune a cikinsu ba, kuma ana iya isa su ne kawai ta jirgin ruwa. Ana kiransu haka ne saboda mafi girma daga cikin rukuni yana da kusurwar halitta a ciki, babba don ba da izinin jirgin ruwa mai girman gaske.

Tsibirin sun hada da:

* Babban Tsibirin Arch
* Tsibirin Clump
* Tsibirin Tussac
* Dutsen Pyramid
* Dutse na Ƙarshe
* Dutsen Albemarle

## Manazarta
David Gottfried

**David Gottfried** ɗan ƙasar Amirka ne mai haɓaka ƙasa, marubuci, kuma mai fafutukar gina gine-gine. A matsayinsa na wanda ya kafa Majalisar Green Building ta Amurka (USGBC) da Majalisar Green Building Ta Duniya,  an san shi da mahaifin ƙungiyar gine-Ginin kore. 

## Ayyuka

### Gidajen Gine-gine na Green
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1993, Gottfried, a lokacin manajan gine-gine ne kuma mai haɓaka ƙasa,  tare da Michael Italiano, lauyan muhalli, da Rick Fedrizzi, shugaban tallan muhalli a Carrier a lokacin, sun kafa kungiyar Green Building Council (USGBC), don inganta ayyukan ɗorewa a cikin gine-gine da masana'antar gine-gine  tare da manufar inganta aikin gini.

Daga ƙarshe sun ci gaba da ƙirƙirar tsarin takardar shaidar gini na LEED a cikin shekara ta 2000. Ta hanyar USGBC, LEED ya girma ya zama mafi yawan amfani da kuma sanannun tsarin ƙididdigar gine-gine a duniya   tare da ayyukan LEED 197,000 a cikin ƙasashe da yankuna 186 kuma yana rufe sama da murabba'in ƙafa biliyan 29 tun daga 2024.

Gottfried ya kirkiro kuma ya gudanar da kafa "United Nations of the Green Building Councils" tare da taron kafa Majalisar Green Building ta Duniya da aka gudanar a California, Amurka a 1999. A shekara ta 2002, an kafa WorldGBC a hukumance tare da ƙasashe: Ostiraliya, Brazil, Kanada, Indiya, Japan, Mexico, Spain, da Amurka. Yanzu akwai Green Building Councils a cikin kasashe sama da 100.

### Sauran ayyukan
Gottfried a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin babban jami'in kasuwanci na Blue Planet Systems, wanda ke haifar da haɗin Limestone na Synthetic tare da yiwuwar adana gigatons na CO2 har abada a cikin ƙaramin carbon.

Ya kafa WorldBuild Technologies Inc, kamfanin mai ba da shawara kan ci gaba mai ɗorewa na San Francisco,  tare da abokan ciniki kamar Yahoo, Starbucks, DreamWorks SKG, Jami'ar Stanford, Williams-Sonoma, Genentech, Jihar California da San Diego Gas &amp;amp; Electric,  kuma a baya ya kasance Shugaba na Reset360, Regenerative Ventures da RegenNetwork.  Ya kuma rike manyan mukamai a Thomas Properties Group, SIGAL Construction Corporation, Intertech Development Company, da Sigal / Zuckerman Company.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Gottfried ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Stanford tare da digiri a Injiniya da Gudanar da albarkatu. 

Gottfried mai zane-zane ne na zamani. Ya riga ya auri Dokta Sara Gottfried, masanin kimiyya, mai bincike, MD, kuma marubuci   kuma shi ne mahaifin 'ya'ya mata biyu. 

## Bayanan littattafai

### Littattafai
Tushen: 

* *Haɗuwa zuwa Green: Canjin Masana'antu da Rayuwa* (2004)  
* Greening My Life: A Green Building Pioneer Takes on His Most Challenging Project (2010)  
* *Fashewar Green: Tafiyar Mutum ɗaya zuwa Green Masana'antar Duniya Mafi Girma* (2014)  

## Manazarta
Michael Haddad

**Michael Haddad** ɗan wasan ƙwararren ɗan wasan Lebanon ne, ɗan kasuwa na zamantakewa kuma mai fafutukar yanayi. Shi ne jakadan kirki na yankin na Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP). 

Michael ya sha wahala daga hatsarin jirgin sama yana da shekaru 6, wanda ya bar shi gurgu daga kirji zuwa ƙasa. Ko da yake ya gurgunta, yana fuskantar ayyuka daban-daban, gami da gajeren tafiya, Marathon da hawan duwatsu.

