open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Jonathan Deal

**Jonathan Deal,** masanin muhalli ne na Afirka ta Kudu . An ba shi lambar yabo ta muhalli ta Goldman a shekarar 2013, musamman saboda ƙoƙarin da ya yi na kare yankin Karoo, inda ya jagoranci tawagar masana kimiyya wajen kawo illar muhalli na shirin yin amfani da iskar gas mai yuwuwa a yankin.      Jonathan Deal ya kafa Treasure Karoo Action Group a shekarar 2011 kuma ya ci gaba da riƙe muƙamin Shugaba. Ya sami gogewa a wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki ɗaya yana adawa da Royal Dutch Shell da Sashen Albarkatun Ma'adanai (2010 - yanzu) da nufin daƙile haƙar iskar gas (fracking) a Afirka ta Kudu. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ƙungiyar SAFE CITIZEN, ƙungiyar 'yancin walwala da ke mai da hankali kan tsaron 'yan ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu da ke fuskantar dagula ayyukan muggan laifuka a kullum. 

## Aiki
Ma'aikacin muhalli na Afirka ta Kudu Jonathan Deal. Ayyukan da ya yi na kare yankin Karoo da tara ƙwararrun masana don gabatar da illolin da aka tsara na haƙar iskar gas a yankin ya ba shi damar samun lambar yabo ta muhalli ta Goldman ta shekarar 2013.

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Yarjejeniyar Jonathan: 2013 Mai Kyautar Muhalli na Goldman, Afirka ta Kudu
Mutanen Sebei

**Sebei** ƙabila ce ta Kudancin Nilotic da ke zaune a gabashin Uganda. Suna jin Kupsabiny, yaren Kalenjin. Sapiiny sun mamaye gundumomi uku, wato Bukwo, Kween da Kapchorwa.

## Al'adu
Mutanen Sebei suna tafiyar da salon rayuwa mai sauƙi. Babban tsarin rayuwarsu ya ta'allaka ne akan kiwon shanu, noman amfanin gona, da yin giya. Ayyukan gama gari da Sebei ke yi sun haɗa da kiwon shanu da noma. Ayyukan sun dogara da inda kuke zama. Saboda daidaitattun al'adunsu, buƙatar babban tsarin zamantakewa yana da iyaka. Mutanen Sebei suna da kwanciyar hankali, akwai iyakacin laifukan laifuka da mutum zai iya yi. A cikin al'adar Sebei, akwai matakan laifi guda biyu. Babban matakin shine kisan kai da cin zarafi, matakin ƙasa shine na dukiya ko manyan rigingimu tsakanin mutane ko ƙungiyoyin mutane. 

## Wurare
Sebei suna rayuwa ne a kan gangaren Dutsen Elgon a gabashin Uganda.  Sun kai kimanin mutane 300,000 kuma sun mamaye fili mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 1,730.9 a gundumomin Bukwo, Kapchorwa da Kween. Yankin nasu yana da iyaka da Jamhuriyar Kenya wanda gida ne ga Kalenjin fiye da miliyan shida, babbar kabila ce da Sebei ta fito. Sebei ta yanzu aka fi sani da Sapiny, suna magana da  Kupsabiny, yaren Kalenjin da wasu ƙananan ƙungiyoyin Kalenjin ke magana a kusa da Dutsen Elgon. Ƙananan ƙungiyoyin Sebei da na Kenya (Littafi, Kony, Mosoop, Someek, Bongomek) waɗanda ke zaune a tsaunukan Dutsen Elgon ana kiransu da '*Sabaots*.       

Yawancin mutanen Sebei suna zaune a ƙasar Uganda. Kashi na al'ummar Uganda wato Sebei kashi 0.6 ne kawai; ma'ana akwai kusan Sebei 300,000 a Uganda.      

## Sanannun Sebei

* Joshua Cheptegei 2022 Gwarzon Duniya na 10000m.
* Jacob Kiplimo 2022 10000m ya lashe lambar tagulla.
* Oscar Chelimo 2022 5000m Duniya Bronze.
* Peruth Chemutai 2020 mai lambar zinare a gasar tseren mita 3000 na mata.
* Stephen Kiprotich 2012 Marathon Zinare na Zinare.
* Moses Ndiema Kipsiro 2007 World Athletics 5000m tagulla.
* Stella Chesang ta lashe lambar zinare ta Commonwealth a tseren mita 1000 na 2018.
* Boniface Toroitich Kiprop 2006 ya samu lambar zinare ta Commonwealth a tseren mita 10,000.
* Martin Toroitich dan tseren nesa na Uganda, ɗan'uwa matashi ga Boniface Toroitich Kiprop.
* Victor Kiplangat 2022 wanda ya ci lambar zinare ta Commonwealth a tseren marathon na maza.
* Benjamin Kiplagat dan tseren nesa na Uganda.
* Juliet Chekwel ' yar wasan tseren nesa ta Uganda.
* Esther Chebet ' yar tseren nesa ta Uganda.
* Rachael Zena Chebet ' yar tseren nesa ta Uganda.
* Mercyline Chelangat ' yar tseren nesa ta Uganda.
* Sarah Chelangat ' yar tseren nesa ta Uganda.
* Albert Chemutai dan tseren nesa na Uganda.
* Mai tsere mai nisa ɗan ƙasar Uganda Chemutai maras kyau.
* Felix Chemonges dan tseren nesa na Uganda.

## Manazarta
Lindy Rodwell

**Lindy Rodwell** (an haife ta a ranar 13, ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1962, a Johannesburg ), ƴar Afirka ta kudu ce masaniyar dabbobi ce kuma masaniyar kiyayewa. Ta yi aiki a kan Tanadin matsugunin dausayi da girman yawan jama'a ga cranes na ƙasar Afirka ta kudu da hamadar sahara, kogin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da kambi mai launin toka da kuma kogin da ke cikin hatsarin gaske.

## Aiki.

An bai wa Lindy Rodwell lambar yabo ta BSc ( Zoology ) da kuma Babbar Diploma a fannin Ilimi daga Jami'ar Cape Town. Daga baya ta zama mai kula da shirye-shiryen Afirka na ƙungiyar Crane Working Group of the Endangered Wildlife Trust.

Rodwell a halin yanzu mataimakiya ce ta amintattun namun daji da ke cikin haɗari da asusun namun daji na duniya. Ta kafa ƙungiyar Nature's Valley Trust (NVT), Ƙungiyar mai zaman kanta, tare da mijinta, James van Hasselt. NVT tana mai da hankali a kan batutuwan da suka shafi kiyayewa tare da Hanyar Lambu.

## Kyauta.

* Wanda ta lashe lambar yabo ta shekara ta1999, Whitley Gold 
* 2002, Whitley Cigaban Kyautar Kyauta.
* Kyautar Muhalli ta shekara ta 2002 a Kyautar Rolex don Kasuwanci.

## Manazarta.


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* https://web.archive.org/web/20031102102433/http://www.rolexawards.com/laureates/pdf/laureate0070.pdf
* https://web.archive.org/web/20070930202447/http://www.mg.co.za/articledirect.aspx?area=mg_flat&articleid=20992
Cape Town Ecology Group

Ƙungiya ta **Cape Town Ecology Group,** ƙungiya ce mai tsattsauran ra'ayi a Afirka ta Kudu, wacce aka kafa ta a cikin shekarar 1987, a matsayin "ɗan Koeberg Alert", kuma tana aiki har zuwa farkon shekarun1990s. Ta samar da aƙidar kore mai ra'ayin siyasa saɓanin ƙungiyoyin kiyaye wariyar launin fata na lokacin. A cewar wanda ya kafa Mike Cope: "Mun ji buƙatar duba al'amurran da suka shafi muhalli a matsayi mafi girma kuma mun fahimci alaƙar da ke tsakanin siyasa da muhalli. Ecology tabbas kan batu ne na siyasa domin al'amuran muhalli sun shafi inda muke rayuwa." 

