Tsuntsun teku

Harshen ruwan teku shine sunan gama gari da ake amfani da shi ga nau'ikan kifi mai launin ruwan ƙasa ( Salmo trutta ), kuma galibi ana kiransa da turanci (Salmo trutta morpha trutta) Sauran sunaye don kifi mai launin ruwan kasa anadromous sune kifi, sewin (Wales), kwasfa ko peal (kudu maso yammacin Ingila), mort (arewa maso yammacin Ingila), finnock (Scotland), farin kifi (Ireland), Dollaghan ( Northern Ireland ) da kuma salmon kifi ( nau'in abinci ). ).

Hakanan ana amfani da kalmar "karan teku" don kwatanta sauran salmonids anadromous, irin su coho salmon ( *Oncorhynchus kisutch* ), bakin teku cutthroat trout ( *Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii* ), kogin ruwa ( *Salvelinus fontinalis* ), Arctic char ( *Salvelinus alpinus alpinus alpinus* ) da Dolly. ( *Salvenlinus malma* ).  Har ma wasu nau'in kifin da ba na salmonid ba kuma ana san su da kifin teku, irin su Northern pikeminnow ( *Ptychocheilus oregonensis* ) da kuma membobin dangin raunanan kifi ( *Cynoscion* ). 

## Fadi
Anadromous launin ruwan kasa trout suna yadu rarraba a Turai tare da Atlantic da Baltic Coasts, United Kingdom da kuma bakin tekun Iceland. Ba sa faruwa a cikin Tekun Bahar Rum amma ana samun su a cikin Tekun Baƙar fata da Caspian da kuma arewa mai nisa har zuwa Tekun Barents da Kara a cikin Tekun Arctic .   An gabatar da kamun kifi na Brown a cikin wuraren zama na ruwa a cikin Tasmania, Victoria, New Zealand, Tsibirin Falkland, Tsibirin Kerguelen, Chile da Argentina sun kafa yawan jama'a a lokacin da aka sami damar samun ruwan gishiri mai dacewa.  &#x5B; ** &#x5D; An ba da rahoton halayen anadromous a cikin Kogin Columbia da magudanan ruwa a cikin Amurka da kuma cikin kogin Kanada a duka gabar tekun Pacific da Atlantic. 

## Yanayin
Kamar yadda aka bi da shi a nan, kifin ruwan teku mai anadromous *Salmo trutta* morpha *trutta* ba ta bambanta da nau'ikan ma'auni na ruwa mai launin ruwan kasa ba, watau lacustrine  morpha  da kogin  morpha , ko da yake a baya an yi la'akari da su nau'i daban-daban ko ma jinsuna. Suna wakiltar nau'ikan muhalli tare da halayen ƙaura daban-daban. Asali, ana amfani da sunan *Salmo trutta* don yin nuni na musamman ga nau'ikan kifi mai launin ruwan kasa ko ruwan teku.  Littattafan angling na farko sau da yawa ana kiran kifin teku a matsayin farin kifi ko kifi. 

## Bayani
Anadromous launin ruwan kasa trout launi ne na azurfa tare da tabo baƙar fata. Duk da haka, da zarar sun koma cikin ruwa mai dadi, da sauri suna ɗaukar launi na al'ada na mazaunin launin ruwan kasa a shirye-shiryen haifuwa. Kelts na teku (post spawn) suna komawa matakin azurfa yayin da suke ƙaura zuwa ruwan gishiri.  Adult brown trout suna tsakanin  tsayi, kuma yana iya yin nauyi daga  . Maza masu hayayyafa za su sami ƙugiya-kamar ƙugiya, tasowa mai fuskantar sama akan ƙananan muƙamuƙi da ake kira kype . A cikin ruwa mai daɗi saman ƙwanƙwasa launin zaitun ne tare da launin ruwan kasa da tabo baƙar fata, tare da gefen ventral yana da launin toka zuwa rawaya. Bangarorin suna da jajayen lemu da jajayen zobe da shuɗi mai haske. 

Tsawon su shine 60&nbsp;cm, amma suna iya girma har zuwa 130&nbsp;cm tsayi kuma yana auna har zuwa 20&nbsp;kg karkashin ingantattun yanayin muhalli.

Mafi kyawun fasalin su shine tsayi, elongated, jiki mai siffar torpedo. Suna da ɓangarorin launin toka na azurfa da jakuna masu launin toka-kore. Ciki fari ne. Kamar kowane nau'in kifi, kifi na teku yana da adipose fin .

## Zagayowar rayuwa
Kifin na teku yana cin abinci ne musamman akan kifi, ƙananan kaguwa, shrimps da prawns.

Kifi ne mai ban tsoro, mai ƙaura, wanda yayi kama da kifi na Atlantic a cikin tsari da salon sa. A cikin teku, yana yin tafiya mai nisa kuma yana ninkaya sama zuwa cikin ƙananan koguna don yawo. Haɓaka yana faruwa a cikin hunturu a kan gadaje kogin gravelly a cikin yankin grayling zuwa yankin barbel . Ana sanya ƙwai a cikin kwandon ruwa ko ja . Matasan kifin sun kasance a cikin ruwa mai dadi na tsawon shekaru daya zuwa biyar sannan suka yi hanyar zuwa teku. “Agogon ciki” na ishara da kifin lokacin da suke buƙatar yin tafiya ta komawa teku. A lokacin wannan ƙaura, za su iya rufe har zuwa 40&nbsp;km kowace rana.

