open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
David Clarke (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Australiya, an haife shi a shekara ta 1980)

**David Andrew Clarke** (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1980) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wasa tare da Geelong da Carlton a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Australia (AFL).

Asali daga Torquay, Clarke ya kasance ɗan wasa na uba/ɗa daga Geelong, wanda ya yi amfani da zaɓin zagaye na biyu a kansa. Ya fito daga dangin wasanni masu ƙarfi, mahaifinsa David Clarke Sr ya buga wasanni sama da 200 ga Geelong, ɗan'uwansa Tim kuma ya buga wasa da Hawthorn,  yayin da 'yar'uwarsa kuma 'yar tseren Olympics ce Georgie Clarke.

Clarke, ɗan wasan gefe mai nutsuwa, ya kammala karatunsa daga Geelong Falcons don fara buga wasa a AFL a shekarar 1999. Ya kasance mai yawan cin kwallaye amma sau da yawa ana ba shi kunya ta hanyar bugun ƙafa da kuma shirya wasanni 68 a jere daga 2000 zuwa 2003. Clarke yana da matsayi na biyu mafi girma a cikin jerin 'yan wasa ga Geelong a 2001 da 2002, inda ya kai matsakaicin wasanni 17 a wasanni biyu a kakar wasa biyu.[1]

Ya sha fama da rashin kyawunsa da raunin da ya samu a shekarar 2003 kuma ya shiga cikin cinikin 'yan wasa uku a wannan shekarar, inda Hawthorn ya karbi Simon Beaumont kuma Geelong ya karbi David Loats. Clarke ya kare a Carlton kuma ya buga wasanni goma a kakar wasa ta 2004 ta AFL. Da farkon bayyanarsa a shekarar 2005, ya fara buga wasa na 100 na AFL, da Adelaide a Football Park, amma sau ɗaya kawai ya sake bugawa Carlton wasa. An cire shi daga jerin 'yan wasa a karshen shekarar 2005.

Daga 2006 zuwa 2007, Clarke ya buga wasa da South Adelaide a SANFL. A shekarar 2008, ya koma North Adelaide, kuma ya buga wasa a can har zuwa 2009.  A shekarar 2010, Clarke ya koma birnin Geelong, kuma ya koma St Mary's a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Geelong (GFL),  inda ya buga wasa har zuwa 2012.

A watan Yulin 2012, an dakatar da Clarke na tsawon makonni 15 saboda durƙusawa a baya da kuma tunkude alkalin wasa na GFL, wanda ke guduwa baya bayan an yi masa ƙwallo. Lamarin ya kawo dakatarwar da aka yi wa Clarke a aikinsa zuwa wasanni 20, wanda ya haifar da soke rajistarsa a ƙarƙashin Dokar Rage Rijistar 'Yan Wasa a Ƙasa, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen aikin Clarke na wasa.

Bayan dakatarwar da aka yi masa har tsawon rayuwarsa, Clarke ya ci gaba da aikinsa a ƙasar Victoria, inda ya buga wa Mansfield Football Club wasa a Goulburn Valley Football Netball League, da kuma Lockington-Bamawm United a Heathcote District Football League.

## Manazarta
Alex Cincotta

**Alex Cincotta** (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Disamba, 1996) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Carlton a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Australia (AFL). 

Asalinsa daga Geelong ne, Cincotta bai shiga cikin manyan 'yan wasan AFL ba, ciki har da Geelong Falcons, kuma maimakon haka ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙanana da ta farko a Newtown & Chilwell a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Geelong. Ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta manyan 'yan wasa yana da shekaru 22 a shekarar 2019, ya jawo hankalin masu neman 'yan wasa masu hazaka, kuma ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasan AFL na 2019 da Young Guns amma bai shiga gasar ba. Ya sanya hannu da 'yan wasan Geelong a shekarar 2020, inda ya ji rauni a wasan atisaye jim kaɗan kafin a soke kakar wasa saboda COVID-19. A shekarar 2021, ya sanya hannu da Carlton reserves, inda ya fara buga VFL a shekarar 2021 kuma ya zo na biyu a cikin mafi kyau da adalci a shekarar 2022. A wajen ƙwallon ƙafa, ya yi aiki a matsayin kafinta har zuwa wannan lokacin.[1]

Jim kaɗan kafin ya cika shekara 26, an ƙara Cincotta cikin jerin 'yan wasan Carlton AFL a lokacin zaɓen ƙarin kakar wasa na 2023, bayan raunin da Zac Williams ya samu ya buɗe wani matsayi a cikin jerin. Ya fara buga wasa a matakin farko a zagaye na 6, 2023 da St Kilda kuma ya buga wasanni 19 a wannan kakar. Yana taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ko mai tsaron baya, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin masu sharhi a 2024 don wasu manyan matsayi.

Carlton ya cire Cincotta daga jerin 'yan wasa a karshen kakar wasa ta AFL ta 2025, bayan ya buga wasanni 40 a kungiyar tsawon shekaru uku.

## Manazarta
David Clarke Sr.

**David E. Clarke** (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1952) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ostiraliya tare da ƙungiyoyin Victorian Football League (VFL) Geelong da Carlton. Clarke, wanda aka fi sani da ɗan wasan gefe mai matsakaicin gaba, ya kuma yi wasa a tsakiya da tsakiya.

Clarke ya lashe kyautar Geelong mafi kyau da mafi adalci sau uku kuma ya zo na biyu sau hudu.

Clarke darakta ne a ƙungiyar Pyramid Building Society da ke Geelong wadda ta gaza, wadda ta ruguje a shekarar 1990 da basussukan dala biliyan biyu. An tuhume shi da karya dokar ƙungiyoyin gine-gine sau 13 kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru biyu da aka dakatar da shi da kuma tarar dala $47,000 bayan ya amsa laifinsa.[1]

'Ya'yan Clarke, David da Tim, sun buga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australiya (AFL), 'yarsu Georgina kuma ta fafata a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2000 a Sydney tana da shekara 16, inda ta kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe a tseren mita 1500 na mata.

## Manazarta
Gidan Tarihi

**Gidan Tarihi** (HoF) gidan tarihi ne da ke tsakiyar Sana'a, Yemen . Yana kudu maso yammacin Dandalin Al-Tahrir da kuma kudancin Ofishin Jakadancin Masar da kuma arewacin Ofishin Jakadancin China .  An kafa shi a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 2004 karkashin izinin Ma'aikatar Al'adu, kuma "ƙungiyar al'adu, bincike, ba ta riba ba, da kuma masu zaman kansu ce ke tattarawa da kuma rubuta tarihin al'adun Yemen".   Gidan tarihin ya rufe a watan Mayu, 2010 saboda matsalolin kuɗi. 

## Tarihi
An buɗe gidan tarihin a watan Afrilun 2004 ta hannun A Arwa Abdo Othman, darektan gidan tarihin kuma mai bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin da Bincike ta Yemen. Manufar gidan tarihin ita ce kiyaye tatsuniyoyi na ruhaniya da na zahiri na Yemen. 

An fara ba da kuɗin ginin gidan kayan tarihi ta hanyar kyautar dala 5,000. An ba Othman kyautar Sharjah Award don ƙwarewar Larabci a shekarar 2000 baya ga sayar da wani fili. 