## Ayyuka
Michael mai riƙe da rikodin duniya ne a cikin tafiya, hawa da kuma dusar ƙanƙara a cikin matsanancin yanayi na Lebanon. Ya haye matakai 19 km- 60,000 a kan hanyoyin tsaunuka da ke kira ga sake dasa bishiyoyi na Cedar na Lebanon. Ya hau mita 40 a kan Dutsen Raouché a Beirut don jawo hankali ga gurɓataccen ruwa. Ya hau saman 'Black Peak' na Yankin MENA don jaddada bukatar daukar mataki game da Canjin yanayi.&nbsp;

Haddad ya yi aiki a matsayin Gwarzon Canjin Yanayi na UNDP a Lebanon a 2016-2017. 

A watan Satumbar 2019, an nada shi a matsayin jakadan alheri don aikin yanayi ta Ofishin Yankin na Kasashen Larabawa (RBAS) a cikin UNDP.

Ana gayyatarsa akai-akai a matsayin babban jawabi da mai magana mai motsawa a cikin shirye-shiryen kasa da kasa.

## Manazarta
Arco na halitta

Arco Naturale wani baka ne na halitta a gabar gabashin tsibirin Capri . Tun daga zamanin Paleolithic, shine ragowar wani kogo da ya rushe. Ginin ya kai mita 12 a tsawo na mita 18 sama da ƙasa kuma ya ƙunshi dutse mai laushi.

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Fayil:Arco_Naturale_(52216175763).jpg
Fayil:Natural_Arch_Capri.jpg
Fayil:Arco_naturale_2004-07-22_capri.jpg|View from below
Fayil:William_Stanley_Haseltine_--_Arco_Naturale,_Capri.jpg|Painting by William Stanley Haseltine


## Manazarta
Babbar gada ta Aruba

Ginin Aruba Natural Bridge ya kasance abin jan hankali ga yawon bude ido a Aruba wanda aka kafa ta halitta daga dutse mai laushi. Ya rushe a ranar 2 ga Satumba 2005. 

Ginin halitta, wanda ke auna kimanin ƙafa 25 (7.6 tsawo da ƙafa 100 (30 tsawon, shine ragowar tsohuwar kogo.

## Manazarta
Maheder Haileselassie

**Maheder Haileselassie Tadese** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1990) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma mai ɗaukar hoto na Habashawa.

An haifi Haileselassie kuma ta girma a Addis Ababa a shekarar 1990. Tana jami'a tana karatun injiniyan farar hula. Sha'awarta ta zama daukar hoto a shekarar karshe ta karatun kuma a shekarar 2013 sha'awarta mafi mahimmanci ita ce daukar hoto.

Tana gudanar da *Cibiyar daukar hoto* don karfafa matasa masu daukar hoto a Habasha.  Ta soki aikin mai daukar hoto Mahesh Shantaram wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya rubuta tasirin mulkin mallaka, amma ta sami aikinsa matsala yayin da take jin cewa yana kirkirar siffofi waɗanda ke don jin daɗin mai kallo. Tana tunanin wannan ra'ayi ne na mulkin mallaka inda mata suke tsirara ba tare da wani bukata ba don sha'awar masu sauraro na yamma.

Haileselassie ta lashe Kyautar daukar hoto ta Afirka ta zamani ta 2023 .  Sauran masu daukar hoto guda hudu da suka lashe sun kasance Nadia Ettwein, Yassmin Forte, Carlos Idun-Tawiah da Léonard Pongo.

An zaba ta a matsayin daya daga cikin Mata 100 masu ban sha'awa na BBC a 2024. BBC da  The Guardian sun ja hankalin aikinta a 2024 inda ta rubuta tasirin canjin yanayi ga 'yan mata. Yawan auren yara a Somaliya ya ninka fiye da ninki biyu yayin da iyalai ke ƙoƙarin magance karancin abinci da ruwa. Hotunanta suna nuna 'yan mata kuma suna rubuta tasirin fari a kan wuri mai faɗi.

## Manazarta
Nicole Becker

**Nicole** "**Nicki**" **Becker** (Buenos Aires)  'yar gwagwarmayar yanayi ce daga Argentina kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Jóvenes por el Clima, wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar Jumma'a don Ƙomar gaba.  Becker ya zama zakaran matasa na Yarjejeniyar Escazu da Tsabtace-tsabtace da Ruwa ga Dukkanin (SWA) a cikin 2021.

## Tarihi da ilimi
Becker 'yar mahaifin da yake lauya ne mai aikata laifuka kuma mahaifiyar da ke koyar da lissafi kuma tana zaune a Caballito . [1] Bayan ta fahimci canjin yanayi yana da tasirin zamantakewa da na muhalli, Becker ta canza tafarkinta a kwaleji daga ilimin halayyar dan adam zuwa dokar kasa da kasa a shekarar farko.[2] A halin yanzu tana karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Buenos Aires.

