Yaƙin Ismailia (1952)

**Yakin Ismailia** wani arangama ne da makami wanda ya gudana a birnin Ismailia na ƙasar Masar a ranar 25 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1952 tsakanin sojojin Birtaniya da 'yan sandan Masar. Bayan da sojojin Birtaniyya ƙarƙashin jagorancin George Erskine suka bi diddigin wasu gungun *<nowiki/>'yan fedayen* zuwa wani ginin gwamnati a Ismailia, 'yan sandan da ke ciki sun ki amincewa da buƙatar Birtaniyya ta fito waje, su miƙa makamansu tare da ficewa daga yankin. Lokacin da mazauna ginin suka harbe wani ɗan Burtaniya mai shiga tsakani, Erskine ya umurci sojojinsa da su kai hari tare da kwace ginin.

A arangamar da ta biyo baya, wacce ta ɗauki tsawon sa'o'i biyu, 'yan Burtaniya sun kwace ginin bayan da suka sha fama da kashe mutane 13 da raunata 22. An kashe 'yan sandan Masar 56 tare da raunata 73, kuma a washegarin ranar da aka ba da labarin shiga tsakani, lamarin ya tayar da gobarar Alkahira, inda daga ƙarshe ya kai ga juyin juya halin Masar a shekara ta 1952.

## Tarihi

Tun daga shekara ta 1882, daular Burtaniya ta fara mamaye ƙasar Masar bayan yakin Anglo-Masar. Juyin Juyin Juya Halin Masar na shekarar 1919 ya kai ga amincewar Burtaniya ga samun ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1922 a matsayin Masarautar Masar, kodayake Birtaniyya ta ci gaba da riƙe madafun *iko* a yankin. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, yankin da Birtaniyya ta mamaye ya ragu zuwa yankin da ke kusa da mashigin Suez. Tun daga shekarun 1950 ne masu kishin ƙasar Masar masu adawa da mamaya suka shirya kansu cikin kungiyoyin faɗa   fadayen tare da kaddamar da hare-hare kan sojojin Birtaniya a Masar. 

Hare-haren *na Fedayeen*, wanda ya ƙunshi yaƙe-yaƙe na yau da kullum  kamar zagon ƙasa da hare-hare, ya yi sanadin kashe ma'aikatan Burtaniya 33 tare da raunata 69 kuma ya haifar da taɓarɓarewar dangantakar Masar da Burtaniya. Waɗannan hare-haren, ko da yake ba a hukumance ke samun goyon bayan gwamnatin Masar ba, sun shahara sosai a tsakanin al'ummar Masar; a lokacin da hukumomin Masar suka kafa ofisoshin rijistar sunayen ma'aikatan da ke son yin murabus daga ayyukansu da kuma "ba da gudummawa ga gwagwarmayar ƙasa", Masarawa 91,572 sun yi rajistar sunayensu a tsakanin 16 ga watan Oktoba 1951 zuwa 30 ga watan Nuwamba 1951. 'Yan kwangila na cikin gida a kusa da Canal Zone (wa'adin mulkin Birtaniya na yankin da suke yi a Masar) kuma sun daina ba da kayan abinci ga sojojin Birtaniya a Misira, sannan suka kai 80,000 masu karfi, a cikin haɗin kai tare da *fedayeen*.   

Birnin Ismailia, wanda ke cikin yankin Canal kuma ta haka ne ke ƙarƙashin ikon Birtaniyya, ya kasance mai masaukin baki ga hedkwatar sojojin Biritaniya, don haka ne ake kai hare-haren *fedayeen*. Jami’an tsaron Masar da ke yankin sun taimaka wa *gwamnatin tarayya* tare da ba su kayan aiki da horaswa da kayan aiki wanda turawan Ingila suka sani. A ƙarshen shekarar 1951 zuwa farkon shekara ta 1952, sojojin Birtaniya sun gudanar da ayyukan yaki da *ta'addanci* a yankin Canal, ciki har da wanda aka yi a Ismailia a ranar 19 ga watan Janairun 1952 a matsayin martani ga ɓarkewar tashin hankali wanda ya yi sanadin kashe sojojin *Birtaniya* biyu da wata 'yar zuhudu tare da raunata sojoji tara.   

