Gidan shakatawa na uku

The Three O'Clock Lobby wata kungiya ce ta matasa a Michigan a ƙarshen shekarun 1970. Ya kasance daya daga cikin masu gabatarwa na ƙungiyar kare hakkin matasa ta Amurka.

## Kafawa
A shekara ta 1976, Ofishin Ayyukan Shari'a na Yara na Michigan (OJJS) ya yi gwaji tare da wakilcin matasa kuma ya nemi Linda Feldt mai shekaru 16 na Ann Arbor ya yi aiki a kan kwamiti da aka kafa don kimanta adalci na yara a cikin Jiha da kuma ba da shawarwari don canji. Kwamitin ya kafa kimanin rundunonin aiki guda bakwai don mayar da hankali kan takamaiman fannoni na shari'ar yara, kuma, bisa ga shawarar Ms. Feldt, an dauki matasa daya ko biyu don yin aiki a kowane ɗayan waɗannan rundunonin. Bayan watanni da yawa, Ms. Feldt ta shirya wa dukkan kwamishinonin matasa su hadu da raba abubuwan da suka faru. Matasa goma ko goma sha biyu a wannan taron sun yanke shawarar kafa wata kungiya, suna kiranta The Three O'Clock Lobby, tunda zai yi aiki bayan lokutan makaranta. Daga cikin mutanen da suka halarci wannan taron akwai Christopher Jens Magnus mai shekaru 16, darektan kungiyar na gaba.

Tare da taimakon masu goyon baya a cikin OJJS, sabuwar ƙungiyar ta kafa a watan Janairun 1977 kuma ta gudanar da taro ga matasa a watan Maris, tare da bita kan haƙƙin matasa da aiki tare da 'yan majalisa. Ana ba da izinin manya su halarci ne kawai idan matashi ne ke tare da su. Kimanin matasa 250 daga ko'ina cikin jihar sun halarci taron.

Linda Feldt ta rubuta wani tsari na tallafin jihar don hayar matasa don yin aiki da Lambar tarho kyauta don taimakawa matasa a jihar tare da tambayoyi game da hakkinsu, da kuma yin turawa. Jiha ta baiwa kungiyar $ 10,000. Tun da yake akwai sarari kyauta ga ƙungiyar a cikin ofisoshin OJJS a Lansing, adadin ya zama mai yawa, duk da cewa ana biyan ma'aikata cents goma a awa ɗaya akan mafi ƙarancin albashi. Kusan ƙarshen shekara, OJJS ta kammala aikinta kuma ta rufe ofisoshinta, amma majalisar Michigan ta ba da damar ofishin kyauta (ƙaramin ɗakin baya) nan da nan ta ba da ita ga Crime and Delinquency a Lansing. Chris Magnus, Peggy Hicks, Julie Powell, da wasu masu sa kai da yawa daga yankin Lansing ne suka gudanar da layin kyauta. Yayinda kungiyar ta yi ƙoƙarin kashe ragowar kuɗin ta, ta mai da hankali kan gabatarwa, kuma ta sanya talla a cikin bas din birni. Susan Wishnetsky, dalibi a Jami'ar Jihar Michigan, ce ta ga ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan alamun bas ɗin, wanda nan da nan ya shiga ƙungiyar kuma ya taimaka wajen kirkirar wasikar labarai.

## Rikici game da shekarun shan giya
An sabunta tallafin jihar a shekarar 1978. Kungiyar ta ci gaba da samar da jaridar ta, ta kirkiro maɓallan da takalma, kuma ta gudanar da taron na biyu a watan Yunin 1978, amma iyakokin kuɗin jihar sun fara takaici ga kungiyar. Shirin farko na Three O'Clock Lobby ya kasance a kan kawar da laifuffuka na matsayi, ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba ne ga matasa kawai saboda shekarunsu, kamar gudu, rashin bin iyaye, ko amfani da barasa. Kudin da zai motsa jihar a wannan hanyar yanzu ya zama kamar yana cikin rikici, kuma bayyanar jama'a da shaidar kungiyar a kan batun (da wasu labaran jarida masu rikitarwa) sun zama kamar bai isa ba.