## Yunkurin fafutuka
Tun tana 'yar shekara takwas, Becker ta riga ta shiga Habonim Dror kuma ta kasance wani ɓangare na Ni una menos .  Yunkurin kare muhalli ya fara ne a watan Fabrairun 2019 lokacin da ta ga bidiyon Instagram na matasa suna yin tafiya a Turai, kuma Greta Thunberg ta zama cibiyar batun. Saboda an gudanar da Maris na farko na Duniya don Rikicin Yanayi a ranar 15 ga Maris, 2019, Becker, Bruno Rodriguez, da sauran abokansu uku sun yanke shawarar neman Jóvenes por el Clima, wani ɓangare na Yanayin Matasa, a ƙarshen Fabrairu 2019. Sun yanke shawarar shirya tafiyar a Argentina, tare da mutane 5,000 bayan kafa kungiyar. Kungiyar tana tura Argentina don yin Sanarwar Gaggawa ta Yanayi da Muhalli. Gwamnati a karshe ta ayyana a ranar 17 ga Yulin 2019.  A cikin 2019, ta sami tallafi don halartar taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Yanayi a Madrid a madadin matasa na Argentina. A matsayin wani ɓangare na kamfen ɗin UnaSolaGeneración a Ranar Yara ta Duniya ta UNICEF da America Solidaria don inganta canjin yanayi ga matasa a kusa da Latin Amurka da Caribbean a lokacin annobar COVID-19, Becker ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wakilan.  A cikin 2019, Becker ya zo Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2019 a ƙarƙashin tallafin a matsayin wakilin matasa na Argentina.  Daga baya, ta koma Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2021 kuma ta sadu da Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dattijai Antonio Guterres . 

## Daraja
Majalisar Wakilai ta ba ta difloma da lambar yabo don girmama gudummawar da ta bayar ga aikin zamantakewa a ranar 10 ga Maris 2020.  The Access Initiative (TAI), Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Latin Amurka da Caribbean (UN ECLAC), da Gwamnatin Costa Rica sun nada Becker a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan wasa biyar na matasa da suka gaji David R. Boyd a ranar cika shekaru biyu da Yarjejeniyar Escazu  a matsayin Mataimakin Matasa na UNICEF a cikin 2020.  A cikin 2021, SWA ta zaba ta a matsayin "Matashiyar Gasar Shirin".

## Ayyuka
Becker ya zama mai karɓar bakuncin shirin rediyo na FutuRöck mai taken Permitido pisar el pasto tare da Rodriguez . [1] Ita ma marubuciya ce ga El Diario.

## Manazarta
Bogenfels

**Bogenfels** wani wuri ne a cikin hamadar Namib ta Namibia, wanda aka sani da Tsarin dutse na halitta (saboda haka sunan, wanda ke nufin "dutse na baka" a cikin Jamusanci).  Babban tsari shine dutse mai tsayi 55-mita (180  kusa da bakin teku. Ba shi da sauƙin isa, saboda ƙasar da wurin da yake a cikin wani yanki mai ƙuntataccen ma'adinai na lu'u-lu'u Sperrgebiet, a 27 ° 28'S, kimanin kilomita 95 (59  kudu da Lüderitz da kilomita 32 (20  kudu maso gabashin Pomona amma akwai yawon shakatawa na hukuma.

## Ilimin ƙasa
Tare da matsayi mafi girma a mita 55 (180 sama da matakin teku, tsari shine cakuda dolomite mai wuya da shale mai laushi.

## Gidauniyar
An kafa wani yanki a yankin bayan an gano lu'u-lu'u. A shekara ta 1950, an kwashe shi kuma ya kasance gari ne mai fatalwa tun lokacin. Hanyar jirgin kasa mai amfani da wutar lantarki mai zaman kanta ta taɓa aiki da masana'antar hakar lu'u-lu'u. Ya gudu kilomita 119 (74  ta hanyar Pomona zuwa Kolmanskop kuma tashar wutar lantarki ta   a Lüderitz ce ke ba da wutar lantarki. An kammala shi a 1913 amma sojojin Afirka ta Kudu sun lalata shi a yakin duniya na 1915. 

## Manazarta
Chink (geology)

chalk (Russian) kalma ce ta yanki a Asiya ta Tsakiya don tsaunuka masu tsawo da tsaunuka na tsaunuka har zuwa 350 m, sau da yawa a kusa da tsaunukan tsaunuka. Su ne sakamakon denudation da Abrasion a lokacin koma baya na Caspian  da Aral  teku. Yawancin lokaci ana iya samun su a Yankin Mangyshlak (Kenderli-Kayasan nature reserve) da Ustyurt Plateau (Ust'urt Nature reserve). Chinks na iya haifar da tasowa na tectonic. Yawancin lokaci ana kirkirar su ne lokacin da manyan duwatsu masu wuya suka rufe nau'ikan dutse mai laushi.&nbsp;

Ana kiran chinks da aka raba su ostantsy (останцы) a cikin Rasha, a zahiri suna kama da kalmar "rashin".

