Byllye Avery

**Byllye Yvonne Avery** (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1937) 'yar gwagwarmayar kiwon lafiya ce ta Amurka. Mai ba da shawara game da adalci na haihuwa, Avery ya yi aiki don haɓaka ayyukan kiwon lafiya da ilimi waɗanda ke magance matsalolin lafiyar mata masu baƙar fata. An fi saninta da wanda ya kafa National Black Women's Health Project, kungiyar farko ta kasa da ta kware a cikin batutuwan lafiyar mata masu baƙar fata. Don aikinta tare da NBWHP, ta sami Gidauniyar MacArthur ta Fellowship for Social Contribution da Gustav O. Lienhard Award for the Advancement of Health Care daga Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa, da sauran kyaututtuka.

## Iyali da ilimi
An haifi Avery a Waynesville, Jojiya kuma ya girma a gona a DeLand, Florida . Ita 'yar L. Alyce M. Ingram ce, malamin makaranta. Mahaifiyarta ta kammala karatu a Kwalejin Bethune-Cookman . Mahaifinta, Quitman Reddick, ya mallaki kantin sayar da unguwa. An kashe shi lokacin da Avery ke da shekaru 14. Babbar 'ya'ya uku, Avery ya ɗauki alhakin da yawa tun yana ƙarami.

Avery ta halarci kwaleji a Kwalejin Talladega kuma ta sami BA a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam a shekarar 1959.  Ta sadu da mijinta, Wesley Avery, yayin da take Kwalejin Talladega kuma sun yi aure a shekara ta 1960. 

A shekara ta 1967, Avery ta sami tallafi don samun digiri na biyu a fannin ilimi na musamman a Jami'ar Florida Gainesville . Bayan samun M.Ed. a shekarar 1969,  ta zama malamar ilimi ta musamman. A shekara ta 1970, 'yan watanni bayan fara sabon matsayinta, mijinta ya kamu da mummunan ciwon zuciya. Yana da shekaru talatin da uku kawai kuma an gano bayan mutuwarsa cewa yana da hawan jini sosai. A lokacin kuma tana da ciki da ɗansu na uku. Mutuwar mijinta ta taimaka wajen bunkasa jajircewar Avery na inganta kiwon lafiya da ilimin kiwon lafiya a cikin al'ummar baƙar fata.

Avery ta sadu da matarsa, Ngina Lythcott, a shekarar 1989, kuma biyun sun yi aure a shekarar 2005. Lythcott likitan kiwon lafiya ne kuma mai fafutuka.

## Yunkurin fafutuka
A farkon shekarun 1970s Avery ya fara shiga cikin kungiyoyin da ke wayar da kan jama'a da kuma ayyukan tura zubar da ciki na doka. Dangane da rashin samun damar zubar da ciki da sauran bukatun kiwon lafiya na haihuwa da mata baƙar fata masu karamin karfi suka fuskanta a cikin al'ummarta, Avery da abokan aikinta Joan Edelson, Judy Levy, da Margaret Parrish sun buɗe Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Mata ta Gainesville (GWHC) a cikin 1974. Ita ce asibitin zubar da ciki na farko da kula da mata a cikin birni. Sun buɗe waɗannan wuraren bayan an hana wani takarda don buɗe asibitin Planned Parenthood a Gainesville. Sanarwar manufa ta GWHC ita ce "taimaka mata su warware yanayin da ke haifar da rikici na ciki mara kyau, wanda ba a so", a farashi mai rahusa. Asibitin ya ba da zubar da ciki da sabis na hana daukar ciki, ya sauƙaƙe bitar jima'i, kuma ya ba da horo da sabis na lafiyar mata da aka tsara don matan baƙar fata, kamar gwajin anemia na sickle cell. Don taimakawa wajen ilimantar da mata kan mafi kyawun sabis na kiwon lafiya, ma'aikatan sun kirkiro wata takarda ta kowane wata da ake kira Sage-Femme .

A shekara ta 1978, Avery ta taimaka wajen gano Birthplace, wani madadin cibiyar haihuwa a Gainesville. Masu ba da takardar shaidar ma'aikatan jariri sun taimaka wa mata da haihuwa kuma Avery da kansa ya taimaka wajen haihuwar marasa lafiya ɗari kafin tafiyarta.

