Seana Coulson

**Seana Coulson** Masaniyar kimiyya ce da akafi sani da bincikenta kan ilimin kimiyyar kwakwalwa na harshe da kuma nazarin yadda ake gina ma'ana a cikin harshen ɗan adam, gami da gwaji na gwaji, ra'ayoyi, ma'ana, da kwatanci. Ita farfesa ce a sashen Kimiyya na Kimiyya a Jami'ar California, San Diego,  inda Laboratory ta Brain and Cognition ke mai da hankali kan ilimin kimiyyar kwakwalwa na harshe da tunani. 

Coulson an fi saninta da bincikenta game da amfani da ɗan adam na Haɗuwa da ra'ayi, tsari mara hankali a cikin harshen ɗan adam wanda ya haɗu da ra'ayoyin da ba su da alaƙa a cikin ra'ayi ɗaya.

## Tarihi da kyaututtuka
Coulson ta sami B.A. a fannin falsafa a Kwalejin Wellesley a shekarar 1988, inda ta kammala karatun *Magna Cum Laude* . Ta yi aiki a matsayin Edita na samarwa don Garland Publishing a Birnin New York daga 1988 zuwa 1989. Daga nan ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Bincike daga 1989 zuwa 1990 a Sashen Ilimin Halitta a Kwalejin Hunter, inda ta yi aiki tare da Virginia Valian kan bincike da ya shafi amfani da maki a cikin ilmantarwa na harshe.

A shekara ta 1990, ta fara karatun digiri na biyu a fannin Kimiyya a Jami'ar California, San Diego, inda ta sami MS a 1992 da Ph.D. a shekarar 1997. Rubutun ta, Semantic Leaps: Frame Shifting and Conceptual Blending, an buga shi a matsayin littafi a shekara ta 2001,  kuma shine aikin da aka fi ambaton ta.

Daga 1997 zuwa 1999, ta kasance Post-doctoral Fellow a sashen Psychology a Jami'ar Arizona .

A shekara ta 1999, ta koma Jami'ar California, San Diego a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a sashen Kimiyya na Kimiyya. A shekara ta 2002, ta sami lambar yabo ta Jami'ar California Hellman Fellowship,  wata zumunci ga ƙananan malamai a duk faɗin tsarin Jami'ar Californie.  Kyautar ta ta kasance saboda aikinta mai taken "Language Comprehension and the Space Structuring Model: Electrophysiological Investigations".  A watan Yunin 2004, Coulson da ɗalibanta na digiri, Christopher Lovett, an nuna su a cikin wata kasida don mujallar The Scientist .  Labarin, "Humor and Handedness", ya tattauna yadda take amfani da ban dariya a matsayin shigar da harshe mai zurfi don bincika bambance-bambance na amsawar kwakwalwa tsakanin mutane na hagu da na dama.

A shekara ta 2009, an ba Coulson tallafin NSF daga Sashen Halin Halin da Kimiyya. An ba da kyautar ta, "Gaskiya da Magana ta Multi-Modal: Albarkatun fahimta da Haɗin Magana", a ƙarƙashin shirin Perception, Action & Cognition .  An inganta ta zuwa Full Farfesa a UCSD a shekarar 2012. 

Coulson ta sami Kyautar Bincike Mai Kyau, tallafin shekara-shekara daga Cibiyar Kavli don Brain da Mind, sau hudu. A shekara ta 2006-2007, ta yi aiki tare a kan ayyukan biyu da ake kira "Overcoming superarning" da "Lesion-symptom mapping and pragmatic language understanding". A shekara ta 2014-2015, ta yi aiki tare a kan wani aikin da ake kira "A Novel Test of the Grounded Cognition Hypothesis in Grapheme-Color Synesthetes". A cikin 2020-2021, ta haɗu a kan ayyukan biyu da ake kira "Binciken Matsayin Ayyukan Rhythmic Cortical a cikin Gudanar da Tsarin Harshe da Harshe a cikin Mutane da Rats." da kuma "Bincikawar saurin sauraro a cikin sel guda, damar filin gida, da EEG na waje". Kwanan nan, Coulson da sauran mambobin sashen kimiyyar UCSD Ana Chkaidze, Anastasia Kiyonga, da Lera Boroditsky an ba su kyautar Innovative Research Grant na 2022-2023. Shirin hadin gwiwar da suka gabatar ya kasance mai taken "Mene ne tunanin da aka yi da shi? Dusting neural fingerprints of internal representations using phenomenology and information-based neuroimaging".