Ustyurt Plateau kusan an iyakance shi gaba ɗaya da chinks a kowane bangare. A gabas ita ce tsohuwar gabar yammacin Tekun Aral, a kudu ta fashe zuwa filin Kunya-Darya (Куня-Darья) da kwarin Uzboy, a yamma zuwa bakin ciki na Karynyaryk da yashi na Arewacin Caspian Sea Karakum, kuma a arewa zuwa bakin ciki.  Ustyurt chinks sau da yawa suna da yadudduka masu launi daban-daban, tare da launuka na launin ruwan hoda, shuɗi, fari mai haske, da sauransu; kuma suna iya samar da shimfidar wurare masu kyau.

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Fayil:Kyzylkup_site_at_Ustyurt_Nature_Reserve.jpg| Kyzylkup
Fayil:Урочище_Онере,_сор_Кендирли.jpg| *Ostantsy* in Kendirli Lake 
Fayil:Кокосем.jpg|Karakiya District, Ustyurt
Fayil:Меловые_горы_в_Мангистауской_области_Казахстана.jpg| , Karakiya
Fayil:Bozjyra_Gorge_50MP_Panorama.jpg|Bozzhyra "fangs"


## Manazarta
Owiny Hakim

## Rayuwa ta farko da asali
In the early 1980s, he grew up in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps in northern Uganda which is surrounded by conflict and political instability, disinformation and misinformation fueled violence, social division, and unrest due to the rampant spread of false characterizations of the people in IDP camps as violent. In 2014, he lost a friend named Akena to a shooting in Kampala having survived Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) rebellion days. Both Owiny and Akena went to Layibi College in Gulu district and then sat for advanced level in 2004.

Owiny ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta Kampala kuma ta sami digiri na farko a cikin Gwamnatin Jama'a.

## Yunkurin fafutuka
Shi malami ne na al'umma wanda ya ba da ikon matasa su bincika kalubalen al'umma kuma su nemi hana rikice-rikice da tashin hankali tare da babban burin bunkasa al'ummomi masu aminci da hada kai ga tsara mai zuwa.

## Manazarta
Zain Haq

**Mohammad Zain Ul Haq** (Zain Haq) (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2001) ɗan gwagwarmayar canjin yanayi ne, wanda ya zama sananne a Vancouver, Kanada, don kamfen da yawa da ke buƙatar mataki kan rikicin yanayi. 

Ya samu nasarar jagorantar yajin aikin yunwa a Jami'ar Simon Fraser (SFU) wanda ya jagoranci jami'ar ta fitar da saka hannun jari a cikin ayyukan man fetur. An kuma san shi da kasancewa mai magana da yawun Extinction Rebellion da kuma kamfen din Save Old Growth wanda ya bukaci kawo karshen tsohuwar ci gaban katako a British Columbia (BC).

A watan Yuni, 2022, Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Kan Iyakoki ta Kanada (CBSA) ta soke takardar izinin ɗalibinsa a lokacin da ya kai ga yunƙurinsa, kuma kafin duk wani ƙarami na laifi, yana mai cewa Haq ba ya kan hanyar kammala digiri';  an yi wannan ba tare da shaida ba kuma ya haifar da Haq ya rasa matsayi a Kanada.    Tun daga wannan lokacin, SFU ya buga wasiƙar da ke nuna cewa Haq yana kan hanya don kammala digiri kuma ya cancanci komawa SFU kuma ya kammala karatunsa a kwanan wata.

Zain ta auri 'yar gwagwarmaya Sophia Jane Papp a 2023 a cibiyar al'umma a Vancouver. 

A watan Janairun, 2025, an kori Zain daga Kanada zuwa Pakistan saboda sa hannu a cikin gwagwarmayar canjin yanayi duk da shigar da tsohon Ministan Shige da Fice, Marc Miller.

Yanzu akwai kamfen  don shawo kan gwamnatin Kanada don dawo da Zain zuwa Kanada don nuna godiya ga kulawarsa ga namun daji na Kanada.

Magoya bayan Zain sun yi imanin cewa korarsa ta haifar da tambayoyi game da ikon tilasta bin doka da tsarin farar hula a kan kudin zaɓaɓɓun jami'ai.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Haq ya fito ne daga Karachi, Pakistan, inda dan shekara 12 ya fara gwagwarmayarsa ta hanyar tara kudade ga wadanda ambaliyar Pakistan-Afghanistan ta 2013 ta shafa. A cikin 2019, ya koma Kanada don nazarin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Simon Fraser, a British Columbia . Ya shiga rassan gida na kungiyoyin muhalli da yawa, ciki har da Extinction Rebellion kuma daga baya ya kafa Save Old Growth .

A watan Nuwamba na 2021, Jami'ar Simon Fraser ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta fitar da man fetur bayan wani rukuni na dalibai ciki har da Haq sun yi barazanar yajin aikin yunwa.