Gidan tarihin yana cikin wani ƙaramin gini da ya lalace a tsohon birnin Sana'a . Abubuwan da aka nuna a gidan tarihin sun haɗa da kayan gargajiya na al'adun Yemen, huluna, tufafi, da kayan ado, ban da ɗakin karatu, ɗakin girki na gargajiya, da kuma ɗakin adana hotuna. 

A shekarar 2005, Majalisar Wakilai ta shirya bikin Madrasa da nufin yin rikodin waƙoƙi, waƙoƙi, da al'adu da suka shafi aikin Hajji, musamman wasan Al Madraha na Yemen wanda ya shahara a Sana'a. 

A shekarar 2009, Arwa Othman ya yi kira sau biyu ga gwamnatin Yemen da ƙungiyoyin agaji na ƙasa da ƙasa da su nemi tallafin kuɗi don gina gidan tarihi. Jakadun ƙasashen Tarayyar Turai sun ziyarci gidan tarihi don bayar da tallafin siyasa. Duk da haka, ba a sami tallafin kuɗi ba, kuma ginin gidan tarihin ya lalace. 

A ranar 6 ga Mayu, 2010, an rufe gidan tarihi a hukumance ga jama'a saboda yana cikin haɗarin rugujewa saboda rashin kuɗi. Ginin ya lalace tsawon shekaru, kuma ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya ƙara ta'azzara matsalar. Ruwan sama ya kuma lalata yawancin abubuwan baje kolin, ciki har da littattafai, tufafi, hotuna, da kayan tarihi daban-daban. 

## Duba kuma

* Jerin gidajen tarihi a Yemen

## Manazarta
Tim Clarke (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Australiya)

**Tim Clarke** (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1982) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Hawthorn a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Australia (AFL). A halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin mataimakin koci ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Carlton.

## Sana'ar wasa

### Hawthorn
Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Geelong. An ɗauke shi aiki daga Geelong, Clarke ya buga wa Hawthorn Football Club wasa daga 2000 zuwa 2008, inda ya buga wasanni 96 kuma ya zura kwallaye 39.[1] Clarke ya lashe kyaututtukan 'Mafi inganci' da 'Mafi yanke shawara' ga Hawthorn a 2004 da 2005 bi da bi. Hawthorn ya cire shi daga jerin 'yan wasa a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta AFL ta 2008.

## Aikin koyarwa

### Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Richmond
Clarke ya zama kocin ci gaba a matsayin mataimakin koci ga Richmond Football Club a shekarar 2010 a ƙarƙashin babban koci Damien Hardwick. A ƙarshen shekarar 2011, ya bar ƙungiyar don yin tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashen waje na tsawon shekara guda; ya dawo a shekarar 2013, kuma an naɗa shi babban koci na ƙungiyar VFL. Lokacin da Richmond ta ƙare da haɗin gwiwa da Coburg ta shiga ƙungiyar ajiyarta a shekarar 2014, an naɗa Clarke kocin ƙungiyar.

### Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Carlton
Daga 2016 zuwa 2018, ya kasance mataimakin kocin tsakiya a Carlton a ƙarƙashin babban kocin Brendon Bolton.  

### Gold Coast Suns
Daga 2019 zuwa 2021, ya kasance kocin ci gaba kuma mataimakin kocin gaba a Gold Coast Suns a ƙarƙashin babban kocin Stuart Dew.  

### Komawa zuwa Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Carlton
A watan Oktoba na 2021, ya koma Carlton don sake karbar mukamin mataimakin kocin tsakiya a karkashin babban kocin Michael Voss na kakar wasa ta 2022.         

## Manazarta
Emy Koopman

**Emy Koopman** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1985) marubuci ne kuma ɗan jarida ɗan ƙasar Holland. Ta rubuta wa De Groene Amsterdammer, de Volkskrant, de Correspondent da hard//kofato. 

Koopman ta yi karatun digirin digirgir da kuma ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a fannin likitanci . A shekarar 2016, ta sami digirin digirgir, tare da digirin digirgir kan Adabi da Tausayi.    A wannan shekarar, an buga littafinta na farko mai suna *Orewoet*  kuma an zaɓe ta don The Bronze Owl don mafi kyawun farkon yaren Dutch, da kuma kyautar Fintro Adabi . A watan Agusta na 2020, an buga littafinta na biyu mai suna *Het Boek van Alle Angsten* (Littafin Duk Tsoro).  An fitar da littafinta na uku, *Tekenen van het Universum* (Alamomin Duniya) a watan Fabrairu na 2022.  An zaɓi littafinta mai suna Kindertrein uit Boedapest daga 2023 don BNG Bank Literatuurprijs . A watan Fabrairu na 2025, an buga littafinta mai suna *De Vrouw in de Kelder*  .

A shekarar 2020, Koopman ya gabatar da shirin *[[:nl:Paradijs Canada|Paradise Canada]]*, wani shiri mai sassa biyar na Dutch-Canadian da kuma shirin tafiya wanda mai watsa shirye-shirye na jama'a VPRO ya shirya.    Batutuwa da wuraren sun hada da tasirin zamantakewa na rashin matsuguni a Vancouver, masana'antar yashi mai na Athabasca da Fort McMurray, cin zarafin mata dangane da harin motocin Toronto da kuma bala'in al'adu na kasa, wanda ya shafi mata 'yan asalin ƙasar, na Babbar Hanya ta Tears a British Columbia .

## Manazarta
Kyautar Cikada

**Kyautar Cikada** kyauta ce ta adabi ta ƙasar Sweden ga mawakan Gabashin Asiya. An kafa ta ne a shekarar 2004 bayan bikin cika shekaru 100 da haihuwar Harry Martinson, wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel ta ƙasar Sweden.  Kyautar ta ƙunshi takardar shaidar difloma, SEK 30,000 da kuma wani zane na zane na yumbu wanda Gunilla Sundström, mai zane na yumbu ta ƙasar Sweden, ta tsara. 

An bayar da kyautar ne da farko (kyauta biyar na farko) tare da haɗin gwiwar Cibiyar Nazarin Japan ta Turai (EIJS) a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta Stockholm, otal ɗin spa na Yasuragi, Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Judiska (Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Yahudawa), Östasieninstitutet (Cibiyar Gabashin Asiya) da Nyteboden. Cibiyar Sweden ce ke ba da kuɗin tallafinta tun daga shekarar 2013.

Sunan kyautar ya samo asali ne daga tarin waƙoƙin Martinson *Cikada*, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1953 (Cikada yaren Sweden ne don dangin kwari Cicadidae ). A cikin wannan tarin akwai kuma waƙoƙi 29 na farko na aikinsa *[[Aniara]]*, "Waƙar game da Doris da Mima". Bama-baman atomic a Japan, sannan aka gina bam ɗin H-bam na farko a duniya a shekarar 1953, sun yi tasiri sosai kan rubutun Martinson, wanda aka nuna a cikin *Aniara* . Kyautar ta mayar da hankali ne kan mawakan Gabashin Asiya, suna rubutu a cikin Sinanci, Koriya, ko Jafananci, ba wai kawai saboda sha'awar Martinson ga adabin Gabashin Asiya ba, har ma saboda waɗanda suka fara bayar da kyautar sun yi imanin cewa waƙoƙin da aka rubuta a waɗannan harsuna sun cancanci a yaba musu sosai. 

