open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Hans Aas

**Hans Aas** (22 Satumba 1880 - 5 Agusta 1960) ya kasance dan kungiyar kwadago ta Norway.

An haifi Aas a Tromsø . Ya shiga ƙungiyar kwadago ta farko a 1906, kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyar  daga 1914 zuwa 1930. Bayan ya rabu da Jam'iyyar Labour kuma ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis a 1923, Aas daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin manajan jaridar *[[Arbeidet]]* . Ya kasance memba na sakatariyar Kungiyar Kwadago ta Norway daga 1920 zuwa 1923,  sannan mataimakin da ke ganawa akai-akai a madadin Ole O. Lian,  sannan kuma memba na sakakatariyar daga 1927 zuwa 1929. Ya kafa 'yan tsiraru na Kwaminisanci a cikin sakatariyar tare da Elias Volan, amma an maye gurbinsu a 1929.

A cikin siyasa, Aas ya kasance memba na Majalisar birni ta Aker kuma shugaban reshen gundumar Grorud na Jam'iyyar Labour. A cikin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, ya kasance memba na politburo na wani lokaci. Aas kuma ya kasance mai motsawa a cikin Arbeidernes Esperantoforbund .  Ya mutu a shekara ta 1960.

## Manazarta
Odo Bujwid

**Odo Feliks Kazimierz Bujwid** (30 Nuwamba 1857 a Vilnius - 26 Disamba 1942 a Kraków) (wani lokacin ana kiransa **Odon Bujwid**) masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne na Poland, wanda aka gane shi a matsayin wanda ya kafa ilimin ƙwayoyi a Poland.

## Manazarta
Christine Ombaka

**Christine Ombaka Oduor** 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Kenya daga ƙungiyar Orange Democratic Movement.

## Ilimi
Ombaka ta kammala karatunta daga waɗannan cibiyoyi: 

* Jami'ar Isles International
* Jami'ar Lancaster
* Jami'ar Nairobi

## Aikin siyasa
An zaɓi Ombaka a matsayin wakiliyar mata a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa daga Gundumar Siaya a babban zaɓen na shekarar 2017. An sake zaɓenta a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2022.

## Manazarta
Ryszard Czarnecki

**Ryszard Henryk Czarnecki** (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Janairun 1963 a matsayin **Richard Henry Czarnecki**) ɗan siyasan Poland ne kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai (MEP) daga Poland . Shi memba ne na Dokar da Adalci, wani ɓangare na Conservatives da Reformists na Turai.

Kafin shekara ta 2008, ya kasance memba na jam'iyyar kare kai.

Ya kasance daga cikin Kwamitin Majalisar Tarayyar Turai kan Harkokin Waje, kuma ya maye gurbin Kwamitin Harkokin Tsarin Mulki kuma memba na Wakilin don alaƙar da ƙasashen kudu maso gabashin Turai. Tsohon memba na "Group on South Asia", "South Asia Peace Forum" da "Forum for Balochistan" a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai.

## Ilimi

* Jagoran Tarihi, Jami'ar Wrocław
* 1987: Mai adana bayanai, Archiwum Akt Nowych, Warsaw (1986) 'Solidarność' Tarihi

## Ayyuka

* 1988-1990: ɗan jarida tare da 'The Polish Daily', Landan
* Sakataren edita
* 1991: Mataimakin babban edita 'Wiadomości Dnia'
* 1991: babban edita 'Dziennik Dolnośląski' (1991), mukaddashin darektan 'NORPOL-PRESS'
* 1993-1997: Babban Edita na shirye-shiryen Addini, Polsat TV
* 2001-2004: Malami
* 1994-1996: Shugaban kungiyar Kirista-National Union (ZCHN) 
* 2002-2004: Masanin 'Kariya ta Jamhuriyar Poland'
* memba a cikin wa'adin I da III na Majalisar Dokokin Jamhuriyar Poland
* Mataimakin Shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar Dattijai kan Al'adu da Kafofin Watsa Labarai
* Shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar Dokoki kan Hakkin mallaka
* Shugaban kungiyar 'yan majalisa ta Poland da Italiya
* 1991-1993: wakilin majalisa a Kungiyar Yarjejeniyar Arewacin Atlantic
* memba na Kwamitin Majalisar Dattijai kan Haɗin Kai na Turai
* 1999-2001: Shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar Dokoki kan Hulɗa da 'yan Poland a kasashen waje
* 2000-2001: Mataimakin Shugaban Kwamitin Shari'ar Turai
* 1991-2001: wakilin Sejm na Poland (majalisa) a Majalisar Dokokin Tarayyar Turai ta Yamma
* 1993: Mataimakin Ministan Al'adu
* 1997-1999: Ministan Haɗin Kai na Turai
* 1997-1998: Shugaban Kwamitin Haɗin Kai na Turai
* 1998-1999: Minista - memba na majalisar ministoci

A Zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na 2009 ya kasance dan takarar Shari'a da Adalci daga Mazabar Kuyavian-Pomeranian . 

## Manazarta
Antoni Grabowski

**Antoni Grabowski** (11 June 1857 – 4 July 1921) was a Polish chemical engineer, and an activist of the early Esperanto movement. His translations had an influential impact on the development of Esperanto into a language of literature.

## Ilimi da aiki
Ko da a jami'ar, Grabowski ya ci gaba da sha'awar wallafe-wallafen, ya shiga kungiyar wallafe-walfe ta Slavic (*Towarzystwo Literacko-Słowianskie*). Kokarinsa bai iyakance ga yaren Poland da wallafe-wallafen ba; a hankali ya koyi harsuna da yawa kuma ya zama mai magana da harsuna masu yawa. Baya ga yarensa na mahaifiyarsa, ya sami damar yin karin harsuna tara kuma ya yi amfani da akalla wasu 15. Tare da asalin harshe, Grabowski ya kuma zama mai sha'awar ra'ayin harshe na duniya. Bayan ya koyi Volapük, ya yanke shawarar ziyartar Johann Schleyer, marubucin wannan aikin harshe. Ganin cewa ko da Schleyer da kansa bai iya magana da Volapük ba kuma an tilasta Grabowski da Schleyar su tattauna a Jamusanci a maimakon haka, Grabowski ya kammala cewa Volapük bai dace da amfani na yau da kullun ba. Bayan wannan takaici, Grabowski ya bar aikinsa a kan Volapük amma ya ci gaba da sha'awar ra'ayin Harshe da aka tsara na duniya.

## Esperanto da wallafe-wallafen
A shekara ta 1887 ya yi nazarin ɗan littafin Dr. *[[Esperanto]]*'s International Language: Introduction & Complete Grammar, wanda L. L. Zamenhof ya buga a wannan shekarar, wanda ya tsara aikin harshe mai ban sha'awa na Zamenhof - nan da nan za a san shi da sunan Esperanto. Da yake sha'awar tsarin Esperanto da kuma iyawarsa na bayyanawa wanda, ya yi tunanin, za'a iya karɓar shi da sauri, Grabowski ya yi tafiya zuwa Warsaw don ziyartar Zamenhof, inda biyun suka gudanar da tattaunawar baki ta farko a Esperanto.

## Manazarta
Maciej Fortuna

**Maciej Fortuna** ɗan ƙasar Poland ne mai ƙaho na jazz, mawaƙi kuma malamin kiɗa. Yana gudanar da lakabin rikodin Fortuna Music. Jerzy Milian ya sadaukar da waƙarsa "Music For Mr. Fortuna" ga Maciej Fortuna.

