James Fairbairn

**James Valentine Fairbairn** (28 ga Yuli 1897 - 13 ga Agusta 1940) matukin jirgin sama ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan ƙasar Ostiraliya. Matukin jirgin yaƙi ne a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, ya wakilci Jam'iyyar United Australia (UAP) a majalisar tarayya kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Jiragen Sama da Jiragen Sama daga 1939 har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekara mai zuwa.

An haifi Fairbairn a Ingila ga iyayensa 'yan ƙasar Australia, kuma ya girma a ƙauye Victoria. Yana da shekaru 18 ya koma Ingila don shiga cikin Royal Flying Corps (RFC). An harbe shi a bayan layin abokan gaba a ɗaya daga cikin ayyukansa na farko kuma ya sami mummunan rauni a hannu, daga baya ya shafe sama da shekara guda a matsayin fursunan yaƙi na Jamus. Daga baya Fairbairn ya zama mai kiwon dabbobi a gundumar Yammacin Victoria. Ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Majalisar Dokokin Victoria (1932-1933) kafin ya lashe zaɓen maye gurbin Majalisar Wakilai . Fairbairn ya ci gaba da tashi a matsayin farar hula kuma an amince da shi a matsayin ƙwararre a fannin sufurin jiragen sama. An naɗa shi minista a shekarar 1939 a matsayin memba na Gwamnatin Menzies ta farko. An kashe shi a hatsarin jirgin sama na Canberra na 1940 tare da abokan aikinsa biyu na majalisar ministoci da shugaban sojoji.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Fairbairn a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 1897 a Wadhurst, Sussex, Ingila. Shi ne na uku cikin 'ya'ya biyar da iyayensa 'yan ƙasar Australiya Elizabeth (née Osborne) da Charles Fairbairn suka haifa. Iyalan mahaifinsa suna da gidaje masu yawa na kiwo a Queensland da Victoria, waɗanda kakansa ɗan ƙasar Scotland George Fairbairn ya tara. Mahaifinsa da kawunsa biyar, ciki har da George da Steve, sun karɓi ragamar kula da su. Kakansa na wajen uwa James Osborne shi ma makiyayi ne. Lokacin da Fairbairn yake ɗan shekara biyu, mahaifinsa ya sami gida kusa da Skipton a Yammacin Gundumar Victoria. Ya girma a can har zuwa shekara goma sha ɗaya lokacin da aka tura shi makarantar koyon wasan tennis, wasanni da kuma koyon tukin kwale-kwale.

## Aikin soja

A shekarar 1915, bayan cikarsa shekaru 18, Fairbairn ya yi tafiya zuwa Ingila don shiga cikin Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Royal Flying Corps (RFC), rundunar sojojin sama ta Sojojin Burtaniya. Babban ɗan'uwansa Osborne ya riga ya kasance memba na RFC, bayan ya kasance ɗalibi a Kwalejin Jesus, Cambridge, lokacin da yaƙin ya ɓarke. An shigar da shi horon jami'ai kuma aka aika shi zuwa Scotland don koyarwa a watan Yunin 1916, yana tashi daga Turnhouse da Stirling. Ya kammala horonsa a Croydon da Netheravon, yana yin aiki a Bristol Scouts. Bayan an naɗa shi jami'in tashi, Fairbairn ya tafi Faransa a ƙarshen Disamba 1916 a matsayin matukin jirgin sama tare da Squadron mai lamba 54, rukunin RFC na farko da ya tashi da Sopwith Pups. Rundunar ta fara aiki a wata mai zuwa.

A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1917, aka tura Fairbairn da wasu mutane tara su raka wani aikin leƙen asiri a kan layin Jamus tsakanin Cambrai da Saint-Quentin. Ya bar ƙungiyar saboda matsalar injin kuma jiragen Jamus suka bi shi, daga ƙarshe aka tilasta masa sauka a wani hatsari.[1] Ya yi ƙoƙarin juyawar Immelmann amma bai sami damar sake sarrafa shi a gefe ba, wanda hakan ya tilasta wa jirgin ya sauko a tsaye. Bayan saukarsa, Fairbairn ya kunna wuta nan da nan don gujewa kama shi, amma bai sami damar 'yantar da kansa ba kuma sojojin Jamus suka ceto shi. [1] Ya sami mummunan ƙonewa a fuska daga gobarar, ban da raunin harsashi a gwiwar hannun dama wanda aka kimanta ba zai iya aiki ba kuma ya bar shi nakasa har abada. An ɗauke shi a matsayin fursunan yaƙi, Fairbairn ya yi lokaci a Faransa da Netherlands kafin a aika shi zuwa Switzerland don ya warke. An musanya shi da fursunan Jamus a watan Afrilun 1918 kuma ya ci gaba da murmurewa a wani asibiti a Landan. Raunin da ya samu ya ba shi ƙaramin fansho na Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Royal.[1]

## Manazarta