Ta ɗauki nauyin taron farko na Afirka ta Kudu kan muhalli,  tare da reshen Western Cape na taron duniya kan addini da zaman lafiya da kuma kiran Musulunci a shekarar 1991. An gudanar da taron ƙasa kan muhalli da ci gaba a jami'ar Western Cape tare da wasu wakilai 231 daga ƙungiyoyi da dama sun tattauna kan alaƙar da ke tsakanin gurɓatar muhalli da yanayin siyasa a kudancin Afirka. Taron na kwanaki uku yana da nufin "Siyasa Ilimin Halitta, Siyasar Ecology" kuma an ɗauke shi a matsayin ci gaba a lokacinsa.

A cewar mai shirya taron, Phakamile Tshazibane: “A karon farko ƙungiyoyi irin su Congress of African Trade Unions (Cosatu), Majalisar Ƙungiyoyin Kasuwanci ta ƙasa (Nactu), Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) da kuma Majalisar Wakilan Afirka ta Kudu . ANC), ta sami matsaya guda game da batun muhalli."

## Waɗanda suka kafa

* Michael Cope (marubuci, anarchist kuma ɗan Jack Cope )
* Julia Martin (marubuciya, ilimi, memba mai aiki na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na tsawon shekaru bakwai)
* Karen Rolfes (matar taba)
* Henri Laurie (masanin lissafi)
* Donna Metzlar (mai gwagwarmaya)
* George Petros (mai fafutuka)

## Duba kuma

* Rayuwar Duniya ta Afirka
* Taron Duniya 2002
* Green motsi a Afirka ta Kudu
* Koeberg Alert

## Manazarta
Yankin Teso

**Yankin Teso** (wanda aka fi sani da **Teso District** ) yanki ne a yankin Gabas, a Uganda wanda ta ƙunshi:

* Gundumar Amuriya.
* Gundumar Bukedea.
* Kabramaido District.
* Gundumar Kabelebyong.
* Gundumar Katakwi.
* Gundumar Kumi.
* Gundumar Ngora.
* Gundumar Serere.
* Gundumar Soroti.

Yankin tana da faɗin kasa kilomita 13,030.6 kuma tana da kimanin mutane miliyan 2.5 na kabilar Iteso da Kumam. 

A siyasance, gundumar Pallisa ba ta cikin yankin Teso duk da cewa kabilun Iteso sun mamaye manyan sassan wannan gundumar.

## Manazarta
Somaliya Green Party

**Jam'iyyar Green Party ta Somalia** ( Somali   , **SGP** ) ita ce jam'iyyar kore ta Somaliya . An kafa ta a cikin shekarar 1990. Tana da mai da hankali kan muhalli . SGP memba ne na ƙungiyar Green Greens a cikin Tarayyar Green Party of Africa, wanda ya haɗa da jam'iyyun kore na ƙasa a sauran jahohin kahon Afirka na Djibouti, Eritrea da Habasha .

## hedkwatar
Ƙungiyar tana da hedikwatar ta a Mogadishu da Jilib a kudancin Somaliya. Har ila yau, ana shirin buɗe sabbin rassa na SGP a yankunan arewacin Puntland da Somaliland masu cin gashin kansu, da kuma yankin Kismayu da ke kudu. Bugu da ƙari, jam'iyyar tana da ofishinta na ƙasa da ƙasa da na sadarwa a ƙasashen Ottawa, Ontario, Kanada .

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* www.africagreenparty.20m.com
*  

## Manazarta
Masarautar Tooro

**Tooro** masarautar Bantu ce da ke tsakanin iyakokin Uganda.  Omukama na Toro na yanzu shine Sarki Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV.   Sarki Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV ya hau gadon sarautar masarautar Tooro a shekarar 1995 yana dan shekara uku kacal, bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa Omukama Patrick David Matthew Kaboyo Rwamuhokya Olimi III a ranar 26 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1995, yana da shekaru 50 a duniya.  

Mutanen da suka fito daga masarautar su ne Batooro, kuma ana kiran yarensu Rutooro, Bakonzo, Babwisi/Bamba.   Batoro da Banyoro suna magana da harsunan da ke da alaƙa, Rutoro da Runyoro, kuma suna da wasu halaye iri ɗaya iri ɗaya.  Batoro yana zaune ne a iyakar Uganda ta yamma, kudu da tafkin Albert. 

## Tarihi
Masarautar Tooro ta samo asali ne daga wani yanki na Bunyoro wani lokaci kafin karni na sha tara.  An kafa ta ne a shekara ta 1830 lokacin da Omukama Kaboyo Olimi I, babban dan Omukama na Bunyoro Nyamutukura Kyebambe III na Bunyoro, ya balle ya kafa masarauta mai cin gashin kansa.   An shiga cikin Bunyoro-Kitara a cikin shekarar 1876, ta sake tabbatar da 'yancin kai a shekarar 1891.

Kamar yadda yake a Buganda, Bunyoro, da Busoga, an soke sarautar Tooro a cikin shekarar 1967 ta Gwamnatin Uganda, amma an sake dawo da ita a cikin shekarar 1993. 

## Tasirin al'adu
Mai zanen Australiya Friedensreich Hundertwasser (1928 – 2000) ya shafe wani lokaci a can a cikin shekarar 1960s inda ya zana ayyuka da yawa kuma ya ba su sunan sarauta.       Mutanen Batooro suna da ƙaƙƙarfan al'ada amma kamanceceniya da Banyoro.  Suna da tsarin suna mai ƙarfi na al'adu (PET NAME) wanda aka sani da Empaako.     Tare da tsarin suna Empaako, ana ba yara ɗaya daga cikin sunaye goma sha biyu da aka raba a cikin al'ummomin ban da sunayensu da na dangi.   Yin magana da wani ta hanyar Empaako ko ita tabbataccen alaƙar al'adu ce. Ana iya amfani da ita azaman hanyar gaisuwa ko bayyana ƙauna, girmamawa, girmamawa ko ƙauna.   Amfani da Empaako na iya rage tashin hankali ko fushi da aika sako mai ƙarfi game da zamantakewa da haɗin kai, zaman lafiya da sulhu.   Sunayen Empaako sune: ***<small>AMOOTI, ABOOKI, AKIIKI, ATEENYI, ADYEERI, ATWOOKI, ABWOOLI, ARAALI, ACAALI, BBALA da OKAALI</small>***.         

## ''Abakama'' of Tooro
Ga jerin *Abakama* na Tooro tun 1800:

# Olimi 1: 1822-1865
# Ruhaga na Toro: 1865-1866
# Nyaika Kyebambe I: 1866–1871 da 1871–1872
# Rukidu 1: 1871
# Olimi II: 1872-1875
# Rukidi II: 1875-1875
# Rububi Kyebambe II: 1875 da 1877-1879
# Kakende Nyamuyonjo: 1875–1876 da 1879–1880
# Shekara: 1876-1877
## *Interregnum, ya koma Bunyoro*: 1880-1891
# Kyebambe III: 1891-1928
# Rukidi III: 1929-1965
# Olimi III: 1965-1967 da 1993-1995
## *a riya*: 1967-1993 (An soke sarauta)
# Rukidi IV: 1995 (sake dawo da sarauta)

## Manazarta
Tushen Afirka da Tarihin Afirka

***Tushen Afirka da Tarihin Afirka*** jerin littafi ne da Brill ya buga wanda ke da nufin samar da bugu mai mahimmanci na tushen labarun Afirka na asali daga yankin Saharar Afirka.  Shirin na nufin fadada hanyoyin da masana tarihi na Afirka ke da su, da kuma gyara son zuciya da kila an shigar da su a cikin rubuta tarihin Afirka ta hanyar dogaro da majiyoyin da Turawa suka rubuta.

