Wuraren kogon Maya

**Shafukan kogon Mayan** suna da alaƙa da wayewar Mayan na Mesoamerica na pre-Columbian . Imani da bukukuwan da ke da alaƙa da waɗannan wuraren kogon sun ci gaba a tsakanin wasu al'ummomin Mayan na zamani. Yawancin kogon Mayan sun yi amfani da dalilai na addini. Saboda wannan dalili, kayan tarihi da aka samo a wurin, tare da tarihin al'ada, iconographic, da nazarin al'adu, suna taimakawa wajen gina fahimtar zamani na addinin Mayan da al'umma.

Shafukan kogon Mayan ma sun jawo barayi da mahara. Sakamakon haka, an rufe wasu daga cikinsu katanga don dakatar da duk wani lahani da aka samu a wuraren. An rufe kogon Dos Pilas da Naj Tunich da aka lalata.  &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

== Nazari ==
A cikin ayyukan da aka tattara don yaƙi da bautar gumaka, majiyoyin [[Daular Sipaniya|Mutanen Espanya]] na ƙarni na 16 sun ambata 17 kogon Maya da cenotes - tara daga cikinsu an samo su.  A cikin littafinsa ''Relación de las cosas de Yucatán'', friar Diego de Landa ya kwatanta Cenote mai tsarki .  Ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi na Maya na karkashin kasa ya fara ne a cikin 1980s da 1990s. 

Museo Nacional de Antropología yana jagorantar ayyukan biyu don nazarin kogon Maya: ''Caves: Rijistar Shaidar Al'adun Prehispanic a yankin Puuc'', 1997,  da kuma ''al'adun cenotes a tsakiyar Yucatan'' . 

A cikin shekarar 2008, masu binciken kayan tarihi sun gano wani katafaren ƙasa na Mayan na haikali 11, hanyoyin dutse masu tsayin mita 100, da kuma kogon ruwa mai cike da ambaliya akan Yucatan Peninsula . 

Shahararrun kogo sune Balankanche, kogon Loltun, Actun Tunichil Muknal, da Jolja' .

== Ƙungiyoyi tare da rubutu ==

Ba a san wace alama ce ke wakiltar kogo a rubutun Maya ba. A cewar James Brady, ana wakilta kogon a matsayin "shigar da alamar" ko "kashin kashi" a cikin rubutun Mayan. James Brady ya karanta wannan alamar a matsayin CH'EN ko CH'EEN. A matsayin hujja na hasashe, James Brady ya kawo dalilai guda uku:

2) Alamar gani tana raba fasali gama gari tare da alamomin mutuwa, duniya, da jemagu;

3) Ta hanyar sauti, alamar ta ƙare a cikin baƙar fata "N". A cikin harshen Mayan da aka rubuta, wannan alamar wani ɓangare ne na kalmar aiki "OCH-WITZ" ("Ku shiga cikin dutse"). 

== Ƙungiyar tare da sasantawa ==
Sha'awar kasancewa kusa da wuraren da ake ɗauka masu tsarki ya yi tasiri ga tsarin matsugunin Mesoamerican .  Tsaunuka da kogo sun kasance muhimman abubuwa a cikin tatsuniyoyi na halittar Mesoamerican . Tsarin imani na Mesoamerican yana kamanta ruwa da haihuwa, kuma duwatsu suna ba da ruwa mai gudana da ruwan sama ta cikin kogo.  Saboda haka, waɗannan sifofin halitta an ɗauke su a matsayin masu tsarki kuma masu ƙaura na Mesoamerican suna neman sababbin gidaje.  Ana iya ɗaukar kogon ''axis mundi'' idan yana tsakiyar ƙauye.  Gidan Late Postclassic a Mayapan ya haɗa yawancin ''cenotes'' cikin ƙungiyoyin bikin, kuma Cenote Ch'en Mul yana tsakiyar shafin.  A Dos Pilas, dandamali na gida suna sau da yawa a gaban shigarwar kogo kuma ramukan suna shiga ƙarƙashin dandamali. 

== Tsarin gine-gine da jigogi ==
Filayen wucin gadi galibi suna kwaikwayon shimfidar wurare masu tsarki. An ga ƙofofin Haikali kamar yadda kogo ke shiga cikin tsaunuka. Wani lokaci waɗannan kofofin an [[sassaƙa]] su kamar bakunan dodanni.  Aztec kuma sun yi haka. A Utatlán sun tsara wani kogon wucin gadi wanda ya ƙare a ƙarƙashin filin tsakiya kuma an ƙirƙira shi akan kogon ɓoyayyen [[ɗaki]] bakwai, Chicomoztoc . Ana kuma ganin wannan a Teotihuacan, kodayake cikakkun bayanai sun ɗan bambanta.  A Muklebal Tzul, wata rijiya ta wucin gadi da ke ƙarƙashin wani katafaren dandali an yi ta zama kamar kogon ruwa mai ɗauke da ruwa.  A cikin Yucatan, yawancin haikalin Late Postclassic sun gina majami'u na Mutanen Espanya a saman su bayan cin nasara, kuma har yanzu ana iya samun kogo da ''cenotes'' kusa da waɗannan wurare a yau. 