## Yaƙi
A ranar 25 ga watan Janairu, sojojin Birtaniya ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar George Erskine da suka kunshi sojoji 7,000 da tankokin yaki na Centurion 6 sun kewaye wani ginin gwamnatin Masar (wanda ke ɗauke da bariki) a Ismailia. Turawan Ingila sun bi wasu gungun *fedayen* da suka gudu cikin ginin; mazaunan, 880 'yan sandan taimako na Masar, sun ba su damar mafaka. Erskine ya shirya wani mai shiga tsakani wanda ya yi magana da harshen Larabci don sanar da mutanen da ke cikin ginin cewa su miƙa makamansu, su fice daga ginin su bar yankin gaba ɗaya ko kuma su fuskanci hari. 'Yan sandan sun ki amincewa da buƙatun Erskine kuma sun tuntuɓi Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida na Masar, Fouad Serageddin, wanda ya ba da sanarwar cewa ya amince da ayyukansu kuma ya gaya musu su tsaya tsayin daka kuma kada su miƙa wuya a kowane hali. 

Bayan harbin da aka harba daga cikin ginin ya kashe mai shiga tsakani na Burtaniya, Erskine ya umarci dakarunsa, waɗanda suka haɗa da Fusiliers na Lancashire, da su kai hari kan ginin. Ko da yake 'yan sandan Masar sun yi fice sosai, suna sanye da bindigogi kawai idan aka kwatanta da na Birtaniya, waɗanda ke da tankokin yaki, bindigogi da motocin yaki masu sulke, sun ci gaba da yin tirjiya na sama da sa'a guda. Daga ƙarshe dai turawan Ingila sun yi nasarar kwace ginin bayan kwashe sa’o’i biyu ana gwabzawa, lokacin da Masarawa suka kare da harsashi. Kyaftin Salah Zulfikar ya kasance babban jigo wanda ya ba da kai a yakin.   Ɓangarorin biyu sun samu ƙananan raunuka: Sojojin Burtaniya sun kashe sojoji 13 da raunata 22, yayin da ‘yan sanda suka samu hasara mai yawa- 56 aka kashe da 73 suka jikkata.    Duk 'yan sandan da suka tsira da ransu, sojojin Burtaniya sun kama su.    

## Bayan haka

A safiyar ranar Asabar 26 ga watan Janairun 1952 labarin lamarin ya bazu a duk faɗin ƙasar Masar, kuma Masarawa sun samu wannan labari cikin ɓacin rai, kuma an gudanar da gagarumin zanga-zanga a birnin Alkahira, inda 'yan sanda da sojoji suka halarci muzaharar tasu tare da ɗaliban jami'a, kuma an yi zanga-zanga a titunan birnin Alkahira, waɗanda suka cika makil da jama'a masu fusata. Wannan yanayi na ɓacin rai ya haifar da gobarar birnin Alkahira, kuma ya kara haifar da taɓarɓarewar farin jinin Sarki Farouk zuwa matsayi mafi girma, wanda ya share fagen kaddamar da kungiyar ta 23 ga watan Yuli ƙarƙashin jagorancin Manjo Janar Mohamed Naguib a cikin wannan shekarar. 

Zanga-zangar nuna kyama ga Birtaniyya da ta biyo bayan yakin, cikin gaggawa wasu gungun jama'a sun kwace iko da su, inda suka kona tare da yin kaca-kaca da manyan sassan birnin Alkahira, a daidai lokacin da jami'an tsaron Masar ɗin ba a bayyana ba.  Wasu na ganin gobarar ta nuna alamar kawo ƙarshen mulkin Masar.   Har ya zuwa yau ba a san waɗanda suka haddasa gobarar Alkahira ba, kuma har yanzu ba a tabbatar da gaskiyar wannan muhimmin lamari a tarihin Masar na zamani ba.  An kwatanta rikicin da ya afku a birnin Alkahira a lokacin gobarar 1952 da hargitsin da ya biyo bayan zanga-zangar kin jinin gwamnati da aka yi a ranar 25 ga watan Janairun 2011, inda aka gudanar da zanga-zangar a tsakanin ɗimbin kone-kone da sace-sace, da janyewar 'yan sanda da ba za a iya kwatantawa ba, da kuma shirya fasa gidan yari. 

Ranar 25 ga watan Janairu ta zama ranar ‘yan sanda ta ƙasa  da ake yi duk shekara.   Har ila yau, ya zama ranar hutu ga gwamnatin Ismailia, kuma a cikin shekarar 2009 25 ga watan Janairu na kowace shekara ta zama ranar hutu a Masar.   

## Gallery

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## Manazarta