Na farko a cikin jerin shi ne 2001 *Somono Bala na Upper Niger*, wani almara na masu kamun kifi, wanda aka fassara zuwa Turanci daga harshen Maninka a karon farko.

## Take a jere

* Almara na Sumanguru Kante
* Les mémoires de Maalaŋ Galisa sur le royaume confédéré du Kaabu
* Jagorar (Uwongozi) na Sheikh al-Amin Mazrui: Zaɓuɓɓuka daga Jaridar Musulunci ta Swahili ta Farko.
* Buga Al'adu da Littafin Yarbawa Na Farko
* Sukuma Labour Songs from Western Tanzania
* Rubuce-rubuce ga Kenya
* Tarikh Mandinka de Bijini (Guinée-Bissau)
* Entretien avec Bala Kanté
* *Hotunan Alkalami na 'Yan Afirka na Zamani da Shahararrun Afirka* na Charles Francis Hutchison
* Bayin Sharia
* Djinns, Taurari da Warriors
* Bayar da Labarun Mu
* Les Rois des Tambors ko Haayre
* Marita: ko Wautar Soyayya
* Somono Bala na jamhuriyar Nijar

## Manazarta
Umueshi

**Umueshi** al'umma ce a ƙaramar hukumar Ideato ta kudu a jihar Imo a Najeriya. Al’ummar ta ƙunshi ƙauyuka 15 da suka haɗa da: Okorobi, Umuezeanuwai, Umunwangwu, Umuanajughi, Ukabi, Umuokwara, Umudieshi, Okoroikpa, Umuduruaku, Umudire, da Obinugwu.

## Muhalli
Gidan ne na aikin Umueshi Gully Erosion interventio na Bankin Duniya.

## Al'adu
Al'ummar Umueshi Kiristoci ne. Manyan ɗarikokin biyu sune Katolika da Anglican. Mazaunan ƙasar suna jin harshen Igbo da Ingilishi.

## Tattalin Arziki
Babban sana'o'in mazauna garin shine, noma da kasuwanci.

Albarkatun kasa sun haɗa da dabino, farin yashi, bishiyar gora da dai sauransu.

## Al'adu
Mutanen Umueshi suna kula da maƙwabtansu: Ntueke, Amanator, Ogboko, Obiohia, Isiekenesi, Dikenafai, Umuobom, Ugbelle, Umuma-isiaku, Umuchima da Urulla.

## Geography
Sauran ƙauyukan Umueshi sune Umuokwaraire, Umuawa, Umuokohia Umuokaranadike, Okabi, Umuelee, Agwa, da Umuegbu.

Umuawa ƙauye ne a cikin dangin Umunagankpa na Umueshi mai cin gashin kansa na Ideato a cikin jihar Imo.

Ideato South ta fuskanci matsalolin zaizayar ƙasa. Shirin shiga tsakani yana da goyon bayan bankin duniya. Aikin Umueshi Gully Erosion intervention, ya haɗa da Amanato da Ntueke a matsayin maƙwabta (masu ba da gudummawar ruwa). 

## Tattalin Arziki
Manyan sana’o’in garin kuwa su ne noma da kasuwanci.

## Manazarta
Umunumo

**Umunumo** ( Igbo **Umu Numo**  ) wani gari ne dake cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ehime Mbano a jihar Imo a Najeriya. Umunumo ya ƙunshi manyan yankuna biyu: Ibeafor da Ibenkwo. Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan yankuna ya ƙunshi ƙauyuka biyar a jimlace guda goma a Umunumo. Ƙauyukan su ne Umuofeke, Umunagbala, Umuwosha, Umuokpara da Umuchima a cikin Ibeafor da Duru Na Okiri, Ofor Owerre Ofor Ama, Umuanunu, Eze Na Obom da Umuaro a cikin Ibenkwo. 

## Manazarta
Africana (artifacts)

**Africana** kayan aiki ne kamar littattafai, takardu, kayan tarihi, ayyukan fasaha ko adabi na kowace al'ummomin Afirka waɗanda ke yin tunani game da ci gaban ƙasa, tarihi, ko al'adun Afirka. 

Ko da yake yana iya haɗawa da abubuwan da suka shafi kowane yanki a Afirka, yawanci ana mai da hankali kan tarihin Kudancin Afirka. 

## Sanannen tarin Africana

* Brenthurst Library
* MuseuMAfrica
* Duggan-Cronin Gallery

## Manazarta

## Bibliography
 
Ensiklopedie van die wêreld, deel 1.Stellenbosch: Albertyn, 1992. 
Godfrey, Denis (September 1973). "Collecting Africana". Lantern. 23 (1). 
Schumann, Annie (September 1968). "J.C.N. Humphreys – Africana collector of distinction". Lantern. 18 (1).
Smith, Anna (September 1953). "The Africana Museum Johannesburg". Lantern . 3 (2).
Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa , part 1. Cape Town: Nasou, 1970.
Wagener, F.J. (April 1957). "Africana". Lantern. 6(4).
Umuofa

**Umuofa** ƙauye ne a jihar Imo, kudu maso gabashin Najeriya. Ƙauyen na kusa da birnin Owerri.

## Manazarta
Umuoke

**Umuokeh** ko **Umuoke** ƙauye ne da ke cikin ƙaramar hukumar Obowo, jihar Imo, Najeriya.

Hamlets na ƙauyen Umuoke sun haɗa da: Ogbaedere, Umueba, Umu-oyiocha, Umueze, Umunam, Umuezariam, Umueba da dai sauransu. Mutanen suna da karimci sosai kuma akwai  yanayi mai kyautuddai da koguna. Christ the King Catholic Church sanannen wuri ne don yawon ɓude ido. Tsohon cocin mishan ne tun daga shekarar 1940. Wannan cocin yana kusa da iyaka tsakanin Umuokeh da Umulogho.

Umuahia, babban birnin jihar Abia, kilomita biyar ne kawai daga Umuokeh zuwa birnin.

## Manazarta
John Mabuku

**John Mabuku,** (ya mutu 13 ga watan Yuli, 2008). shi ne gwamnan yankin Caprivi a Namibiya kuma mai goyon bayan ɓallewar yankin Caprivi mai cin gashin kansa. Mabuku, wanda tsohon memba ne na Democratic Turnhalle Alliance National Council, ya gudu zuwa gudun hijira a Botswana tare da tsohon shugaban DTA Mishake Muyongo sakamakon rashin nasarar tawayen ƴan Arewa a shekara ta 1998, a yankin Caprivi da gwamnatin Namibiya.

Mabuku ya ci gaba da dai-dai-ta ayyukan DTA daga sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Kagisong a Botswana kuma ya ci gaba da tallafawa shugaban DTA Mishake Muyongo, wanda ke gudun hijira a Denmark. Ya rasu a gudun hijira a Botswana a ranar 13 ga watan Yuli 2008, bayan ya yi fama da rashin lafiya. 

## Duba kuma

* Caprivi rikici
* Caprivi na cin amanar kasa

## Manazarta
Mabvuku High School

**Makarantar Sakandare ta Mabvuku** babbar makaranta ce a yankin Mabvuku na Harare, Zimbabwe.

Makarantar tana da haɗin kai ga kowane nau'i har zuwa matakin A. An buɗe ta a cikin shekara ta 1975, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantu uku a Mabvuku waɗanda ke ba da matakin A. Makarantar sakandare ta Mabvuku ta gabatar da matakin A cikin 1988. Shugaban makarantar na yanzu shine Mr Mbirimi da mataimakin Mr S Marangwanda. Makarantar kuma tana ɗaukar karatun yamma.