## Wadanda suka lashe kyaututtuka

* An ba wa mawaƙi Sô Sakon (1919–2006) kyautar Cikada ta farko (2004).  An ba da kyautar ne dangane da buɗe wani taron tattaunawa game da adabin Japan a Yasuragi da ke Stockholm a ranar 6 ga Agusta 2004. An ba da kyautar ga So Sakon a Ofishin Jakadancin Sweden da ke Tokyo a ranar 3 ga Satumba 2004.
* Mawakin haiku na ƙasar Japan Tōta Kaneko ne ya lashe kyautar Cikada ta biyu (2005). An ba Tōta Kaneko kyautar a Ofishin Jakadancin ƙasar Sweden da ke Tokyo a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2005, ta hannun Gimbiya Desirée ta ƙasar Sweden .
* 2006 - Ko Un (an haife shi a 1933), Koriya ta Kudu
* 2007 - Shin Kyeong-nim (1936–2024), Koriya ta Kudu
* A shekarar 2008 da 2009 babu wanda ya karɓi kyautar
* 2010 - Mun Jeonghui (an haife shi 1947), Koriya ta Kudu
* A shekarar 2011 da 2012 babu wanda ya karɓi kyautar
* 2013 - Noriko Mizuta (an haifi 1937), Japan
* 2014 - Bei Dao (an haife shi 1949), China
* 2015 - Ý Nhi (an haife shi 1944), Vietnam
* 2016 - Yang Mu (1940–2020), Taiwan
* 2017 - Mai Văn Phấn (an haife shi 1963), Vietnam
* 2018 - Xi Chuan (an haife shi a shekara ta 1963), kasar Sin
* 2019 - Xi Xi (an haife shi a 1938), Hong Kong
* 2020 - Hiromi Itō (an haife shi 1955), Japan
* 2021 - Kim Hyeson (an haife shi 1955), Koriya ta Kudu
* 2022 - Chen Yuhong (an haife shi 1952), Taiwan
* 2023 - Theophilus Kwek (an haife shi a shekara ta 1994), Singapore
* 2024 - Tahir Hamut Izgil (an haife shi a shekara ta 1969), China

## Manazarta
Pulok Chatterji

**Pulok Chatterji** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1948) Ma'aikacin gwamnati ne na Indiya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Sakatare ga Firayim Minista na Indiya, Manmohan Singh, daga 2011 zuwa 2014.  Ya taba aiki a matsayin Babban Darakta na Bankin Duniya da Sakatare na hadin gwiwa a Ofishin Firayim Minista daga 2004 zuwa 2009.

Ya kasance jami'in gudanarwa na Indiya na 1974 daga Uttar Pradesh.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Mahaifinsa marigayi ya kasance Shugaban Bankin Kasuwanci na United. Ya kasance tsohon jami'in Kwalejin St. Stephen, Delhi . 

## Ayyuka
A ranar 27 ga Yuni 1980, an sanya shi mai karba na Gundumar Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh yana da shekaru 32. Ya rike mukamin har zuwa 22 ga Yuli 1982. Ya koma PMO a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare lokacin da Rajiv Gandhi ya zama Firayim Minista a shekarar 1985. Ya yi aiki a Gidauniyar Rajiv Gandhi kuma a matsayin Jami'in Ayyuka na Musamman ga Sonia Gandhi . 

A shekara ta 2004, lokacin da United Progressive Alliance ta zo mulki, ya koma PMO yana aiki a matsayin Sakataren hadin gwiwa ga Gwamnatin Indiya kafin a kara shi a matsayin Saraken Gwamnatin Indiya.

A shekara ta 2012, an ba shi lambar yabo ta C.F. Andrews Distinguished Alumni Award ta Kwalejin St. Stephen, Delhi . 

## Rashin jituwa da zarge-zarge
Bayanan fayil da ke akwai tare da *Indiya A Yau* sun nuna cewa Pulok Chatterji, babban jami'in PMO a cikin 2007-08, ya san yadda A. Raja ya yanke shawara a cikin shari'ar bakan 2G. A cikin wannan bayanin, Chatterji ya yarda da cewa za'a iya rarraba bakan akan biyan kuɗin al'ada - kuɗin da aka saba da shi na Rs 1,658 crore - wanda shine abin da masu lasisi tara suka raba don sawun Indiya.

A matsayinsa na Sakatare na hadin gwiwa a cikin PMO, Chatterji ya rubuta bayanin kula a ranar 3 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2004, yana goyon bayan nadin Kalmadi yana mai ambaton kwangilar birni mai karɓar bakuncin da kuma abin da ya faru a Wasannin Asiya na 1982. Bayanan Chatterji ya ce ya kamata Kalmadi ya jagoranci OC, amma ya ba da shawarar gargadi don magance damuwar da ministan wasanni na lokacin Sunil Dutt ya gabatar.[1][2]

A cikin 2013, rahotanni da yawa sun bayyana cewa shi ne ke da alhakin lalata rahoton CBI coalgate.

## Dubi kuma

* *Firayim Minista na hadari*

## Manazarta
P. C. Alexander

**Padinjarethalakal Cherian Alexander** (20 Maris 1921 - 10 Agusta 2011) ya kasance jami'in gudanarwa na Indiya na 1948 wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Gwamnan Tamil Nadu daga 1988 zuwa 1990 kuma a matsayin Gwamna na Maharashtra daga 1993 zuwa 2002. An dauke shi a matsayin dan takarar shugaban kasar Indiya a shekarar 2002. A lokacin da yake Maharashtra, yana da ƙarin alhakin Goa daga 1996 zuwa 1998. Ya kuma kasance memba na Rajya Sabha wanda ke wakiltar Maharashtra a matsayin dan takara mai zaman kansa daga 29 ga Yuli 2002 zuwa 2 ga Afrilu 2008. 

Ayyukansa sun haɗa da tsawo tare da Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Indiya da kuma nadin da ya yi a matsayin Babban Sakatare mai iko ga Firayim Minista na Indiya a lokacin shekarunsa tare da Indira Gandhi . Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan Indiya a Kotun St. James.

Tarihin kansa shine Ta hanyar Corridors of Power . Sauran ayyukansa sun hada da *Shekaru tare da Indira Gandhi*, The Perils of Democracy, da Indiya a cikin Sabon Millennium . 

## Tarihin iyali, farkon rayuwa da asali

An haifi P. C. Alexander a wani shahararren ahalin Malankara Orthodox Kirista Padinjarethalakal a ranar 20 ga Maris 1921 ga P. J. Cherian da Mariamma .  Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Bishop Hodges, kuma ya sami digiri na biyu a Tarihi da Tattalin Arziki daga Jami'ar Travancore (yanzu Jami'ar Kerala). A wannan lokacin ya kuma kasance Shugaban, kungiyar daliban Jami'ar Travancore . 

## Ayyuka
Alexander ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ma'aikacin gwamnati a 1949, ya shiga IAS a ranar 15 ga Oktoba na wannan shekarar a matsayin jami'in gaggawa.[1] Ya rike manyan mukamai da yawa a lokacin aikinsa, kuma ya shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a. Alexander ita ce babban sakatare ga Indira Gandhi kuma kusan ta yi aiki a matsayin inuwa da mai ba da shawara kan manufofi na shekaru bayan dawowarta mulki a watan Janairun 1980.

A ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1985, ya yi murabus a matsayin Babban Sakataren Firayim Minista Rajiv Gandhi saboda abin kunya na leken asiri na Coomar Narain inda sakatarensa na sirri TN Kher, mataimakinsa Malhotra da sauransu ya kasance yana da hannu a samar da manyan takardun tsaro da tsaro na Coomar Нараin wanda ya kasance dan kasuwa ne na Bombay tare da ƙungiyar masana'antu ta Maneklal wacce ke da hannu a cikin kwangilar soja ta gwamnati. An sanya tushen Coomar Narain a cikin hukumomin gwamnati daban-daban kuma an bayyana shi lokacin da Ofishin leken asiri ya fara sa ido kan ma'aikatan gwamnati da jami'an diflomasiyya da yawa. Narain ya ba da bayanai masu mahimmanci wanda ya haɗa da takardun tsaro na Indiya da na ciki ga manyan manyan kasashe kamar Faransa da Tarayyar Soviet waɗanda suka kasance manyan masu samar da tsaro ga Indiya. 

## Manazarta
Asibitin Kasa da Kasa na New Century na Beijing don Yara

**Asibitin Yara na Duniya na New Century** ( Chinese  **NCICH**, wata cibiya ce mai zaman kanta, wacce ke da alaƙa da Asibitin Yara na Beijing da ke Beijing, kusa da ƙofar gabas ta Asibitin Yara na Beijing. Asibitin Yara na Duniya yana da ayyuka da aka tsara musamman ga yara da matasa. Baya ga cikakken asibitoci na yau da kullun a duk manyan fannoni na musamman, akwai kuma shirye-shirye masu mayar da hankali kan kula da ido na yara da kuma kula da lafiyar hakora na yara . Wannan asibitin yana da gadaje kusan 104, gami da gadaje 95 na yara da gadaje 9 na jarirai. Yana da faɗin gini sama da murabba'in mita 8,500, sabis na gaggawa 24/7, wanda kamfanonin inshora na ƙasa da ƙasa da yawa ke rufewa. 

## Bayani
Asibitin Yara na Duniya cibiya ce mai zaman kanta, wacce ke da alaƙa da Asibitin Yara na Beijing.

Bene-bene na marasa lafiya da ke kwance a asibiti suna da ɗakunan kwana guda 80 waɗanda iyaye za su iya kwana tare da yaron. Bugu da ƙari, akwai "ɗakunan alfarma masu faɗi" guda 20 tare da kujeru masu faɗi da sauran fasaloli.

## Shirye-shirye da ayyuka
Asibitin Yara na Duniya yana ba da ayyuka musamman waɗanda aka tsara don yara. Baya ga asibitoci na yau da kullun waɗanda ke rufe dukkan manyan fannoni, yana kuma da shirye-shirye masu mahimmanci a kula da ido na yara da kuma likitan haƙori na yara.

Sashen kula da lafiya yana ba da kimantawa kan ci gaba, gwaje-gwajen lafiya na shekara-shekara, da kuma alluran rigakafi na yau da kullun, yayin da wani ƙwararren masanin abinci mai gina jiki na yara ke ba iyaye shawara kan batutuwan abinci da abinci mai gina jiki.

Dakin gaggawa na yara na aiki awanni 24 a rana, kwanaki 7 a mako, yana da ma'aikatan kwararru kan ayyukan gaggawa na yara na Beijing. Wannan wurin ya hada da dakunan gwaje-gwaje, gadajen lura da dare da kuma damar samun damar gaggawa ta asibitin a fannin tiyata da magani.

## Faɗin ayyuka
Sashen Kula da Yara:
 
Ƙwarewa:

## Manazarta
Judith na Kom

**Judith de Kom** (16 Maris 1931 - 13 Oktoba 2024)  'yar fafutuka ce ta Dutch-Surinamese kuma marubuciya. 'Yar Anton de Kom, mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai na Surinamese kuma memba na masu fafutukar neman 'yancin kai na Holland wanda ya mutu a sansanin tsare-tsare na Jamus a 1945, Judith de Kom ta shafe mafi yawan rayuwarta tana fafutukar ganin an amince da rawar da mahaifinta ya taka a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . A shekarar 2023, Firayim Ministan Netherlands Mark Rutte ya nemi afuwa a bainar jama'a game da yadda gwamnatin Holland ta yi wa Anton de Kom mu'amala kafin da kuma bayan mutuwarsa, godiya ga fafutukar Judith de Kom. 

Yawancin rubuce-rubucen Judith de Kom sun yi nazari kan jigogi na asali, iyali, da kuma lokacin mulkin mallaka na Holland a Suriname . Ayyukanta da suka fi shahara sun haɗa da littafin 2021 mai *suna Het verlangen naar een eiland* ("The Longing for an Island") game da gadon mulkin mallaka ga tsararraki na iyali ɗaya, wanda ya dogara ne kawai akan tarihin iyalinta. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Judith de Kom a ƙasar Netherlands a shekarar 1931 ga marubuciya kuma mai fafutuka Anton de Kom da matarsa 'yar ƙasar Holland, Petronella "Nel" Borsboom.  Ta tafi tare da iyalinta zuwa Suriname a ƙarshen shekarar 1932 saboda kakarta, Judith Jacoba Dulder de Kom, tana mutuwa a lokacin. Anton de Kom ya kasance mai fafutukar kare 'yancin yankunan mulkin mallaka na ƙasar Holland, ciki har da Surinam da kuma 'yan asalin ƙasar Netherlands. An mayar da iyalan zuwa Netherlands a shekarar 1933 saboda fafutukar mahaifinta lokacin da de Kom yake jaririya.  Judith de Kom ta zauna a Netherlands har tsawon rayuwarta. 

A shekara ta 2008, Vereniging Ons Suriname ta sake gano rubuce-rubucen Anton de Kom waɗanda suka ɓace a shekarun 1960. Rubuce-rubucen sun ƙunshi labarin fim ɗin *Tjiboe*, wasu sassan littattafan *Ons bloed is rood* da *Om een hap rijst* ( *Don ɗan shinkafa* ), da kuma labarai da dama na Anansi game da gizo-gizo wanda ke wakiltar ƙwarewa da hikima a cikin tatsuniyoyi na mutanen Akan .  Judith de Kom da ɗan'uwanta, Ad de Kom, sun gabatar da tarihin ga marubuciyar Holland Michiel van Kempen ta Judith de Kom da ɗan'uwanta, Ad, kuma a halin yanzu ana nuna su a Gidan Adabi da ke Hague . 

A watan Satumba na 2024, Judith de Kom, tare da haɗin gwiwar marubuciya Ida Does, sun buga wani littafi na wasiƙu zuwa ga manyan mutane a rayuwarta, ciki har da mahaifinta, mai taken k omhels je onafgebroken ("Na rungume ka har abada") wata ɗaya kacal kafin mutuwarta. Ta yi wa mawallafinta magana a lokacin, "An shimfida kambi, littafin yana nan. Yanzu zan iya hutawa."

Judith de Kom ta rasu a Netherlands a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2024, tana da shekaru 93.   A cikin wata sanarwa da Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS) ta fitar, iyalanta sun lura cewa, "Ta sadaukar da rayuwarta don sanya duniya ta zama wuri mafi kyau da kuma gyara sunan mahaifinta." 

