Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2024

**Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi na 2024** ko taron bangarorin UNFCCC, wanda aka fi sani da COP29, shi ne taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya karo na 29. An gudanar da shi ne a filin wasa na Baku Olympic Stadium a Baku, Azerbaijan, daga ranar 11 zuwa 22 ga Nuwamba, 2024 Mukhtar Babayev ya shugabanci, yayin da Samir Nuriyev ya jagoranci kwamitin shirya gasar.

Taron ya kammala tare da yarjejeniya kan shirye-shiryen kudi don rage tasirin canjin yanayi da kuma taimakawa Kasashe masu tasowa su sauya zuwa hanyoyin samar da Makamashi mai ɗorewa. Dokoki da rajistar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya an amince da su don sauƙaƙewa da yin rikodin kasuwancin duniya na ƙididdigar carbon.

Zaɓin Azerbaijan a matsayin wurin taron ya kasance mai kawo rigima saboda babban mai samar da man fetur da iskar gas ce kuma tana da cin hanci da rashawa mai yawa,    tare da "abokan hulɗa" da yawa na COP29 kasancewa kasuwancin kai tsaye mallakar Shugaban Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, ko kuma an haɗa shi da kasuwancin iyalin Aliyev.

## Tarihi
Azerbaijan ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Paris - yarjejeniya a cikin Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC) - a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2016 .  An tabbatar da shi a ranar 9 ga Janairun 2017,  kuma ya fara aiki a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu 2017.

A watan Janairun 2024, an nada Mukhtar Babayev, jami'in kamfanin mai mallakar jihar Azeri SOCAR kuma Ministan Muhalli da albarkatun kasa, a matsayin shugaban COP29. An ruwaito cewa Azerbaijan ta biya Kamfanin PR na New York Teneo dala miliyan 4.7 don gudanar da alaƙar jama'a don taron.

## Tattaunawa game da zaɓin wuri

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2023, an sanar da Azerbaijan a matsayin mai karbar bakuncin taron. An gudanar da shi a kan jadawalin juyawa, taron koli na shekara-shekara na COP ya shirya ta wata al'ummar Gabashin Turai. Koyaya, Reuters ta ba da rahoton cewa, a lokacin taron COP28 da ya gabata a Dubai, ƙasashen Gabashin Turai sun amince da tallafawa tayin Azerbaijan don fitowar 2024

Masu sukar sun yi jayayya cewa karbar bakuncin COP29 a Azerbaijan bai dace ba saboda rashin rikodin haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasar da kuma zargin Nagorno-Karabakh_Armenians#Genocide_and_ethnic_cleansing_accusations" id="mwhA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians">Tsabtace kabilanci ga yawan Armeniya a yankin Nagorno-Karabakh .  Sun kuma nuna cewa Azerbaijan Babban mai samar da man fetur ce, tare da gwamnati mai iko da ke da alaƙa da cin hanci da rashawa,  kuma sun ga zaɓin ba da haƙƙin karɓar bakuncin COP29 ga ƙasar a matsayin hanyar da za ta wanke sunanta.  

Bugu da ƙari, an nuna damuwa game da zalunci na gwamnati ga 'yan jarida da masu gwagwarmayar muhalli kafin taron, yana nuna hana' 'yancin magana da jama'a. Michael Rubin, babban jami'i a Cibiyar Kasuwancin Amurka, ya rubuta cewa COP29 ya yi barazanar halatta gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Shugaba Ilham Aliyev ta Azerbaijan, yana kwatanta abin da ya faru da cin zarafin siyasa na wasannin Olympics na 1936 na gwamnatin Adolf Hitler.  'Yan jarida da masu yaki da cin hanci da rashawa sun kuma soki cin hanci leki mai yawa da ke faruwa a kasar, tare da "abokan hulɗa" na COP29 su ne kasuwancin da ko dai mallakar kai tsaye ne ko kuma suna da alaƙa da iyalin Aliyev.