An kama Haq sau da yawa dangane da gwagwarmayarsa ta yanayi. A watan Satumbar 2021, an kama shi ne saboda toshe bishiyoyi don bututun Trans Mountain, an yanke masa hukuncin kwana 14 a kurkuku saboda cin zarafin kotu. A watan Oktoba na 2021, an kama shi bayan ya shiga cikin zanga-zangar da ta toshe babbar hanyar zuwa Filin jirgin saman Vancouver, an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin kwana 6 da watanni biyu na kama gida.

Dangane da kama shi saboda gwagwarmayarsa ta yanayi, Hukumar Kula da Yanayin Kanada (CBSA) tana neman korar Haq, wanda zai sanya shi daya daga cikin shari'o'i na farko a tarihin Kanada na korar mai gwagwarmaya. A watan Yunin 2022, CBSA ta ba da sammaci don kama shi, ta zarge shi da keta biza ta dalibi kuma ta umarce shi da ya bar Kanada da son rai. An soke biza ta dalibi.

## Manazarta
Tsohon dutse

wanka dutse-tsohon shine ɓangaren geological na dutse wanda ya fi tsayayya da rushewa fiye da shimfidar ko shimfidar ƙasa kuma saboda haka yana samar da ƙwayoyin da ke da kusurwoyi masu tsawo. Ya fi ko žasa daidai da ridge-tsohon, kuma ana iya bambanta shi da gangaren-tsohon. A cikin mahalli mai laushi, sandstones yawanci suna da dutse. A cikin yanayin busasshiyar ƙasa, dutse mai laushi sau da yawa masu samar da dutse ne. Lavas na baya-bayan nan na iya zama masu samar da dutse.

A cikin Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians na gabashin Amurka manyan masu samar da tuddai sune Tuscarora, Pocono, da Pottsville Formations.

## Manazarta
Kayan muhalli

**Kayan muhalli** shine kayan da aka tsarawa musamman domin wani yanayi, yawanci wanda ba haka ba yana da ƙiyayya ga mutane. Kayan muhalli yawanci tufafi ne guda ɗaya, kuma nau'ikan da yawa suna da kwalkwali ko wasu murfin kai. Inda mahalli da ke kewaye da shi yana da haɗari sosai an rufe shi gaba ɗaya.

Kayan muhalli na farko sune kayan nutsewa da aka tsara don kare mai nutsewa daga ruwan da ke kewaye da shi (duba jadawalin fasahar karkashin ruwa). Daga baya an tsara ci gaba don kare mai sa daga sanyi (misali riguna da sauran rigunan matsin lamba na yanayi) ko kuma daga matsin lamba mai zurfi da sakamakon rashin lafiya (misali tufafin nutsewa na yanayi). Kare mai sa daga sanyi kuma alama ce ta rigunan kankara.

A cikin jirgin sama, matsa lamba ya dace da kare matukan jirgin daga hypoxia / rashin lafiya mai tsayi, da g-suits daga mummunan tasirin haɓakawa (rashin hankali da ya haifar da nauyi, ko G-LOC).  Mafi matsananciyar ƙarar muhalli ne 'yan sama jannati ke amfani da su don kare su yayin hawan da kuma lokacin da suke cikin sararin samaniya: kwat da wando na sararin samaniya da kuma dacewa da ayyukan sararin samaniya.  Irin waɗannan kwat da wando suna tallafawa kansu, kuma sun haɗa da samar da iskar oxygen ga mai sawa.

Ana amfani da kayan muhalli don kare mai sa daga gurɓataccen (misali kayan haɗari), ko kuma don kare muhalli daga gurɓatawa daga mai sa (duba kayan ɗaki mai tsabta). Ma'anar rigar muhalli da ke kare wani daga gurɓataccen abu ne na yaro a cikin kumfa: duka David Vetter da Ted DeVita a wani lokaci sun yi amfani da irin waɗannan riguna.

## Dubi kuma

* Kayan kariya na mutum
* Kayan nutsewa na sararin samaniya
* Kayan sanyi mai tsanani
* Rashin Tsayayya da Wutar Muhalli
* Kayan sararin samaniya

## Manazarta
Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin arzikin Muhalli

***Tattalin Arziki da [[Harkokin tattalin arziki na muhalli|Tattalin arzikin muhalli]]*** (ERE) mujallar ilimi ne da Aka sake dubawa da ke rufe tattalin arzikin muhalli da ake bugawa a kowane wata a cikin kundi na uku a kowace shekara. Ita ce mujallar hukuma ta Ƙungiyar Turai ta Masana Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Ruwa. Tun daga shekara ta 1991, tana da tasiri mai yawa a fannin tattalin arzikin muhalli.

## Bayanan da aka ambata


## Haɗin da ya shafi

* Ƙungiyar Turai ta Masana Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Ruwa (EAERE)
Dutse da wutsiya

**dutse** (wani lokacin ana rubuta shi cragg, ko a Scotland craig) dutse ne mai dutse ko dutse, yawanci an ware shi daga wasu tsaunuka. 