## Manazarta
B. G. Deshmukh

**Bhalchandra Gopal Deshmukh**, wanda aka fi sani da B.G. Deshmkh, IAS (1929-2011) ma'aikacin gwamnati ne na Indiya daga rukunin 1951 na Ma'aikatar Gudanarwa ta Indiya. A lokacin aikinsa ya yi aiki tare da bambanci a wurare daban-daban a Maharashtra da Gujarat . Ya kasance sakatare ga babban ministan Maharashtra na lokacin, Vasantrao Naik, kuma Kwamishinan Kamfanin Birnin Brihanmumbai, Bombay. Ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin Ƙarin Sakatare, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida, da Sakataren Kwadago a Gwamnatin Indiya. A shekarar 1985, an nada shi Babban Sakatare na Gwamnatin Maharashtra .

An nada B. G. Deshmukh a matsayin Sakataren Ma'aikatar 17 na Gwamnatin Indiya a shekarar 1986, inda ya maye gurbin abokin aikinsa P. K. Kaul, IAS (1951 UP). A shekara ta 1989, Rajiv Gandhi ya nada shi a matsayin babban sakatarensa, mukamin da ya ci gaba da rikewa har ma a karkashin V.P. Singh da kuma takaice a karkashin Chandrashekhar . 

Bayan ya yi ritaya, ya yi aiki a Kwamitin kamfanoni da yawa ciki har da Tata Sons Limited, Tata Housing Development Co. Ltd., Tata Council for Community Initiatives, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, SEBI for Mutual Funds da IDBI Mutual Fund.

Har ila yau, yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da ci gaba kamar Bombay Natural History Society, Asibitin KEM, Ƙungiyar Makafi ta Kasa da sauransu.

Mista Deshmukh yana da littattafai da yawa. Wadannan sun hada da "Sakataren majalisar ministoci yana tunani da ƙarfi", "Sakatare na majalisar ministocin yana duban" da kuma "Poona zuwa Ofishin Firayim Minista - Sakataren majalisar yana duban baya".

## Manazarta
Melissa Kremer

**Melissa Kremer** (26 Janairu 1996 - 22 Maris 2021) marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Holland, wadda ta mutu sakamakon cutar sankarar bargo mai tsanani . Littafinta, *Mijn kwaadbloed*, ya zama fitaccen mai sayarwa a ƙasar Holland.  Tallace-tallacensa kafin lokacin ba su misaltu ba a cikin shahararsa. 

Melissa Kremer ta girma a Hoorn . Ta samu kulawar kafofin watsa labarai na ƙasa a ƙarshen shekarar 2020 ta hanyar yadda ta yi magana game da kamuwa da cutar sankarar jini a shafinta na Instagram.  Ta halarci shirye-shiryen talabijin da dama na ƙasa, ciki har da  .   Ta ƙara shahara bayan buga littafinta mai suna *My Bad Blood* ( Dutch   ) tare da zaɓaɓɓun labarai da waƙoƙi daga shafinta na yanar gizo.  Littafin ya riga ya zama mafi kyawun siyarwa a lokacin da aka riga aka sayar.     Bayan an sayar da bugu na farko, za a fitar da bugu na biyu  a farkon Afrilu 2021. [ yana buƙatar sabuntawa ]

'Yan sandan Holland sun gudanar da wani taro a babban dandalin Dam Square don nuna goyon bayansu ga Kremer. Kremer ya mutu a watan Maris na 2021, yana da shekaru 25, sakamakon cutar sankarar jini mai tsanani.

## Manazarta
Hillel Fuld

**Hillel Fuld** ( Hebrew   ) wani Ba’amurke ɗan ƙasar Isra’ila ne mai ba da shawara kan harkokin kasuwanci na fasaha, mai rubutun ra’ayin kanka a yanar gizo, kuma mai yin bidiyo .   Aikin Fuld ya mayar da hankali kan masana’antar fasaha ta Isra’ila mai zurfi,  jagora ga kamfanonin farawa,  da kuma shawarwari kan tallatawa don haɓaka kasuwanci ko samfuran mutum. 

## Iyali da ilimi
An haifi Hillel Fuld a birnin New York ga dangin Yahudawa 'yan Orthodox,  inda mahaifinsa, Rabbi Yonah Fuld, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban makarantar Salanter Akiba Riverdale Academy . Tun yana matashi, Fuld ya ƙaura tare da iyalinsa daga Amurka zuwa Urushalima, Isra'ila. Fuld ya kammala karatunsa na digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Bar Ilan da ke Tel Aviv .  Ya shafe aikinsa a masana'antar fasaha ta Isra'ila . Fuld a halin yanzu yana zaune a Isra'ila tare da matarsa da 'ya'yansu biyar. 

An daba wa babban ɗan'uwan Fuld, Ari Fuld, wuka a baya sannan wani ɗan ta'adda ɗan Falasɗinawa ya kashe shi a watan Satumbar 2018 a Mahadar Gush Etzion . 

## Sana'a
Fuld ya fara rubuta rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo ne lokacin da yake aiki a Comverse Technology, wani kamfanin sadarwa da ya daina aiki a yanzu, a matsayin marubucin fasaha. 

Ta hanyar shafinsa na yanar gizo, Fuld ya gudanar da tattaunawa da masu tasiri da kuma manyan mutane, ciki har da Marc Andreessen, Gary Vaynerchuk, Guy Kawasaki, Alyssa Milano, da Steve Wozniak .

A watan Yunin 2025, an hana Fuld ziyartar Ostiraliya bayan an soke bizarsa saboda "maganganun da yake yi na nuna kyamar Musulunci", a cewar Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida, Tony Burke . An yi tsammanin Fuld zai yi jawabi a taron tara kuɗi a Sydney da Melbourne wanda Magen David Adom ya shirya. 

## Manazarta
Vitold Fokin

**Vitold Pavlovych Fokin** ( Ukrainian   ; 25 Oktoba 1932 - 20 Maris 2025) ɗan siyasa ne na Ukraine wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na farko na Ukraine tun bayan ayyana 'yancin kai na ƙasar a ranar 24 ga Agusta 1991 har zuwa 1 ga Oktoba 1992. Ya taɓa yin aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na Jamhuriyar gurguzu ta Soviet ta Ukraine daga 23 ga Oktoba 1990 zuwa 24 ga Agusta 1991.

Bayan da aka tilasta wa Vitaliy Masol yin murabus, an naɗa Fokin a matsayin shugaban Majalisar Ministocin SSR ta Ukraine a ranar 17 ga Oktoba 1990. 

## Rayuwar farko
Fokin ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Haƙar Ma'adinai ta Ƙasa ta Ukraine da ke Dnipropetrovsk .

## Firayim Ministan Ukraine

A ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1991, an naɗa Fokin a matsayin Firayim Ministan Ukraine . 

A ranar 12 ga watan Satumba, 1991, Verkhovna Rada (majalisar dokokin Ukraine) ta amince da kudurinta kan "Maye gurbin Ukraine" [1] inda aka ayyana Ukraine a matsayin magajin Jamhuriyar gurguzu ta Soviet ta Ukraine . A ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, 1992, a wani zaman taro na Verkhovna Rada, shugaban ƙasar Leonid Kravchuk ya karɓi takardar shaidar maye gurbin daga gwamnatin da aka kora daga Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Ukraine .