## Ilimi
Maciej ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Poznan Law School a 2007 kuma ta sami digiri na biyu tare da girmamawa na farko daga Kwalejin Kiɗa a Wroclaw, Piotr Wojtasik jazz trumpet class (2010). A shekara ta 2012 ya sami digiri na likita a fannin zane-zane a Kwalejin Kiɗa a Poznań.

## Ayyuka
Ya yi wasa tare da masu fasaha daga Poland, Turai da Amurka. Ya lashe kyaututtuka a matsayin soloist da kuma ƙungiyarsa.

Maciej Fortuna kuma mawaƙi ne na rediyo ko talabijin. Shi malami ne a Kwalejin Kiɗa a Poznan (Poland), ajin ƙaho na jazz.

## Kasancewar membobin rukuni
A matsayin jagora:

* Maciej Fortuna Solo
* Maciej Fortuna Trio
* Maciej Fortuna Quartet
* Maciej Fortuna Quintet

A matsayin jagora:

* An On Bast / Maciej Fortuna
* Matsayin Quartet na Mack Goldsbury. Maciej Fortuna
* Shirin Maciej Fortuna da Stefan Weeke

memba na kungiyoyi:

* Piotr Lemańczyk Quartet, tare da David Kikoski
* Mack Goldsbury da Haɗin Poland
* Ernst Bier da Mack Goldsbury Group
* Shigar da Quintet

## Kyaututtuka

* Grand Prix, kyautar TVP KULTURA, Kyautar Shugaban TVP a lokacin Gasar Matasa 'Niemen Non Stop' a Słupsk (Yuli 2008) 
* Kyauta ta farko a lokacin Kodolanyi Jazz Competition (Yuli 2008) tare da Switch On Quintet
* Finalist na Junior Jazz a Usti Nad Laba (2008) tare da wannan rukuni
* dan wasan karshe na gasar Tarnow Jazz ta Duniya (2008) tare da Maciej Fortuna Quintet
* Kyauta ta biyu a lokacin Jazz Juniors Competition (2008) tare da Maciej Fortuna Quintet
* Kyautar soloist mafi kyau a lokacin Bydgoszcz Big Band Festiwal 2008 da Baszta Jazz Festiwal 2008
* Mai daraja a cikin wannan rukuni a lokacin Big Band Festival a Nowy Tomysl (2008) 

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin gida na Maciej Fortuna
Eve Akinyi Obara

**Eve Akinyi Obara** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kenya,  kuma 'yar majalisar dokoki ta yanzu mai wakiltar mazaɓar Kabondo Kasipul a gundumar Homabay.   Ta kasance memba na Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) tun daga shekarar 2017.  

## Ilimi
Obara ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Loreto don samun Takardar Shaidar Ilimi ta Gabashin Afirka (EACE) a shekarar 1972, sannan ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Lwak don samun Takardar Shaidar Ilimi ta Gabashin Afirka (EAACA) a shekarar 1976. Tsakanin shekarun 1978 da 1981, ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Nairobi don samun Difloma a Otal-otal da Gudanar da Abinci, kuma daga shekarun 1990 zuwa 1991 ta halarci Jami'ar Illinois don neman Digiri na Bacholors a Gudanar da Kasuwanci.  

## Aiki
An yi aiki da Obara a Ma'aikatar Noma a matsayin jami'ar ma'aikata daga shekarun 1982 zuwa 1984, kuma daga baya aka ɗauke ta aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Darakta na Manaja, Ma'aikata da Manajan Gudanarwa daga shekarun 1995 zuwa 2007 a Ofishin Adabi na Kenya. 

## Duba kuma

* Majalisar Dokokin Kenya ta 13

## Manazarta
Harshen Auwe-Daonda

**Auwe-Daonda** yare ne na Papuan na Lardin Sandaun, Papua New Guinea . Ana magana da Auwe a cikin Simog (Smock) (3°18′55′′S 141°14′45′′E / 3.315248°S 141.245782°E / -3.315248; 141.247782 (Smocks)) da Watape (3°17′53′′S 141 °17′43′′E / 3.298019°S 141.5°E / / -3.298019; 141.295335 (Watape 1)) ƙauyuka na Smock, Walsa Rural LLG. Ana magana da Daonda a kusa da Imonda a yankin Daondai (3°17′45′′S 141°12′07′′E / 3.295883°S 141.201842°E / -3.295883; 141.2018 42 (Daunda)), Walsa Rural LLG, Lardin Sandaun.

## Manazarta
Harshen Elseng

**Elseng** (**Morwap**, Janggu, Sawa, Tabu ) yaren Papua ne wanda ba a rubuta shi sosai ba wanda kusan mutane 300 ke magana (a 1991) a lardin Indonesian na Papua . Har ila yau an san shi da Morwap, wanda ke nufin "mece ne?" 'Morwap' an ƙi shi da karfi a matsayin sunan harshe ta masu magana da jami'an gwamnati.

Ana magana da Elseng a ƙauyen Gresi Selatan, Jayapura">Omon, gundumar Gresi Selatan, Jayapura Regency; ana kiranta *Tabu* ko *Tapu* . 

## Rarraba
Laycock ya rarraba Elseng a matsayin harshe mai zaman kansa amma ya lura da kamanceceniya da harsunan Border. Ross ya haɗa shi a cikin Border saboda waɗannan kamanceceniya amma ya lura cewa ba ya bayyana ya raba kowane kamanceceniyar ƙamus tare da iyali. Koyaya, wannan na iya zama tasirin ƙarancin bayanai akan Elseng. Foley kamar haka ya rarraba Elseng a matsayin mai warewa.

Binciken lissafi na atomatik (ASJP 4) na Müller et al. (2013)  kuma ya sami kamanceceniya da Harsunan iyaka.

## Fasahar sauti

## Kalmomin asali
Kalmomin ƙamus masu zuwa sun fito ne daga Voorhoeve (1971, 1975),  kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin bayanan Trans-New Guinea: 

## manazarta
Kawira Mwangaza

**Kawira Mwangaza** 'yar siyasa ce ta Kenya, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Gwamnar Gundumar Meru daga watan Agusta 2022 zuwa ranar 14 ga watan Maris, 2025 lokacin da Babbar Kotun Kenya ta amince da ƙarar tsige ta.  A baya ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliyar Mata na Gundumar Meru a Majalisar Dokoki ta 12 ta Kenya. Ita ce Gwamna na 3 na Gundumar Meru daga watan Agusta 2022 zuwa ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, 2024. Jam'iyyun MCA sun tsige ta a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, 2024 duk da yunkurin da lauyoyinta suka yi na shawo kan Majalisar Dattawan Kenya game da rashin laifinta dangane da zarge-zargen cin zarafin muƙami da rashin iya aiki da ake yi mata.  Babbar Kotun Kenya ta amince da tsige Kawira Mwangaza a ranar 15 ga watan Maris, 2025  kuma an rantsar da mataimakinta, Isaac Mutuma a matsayin Gwamna na 4 na Gundumar Meru a ranar 17 ga watan Maris, 2025.