Makarantar sakandaren Mabvuku kuma an santa da ƙungiyar rawa da kiɗan A matakin da ake kira Vabvuwi, da aka sakawa sunan shahararriyar ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Methodist Church Vabvuwi. Makarantar tana gudanar da taron shekara-shekara da ake kira, Arts Night, tare da wasan kwaikwayo na raye-raye, marimba, rawa da wasan kwaikwayo. Dan wasa Marshal Muneti, wanda a halin yanzu yake buga gasar Faransa, ya halarci makarantar.

## Manazarta
http://www.adeanet.org/adeaPortal/adea/programs/pstr99/pstr99_zimbabwe2.pdf | format = pdf | accessdate = 2009-04-24 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110721031319/http://www.adeanet.org/adeaPortal/adea/programs/pstr99/pstr99_zimbabwe2.pdf | archive-date = 21 July 2011
Mabvuku

**Mabvuku** yanki ne da ke gabas da Harare babban birnin ƙasar Zimbabwe.

## Tarihi
A shekara ta 2005, shirin atasayen, Operation Murambatsvina ya lalata gidaje marasa galihu a Mabvuku da sauran yankunan Harare kamar Budiriro da Mbare da kuma Chitungwiza na kusa. A tsakiyar shekarun 2010, adadin mutanen da ke zaune a matsugunan da ba na yau da kullun ba sun sake ƙaruwa. Wani sabon mazauni a Mabvuku ana kiransa Bob.

A cikin 2021, shirin Tsabtace birni ya kawo tsaftataccen ruwan sha mai araha ga mazauy Mabvuku.  Hakan ya biyo bayan rahotannin da aka samu a shekarar da ta gabata cewa masu samar da ruwa na kai ruwa zuwa yankin ne kawai idan mata sun amince su yi lalata da su.  Mazauna da yawa sun yi shekaru 30 ba tare da ruwan famfo ba.

### Tasirin koma bayan tattalin arziki
Garuruwan Mabvuku-Tafara sun fuskanci tabarbarewar tattalin arziki wanda hakan ya kawo cikas ga ayyukan da majalisar birnin Harare ke da shi na samar da ayyukan yi ga waɗannan garuruwan da ke kusa. Mazauna garin sun sha wahala ta hanyar ruwan sha da katsewar wutar lantarki, wanda aka yarda da cewa shine mafi muni a duk faɗin birnin na Harare. An samu rahoton ɓullar cutar kwalara, wadda ake zargi da katsewar ruwan da aka yi a fadin yankin Mabvuku-Tafara.

## Yanayi




## Fitattun mutane daga garin

* Wilfred Mugeyi
* William Mugeyi

## Duba kuma

* Epworth

## Manazarta
Sidibé Aminata Diallo

**Sidibé Aminata Diallo,** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1950) mai ilimi ce kuma ƴar siyasa ce sannan ƴar ƙasar Mali ce .  Sidibe Aminata Diallo farfesa ce a fannin tsara gari a Jami'ar Bamako kuma ta taɓa yi wa UNESCO aiki. 

## Ilimin ilimi
Diallo ta sami digiri na uku a fannin haɓakawa da karatun birni daga Jami'ar Toulouse a shekarar 1984.  Ita kuma mamba ce a tsangayar Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki da Gudanarwa a Jami'ar Bamako, inda ta ƙware a fannin sarrafa filaye. 

## Siyasa
A ranar 12 ga watan Maris din shekarar 2007, Diallo ta ayyana matsayinta na tsayawa takarar shugaban ƙasa .   Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƴan takara 8 da suka fafata a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na watan Afrilun 2007 . Har ila yau, ita ce mace ta farko da ta kasance ƴar takarar shugaban ƙasa a Mali, kuma ta kasance 'yar takarar ' Movement for Environmental Education and Sustainable Development '. Babbar sha'awarta shi ne ɗorewa da kare muhalli.  Diallo ta samu ƙuri'u sama da 12,000 a zaɓen, kashi 0.55% na yawan kuri'u. 

Bayan zaɓen, an naɗa Diallo a matsayin Ministan Ilimi ta Farko, Karatu, da Harsuna na Ƙasa a ranar 3 ga watan Oktoban 2007.  Ta riƙe wannan muƙamin har sai da Salikou Sanogo ya maye gurbinsa a ranar 9 ga watan Afrilun 2009. 

## Manazarta
Jam'iyyar Democratic Green Party ta Rwanda

Jam'iyyar **Democratic Green Party ta Rwanda** (DGPR;    , PVDR; Kinyarwanda   , IRDKI) jam'iyyar siyasa ce mai launin kore a ƙasar Ruwanda, wacce aka kafa a cikin shekarar 2009. An yi wa jam’iyyar rajista a cikin watan Agustan 2013, amma ta makara don tsayawa takara a zaɓen ‘yan majalisa na shekarar 2013 . Dandalin ta yana jaddada haɗin kai, rashin tashin hankali, adalci na zamantakewa, dimokuradiyya mai shiga tsakani, da kuma kira ga tallafin farashin kayan amfanin gona. Ta yi imanin cewa haƙƙoƙin da ba za a iya tauyewa ba na mutane sun haɗa da "'yancin rayuwa, 'yancin taro na lumana, bayyana ra'ayi, ibada da neman farin ciki", kuma waɗannan haƙƙoƙin Allah ne ya ba su. 

## Tarihi
An kafa jam'iyyar ne a ranar 14 ga watan Agustan 2009, kuma ta yi burin tsayawa takara a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2010 . Duk da haka, an hana ta yin rajista.   An gano mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar, André Kagwa Rwisereka, an fille kansa a lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe.   Shugabannin jam'iyyar Green Party a Amurka sun yi kira ga gwamnatin Obama da ta goyi bayan binciken kisan nasa da kuma zargin cewa yana da alaƙa da siyasa. Shugaba Paul Kagame da jam'iyyarsa mai mulki Rwanda Patriotic Front (RFP) na da alaƙa ta kut da kut da Amurka. 

A ƙarshe aka yi wa jam’iyyar rajista a cikin watan Agustan 2013, amma kuma ya makara don tsayawa takara a zaɓen ‘yan majalisa na shekarar 2013 . 

A ranar 17 ga watan Disambar 2016, an zaɓi Frank Habineza a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar kuma mai riƙe da tuta don zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 2017 . Ta yin hakan ne jam’iyyar ta yi watsi da barazanar da ta yi a baya na ƙauracewa zaɓen bayan da gwamnati ta yi watsi da buƙatunta na sake fasalin zaɓe.   Habineza ta ci gaba da zama na uku a cikin 'yan takara uku da kashi 0.5% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. Sai dai a zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki a shekara mai zuwa jam'iyyar ta shiga majalisar ne bayan da ta samu kujeru biyu.

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

*
Geology

**Geology** Ana kiranshi da ilimin kasa sannan kuma wani reshe ne na kimiyya dindindin wato **Nature** da ke da alaka da duniya da sauran abubuwa na ilmin taurari, duwatsu da aka hada su, da kuma tsarin yadda suke canzawa har na tsawon lokaci. Ilimin kasa na zamani ya mamaye duk sauran kimiyoyin Duniya, gami da ilimin ruwa. An haɗa shi da kimiyyar tsarin duniya da kimiyyar taurari.

Geology yana bayyana taswirar/tsarin duniya, samanta, ƙarƙashinta, da kuma hanyoyin da suka tsara wannan tsarin. Masana ilimin kasa suna nazarin abubuwan da ke tattare da ma'adanai na duwatsu don samun haske game da tarihin samuwar su. Geology yana ƙayyade shekarun  duwatsu da ake samu a wurare;  shi kuma geochemistry (wani reshe na ilimin geology) da yake  ƙayyade ainahin  shekarun duwatsu., masana ilimin ƙasa suna iya yin tarihin tarihin ƙasa na duniya gaba ɗaya. Abu daya shine nuna shekarun Duniya. Geology yana ba da shaida don tectonics farantin karfe, tarihin juyin halitta na rayuwa, da yanayin duniyar da ta gabata.