## Bayan ritaya
A shekara ta 2020, tashar talabijin ta 112 ta Ukraine mai goyon bayan Rasha ta buga bayanai game da wata hira da Fokin ya yi da ɗan jaridar Ukraine Dmitry Gordon a shekara ta 2017, inda Fokin ya yi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da haɗa Crimea da Rasha ta yi da Ukraine bayan naɗinsa ga Ƙungiyar Tuntuɓa ta Uku kan Ukraine, ƙungiyar tuntuɓa ta wakilai daga Ukraine, Rasha, da Ƙungiyar Tsaro da Haɗin Kai a Turai waɗanda suka nemi a samar da mafita ta diflomasiyya kan yaƙin da aka yi a Donbas .  A ranar 30 ga watan Satumba, a shekara ta 2020, shugaban Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy ya sanya hannu kan wata doka da ta kori Fokin daga Ƙungiyar Tuntuɓa ta Uku saboda bai sami jagorancin "ayyukansa da maganganunsa daga muradun ƙasar Ukraine ba."  An kori Fokin 'yan kwanaki bayan ya yi iƙirarin cewa "babu yaƙi tsakanin Rasha da Ukraine a Donbas ". 

### MANAZARTA
Jessica Aber

**Jessica Diane Aber** (9 ga Satumba, 1981 - 22 ga Maris, 2025) lauya ce 'yar Amurka wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin Lauyan Amurka na Gundumar Gabashin Virginia (EDVA) daga 2021 zuwa 2025. An san ta da gabatar da manyan shari'o'i da suka shafi laifukan da suka shafi tsaro da kuma tsaron ƙasa. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife ta a Walnut Creek, California, a shekarar 1981, Aber ta kammala karatun *digiri na farko* a fannin fasaha daga Jami'ar Richmond a shekarar 2003.  Ta sami digirin digirgir na Juris daga Makarantar Lauyoyi ta William &amp;amp; Mary a shekarar 2006. 

## Sana'a
Bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaci ga Alkalin Majistare M. Hannah Lauck a EDVA (2006–2007), Aber ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiya a McGuireWoods kafin ta shiga Ofishin Lauyan Amurka na EDVA a 2009 a matsayin Mataimakiyar Lauyan Amurka . Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Lauya ga Mataimakiyar Lauyan Janar na Sashen Laifuka na DOJ (2015–2016) da Mataimakiyar Shugabar Sashen Laifuka na EDVA (2016–2021).

### Lauyan Amurka na Gundumar Gabashin Virginia
Shugaba Biden ya naɗa Aber a watan Agusta na 2021, Majalisar Dattawa ta tabbatar da shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba, 2021, kuma ta rantsar da shi a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2021.   Wa'adin aikinta ya haɗa da wasu manyan shari'o'i, ciki har da gurfanar da wani shugaban MS-13 bisa laifin kisan kai da yawa,  tuhume-tuhumen da ake yi wa 'yan ƙasar Rasha saboda gudanar da musayar kuɗi ta hanyar cryptocurrency ba bisa ƙa'ida ba,  tuhume-tuhumen laifukan yaƙi na tarihi da aka yi wa sojojin Rasha bisa laifuka a Ukraine,  hukuncin da aka yanke wa wani ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila bisa laifin safarar mutane ba 'yan ƙasa ba zuwa Amurka,  da kuma hukuncin da aka yanke wa wani tsohon mai sharhi kan harkokin CIA saboda fallasa bayanan sirri . 

Aber ya yi murabus a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 2025, bayan sauyin shugabanci . 

Aber ta mutu a gidanta da ke Alexandria, Virginia, a ranar 22 ga Maris, 2025, tana da shekaru 43. Ofishin Likitoci na Jihar Virginia ya yanke hukuncin cewa musabbabin mutuwarta a matsayin mutuwar ba zato ba tsammani a cikin farfadiya . 

#### MANAZARTA
John Hemingway

**John Patrick Hemingway** (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Agusta, 1960) marubuci ne ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka, wanda littafin tarihinsa mai suna *Strange Tribe: A Family Memoir* ya yi nazari kan kamanceceniya da kuma dangantaka mai sarkakiya tsakanin iyayensa Gloria Hemingway da kakansa, Ernest Hemingway ; musamman ma ya yi magana kan batun asalin jinsi na Gloria, wacce mace ce mai canza jinsi .   

Hemingway ya koma Milan, Italiya a shekarar 1983, inda ya ci gaba da aikin rubutu da fassara. Rubuce-rubucensa sun bayyana a jaridun Italiya da dama kamar *l'Unità* da *Libero*, da kuma a mujallun Amurka da mujallun adabi.

Ya buga littafin *Bacchanalia: Labarin Pamplona*,  wanda ya samo asali daga ziyararsa zuwa bikin San Fermín, kuma ya gabatar da littafin *Hemingway in Pamplona*, na Miguel Izu. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin littafin tarihinsa, Strange Tribe, Hemingway ya sha wahala a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa. Iyayensa sun sha wahala daga rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa, Gloria tana da matsalar bipolar da mahaifiyarsa, Alice Thomas, tana da cutar schizophrenia . Hemingway ya shafe shekarunsa na farko yana mu'amala da iyalinsa marasa aiki . Daga ƙarshe ya tafi ya yi karatun tarihi da Italiyanci a UCLA kuma bayan kammala karatunsa ya koma Italiya, a matsayin hanyar nisantar da kansa daga asalin iyalinsa da ke cikin matsala. Ɗaya daga cikin tambayoyin da ba a warware ba a gare shi shine yadda Gloria, mace mai canza jinsi, za ta iya dacewa da hoton da jama'a ke da shi na kakansa a matsayin alamar namiji.

Bayan ya bar Italiya ya yi shekara guda a Spain  da watanni uku a Medoc da ke Faransa, Hemingway yanzu yana zaune tare da matarsa, Kristina da 'yarsa a Montreal, Quebec, Kanada.  &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

#### MANAZARTA
Sofia Gubaidulina

**Sofia Asgatovna Gubaidulina**   (24 Oktoba 1931 - 13 Maris 2025) mawaƙiya ce ta Soviet da Rasha wacce ta rubuta waƙoƙin tsarki na zamani .  Ta kasance mai hazaka sosai, tana samar da waƙoƙin chamber, orchestral da kuma mawaƙa da yawa.  An bayyana ayyukanta a matsayin binciken tashin hankali tsakanin kiɗan Yamma da Gabas, kuma an siffanta ta da "amfani da ƙananan sauti da kuma salon rubutu, salon rubutu da kuma amfani da sautuka masu bambanci." 

An yaba wa waƙoƙinta saboda "ƙarfin motsin rai", yayin da ta bayyana waƙarta a matsayin wadda ke kawo legato, wato, jin "haɗin gwiwa a cikin rarrafewar rayuwa." [1] Tare da Alfred Schnittke, Arvo Pärt da Edison Denisov, an ɗauke Gubaidulina a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet waɗanda hukumomi suka ƙi, ciki har da KGB, amma waɗanda manyan ƙungiyar makaɗa ta duniya suka saba ba da umarni da kuma yin ayyukansu, tare da babban abin da ta fara samu shine wasan kide-kide na goge-gogenta Offertorium (1980).

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Gubaidulina a ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 1931 a Chistopol, Jamhuriyar gurguzu ta Soviet mai cin gashin kanta ta Tatar (yanzu Jamhuriyar Tatarstan ), SFSR ta Rasha,   ga mahaifin wani ɗan Tatar na Volga kuma mahaifiyar 'yar asalin Poland-Yahudawa. Mahaifinta, Asgat Masgudovich Gubaidulin, ƙwararren mai binciken ƙasa ne kuma injiniya, mahaifiyarta kuma, Fedosiya Fyodorovna (née Yelkhova), malamar makaranta ce.  