## Manazarta

## Duba kuma

* Jerin 'yan Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ta Kenya, 2017–2022
Harshen Imonda

**Imonda** yare ne na Papuan na Lardin Sandaun, Papua New Guinea . Yana da tsarin sautin sauƙi da tsarin wasula mai rikitarwa ba tare da sautunan sauti ba. Imonda yana da ma'ana sosai kuma ba ya nuna sunaye don lamba ko jinsi amma yana nuna lamba a kan aikatau don batun, abu, da sauran nau'ikan kalmomi. Ana kuma nuna lokacin magana, fasalin, ƙin yarda, da tambayoyi a wani bangare akan aikatau. Akwai jigon jigon da ke da tsayi sosai, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi a kan kalmomi, adverbs, ko verbs. Harshen ba shi da haɗin kai ko haɗin kai kuma ya cika waɗannan matsayi tare da wasu hanyoyin.

## Fasahar sauti
A cikin kusurwar kusurwa shine romanization Walter Seiler da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin harshen 1985 na harshe, wanda shine mafi yawan makircin. Inda ba a ba da romanization ba, romanization iri ɗaya ne da IPA.

### Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

### Sautin sautin
Imonda tana da wasula 10, wanda shine mafi yawa ga kowane yaren iyaka kuma fiye da yawancin sauran yarukan Papuan.

## Tarihi
A ƙarshen karni na 19, masu magana da Imonda suna da iyakantaccen hulɗa tare da 'yan kasuwa na Malay, waɗanda ake kira **Sue-na-id** (mutane na wuta). Kodayake a wasu yankuna na New Guinea, mazauna yankin sun zama masu iya magana da Malay a lokacin, ya bayyana cewa babu irin wannan tasiri ga masu magana da Imonda.

Ma'amala ta gaba tare da baƙi ta faru ne a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II . Sojojin Japan da ke tserewa daga Amurkawa a bakin tekun sun zauna a Imonda na 'yan kwanaki. An yi fada kuma an kashe masu magana da Imonda guda biyu, an ƙone wasu gidaje, kuma an yi wa mazauna ƙauyen fyade.

Daga baya, akwai wasu hulɗa tare da Dutch, waɗanda suka hayar mazauna yankin a matsayin masu ɗaukar kaya ko don aiki a garuruwa. A wannan lokacin yawancin masu magana da Imonda sun koyi Malay (musamman ba tare da sanin cewa suna da wani hulɗa da shi ba) kuma sun fallasa al'adun Yamma.

Har zuwa 1962, ana magana da harshen Imonda kusan kawai a cikin ƙauye ɗaya yanzu da ake kira "Imonda a kan duwatsu". A wannan ranar, 'yan Australia sun karɓi iko daga Dutch New Guinea, kuma Imonda sun rabu zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu kuma sun kafa ƙauyuka biyu a wurare masu sauƙi: **Mol** (ɗan) da Põs (*ciyawa*).

An tattara jerin kalmomi don dukkan yarukan Waris ciki har da Imonda kafin 1973. Walter Seiler ya yi nazarin harshe na harshe dalla-dalla a cikin Ph.D. rubutun (1984)  da kuma littafin da ya biyo baya (1985). 

Ba kamar yawancin yankuna makwabta ba, ba a taɓa koyar da Malay a hankali ga masu magana da Imonda ba duk da cewa ana amfani da wasu kalmomin aro daga Malay. A lokacin Seiler's 1985 grammar of the language, lokacin da tattaunawa da makwabcin Waris ya faru, ana gudanar da shi sau da yawa a cikin Tok Pisin inda duk masu magana da Imonda suke da kyau kuma daga abin da Imonda ke karɓar kalmomin aro da yawa.

## manazarta
Jane Njeri Maina

**Jane Njeri Maina** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kenya wacce a halin yanzu memba ce a Majalisar Dokokin Kenya a matsayin Wakiliyar Mata ta Gundumar Kirinyaga.  Ita memba ce a jam'iyyar United Democratic Alliance, wata jam'iyya mai alaƙa da Kwanza ta Kenya.

## Rayuwa ta farko
Maina, wacce lauya ce ta sana'a, an haife ta kuma ta girma a Kibingoti, mazaɓar Ndia a gundumar Kirinyaga kuma ta yi makarantar firamare a Makarantar Firamare ta Kiangoma. Daga nan ta ci gaba da karatunta na Sakandare a Kabare Girls. 

Maina ta yi karatun lauya a Jami'ar Nairobi kuma an karɓe ta a matsayin lauyar Babbar Kotun (Kenya). 

## Aikin shari'a
Maina ita ce Manajar Abokin Hulɗa na Kamfanin Lauyoyi na Njeri Maina, Maina Law Law Advocates kuma tana gudanar da shari'o'in da ba su da alaƙa da bono.    

## Aikin siyasa
A ranar 15 ga watan Afrilu, 2022, Njeri Maina ta sami tikitin Jam'iyyar UDA bayan ta doke tsohon Kakakin Kirinyaga County Anne Wangechi da kuma mai bincike mai zaman kansa Jane Mugoh. 

An zaɓi Maina a Majalisar Dokokin Kenya a matsayin Wakiliyar Mata na Kirinyaga County a cikin Babban zaɓen shekara ta 2022, tana wakiltar United Democratic Alliance a shekaru 28 wanda ya sa ta zama mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin majalisa da aka taɓa zaɓa a Lardin Tsakiya (Kenya). Ta samu kuri'u 175,001 yayin da Rose Wachira ta samu kuri'a 49,892. 

A cikin shekarar 2023, an ambaci sunanta daga cikin wakilan mata masu kyau a Kenya. Koyaya, wakilan mata gabaɗaya ba su sami maki sosai a cikin binciken ba, yayin da masu amsa suka bayyana suna goyon bayan gwamnoni. Cecilia Asinyen ta Turkana County ce ta jagoranci jerin, tare da Njeri a matsayi na biyu.

A lokacin zanga-zangar Janar Z na Kenya game da Dokar Kuɗi ta 2024, Maina ta kaɗa kuri'a a kan NO a adawa da Dokar duk da cewa tana cikin 'yan tsiraru tare da sakamakon cewa Dokar ta wuce a ranar 25 ga watan Yuni 2024 amma, saboda kukan jama'a, Shugaba Ruto ya ki amincewa da Dokar Kuɗi ta shekarar 2024 kuma ta nemi a janye ta. 

### Sakamakon zaɓen

## Manazarta
Harshen Ningera

Ningera (Ninggera) yare ne na Papuan na Lardin Sandaun, Papua New Guinea .

Ana magana da shi a yankin Ningra (2°44′21′′S 141°26′08′′E / 2.73916°S 141.435536°E / -2.73916; 141.445536 (Ningra)) a cikin Bewani / Wutung Onei Rural LLG, Lardin Sandaun . 

## Manazarta
Beatrice Nkatha

**Beatrice Nkatha Nyaga** (Disamba 1957 - 17 Oktoba 2024) 'yar siyasar ƙasar Kenya ce daga Jam'iyyar Jubilee. 

Nkatha ta kasance wakiliya mace a Majalisar Dokokin Kenya ta Gundumar Tharaka-Nithi daga shekarun 2013 zuwa 2022.  A shekarar 2023, an naɗa Nkatha a matsayin Babbar Sakatariyar Gudanarwa (CAS) a Ma'aikatar Baitulmalin Ƙasa.  Nkatha ta mutu a ranar 17 ga watan Oktoba, 2024, tana da shekaru 66. 

