Fataucin mutane a Ghana

A shekara ta 2009, Ghana ƙasa ce ta asali, wucewa, da kuma makoma ga mata da yara da ke fuskantar fataucin mutane, musamman ma aikin tilas da karuwanci. Cin zarafin 'yan ƙasar Ghana, musamman yara, ya fi yawa fiye da fataucin baƙi na ƙasashen waje. Motsi na yara da aka yi fataucin su a cikin gida ya kasance daga karkara zuwa birane, ko kuma daga wani karkara zuwa wani, kamar yadda daga noma zuwa al'ummomin kamun kifi.

A shekara ta 2009, an tilasta wa yara maza da mata na Ghana aiki a cikin ƙasar a cikin kamun kifi, bautar gida, sayar da tituna, bara, ɗaukar kaya, da aikin gona. 'Yan mata na Ghana, da kuma yara maza, suna fuskantar Cin zarafin jima'i na kasuwanci a cikin Ghana. Masu fataucin ma'aikata na cikin gida sun kasance masu zaman kansu, kuma watakila an san su da membobin al'ummar tushe. Iyaye marasa ilimi bazai fahimci cewa ta hanyar ba da hadin kai ga masu aikata laifuka na fataucin mutane ba, suna iya fallasa yaransu ga sanyawa, tilasta, ko siyarwa kai tsaye.

Kafofin yada labarai a cikin 2009 sun ambaci matan Ghana 50 da aka dauka don aiki a Rasha kuma daga baya aka tilasta musu yin karuwanci. Mata da 'yan mata daga China, Najeriya, Côte d'Ivoire, da Burkina Faso sun fuskanci tilasta karuwanci bayan sun isa Ghana. An tilasta wa 'yan ƙasa daga wasu ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka aiki a Ghana a aikin gona ko bautar gida ba tare da son rai ba. Wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane sun jimre da matsanancin kulawa, gami da sa'o'i masu tsawo, Bautar bashi, rashin albashi, haɗarin jiki, da cin zarafin jima'i.

Kasar ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar TIP ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 a watan Agustan 2012.

Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sanya Ghana a cikin "Tier 2 Watchlist" a cikin 2017  da 2023 . 

A cikin 2023, Ƙididdigar Laifuka ta Ƙungiya ta ba Ghana maki 7 cikin 10 don fataucin mutane.

## Amsar gwamnati (2009)
Gwamnatin Ghana ba ta cika cikakkun ka'idoji don kawar da fataucin mutane ba. Koyaya, yana yin ƙoƙari mai mahimmanci don yin hakan, duk da ƙarancin albarkatu. Ghana ta kara kokarin tilasta bin doka ta hanyar gurfanar da kuma hukunta yawan masu fataucin mutane, gami da hukunce-hukuncen farko da suka shafi aikin tilasta yara a masana'antar kamun kifi ta Lake Volta. 'Yan sanda na Ghana sun yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Interpol don karɓar bakuncin horo na yanki ga jami'an tilasta bin doka daga Afirka mai magana da Ingilishi, kuma gwamnati ta ɗauki matakai don kafa ƙungiyoyin yaki da fataucin mutane na yanki guda huɗu don gudanar da shari'o'i yadda ya kamata a matakin yanki.

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2009, shugaban ya nada sabbin mambobi a kwamitin gudanar da fataucin mutane, wanda aka rushe lokacin da gwamnatin da ta gabata ta bar mukamin a watan Janairun shekara ta 2009. Koyaya, gwamnati ba ta nuna ƙarin ƙoƙari don tabbatar da cewa waɗanda abin ya shafa sun sami isasshen kariya ba, kamar tallafawa mafaka ga waɗanda aka yi wa fataucin mutane, ko ƙara taimako ga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ko Ƙungiyoyin duniya don samar da kulawar waɗanda aka yi musu fataucin.

## Gurfanarwa (2009)
Gwamnatin Ghana ta nuna ci gaba wajen kokarin yaki da fataucin mutane a shekarar 2009. Ghana ta haramta dukkan nau'ikan fatauci ta dokar ta na Fataucin Mutane ta 2005 (HTA), wadda ke tanadar hukuncin dauri na akalla shekaru biyar ga duk wanda aka samu da laifin fatauci. Wannan hukunci yana da tsauri kuma ya yi daidai da hukuncin wasu manyan laifuka, kamar fyade. A watan Yulin 2009, majalisar dokokin Ghana ta amince da gyara a cikin ma’anar fatauci domin daidaita dokar HTA da yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 kan yaki da fataucin mutane (UN TIP Protocol).

Rundunar 'Yan Sandan Ghana (GPS) tana da sashen Yaki da fataucin mutane (AHTU) a cikin sashen binciken laifuka, wanda ya kaddamar da bincike 31 kan fatauci a shekarar 2009. Gwamnati ta fara gurfanar da mutane 15 bisa fatauci a cikin shekarar — wanda ya karu idan aka kwatanta da guda biyar a shekarar 2008 — kuma ta samu nasarar yanke hukunci kan masu laifi shida a cikin shekarar, wanda ya fi guda daya da aka samu a 2008. A cewar AHTU, sashen ya taimaka wajen dawo da yara 20 da aka yi fataucinsu zuwa kasashe makwabta. Bisa kididdiga daga AHTU, kaso 61 cikin 100 na shari’o’in fatauci a Ghana na da nasaba da fataucin ma’aikata ne, yayin da kaso 39 cikin 100 suka shafi cin zarafin jima’i.

A watan Yunin 2009, kotu ta kama wasu 'yan kasar Sin guda uku da laifin fataucin mata takwas ‘yan kasar Sin zuwa Ghana domin karuwanci. Kotun Circuit ta Accra ta yanke wa babban wanda ake zargi hukuncin dauri na shekaru 17 – wanda ya hada da shekaru 10 saboda fatauci da shekaru biyu saboda hada baki. Dan uwansa ya samu hukuncin shekaru 12 – 10 saboda taimakawa a aikata laifin da kuma 2 saboda hada baki. A wata shari’a daban, an yanke wa wani mutum hukuncin shekaru 8 saboda fataucin yara uku ‘yan Ghana zuwa Côte d’Ivoire. Wadannan hukunci sun dara mafi karancin hukuncin shekaru biyar da doka ta tanada.

A watan Janairun 2010, kotun Circuit da ke Agona Swedru ta kama wata mace ‘yar Ghana da laifin bautar da yara biyu ‘yan shekara shida da takwas daga Yankin Tsakiya domin su yi aikin kamun kifi a kogin Volta. Kotun ta yanke mata hukuncin dauri na shekaru tara — wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka gurfanar da mutum saboda fataucin cikin gida a Ghana. Gwamnati ta hada kai da kasashe makwabta da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa da kuma wasu jakadanci wajen gurfanar da shari’o’in fataucin kasa da kasa, musamman wajen karya wata kungiyar fatauci da ta tura mata ‘yan Ghana akalla 50 zuwa Rasha domin karuwanci.

## Manazarta