Kifayen da suke shirye don haifuwa yawanci suna da ƙarfi kuma dole ne su ci abinci da yawa don ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfinsu da sauri. Bayan kammala aikin haifuwa, kifin ya koma cikin teku. Yawan mace-mace bayan haifuwa wanda ya zama ruwan dare a wasu nau'ikan kifin kifi ba a saba da shi ba. Da zarar sun koma cikin teku, kifin ya sake samun nauyi kuma ya rasa launin ruwan launin ruwan kasa.

Matasan da suka tsira daga cikin kifin teku za su yi ƙaura gabaɗaya zuwa cikin teku, don ci abinci a cikin tudu da ruwayen bakin teku. Duk da haka kuma an san cewa balagagge mai launin ruwan kasa, wanda mai yiwuwa ya shafe wasu shekaru gaba ɗaya a cikin kogi, zai iya, ga kowane dalili, ya yanke shawarar yin hijira zuwa teku, don komawa shekara mai zuwa a matsayin mafi girma (teku) kifi, tare da launin azurfa. .

## Barazana
A cikin koguna da yawa na tsakiyar Turai, an kawar da kamun kifi saboda na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki na hana ƙaura. Bugu da kari, wuraren hayayyafa da dama sun bace saboda koma bayan koguna. A cikin ‘yan kwanakin nan, ’yan ruwan teku sun yi nasarar sake kafa kansu a wasu tafkuna da koguna ta hanyar bullo da matakan kifin da tashoshi da ke kewaye da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki. Ta wannan hanyar an sake ba da damar haɓaka ƙaura, kodayake a cikin iyakataccen hanya.

## Angling
 

### Jamus
Ganyen teku suna shahara da masu cin abinci da kuma abinci. Lokacin rufewa yana ɗaukar aƙalla watanni uku dangane da ka'idojin hukumar kogin. Kamar kifin kifi, doka ta kiyaye kifin teku a cikin tsarin kogin Rhine da kuma a yawancin kogunan Jamus (sai dai wasu kogunan arewacin Jamus) duk shekara. A cikin bakin tekun Schleswig-Holstein, ana kiyaye kifin teku daga 1 ga Oktoba zuwa 31 ga Disamba. Wannan ya shafi kifaye ne kawai a cikin launi na haifuwa (launin ruwan kasa), ana iya ci gaba da kama kifi mai launin azurfa. A mafi yawan estuaries an haramta gaba daya angling a cikin kariya mai nisan mita 200 kusa da bakin kogin a wannan lokacin. A cikin bakin tekun Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, akwai haramci gabaɗaya kan kamun kifi don kifi daga 15 ga Satumba zuwa 14 ga Disamba. Wannan ya shafi duka masunta da masunta. A Jamus, kalmar *Absteiger* na amfani da magudanan ruwa don kwatanta kifin teku bayan haifuwa. Cire *absteigers* batu ne da ke da cece-kuce a tsakanin masu kiwo. Yawancin masu kifaye sun ƙi shan trout na teku da suka haihu saboda naman su ƙanƙanta ne kuma bushe.

### Wales
A Arewacin Wales kogunan Clwyd, Elwy da (zuwa ɗan ƙarami) Aled suna gudanar da kiwo na ƙaura, in ba haka ba da aka sani da kifin teku ko, a cikin gida, ɗinki. Sewin gabaɗaya yana nufin ƙaramin kifin teku har zuwa kusan 30 - 40&nbsp;cm a tsayi. Ana yin kamun kifi (angling) na kamun kifi da daddare ta hanyar amfani da dabarun kamun gardama, amma sai lokacin da kogunan ke gudana. Naman kifi a cikin ruwa yana da sauƙin "spooked" ta hanyar tashin hankali a banki kuma a lokacin hasken rana yakan kasance a ɓoye a ƙarƙashin bankunan da tushen bishiyar, don haka yana da wuyar kamawa. Da dare suna jin ƙarin ƙarfin gwiwa don fitowa cikin babban kogin kuma galibi ana iya ganin su suna "gudu" ( ƙaura zuwa sama) a cikin ƙananan gudu a cikin watanni na Mayu zuwa Nuwamba. Lokacin da kogunan ke gudana masu launin ruwan sama bayan ruwan sama mai yawa, ana iya kama kifi a cikin rana tare da lallausan wucin gadi ko spinners. Lokacin kamun kifi na kifin teku a cikin ruwan Clwyd yana daga 20 ga Maris zuwa 17 ga Oktoba. Yawancin masuntan kuda za su yarda cewa kamun kifi da daddare don kifin teku na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan wasanni masu ban sha'awa yayin da kifin na iya girma zuwa sama da 10.&nbsp;lb (5&nbsp;kg) a cikin nauyi. Rhyl da St Asaph Angling Association  suna sarrafa mil 20 na kamun kogin akan kogin Clwyd, Elwy da Aled.

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Shirin taimakon nau'in kifi na teku 
* Komawar salmon/trout... tare da CD don makarantu don saukewa 
* Jirgin ruwa daga Stör a Schleswig-Holstein, 2005 
* Sake matsuguni na kamun kifi a yankin Upper Wümme na Lower Saxony 
* Tushen teku: ƙarin bayani da hotuna