Rasha

**Rasha** : Ƙasa ce dake cikin nahiyar Turai da kuma Asiya ta Arewa. Tana da girma da kuma  yawan jama'a.babban birnin ƙasar itace - birnin Moscow.

## Tarihi
### Tsakanin Zamani
A cikin karni na 7-9th, kabilun Slavic na Gabas sun zauna a nan, wadanda kuma suka yi hijira daga yankin Ukraniya na zamani zuwa yammacin Rasha na zamani. A tsakiyar zamanai, ƙasashen biyu sun kasance ɓangare na ƙasa ɗaya, babban birnin wanda shine Kyiv.A cikin karni na 12, Kievan Rus ya fara tarwatse a cikin manyan hukumomi daban-daban. A cikin karni na 12, Yuri Drohoruky, ɗan 6th na Kiev yarima *Volodymyr Monomakh*, bai yi da'awar kursiyin ba, don haka ya tashi ya mamaye ƙasashe a arewa maso gabas.

Don haka, a tsakiyar karni na 12, kabilun Slavic sun sami kansu a cikin ƙasashen tsakiyar Rasha. Kafin isowarsu, ƙabilun da ke kusa da Finn na zamani sun zauna a yankin Moscow, wanda Dolgoruky ya kafa a matsayin ƙaramin yanki. Yaƙi ya barke tsakanin Masarautar Vladimir-Suzdal (Rus ta Tsakiya) da Kyiv, wanda ya kai ga rabuwar Moscow da Kyivan Rus' ।

Bayan da Batu ya mamaye a 1240, shugaban na arewa principalities, Alexander Nevsky, ya zama Batu ta renon ɗa, da kuma Alexander shiga cikin yaki a gefen Horde kai ga dansa Daniil mai shekaru 16 ya zama sarki na farko na Moscow, wanda ya haifar da ci gaban Rasha ta zamani. Wani babban birni na zamanin da a cikin Rasha na zamani shine Veliky Novgorod, wanda kullum yana yaƙi da Moscow kuma Moscow ta ci nasara a cikin 1478 kawai.

Mutanen Ukrainiyan da Belarushiyanci na gaba a ƙarshe sun rabu da Russia na gaba a cikin karni na 14, sun zama wani ɓangare na Grand Duchy na Lithuania (har zuwa karni na 18, waɗannan mutanen biyu sun kasance kusa, kuma kalmomin Ukrainiyan da Belarushiyanci har ma yanzu sun zo daidai da 84%).A karshen karni na 15, Golden Horde ya tarwatsa zuwa cikin Crimean Khanate, Astrakhan da Kazan Khanates, da kuma Muscovite jihar, wanda ya ci gaba da yaƙe-yaƙe na ta'addanci ga tsoffin abokanta da makwabta, da farko a kan Grand Duchy na Lithuania. An yi yaƙe-yaƙe na birnin Smolensk akai-akai. Mutanen Rasha sun fito ne daga kabilun Slavic na Gabas kuma suka kafa wata kasa ta daban a lokacin mulkin Muscovite a karni na 15-17. A lokacin ne hanyoyin Ukraine da Rasha suka rabu.
### Sabon Zamani

A cikin karni na 15 da 16, an kafa tushe da fitattun mutanen Ukrainiyan - Zaporizhian Cossacks, mayaƙan da suka kare al'umma daga hare-haren da makwabta. Mutanen Rasha na zamani sun zo Ukraine ne a karni na 17, kuma a lokacin gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai na Ukraniya da juriya ga mamayewar Poland karkashin jagorancin Bogdan Khmelnytsky, an sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da Rasha a shekara ta 1654.

Ba a ƙidaya 'yan Ukraniya a cikin 'yan ƙasa a hukumance ba kuma ana aika su akai-akai, duka Cossacks da manoma, don tilasta yin aiki a cikin Rasha, wanda hakan ya saba wa yarjejeniyar 1654. ('Yan Ukrain 10,000 sun mutu daga yanayin rashin tsabta yayin ginin Canal Ladoga).

Wannan ya haifar da boren Hetman Ivan Mazepa a shekara ta 1708, wanda ya yanke dangantaka da Rasha kuma yana so ya shiga ƙarƙashin kariyar Sweden.

