Magajin garin Comerford

**Mary Eva Comerford** (2 ga Yuni 1893 - 15 ga Disamba 1982) 'yar jam'iyyar Republican ce daga Gundumar Wexford . A matsayinta na memba na Cumann na mBan, ta shaida abubuwan da suka faru daga 1916 zuwa 1923 kuma ta taka rawa sosai a Yaƙin 'Yanci na Ireland . Ta yi adawa da Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Irish ta 1921. A lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Ireland, ta yi yaƙi da Irish Free State, inda aka tsare ta aka raunata ta da bindiga, sannan ta shiga yajin cin abinci. Daga baya ta zama 'yar jarida ga *The Irish Press* . Comerford ta ci gaba da zama mai adawa da raba gari da Free State har zuwa mutuwarta. An buga tarihin rayuwarta game da lokacin juyin juya halin Irish, *On Dangerous Ground*, bayan mutuwarta a 2021.  Jaridar Burtaniya, *The Daily Mail*, ta kira ta "Jeanne d'Arc na manufar Republican". 

## Rayuwar farko

An haifi Comerford a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1893 a Rathdrum, County Wicklow .  Iyayenta su ne James Comerford, mai niƙa fulawa da masara wanda ya mallaki Comerford Mill, da Eva Mary Esmonde. Tana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu (Thomas da Alexander) da kuma 'yar'uwa ɗaya (Dymphna). An ba kakanta na mahaifiyarta, Thomas Esmonde, lambar yabo ta VC saboda jarumtaka a Yaƙin Crimea a 1854. Da ya dawo Ireland, ya shiga Royal Irish Constabulary kuma aka ɗaukaka shi zuwa mataimakiyar babban sufeto. An tura ta da 'yan'uwanta zuwa makarantar sufaye da ke Athlone inda aka koya mata tarihin Irish da yaren Irish.  Comerford mai hawan doki ce kuma mai keke, tana nuna irin wannan jarumtaka da rashin kulawa a kowannensu. 

Mahaifinta ya mutu yana da shekara 16 kuma a shekarar 1911 aka tura ta zuwa makarantar sakatariya ta Landan . A wannan lokacin ta zauna a ƙungiyar mata da ke Eccles Place. Ta koma Ireland don zama tare da mahaifiyarta a gidan kawunta da ke Wexford, TL Esmonde. A kusan shekarar 1915, mahaifiyarta ta yi hayar gida a Courtown, County Wexford, don kafa makaranta.

## Lokacin juyin juya hali na farko
Comerford tana Dublin a lokacin barkewar tashin Ista a Dublin kuma ta yi aikin sa kai don taimaka wa Countess Markievicz a St Stephen's Green, amma ba a karɓi tayinta ba. Ta ɗauki aika saƙonni zuwa sansanin GPO . Comerford ta koma Gorey bayan tashin Tashi kuma ta shiga reshen Sinn Féin na gida inda ta yi aiki tare da Sean Etchingham .

Ta goyi bayan fursunonin da aka tsare a shekarar 1916 da kuma sake tsara jam'iyyar Sinn Féin wadda ta fara a shekarar 1917. Bayan sakin Markievicz daga bauta a Ingila da kuma rangadin nasara a Dublin a watan Yunin 1917, Comerford ta haɗu da ita a Liberty Hall .  Comerford ta koma Dublin jim kaɗan kafin babban zaɓen 1918, inda ta yi aiki a kan yakin neman zaɓen Roger Sweetman . A ranar 21 ga Janairun 1919 ta halarci Zagaye Ɗakin a Gidan Mansion, inda ta shaida ƙirƙirar First Dáil ta hanyar 27 TDs da ke wurin. 

