Suzanne Simard

**Suzanne Simard** wata farfesa ce a sashen nazarin gandun daji da kare muhalli kuma tana koyarwa a jami’ar British Columbia .  Ta samu digirinta na uku a fannin kimiyyar gandun daji a jami’ar jihar Oregon.  Kafin fara koyarwa a jami'ar British Columbia, Simard yayi aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyyar bincike a ma'aikatar gandun daji ta British Columbia. 

Simard sananniya ce ga binciken da ta gudanar kan hanyoyin sadarwa na ƙarƙashin kasa na gandun dazuzzuka waɗanda ke da fungi da asalinsu.  Tana kuma nazarin yadda waɗannan fungi da tushen suka saukaka sadarwa da hulɗa tsakanin bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire na yanayin ƙasa.  Tsakanin sadarwa tsakanin bishiyoyi da tsirrai akwai musayar carbon, ruwa, abubuwan gina jiki da sigina na kariya tsakanin bishiyoyi.  Simard kuma jagora ne na TerreWEB, shirin da aka tsara don horar da ɗaliban da suka kammala karatunsu da kuma andwararrun Likitocin Post-Doctoral a cikin kimiyyar canjin duniya da sadarwa.  

Ta kuma yi amfani da carbon mai aiki da iska don auna yawo da raba carbon tsakanin kowane bishiya da jinsuna, kuma ta gano cewa birch da Douglas fir suna raba carbon. Bishiyoyin Birch suna karɓar ƙarin carbon daga Douglas firs lokacin da bishiyoyin suka rasa ganyensu, kuma bishiyoyin Birch suna ba da carbon ga Douglas fir bishiyoyin da suke cikin inuwa.

## Bishiyar uwa
Simard ta taimaka wajen gano wani abu da ake kira bishiyar hub, ko "bishiyar uwa". Itatuwan uwa sune manyan bishiyoyi a cikin dazuzzuka waɗanda ke zama cibiya ta tsakiya don manyan cibiyoyin sadarwa na ƙasa da ƙasa. Itaciyar uwa tana tallafawa shuke- shuken ta hanyar kamuwa da su da fungi tare da samar musu da abubuwan gina jiki da suke buƙatar shuka. 

Ta gano cewa Douglas Firs na samar da carbon ga jaririn firs. Ta gano cewa akwai karin carbon da aka aika wa jaririn firs wanda ya fito daga wannan takamaiman itacen uwar, fiye da bazuwar firs ɗin yara waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da wannan takamaiman itacen fir. Hakanan an gano cewa uwayen bishiyoyi suna canza tsarin asalinsu don samar da dakin bishiyoyin jarirai. 

## Hadin gwiwar Interspecies
Simard ta gano cewa "bishiyoyin fir suna amfani da yanar gizo fungal wajen siyar da abinci mai gina jiki tare da bishiyoyin a tsawon lokacin".  Misali, nau'ikan bishiyoyi na iya baiwa juna rancen sugars yayin da rashi ke faruwa tsakanin canjin yanayi. Wannan musayar mai fa'ida ce musamman tsakanin bishiyoyi masu daddawa da coniferous yayin da karancin kuzarinsu ke faruwa a lokuta daban-daban. Fa'idar "wannan haɗin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa da ke haɗin gwiwa ya bayyana ya fi kyau a kan dukkan kiwon lafiya, ƙarin cikakkun hotuna, da ƙarfin jurewa yayin fuskantar rikici".  

## Sadarwar kimiyya

Suzanne Simard lauya ce kan harkokin sadarwa . A Jami'ar British Columbia ta fara tare da takwarorinsu Dr. Julia Dordel da Dokta Maja Krzic na Sadarwar  Kimiyya ta TerreWEB,  wacce ke horar da daliban da suka kammala karatunsu don su zama masu sadarwa a cikin bincikensu tun daga shekara ta 2011. Simard ta bayyana a wasu dandamali da ba na kimiyya ba da kuma kafofin yada labarai, kamar gajeren shirin *Do Do sadarwa*,  tattaunawa uku na TED    da kuma shirin fim din mai suna *Bishiyoyi masu Hankali*,  inda ta bayyana tare da dan wasan gaba da marubuci Peter Wohlleben.

## Al'adu sanannu
Rayuwar Simard da aikinsa sun kasance a matsayin babban abin wahayi ga Patricia Westerford, babban ɗabi'a a cikin littafin Richard Powers '2018 Pulitzer Prize lashe littafin *The Overstory*, wanda Westerford ya gabatar da ra'ayin mai rikitarwa cewa bishiyoyi na iya sadarwa da juna, kuma' yan uwansu masana kimiyya sun yi masa ba'a kafin daga karshe a tabbatar da shi.  

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗin waje

* Suzanne Simard: Yadda bishiyoyi ke magana da juna | TED Magana 2016-07-22 - Gabatarwar bidiyo tana bayanin abubuwan da ta gano
* “Bishiyoyin Uwa” Suna Amfani da Tsarin Sadarwa na Gurza don Kula Da Dazuzzuka 
* Tashar fim ta "Bishiyoyi Masu Hankali" waɗanda ke nuna Suzanne Simard da Peter Wohlleben
* Rayuwar zamantakewar dazuzzuka