Ken Caldeira

**Kenneth Caldeira** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960) ɗan Amurka masanin kimiyyar yanayi ne. Yankunan bincikensa sun haɗa da acidification na teku,tasirin yanayi na bishiyoyi, gyare-gyaren yanayi na ganganci, hulɗar yanayi acikin yanayin carbon/yanayin yanayi, da makamashi mai dorewa.

Tun daga shekara ta 2021, Caldeira Babban Masanin Kimiyya ne a cikin kamfanin binciken makamashi Breakthrough Energy, Babban Masanin Kimiyya na Ma'aikatan (emeritus) acikin Carnegie Institution for Science's Department of Global Ecology, kuma Farfesa (da ladabi) acikin Sashen Kimiyyar Tsarin Duniya na Jami'ar Stanford.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
A cikin shekarar 1980s, Caldeira yayi aiki a matsayin mai haɓɓaka software. Ya sami Ph.D a Kimiyyar yanayi acikin 1991 daga Sashen Aiwatar da Kimiyya na Jami'ar New York.Daga 1991 zuwa 1993, Caldeira yayi aiki a Jami'ar Jihar Penn a matsayin mai binciken bayan-doctoral. Sannan yayi aiki a matsayin Masanin Kimiyyar Muhalli da Physicist a Laboratory National Lawrence Livermore har zuwa 2005.

## Binciken canjin yanayi
Acikin shekarar 2005, Caldeira ya shiga Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Carnegie na Sashen Kimiyya na Duniya a matsayin babban masanin kimiyya, inda aikinsa shine "yin mahimman binciken kimiyya. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa (da ladabi) a Sashen Kimiyyar Tsarin Duniya na Jami'ar Stanford.

Caldeira tayi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin da ke samar da rahoton Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta Amurka ta 2015, *Geoengineering Climate:*

*Ƙimar Fasaha da Tattaunawa na Tasiri*.

Ya kasance marubuci mai ba da gudummawa ga Ƙungiyar gwamnatoci kan Canjin Yanayi (IPCC) AR5 rahoton *Canjin Yanayi 2013: Tushen Kimiyyar Jiki*. Acikin 2010, ya kasance mawallafi na 2010 US National Academy *America's Climate Choices* reportYa shiga cikin UK Royal Society geoengineering panel a 2009 da kuma ocean acidification panel a 2005. Caldeira yana jagorantar marubucin babin teku don rahoton IPCC na 2005 akan Kama Carbon da Adana.

A cikin shekarar 2007, Caldeira ya fara ba Bill Gates shawara kan sauyin yanayi da batutuwan makamashi. Acikin sakonsa na ƙarshen shekara ta 2016, Gates ya kira Caldeira a matsayin malamin ban mamaki.Acikin 2021, Caldeira ya fara aiki ga kamfanin binciken makamashi Breakthrough Energy, wanda Gates ya kafa.

## Latsa
An nuna aikin Caldeira a cikin labarin 14 May 2012 acikin *New Yorker*, mai suna "The Climate Fixers" da kuma a cikin 20 Nuwamban shekara ta 2006 labarin a cikin *New Yorker*, mai suna"The Darkening Sea.Acikin 2007, ya bada gudummawar op-ed guda biyu kan batun dumamar yanayi zuwa *[[New York Times|The New York Times]]*.

Dangane da takaddamar da littafin *SuperFreakonomics* ya haifar a kan ra'ayin Caldeira game da aikin injiniya na yanayi, Caldeira yaƙi shawarar da yace, "Carbon dioxide ba daidai ba ne".Ya mayar da martani ta hanyar wallafawa a shafinsa na yanar gizo,"Carbon dioxide shi ne mugun da ya dace... matukar dai abubuwa marasa rai na iya zama mugaye." Yace yayin da sauran maganganun da marubuta Steven Levitt da Stephen Dubner suka dangana masa suna "ainihin gaskiya", mai karatu na yau da kullun na iya yin kuskuren abin da ya yi imani da shi [Caldeira].

### Ra'ayi
Acikin shekara ta 2011, Caldeira yayi murabus a matsayin jagorar marubucin wani babi na IPCC AR5, yana mai cewa "Haka kuma, ina tsammanin IPCC ta kasance da amfani sosai a baya, kuma na yi imanin IPCC na iya zama da amfani sosai a nan gaba.[. . . ] murabus na ya yiwu ne saboda na yi imani cewa ƙungiyar babi da nake cikinta tana kan hanya madaidaiciya kuma tana yin kyakkyawan aiki ba tare da gudunmawata ba. Idan da ina da sukar kimiyya game da ƙungiyar babi na, za'a iya tabbatar muku da cewa da na cigaba da kasancewa a cikin sa. Don haka, murabus na kuri’ar amincewa ce ga takwarorina na kimiyya, ba zargi ba.”

Caldeira yayi jayayya da manufar manufofin sifili na hayakin carbon dioxide. A shekara ta 2005, yace, "Idan kuna magana game da murƙushe ƙananan tsofaffin mata, ba ku ce, 'Mene ne burinmu na yawan mugging ƙananan tsofaffi?' Kun ce, 'Karɓar ƴan tsofaffi mata ba kyau ba ne, kuma za muyi ƙoƙari mu kawar da shi.' Kuna gane cewa ba za ku sami nasara kashi ɗari bisa ɗari ba, amma burin ku shine kawar da tsugunar da tsofaffin mata. Kuma ina ganin a ƙarshe ya kamata mu zo kusa don kallon hayaƙin carbon dioxide iri ɗaya." Acikin shekara ta 2014, yace, "Lokaci ya yi da za'a daina gina abubuwa da bututun wutsiya da hayaki. Lokaci yayi da za mu daina amfani da sararin sama a matsayin sharar gida don gurɓatarwar carbon dioxide.”

A cikin shekarar 2013, tare da wasu manyan masana, ya kasance marubucin wata budaddiyar wasika ga masu tsara manufofi, wanda ya bayyana cewa "ci gaba da adawa da makamashin nukiliya yana barazana ga ikon bil'adama na guje wa sauyin yanayi mai haɗari." 

## Kyaututtuka da karramawa
2008 - Jarumi Masanin Kimiyya na 2008 jerin, *New Scientist* mujallar 

2009 - Lamba 36 daga cikin *Wakilan Canji* 100 a cikin mujallar *Rolling Stone* 

2010 - Fellow of the American Geophysical Union 

## Manazarta


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Ken Caldeira publications indexed by Google Scholar