Daga lokacin bazara na 1919 har zuwa bayan sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar, Comerford ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariya ga masanin tarihin ƙasa kuma marubuciya Alice Stopford Green kuma ta zauna a gidanta da ke lamba 90 St Stephen's Green, a tsakiyar Dublin. [1] [2] A shekarar 1920 an tura ta zuwa Gundumar Leitrim don yin aiki tare da shugabannin IRA na gida kan al'amuran ƙungiya. [3] A Leitrim, Comerford ta fara rassan Cumann Na mBan da yawa. An umurci sabbin membobi kan taimakon gaggawa, kulawa da tsaron makamai, aikin aikawa da bayanai da tattara bayanan sirri. [4]

Comerford ta taimaka wa IRA a yankin Dublin a lokacin Yaƙin 'Yancin Kan Ireland . Saboda ba a cika bincika su ba, membobin Cumann na mBan galibi suna jigilar makamai ta cikin wuraren da ke cike da jama'a da rana tsaka: "Ana motsa shara inda ya zama dole kuma na koya daga gogewa cewa bindigar Lee Enfield za a iya ɗaukarta a ƙarƙashin rigara ba tare da ta fito daga ƙasa ba idan an riƙe bakin a ƙarƙashin kunnena".  Ta kuma taimaka wajen gudanar da Irish White Cross, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Quaker James Douglas, wanda ke da nufin taimaka wa waɗanda yaƙin farar hula ya shafa ta hanyar tara kuɗi a Amurka .  Tare da amincewar Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Irish a ranar 7 ga Janairu 1922, sharuɗɗan da 'yan Republican kamar ta suka "firgita",  Comerford ta yi murabus daga mukaminta a Dáil Éireann . Kafin zaɓen gama gari na Ireland na 1922, ta shiga cikin hare-hare a ofisoshin gidan waya da yawa inda aka ɗauki tambari kuma aka yi amfani da su don biyan kuɗin kamfen da kuɗin kuɗin zaɓe. 

## Yaƙin basasa
Comerford tana ɗaya daga cikin membobin Cumann na mBan waɗanda suka kaɗa ƙuri'a mai yawa kan sharuɗɗan Yarjejeniyar kuma suna son ci gaba da riƙe Jamhuriyar Ireland . A lokacin Yaƙin Dublin a watan Yuni da farkon Yulin 1922, an gan ta tana hawa keke a tsakiyar yaƙin a Titin Sackville .  Comerford ta ɗauki yaƙin zuwa Free State, inda wata jaridar Burtaniya ta lura cewa ita "ɗaya ce daga cikin sabbin mata 'yan Republican waɗanda hanyoyin zalunci suka mamaye mata kamar Miss MacSwiney da 'yar uwarta" kuma "halinta na maganadisu" ya taimaka wajen jawo "'yan Republican marasa tausayi su zama mayaƙa masu aiki".  A watan Yunin 1922, ta sami nasarar tserewa daga Kotuna Huɗu a lokacin Yaƙin Dublin . A watan Agustan 1922, aikinta ya kai ta kusa da inda aka kashe Michael Collins da yammacin jiya.  A watan Janairun 1923, Comerford ta shiga cikin shirin sace William Cosgrave, shugaban Irish Free State.  An kama Comerford da shugaban IRA Patrick McGrath kuma an soke makircin. An tuhumi Comerford da mallakar bindiga kirar bulbul kuma an tsare ta a sashin mata na gidan yarin Mountjoy . A can wani soja na Free State ya harbe ta a kafa yayin da take yi wa fursunoni mata hannu a farfajiyar motsa jiki (wanda aka haramta).  An tsare Comerford a gidan yari na tsawon watanni uku "saboda halinta na rashin biyayya". 

A ranar 23 ga Maris 1923, an shirya mayar da fursunonin mata da ke Mountjoy zuwa wani gidan yarin mata daban, wato North Dublin Union (NDU). Fursunoni sun yi adawa da a binciki su kafin a mayar da su gida, kuma an yi musu tashin hankali. An yi wa Comerford mummunan duka kuma an dinka su a kai, yayin da wasu kuma aka yi musu duka da wulakanci, wasu kuma aka jefa su a kan matakala. 

A lokacin da take tsare a NDU, Comerford tana ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 da suka shiga zanga-zangar yunwa ta Irish a shekarar 1923 don nuna rashin amincewa da ci gaba da tsare su tun bayan ƙarshen yakin basasar.  Comerford ta tsere daga NDU kuma ta sami 'yanci na tsawon wata guda kafin a sake ta aka daure ta a gidan yarin Kilmainham, inda ta sake yin yajin cin abinci. Bayan kwana 27 aka sake ta aka kwantar da ita a wani gidan kula da tsofaffi da ke Dublin. 

## Manazarta