Mary Briscoe Baldwin

**Mary Briscoe Baldwin** (20 ga Mayu, 1811) 20 ga Yuni, 1877) ta kasance malamar mishan ta Amurka a ƙarni na 19 zuwa Girka da Joppa .  Ita ce "mace ta farko da ba ta da aure da Kwamitin Harkokin Waje na Kwamitin Mishan na cocin Episcopal na Protestant ya aika".  A lokacin Yaƙin Crimea, Baldwin ya taimaka wa Florence Nightingale a asibitoci,  kuma suka zama abokai.  

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi

An haifi Mary Briscoe Baldwin a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1811 a Belle Grove, Frederick County, Virginia,  a cikin wani babban gida a kwarin Shenandoah . Gidan kakanta ne. Mahaifinta shine Dr. Cornelius Baldwin (wanda ya mutu a 1828), na Winchester, Virginia . Mahaifiyarta ita ce Nelly Conway Hite (wanda ya mutu a 1830), ('yar Maj. Isaac Hite, na Belle Grove).  Nelly 'yar'uwar James Madison ce, Shugaban Amurka na huɗu. Mary ita ce 'ya ta biyu a cikin iyali mai mutane goma sha biyu - ciki har da Eleanor Conway Baldwin, Isaac Hite Baldwin, Ann Maury Baldwin, James Madison Baldwin, da Robert Stuart Baldwin.  Gidan dangin yana Cedar Grove, wanda ke kusa da Belle Grove. 

Duk yaran da ke cikin iyalin sun sami iliminsu ne daga masu koyarwa masu zaman kansu.  A kusan kowace fanni da ta karanta, ta ƙirƙiro ra'ayinta. 

Bishop William Meade, na Cocin Katolika na Furotesta, dangi ne wanda ya yi tasiri sosai kuma ya taimaka mata a rayuwarta ta addini. Halinta na Kirista ya fuskanci babban gwaji sakamakon mutuwar iyayenta, rabuwar gidan iyali, da kuma rabuwar yaran. 

## Sana'a
Lokacin da take da kimanin shekara ashirin, Mary da 'yar uwarta Eleanor sun je ziyartar 'yan uwa a Staunton, Virginia .  Tana da kimanin shekara ɗaya a can, ta ce:—"Na gaji da rayuwa mai kyau. Tsawon wasu shekaru, na ji babban sha'awar shiga cikin wasu ayyukan Kirista kai tsaye, musamman wajen faɗaɗa ilimin Linjila a tsakanin sauran halittu, kamar yadda gatan malamai ke yi, amma, kasancewarta mace, ba zan iya shiga hidima ba. Bayan haka, tunanina ya koma ga rayuwar mai wa'azi, kuma wannan ya yi kama da matsayi mai girma da na sama da zan samu da kuma jin daɗinsa." Ganin cewa karatunta bai cika ba, ta yi rajista a makarantar kwana ta Miss Sheffy da ke Staunton. Bayan zangon karatu biyu, an ba ta mukamin mataimakiyar malamar makaranta a makarantar, wanda ta karɓa, amma kuma ta ci gaba da karatunta na yau da kullun a makarantar.  

Yayin da take can, ta tambaya ko akwai wata dama ga mace marar aure ta yi aikin wa'azi na ƙasashen waje.  Ƙungiyar Episcopal ta Protestant ta sami wasiƙa daga Mrs. Hill, ta Athens, Girka, tana bayyana buƙatarta ta gaggawa, kuma tana neman a aiko mata da wani don ya taimaka mata a makarantun da ta kafa. Yayin da Baldwin ta saba da Mrs. Hill, tana da sha'awar wannan aikin musamman, kuma bayan dogon nazari kan lamarin sai ta rubuta,—“Na tashi da zuciya mai ƙarfi na ce, ‘Zan tafi.’” Baldwin tana ɗaya daga cikin mishan na farko da ba su yi aure ba da suka fita daga Amurka. Shawarar da ta yanke ta ba wa abokanta mamaki, wasu daga cikinsu sun ce tana “bin diddigin daji;” ko kuma, tsohon labarin, cewa tana “jefa kanta ƙasa;” ko kuma, a gare ta, “zuwa ƙasa ce a fannin zamantakewa.” Amma babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan da suka motsa ta. Bayan an yanke shawararta, nan take ta fara shirye-shiryenta — ta ziyarci tsohon gidanta, kuma ta yi tafiya a faɗin ƙasar tana ziyartar wurare da yawa masu ban sha'awa. Ta shiga hidimar ba don neman abin duniya ba; Albashinta  ne kawai, amma ta yarda ta ƙara wa wannan ƙarancin kuɗin ta hanyar amfani da albarkatunta na kuɗi. 

### Jaffa
An amince da canjin wurin aiki, kuma a shekarar 1869, ta je ta zauna tare da 'yar uwarta, Ann Maury Hay, da ɗan'uwanta, John Baldin Hay,  don taimakawa a makarantun Furotesta. Ta fara hulɗa da Miss Arnott, wata mace 'yar Scotland, wacce ta daɗe tana koyar da makarantar 'yan mata. Ga wani babban fanni tsakanin Yahudawa, Kiristocin Girka, da Musulmai. Sau da yawa tana magana game da Falasdinu kuma ta yi farin ciki lokacin da ta fara aiki a Joppa. 

Saboda rashin nasara da ta gani, an tilasta mata ta yanke alaƙarta da makarantar Miss Arnott, amma, bayan hutu da magani, ta kafa makarantar yara maza.  Ana buƙatar kuɗi don gina gini, ta koma Amurka bayan rashin zama na tsawon shekaru 25 a shekara ta 1872,  ta tattara kuɗi don wannan dalili. Yayin da take ziyartar ɗaya daga cikin majami'u, ta faɗi, ta gamu da mummunan rauni, kuma tun daga lokacin da ta faɗi har zuwa mutuwarta, ba ta cika jin zafi ba, dare ko rana. 

## Mutuwa da gado
Baldwin ta dawo don ci gaba, kuma ta yi matuƙar farin ciki a cikin aikinta, ƙungiyoyin Falasɗinu suna da kyau a gare ta. Ta mutu a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 1877, bayan shekaru 42 na hidima. [1] An binne ta a makabartar Ingila da ke Jaffa, kuma abokai suka ɗora mata dutsen kabari na marmara na Girka tare da rubutun ayar Romawa 10:12:—“Gama babu bambanci tsakanin Bayahude da Ba’al’ummi: gama Ubangiji ɗaya ne a kan kowa, mai wadata ne ga duk waɗanda ke kiransa.” [1] [2] Bayan mutuwar Baldwin, an sake wa Makarantar Mishan ta Joppa suna. Makarantar Tunawa da Mary Baldwin. [1]

## Manazarta