A shekara ta 1991, Nkatha ta kammala karatun digiri na ƙasa a cikin Gudanar da Bugawa daga Kwalejin Watford.  A shekara ta 1995, Nkatha ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin fasahar buga takardu ta tsaro daga Jami'ar Jihar Ferris. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Beatrice Nkatha a Majalisar Dokokin Kenya

## Duba kuma

* Jerin 'yan Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ta Kenya, 2017–2022
* Jerin 'yan Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ta Kenya, 2013–2017
Małgorzata Handzlik

**Małgorzata Maria Handzlik** (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun 1965, a Bielsko-Biała)  'yar siyasar Poland ce kuma tsohuwar memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai (MEP).  An zabe ta a shekara ta 2004 da 2009 don Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska, PO), kuma ta zaɓi kada ta sake tsayawa takara a shekarar 2014.

## Ayyuka
Handzlik ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Silesia a shekarar 1990.

A ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 2014, Ofishin Mai gabatar da kara na Gundumar a Warsaw ya tuhume ta da karya da zamba.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Handzlik ta koyi Esperanto a shekarun 1980 a lokacin tafiye-tafiyenta tare da mijinta, mawaƙiya Esperanto, marubuciya, mawallafi, kuma malami. Baya ga tallata manufofin jam'iyyarta, Handzlik ta ayyana tsayawa takara don kare harsuna da yawa da kuma daidaiton haƙƙin harshe ga dukkan 'yan ƙasa. Handzlik ƙwararren mai magana ne a harshen Esperanto kuma ta ba da shawarar bincika yuwuwar rawar da wannan harshe zai taka a matsayin harshe na biyu ga dukkan Turawa.

Handzlik yana da 'ya'ya mata biyu.

## Manazarta
Harshen Pagi

**Pagi**, ko **Bembi**, yare ne na Papua wanda mutane 2,000 ke magana a ƙauyuka biyar a Lardin Sandaun da kuma Gundumar Vanimo ta Papua New Guinea, kusa da iyakar da Indonesian Papua .

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Sunan "Bewani" yana da alaƙa da duwatsu waɗanda suka zama iyaka tsakanin Gundumar Vanimo da Amanab.

Ana magana da yaren *Imbinis* na Pagi a cikin ƙauyukan *Imbinis* (2°57′51′′S 141°22′51′′E / 2.964235°S 141.380826°E / -2.964235; 141.370826 (Imbrinis)) da *Imbio* (2°54′23′′S 141 °25′46′′E / 2906373°S 141.529381°E / 22.906373; 141.429381 (Imbio 1).

Harsunan makwabta sun haɗa da Ainbai da Kilmeri,  kuma Harsunan iyaka na reshen Bewani. 

## Amfani da shi
Ana magana da *Pagi* a kusa da tashar Bewani (3°01′23′′S 141°10′04′′E / 3.023119°S 141.167741°E / -3.023119; 141.167141 (Bewani Station)), Idoli (3°01'30′′S 141 °08′20′′E / 3.025053°S 14 1.138885°E / 3.035053; 141.13888585 (Idoli)), da kuma Amoi (301′16′′S 141′36°10′36167167°E / 141.991°2011)) / 1416716"E / 141691671691.201G)  Tok Pisin galibi jami'an gwamnati ne ke amfani da shi da kuma iyalai inda miji da mata ke cikin al'ummomin da ke magana da harsuna daban-daban. Har ila yau, Ingilishi ne ke rinjayar yankin, wanda shine babban yaren da ake amfani da shi a makarantun yankin, tare da Tok Pisin a wasu lokuta.

## Manazarta
Harshen Taikat

**Taikat** (Daiget) ko **Arso** yare ne na Papua na Indonesian Papua 

## Fasahar sauti
Taikat yana da wasula shida, /a e i o u ə/ .

## Manazarta
Harshen Waris

**Waris** ko **Walsa** yare ne na Papuan na arewacin New Guinea . Akwai kimanin masu magana da asali 2,500. Yana amfani da tsarin rubutun Latin. Harshen yana da alamun monophthong, diphthong, da sautin triphthong.

## Yawan jama'a
Waris yana magana da kimanin mutane 2,500 a kusa da Wasengla (3°17′41′′S 141°04′23′′E / 3.294675°S 141.073027°E / -3.294675; 141.0730) (Wasengla Catholic Mission)), yankin Doponendi, Walsa Rural LLG, Lardin Sandaun, Papua_New_Guinea" id="mwFw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea, da kuma kimanin 1,500 a fadin iyaka a Gundumar Waris, Keerom a lardin Indonesian na Papua . 

## Fasahar sauti

### Sautin sautin

## Masu rarraba
Kalmomin rarrabawa a cikin Waris suna haɗe da aikatau, kuma an ƙayyade su ta hanyar kaddarorin jiki na kalmar da ake magana da ita. Da yawa daga cikinsu suna da kamanceceniya da tushen aikatau masu zaman kansu, wanda zai iya zama inda suka samo asali. Misalan sun hada da:

## manazarta
Mishi Juma

**Mishi Juma Khamisi Mboko** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kenya kuma 'yar majalisar dokoki ce mai wakiltar mazaɓar Likoni a gundumar Mombasa.  Mishi Mboko ta kasance memba ta ƙungiyar Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), tun daga shekarar 2017 

## Ilimi
Mishi Juma ta yi karatun firamare a Mtongwe inda ta sami takardar shaidar karatun firamare ta Kenya daga shekarun 1978 zuwa 1985.  Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Likoni inda ta sami takardar shaidar karatun sakandare ta Kenya daga shekarun 1986 zuwa 1989. Ta kammala karatun digiri a Jami'ar Nairobi da Difloma a Hulɗa da Jama'a daga shekarun 2004 zuwa 2005. A shekarar 2012 ta kammala karatun digiri a Jami'ar Moi inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Kimiyya (Bsc.) Sadarwa da Hulɗa da Jama'a. Ta kuma sami takardar shaidar Sakatare da kuma kula da ofis a matsayin 'yar takara mai zaman kanta a PITMAN 1990-1991 da kuma takardar shaidar Diploma a Banki kashi na 1 a matsayin 'yar takara mai zaman kanta a KNEC 1991-1992. 

## Aiki
Aikin Mishi Mboko ya fara ne a shekarar 1993 a matsayin Mataimakiyar Darakta ta Musamman ga Manajin Darakta a C. Mehta & Co. Chemist da ke Mombasa. A shekarar 1993 zuwa 1994, ta yi aiki a matsayin Manajar Ofis na Kamfanin Inshora na Composite, daga shekarun 1995 zuwa 2005 da kuma a matsayin Manajar Gudanarwa na Swara Forwarders da ke Mombasa. Ta fara aiki daga shekarun 2005 zuwa 2010 a matsayin mai shiga tsakani a cikin al'umma da kuma manaja a harkokin kasuwanci masu zaman kansu. Daga shekarun 2010 zuwa 2012 ta yi aiki a matsayin Jami'ar Jama'a ta Majalisar Ƙaramar Hukumar Kwale. Ta kasance memba a kwamitin gudanarwa na Hukumar Noma ta Tsakiya tun a shekarar 2010  

## Rayuwar siyasa
Mishi Juma Mboko ta yi aiki a matsayin Wakiliyar Mata ta Mombasa daga shekarun 2013 zuwa 2017, da nufin fara shirye-shiryen ƙarfafa mata.   Mishi Juma Mboko 'yar Majalisar Dokokin Kenya ce da kuma jam'iyyar Orange Democratic Movement kuma a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin 'yar Majalisar Dokoki (MP) ta mazaɓar Likoni.   Ta karɓi mulki daga Mwalim Masoud Mwahima a shekarar 2017 kuma an sake zaɓenta a shekarar 2022 a matsayin 'yar majalisar dokoki ta 13 ta Kenya.   Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan majalisar mata da dama waɗanda suka kasance mace tilo da aka zaɓa a gundumarsu. Sauran sun haɗa da Mary Maingi a gundumar Kirinyaga, Naisula Lesuuda a gundumar Samburu da Mary Emaase a gundumar Busia. 

