Ammar ibn Yasir

**Abu 'l-Yaqẓān 'Ammar bn Yasir bn 'Amir bin Malik al-Ansīy al-Maḏḏḥiǧī**      ) wanda aka fi sani da **Abū 'l-Yaqẓān 'Ammār ibn Sumayya**  (    ) ya kasance daya daga cikin Muhajirai a tarihin Musulunci  kuma saboda sadaukarwar sa da ya yi ga tafarkin Musulunci, ana daukar sa a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kusancin sahabban Annabi Muhammad da Musulmai ; don haka yana da matsayi mafi girma a Musulunci.   

Dan kabilar Banu Makhzum ne, an haifi Ammar a shekara ta Ɗari biyar da sittin 567) bayan Hijira. ga Yasir bn Amir da Sumayyah bint Khayyat, wadanda aka kashe su duka. Ammar tun yana karami ya musulunta bisa gayyatar Abubakar, ya zama daya daga cikin farkon musulmi .   Ya zama daya daga cikin fitattun sahabban Annabi Muhammad ta hanyar shiga duk fadace-fadacen sojansa da yake-yakensa.  A tarihi Ammar bn Yasir shi ne musulmi na farko da ya fara gina masallaci . 

Bayan mutuwar Annabi Muhammad, Ammar ya kasance mai biyayya ga Ali, kuma musulmi 'yan Shi'a suna kiransa daya daga cikin Sahabbai Hudu .  Musulmai sun dauki karshen Ammar a matsayin abin da ya kebanta da shi a cikin kaddarorin sahabban Annabi Muhammad, domin sun fahimci mutuwarsa a yakin Siffin a matsayin babban mai bambancewa tsakanin salihai da masu zunubi a Fitina ta farko. 

## Kafin Musulunci
Ammar na kabilar Banu Makhzum ne a Hijaz ( Saudiyya a yau). An haife shi ne a shekarar giwaye wato shekarar da aka haifi Annabi Muhammad a Makka kuma yana daya daga cikin masu shiga tsakani a auren Annabi Muhammad da Khadijah bint Khuwaylid . Mahaifinsa Yasir bn Amir dan kabilar Qahtan ne a kasar Yaman ya yi hijira zuwa Makka ya zauna a can bayan ya auri Sumayyah bint Khayyat, kuyanga; Ammar da iyayensa, Yasir da Sumayyah, bayi ne ga Abu Huzaifa, amma bayan rasuwarsa, Abu Jahl - wanda daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin manyan makiyan Musulunci, kuma fitaccen mai azabtar da Ammar da iyayensa - ya dauke su a matsayin bayinsa. Amincewar Ammar da sanin amincin Annabi Muhammadu, tun kafin Annabcinsa, sun ƙarfafa shi ya bi wahayin annabcin Annabi Muhammadu a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin farkon masu tuba.   

## Bayan musulunta
Ammar ya musulunta a shekara ta 614 ko 615.  Wannan ya zo dai-dai da lokacin da kuraishawa suke muzgunawa musulmi masu karamin karfi.  Kamar yadda Ammar ya gaya wa jikansa daga baya: “Na haɗu da Suhayb bn Sinan a ƙofar gidan Al-Arqam alhalin Manzon Allah yana cikinsa. Na tambaye shi, 'Me kake so?' Ya ce mini, 'Me kike so?' Na amsa, 'Ina so in je wurin Annabi Muhammad in ji abin da yake cewa.' Ya ce, 'Haka nake so.' Muka shiga ya gabatar mana da musulunci muka musulunta. Sai muka yini har yamma muka fita muna boye.”  Mahaifin Ammar da mahaifiyarsa da kuma ɗan'uwansa su ma sun musulunta, duk da cewa ba bisa gayyatar Abubakar ba. 

A lokacin da Kuraishawa suka san musuluntar iyalan Yasir, suna cikin “Wadanda aka azabtar da su a Macca don su yi watsi da su”.  Mutanen Makhzum sun kasance suna fitar da Ammar bn Yasir tare da mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa a cikin zafin rana suna fitar da su ga yanayin Makka da ya wuce kima suna azabtar da su a cikin wuta ta bude wuta, Annabi Muhammad ya kasance yana wucewa ta wajensu. Kuma ka ce: “Ku yi haƙuri, ya mutãnen Yasir! Wurin haduwarku Aljanna ce”  da “Ya wuta! Ki kasance mai sanyi da cutarwa ga Ammar kamar yadda kika zama mai sanyi da rashin cutarwa ga Annabi Ibrahim. sakamakon haka Ammar ya samu tabo a jikinsa daga azabar da ake yi masa har tsawon rayuwarsa.  