## Asalin
Ana kafa duwatsu lokacin da kankara ko kankara ya wuce wani yanki wanda ya ƙunshi wani dutse mai tsayayya (sau da yawa dutse, dutsen dutse ko wasu tsarin dutse). Ƙarfin kankara yana lalata kayan da ke kewaye da su, yana barin dutsen da ke fitowa daga yankin da ke kewayen. Sau da yawa dutsen yana aiki ne a matsayin mafaka ga kayan da suka fi taushi a cikin kankara, wanda ya kasance a matsayin fan ko tudun da ke samar da ramuka (wanda ake kira **wutsiya**) a gefen leeward na dutsen.

A cikin tsofaffin misalai, ko waɗanda ke kewaye da teku, wutsiyar sau da yawa ta ɓace, bayan an cire ta hanyar rushewar bayan dusar ƙanƙara.

## Misalan
Misalan dutse da tsarin wutsiya sun hada da:

* Edinburgh)" id="mwKQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Castle Rock (Edinburgh)">Castle Rock (dutse, shafin Edinburgh Castle) da Royal Mile (wutsiya), a Edinburgh, Scotland
* Salisbury Crags da Arthur's Seat, a Edinburgh
* Dokar Arewacin Berwick, a Arewacin Berwi, Scotland
* Uku a cikin ko kusa da Stirling, Scotland, gami da dutsen da Stirlings Castle ke tsaye
* "Scrabo Hill" a cikin Newtownards, Arewacin Ireland, shafin yanar gizon Scrabo TowerHasumiyar Scrabo
* Ailsa Craig, sananne ne ga hakar dutse
* An gano siffofin dutse da wutsiya a kan tashar Amundsen Sea daga Yammacin Antarctica.

## Manazarta
Dutsen

ilimin ƙasa, **dutse** (ko da wuya kwano)  wani yanki ne na dutse tare da girman da ya fi   in) a diamita.  Ƙananan ɓangarori ana kiransu cobbles da pebbles. Duk da yake dutse na iya zama karami don motsawa ko mirgina da hannu, wasu suna da yawa sosai. A cikin amfani na yau da kullun, dutse ya yi yawa don mutum ya motsa. Ƙananan duwatsu galibi ana kiransu duwatsu ko duwatsu.

## Magana
Kalmar *dutse* ta samo asali ne daga *dutse na dutse*, daga Turanci na Tsakiya *bulderston* ko Swedish *bullersten.* 

## Game da
A wuraren da kankara ta rufe a lokacin zamanin kankara, kamar Scandinavia, arewacin Arewacin Amurka, da Siberia, rikice-rikice na kankara sun zama ruwan dare. Erratics duwatsu ne da aka karɓa ta kankara yayin ci gaban su, kuma aka ajiye su lokacin da suka narke. Wadannan duwatsu ana kiransu "rashin daidaituwa" saboda yawanci suna da nau'in dutse daban-daban fiye da dutsen da aka ajiye su. Ana amfani da ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan dutse a Matsayi ma'auni na Bronze Horseman a Saint Petersburg, Rasha.

Wasu sanannun dutsen sun haɗa da manyan duwatsu da aka fallasa ta hanyar rushewa, kamar Marbles na Iblis a Yankin Arewa Australia, basalts na Horeke a New Zealand, inda duk kwarin ya ƙunshi duwatsu kawai, da Baths a tsibirin Virgin Gorda a cikin tsibirin Virgin Islands na Burtaniya.

Ana samun clasts masu girman dutse a wasu duwatsu masu laushi, kamar su conglomerate da yumɓu na dutse.

## Dubi kuma

* Bouldering, hawa kyauta da aka yi a kan ƙananan dutse ko bangon hawa na wucin gadihawan ganuwar
* Dutsen Moeraki, manyan duwatsu masu siffar ƙwallo da aka samu a New Zealand
* Monolith, fasalin yanayin ƙasa wanda ya ƙunshi babban dutse guda ɗaya
* Jerin duwatsu
* Masu iyo

## Manazarta
Kungiyar Matasa ta Kanada

**Kungiyar Matasa ta [[Kanada]]** (**CYCC**) kungiya ce ta matasa mai zaman kanta a Kanada. Kungiyar ta kunshi kungiyoyin matasa daban-daban, wadanda suka hada da Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Kanada, Kungiyar Kwadago ta Kanada, Ƙungiyar matasa ta Sierra, da sauransu. Ayyukan agaji suna da niyyar ba da fifiko ga canjin yanayi a matsayin batun al'umma. A kasa da kasa, hadin gwiwar na daga cikin Yunkurin Yanayin Matasa na Duniya.