Amnesty International ta ce Yarjejeniyar Kasar Mai Karɓar Baƙi (HCA) tsakanin Azerbaijan da UNFCCC ya kamata ta haɗa da shirye-shiryen da za su tabbatar da cewa "dukkanin haƙƙin ɗan adam an kare su kuma an girmama su", kuma dole ne a bayyana su ga jama'a nan da nan, suna ambaton take take hakkin ɗan adam na Azerbaijan. Kungiyar kare hakkin ta kwatanta da halin da ake ciki a lokacin COP28, wanda Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta shirya, tana mai cewa ta yi kokari da yawa don samun HCA da aka sanya hannu a watan Agusta 2023. Amnesty ta karɓi kwafin HCA na COP28 a watan Yunin 2024, kuma ta bayyana cewa tana da "manyan gazawar da rashin tabbas" a cikin kariya ta haƙƙin da aka ba mahalarta a Dubai.

A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2024, mai fafutukar yanayi Greta Thunberg ta halarci wani taro a Tbilisi, babban birnin Georgia, don nuna rashin amincewa da karbar bakuncin taron COP29 na Azerbaijan. Thunberg da sauran masu fafutuka sun soki gwamnatin Azerbaijan mai zalunci, da kuma amfani da taron don "greenwash" cin zarafin 'yancin ɗan adam. Ta kira shi "ba daidai ba" don gudanar da tattaunawar yanayi a cikin "petrostate mai iko" a cikin karuwar hayaki da rikicin yanayi.

Shugaban Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev ya bayyana zargi a matsayin "kamfen mai laushi" kuma ya ce "[ba zai iya] hana mu cimma burinmu mai daraja don magance mummunan tasirin canjin yanayi ba". 

## Tattaunawar Pre-COP29
A Taron Canjin Yanayi a Bonn a watan Yunin 2024, duk da sakamako mai kyau a kan Sabon Manufar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdiga (NCQG) da alamun daidaitawa don COP29,  an sami iyakantaccen ci gaba akan aiwatar da Mataki na 6 na Yarjejeniyar Paris, tare da batutuwan da ba a warware su ba game da tsarin bashi na carbon da guje wa fitarwa.  A wannan lokacin, Babban Sakataren Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Simon Stiell, ya jaddada bukatar ƙarin aiki don magance waɗannan batutuwan kafin COP29.

A watan Yulin 2024, Azerbaijan ta ba da sanarwar kafa Asusun Ayyukan Kudi na Yanayi (CFAF), asusun da ke da niyyar neman dala biliyan 1 a cikin gudummawar shekara-shekara daga kasashe da kamfanoni masu samar da man fetur, wanda za a sake saka hannun jari a cikin makamashi mai sabuntawa da tallafawa ayyukan yanayi a Kasashe masu tasowa; rabin albarkatun daga CFAF za a ba da rahoton cewa za a raba su ga tsare-tsaren kasa don cika burin da Yarjejeniyar Paris ta kafa. 20% na jimlar kudaden shiga za a ware su ga Cibiyar Gudanar da Kudin Saurin (2R2F) don tallafawa bala'i.

A ranar 10 da 11 ga Oktoba, Azerbaijan ta dauki bakuncin taron shekara-shekara na Pre-COP don fara tattaunawa kafin COP29. Taron, wanda ya kewaye da taken "Ƙarfafa burin da tabbatar da Ayyuka", an buɗe shi tare da Shugaban da aka zaba na COP29, Shugaba Sultan Al Jaber na COP28, da Mataimakin Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Amina J. Mohammed .  Baƙi sun tattauna abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci kamar buƙatar sabon burin kudi na yanayi don maye gurbin tsohon burin dala biliyan 100, cikakken kunna Asusun Asusun asarar da lalacewa - wanda aka kafa a lokacin COP27 a Sharm El Sheikh - , da kuma goyon baya ga al'ummomin da ke fama da rauni. Tattaunawar ta haɗa da sabuntawa na Ƙaddamar da Gudummawar Ƙasa (NDCs) daga ƙasashe da kuma kammala jagororin ga kasuwannin carbon a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 6 na Yarjejeniyar Paris. Shugabannin sun jaddada bukatar rufe dumamar yanayi a 1.5 ° C, kamar yadda bayanai daga Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka ba da shawarar cewa Alkawuran yanayi na yanzu na iya ba da damar karuwar 2.9 ° C gaba ɗaya.

## Manazarta