## Manazarta
Budiriro

**Budiriro** babban yanki ne mai yawan jama'a a yankin kudu maso yammacin birnin Harare a kasar Zimbabwe. Akwai gidaje kusan 30,000 amma ɗakunan shan magani biyu kacal ne da makarantun firamare ƙwarya biyar. 

Budiriro wurin aikin gina gidaje ne na masu ƙaramin karfi tare da kusan gidaje 2,000 da aka sayar a watan Afrilun 2018. 

A cikin 2008, Budiriro ya kasance yanki mafi yawan adadin na ɓarkewar cutar kwalara. wanda ya kai kashi 50% na adadin da aka ruwaito a Zimbabwe. Wata cuta da aka fi sani da Budiriro ita ce taifot.

A ƙarshen 2016, yawancin yankunan da ke kusa da suambaliyar ruwa ta shafe su.

## Manazarta
Makoma Lekalakala

**Makoma Lekalakala,** ƴar gwagwarmayar Afirka ta Kudu ce wadda ita ce darektan reshen Johannesburg ta Rayuwar Duniya ta Afirka .   Tare da Liz McDaid, an ba ta lambar yabo ta muhalli ta shekarar 2018 na Goldman don yankin Afirka saboda aikinsu na amfani da kotuna don dakatar da yarjejeniyar nukiliyar Rasha da Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2017. 

## Rayuwar farko
Lekalakala ta girma a Soweto, Afirka ta Kudu . Tana da ƴan’uwa biyar, kuma mahaifiyarta ta rene ta bayan mahaifinta ya rasu a shekarar 1976. Ta ƙara fahimtar al'amuran zamantakewa da rashin adalci yayin da ta ga mahaifiyarta tana kokawa don sanya abinci a kan tebur kuma al'ummarta sun hana wutar lantarki daga tashar wutar lantarki na gida saboda halin wariyar launin fata .

## Aiki
A cikin shekarar 1983, Lekalakala ta sami gogewa a cikin tsarin al'umma a matsayin mai kula da shago na Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci da Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata . Ta shiga Afirka ta Duniya a cikin shekarar 2007 kuma ta fara haɓaka dandalin mata don shiga tattaunawar jama'a game da batun makamashi da sauyin yanayi.

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 2014, gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta cimma yarjejeniya ta sirri da ƙasar Rasha, na gina tashoshin samar da makamashin nukiliya guda takwas zuwa goma a faɗin ƙasar, inda za su samar da gigawatts 9.6 na makamashin nukiliya . Yarjejeniyar sirrin ta zo ga hankalin rayuwar Duniyar Afirka a cikin wannan shekarar. Bayan gano abubuwan da yarjejeniyar ta shafi kuɗi da muhalli, Lekalakala da McDaid, tare da abokan aikinsu, sun tsara dabarun adawa da yarjejeniyar. SAFCI ta kasance tana ba da shawarar samar da makamashin da za a iya sabuntawa don yaƙar sauyin yanayi kuma tuni ta ɗauki mataki kan masana'antar nukiliya ta ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu. A tare, matan biyu sun fito da wani shiri na ƙalubalantar aikin, ciki har da shi kansa shugaba Zuma, bisa hujjar cewa yarjejeniyar sirri ce, kuma sun bi ƙa’idojin shari’a ba tare da tuntuɓar jama’a ko muhawarar ‘yan majalisa ba. Lekalakala da McDaid sun damu musamman game da muhalli da illolin kiwon lafiya na haɓaka haƙar uranium, samar da makamashin nukiliya, da samar da sharar nukiliya. Sun yi magana da al'ummomi a duk faɗin ƙasar tare da bayyana haɗarin kuɗi na aikin da illar muhalli da lafiyar ɗan Adam. Har ila yau, Lekalakala da McDaid sun gudanar da jerin gwano don nuna adawa da shirin nukiliyar, inda suka yi zanga-zanga a dukkanin faɗin ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu. A ranar 26 ga watan Afrilun 2017, Kotun Ƙoli ta Yammacin Cape ta ayyana yarjejeniyar nukiliyar da ta sabawa kundin tsarin mulki, inda ta soke yarjejeniyar tare da kawo ƙarshen aikin samar da makamashin nukiliya na dala biliyan 76. Nasarar shari'a ta Lekalakala da McDaid babbar nasara ce wacce ta kare Afirka ta Kudu daga mummunan ci gaban abubuwan more rayuwa na nukiliya, wanda da zai haifar da dawwamammen sakamako na muhalli, lafiya, da kuɗi ga al'ummomi masu zuwa nan gaba.

## Kyauta

* Kyautar Muhalli ta Goldman a shekarar2018 
* Kyautar Zinare ta shekarar 2021 Eco-Warrior Afirka ta Kudu

## Manazarta
Ruwa (gari)

**Ruwa,** wani gari ne a lardin .Mashonaland ta Gabas, Zimbabwe, mai tazarar kilomita 22 daga kudu maso gabas da Harare babban birnin ƙasar Zimbabwe a kan babbar hanyar Harare zuwa, Mutare da layin dogo.

## Dubawa
Garin na aiki a matsayin ƙaramar cibiyar gudanarwa da kasuwanci na kewayen yankin noma. A cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan garin ya bunƙasa cikin sauri kuma ya zama yanki mai farin jini ga mutanen da ke ƙaura daga birnin Harare.

Cibiyar Gyaran garin Ruwa da ke wajen garin an kafa ta ne a shekarar 1981 domin farfado da naƙasassu tsoffin mayakan.

Wurin shaƙatawa na garin, Scout Park wanda ya karɓi baƙuncin Jamboree ta Tsakiyar Afirka a 1959 yana nan kusa.

Garin Ruwa ya faɗa cikin mazaɓar Seke kuma a zaben 2005 na majalisar wakilai ya zabi Phineas Chihota da kuri'u sama da 6000.

## Ganin UFO
A cikin 1994, an ba da rahoton cewa makarantar Ariel da ke gsrin ta kasance wurin da aka ga wata ƙasa ta UFO. Wasu daga cikin ɗalibai kusan 60 da abin ya faru kuma sun ba da rahoton cewa wani “bakon halitta” ya yi magana da su. A cewar daliban, da John E. Mack ya yi hira da su a rukuni, an gargade su da su kula da yanayin. 

## Manazarta
Ƙungiyar Matasan tafiyar da muhalli ta Ghana

**Ƙungiyar Matasan Tafiyar da Harkokin Muhalli ta Ghana** (GYEM), ƙungiya ce ta muhalli da matasa ke jagoranta, a ƙasar Ghana wanda aka kafa ta a shekarar 2012, ta gungun matasa masu fafutuka ƙarƙashin jagorancin Gideon Commey, wanda ke baiwa matasa damar shiga cikin yanayi mai ɗorewa da magance matsalolin yanayi ta hanyar yaƙin neman zaɓe da ayyukan al'umma.   

Tsakanin shekarar 2018 da 2019, GYEM ya ƙaddamar da Shift Power, taron koli wanda ya kira matasa don tattauna batutuwa masu mahimmanci da suka shafi sarrafa sharar gida, tsaftacewa, gurɓataccen filastik, sauyin yanayi da makamashi mai sabuntawa . GYEM ta taka rawar gani a yaƙin adawa da shigar da masana'antar wutar lantarki a Ghana sannan kuma ta jagoranci yaƙin haƙar kwal a shekarar 2016. 

