Sauyin yanayi a Eritrea

**Eritriya**, wata karamar ƙasa ce da ke bakin teku da ke gefen Tekun Bahar Rum a cikin ƙahon Afirka, tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da suka fi fuskantar matsalar sauyin yanayi kuma an riga an tabbatar da ƙarin canjin yanayi a ƙasar.

## Tushen Gas na Greenhouse
Tushen CO2 da Eritrea ta fitar a shekarar 2020 ya kasance metric ton dubu 6,242.49, wanda ke nuna karuwa da kashi 1.02 cikin 100 daga shekarar 2019. Gurbin CO2 da ake fitarwa a Eritrea ya kai ton 684,140 a cikin 2016. CO2 hayakin ya karu da 4.79% sama da 5% a shekarar da ta gabata, wanda ke wakiltar sama da 2 na shekarar da ta gabata, wanda ke wakiltar sama da 2 na shekarar da ta gabata. Abubuwan da aka fitar na CO2 sun kai tan 652,881.

## Climatology
Yanayin Eritriya yana baje kolin yanayi iri-iri, wanda ke da yankuna masu zafi da busassun kusa da Tekun Bahar Maliya, yanayi mai zafi a cikin tsaunuka, da kuma yanayin da ba su da ɗanshi a keɓantattun wurare masu kamawa a gefen gabas. Kusan kashi 71% na ƙasar suna fuskantar zafi zuwa yanayin zafi sosai, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara ya wuce 27 ° C. Wani kashi 24% na al'ummar ƙasar suna da dumi zuwa yanayi mara kyau, tare da matsananciyar yanayin zafi kusan 22 ° C.[5] Ragowar kashi 5% na ƙasar Eritrea yanayi ne mai sanyi, wanda ke nuna matsakaicin yanayin zafin shekara ƙasa da 19 ° C. Hakanan rabon ruwan sama ya bambanta sosai, tare da haɓakar hazo yayin da ake ƙaura daga arewa zuwa kudu. A cikin tsaunukan arewa maso yamma, ruwan sama bai wuce milimita 200 ba a shekara, yayin da tsaunukan kudu maso yamma ke samun sama da mm 700 na ruwan sama a shekara. Gabaɗaya, Eritriya tana da ƙazamar ƙasa, tare da kusan kashi 70% na yankin ƙasarta da aka ware kamar haka kuma matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara wanda bai wuce 350 mm ba.

## Tasirin Canjin Yanayi

### Zazzabi da canjin yanayi
Tun daga shekarun 1960, an sami karuwar zafin jiki kusan 1.7 ° C, tare da matsakaicin adadin 0.37 ° C a kowace shekara goma. Gabashin Afirka, gami da Eritriya, an sha ganin yawaitar sauye-sauyen hazo, kamar fari da ruwan sama mai yawa, a cikin shekaru 30-60 da suka gabata. Binciken bayanai daga 1912-2005 kuma yana nuna raguwar ruwan sama a tsaunukan tsakiya da na kudu, inda noman ruwan sama ya mamaye a matsayin babban aikin tattalin arziki.

### Tasiri kan albarkatun ruwa
Hasashen canjin yanayi na yanzu ya nuna cewa tushen kogin Anseba zai yi tasiri sosai kuma ruwan karkashin kasa mara zurfi a bakin kogin zai yi tasiri sosai. Kamar yadda rahoton NAPA ya yi nuni da cewa, ana sa ran cewa yanayin zafi da kuma kara yawan ruwan sama zai haifar da raguwar samar da ruwan karkashin kasa gaba daya da kuma karuwar bukatar ruwan amfanin gona.

### Tasiri kan mutane
Tasirin sauyin yanayi, da suka haɗa da fari da kuma rikice-rikice masu nasaba da fari, sun haifar da ƙaura da kuma ƙara lallacewa a tsakanin al'ummomi a Eritrea. An lura da wannan musamman a cikin al'ummomin da ke cikin haɗari.

### Noma da kiwo
Fiye da kashi 70% na al'ummar Eritriya sun dogara ne kan noma, wanda ya ƙunshi amfanin gona da kiwo, don abincinsu. Sabanin haka, a cikin mafi yawan lokuta na shekara, jama'a na fuskantar matsalar rashin abinci saboda tasirin sauyin yanayi da gurɓacewar ƙasa. Noma yana ɗaukar nauyin yanayin yanayi mai ƙayatarwa da sauye-sauyen farashi na yanayi.[13] Sakamakon haka, samar da abinci a cikin gida ya gaza cika buƙatun ƙasar, wanda ke tilasta dogaro ga shigo da kayayyaki na kasuwanci. A cikin 'yan lokutan nan, ita ma Eritriya ta sami sauye-sauye a harkar noman dabbobi. Waɗannan bambance-bambancen ana danganta su ga abubuwa biyu waɗanda ayyukan ɗan adam suka yi tasiri da canjin yanayin yanayi. Karancin wuraren kiwo da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, musamman sakamakon sauyin yanayi da tabarbarewar filaye, yana ƙara kawo cikas ga fannin kiwo na al'umma. Kananan manoma suna taka rawa a fannin noma, inda suke samun karancin amfanin noma. Wadannan manoma galibi suna rayuwa cikin talauci mai dorewa kuma sun dogara kacokan kan noman ruwan sama da na gargajiya. Sakamakon haka, waɗannan al'ummomi suna da matuƙar saurin kamuwa da sauyin yanayi.

## Manazarta