## Duba kuma

* Majalisar Dokokin Kenya ta 13

## Manazarta
Wanjiku Muhia

**Wanjìkū Mūhìa** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kenya kuma 'yar Majalisar Dokoki ta yanzu a mazaɓar Kipipiri, kuma Shugabar Kwamitin Haɗin Kan Yankuna. Ta kasance memba a Jam'iyyar Jubilee, a baya ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar Majalisar Dokoki ta Yankin a Majalisar Dokokin Gabashin Afirka ta 4 (EALA) (2018-2022) kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta wakilci Gundumar Nyandarūa (2013-2017).

Mūhìa ita ce ta kafa Gidauniyar Wanjìkū Mūhìa, wacce ke aiki tare da Cibiyar Ciwon Daji ta Nyandarūa don wayar da kan mutane game da cutar kansa.

## Ilimi
Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Kamahia sannan ta shiga Makarantar Sakandare ta Nakuru inda ta zauna don jarrabawarta ta O-Level. Ta kammala karatun digiri daga Jami'ar Nairobi da Difloma a Gudanar da Albarkatun Ɗan Adam da kuma daga Jami'ar Methodist ta Kenya tare da digiri na farko a Gudanar da Kasuwanci. Mūhìa tana da Digiri na biyu a Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Sunderland ta Burtaniya kuma ta yi karatun Leaders in Development: Managing Change a then a Dynamic World daga Makarantar Harvard Kennedy. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Ta kasance Manajar Sabis na Abokan Ciniki na Yankin a Equity Bank Limited (2006-2012) da kuma Manajar Albarkatun Ɗan Adam/Gudanarwa a Florensis BV (1998-2003).

== Siyasa ==
Mūhìa ita ce wakiliyar mata ta Nyandarua da kuma ta yanzu  'yar majalisa ce mai wakiltar mazaɓar Kipipiri a gundumar Nyandarūa.  An zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisa ta jam'iyyar Jubilee a babban zaɓen Kenya na shekarar 2013, da ƙuri'u 158,486 (kashi 66.7% na dukkan ƙuri'un da aka jefa).

A watan Disamba a shekarar 2017, Jam'iyyar Jubilee ta zaɓi Wanjiku a matsayin 'yar majalisar dokoki ta Gabashin Afirka. Ta tabbatar da matsayinta a ELEA da kuri'u 180. 

A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 2022, an zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa mai wakiltar mazaɓar Kipipiri, inda ta kayar da Amos Kìmunya na jam'iyyar Jubilee mai ci. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

## Nasarori

* Ta yi wa Dokar Kula da Naƙasassu (PLWDs) ta  2013 kwaskwarima. Wannan kwaskwarima ta tilasta wa dukkan gidajen talabijin a Kenya sanya harshen kurame a cikin labaransu da shirye-shiryensu masu muhimmanci a ƙasa. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>
* Hon. Wanjiku Mūhìa ta roƙi gwamnati da ta mayar da kamfanonin jigilar kaya na PSV (Matatu) bakin aiki, wannan ya taimaka wajen kiyaye ayyukan yi ga dubban ɗaruruwan matasa a ƙasar. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Muhia Wanjiku
* Hon Wanjiku Muhia, ɗan majalisar dokoki
Fatuma Masito

**Fatuma Hamisi Masito** 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kenya.  Ita memba ce ta ƙungiyar Orange Democratic Movement. 

## Aikin siyasa
Masito ita ce 'yar takarar Orange Democratic Movement, wacce aka zaɓa a matsayin wakiliyar mata a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa daga gundumar Kwale a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2022. An san ta da fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata da kuma zama memba a kwamitin Labour da Walwalar Jama'a na Majalisar. 

Tana ɗaya daga cikin mata 'yan siyasa shida da aka zaɓa a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 2022 waɗanda suka yi aiki a matsayin shugabanni a gundumarsu. Sauran biyar ɗin su ne Beatrice Elachi ta fito daga gundumar Nairobi, Cynthia Muge mai shekaru 24 ta fito daga gundumar Kilibwoni, Umul Ker Kassim ta fito daga gundumar Mandera, Susan Ngugi Mwindo ta fito daga Tharacki Nithi kuma Linda Sopiarto ta fito daga gwamnatin Kajiarto. 

A shekarar 2024, Gwamnan gundumar Kwale, Fatuma Achani, ta fitar da kuɗaɗen da za su samar da tallafin karatu ga ɗalibai 2,700 a Makarantun Ƙasa. Masito ta lura a matsayinta na wakiliyar mata cewa waɗannan tallafin karatu suna da matuƙar muhimmanci. 

A watan Yulin 2025, Betsy Njagi da Sakataren Majalisar Ministoci kan Blue Economy and Maritime Affairs da Harkokin Ruwa, Hassan Joho, sun buɗe sabuwar masana'antar kiwon kifi a Shimoni. Manyan mutane da aka gayyata sun haɗa da Masito da Gwamna Fatuma Achani. 

## Manazarta

## Duba kuma

* Majalisar Dokokin Kenya ta 13
Ruth Habwe

**Ruth Habwe** (ta mutu a shekarar 1996) 'yar fafutuka ce kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar ƙasar Kenya.

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
Habwe ta kasance majagaba daga cikin waɗanda ke aiki don ciyar da manufofin mata gaba a Kenya. An horar da ita a matsayin malamar makaranta a Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Kabete, daga baya ta halarci Makarantar Jeanes tare da Margaret Koinange da Muthoni Likmani. Ta kasance shugabar farko ta Maendeleo Ya Wanawake, wacce ta shugabanta daga shekarun 1968 har zuwa 1971. A lokacin mulkinta, ƙungiyar ta zartar da ƙudurori da ke kira ga abubuwa kamar ƙarin mata a fannin malaman Jami'ar Nairobi da kuma daidaita yanayin aiki.  Habwe ta tsaya takarar majalisar dokoki a shekarar 1964, ɗaya daga cikin mata kaɗan da suka ƙalubalanci mamayar maza a wannan hukumar. Shawarar ba ta kasance ba tare da jayayya ba;  ta gaza samun goyon baya daga jam'iyyar siyasarta, ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kenya, don haka ta tsaya takara a matsayin mai zaman kanta. Wannan ya fusata shugabannin jam'iyya har aka kore ta daga muƙaminta. Bugu da ƙari, wasu 'yan majalisar sun gaya mata "ta koma kicin ta dafa abinci ga 'ya'yan Mr. Habwe".  Habwe 'yar kabilar Luhya ce.  Tana da 'ya'ya biyar. 

## Manazarta
Lynne Blankenbeker

**Lynne Ferrari Blankenbeker** 'yar siyasa ce ta Amurka kuma kyaftin ɗin rundunar sojojin ruwan Amurka . 

Blankenbeker ta tsaya takarar Majalisar Wakilai ta New Hampshire a shekarar 2008, amma ta kare a matsayi na bakwai saboda mukamai biyar. Ta tsaya takara a wani zabe na musamman na Majalisar New Hampshire a shekarar 2009 bayan da Tara Reardon ta yi murabus daga kujerarta, ta kuma yi nasara. Ba ta sake tsayawa takara ba a shekarar 2012 bayan an kira ta zuwa aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka. 