A cikin 1981, yayin da take aiki a cikin kwamitin daraktoci na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Mata ta Kasa, Avery ta fara aikin tsawon shekaru biyu da ake kira Black Women's Health Project . A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan aikin, Avery ta shirya Taron Batutuwan Lafiya na Mata Baƙi wanda aka gudanar a Kwalejin Spelman a watan Yunin 1983.  Mata dubu biyu sun halarci taron kwana uku. Batutuwan sun haɗa da tashin hankali na gida, ciwon sukari, cin zarafin jima'i, kiba, jima'i، haihuwa, lafiyar hankali da kuma cikakkiyar lafiya. Ta ƙarfafa masu halarta su kula da lafiyarsu ta hanyar wayar da kan jama'a, shirya al'umma game da batutuwan kiwon lafiya, da kuma jarraba kansu. Bayan taron, Avery ta kafa National Black Women's Health Project, wanda yanzu aka sani da Black Women't Health Imperative, a hukumance a 1984 a Atlanta, Georgia. Ita ce kawai kungiyar kasa da aka keɓe don inganta kiwon lafiya da lafiya tsakanin mata baƙi. NBWHP ta bude ofishin bayar da shawarwari da manufofi a Washington, DC, a cikin 1991. A shekara ta 1991, NBWHP tana da surori a jihohi ashirin da biyar kuma ta fadada damar yin aiki tare da mata a Belize, Jamaica, Afirka ta Kudu, Najeriya, da Brazil.

Da take tunawa da halin da ba shi da kyau game da jima'i tun tana yarinya, Avery ta koya wa 'ya'yanta mata su yi bikin jikinsu da haila. Lokacin da 'yarta ta farko ta cika shekaru goma sha ɗaya, Avery ta ba ta kek wanda ya karanta "Happy Birthday, Happy Menstruation!"  Ba da daɗewa ba, ta ba da bita game da haila da haihuwa a makarantar firamare ta 'yarta wanda ta haɓaka cikin fim din Becoming a Woman: Mothers and Daughters Talking to Each Other  (1987), fim na farko da mata na Afirka suka yi da ke ba da ra'ayoyinsu game da halayen haila, jima'i, da ƙauna. 

Tare da fitattun shugabannin Afirka na Amurka kamar Shirley Chisholm, Maxine Waters, Dorothy Height, da Faye Wattleton, sun bayar kuma sun sanya hannu kan wata sanarwa ta jama'a, "Mun tuna: Mata na Afirka na Amurka don 'Yanci na Haihuwa", a cikin 1989.  Sanarwar ta goyi bayan 'yancin haihuwa (ciki har da haƙƙin samun yara, haƙƙin samun damar yin amfani da ayyukan hana daukar ciki da bayanan kiwon lafiya na haihuwa, da haƙƙin kiwon lafiya da kuma zubar da ciki mai aminci da na doka.) Sanarwar da ta haɗa wariyar launin fata, talauci, da tashin hankali ga mummunan sakamako na kiwon lafiya ga mata na Afirka. An sake buga sanarwa akai-akai kuma a ƙarshe an rarraba fiye da 250,000. Har yanzu ana iya samun wannan sanarwa a cikin litattafai da yawa game da haƙƙin mata da gwagwarmaya. An ba Avery lambar yabo ta MacArthur Fellowship a wannan shekarar a fannin manufofin kiwon lafiya.

A cikin 1990, Avery, tare da wasu mata da maza goma sha biyar na Afirka, sun kafa Mata na Afirka don 'Yanci na Haihuwa. An kirkiro kungiyar ne don kawo karshen zargi game da zubar da ciki a cikin al'ummar baƙar fata da kuma sanya zubar da cikin ciki ga mata baƙar fata.

Avery ta rubuta kuma ta ba da lacca a ko'ina game da yadda kabilanci, aji da jima'i ke tasiri ga lafiyar mata. Ta kira bambancin kiwon lafiya tsakanin 'yan Afirka da fararen mata "maƙarƙashiya na shiru". Ta kasance abokiyar ziyara a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Jami'ar Harvard; ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Yarjejeniyar don Ofishin Bincike kan Lafiyar Mata na Cibiyoyin Lafiyar Kasa; ta kasance mai ba da shawara kan batutuwan kiwon lafiya ga Shirin Jagorancin Duniya na Gidauniyar Kellogg; kuma ta yi aiki ne a matsayin mai ba da shawarar kula da lafiyar mata a Latin Amurka, Caribbean da Afirka

## Kyaututtuka da karbuwa

## Littattafan da aka zaɓa

* Pdf.
* Avery, Byllye Y. "Rashin numfashi a cikin kanmu". Feminism and Community (1995): 147.
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] **. New York: Broadway.   ISBN&nbsp;
* Avery, Byllye. "Wane ne ke yin aikin kiwon lafiyar jama'a?." *Jaridar kiwon lafiyar jama'a ta Amurka* 92.4 (2002): 570-575.

## Manazarta