## Ƙaddamarwa
A cikin watan Oktoba 2020, GYEM ta kafa aikin kiosk na ruwa mai taken Kyensu&nbsp;Kiosk Manufar ita ce samar da a&nbsp;Al'umma masu karamin ƙarfi a gundumar Ga West Municipal tare da ruwan sha. Wannan al'umma ta fuskanci ƙalubale wajen samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha.

## Yakin neman zabe
A cikin shekarar 2018, motsin ya gudanar da Babban Taron Muhalli na Canjin Wuta don bikin Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya na shekarar 2018 a Accra . Taron ya tara matasa da masu ruwa da tsaki domin fara tattaunawa da daukar mataki kan al'amuran gurbatar ruwa a Ghana.  A cikin watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2019, ƙungiyar ta jagoranci ƙungiyoyin matasa da ƙungiyoyin farar hula a wani kamfe na neman gwamnatocin kasashen Afirka da su ɗauki mataki kan sauyin yanayi.

## Manazarta
Mazingira Green Party na Kenya

**Mazingira Green Party na Kenya,** jam'iyyar kore ce ta kasar Kenya. A da an san ta da **Jam'iyyar Liberal Party of Kenya** ( **LPK** ).  A babban zaɓen Kenya na shekarar alif 1997 LPK ta tsayar da ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa, Wangari Maathai, wanda daga baya ya zama wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya . Maathai ƙaramin ɗan takara ne kawai. Ba ta lashe kujerar majalisa ba. A shekara ta 2002, an gudanar da babban zaɓe na gaba kuma jam'iyyar da Maathai ke jagoranta na cikin ƙungiyar NARC mai nasara. Maathai da kanta ta lashe kujerar majalisar dokokin mazaɓar Tetu . 

A babban zaɓen ƙasar Kenya, 2007, Mazingira na cikin sabuwar jam'iyyar haɗin kan ƙasa ƙarƙashin jagorancin shugaba Mwai Kibaki .   Sai dai kuma Mazingira ya fitar da nasa ƴan takara. Mazingira ya lashe kujerar majalisa ɗaya a zaɓen, bayan da Silas Muriuki ya doke ɗan takarar jam'iyyar PNU David Mwiraria inda ya lashe kujerar majalisar wakilai ta mazaɓar North Imenti .  An fara kada Maathai a zaɓen fidda gwani na PNU don haka ya yi takara a kan tikitin Mazingira, amma a zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki ya sake shan kaye a hannun ɗan takarar PNU.

## Kalmomi
Kalmar *Mazingira* ita ce Swahili don *muhalli* .

## Duba kuma

* Motsin kiyayewa
* Motsi na muhalli
* Jerin kungiyoyin muhalli
* Dorewa
* Ci gaba mai dorewa

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* MGPK
Mamaya na Biyu na Mulkin Mallaka

**Mamaya na biyu na mulkin mallaka**, kalma ce da masana tarihi Anthony Low da John Lonsdale suka tsara don bayyana yanayin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara bayan yakin duniya na biyu. An samo asalita ne a cikin wani bincike kan Gabashin Afirka a cikin kundin edita *Tarihin Gabashin Afirka* (1976), tun lokacin da sauran masana tarihi suka yi amfani da kalmar a matsayin nau'i na lokaci-lokaci a cikin sauran abubuwan tarihi, kodayake a cikin tarihin Afirka.

## Ra'ayi
A cewar Anthony Low da John Lonsdale, "**mallakar mulkin mallaka na biyu**" ya wakilci wani lokaci na musamman a mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya wanda ya fara bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ya gudana kusan daga 1945 zuwa 1963, wanda ya biyo bayan "mallaka" na farko da ya yi hasara bayan zamanin na New Imperialism.  An fara yin wannan gardama ne a wata kasida mai suna "Gabashin Afirka: Zuwa Sabuwar Umarni, 1945-1963", wanda aka buga a cikin juzu'i na uku na *Tarihin Gabashin Afirka* (1976). Low da Lonsdale sun rubuta:

A cewar Low and Lonsdate, "mamayar mulkin mallaka" na farko ya faru ne a lokacin mulkin mallaka a zamanin New Imperialism wanda ya kafa da'awar ikon mallaka na mulkin mallaka a kan mamayar yanki mai inganci kafin yakin duniya na daya. Sakamakon karancin kasafin kudi da kuma babban mawuyacin hali, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta kara dogaro da saukin hako albarkatun kasa da kuma mulkin kai tsaye. Wannan yana nufin cewa za a iya rage adadin masu gudanarwa, ma'aikata, da jami'ai na Turai.

Daular Biritaniya ta tara manyan basussukan dala-dala ga Amurka a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. Don haka, ya zama dole a rage shigo da kudaden waje kuma an yi imanin cewa amfanin gona na mulkin mallaka zai iya maye gurbin kayayyakin da aka samu a baya. Wannan zai ƙunshi sake fasalin tattalin arzikin Afirka "domin moriyar masu amfani da Burtaniya", tsari wanda zai buƙaci ƙarin saka hannun jari ta fuskar ma'aikata da saka hannun jari.  Yawancin ƙwararrun  Turai, irin su masana aikin gona da masana ilimin ɗan adam, an ɗauke su don inganta ayyukan noma na Afirka kuma gwamnati ta saka hannun jari a manyan ayyukan tattalin arziki da aka tsara a tsakiya kamar tsarin gyada na Tanganyika (1947-52). Wannan ya haifar da tsoma bakin da ba a taba yin irinsa ba a cikin rayuwar al’ummar ‘yan mulkin mallaka, musamman ma manoma, wanda ya taimaka wajen haifar da bullar mashahuran kishin kasa na ‘yan mulkin mallaka na Afirka.

Yunkurin zuwa "ci gaba" ko "amincewa" a cikin manufofin mulkin mallaka galibi ana bin sa ne zuwa ga Dokar Ci gaban Mulki da Jin Dadin Mulki na 1940 ko manufofin lokacin yaƙi wanda Yarjejeniya ta Atlantika ta misalta.  An yi iƙirarin cewa akwai ci gaba tsakanin ɗabi'ar mulkin mallaka na biyu da mayar da hankali ga ci gaban tattalin arziki bayan mulkin mallaka. 

## Manazarta
SANCCOB

**Gidauniyar Kudancin Afirka don Kare Tsuntsayen Teku (SANCCOB),** ƙungiya ce ta duniya da aka keɓe don gyaran tsuntsayen teku. Ƙungiyar kawai na gyaran tsuntsayen teku da aka yi rajista tare da Majalisar Kula da dabbobi ta Afirka ta Kudu, cibiyar ba da riba ta dogara ne a Rievlei Wetland Reserve a cikin Table View, Afirka ta Kudu .

SANCCOB tana kiyayewa tare da kare tsuntsayen teku na Afirka ta Kudu, musamman nau'in da ake yi wa barazana, don amfanin al'ummomin yanzu da nan gaba.

An kafa ƙungiyar ne a cikin watan Nuwambar 1968 don mayar da martani ga karuwar mai na penguin a bakin tekun Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ke da alaƙa da zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa mafi girma bayan rufe mashigar ruwa ta Suez bayan yakin kwanaki shida .  Ana shigar da shi tsakanin tsuntsaye 200 zuwa 2,000 a kowace shekara a lokacin 1969-1993, kusan dukkanin su penguins ne na Afirka . Tun daga shekarar 1983, SANCCOB ta sarrafa fiye da mai 35,000 na penguins. Mafi yawan waɗannan penguins an mai da su a cikin *Tekun Apollo* (1994) da kuma zubar da  (2000). Kamar yadda taron na baya ya kuma buƙaci yin taka-tsan-tsan da kwashe tsuntsaye 19,500 da ba su da mai, kusan kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na al'ummar duniya ne a wancan lokacin. Daga shekarar 1990 zuwa ta 2005, ana shigar da matsakaitan penguin mai mai 750 a duk shekara daga abubuwan da suka shafi mai ban da waɗannan zubewar biyu. Gabaɗaya, SANCCOB tana kula da tsuntsaye sama da guda 85,000 tun a lokacin da aka kafa ta.