A zaɓen 2018, Blankenbeker ta yi takarar kujera a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta biyu ta New Hampshire, amma ba ta yi nasara ba. Tana sake tsayawa takara a zaɓen 2020. [1]

A lokacin annobar COVID-19, an tura ta zuwa USNS  . 

## Manazarta
Janet C. Wolfenbarger

**Janet Carol Wolfenbarger** (an **haife** ta a shekara ta 1958) tsohuwar janarar sojin saman Amurka ce mai ritaya mai tauraro huɗu wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan rundunar sojojin sama na takwas daga 5 ga Yuni, 2012, zuwa 8 ga Yuni, 2015.Ita ce mace ta farko da ta kai matsayin janar mai tauraro huɗu a rundunar sojin sama. Wolfenbarger ta yi ritaya daga rundunar sojin sama bayan sama da shekaru 35 tana aiki. 

## Aikin soja
An haifi Wolfenbarger a Tampa, Florida .  An ba ta aikin koyarwa a shekarar 1980 a matsayin wacce ta kammala karatun digiri a Kwalejin Sojojin Sama ta Amurka, kuma ta fara aikinta a matsayin injiniya a sansanin sojojin sama na Eglin, Florida.  Tare da ayyukanta daban-daban, ta ci gaba da karatunta da digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar sararin samaniya da kuma ilmin sararin samaniya daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts a shekarar 1985 da kuma wani digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar dabarun albarkatun kasa daga Kwalejin Sojojin Sama ta Masana'antu a shekarar 1994. Ta kuma kammala karatun digiri a Kwalejin Sojojin Sama da Ma'aikata . Manyan kyaututtukanta da kayan ado sun hada da Legion of Merit da kuma Medal na Ayyukan Jin Daɗi . 

Wolfenbarger ita ce mace mafi girma a rundunar sojin saman Amurka, wacce aka riƙe har zuwa ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2010, ta hannun Laftanar Janar Terry Gabreski, wanda Wolfenbarger ya gaje shi a Wright-Patterson. 

A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2012, Shugaba Obama ya zaɓi Wolfenbarger don zama mace ta farko da tauraro huɗu a rundunar sojin sama.  Majalisar Dattawan Amurka ta tabbatar da hakan a ranar 26 ga Maris, 2012,  kuma ta karɓi sabon matsayinta, ta kuma zama Kwamanda, Kwamandan Kayan Rundunar Sojojin Sama, a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 2012. 

Wolfenbarger ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Beavercreek da ke Beavercreek, Ohio, a shekarar 1976. [1] Ita 'yar Eldon da Shirley Libby ce daga Paicines, California . [2] Tana da aure da Craig "Wolf" Wolfenbarger.

## Manazarta
Carmelita Vigil-Schimmenti

Birgediya Janar **Carmelita Vigil-Schimmenti** (an haife ta a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 1936)  jami'a ce mai ritaya a Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka, wacce a shekarar 1985 ta zama mace ta farko 'yar Hispanic da ta kai matsayin Birgediya Janar.    Vigil-Schimmenti ita ce Shugabar Rundunar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Sojojin Sama ta Amurka, Ofishin Babban Likitan Likita; Hedkwatar Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka, Washington, DC

## Shekarun farko
An haifi Vigil-Schimmenti a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 1936, a Albuquerque, New Mexico . Ta girma a gonar iyalinta tsakanin Edgewood da Moriarty. Ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta St. Mary a shekarar 1954. A shekarar 1957, ta sami takardar shaidar aikin jinya daga Makarantar Kula da Jinya ta Regina da ke Albuquerque.  

## Aikin soja
Vigil-Schimmenti ta shiga Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka a shekarar 1958 kuma aka tura ta zuwa Rundunar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Sojojin Sama. Daga watan Agusta na 1958 zuwa Satumba na 1960, ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a ɗakin tiyata da kuma ma'aikaciyar jinya ta janar a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta USAF Wright-Patterson, da ke Wright-Patterson a sansanin Sojojin Sama a Ohio . A lokacin da take aiki a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta USAF Wright-Patterson, ta sami damar kammala karatun ma'aikatan jinya na jirgin sama a sansanin Sojojin Sama na Gunter da ke Alabama . A shekarar 1960, an tura Vigil-Schimmenti a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya ta janar a USAF Dispensary, Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii, inda ta yi aiki har zuwa watan Mayu na 1962, lokacin da aka mayar da ita zuwa rundunar 9th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron, Tachikawa Air Base, Japan, inda ta kasance ma'aikaciyar jinya ta jirgin sama har zuwa watan Agusta na 1964. 

A watan Agusta na shekarar 1964, Vigil-Schimmenti ta tafi Jami'ar Pittsburgh kuma ta sami digirin farko na Kimiyya a shekarar 1966. A watan Yuli na shekarar 1966, an tura ta zuwa Makarantar Kimiyyar Kula da Lafiya ta Amurka, Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas, a matsayin mai koyarwa a Kwas ɗin Ƙwararrun Ayyukan Lafiya. 

### Yaƙin Vietnam
Vigil-Schimmenti ta yi aiki a Tekun Pacific a lokacin Yaƙin Vietnam . A watan Yunin 1968, an naɗa Vigil-Schimmenti, a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya mai kula da shirin kula da lafiyar makaranta da kuma ma'aikaciyar jinya ta tantance lafiyar farko a USAF Dispensary, Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, Japan. [1]

## Manazarta
Wilma Vaught

**Wilma L. Vaught** (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga Maris, 1930)  ta yi ritaya daga aikin soja na rundunar sojin saman Amurka . Ita ce mace ta farko da ta tura sojoji tare da rundunar sojin sama,  kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta kai matsayin birgediya janar daga fannin kwanturola . 

## Ilimi
Vaught ta kammala karatunta a Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Jami'ar Illinois a shekarar 1952. Ta sami digirin digirgir na Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Alabama da ke Tuscaloosa a shekarar 1968. A watan Agusta na shekarar 1972, ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama jami'ar Sojojin Sama da ta halarci Kwalejin Masana'antu ta Sojojin Sama da ke Fort Lesley J. McNair .

## Aikin soja
Vaught ta shiga aikin soja a shekarun 1950 lokacin da aka yi ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'ida kan adadin mata da za su iya shiga aikin soja da kuma ƙarfin da za su iya yi. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan manufofin sun canza a shekarar 1967 saboda ƙaruwar buƙatar albarkatun ɗan adam da yaƙin Vietnam ya haifar. Daga nan Vaught ya zama jami'i kuma aka tura shi Vietnam .

A watan Janairun 1957, an naɗa Vaught a matsayin laftanar ta biyu bayan kammala karatunta na Makarantar Horar da Jami'ai a sansanin sojojin sama na Lackland da ke San Antonio.  Daga nan ta yi watanni uku a matsayin ɗaliba a Kwalejin Jami'an Ayyukan Kididdiga a sansanin sojojin sama na Sheppard, Texas. A watan Satumba na 1957, an tura ta zuwa Rukunin Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta 805, Sansanin Sojojin Sama na Barksdale, a matsayin shugabar reshen Ayyukan Bayanai, kuma, a matsayin ƙarin aiki, ta jagoranci Sashen Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Mata . Vaught ta yi aiki a sansanin sojojin sama na Zaragoza, Spain, a matsayin shugabar Sashen Nazarin Gudanarwa, Rukunin Tallafin Yaƙi na 3974, daga Afrilu 1959 zuwa Afrilu 1963.

