Sansanonin NKVD na musamman a Jamus 1945-1950

**NKVD sansanonin musamman** ( German   ) sun kasance sansanin NKVD da aka gudanar a ƙarshen yakin duniya na biyu a yankunan Jamus da Soviet ta mamaye daga Mayu 1945 zuwa 6 ga Janairu, 1950. Hukumar Sojan Soviet a Jamus (SMAD) ce ta kafa su kuma Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta Tarayyar Soviet (MVD) ce ta kafa su.  A ranar 8 ga Agusta 1948, an mayar da sansanonin a ƙarƙashin Gulag .  Saboda an ba wa fursunonin sansanin izinin yin hulɗa da duniyar waje, sansanonin na musamman kuma an san su da **sansanonin shiru** ( German   ). 

Hukumomin mamayar Soviet ba su yarda da wanzuwar sansanonin ba har sai ƴan jarida na Yammacin Turai sun jagoranci Tarayyar Soviet don amsawa da kamfen ɗin farfaganda na kansu na shigarwa da kare wanzuwar Sansanonin. Ba a saki fursunoni ba kafin 1948.  A ranar 6 ga watan Janairun 1950, an mika sansanonin ga Gwamnatin Jamus ta Gabas,  wanda ya gwada sauran fursunoni.  A hukumance, an tsare mutane 157,837, ciki har da Jamusawa 122,671 da 'yan ƙasa 35,166 na wasu ƙasashe, akalla 43,035 daga cikinsu ba su tsira ba. Adadin fursunonin Jamus ya kai kusan 30,000 sama.

## Fursunoni
Babban Jami'in sansanin NKVD (GULAG) ya mallaki sansanonin na musamman daga Moscow. Dukkanin kwamandojin sansanin manyan jami'an soja ne na Soviet kuma an tsara sansanonin zuwa takamaiman sansanin GULAG kamar yadda yake a Siberia ko Asiya ta Tsakiya. Sansanonin, duk da haka, ba sansanonin aiki ne da ke haɗe da masana'antu ko gonaki na jama'a ba. Akasin haka, ba a yarda fursunoni su yi aiki ba. A takaice dai ba sansanonin mutuwa ba ne kamar sansanonin hallaka Nazi a Poland, amma duk da haka yawan mutuwar ya kasance mai girma saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki da cututtuka.

### Haraji
An kama mutane ne saboda zargin da ake yi da alaƙa da Nazi" id="mwSw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Nazi">Nazis, saboda suna hana kafa Stalinism, ko kuma bazuwar. Tushen shari'a don kamawa shine umarnin Beria No. 00315 na 18 ga Afrilu 1945, wanda ya ba da umarnin tsare-tsare ba tare da binciken da Sojojin Soviet suka yi ba na "masu leken asiri, masu sabotage, 'yan ta'adda da membobin NSDAP masu aiki", shugabannin kungiyoyin Nazi, mutanen da ke kula da na'urorin bugawa da watsa shirye-shirye "ba bisa ka'ida ba ko ajiyar makamai, mambobin gwamnatin farar hula, da 'yan jarida. Wannan shi ne irin wannan umarnin NKVD don kamawa da kuma korar zuwa sansanonin Gulag a Tarayyar Soviet da aka yi amfani da su sosai ta hanyar jami'an tsaro na Soviet inda wadanda abin ya shafa ba su da wata hanyar shari'a.

### Sakamako na farko
An saki na farko 27,749 a tsakiyar 1948 bayan sake dubawa na shari'o'i 43,853 ta kwamiti na SMAD, MGB da MVD (mai maye gurbin NKVD).  Daga cikin wadanda aka saki akwai mutanen da aka kama su ne bisa zargin asalin Nazi, wanda hukumar ta gano ba shi da mahimmanci.

### Adadin da wadanda suka mutu
Adadin wadanda aka tsare da wadanda suka mutu ba su da tabbas. A cikin 1990 Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta Soviet ta fitar da lambobi, waɗanda suka dogara ne akan tarin bayanan da aka tattara bayan rushewar sansanonin da shugaban karshe na gwamnatinta ya yi a cikin 1950. Dangane da waɗannan lambobin, an karɓi Jamusawa 122,671, 'yan ƙasa 34,706 na Tarayyar Soviet, da' yan ƙasa 460 na ƙasashen waje. Yayinda aka kori fursunoni 40,244 zuwa Tarayyar Soviet, an saki 45,635, an harbe 786 kuma 43,035 suka mutu. An mika Jamusawa 6,680 zuwa sansanonin POW, fursunoni 128 sun tsere. An mika fursunonin Jamus 14,202 ga Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta Gabashin Jamus. Wani bincike mai mahimmanci na bayanan da Natalja Jeske ya yi ya kammala cewa an tsare kimanin mutane 30,000 a sansanonin na musamman fiye da yadda aka amince da su a hukumance. Adadin mutuwar hukuma duk da haka ana ɗaukarsa daidai ne. Kimanin tsofaffi, bisa ga abin da 65,000 zuwa 130,000 ko tsakanin 50,000 da 80,000 masu zaman kansu suka mutu, sun yi yawa. Yawancin mutane sun mutu daga yunwa da cututtuka. Yawan mutuwar ya kasance mai girma daga ƙarshen 1946 zuwa farkon 1947, lokacin da aka rage yawan abincin da ya riga ya ragu. Abinci na abinci ga fursunoni bai bambanta sosai da abincin abinci a yankin mamayar Soviet gabaɗaya ba, amma an yanke fursunoni daga kasuwar baƙar fata.

## Manazarta