Bugu da ƙari, wani tsari na kara shekarun shan giya na jihar daga 18 zuwa 21 ya yi nasarar shiga cikin kuri'un jihohi, kuma ƙungiyar, wacce ta yanke shawarar yin aiki a kan batun, dole ne ta yi hankali kada ta yi amfani da kudaden jihar don yin hakan. Membobin da aka buga a makarantun koleji, sun bayyana a talabijin da shirye-shiryen rediyo, kuma sun yi magana a majami'u da cibiyoyin al'umma, suna bayanin yadda wasu gefen suka karkatar da kididdigar batun. Amma dole ne a biya takardu, tafiye-tafiye, da sauran kudade tare da gudummawar masu zaman kansu. Yayin da zaben ya kusa, Majalisar Michigan kan Matsalar Alcohol, ƙungiyar farko da ke inganta haɓakar shekarun shan giya, ta nemi babban lauyan jihar ya bincika Lobby na Three O'Clock don amfani da kudaden jihar don adawa da shawarar jefa kuri'a. An dakatar da binciken da sauri, amma kungiyar ta yanke shawarar neman tallafin sirri na shekara mai zuwa. Zaben kan shekarun shan giya a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 1978 ya kasance mai matukar damuwa ga kungiyar - shawarar zabe ta wuce da kashi 54% kawai.

Kodayake kungiyar ta kasance tana aika wasiƙu na gabatarwa ga tushe masu zaman kansu tun watan Yuni, a watan Nuwamba ta fuskanci yiwuwar babu kudade kuma babu matsala mai karfi don tattara magoya baya. Chris Magnus da Susan Wishnetsky sun shafe maraice da yawa a cikin gidan cin abinci na Mexico suna rubuta tayin tallafi ga Gidauniyar Playboy, wanda ya zama kamar shine mafi kyawun fata na ƙungiyar don samun kuɗi. Amsa da gayyatar ziyartar tushe sun zo da sauri, kuma kafin ƙarshen Nuwamba, kimanin mambobi shida na Three O'Clock Lobby sun yi tafiya zuwa Chicago don amsa tambayoyi game da shawarar su. Gidauniyar Playboy ta ba da Three O'Clock Lobby adadin $ 5,000 sau ɗaya.

## Shekarar Yaro da rushewa
An kira shekara ta 1979 Shekarar Yara ta Duniya, kuma an gudanar da taron da aka tallafawa jihar don kawo ma'aikatan matasa tare don fara shekara da tattauna batutuwan matasa. An gudanar da taron ne a ranar makaranta. Dukkanin masu tsarawa manya ne, kuma an gayyaci manya ne kawai. Chris Magnus ya ba da shawarar cewa Three O'Clock Lobby su gudanar da zanga-zanga a waje da taron, don haka kungiyar ta shirya takardun da ake kira "Me Idan Shekarar Mace ta kasance ta Bi maza?" Game da matasa shida sun rarraba takardun, wanda ya soki taron don hana matasa shiga, amma kuma ya ba da damar yin aiki tare da hukumomin matasa don inganta canji mai kyau. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta ba da lambobin da ke karantawa "Ina tallafawa Matasa", wanda Gwamna Milliken ya sa daya yayin da yake yin jawabin buɗewa. The Three O'Clock Lobby ya sami wasu labarai masu kyau game da zanga-zangar, amma wannan bai yi kama da karfafa kungiyar ba.

Kungiyar ta soke layin tarho kyauta kuma ta fara daukar ma'aikata, amma yayin da membobin suka tafi kwaleji ko aiki, membobin sun ragu. An ba da kuɗin tallafin masu zaman kansu har zuwa iyakarsu, amma a ƙarshen 1981, ƙungiyar ta ba da izinin shigar da ita, kuma Three O'Clock Lobby ba ta da.

## Dubi kuma

* Muryar matasa
* Kasancewar matasa

## Manazarta

* "The Three O'Clock Lobby of Michigan: a New Designs interview with Chris Magnus". *Sabbin Tsarin Ci Gaban Matasa*, Mayu/Yuni 1980, shafi na 14-19.
* "Michigan's Three O'Clock Lobby". Matasa Gaskiya, v. 7, No. 3 (Karshe 2006), shafi na 8-9.