## Tarihi
A watan Satumbar 2006, kungiyoyin matasa 48 daga ko'ina cikin Kanada sun hadu don tattauna canjin yanayi kuma sun kafa Kungiyar Matasa ta Kanada.  Kungiyar hadin gwiwa tana aiki ne a matsayin ƙungiyar matsa lamba, don ƙarfafa 'yan siyasa suyi aiki a kan batun canjin yanayi. Watanni biyu bayan kafuwarta, duk 'yan majalisa daga New Democratic Party sun sanya hannu kan sanarwar hadin gwiwar matasa na Kanada, wanda shine takarda ga gwamnatin Kanada don yin aiki kan canjin yanayi.

## Kamfen ɗin
**Wakilin Matasan Kanada** 

Daga 2007 zuwa 2011, Yanayin Matasan Kanada ya shirya tawagar matasa zuwa Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don isar da muryar ƙungiyar matasa ta Kanada. A taron a shekara ta 2007, wani memba na tawagar matasa ta Kanada ya gabatar da jawabi a madadin Greenpeace Solar Generation, Environnement Jeunesse, SustainUS, Australian Youth Climate Coalition da kuma Canadian Youth Climate Haɗin gwiwar, ga wakilan daga kasashe sama da 150.  An zaɓi ƙungiyar matasa 20 na Kanada don zuwa COP17 a Durban.

**Canjin Ikon**
 
Har ila yau, Ƙungiyar Matasan Yanayi ta Kanada ta shirya taron PowerShift na Kanada a cikin 2009 da 2011 kuma ta ba da sansanonin horar da Power Summer a duk faɗin ƙasar a cikin 2010.

**Lokacin bazara na wutar lantarki**

Kowace sansanin ta haɗa da horo a cikin ilimi, aiki da dabarun, sadarwa, saƙo, tsara kamfen, da sauran ƙwarewar shirya, yayin da muke gina fahimtarmu game da Adalci na yanayi da kuma yadda muke gina motsi don samun shi. Wadannan sansanoni na kwana uku, na karshen mako za su yi amfani da shiga, ilimi kai tsaye don horar da tsara mai zuwa na masu ba da shawara kan yanayi.

CYCC tana gayyatar dukkan 'yan Kanada su shiga cikin tallafawa bukatunmu da kuma neman daukar mataki mai kyau daga' yan siyasa. Bukatar suna da sauƙi; adalci a tsakanin tsararraki da mutane, shiga matasa a cikin yanke shawara na gwamnati, kawai sauyawa zuwa tattalin arzikin kore da makamashi don yau, gobe da nan gaba. Dukkanin mambobi 306 na majalisa an gayyace su a hukumance don amincewa da takardar; a halin yanzu Elizabeth Mayu (Green Party of Canada), Megan Leslie (New Democratic Party), Justin Trudeau (Liberal Party of Canada) da sauransu sun yi alkawarin goyon baya da sadaukarwa. Wadannan 'yan siyasa sun shiga sanannun' yan Kanada da kungiyoyi kamar David Suzuki, Brigette DePape, Maude Barlow, Majalisar' yan Kanada, Cibiyar Polaris, Ma'aikatan Motar Kanada da sauransu da yawa. Takardar 'Bayaninmu' kuma an nuna ta a cikin Kamfen ɗin Meet Your Member .

**Ganawa da memba** 

CYCC ta shirya kamfen don ƙarfafa matasa su hadu da mambobinsu na majalisa don tabbatar da cewa gwamnatinmu ta san cewa matasa suna da hannu, kuma suna tsayawa don adalci, mai dorewa.

## Manazarta
Tsayawa tsakanin manya

**Adultcentrism** shine girman kai na manya,  gami da imani cewa hangen nesa na manya ya fi kyau (idan aka kwatanta da na yara). Ana amfani da shi don bayyana yanayin da yara da Matasa ke fuskanta a makarantu, gidaje, da saitunan al'umma; duk da haka, ba koyaushe ba ne ya dogara da ra'ayin kasancewa mai kyau ko mara kyau,  sabanin balaga.

## Ma'anar
A cikin aikin zamantakewa, an gane tsinkaye na manya a matsayin yiwuwar nuna bambanci da manya ke da shi a fahimta da amsawa ga yara. An ce wannan son zuciya ta fito ne daga bambancin shekaru tsakanin yaro da babba. Bambance-bambance - gami da harshe, salon sadarwa da ra'ayi na duniya - na iya haifar da cikas don shawo kan. Maimakon barin babba su raba ra'ayinsu kawai, adultcentrism ya yarda da rashin iko da rashin iyawar matasa don shafar tsarin ikon da manya suka kirkira. Wannan yana haifar da shingen aiki mai tasiri tare da yara;  an ce tsinkaye na manya yana da alaƙa da son kai, inda mutum ke sanya ra'ayoyinsu, buƙatu da imani a gaban duk wasu, da kuma tsinkaye, wanda ke sanya al'adun mutum da imani na zamantakewa a gaban duk sauran.   Bayyanawa game da tsinkaye, wani marubuci ya ba da rahoton,

