Jayalalithaa

**Jayaram Jayalalithaa** (24 Fabrairu 1948 - 5 Disamba 2016), wanda aka fi sani da **Amma**, 'yar wasan Indiya ce, 'yar siyasa, kuma mai ba da agaji wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Minista Tamil Nadu sama da shekaru goma sha huɗu tsakanin 1991 da 2016 na wa'adi shida.  Ta yi aiki a matsayin babban minista har zuwa mutuwarta kuma ta zama Babban Ministan mata na farko da ta mutu a ofis a Jamhuriyar Indiya. Ita ce mafi tsawo kuma tsohuwar Babban sakatare na All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Jam'iyyar Dravidian da malaminta da tsohon babban ministan Tamil Nadu M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.) ya kafa. An dauki Jayalalithaa a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan siyasa masu tasiri na Indiya bayan samun' yancin kai. Baya ga siyasa, a matsayin mutum na fim, ta lashe lambar yabo ta fina-finai ta jihar Tamil Nadu da kuma lambar yabo ta Filmfare ta Kudu guda uku.

Jayalalithaa ta zama sananniya a matsayin fitacciyar 'yar fim a tsakiyar shekarun 1960. Kodayake ta fara aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo ba tare da son rai ba bisa umarnin mahaifiyarta don tallafa wa iyalin, Jayalalithaa ta kasance mai wasan kwaikwayo. Ta kasance a cikin fina-finai 140 tsakanin 1961 da 1980,  da farko a cikin yarukan Tamil, Telugu da Kannada. Jayalalithaa ta sami yabo saboda yadda ta kasance a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da kuma kwarewarta ta rawa, inda ta sami lakabin "Sarauniyar Fim din Tamil".

Daga cikin abokan aikinta na yau da kullun shine M. G. Ramachandran . A shekara ta 1982, lokacin da M. G. Ramachandran ya kasance Babban Minista, Jayalalithaa ya shiga AIADMK, jam'iyyar da ya kafa. Ta tashi a siyasa da sauri; a cikin 'yan shekaru ta zama sakatariyar farfaganda ta AIADMK kuma an zabe ta zuwa Rajya Sabha, babban gidan Majalisar dokokin Indiya. Bayan rasuwar M.G.R. a 1987, Jayalalithaa ta ayyana kanta a matsayin magajinsa na siyasa kuma, bayan ya yi yaƙi da ƙungiyar da gwauruwar M.G".R. ke jagoranta, V. N. Janaki Ramachandran, ta fito a matsayin shugaban AIADMK. Bayan Zaben 1989, ta zama Shugaba na adawa ga gwamnatin da DMK ke jagoranta karkashin jagorancin M. Karunanidhi, ta bête noire.

A shekara ta 1991, Jayalalithaa ya zama Babban Minista a karo na farko kuma shi ne ƙarami a Tamil Nadu. Ta sami suna don hada ikon jihar tsakanin ƙungiyar ma'aikata; majalisarta ta ministoci, waɗanda sau da yawa take kewaye da su, galibi suna da bikin a yanayi. Shirin jariri mai nasara, wanda ya ba uwaye damar ba da jarirai don tallafi, ya fito ne a wannan lokacin. Duk da albashi na hukuma na rupee daya kawai a wata, Jayalalithaa ta shiga cikin nune-nunen jama'a na wadata, wanda ya kai ga bikin aure mai kyau ga ɗanta mai suna V. N. Sudhakaran (ɗan'uwan Sasikala) a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1995. A cikin Zaben 1996, an kusan shafe AIADMK a cikin tashin hankali; Jayalalithaa kanta ta rasa kujerarta. Sabuwar gwamnatin Karunanidhi ta gabatar da shari'o'in cin hanci da rashawa 28 a kanta, kuma dole ne ta kwashe lokaci a kurkuku.

Ta farfado da arziki a cikin Babban zaben 1998, yayin da AIADMK ta zama babban bangare na gwamnatin Firayim Minista Atal Bihari Vajpayee ta 1998-99; janyewar goyon bayanta ya rushe shi kuma ya haifar da wani babban zabe bayan shekara guda.

AIADMK ta koma mulki a shekara ta 2001, kodayake an hana Jayalalithaa kansa yin takara saboda shari'ar cin hanci da rashawa. A cikin 'yan watanni bayan da ta yi rantsuwa a matsayin babban minista, a watan Satumbar shekara ta 2001, an dakatar da ita daga rike mukamin kuma an tilasta ta ba da kujerar ga mai biyayya O. Panneerselvam . Bayan an wanke ta watanni shida bayan haka, Jayalalithaa ta dawo a matsayin babban minista don kammala wa'adin ta. An san ta da rashin tausayi ga abokan adawar siyasa ciki har da M. Karunanidhi, da yawa daga cikinsu an kama su a cikin hare-haren tsakar dare, gwamnatinta ta zama mara kyau. Wani lokaci (2006-11) a cikin 'yan adawa ya biyo baya, kafin a rantsar da Jayalalithaa a matsayin babban minista a karo na huɗu bayan AIADMK ta mamaye Zaben majalisa na 2011.