== Shigarwa zuwa ga underworld ==
Yawancin lokaci ana kwatanta kogo a matsayin shigarwa cikin ruwa na Mayan underworld . Ga ƙungiyoyin Mesoamerican, gami da Maya, rayuwa da mutuwa suna faruwa a yankuna masu iyaka tsakanin wannan duniyar da duniya. An danganta kogo da rai da mutuwa; Lokacin da wani abu ya fito daga cikin duniya, yana da rai, kuma idan wani abu ya sauko a cikin ƙasa, ya mutu. An kuma ga kogo a matsayin wuraren haifuwa inda aka haifi mutane da kakanninsu kuma suka rayu. Mayakan Yucatan kuma sun yi imani cewa an haifi rana da wata a cikin ƙasa. 

== Ƙungiyoyi tare da jima'i da haihuwa ==
Da alama akwai ƙungiya mai ƙarfi (kuma watakila haɗakarwa) tsakanin kogo da wankan gumi . Sau da yawa ana ɗauka a matsayin mace kuma ana kwatanta su da mahaifa da farji, kogo alama ce ta haihuwa.  An kuma danganta wankan gumi da haifuwar ɗan adam, kuma duka biyun suna da ma'anar jima'i mai ƙarfi.  Misali, wani zane a Naj Tunich yana nuna ma'auratan da suka yi jima'i. Tzotzil Maya na zamani ya yi imanin cewa mai yin jima'i yana zaune a cikin kogo da wankan gumi sun kasance wuraren jima'i na haram a tsakanin ƙungiyoyin Maya da yawa.  Abubuwan da aka samo a cikin wanka na gumi a kan gefen Piedras Negras sun haɗa da madubi mai madauwari da ƙananan teku guda biyar, kayan aikin da aka haɗa da ruwa mai zurfi. An kuma sami ƙwanƙolin teku a cikin kogo na wucin gadi a ƙarƙashin dala na Rana a Teotihuacan. 

Har ila yau, ana ɗaukar kalmomi a cikin kogo a matsayin masu tsarki kuma sun taka rawa a cikin addinin Maya. Ana la'akari da kogo a matsayin "masu rai tare da mutuntaka da rayuka,"  kuma a cewar Q'eqchi'Maya mai shekaru 41, su ma suna da rai, suna girma kuma suna gumi ruwa; su kansu ruwa ne.  Mutane suna iya ɗaukar waɗannan duwatsun daga cikin kogo su ajiye su a kan bagadansu.  Xibun Maya sun haɗa seleothems a cikin ginin filin ƙwallon ƙafa a wurin Hershey.  Kotunan ƙwallon ƙafa an haɗa su da duniyar ƙasa, kamar yadda kogon ya kasance.

**Shaidar Archaeological da Fassarorin**

Abubuwan da aka tona a wuraren kogo irin su Naj Tunich da Actun Tunichil Muknal sun samar da tarin kayan tarihi da kayan tarihi da ke ba da haske kan ayyuka da yawa na kogo a cikin al'ummar Maya.  Kasancewar abubuwan aikin noma a cikin fasahar kogo, tare da nunin alloli da ayyukan al'ada, suna ba da cikakken ra'ayi na yadda waɗannan wurare suka mamaye bangarorin ruhaniya da na yau da kullun. Bugu da ƙari, dabarun ƙididdiga da al'adun kayan da aka samo a cikin waɗannan kogo suna ba da tsarin tsarin lokaci don fahimtar ci gaba daga noma zuwa noma. Ana nuna canjin canjin ta hanyar sauye-sauye a cikin tarin kayan tarihi, daga galibin kayan aikin farauta zuwa na'urorin aikin gona da kwantena, wanda ke nuna sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. 

**Dacewar Zamani da Ƙoƙarin Kiyayewa'''

Al'ummomin Maya na zamani suna ci gaba da girmama kogo, suna kiyaye al'adun gargajiya waɗanda ke nuna mahimmancin al'adu masu dorewa na waɗannan shafuka.  Duk da haka, karuwar yawon shakatawa da kwasar ganima na haifar da barazana ga kiyaye muhallin kogo da abubuwan da ke tattare da kayan tarihi. Ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin al'ummomin gida, masana kimiyyar kayan tarihi, da hukumomin gwamnati na da mahimmanci don kiyaye waɗannan albarkatun al'adu masu kima.  Shirye-shiryen ilimi da kuma dorewar tsarin yawon shakatawa na iya inganta wayar da kan jama'a da kuma godiya ga wuraren kogon Maya, da tabbatar da kariyarsu ga al'ummomi masu zuwa yayin da suke girmama muhimmancin tarihi da na zamani.

## Manazarta