An azabtar da Ammar “har bai san me yake cewa ba” kamar yadda abokinsa Suhayb ya yi; a cikin wannan hali, a ƙarshe ya zagi Annabi Muhammadu kuma ya yi magana mai kyau game da gumakan arna. Daga nan sai ya je wurin Annabi Muhammad ya yi furuci da renon sa. Annabi Muhammad ya ce, "Yaya kake samun zuciyarka?" Ammar ya amsa da cewa har yanzu musulmi ne a zuciyarsa, Annabi Muhammad yace komai lafiya. Ayar Kur'ani, " *wani wanda aka tilasta masa ya aikata wanda zuciyarsa ta tsaya a kan imaninta* " (16:106), tana nufin Ammar.   Mahaifiyar Ammar Abu Jahl ne ya kashe ta saboda kin barin Musulunci: ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi shahada .  An saukar da ayoyin farko na Suratul Ankabut (Babi na 29: gizo-gizo) a matsayin martani ga wannan lamari mai ban tausayi. 

Domin tsira daga azabar mutanen Makka a lokacin, ibn Saad  da Ibn Ishaq  sun ruwaito cewa Ammar ya tafi Abisiniya a shekara ta 616.

### Yaki a karkashin Muhammadu

 
Ammar ya kasance daya daga cikin mayaka kadan da suka halarci babban yakin farko na Musulunci, wato yakin Badar, duk da tsananin yanayi na ban mamaki a lokacin;  da sadaukar da kai, ya ci gaba da shiga cikin yaqe-yaqe masu tsanani da musulmi ko da bayan wafatin Annabi Muhammad. 

Baya ga babbar rawar da ya taka a yakin Musulunci na soja, wannan lamari a rayuwar Annabi Muhammad ya kasance mafi muhimmanci -a tarihi- ga musulmi: yayin da ʻAmmār ke halartar ginin masallacin Annabi a Madina, (ya nakalto hadisi ) “[kuma ya] ya shigo. Sa'ad da suka cika masa tubali suna cewa, 'Suna kashe ni. Suna ɗora mini kaya waɗanda ba za su iya ɗaukar kansu ba.' Ummu Salama matar Annabi ta ce: “Na ga Manzon Allah yana gudu hannunsa yana da gashi-domin shi mai lankwasa ne – sai ya ce: “Kaito Ibn Sumayya! Bã su kashe ku ba, fãce ƙungiyar mutãne fasiƙanci ne. . . . Yanzu yana da sanda a hannunsa, sai manzon Allah ya fusata ya ce, 'Me ke tsakanin su da Ammar? Yana kiran su zuwa Aljanna, alhali kuwa suna kiran sa zuwa ga wuta.”   Waɗannan rahotannin, waɗanda Ahlus-Sunnah da Shi'a suke ganin ingantattu, daga baya za su kasance masu mahimmanci yayin batun maye gurbi musamman wajen tafsirin mutuwar Ammar a yakin Siffin.

## Matsayin bayan rasuwar Muhammad

A karkashin Umar, ya zama gwamnan Kufa, amma daga baya aka cire shi daga mulki. 

A lokacin zaben Uthman bn Affan da shura suka yi, kafin daga bisani Ammar ya yi hasashen rikicin da ke tafe idan aka zabe wani sai Ali ya ce: “Idan ba ku son kawo sabani a tsakanin musulmi, to ku bayar da mubaya'a ga Ali".  Dangantakar Ammar da Uthman bn Affan ta lalace; ko da yake an ce za a iya cece-ku-ce kan yadda suke yi da juna. 

### Yakin Rakumi
Kafin faruwar yaqin Rakumi, an kafa shura a yunqurin tantance wanda zai gaje shi bayan wafatin Usman;  a wannan taron, mahalarta ba su amince ba game da ko ramuwar gayya ga kisan Usman ya zama wajibi ko a'a. Rahoton `Alqama b. Waqqas al-Laythi na Kinana ya nuna cewa ʻAmmār ya ce kada su nemi fansa.  Madelung ya fassara halayen Ammar a wannan taron yana nuna muradinsa na hana Talha samun mulki saboda Talha yana goyon bayan neman ramuwar gayya. Ammar ba zai so haka ba tunda "ya kasance mafi himma wajen tunzura 'yan tawaye daukar mataki". 