Wani atisaye da jami’ar Cape Town ta Percy FitzPatrick Cibiyar Nazarin Ornithology ta Jami’ar Cape Town ta yi, ya nuna cewa, gyaran gyare-gyaren penguin na Afirka da aka samu ya sa yawan al’umma a halin yanzu ya zarce kashi 19 cikin 100 fiye da yadda za a yi idan ba a yi ƙoƙarin gyara SANCCOB ba. 

## Ayyuka

* Gyaran tsuntsayen teku marasa lafiya, masu rauni, masu mai, da marayu.
* Gudanar da gyaran tsuntsayen teku a lokacin babbar malalar mai,
* Tada wayar da kan jama'a game da kiyayewa ta hanyar ilimin muhalli,
* Haɗa kan ayyukan bincike.

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
* Dyan deNapoli: The great penguin rescue, a TED talk by Dyan deNapoli

## Manazarta
Jam'iyyar Green Party ta Masar

**Jam'iyyar Green Party ta Masar,** ( *Hizb Al-khodr* ) jam'iyyar siyasa ce ta Green a ƙasar Masar. Jam'iyyar tana matsa lamba don kariya da haɓaka tsarin muhalli da ingantaccen amfani da albarkatu. Har ila yau, ta yi kira da a samar da hanyoyin magance matsalolin talauci, rashin ci gaba, da ƙalubalantar illolin tsarin duniya da jari hujja.

## Tarihi
Tsohon jami'in diflomasiyya Hassan Ragab ne ya kafa ta a shekarar 1990, ya samu tsaiko a shekarar 1995, kuma an sake farfaɗo da ita a shekarar 1998. A zaɓen jam'iyyar cikin gida a shekara ta 2000 an zaɓi Dr. Abdel Munem Ali Ali Al Aasar a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Green Party.  Daga baya aka naɗa shi Majalisar Shura (majalisar dattawa ta Masar).  Duk da haka, ayyukan siyasa sun ƙara tsananta a cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na gwamnatin Mubarak kuma jam'iyyar ta kasance ba ta da tasiri. 

An samu farfaɗowarta a bayan rikicin Larabawa a shekarar 2011, kuma jam'iyyar ta tsayar da 'yan takara a zaɓen 2012 . A halin yanzu dai jam'iyyar mamba ce ta Global Greens da Greens na Afirka.

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Yanar Gizo na hukuma
René Ngongo

**René Ngongo** (an haife shi a watan Oktoban 1961 a Goma, Jamhuriyar Kongo ) masanin ilimin halitta ɗan Kwango ne, masanin muhalli kuma ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa. Ngongo ya kammala karatunsa na farko a Jami’ar Kisangani da digirin farko a fannin Biology a shekarar 1987. A cikin shekarar 1994, ya ƙirƙiro wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta OCEAN (Organisation Concertée des Ecologistes et Amis de la Nature) don kare albarkatun ƙasa na DRC.

A cikin shekarar 2009, René Ngongo ya sami lambar yabo ta 'yancin Rayuwar Rayuwa "saboda jajircewarsa wajen fuskantar sojojin da ke lalata dazuzzukan Kongo da kuma samar da goyon bayan siyasa don kiyayewa da amfaninsu mai ɗorewa"

## Duba kuma

* Namun daji na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Tarihin René Ngongo ta hanyar Rayuwa mai Dama
André Kagwa Rwisereka

**André Kagwa Rwisereka,** (31 Disamba 1949 - 13 Yuli 2010) mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar Democratic Green Party of Rwanda, jam'iyyar siyasa da aka kafa a cikin watan Agustan 2009 a Rwanda. An same shi an kashe shi kuma an fille kansa a wani yanki a kusa da wani dausayi a Butare a ranar 14 ga watan Yulin 2010.   Shugaban jam'iyyar Frank Habineza na daga cikin jiga-jigan 'yan adawa da suka yi kira da a gudanar da bincike mai zaman kansa na ƙasa da ƙasa kan kisan, wanda mai yiwuwa ya kasance yana da nasaba da siyasa. 

An haifi Rwisereka a ranar 31 ga watan Disambar 1949 a Rusenge, Nyaruguru, Lardin Kudancin Ruwanda. A farkon shekarun 1960 ya tafi gudun hijirar siyasa a Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango, inda ya kasance babban mamba a ƙungiyar kishin ƙasa ta Ruwanda a lokacin gwagwarmayar 'yantar da Ruwanda. Bayan ya koma Rwanda ya zama fitaccen ɗan kasuwa a Butare . Ya kasance memba mai kafa jam'iyyar Democratic Green Party na Rwanda a ranar 14 ga watan Agustan 2009. 

## Duba kuma
Wasu masu adawa da gwamnatin Rwanda da aka kashe tsakanin shekarar 2010 da 2012:

* Charles Ingabire (dan siyasa)
* Jean-Léonard Rugambage (dan jarida)
* Théogene Turatsinze (dan kasuwa)

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Kula da Afirka

**Cibiyar Kare Afirka,** (ACC) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke Kenya . An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1995. A cikin shekarar 2007, Ta sami tallafin dalar Amurka 200,000 daga Gidauniyar Ford. Ayyukansu sun mayar da hankali ne a kan haɓaka iya aiki "don kiyaye namun daji ta hanyar ingantacciyar kimiyya, shirye-shiryen gida da kyakkyawan shugabanci ." http://www.conservationafrica.org/index.htm  Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukansa, Shompole Group Ranch ." https://web.archive.org/web/20180425032015/http://www.africanlatitude.com/loisiijolodgeshompole.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1:home&catid=1:loisiijo-lodge, ya lashe lambar yabo ta Equator Initiative Award na  shekarar 2006 don kasuwancin da ya dogara da ra'ayoyin al'umma daga  majalisarƊinkin Duniya.

## Darajoji
A cewar shafin yanar gizon ACC, babban burin ƙungiyar shi ne kare raye-rayen gabashin Afirka ta hanyar aiwatar da hanyoyin kiyayewa ta hanyar amfani da basira da sanin al'ummomin yankin da masana kimiyya. Gidan yanar gizon ya kuma jaddada mahimmancin waɗannan hanyoyin magance buƙatun ƴan asalin ƙasar da kuma yanayi daban-daban da ACC ke neman kiyayewa. 

## hangen nesa
Kiyaye bambancin rayuwa don jin daɗin al'umma da muhalli" https://trickleout.net/index.php/directory-pilot/kenya/african-conservation-centre 

## Manufa
Manufarta ita ce kiyaye namun daji da muhallai a ciki da wajen gabashin Afirka ta hanyar amfani da ilimin kimiyya da na asali, inganta rayuwa da bunƙasa cibiyoyi masu inganci." https://trickleout.net/index.php/directory-pilot/kenya/african-conservation-centre 

## Tarihi
Cibiyar kiyayewa ta Afirka (ACC) ta fara ne a cikin shekarun 1970s. Da farko, ya fara ne a matsayin filin bincike don batun kiyaye namun daji. A cikin shekarar 1995, an yi rijistar ACC" http://www.accafrica.org/who-we-are/history/  a matsayin ƙungiyar sa-kai. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar ta haɓaka zuwa nasarori da yawa. A cikin shekarar 2012, ACC ta haɗu tare da Ƙungiyar Rift ta Kudu ta Masu mallakar filaye don ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwar Rangeland Kenya. " http://www.accafrica.org/who-we-are/history/ 

## Manazarta



* Cibiyar Kula da Afirka
* Ford Foundation Grant
* Shompole Group Ranch aikin
Hans Otto Hoheisen

**Hans Otto Hoheisen** (1 Maris 1905 Braamfontein, Johannesburg, Transvaal Colony - 8 Yuli 2003), ɗan Afirka ta Kudu ne mai kiyayewa kuma mai ba da taimako.    

