John Thwaites (ɗan siyasa na Australiya)

**Johnstone William “John” Thwaites** AM tsohon ɗan siyasan Australiya ne, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Firayim Minista na jihar Victoria daga 1999 zuwa 2007.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar Melbourne da Jami'ar Monash, Melbourne, inda ya kammala karatunsa a fannin kimiyya da shari'a. Ya yi aiki a matsayin barista kafin ya shiga siyasa. Ya kasance mai ba da shawara na minista ga ministocin gwamnatin jihar Jam'iyyar Labour Jim Kennan da Andrew McCutcheon kafin a zabe shi a Majalisar Dokoki ta Victoria don kujerar Albert Park . 

## Sana'ar siyasa

### Karamar hukuma da magajin gari
An zaɓi Thwaites a Majalisar Birnin Melbourne ta Kudu a 1985 kuma ya yi aiki har zuwa 1993, kuma ya kasance Magajin Gari a 1991–92.Majalisar Jiha

Thwaites ya shiga majalisa a zaben 1992, a matsayin memba na kujerar cikin gida na Albert Park . Labour, wacce ta shafe shekaru goma tana mulki, ta sha kashi a hannun jam'iyyar Liberal Party karkashin Jeff Kennett . A cikin shekaru uku na ƙarshe na wa'adin sa, Labour, a ƙarƙashin Joan Kirner, ya jagoranci babban koma bayan tattalin arziki da jerin bala'o'in kuɗi da suka haɗa da siyar da tilas na Bankin Jiha na Victoria, da rushewar Ƙungiyar Gina Pyramid . Yawancin masu sharhi sun yi tsammanin jam'iyyar Labour za ta kasance cikin adawa tsawon shekaru masu yawa. A matsayin Ministan Lafiya na Shadow, Thwaites yayi kamfen a kan katsewar Gwamnatin Kennett ga lafiya da keɓance sabis na motar asibiti. Ya yi amfani da takardun 'Yancin Bayanai don nuna dogon jinkiri a sassan asibitocin gaggawa da kuma rage kasafin kudin lafiya. ("Austin a cikin rikicin haƙuri, in ji Labor", The Age, 3 Oktoba 1996.) Thwaites kuma ya nuna damuwa game da ɓatar da jigilar motar asibiti zuwa wani kamfani mai zaman kansa, Intergraph, wanda Babban Mai binciken ya gano "a mafi kyau ya haɗa da mummunar rashin kulawa ko kuma, a mafi munin, ya zama mummunan aiki". ("State backs Intergraph rahotanni tayin", The Age, 3 Satumba 1999). Al'amarin Intergraph da damuwa game da keɓantawar asibiti da sabis na motar asibiti sune manyan batutuwa a cikin zaben jihar na 1999.

### Mataimakin shugaba
A cikin watan Satumban 1999 Bracks ya ba da mamaki sosai a zaɓen, kuma mambobi uku masu zaman kansu na yankunan karkara sun ba wa Labour damar yin mulki a matsayin gwamnatin tsiraru. A matsayin Mataimakin Jagora, Thwaites ya zama Mataimakin Firayim Minista kuma an ba shi babban fayil ɗin kiwon lafiya, tare da wajabcin ƙara kudade ga tsarin kiwon lafiyar jama'a wanda ya kasance batun raguwa a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Liberal. Ya kuma kasance Ministan Tsare-tsare daga 1999 zuwa Fabrairu 2002. Jim kadan bayan hawansa mulki, Thwaites ya soke shirin mayar da asibitin Austin na mai zaman kansa tare da bayyana shirin gwamnati na sake gina asibitin da kudaden jama'a. ("Labor to cancel Austin hospitalprivatization" The Age 28 Oktoba 1999) ("Shin sabuwar gwamnati za ta iya gyara lafiya? Shekaru 20 Nuwamba 1999"). Kamar dukkan ministocin kiwon lafiya na jihohi, ya sami karancin nasarar rage yawan masu jiran aiki a asibitocin gwamnati, amma ya yi nasarar maido da adadin ma’aikatan jinya. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan farko na Thwaites a matsayin Ministan Lafiya shine hana shan taba a gidajen abinci.  Daga baya ya gabatar da dokar hana shan taba a wuraren wasanni.

A matsayin Ministan Tsare-tsare, Thwaites ya sanya iko kan babban ci gaba a kusa da Port Phillip Bay kuma ya gabatar da lambar tsare-tsaren zama, Rescode, don adana halayen unguwa a cikin yanke shawara.  Ya kuma ƙaddamar da "Melbourne 2030", shirin dabarun shekaru 30 don Melbourne. 

#### Murabus
Lokacin da Firayim Minista Steve Bracks ya ba da sanarwar murabus dinsa na mamaki a ranar 27 ga Yuli 2007, sa'o'i kadan bayan haka Thwaites ya sanar da cewa shi ma zai yi murabus.  Ya ce ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Jam'iyyar Labour Party a Victoria na tsawon shekaru goma kuma yanzu lokaci ya yi da "ba wani ya tafi ya kawo sabon jini".  Ya yi murabus a hukumance a ranar 30 ga Yuli 2007 kuma daga majalisa a ranar 6 ga Agusta 2007.

## Bayan siyasa
Bayan barin siyasa, Thwaites ya zama farfesa a Jami'ar Monash kuma shugaban Monash Sustainable Development Institute da ClimateWorks Australia .

Har ila yau, an nada shi zuwa wasu manyan mukamai na hukumar, ciki har da shugaban kasa, Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Australiya (ACMI), shugaban Australian Building Codes Board, shugaban Ƙungiyar Climate, shugaban Peter Cullen Trust, da kuma darektan Cibiyar Gina Green na Australia da Fair Trade Australia New Zealand.  Ya kuma kasance mai ba da shawara ga Maddocks Solicitors tare da wurare na musamman na aiki a cikin yanayi, ruwa da sauyin yanayi tsakanin 2008 da 2015. 

A cikin 2011, an nada Thwaites a matsayin shugabar Hukumar Lambobin Gine-gine ta Australiya, ƙungiyar da ke da alhakin haɓakawa da sarrafa ƙa'idodin ginin Australia. A cikin 2012, an nada shi a matsayin shugaban Majalisar Dorewa ta kasa wanda ke ba da shawara mai zaman kanta ga Gwamnatin Ostiraliya kan al'amurran dorewa da kuma samar da rahotanni masu zaman kansu kan alamun dorewa da abubuwan da ke faruwa.

## Ganewa da kyaututtuka
An nada Thwaites Memba na Order of Ostiraliya don "muhimmin sabis ga muhalli, da kuma ga mutane da Majalisar Victoria" a cikin 2021 Rana ta Australiya . 

## Manazarta