Yayin da yakin ke ci gaba, Ammar ya ci gaba da nuna goyon bayansa ga Ali ta hanyoyi da dama. Ali ya fara tura shi tare da al-Hasan zuwa Kufa domin su yi kokarin hada kan Kufan domin su taimaka a yakin da ke tafe.  A cewar wani rahoto da al-Tabari ya rubuta, ʻAmmār an tambayi Ammar lokacin da ya isa saboda ya halarci kisan Usman; duk da haka, ya ci gaba da kokarin shawo kan gwamna Abu Musa kan ya dauki matsaya maimakon ya ci gaba da nuna rashin son kai a rikicin.  Al-Tabari ya ruwaito yadda Abu Musa ya kwadaitar da Kufan da su kasance cikin tsaka mai wuya saboda ba ya son shiga cikin fada tsakanin musulmi, sannan kuma ya yi imanin cewa har yanzu al’ummar musulmi suna bin Usman ne saboda ba a bayyana sunan wani sabon magaji ba. Ƙarin watsa wannan waki’ar bai faɗi abin da Ammār ya yi wa Usman ba, maimakon haka ya mayar da hankali ga aniyarsa ta tilastawa Abu Musa aiki.   A lokacin yakin, Ammar ya yi yaki a bangaren Ali. Al-Tabari ya haxa a cikin tarihinsa wani kissa  wanda a cikinsa aka gaya wa al-Zubayr cewa ʻAmmār yana yaƙi tare da Ali, kuma wannan ilimin ya sa al-Zubair ya ji tsoro domin ya kasance tare da Muhammad da ʻAmār lokacin da Muhammadu ya gaya wa ʻAmmār cewa. za a kashe shi da “mugayen gungun mutane”.  Al-Tabari ya sake hada da rahotanni da yawa na wannan lamari, wanda a wannan yanayin wani lokaci ne a lokacin yakin da 'Ammār da al-Zubayr suka yi arangama da juna.  A cikin duka bayanan ʻAmmār ya tunkari al-Zubayr don ya kai masa hari, lokacin da al-Zubayr ke magana. A cikin rahoton Umar b. Shabbah, al-Zubayr ya tambayi ʻAmmār, "Shin kana so ka kashe ni?"  Amma a cikin haka daga Amir b. Hafs, al-Zubayr ya tambaya, "Shin za ka kashe ni, Abu al Yaqzan?"  A cikin duka rahotannin, ʻAmmār ba ya da kyau. A karshen yakin da aka yi nasara a bangaren Ali, Ali ya umurci 'Ammar da Muhammad bn Abi Bakr da su cire Aisha daga rakuminta, su kai ta gidan Abdallah bn Khalaf al-Khuza I a Basrah ;  saboda Al-Tabari ya nanata kawo rahotanni da yawa daga masu watsawa daban-daban, irin wannan bambance-bambance a daidaitattun bayanan abubuwan da suka faru -a wancan lokacin- ya sa ba a bayyana yanayin taron ʻAmmār da 'A'ishah da aka ruwaito ba. ʻA'ishah tana adawa da `Ammār,  yayin da wani rahoto daga baya ya kwatanta su biyun da cewa sun fi dacewa da juna. 

### Shahada a Yakin Siffin
Yayin da yake yin dabarar yadda za a yi galaba a kan sojojin Muawiyah na I, Ali ya tara gungun manyan masu mulki na Musulunci da suka hada da ʻAmmār, Hashim ibn Utbah, da Qays ibn Sa’d, wanda gaba xaya, suka kwadaitar da Ali ya yi jihadi da gangan wanda suke ganin ya yi. zama cikin kuskure.  Shi ma Malik Al-Ashtar ya fadi wannan ra'ayi (duk da haka a wani lamari na daban).  Daga baya a yakin, an kawo sunan Ammār a lokacin da ake ƙoƙarin yin sulhu tsakanin Ali, wanda Shabath ibn Rib'i ya wakilta, da Mu'awiya.   An ruwaito cewa Shabath ya tambayi Mu'awiya, "Shin zai faranta maka rai Ya Mu'awiya, idan aka ba ka iko a kan 'Ammar, ka kashe shi?"  Martanin Mu’awiya ya ce, “Me zai hana? Amma wallahi da a ce an ba ni mulki a kan Ibn Sumayya, da ba zan kashe shi don daukar fansa ga Usman [kawai] ba face Natil maula Usman”. Martanin Shabath ya kasance na karewa da kare ʻAmmār. A yakin Siffin a Al-Sham, Ali ya nada ʻAmmar a matsayin shugaban sojojin kasan Kufan, kuma a rana ta uku na yakin ya yi kokarin kwadaitar da dakarunsa zuwa ga nasara ta hanyar tunatar da su irin ta'asar Mu'awiya da dakarunsa.  Daga karshe ʻAmmār ya yi shahada a yakin da sojojin Mu’awiya bn Abi Sufyan suka yi a shekara ta 657. 