Hans ya ciyar da wani yanki mai yawa na ƙuruciyarsa a gona kusa da Hectorspruit kusa da iyakar kudancin Kruger National Park . Mahaifinsa haifaffen Jamus BN ne, Alfred Hoheisen, ya tara dukiya a matsayin ɗan kwangilar gini a masana'antar haƙar ma'adinai na Reef bayan Anglo Boer War, kuma ya saka hannun jari sosai a dukiyar Lowveld, inda ya sami gonaki biyar a yankin Timbavati a yammacin Kruger Park. Alfred kuma ya sayi gonar 'ya'yan itace Drie Sprong a Stellenbosch, a cikin shekarar 1938, wanda Hans ya rikiɗe ya zama gidan giya a ƙarshen shekarun 1940s. Daga baya an canza sunan gonar zuwa Delheim, wanda a yanzu shi ne kan gaba a Estate Wine na Afirka ta Kudu. 

Lokacin da mahaifinsa ya mutu a shekara ta 1965, Hans ya gaji ragowar gonakin mahaifinsa kuma ya zama mai kishin kiyayewa kuma ya haɓaka waɗannan kadarorin zuwa mafaka mai aminci ga namun daji. 

A cikin shekarar 1990, Hans ya ba da gudummawar hectare 15 000 ga asusun namun daji na duniya na Kudancin Afirka. Wannan tallafin ƙasa shi ne haɓaka na farko a yankin Park tun a shekarar 1926. A wannan yanki da ke kusa da Hoedspruit ya jawo hankalin ma'aikatar harkokin tattalin arzikin Jamus ta hannun bankin raya Jamus da ta ba da kuɗin gina kwalejin kula da namun daji ta Afirka ta Kudu wadda wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke ba da ilimin kiyayewa.  A cikin shekarar 1980 ya ba da gudummawar hata 37 na gonarsa ta Kempiana don kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Dabbobi ta Hans Hoheisen, kusa da Ƙofar Orpen ta Kruger Park - an buɗe cibiyar a hukumance a ranar 15 ga watan Yulin 1983.

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Sinai

**Cibiyar Sinai** Kungiya ce mara riba mai zaman kanta wacce aka kirkira a shekarar 1998 don haskakawa da adana al'adu da tarihin yankin Sinai. Cibiyar ta kasance a Kudancin Sinai, Masar, kuma tana da niyyar kiyaye rayuwar Badawiyya, don kada al'adun su bace kamar sauran al'adu a baya. Cibiyar Sinai tana da ƙaramin ɗakin karatu kuma tana baje kolin abubuwa na al'adun Badawiyya kamar kayan ado, tufafi, kayan aiki, da makamai.

Cibiyar tana ba da balaguro zuwa cikin hamada ta raƙumi ko keken dutse. Haka kuma kungiyar ta himmatu wajen tsaftace yankin Sinai da kuma kiyaye ta a haka.

## Manazarta
* Centre for Sinai
Akinbode Oluwafemi

**Akinbode Oluwafemi,** ɗan Najeriya ne mai fafutukar kare muhalli, mai fafutukar tabbatar da adalci a zaman jama'a, kuma mai ba da shawara kan hana shan taba sigari. Ya kasance Mataimakin Darakta na Ayyukan Haƙƙin Muhalli / Friends of the Earth Nigeria (ERA/FoEN).   Ya kasance mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Bloomberg na shekarar 2009 don Kula da Tobacco ta Duniya. An gudanar da bikin bayar da kyautar ne a taron duniya na 14 a kan taba sigari ko lafiya  da aka gudanar a Mumbai, ƙasar Indiya.  Shi ne Babban Darakta a Asusun Haɗin Kan Jama'a da Harkokin Jama'a na Afirka (CAPPA) CAPPA, inda ya ke da ƙwarewa fiye da shekaru ashirin a cikin tsarin tsarawa, shawarwarin manufofi da gina ƙungiyoyi masu ƙarfi.

## Aiki
**Akinbode Matthew Oluwafemi,** mai ba da shawara ne kan daidaita al'umma wanda ke da gogewar sama da shekaru ashirin a aikin jarida, haɓaka, hulɗar jama'a, da haɓaka zamantakewa. A halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Babban Darakta na Ayyukan Haƙƙin Muhalli/Friends of the Earth, Nigera (ERA/FoEN), wadda ita ce babbar ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin muhalli ta Najeriya.

**Oluwafemi** ya ɗauki nauyin ERA/FoEN's Control Tobacco Control and Water Campaign. Ya kasance mai himma a cikin shirye-shiryen kawar da taba sigari daban-daban a yankin Afirka. Kafin ya shiga ERA/FoEN, Oluwafemi ɗan jarida ne a The Guardian, wadda ita ce babbar jaridar Najeriya. A matsayinsa na ɗan jarida ya taka rawar gani a fafutukar ‘yancin ‘ yan jarida a lokacin mulkin kama-karya na marigayi Janar Sani Abacha. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, ya kasance yana ba da ƙarfinsa don gina "Ruwanmu, Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Mu," wanda ke ƙalubalantar ikon mallakar ruwa a Legas da kuma ko'ina cikin Najeriya . 

A cewar Olufemi Akinbode, “Kamfanin taba sigari a Najeriya yana ci gaba da yin amfani da fasaha da kuma ketare giɓin da ke cikin doka don tafiyar da kusan ba tare da sarrafawa ba a sararin samaniya. “Kamfanonin taba sigari da makamansu na agaji a yanzu suna amfani da samar da alhakin kula da zamantakewar al'umma (CSR) don tallata ayyukansu a shafukan sada zumunta ba tare da ambaton komai ba game da illar kayayyakinsu.

## Kyauta
An ba Akinbode lambar yabo ta Bloomberg don Kula da Sigari ta Duniya

## Manazarta
Cibiyar Rubutun Larabci

**Cibiyar Rubuce-rubucen Larabci** (    ) cibiya ce da aka keɓe don tattarawa da tsara rubutun larabci. An kafa ta a shekara ta 1946 kuma tana cikin Alkahira inda kungiyar Larabawa ke kula da ita.

## Tarihi
An kafa ta ne a karkashin sunan "Cibiyar Farfado da Rubuce-rubuce" *معهد إحياء المخطوطات* karkashin Sashen Al'adu na Babbar Sakatariyar Kungiyar Kasashen Larabawa. Daga baya ta zama mai zaman kanta daga Sashen Al'adu a 1955 kuma ta zama wani ɓangare na Ƙungiyar Ilimi, Al'adu da Kimiyya a farkon shekarun 1970s. Hedkwatarta ta farko a birnin Alkahira ce, inda ta kasance har zuwa 1979 lokacin da ta koma Tunis inda ta zauna har zuwa farkon shekarun 1980 lokacin da ta koma birnin Kuwait, inda ta kasance har zuwa karshe ta zauna a birnin Alkahira a farkon 1990. 

Cibiyar ta dogara da farko ga aikin Carl Brockelmann, musamman *Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur* (Tarihin Adabin Larabci) wajen zabar rubutu, kuma ya aika wakilai zuwa wurare da yawa don tattara rubuce-rubucen.  Cibiyar ta kuma fitar da wata jarida a kowace shekara mai suna "Jarida na Cibiyar Rubuce-rubucen Larabci" baya ga buga labarai na lokaci-lokaci don labarai game da al'adun Larabawa.  Haka kuma tana shirya tarurrukan bita na musamman kan batutuwan da suka shafi rubutun hannu. 

## Duba kuma

* Littafin Alexandrina

## Manazarta