Jane Craven

**Jane Wells Craven** (Janairu 25, 1875 - Maris 3, 1958) likita ce ta Amurka, 'yar wasan Tennis ce ta lashe kyautar, Direban motar asibiti da likitanci a yakin duniya na farko. Craven ta lashe gasar zakarun Amurka ta 1899 a wasan tennis na mata biyu, tare da abokin aikinta Myrtle McAteer . An ba ta lambar yabo ta Croix de Guerre a shekarar 1917 saboda aikin likita a Faransa a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Daga baya ta zama malamin Roman Katolika kuma ta dauki sunan Sister Elizabeth .

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Jane Wells Craven a ranar 25 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1875 a Lucknow, Indiya, ga Jane Maria (née Wells) (ta mutu a shekara ta 1914)  da kuma Reverend Thomas Craven . Iyayenta sun yi aure a shekara ta 1870, mahaifiyarta ta fito ne daga Jihar New York kuma mahaifinta dan kasar Welsh ne mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje. "Jennie," kamar yadda aka sani a cikin iyali, tana da 'yan uwa uku: Theodora (an haife ta 1872), Henry (an haifee 1874) da Merritt (an haifi ta 1876). 

Iyalin Craven sun yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1879  kuma sun zauna a Illinois" id="mwKQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Evanston, Illinois">Evanston, Illinois, a shekara ta 1880, inda Jane Wells Craven ta halarci Makarantar sakandare ta Evanston Township. Ta yi karatun likitanci a Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma da ke Evanston,  ta kammala karatu a kusa da 1898 tare da digiri na Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) daga Makarantar Osteopathy ta Amurka.    'Yan uwanta Theodora da Henry suma sun halarci Arewa maso Yamma.

Daga bisani Craven ya fara buga wasan tennis kuma ya lashe gasar zakarun mata ta Amurka ta 1899 a cikin mata biyu tare da Myrtle McAteer . Daga baya sun yi wasa tare a ranar 30 ga Yuni 1909 kuma sun lashe wasan cancanta a gasar cin kofin Tennis ta Yammacin Pennsylvania . 

A cikin 1900, Craven ya tsere wa auren wani mai bindiga lokacin da daya daga cikin matansa ya rubuta mata kuma ya gargadi ta game da halin da ake ciki. Ta amsa "Na gode da gargadi na ku. Sun koyi gaskiya a lokaci".

## Ayyukan likita
A shekara ta 1899, Craven yana zaune kuma yana aiki a cikin maganin osteopathic a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,  kamar yadda aka jera a cikin kundin adireshin birnin. 

A shekara ta 1905, Craven ta koma wurin haihuwarta na Lucknow a Indiya kuma tana amfani da kwarewarta ta likita don taimakawa wajen cutar da wadanda ke fama da cutar a can. Tana magana da harshen Hindi. Kafin 1910, ta yi aiki a Misira, kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da ke yaki da cututtukan da ke yaduwa. A shekara ta 1911, Craven ta koma Pittsburgh, lokacin da ta kasance ta biyu ga Hazel Hotchkiss a wasan tennis.

Yayinda yake zaune a Pittsburgh, Craven ya ziyarci Iron City Fishing Club a Moon Bay, Woods Bay a cikin Massasauga Provincial Park, Ontario, Kanada. Ta sayi tsibirin B69 a cikin 1912, ta gina gida a ciki kuma ta kira shi Dilkusha, daga Hindi. Craven ta sayar da tsibirin a cikin 1920, bayan da aka ruwaito ta sami ta'aziyya a can daga raunin aikin likita a yakin duniya na farko. 

## Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya
Craven ta taimaka wajen tara kudade a Pittsburgh don ɗaukar motar asibiti da ma'aikata zuwa gaban Faransa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na I. Ta yi niyyar fitar da motar asibiti kanta. Duk da cancanta a matsayin likita, ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya kusa da layin gaba. A lokacin, ba a yarda likitocin osteopathy su shiga rundunar likitocin sojin Amurka ba. An ruwaito cewa "ta tsere wa kamawa da Jamusawa" a lokuta da yawa kuma cewa "ƙarfin zuciyarta ya sami sha'awar Janar Kwamandan Verdun", Auguste Hirschauer . 

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1917, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Croix de Guerre saboda aikinta a lokacin yakin. An yi la'akari da ita a matsayin mace ta farko ta Amurka da aka girmama da kyautar.

## Juyowa da zama nun
An haifi Craven a cikin iyalin Furotesta, amma a hukumance ta tuba zuwa Katolika ba da daɗewa ba bayan ta tsira daga abubuwan da ta samu a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Janar Auguste Hirschauer ya tsaya a matsayin mai ba da izini a baftismarta. Ta shiga ƙungiyar Daughters of Charity na Saint Vincent de Paul a ƙarƙashin sunan Sister Elizabeth . Da farko ta kasance a Faransa a cikin garin Neuilly a yammacin unguwar Paris, rawar da ta taka a cikin 'yan'uwa ita ce kula da marasa lafiya da marasa lafiya. Daga baya ta yi aiki a Istanbul, Turkiyya, a farkon shekarun 1930.

## Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu
'Yar'uwa Elizabeth ta kama sau uku daga masu mamaye Jamus a Faransa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . An san ta da "bayyana kanta a bayyane kuma kyauta" kuma ana kiran ta zuwa ofishin magajin gari a Mairie, wanda ya gargadi ta da ta yi hankali yayin bayyana ra'ayinta. An kama ta a Bayeux, amma an sake ta kuma ta koma Paris tare da wata nun a cikin mota, tana tuka manyan layin kayan aikin injiniya na Jamus. An kama ta a karo na biyu a lokacin da ta isa Paris, kuma an zarge ta da leken asiri. Da aka tambaye ta abin da ta lura a tafiyarta, 'yar'uwa Elizabeth ta ba da amsoshi masu rikitarwa cewa ita da' yar'uwarta 'yan Nazi sun sake su.

Na uku da aka kama Sister Elizabeth ya kasance a lokacin da sojojin Birtaniya da Kanada suka yi wa sojojin da suka mamaye, tare da niyyar aika su zuwa Besançon, a gabashin Faransa. Ta yi mummunar rashin lafiya, wanda ya haifar da sakin ta.

Daughters of Charity na Saint Vincent de Paul suna da gida a Arromanches, Normandy, wanda ke da alaƙa da al'umma a Neuilly. An shigar da Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Mulberry a can a matsayin wani ɓangare na mamayewar Normandy a watan Yunin 1944 kuma garin ya kasance ƙarƙashin manyan bama-bamai. 'Yar'uwa Elizabeth da wata nun sun yi tafiya a can ta mota don ceto "adadin ƙarfe mai daraja da ke barazanar lalacewa", dawo da shi lafiya kuma sun koma Neuilly.[1][2]

A zamanin bayan yakin a 1947, an nemi Sister Elizabeth ta sake halartar ofishin magajin gari. Lokacin da ta isa, ta tambayi: "Me na yi yanzu don a sake kira ta zuwa Hall?" don a sadu da labarai za a ba ta Cross of the Legion of Honour. Daga baya aka gabatar da ita da lambar yabo a wannan bikin kamar Winston Churchill, shugaban Birtaniya na lokacin yaƙi. 'Ya'yansa mata sun nemi su kasance don ganin an girmama nunin.

## Tennis

### Ƙarshen Grand Slam

#### Sau biyu (1 taken)

#### Haɗuwa sau biyu (1 wanda ya zo na biyu)

#### Sau biyu (1 wanda ya zo na biyu)

## Manazarta