Gundumar Columbia ta Dokokin Ƴancin da Aka Basu

**Doka don Sakin wasu Mutane da ake rike da su zuwa Sabis ko Aiki a [[Washington, D.C.|Gundumar Columbia]]**, 37th Cong., Ses. 2, ku. 54, 12 Matsayi 376, wanda aka fi sani da suna **District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act** ko kuma kawai **Dokar 'Yanci ta Rayya**, doka ce da ta kawo karshen bauta a gundumar Columbia, tare da ba wa masu bautar da suka kasance masu aminci ga Amurka a yakin basasa da ke ci gaba a lokacin don neman diyya . Ko da yake ba shi ne ya rubuta shi ba,  Shugaban Amurka Abraham Lincoln ne ya sanya hannu kan dokar a ranar 16 ga Afrilu, 1862. Yanzu ana bikin 16 ga Afrilu a cikin birni a matsayin Ranar 'Yanci .

## Tarihi
Shawarwari don kawar da bautar a cikin Gundumar Columbia sun samo asali ne aƙalla ga Dokokin gag na ƙarshen shekarun 1830. A cikin 1849, lokacin da yake wakilin, Lincoln ya gabatar da wani shiri na kawar da bautar a Washington, DC, ta hanyar biyan diyya. Kudin ya gaza. Yarjejeniyar 1850 ta haramta siyarwa da sayen bayi a Gundumar Columbia. Koyaya, mallakar bayi a babban birnin ba ta shafi ba, kuma mazaunan Gundumar Columbia har yanzu suna iya saya da sayar da bayi a makwabta Virginia da Maryland.

Samun 'yanci a cikin Gundumar Columbia ya zama mai yiwuwa a cikin 1861 bayan tashiwar sanatoci da wakilai daga jihohin da suka rabu da su waɗanda suka toshe ƙarshen bautar a cikin gundumar, ba sa son' yanci ya zama doka a ko'ina. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1861, an gabatar da lissafi a Majalisa don Kanal da bautar a Washington, DC. An rubuta shi ne ta hanyar Sojojin Amurka Colonel Thomas Marshall Key, tsohon Sanata na jihar Democrat daga Ohio wanda ke aiki a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara kan shari'a na George McClellan (Alkalin Lauyan),  kuma Sanata Henry Wilson na Massachusetts ne ya tallafawa, lissafin ya wuce Majalisar Dattijai a ranar 3 ga Afrilu da kuri'un 29 da aka amince da 14 da suka yi adawa.  Ya wuce Majalisar Wakilai a ranar 11 ga Afrilu.   Lincoln ya so lissafin ya haɗa da tanadi don yin 'yanci ne kawai bayan kuri'un da suka dace daga' yan ƙasa na Gundumar Columbia.   Ya kuma so lissafin ya jinkirta aiwatarwa har zuwa wani lokaci bayan aiwatar da shi. Majalisa ba ta haɗa da wani tanadi a cikin lissafin ba. Lincoln ya sanya hannu kan lissafin a ranar 16 ga Afrilu, 1862,  a cikin muhawara mai gudana na Majalisa game da shirin 'yanci ga jihohin iyaka. Bayan wucewar lissafin, Lincoln ya ba da shawarar sauye-sauye da yawa ga dokar, wanda Majalisa ta amince da shi. Kwamishinonin da aka nada don aiwatar da lissafin daga baya sun ba da rahoto ga Majalisa inda suka lissafa sunayen masu bautar da suka nemi diyya, sunayen mutanen da aka 'yantar, da kuma adadin da aka biya. A cewar wani asusun, bayi sun sayar da kusan mutane 2000 daga Gundumar a cikin bazara na 1862 da fatan kauce wa 'yanci da samun farashi mafi girma daga Confederates fiye da yadda gwamnati ke bayarwa.

Sashe na Dokar 'Yanci da aka Biya ya zo kusan watanni tara kafin sanya hannu kan Sanarwar 'Yanci. Wannan aikin nan da nan ya 'yantar da bayi a Washington, DC, kuma ya ware dala miliyan 1  don biyan masu bautar da ke da aminci ga gwamnatin Amurka.  Dokar ta ba da ƙarin $ 100,000  don biyan kowane tsohon bautar $ 100 idan sun zaɓi barin Amurka zuwa wurare kamar Haiti ko Laberiya, wanda ya yarda da shige da fice na Black American. &nbsp;

## Sakamakon
Shirin 'yanci ya dogara da Hukumar 'Yanci ta mutum uku don rarraba kudaden da aka ba su. Don karɓar diyya, ana buƙatar tsoffin masu mallakar bayi su ba da rubuce-rubuce game da mallakar su kuma su bayyana amincinsu ga Tarayyar. Yawancin masu shigar da kara fari ne, amma wasu baƙi sun nemi diyya, bayan sun taɓa sayen danginsu daga wasu masu mallakar. A ƙarshe, kusan dukkanin dala miliyan 1 da aka ware a cikin aikin an kashe su. A sakamakon dokar, an 'yantar da mutane 3,185 daga bautar. Koyaya, dokokin bayi masu gudu har yanzu suna amfani da su ga mutanen da suka tsere daga bautar daga Maryland zuwa Washington, DC har zuwa soke su a 1864.&nbsp;

Kodayake gwamnatin Amurka ba ta taɓa fadada tsarin 'yanci da aka biya ba bayan Gundumar Columbia ba, aikin, tare da haramta bautar a cikin yankunan tarayya bayan 'yan watanni,  ya nuna ƙarshen bautar daga baya a Amurka.  Dokar ita ce kawai shirin samun fansa da aka kafa a Amurka.

Gundumar Columbia ta yi bikin Afrilu 16 a matsayin Ranar 'Yanci tun 1866, tana gudanar da fareti na shekara-shekara don tunawa da sanya hannu kan dokar har zuwa 1901, lokacin da rashin tallafin kudi da na kungiya ya tilasta al'adar ta daina;  ta sake farawa a shekara ta 2002.  A shekara ta 2000, Majalisar Gundumar Columbia ta sanya ranar 16 ga Afrilu hutu ne mai zaman kansa (watau wanda ba a ba ma'aikatan birni hutu kyauta) kuma a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 2004, memba na majalisa Vincent Orange ya ba da shawarar yin ranar hutu na jama'a. Gundumar Columbia ta fara bikin Ranar 'Yanci a matsayin hutun birni a shekara ta 2005. 

"Lokacin da Majalisa ta zartar da Dokar 'Yancin DC a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1862, ta ba da diyya ga masu mallakar 'masu aminci', Coakley [Gabriel Coakley, shugaban baƙar fata Katolika a Washington] ya sami nasarar yin kira ga matarsa da 'ya'yansa, tunda ya sayi'yinsu a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan baƙar fata na Washingtonians don da'awar wannan. Gwamnatin tarayya ta biya shi $ 1489.20 ga mutane takwas da ya 'mallaka'; ya yi ikirarin darajar su a $ 3,300. "
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## Ƙarin dokoki
Bayan damuwar Lincoln game da fasalin lissafin da ya sanya hannu, Majalisa ta amince da kari ga Dokar 'Yancin Kai ta asali. An ba da gyare-gyaren a ranar 12 ga Yuli, 1862, wanda ya ba da damar mutanen da suka kasance bayi su nemi diyya idan tsoffin masu mallakar su ba su yi hakan ba. A karkashin ƙarin aikin, da'awar da baƙi da fari suka yi an auna su daidai, yayin da a baya, shaidun baƙi - bayi ko 'yanci - an watsar da su idan fari ya kalubalanci su.
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## Manazarta