## Sana'a

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Gubaidulina mamba ce mai ibada a Cocin Orthodox na Rasha .  A shekarar 1973, an kai mata hari aka kuma shake ta a cikin lif na ginin gidanta da ke Moscow, amma ta tsira.   Daga baya abokanta suka yi tunanin cewa maharin wakilin KGB ne.  Bayan faduwar Tarayyar Soviet, ta zauna a Appen, Jamus, tun daga 1992.   Babban piano na Steinway da ke gidanta kyauta ce daga Rostropovich .  Ta yi aure sau uku;  mijinta na biyu marubuci ne kuma ɗan adawa Nikolai Bokov .  Gubaidulina ta dakatar da waƙa a shekarar 2012 bayan mutuwar mijinta na uku Pyotr Meshchaninov, 'yarta, da abokinta kuma abokin waƙarta Viktor Suslin . 

Tasirin kiɗan lantarki da dabarun haɓakawa an misalta su a cikin haɗakar abubuwan da ke bambanta juna, sabbin kayan kida da amfani da kayan kida na gargajiya na Rasha a cikin ayyukanta na solo da ɗakin taro, gami da *De profundis* don bayan, *Et expecto*, sonata don bayan, da *In croce* don cello da organ ko bayan. Koto, kayan kida na gargajiya na Japan an nuna shi a cikin aikinta *In the Shadow of the Tree*, inda ɗan wasa ɗaya ke yin wasa akan kayan kida daban-daban guda uku - koto, bass koto, da zheng . *Canticle of the Sun* wani cello concerto/choral hybrid ne, wanda aka keɓe ga Mstislav Rostropovich . Amfani da mafi ƙarancin rajista akan cello yana buɗe sabbin damammaki ga kayan kida. 

### MANAZARTA
Junior Bridgeman

**Ulysses Lee** " **Junior** " **Bridgeman Jr.** (Satumba 17, 1953 - Maris 11, 2025) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Amurka. Bridgeman ya buga wasa a Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBA) ga Milwaukee Bucks da Los Angeles Clippers daga 1975 har zuwa 1987. Bayan aikinsa, Bridgeman ya mallaki ɗaruruwan gidajen cin abinci na abinci mai sauri, ya zama mai sayar da kwalba da rarrabawa na Coca-Cola, kuma ya sayi mujallun *Ebony* da *Jet* . Duk da cewa bai taɓa samun sama da dala 350,000 a kakar wasa ba a lokacin aikinsa na NBA, Bridgeman yana da dukiyar da ta kai sama da dala biliyan 1.4, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin 'yan wasa mafi arziki a duniya. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Ulysses Lee Bridgeman Jr. a Gabashin Chicago, Indiana, ga Ulysses Lee Bridgeman Sr., ma'aikacin injin ƙarfe, da kuma Delores (Meaders) Bridgeman, mai gyaran gida.    Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Washington kuma memba ne na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta 1971, wacce ba ta yi rashin nasara ba (29–0) kuma ta lashe gasar ƙwallon kwando ta makarantar sakandare ta jihar Indiana. Daga cikin abokan wasansa akwai ɗan'uwansa Sam, Pete Trgovich da Tim Stoddard . 

## Aikin kwaleji
Tsawon  mai gadi / gaba, Bridgeman ya halarci Jami'ar Louisville kuma ya buga ƙwallon kwando ta kwaleji ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Louisville Cardinals . Bridgeman shine ɗan wasan shekara na Missouri Valley Conference a 1974 da 1975.  Bridgeman ya jagoranci Louisville Cardinals zuwa gasar ƙwallon kwando ta NCAA Division I a 1974 a matsayin ƙarami. A matsayinsa na ɗalibi na gaba, ya jagoranci Cardinals zuwa Final Four na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta NCAA Division I a 1975, inda suka sha kashi a hannun zakaran NCAA UCLA 75–74 a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na ƙasa.  A cikin aikinsa na kwaleji a Louisville, Bridgeman ya sami matsakaicin maki 15.5, dawowa 7.6 da kuma taimakawa 2.7 a wasanni 87. 

## Sana'ar ƙwararru

### Milwaukee Bucks (1975–1984)
Kungiyar Los Angeles Lakers ta zabi Bridgeman a zagaye na farko, tare da zabin takwas a cikin jerin 'yan wasan NBA na 1975. A ranar 16 ga Yuni, 1975, kusan makonni uku bayan zaben, Lakers ta sayar da Bridgeman, David Meyers, Elmore Smith da Brian Winters zuwa Milwaukee Bucks don Kareem Abdul-Jabbar da Walt Wesley . 

A matsayinsa na sabon shiga a Milwaukee a tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1976 a ƙarƙashin koci Larry Costello, Bridgeman ya sami matsakaicin maki 8.6, sake dawowa 3.6 da kuma taimako 1.9. [1] A tsakanin 1976 zuwa 1977, Milwaukee ta kori Costello bayan fara wasa da ci 3-15, kuma an ɗauki mataimakin koci Don Nelson, wanda ya kasance ɗan wasa a gasar NBA ta 1976 Boston Celtics a shekarar da ta gabata, a matsayin koci. Bridgeman ya inganta, inda ya samu matsakaicin maki 14.4, sake dawowa 5.1 da kuma taimako 2.5. A ranar 15 ga Disamba, 1976, Bridgeman ya zira kwallaye 41 a tarihin aikinsa a rashin nasara da ya yi da Boston da ci 129-125. [2] Nelson da Bridgeman sun kasance tare a kakar wasa takwas masu zuwa.

#### MANAZARTA
Stanley R. Jaffe

**Stanley Richard Jaffe** / / ˈdʒ æfi / ;  Yuli 31, 1940 Maris 10, 2025) fitaccen furodusan fina-finai ne na Amurka. Fina-finan da ya shirya sun haɗa da *Fatal Attraction*, *The Accused* da *Kramer vs. Kramer*, waɗanda suka lashe kyautar Academy Award for Best Picture . 

## Bayani
An haifi Jaffe a cikin dangin Yahudawa  a New Rochelle, New York, ɗan babban jami'in fina-finai Leo Jaffe . 

Ya sami digirin farko a fannin tattalin arziki daga Makarantar Wharton, Jami'ar Pennsylvania, a shekarar 1962. 

## Sana'a
A shekarar 1962, Jaffe ya shiga Seven Arts Associates, kuma a shekarar 1964, an nada shi mataimakin shugaban Seven Arts.  Bayan Warner Bros. ya sayi Seven Arts a shekarar 1967, Jaffe ya tafi ya shiga CBS na tsawon shekaru biyu. 

Bayan ya shirya Goodbye Columbus, an naɗa Jaffe mataimakin shugaban zartarwa kuma babban jami'in ayyuka na Paramount Pictures a shekarar 1970, [1] kuma cikin watanni uku aka naɗa shi shugaban ƙasa. A shekarar 1971, ya yi murabus don kafa wani kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai zaman kansa mai suna Jaffilms, [2] [3] [4] wanda ke da alaƙa da Columbia Pictures . [5] Jaffilms sun shirya Bad Company (1972) da The Bad News Bears (1976). A shekarar 1977, Jaffe ya zama mataimakin shugaban shirya fina-finai na duniya a Columbia Pictures.