## Yankunan amfani
A fagen maganin aiki an ce adultcentrism "yana jagorantar masu bincike don rage ƙwarewar yara".  A cewar wani mai bincike, "Ana iya ganin wannan matsayi lokacin da masu bincike suka ɗauka sun san duk abin da suke buƙatar sani game da yara saboda sun kasance yara. " Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa wannan yana haifar da manya su kasance cikin hangen nesa, don haka nuna bambanci ga yara ta hanyar balaga.  Game da maganin aiki, "Adultcentrism ya fito ne a cikin wallafe-wallafen maganin iyali don bayyana halin da manya ke yi na kallon duniya daga hangen nesa kuma a yin hakan ba su fahimci ko godiya ga yadda yara da matasa ke kallon abubuwa ba"

Adultcentrism kuma yana ƙaruwa da muhimmanci a fannonin ilimi,  lafiyar kwakwalwa,  ilimin zamantakewar al'umma,  da kuma Karfafa yara.  Wani kwararre na Harkokin kasa da kasa ya nuna cewa,

Daga wannan ra'ayi "shugabannin ilimi, malamai, membobin kwamitin makaranta da masu ba da shawara kan sake fasalin... suna kira ga irin wannan ci gaba, ayyuka iri ɗaya, da kuma lissafin da aka kira koyaushe; karuwar daidaituwa, rage motsawar ɗalibai, da karuwar raguwar malamai. "

Ƙarin Kungiyoyin karfafa matasa da Kungiyoyin da matasa ke jagoranta sun nuna tsakiya na manya a matsayin tsakiya ga bincikensu, haka kuma. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan ƙungiya, Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Matasa ta Kasa, ta gano tsinkaye a cikin al'umma a matsayin dalilin cewa,

## Dubi kuma

## Manazarta
Grace Malie

**Grace Malie** 'yar gwagwarmayar sauyin yanayi ce ta Tuvalu, tana mai da hankali kan tasirin Canjin yanayi a Tuvalu. An nakalto ta a gaban Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya, kuma ta gabatar da damuwar kasar ta a gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Ita wakili ce ta matasa don Rising Nations Initiative .

## Rayuwa
Grace Malie ta girma ne a tsibirin Funafuti a Tuvalu. Ta tafi makaranta a Fiji inda aka yi wa yara, daga Tuvalu, ba'a kamar yadda suke daga "tsibiran da ke nutsewa".

Malie tana magana ne game da tasirin Canjin yanayi a kasar ta. Ita wakili ce ta matasa don Rising Nations Initiative,  wanda ke da niyyar adana al'adun ƙasashen Pacific Atoll da ke fuskantar barazanar hauhawar matakin teku.  A ƙarshen 2023, ta halarci COP28 a Dubai, inda ta yi kira ga Sarkin Burtaniya Charles III. Sakatare janar na Commonwealth, Patricia Scotland ne ya gabatar da ita, kuma Malie ta ce ta sami goyon bayan Sarki.

A ranar 8 ga Satumba 2024,  Malie da Firayim Minista na Tuvalu Feleti Teo sun yi jawabi a zaman saba'in da tara na Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da hauhawar matakin teku.  Ta gaya wa taron cewa Tuvalu ba ta yi komai ba don haifar da canjin yanayi amma ana tambayar ta ta dauki mafi yawan ciwo, tana mai cewa, "Yayin da kake muhawara, raƙuman teku suna lalata wani ɓangare na tsibirin. Yayin da kake ci gaba da tattaunawa, fatan matasan Tuvalu ya ɓace. Yayin da kuke jinkirta aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Paris ko biyan asarar da lalacewa, asalin ba kawai Tuvaluans ba amma wasu manyan jihohin teku suna cikin haɗari. "  Mun yi akalla don haifar da rikicin, amma muna biyan mafi girman farashi.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2024, Malie ta halarci shari'ar Tuvalu game da kasashen da suka fi ba da gudummawa ga canjin yanayi, wanda babban lauyan Tuvalu, Laingane Italeli Talia ya gabatar a gaban Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya (ICJ).  An yi shari'a game da hauhawar matakin teku da ke barazana ga Tuvalu da sauran mambobin Alliance of Small Island States. Vanuatu ta shirya wa ICJ ba da shawara game da matsayin shari'a na ƙasashen da ake tuhuma. An gaya wa kotun cewa wannan ita ce babbar barazana ga kasancewar tsibirin Tuvalu. Farfesa Phillipa Webb ya nakalto Malie yana cewa, "Tuvalu ba zai shiga cikin teku ba".  

Malie ta kuma gabatar a TEDxLondon

## Manazarta