Bayan ta dawo Amurka, an tura ta zuwa Rukunin Tallafin Yaƙi na 306 a sansanin Sojojin Sama na McCoy, Florida, a matsayin shugabar Sashen Ayyukan Bayanai. Daga baya ta zama shugabar Sashen Nazarin Gudanarwa na Rukunin Bama-bamai na 306 (Heavy) a McCoy. A wannan lokacin, janarar ta zama mace ta farko da ta tura rundunar aiki ta Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Dabaru lokacin da ta yi rangadin aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin jami'ar zartarwa kuma shugabar Sashen Nazarin Gudanarwa, Rukunin Bama-bamai na 4133rd a sansanin Sojojin Sama na Andersen, Guam, a lokacin Operation Arc Light .

Daga watan Yunin 1967 zuwa Satumbar 1968, Vaught ta kasance ɗaliba ta digiri a Jami'ar Alabama . Shekarar ta ta gaba ta yi aiki a matsayin manazarcin gudanarwa a Ofishin Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikata, Kwamandan Rundunar Taimakon Sojoji, Vietnam (MACV), a Saigon, Jamhuriyar Vietnam. [1] Bayan kammala aikinta na Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya a watan Nuwamban 1969, an tura ta zuwa Hedkwatar Rundunar Kula da Kayayyakin Sojojin Sama, a Cibiyar Sojojin Sama ta Wright-Patterson, Ohio, a matsayin shugabar Ƙungiyar Tsare-tsare da Gudanarwa ta Ci gaba inda ta ci gaba har zuwa watan Yulin 1972. A watan Agustan 1972, Vaught ta fara halartar Kwalejin Masana'antu ta Sojojin .

## Manazarta
Jama Ali Jama

**Jama Ali Jama** ( Somali  , Arabic   ; an haife shi a kusan 1939; ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Disamba 2025  ) ɗan siyasa ne na Somaliya. Ya kasance Shugaban Puntland daga 14 ga Nuwamba, 2001, zuwa 8 ga Mayu, 2002.  Lokacin shugabancinsa ya sha bamban da rikicin Puntland (2001–2002), wanda ya fara bayan tsohon shugaban ƙasa Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed ya ƙi zaɓen Jama. A watan Mayu 2002 sojojin Habasha suka kore shi da ƙarfi suna neman naɗa shugaban hamayyarsa na siyasa. 

## Rayuwa ta farko
Jama ta fito ne daga (Muse sultan) Osman Mahmoud na Majeerteen Darod . Ya yi karatu a Moscow kuma daga baya ya shiga Sojojin Kasa na Somaliya, ya tashi zuwa matsayin Colonel.

## Ayyuka
A tsakiyar shekarun 1970s, Tarayyar Soviet ta inganta Jama a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara na kwaminisanci a Horn of Africa. Daga baya gwamnatin Mohamed Siad Barre ta daure shi na tsawon shekaru 11 bayan an zarge shi da shiga cikin juyin mulki. Jama ta amince da ita ta Amnesty International a matsayin fursuna na lamiri.

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2001, an zabi Jama a matsayin Shugaban Puntland . Koyaya, an kalubalanci matsayin tare da Shugaba Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed mai barin gado, wanda ke son a tsawaita wa'adinsa.

An kori Jama a matsayin shugaban Puntland a watan Mayu 2002 lokacin da sojojin Habasha suka taimaka wajen fitar da shi don shigar da Abdullahi Yusuf .  Yusuf ya yi amfani da "yaƙin ta'addanci" don tabbatar da aikin kuma ya yi iƙirarin Jama ta goyi bayan Al-Itihaad Al-Islamiya . Yaƙi ya ɓarke tsakanin dakarun da ke da aminci ga Yusuf da Jama a watan Janairun shekara ta 2003.

Jama daga baya ya zama dan majalisa a majalisar dokokin tarayya ta wucin gadi.

## Mutuwa
A ranar 13 ga Disamba 2025, Jama ta mutu a Landan, United Kingdom . 'Yan siyasa da yawa, ciki har da Guled Salah Barre, tsohon shugaban kasar Somaliya Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo, da kuma shugaban Puntland na yanzu, Said Abdullahi Deni, sun nuna ta'aziyyarsu ga dangin da abokai na marigayi dan siyasa.

## Manazarta
Jan Stanisław Skorupski

**Jan Stanisław Skorupski** (an Haife shi a watan Yuli 18, 1938 a Łoszniów, Podolia ) marubuci ɗan ƙasar Poland ne, mawaƙi, maƙala kuma ɗan ra'ayi.

## Rayuwa
Skorupski is an internationally recognized poet. He has engaged in a multiplicity of other activities, including being a director of an art gallery and a theatre, as well as joint founder of the international group of artists 'nula horo' and the Esperanto PEN Center. Further, he was active as a captain, commercial artist, photoreporter, and jewelry manufacturer, as well as in the mining industry. He is the author of several books, and has published poetry and music CDs. He has also appeared in numerous radio shows. His texts were published in German, Polish, and Esperanto. In 1956, Skorupski received the Young Poet Award in Warsaw. He is a Swiss citizen and lives in Zurich.

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

* Jan Stanislaw Skorupski: Cisza, Ty i ja, Warsaw 1956.
* Jan Stanislaw Skorupski: ...um unsere Würde zu wahren, Galerie Staruka polska, Berlin 1982.
* Jan Stanislaw Skorupski: yi, ut, daga. Gedichte von Kunst und Liebe. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]
* Jan Stanislaw Skorupski: ...m ya mutu Polen zu verstehen. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] , Berlin 1991.
* An yi amfani da sonnets 8784. editio L., Zurich (1995-2006) 

## Shigarwa a cikin Littafin Guinness na rikodin
A cikin 1998, an nuna Skorupski a cikin Jamusanci Edition na The Guinness Book of Records a matsayin marubucin mafi yawan sonnets (shafi na 145): Zurich (CH) marubucin Polish Jan Stanislaw Skorupsky shine marubucin mafi yawancin sonnets: Ya rubuta waƙoƙi 2928 a lokacin Janairu 1st, 1995 har zuwa Yuni 12th, 1997 a cikin harsuna biyu, Polish da Esperanto bi da bi.*Zurich (CH) marubucin Poland Jan Stanislaw Skorupski shine marubucin mafi yawan sonnets: Ya rubuta waƙoƙi 2928 a lokacin Janairu 1st, 1995 har zuwa Yuni 12th, 1997 a cikin harsuna biyu, Polish da [[Esperanto]] bi da bi.*

## Manazarta
Klara Zamenhof

**Klara Zamenhof** (née Silbernik; 6 ga Oktoba 1863 - 6 ga Disamba 1924) ta kasance Esperantist ta Poland. Ta auri L. L. Zamenhof, wanda ya kirkiro harshen Esperanto.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Klara Silbernik a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1863 a Kovno, Lithuania, sannan wani ɓangare na Daular Rasha.  Ita ce 'yar fari ta Alexander Sender Silbernik da Golda Silbernik, masu arziki Yahudawa daga Kovno.

## Gudummawa ga Esperanto
Bayan rasuwar mijinta a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 1917, ta karɓi ci gaban Esperanto. Ta ci gaba da ci gaban al'ummar da ke kewaye da yaren kuma ta goyi bayan 'yarta Lidia, wacce ta horar da ita a matsayin malamin Esperanto a Turai da Amurka.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Ta auri Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof a shekara ta 1887,  kuma ta haifi 'ya'ya uku: Adamu, Lidia, da Zofia . Dukkanin ukun 'yan Nazi ne suka kashe su.