A cikin 1775, Rasha ta lalata Ukrainiyan Cossacks da sansaninsu, Sich, wanda ya haifar da bautar da jama'a na Ukrainiyan da tsarin Russification - lalatar da harshen Ukrainian da al'ada.

Misalai mafi ban mamaki na irin waɗannan manufofin sune Dokar Ems (Эмский указ) da dokar Minista Pyotr Valuev (Валуевский циркуляр), wanda ya haramta wa Ukrainiyawa amfani da harshensu na asali.
### Karni na 20
1914 Emperor Nicholas II ya hana bikin cika shekaru 100 na haifuwar fitaccen marubucin Ukrainiyan Taras Shevchenko a cikin Daular Rasha.

A farkon shekara ta 1917 juyin juya halin watan Fabrairu karkashin jagorancin Alexander Kerchsky ya hambarar da mulkin masarautu ya mai da kasar Rasha jamhuriya, wanda ya baiwa al'ummomin da aka zalunta a baya damar yin fafutukar kwato 'yancinsu .

Bayan hawansa mulki, Lenin ya shelanta yakin basasa a tsohuwar daular Rasha, wanda ya hada da yakin 1917-1921 tsakanin Ukraniya da Soviet Rasha, wanda ya kai ga raba Ukraniya tsakanin Poland da Rasha (daga 1922, Tarayyar Soviet).

A cikin 1932-1933, gwamnatin Soviet karkashin Joseph Stalin ta gabatar da Holodomor (yunwa), wanda yawancin ƙasashe a duniya suka amince da kisan kare dangi na mutanen Ukrainiyan, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar kusan mutane miliyan 10.

A cikin 1937, NKVD (daga baya aka sake masa suna Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida ta Tarayyar Soviet) ta harbe mafi yawan masu hankali, al'adu da kimiyya na Ukrainiyan, kuma a asirce sun binne gawarwakin su a cikin dajin Bykivnyan, inda aka gina wani abin tunawa bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet .

A cikin 1941-1945, Nazis sun mamaye ƙasar gaba ɗaya, kuma kowane 5th farar hula Ukrainiyan ya mutu.

A cikin 1960s-1980s, gwamnatin Soviet ta aiwatar da danniya a kan 'yan adawa, ta tura su gidajen yari tare da sanya su a asibitocin tabin hankali, shahararren ɗan adawa daga Ukraniya shine Vasyl Stus  .

A cikin 1985-1991, Tarayyar Soviet ta rushe, kuma a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 1991, Ukraniya ta ayyana 'yancin kai.
### Karni na 21
Bayan wa'adi na uku na Vladimir Putin, wanda ya hau kan karagar mulki a shekara ta 2012, Rasha ta fara aiwatar da mugunyar murkushe 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki, lamarin da ya fi daukar hankali shi ne wani yaro dan birnin Ufa da aka tura gidan yarin da ake tsare da yara kanana saboda yunkurin lalata fadar Kremlin a wani wasan kwamfuta.Bugu da kari, jim kadan bayan hawansa karagar mulki, ya fara tattara sojoji a kusa da kan iyaka da gabashin Ukraniya tare da kaddamar da wani gagarumin yakin neman bayanai kan kasar.

Don ci gaba da rike madafun iko, shugaban kasar Ukraniya na lokacin Viktor Yanukovych ya bukaci Putin da ya aika da sojoji tare da mamaye kasar Ukraniya, bayan da ya fara kwance damarar iyakar kasar a shekarar 2013, lamarin da ya haifar da zanga-zangar da aka fi sani da Euromaidan.

A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 2014, yayin da Yanukovych ke Kyiv, Rasha ta fara aikin mamaye Crimea a kudancin Ukraniya, sannan ta ba da tsaro ga Yanukovych a cikin jirginsa. A ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 2014, Rasha ta fara yaƙi a gabashin Ukraniya lokacin da dakarun da ke karkashin jagorancin jami'in Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Tarayya ta Rasha na Rasha Igor Girkin suka mamaye birnin Sloviansk. A ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 2014, Ukraniya ta kaddamar da aikin yaki da ta'addanci  .