Gwamnatinta ta sami kulawa saboda babban ajanda na jin dadin jama'a, wanda ya haɗa da kayayyaki masu suna  da yawa kamar su kantin abinci, ruwan kwalliya, gishiri da siminti. Shekaru uku a cikin mulkinta, an yanke mata hukunci a cikin shari'ar da ba ta dace ba, wanda ya sa aka hana ta rike mukamin. Ta dawo a matsayin babban minista bayan an wanke ta a watan Mayu 2015. A cikin zaben majalisar dokokin 2016, ta zama babban ministan Tamil Nadu na farko tun daga M.G.R a 1984 da aka sake zabar ta a ofis. A wannan watan Satumba, ta yi rashin lafiya sosai kuma, bayan kwanaki 75 na asibiti, ta mutu a ranar 5 ga Disamba 2016 saboda ciwon zuciya kuma ta zama mace ta farko a Indiya da ta mutu a ofis.

Jayalalithaa bai taba yin aure ba kuma ba shi da yara.

A ranar 29 ga Mayu 2020, Babban Kotun Madras ta ayyana dan uwanta, Deepak Jayakumar, da 'yar uwarta, J. Deepa, a matsayin magada ta doka. Masu sukar ta a cikin kafofin watsa labarai da 'yan adawa sun zarge ta da inganta al'adar mutum da kuma neman cikakkiyar aminci daga' yan majalisa da ministocin AIADMK.

## Rayuwa ta farko, ilimi da iyali
An haifi Jayalalithaa a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1948 ga Jayaram da Vedavalli (Sandhya) a cikin iyalin Hindu Tamil Iyengar Brahmin a Melukote, Pandavapura taluk, gundumar Mandya, sannan a Jihar Mysore (yanzu Karnataka). Tana da ɗan'uwa, Jayakumar .   

Kakan mahaifinta, Narasimhan Rengachary, yana aiki ne a Masarautar Mysore a matsayin likita kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin likitan kotu ga Maharaja Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV na Mysore. Kakan mahaifiyarta, Rangasamy Iyengar, ya koma Mysore daga Srirangam don yin aiki tare da Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. Yana da ɗa ɗaya da 'ya'ya mata uku - Ambujavalli, Vedavalli, da Padmavalli . Vedavalli ta auri Jayaram, ɗan Narasimhan Rengachary . Ma'aurata Jayaram da Vedvalli suna da 'ya'ya biyu: ɗa, Jayakumar, da 'yar, Jayalalitha .  Mahaifiyarta, danginta, kuma daga baya abokan aiki da abokai sun kira ta *Ammu*.

Tana daga wannan zuriya kamar sanannun mutane kamar K. T. Bhashyam (tsohon ministan Jihar Mysore kuma Karnataka_Legislative_Council" id="mwng" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="List of chairmen of the Karnataka Legislative Council">Shugaban Majalisar Dokokin Mysore) da kuma sanannen lauya L. S. Raju, wanda ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga tarihin Jihar Mysore (yanzu Karnataka). 

Mahaifin Jayalalithaa, Jayaram, lauya ne amma bai taɓa aiki ba kuma ya ɓata yawancin dukiyar iyali. Ya mutu lokacin da Jayalalithaa ke da shekaru biyu. Gwauruwar Vedavalli ta koma gidan mahaifinta a Bangalore a shekarar 1950.  Vedavalli ya koyi taƙaitaccen rubutu da rubutu don ɗaukar matsayi na malami don taimakawa wajen tallafawa iyali a cikin 1950. Ƙaramar 'yar'uwarta Ambujavalli ta koma Madras, tana aiki a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncin iska. Ta kuma fara yin wasan kwaikwayo da fina-finai ta amfani da sunan allo Vidyavathy . A kan nacewar Ambujavalli, mahaifiyar Jayalalithaa, Vedavalli, ita ma ta koma Madras kuma ta zauna tare da 'yar'uwarta daga 1952. Vedavalli ya yi aiki a wani kamfani na kasuwanci a Madras kuma ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo daga 1953 a ƙarƙashin sunan allo Sandhya . Jayalalithaa ta kasance a ƙarƙashin kulawar 'yar'uwar mahaifiyarta Padmavalli da kakannin mahaifiyarta daga 1950 zuwa 1958 a Mysore .  Yayinda yake a Bangalore, Jayalalithaa ta halarci Makarantar 'yan mata ta Bishop Cotton, Bangalore . 

Bayan auren kawunta Padmavalli a 1958, Jayalalithaa ta koma Madras don zama tare da mahaifiyarta. Ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Matriculation ta Zuciya Mai Tsarki (wanda aka fi sani da Church Park Presentation Convent ko Presentation Church Park Convent).  Ta yi fice a makaranta kuma an ba ta tallafin gwamnati don ci gaba da ilimi. Ta lashe lambar yabo ta Jihar Zinare don zuwa na farko a matsayi na 10 a jihar Tamil Nadu . Daga nan sai ta shiga Chennai)" id="mwxw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Stella Maris College (Chennai)">Kwalejin Stella Maris, Chennai; duk da haka, ta dakatar da karatunta saboda matsin lamba daga mahaifiyarta kuma ta zama 'yar fim.