Jaffe ya koma yin fim mai zaman kansa tare da *Kramer da Kramer* a shekarar 1979.  A shekarar 1983, tare da haɗin gwiwar Sherry Lansing (shugaban Twentieth Century-Fox a lokacin), ya fara kamfanin shirya fina-finai Jaffe-Lansing .    A shekarar 1991, an nada shi shugaba kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na Paramount Communications,  kuma ya wargaza haɗin gwiwarsa da Lansing.  A shekarar 1992, an nada shi magajin Brandon Tartikoff a matsayin shugaban Paramount . 

## Mutuwa

### MANAZARTA
Ed Curnow

**Edward Curnow** (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1989  ) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wa Adelaide Football Club da Carlton Football Club wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Australia (AFL).

## Rayuwa ta farko
Curnow ya shiga shirin Auskick a Geelong da ke Victoria, Ostiraliya, [1] kuma ya buga ƙwallon ƙafarsa ta ƙarama a Modewarre a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Bellarine da kuma ƙwallon ƙafa ta makaranta a Kwalejin Geelong a APS, [2] kafin ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta TAC Cup ga Geelong Falcons har zuwa 2007, sannan ya wakilci Vic Country a gasar cin kofin AFL ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18. [3] An zaɓe shi zuwa AFL ta ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Adelaide tare da zaɓensa na uku a gasar AFL Rookie Draft ta 2008 (#40 gabaɗaya); duk da haka, bai buga wasa na ƙarshe a Crows ba. Ya yi kakar wasa ta 2008 yana wasa da Glenelg, ƙungiyar SANFL da aka ware masa, [4] kuma Crows ya cire shi daga jerin 'yan wasa bayan kakar wasa ɗaya.[5]

## Aikin AFL
Curnow ya koma Victoria, kuma ya yi rajista da Box Hill a VFL a 2009.  Kakar wasan Curnow ta 2009 ta yi kyau, amma kakar wasansa ta 2010 ta kasance ta musamman, kuma ya kasance mafi kyawun ɗan wasan Box Hill a koyaushe. Kakar wasansa ta ƙare lokacin da ya karye a zagaye na 13, inda bai buga wasanni takwas na ƙarshe na Hawks ba; duk da haka, ya riga ya sami isassun ƙuri'u don lashe mafi kyawun Box Hill da adalci (Col Austen Trophy),  kuma ya kare a matsayi na uku a gasar JJ Liston Trophy, bayan ya riƙe jagora mai kyau a lokacin da ya ji rauni.  Curnow ya buga jimillar wasanni 33 na manyan 'yan wasa ga Box Hill a cikin shekaru biyu da ya yi a kulob ɗin,  kuma ya buga wasa ɗaya na wakilci ga VFL.

Bayan nasarar da ya samu a kakar wasa ta VFL, Carlton Football Club ta sake daukar Curnow zuwa AFL tare da zabinsa na farko a gasar AFL Rookie ta 2011 (lambar 18 gaba daya). An ba shi lamba 35 a gasar Guernsey  Bayan ya yi fice a wasannin share fage, Curnow ya zama sabon dan wasan da aka zaba a kungiyar,  kuma ya fara bugawa Blues wasa a zagaye na 1 na kakar wasa ta 2011 da Richmond a gasar MCG. Ya fara aikinsa mai kyau a matsayin daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan Carlton a wasanni shida na farko na kakar wasa,  kodayake sauran kakar wasa ta bana ya sha wahala bayan raunin kafada a zagaye na 7. 

## Manazarta
Singleton (global governance)

A fannin ilimin gaba, **singleton** tsari ne na duniya da ake hasashensa inda akwai wata hukuma mai yanke shawara guda ɗaya a mataki mafi girma, wadda ke da ikon yin iko mai inganci a kan yankinta, da kuma hana barazanar ciki da waje ga fifikonta har abada. Nick Bostrom ne ya fara bayyana kalmar.        

## Bayani
A cewar Nick Bostrom, singleton wani ra'ayi ne mai rikitarwa wanda za a iya aiwatarwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban: 
 
Bostrom ya yi jayayya cewa superintelligence na iya samar da singleton.  Fasaha don sa ido da sarrafa hankali suma na iya sauƙaƙe ƙirƙirar singleton. 

Singleton yana da haɗari mai yuwuwa da fa'idodi masu yuwuwa. Abin lura shi ne, Singleton mai dacewa zai iya magance matsalolin haɗin gwiwa na duniya waɗanda ba za a iya warware su ba, yana buɗe hanyoyin ci gaba da ba za a iya samu ba don wayewa. Misali, Ben Goertzel, wani mai bincike a fannin AGI, ya ba da shawarar cewa mutane za su iya yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar "AI Nanny" tare da "ikon leƙen asiri da sa ido mai sauƙi", don kare ɗan adam daga haɗarin rayuwa kamar nanotechnology da kuma jinkirta ci gaban wasu (marasa abokantaka) na fasaha har sai an warware matsalolin tsaro.  Singleton zai iya sanya "ƙayyadaddun iyakoki kan yadda yake amfani da ikonsa (misali a kan lokaci yana iyakance kansa ga tabbatar da cewa an girmama wasu ƙa'idodi na ƙasa da ƙasa da aka ƙayyade a cikin yarjejeniya - ko ƙa'idodin 'yanci -)".  Bugu da ƙari, Bostrom ya ba da shawarar cewa Singleton zai iya hana matsin lamba na juyin halitta na Darwin, yana hana wakilai masu sha'awar haifuwa kawai su mamaye. 

Duk da haka Bostrom kuma yana ɗaukar yiwuwar tsarin mulkin kama-karya na duniya mai dorewa, mai danniya, da kuma cikakken iko a matsayin babban haɗarin wanzuwa.  Daidaiton singleton ya sa shigar da *mummunan* singleton ya zama mummunan bala'i, tunda sakamakon ba za a iya gyara shi ba. Bryan Caplan ya rubuta cewa "watakila har abada na mulkin kama-karya zai fi muni fiye da halaka". 

Hakazalika Hans Morgenthau ya jaddada cewa haɓaka makamai, sufuri, da sadarwa ta hanyar injiniya yana sa "cin nasarar duniya a fannin fasaha ya yiwu, kuma suna sa ya yiwu a ci gaba da riƙe duniya a cikin wannan yanayin da aka ci nasara". Rashinsa shine dalilin da ya sa manyan dauloli na da, duk da girmansu, suka kasa kammala cin nasarar duniya baki ɗaya da kuma ci gaba da cin nasarar. Amma yanzu, wannan yana yiwuwa. Fasaha tana kawar da shingayen yanayi da na yanayi. "A yau babu wani cikas na fasaha da ke hana daular duniya baki ɗaya", kamar yadda "fasahar zamani ke ba da damar faɗaɗa ikon tunani da aiki zuwa kowane kusurwa na duniya ba tare da la'akari da yanayin ƙasa da yanayi ba.

## Duba kuma

* Karɓar AI
* Singleality
* Hanzarta Hanzarta
* Haɗarin wanzuwa
* Ƙwarewar wucin gadi mai kyau
* Babban Jami'in Tsaro
* Babban Iko

## Manazarta