## Bincike
Shirin bincike na Coulson ya rinjayi masanin harshe na Faransa Gilles Fauconnier, daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa ka'idar Haɗuwa da ra'ayi. Ta yaba da littafin da ta wallafa na Semantic Leaps (2001)  a matsayin samfurin shekaru 10 na tattaunawa tare da Fauconnier . Coulson ta ci gaba da buga bincike tana fadada kan tsarin haɗuwa ta hanyar amfani da ma'aunin abubuwan da suka shafi taron (PsER) tare da electroencephalography (EEG). Ta hanyar wannan hanyar, Coulson yana amfani da motsa jiki na psycho-harshe don bayyana martani na electrophysiological. Coulson ya yi amfani da hanyoyin ERP don bincika ra'ayoyin harshe da yawa kuma ya buga a kan batutuwa kamar alamun alama, fahimtar ban dariya, da fahimtar ba'a.

Yawancin wallafe-wallafen Coulson ta amfani da ERP sun haɗa da binciken rawar da N400 ke takawa, martani da aka lura a cikin siginar EEG inda mummunan ra'ayi ya kai bayan kimanin 400 milliseconds bayan farawar motsawa, sau da yawa yana da alaƙa da gane hoto ko tsinkaya. Coulson da co-authors sun gano cewa girman martani na N400 na iya daidaitawa ta hanyar motsawar harshe na halitta. Misali, an gano amsoshin N400 sun fi karami lokacin da aka ji wani wasa idan aka kwatanta da kalmar sarrafawa mai ban dariya,  kuma sun fi girma lokacin da ake fassara kwatanci idan aka kwatanta shi da ma'anar kalma ta zahiri. 

Coulson ta kuma yi aiki a kan bincike kan synaethesia a cikin manya. Ayyukanta sun ci gaba da yadda masana kimiyya suka fahimci tsarin fahimta, gami da daidaituwa na mahallin da yiwuwar bi-directionality na launuka da lambobi.

## Bayanan wakilci

### Littattafai

* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] *Tsalle-tsalle na ma'ana: canjin tsari da haɗuwa da ma'ana a cikin ma'anar gini*. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
* [Hotuna a shafi na 9] *A zahiri da kuma wadanda ba a zahiri ba a cikin Harshe da Tunanin.* Peter Lang
* [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci da aka yi amfani da ita a lokacin da aka yi la'akari da ita. *Hanyoyi a cikin ilimin harshe*. John Benjamin.

### Labarai

* [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Yi tsammanin abin da ba a tsammani ba: Amsawar kwakwalwa mai alaƙa da abubuwan da suka faru ga keta doka. *Harshe da Hanyoyin fahimta*, *13* (1), 21-58, doi:
* [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Haɗuwa da ma'anar ƙididdiga: Ma'anar zahiri da na alama a cikin ma'anar fahimta. *Jaridar Pragmatics*, *37* (10), 1510-1536.  ya kamata a yi amfani da shi:
* [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Haɗin kai da kwatanci: Nazarin yiwuwar da ya shafi taron. [Hasiya] An yi amfani da shi a talifin nan.  ya kamata a yi amfani da shi:
* [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Simulation na Sensorimotor da sarrafa motsin rai: Rashin tasirin fuska yana ƙara buƙatun dawo da ma'ana. Cognition, Emotional, & Behavioral Neuroscience, *17* (3), 652-664.  ya kamata a yi amfani da shi:
* Van Petten, C., Coulson, S., Rubin, S., Plante, E., & Parks, M. (1999). Lokaci na ganewar kalma da haɗin kai a cikin harshen magana. *Jaridar Nazarin Jiki: Ilimi, Tunawa, da Fahimta, 25* (2), 394-417.  ya kamata a yi amfani da shi:

## Manazarta