Har zuwa 2022, Rasha, ta hanyar 'yar tsana "Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Donetsk", ta kaddamar da yakin basasa da Ukraniya, wanda a shekarar 2022 ya rikide zuwa yakin basasa. A shekarar 2022, an gudanar da zanga-zangar adawa da yaki da dama a duk fadin kasar Rasha, wadanda jami'an tsaro suka dakile  . A Ukraniya, Rasha na aikata munanan laifukan yaki, kamar harba wuraren da jama'a ke zaune, da lalata gaba daya garuruwa irin su Mariupol, da kuma azabtar da fararen hula saboda ra'ayinsu na goyon bayan Ukraniya, ciki har da azabtarwa a cikin ginshiki na gine-ginen da aka mamaye a Kherson. Babban laifi kan fararen hula a Ukraniya shine harbin da aka yi a Bucha, wanda aka yi a watan Maris 2022..

Masanin kimiyyar siyasa na Rasha Timofey Sergeytsev, a cikin labarinsa mai suna "Abin da Ya Kamata Rasha Ta Yi da Ukraniya," () ya yi kira ga kashe-kashen jama'a. Amurka Timothy Snyder ya kira "littafin Rasha game da kisan kare dangi.   ."

## Ɓangaren da;
Ƙasar Rasha ta na yankin arewacin Asiya zagaye da tekun Pasific da kuma tekun Atlantic.

Tsawon ƙasar Rasha daga yamma zuwa gabas ya Kai (10,000 km )daga arewa zuwa kudu - fiye da( 4,000 km.)
## Gwamnatin kasar da manufofin kasashen waje

A cikin sabon tarihin gwamnatin Rasha, ta haifar da manyan yaƙe-yaƙe da ƙasashe da yawa: a kan Chechnya daga 1994-1996 da kuma 1999-2009, a kan Georgia a 2008, da kuma a kan Ukraniya a 2014 wanda ya ci gaba har yanzu kuma ya koma wani mamayewa na soja a 2022 wanda ya zama yaƙi mafi girma a Turai tun 1945. Baya ga mummunar mu’amala da sojojin Ukraniya da aka kama, a kan shawarar Putin da kansa, an aikata manyan laifuffuka, galibi a kan fararen hula na Ukraniya. Mafi shahararrun laifuffukan da aka aikata a 2022 sun haɗa da: kisan gillar da aka shirya a wajen birnin Kiev da sojojin Rasha suka shirya da kuma kewayen Mariupol. Bugu da ƙari, an ƙirƙiri tsarin da ake kira sansanonin tacewa, inda sojojin Rasha da hukumomin tsaro ke azabtar da ’yan ƙasar Ukraniya saboda ra’ayoyinsu na goyon bayan Ukraniya da adawa da mamayewa, suna kuma yanke jarfa masu alamar Ukraniya. An rubuta lokuta na azabtarwa da kisan gillar ’yan ƙasar Ukraniya masu jin yaren Ukraniya, ciki har da yara — an yi wa yara fyade da harbe su a gaban iyayensu, suna kuma tura su zuwa Rasha da sanya su a gidajen marayu. A lokacin yaƙin Rasha da Ukraniya, a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 2024, bisa umarnin Vladimir Putin da kansa, sojojin Rasha sun kai hare-haren makami mai linzami a kan garuruwan Ukraniya kuma da gangan suka lalata babban asibitin yara na daji na ƙasar . 

Putin ya tafka magudi a sakamakon zaɓen shugaban ƙasa kuma tare da taimakon masu laifi da Hukumar Tsaro ta Tarayyar Rasha ya kawar da abokan hamayyarsa na siyasa. Daga cikin shahararrun waɗanda aka kashe a lokacin mulkinsa akwai: Alexander Litvinenko (wanda aka kashe a 2006), wanda ya bayyana dalla-dalla yadda Putin, lokacin da yake aiki a FSB, ya shirya fashewar gine-gine a duk faɗin Rasha, yana mai cewa hare-haren ’yan ta’adda ne na Chechnya, kuma a kan wannan dalili Rasha ta fara yaƙe-yaƙe biyu a kan Chechnya. Boris Nemtsov (wanda aka kashe a 2015), wanda ya nuna adawa da mamayar Rasha a Ukraniya. 

