Turbine na iska

**turbine na iska** (**RAT**) ƙaramin turbine ne na iska wanda aka haɗa shi da famfo na hydraulic, ko janareta na lantarki, wanda aka shigar a cikin jirgin sama kuma aka yi amfani da shi azaman tushen wutar lantarki. RAT yana samar da wutar lantarki daga iska ta hanyar matsin lamba saboda saurin jirgin sama. Ana iya kiranta **Janareta mai sarrafa iska** (**ADG**) a wasu jiragen sama.

## Aiki
Jirgin sama na zamani gabaɗaya yana amfani da RATs ne kawai a cikin gaggawa.  Idan akwai asarar maɓuɓɓugar wutar lantarki ta farko da ta taimako RAT za ta ba da wutar lantarki ga tsarin da ke da mahimmanci (masu kula da jirgin sama, haɗin hydraulics da kuma kayan aikin jirgin sama masu mahimmanci).  Wasu RATs suna samar da wutar lantarki kawai, wanda kuma ake amfani da shi don samar da wutar wutar lantarki. 

A wasu jiragen sama na farko (ciki har da jiragen sama), an ɗora ƙananan RATs har abada kuma suna aiki da ƙaramin janareta na lantarki ko famfo mai mai. Wasu masu saurin gudu, kamar na Argus Kamar injuna 410 da aka yi amfani da su a cikin Focke-Wulf Fw 189, sun yi amfani da turbine mai saurin gudu a kan mai juyawa don samar da wutar lantarki ga gwamnan filin da ke kula da wannan saurin.

Jirgin sama na zamani yana samar da wutar lantarki a cikin manyan injuna ko ƙarin Injin turbine mai ƙonewa wanda ake kira na'urar wutar lantarki ta taimako, wanda galibi ana ɗora shi a bayan fuselage ko a cikin babban motar. RAT yana samar da wutar lantarki daga iska saboda saurin jirgin sama. Idan saurin jirgin sama ya yi ƙasa, RAT zai samar da ƙaramin ƙarfi. A cikin yanayi na al'ada ana janye RAT cikin fuselage (ko fuka-fuki), kuma ana tura shi da hannu ko ta atomatik bayan asarar wutar lantarki gaba ɗaya. A lokacin da ke tsakanin asarar wutar lantarki da turawar RAT, ana amfani da batir.

## Amfani da soja
RATs sun zama ruwan dare a cikin jirgin sama na soja, wanda dole ne ya sami damar tsira da asarar iko kwatsam.

Har ila yau, suna ba da wutar lantarki ga tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi kamar M61A1 Vulcan cannon. Wasu makaman nukiliya masu faɗuwa kyauta, kamar su British Yellow Sun da Red Beard, sun yi amfani da RATs don samar da wutar lantarki ga Radar altimeters da kuma hanyoyin harbi; waɗannan sun kasance mafi amintaccen madadin batir.
 

### Fuka-fuki
Kayan lantarki masu ƙarfi kamar tsarin jamming na AN / ALQ-99 na iya samun ikon kansa ta hanyar RAT a cikin aiki na yau da kullun. Wannan yana ba da damar shigar da su a kan daidaitattun ma'auni, ba tare da buƙatar takamaiman wutar lantarki ba. Za'a iya ɗora tsarin AN / ALQ-99 guda biyar tare da gina turbines na iska a kan Boeing EA-18G Growler, tare da biyu a ƙarƙashin kowane fuka-fuki kuma ɗaya a ƙarƙashin fuselage na jirgin sama. Kowane AN / ALQ-99 yana dauke da masu watsawa guda biyu, kowannensu yana da eriyar kansa. Ana amfani da su ta hanyar Electronic Attack Squadron 134 (VAQ-134). Ba a janye su ba, suna ci gaba da aiki yayin tashi.
  

## Amfani da farar hula

Yawancin nau'ikan jiragen sama na zamani, daga Vickers VC10 na shekarun 1960,  suna da kayan aiki tare da RATs. An zaɓi turbine na iska wanda ke tuka janareta na lantarki don VC10 saboda amfani da "an kunshin" da ke amfani da kayan sarrafa jirgin sama, maimakon tsarin hydraulic na tsakiya. Rukunin kunshin mutum na VC10 kowannensu yana amfani da wutar lantarki don haka gaggawa na gaggawa don VC10 ya dogara da janareto huɗu da janareta na RAT na ajiya a lokacin da yawancin RATs ke tuka famfo na hydraulic.

Airbus A380 yana da mafi girman RAT a duniya a mita 1.63 (64 in) a diamita, amma kusan 80 centimeters (31 in) ya fi kowa. Babban RAT na yau da kullun a kan jirgin sama na kasuwanci na iya samar da 5 zuwa 70 kW, dangane da janareta. Ƙananan, ƙananan samfurori na iya samar da ƙaramin 400 watts.

An kuma yi amfani da RATs don samar da wutar lantarki ga famfo na centrifugal don matsawa tsarin fesawa a kan jirgin sama wanda ake amfani da shi azaman dusters na amfanin gona don isar da wakilai na ruwa zuwa gonar amfanin gona. Babban dalilin zabar RAT shine aminci; amfani da RAT a Amurka yana ba da damar injin FAA-certified da tsarin wutar lantarki a kan jirgin sama don kasancewa ba tare da canzawa ba. Babu buƙatar amfani da ƙarfin injiniya don fitar da famfo, kamar yadda za'a iya sanya famfo ƙasa ko ƙasa da waje na jirgin sama, yana sauƙaƙa famfo sosai. Kasancewa mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin famfo, zai sami abinci mai nauyi daga tankunan fure kuma ba zai taɓa buƙatar a shirya shi ba. A yayin gazawar famfo wanda zai iya haifar da kamawa, babu wani tasiri a kan ikon tashi na jirgin sama ko tsarin sa ban da gaskiyar cewa tsarin fesawa ba ya aiki.

### Abubuwan da suka faru na farar hula da suka shafi turawar RAT

Abubuwan da suka faru a cikin jirgin sama sun haɗa da tura turbine na iska:

* 1974: Jirgin Sama na Burtaniya 910 
* 1983: Jirgin Sama na Air Canada 143, wanda aka fi sani da abin da ya faru na Gimli Glider
* 1996: Fashewar Jirgin Sama na Habasha Flight 961
* 2000: Jirgin Hapag-Lloyd 3378
* 2001: Jirgin Air Transat Flight 236, wanda aka fi sani da lamarin Azores Glider
* 2004: Jirgin saman Pinnacle Airlines Flight 3701Jirgin saman Pinnacle Flight 3701
* 2009: Jirgin Sama na Amurka 1549 
* 2016: Jirgin Sama na Air Canada Flight 361 
* 2018: SmartLynx Estonia Flight 9001 
* 2020: Jirgin Sama na Kasa da Kasa na Pakistan Flight 8303
* 2022: LATAM Paraguay Flight 1325 [ana buƙatar ambaton]
* 2024: Jirgin Virgin Atlantic Flight 105 
* 2025: Jirgin Air India Flight 171 (wanda ake zargi)

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* 
* Bincike kan amfani da turbine na iska a cikin jirgin sama / AIP Conference Proceedings > Volume 1831, Issue 1 (2017) doi:10.1063/1.4981189]
* RATs na jirgin sama na gaggawa - IEEE