Ta mutu a Warsaw a ranar 6 ga Disamba 1924, kuma an binne ta a Kabarin Yahudawa a can.

## Manazarta
L. L. Zamenhof

**L. L. Zamenhof** (15 Disamba 1859 - 14 Afrilu 1917) [b] shi ne mahaliccin Esperanto, harshen da aka fi amfani da shi na duniya.

Zamenhof ya buga Esperanto a 1887, kodayake ra'ayoyinsa na farko sun samo asali ne daga 1873. Ya girma yana sha'awar ra'ayin duniya ba tare da yaƙi ba kuma ya yi imanin cewa wannan na iya faruwa tare da taimakon sabon harshe na taimako na duniya (IAL).  An yi amfani da harshe a matsayin kayan aiki don tara mutane tare ta hanyar tsaka-tsaki, adalci, sadarwa mai adalci. Ya samu nasarar kafa al'umma wacce ta tsira har zuwa yau, duk da Yaƙe-yaƙe na Duniya na karni na 20  da kuma ƙoƙari daban-daban na sake fasalin harshe ko ƙirƙirar IALs na zamani (Esperanto kanta ta maye gurbin wani harshe mai irin wannan motsi, Volapük). Bugu da ƙari, Esperanto ya ci gaba kamar sauran harsuna: ta hanyar hulɗa da kerawa na masu amfani da shi.

## Sunan

Zamenhof ya fito ne daga yankin da ke da harsuna da yawa. An fassara sunansa kamar haka:

* English: Louis Lazarus Zamenhof – English pronunciation: /ˈzæmənhɒf, ˈzæmɪnhɒf, -nɒv, -nɒf/
* Esperanto: Ludoviko Lazaro Zamenhof – 
* French: Louis Lazare Zamenhof – 
* German: Ludwig (Levi) Lazarus Zamenhof – 
* Hebrew: אליעזר (לודוויג) זמנהוף, romanized: Eli'ezer Ludvig Zamenhof – 
* Lithuanian: Liudvikas Lazaris (Leizeris) Zamenhofas
* Polish: Ludwik Łazarz Zamenhof – 
* Russian: Людвик Лазарь (Лейзер) Маркович Заменгоф, romanized: Lyudvik Lazar' (Leyzer) Markovich Zamengof
* Belarusian: Людвіг Лазар Маркавіч Заменгоф (Заменгоў), romanized: Liudvih Lazar Markavič Zamienhof (Zamienhoŭ)
* Yiddish: לײזער לוי זאַמענהאָף, romanized: Leyzer Leyvi Zamenhof

An haife shi a cikin dangin Ashkenazi, a lokacin haihuwarsa, iyayensa sun ba wa Zamenhof sunan Ibrananci na gama gari *Eliezer*, wanda aka fassara zuwa Turanci zuwa *[[Lazarus (name)|Lazarus]]* . Duk da haka, tunda yankin wani ɓangare ne na Daular Rasha a lokacin, an rubuta sunansa a takardar shaidar haihuwarsa kamar Лейзер Заменгов  , ta amfani da nau'in Yiddish na sunan farko da kuma sigar sunan mahaifinsa mai russified ;  takardu da yawa  harshen Rashanci daga baya sun haɗa  sunan mahaifin Маркович « ɗan Markus » (dangane da mahaifinsa, Markus), kamar yadda al'adar ya tanada a cikin yaren. Sunan iyalinsa asalin Jamus ne kuma an rubuta shi da farko *Samenhof* ; daga baya aka fassara shi zuwa Yiddish a matsayin , sannan aka sake mayar da shi kamar *Zamenhof* . Canjin harafin farko daga «S» zuwa «Z» ba sabon abu bane, kamar yadda a Jamusanci ana furta «s» na farko .

## Manazarta
Lidia Zamenhof

**Lidia Zamenhof** ( Esperanto   ; 29 Janairu 1904 &#x2013; 1942) marubuciya ce Bayahudiya 'yar Poland, mawallafi, mai fassara kuma ƙaramar 'yar Klara Silbernik da LL Zamenhof, wanda ya ƙirƙiri Esperanto . Ta kasance mai fafutukar tallata Esperanto da kuma Homaranismo, wani nau'in ɗan adam na addini wanda mahaifinta ya fara ayyanawa.

A kusa da 1925 ta zama memba na Bangaskiyar Bahá'í .  A ƙarshen 1937 ta tafi Amurka don koyar da wannan addinin da Esperanto. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1938 ta koma Poland, inda ta ci gaba da koyarwa da fassara Rubuce-rubucen Bahá'í da yawa. An kashe ta a sansanin Treblinka a lokacin Holocaust .

## Rayuwa
Lidia Zamenhof ta koyi Esperanto tun tana yarinya 'yar shekara tara. Lokacin da take da shekaru doka sha huɗu, ta fassara daga wallafe-wallafen Poland; wallafe-finai na farko sun bayyana shekaru da yawa bayan haka. Bayan kammala karatunta na jami'a a fannin shari'a a 1925, ta sadaukar da kanta gaba ɗaya don aiki ga Esperanto. A cikin wannan shekarar a lokacin 17th World Congress of Esperanto a 1925 a Geneva ta saba da Bangaskiyar Bahá'í . Lidia Zamenhof ta zama sakatariyar kungiyar Esperanto-Society Concord a Warsaw kuma sau da yawa tana yin shirye-shirye ga masu magana da darussan. Farawa a Vienna World Congress of Esperanto a 1924 ta halarci kusan kowane Taron Duniya (ta rasa 1938 Universala Kongreso a Ingila). A matsayinta na malami na Hanyar Cseh na koyar da Esperanto ta yi tafiye-tafiye da yawa kuma ta koyar da darussan da yawa a kasashe daban-daban.

Ta yi aiki sosai tare da ƙungiyar ɗaliban Esperanto - a cikin Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Duniya, a cikin UEA, a Cibiyar Cseh, da kuma Bangaskiyar Bahá'í . Bugu da ƙari, Lidia ta rubuta don mujallar Literatura Mondo (musamman karatu a kan wallafe-wallafen Poland), kuma ta ba da gudummawa ga *[[Pola Esperantisto]]*, La *[[La Praktiko|Praktiko]]*, *[[Heroldo de Esperanto|Heroldo na Esperanto]]*, da *[[Enciklopedio de Esperanto|Enciklopedio na Esperanto]]* . An buga fassarar *[[Quo Vadis (novel)|Quo Vadis]]* ta Henryk Sienkiewicz a 1933 kuma sananne ne sosai.

## Abin Tunawa
A cikin ƙwaƙwalwarta da girmamawa, an gudanar da taro a 1995 a Gidan Tarihin Holocaust na Amurka a Washington, DC. Taron ya jawo hankali ga kokarin Esperantists na ceton Yahudawa da aka tsananta a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.

## Magana da bayyanar a cikin ayyukan al'adu
Wasan kwaikwayo na Ni vivos!  (*Za mu rayu!*) na Julian Modest ya nuna makomar iyalin Zamenhof a cikin Warsaw Ghetto . 

## Esperanto yana aiki

* Lidia Zamenhof (1931), Homo, Dio, Annabi (Mutum, Allah, Annabi)   

## Dubi kuma

* Bangaskiyar Bahá'í da kuma harshe mai taimako
* Jerin 'yan Poland § Masu adawa da Holocaust
* Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof

## Manazarta