Shugaban Ukraniya na lokacin ya kira Nemtsov “mai kishin ƙasar Rasha kuma babban abokin Ukraine.” Alexei Navalny (wanda ya mutu a 2024) da ’yan ƙungiyarsa ta “Gidauniyar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa,” waɗanda aka sani da binciken cin hanci da rashawa da kuma binciken laifukan yaƙin Rasha a wasu ƙasashe. Wata ’yar Ukraniya mai suna Irina Navalnaya, wadda ke yankin da Rasha ta mamaye, an yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 8 saboda kawai sunanta Navalna. Wata matashiyar mai zane ta Rasha mai suna Dasha Skochilenko an kore ta daga aiki kuma an tura ta gidan yari saboda ƙirƙirar zane-zane na adawa da yaƙi don goyon bayan Ukraniya. Bugu da ƙari, wasu matasa biyu daga makarantar sakandare a Nizhny Novgorod, malaminsu da kansa ya ba da su ga hukumomin tsaro saboda kalaman adawa da yaƙi, bayan haka aka tura su zuwa wurin tsare yara. A gaba ɗaya, a lokacin mulkin Putin, dubban yara a Rasha an tura su gidan yari saboda dalilai na siyasa da goyon bayan Ukraniya. Sanannen al’amarin wata ƙaramar yarinya mai suna Masha Moskaleva, wadda ta ƙirƙiri zane na adawa da yaƙi don goyon bayan Ukraniya a cikin yanayin laifukan Rasha, bayan haka aka azabtar da mahaifinta kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 2   .

## Siyasa;
Ƙasar Rasha na ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙasashe a siyasar duniya.

## Birnin, tare da yawan mutane fiye da 1000000
*Moscow .
*Saint-Petersburg .
*Novosibirsk .
*Ekaterinburg .
*Kazan .
*Krasnoyarsk.
*Nizhny Novgorod .
*Cheliábinsk .
*Ufa.
*Krasnodar.
*Samara .
*Rostov-on-Don .
*Omsk .
*Voronezh.
*Perm.
*Volgograd .

## Gine-gine;

**Gine-ginen Rasha; A** ɗaya hannun, masu tasowa na ƙasa hadisai da fari na katako, gine, a daya bangaren, a dutse da tubali gine-gine ibada ya bi wani hadisi wanda tushen ankafa shi a farkon cikin Byzantine Empire, sa'an nan kuma zuwa ga Gabas Slavic Jihar Kievan Rus. 

Bayan faduwar Kiev, gine-gine tarihin Rasha ya ci gaba a cikin mulkoki Vladimir-Suzdal da Novgorod, da kuma wadannan kasashen:Rasha mulki, Rasha Empire, Tarayyar Soviet da kuma na zamani Rasha. Da dama daga cikin mafi Tsarin cikin Kremlin kuma domin gina na Moscow Kremlin kawo Italiyanci gine-ginen.

## Hotuna;

File:Novosibirsk_KrasnyPr_Opera_Theatre_07-2016.jpg|Novosibirsk
File:Grot_pavilion_in_Tsarskoe_Selo.jpg|Rasha
File:SamaraVokzal.JPG|Samara
File:Kazan_Kremlin._Qol%C5%9F%C3%A4rif_Mosque_P8111875_2200.jpg|Kazan
File:%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%96%D0%94,_5).jpg|Vladimir Putin, Shugaban Kasar 
File:%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA._%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0._04.02.2018.jpg|Lokacin Sanyi
File:%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg|Bakin Teku,Rasha
Fayil:ViewOfMoscowRiver1.jpeg|Kogin Moscow, Rasha
Fayil:Moscow-City_28-03-2010_2.jpg|Moscow International Business Center
Fayil:VDNKh_Allee.jpg|Avenue
Fayil:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg|Church of St George, Rasha
File:Flag of Russia.svg|Tutar kasar Rasha
File:Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg|Rasha gashi na makamaiflag


## Manazarta