Hanzala bin Khawalid yana cewa:

Ina zaune tare da Mu'awiya. Mutane biyu ne suka yi ta gwabzawa kan kan Ammar bin Yassar. Kowannensu yana cewa "Na kashe Ammar." Sai Abdullahi bn Amr ya ce: “Kowanenku yana farin ciki da kashe wannan mutum, hakika na ji daga Annabi yana cewa: Ya Ammar ‘yan tawaye za su yi shahada. 

Ikrima ya ruwaito cewa: Ibn Abbas ya ce masa da Ali binu Abdullahi su je wurin Abu Sa’id su saurari wasu ruwayoyinsa; Sai suka tafi (sai suka ga) Abu Sa'id da ɗan'uwansa suna ban ruwa a gonarsu. Da ya gansu sai ya nufo su ya zauna ya zare kafafunsa ya nannade cikin rigarsa ya ce: (Lokacin da ake aikin ginin masallacin Annabi) mun dauki ado na masallaci, bulo daya a daya. yayin da 'Ammar ya kasance yana ɗaukar biyu a lokaci ɗaya. Sai Manzon Allah (saww) ya wuce wajen Ammar ya cire masa kurar da ke kansa, ya ce: “Allah Ya yi wa Ammar Rahma. Ƙungiya mai tayar da hankali za ta kashe shi. Ammar zai kira su zuwa ga Allah, kuma su kira shi zuwa ga wuta. ( Sahihul Bukhari hadisi na 2812).

Yayin da rahotanni suka bambanta dangane da ainihin shekarun Ammar, yawancin suna sanya shi shekaru casa'in ko fiye.  Madelung ya sanya shi yana da shekaru sama da 90;  yayin da Hasson ya ce yana wani wuri tsakanin 90 da 94.  A cewar wani rahoto Tabari ya bayar, `Abdallah b. Amr ya tambayi mahaifinsa, ʻAmr b.al-As, game da kashe ʻAmmār. Abdallah ya ambaci hadisin da Muhammadu ya gaya wa ʻAmmār cewa “ƙungiyar masu cin zarafi” za su kashe shi.  Amr ya kawo wannan damuwa ga Mu'awiya wanda martaninsa shine "Shin mu ne muka kashe 'Ammar? Sai dai wadanda suka kawo shi nan”. An ce Ali bn Abi Talib ya amsa cewa idan ya kashe Ammar to Muhammadu shi ne ya kashe Hamza bn Abdul-Muddalib . 

Muhammad ya nufi Ammar bn Yasir a matsayin daya daga cikin sahabbai hudu da ya kamata musulmi su kula da shiriyarsu da kuma kasancewarsu wadanda aka yi alkawarin aljanna .  

Lokacin da Ammar ya rasu, Mu'awiya ya kira shi da "ɗayan hannun dama Ali" da ɗayan kuma Malik al-Ashtar . Madelung ya nakalto Al-Tabari ta hanyar ruwaito abin da Mu’awiya ya gaya wa mabiyansa bayan ya kashe wani sahabi mai aminci ga Imam Ali, Malik al-Ashtar : “Ali b. Abi Talib yana da hannayen dama biyu. An yanke daya daga cikinsu a Siffin', ma'ana `Ammār b. Yasir, 'da sauran yau', ma'ana al-Ashtar"  Duk da tsokanar Mu'awiya, ʻAli ibn Abi Talib, Halifa a lokacin, yana matuqar daraja goyon bayan Ammar bn Yasir da Malik al-Ashtar duk da haka.  Ali ya yi jimamin rashin Ammar sosai. 

Haramin Ammar, kafin a ruguza shi, musulmi ne sukan kai ziyara tare da karrama shi. 

An yi wa tsohon shugaban Falasdinawa Yasser Arafat laqabi da "Abu Ammar" bayan Ammar bn Yasser. 

### Wulakanta gidan ibada
Musulmai sun yi Allah   wadai da rugujewar wurin ibadar Ammar kuma ya haifar da bacin rai a sassa daban-daban na duniyar musulmi .  

## Duba kuma

* Rushewar wuraren tarihi na Musulunci na farko a Saudiyya
* Jerin zirga-zirgar Annabi Muhammad
* Uwais al-Qarani

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Tarihin Ammar bin Yasir