James Myles Hinton

Rev. **James Myles Hinton Sr.** (1891-1970)  ministan Amurka ne, ɗan kasuwa, kuma jagoran 'yancin ɗan adam.   Hinton ya kasance jagora a cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru (NAACP) a Kudancin Carolina a lokacin Jim Crow a cikin 1940s da 1950s; ya kasance shugaban babi na gida, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaba na biyu na taron South Carolina na Reshen NAACP, daga 1941 zuwa 1958.    A rayuwa ta ƙarshe, Hinton ya yi hidima a matsayin fasto a Cocin Baptist na Calvary na biyu a Columbia, South Carolina.  A cikin 1940s da 1950s, ya fuskanci cin zarafi da tashin hankali daga Ku Klux Klan da / ko wasu ƙungiyoyin fararen fata .

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi James Myles Hinton a cikin 1891 a Gates County, North Carolina, kuma yana da shekaru hudu ya ƙaura tare da iyalinsa zuwa birnin New York.  innarsa ce ta rene shi. A cikin 1917, an shigar da shi cikin Sojan Amurka, inda Hinton ya kai matsayi na laftanar soja.  Ya yi aiki a lokacin yakin duniya na daya a Camp Hancock a Jojiya. 

## Sana'a
Bayan yakin Hinton ya yi aiki da Kamfanin Inshorar Lafiya da Rayuwa a Augusta, Jojiya.  Ya auri Ethel Bell, wanda ya mutu a cikin 1935, kuma ya bar masa gwauruwa tare da 'ya'yansu hudu. Hinton ya auri Lula V. Thomas bayan shekaru biyu a cikin 1937, kuma ya ƙaura ba da daɗewa ba tare da 'ya'yansa zuwa Columbia, South Carolina. 

A cikin 1939, an zaɓi Hinton shugaban NAACP na reshen Columbia, South Carolina.  Ya sadu a cikin Maris 1941 tare da provost marshal a sansanin soji na Fort Jackson, don tattauna yadda sojoji da 'yan sanda na birni ke cin zarafin Baƙar fata a cikin al'ummar Columbia.  A cikin ƴan shekarun farko ya haɓaka membobinsu, kuma ya haɓaka adadin rassan NAACP.  A cikin Oktoba 1941, an zabe shi a matsayin shugaba na biyu na Babban Taron Kudancin Carolina na Branches na NAACP, wanda ya gaji Rev. Alonzo Webster Wright. Har ila yau, Hinton yana aiki a matsayin jagoranci na Kwamitin Jama'a masu launi, Kwamitin Jama'a na Negro, Ƙungiyar Negro na Red Cross War Fund Drive, Kwamitin Tsaro na Negro, da Kwamitin Interracial na Richland County.   Ya kan gudanar da ayyukan tara kudade da daukar ma'aikata.  

Daga 1941 har zuwa 1958, Hinton ya haɗu tare da Thurgood Marshall a kan ƙararrakin da ke kalubalantar albashin malamai marasa daidaituwa, duk-fararen firamare, da rarrabuwar makarantu.  Wakilin jihar Carolina ta Kudu John David Long ya gabatar da ƙudiri na Majalisar Wakilai, "alƙawari ga mulkin fari" a cikin Maris 2, 1944;  kuma Hinton ya jagoranci NAACP don yaki da batun a kotu. 

A cikin Afrilu 1944, bayan wucewar *Smith v. Allwright*, Kotun Koli ta Amurka da ke nuna cewa ba za a iya hana baki baƙi shiga cikin zaɓe ba; kwanaki daga baya Gwamnan South Carolina Olin D. Johnston ya kira wani taro na musamman na Babban Taro ya gabatar da "Tsarin Kudancin Carolina" don ci gaba da gudanar da zabukan farko na farar fata ta hanyar soke dokoki.  A wannan lokacin, Hinton yana tara kuɗi don ƙarar haƙƙin ƙuri'a kuma yana gwagwarmaya don canji.  Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan ƙarar ita ce George Elmore, wani mutum mai launin fata wanda ya iya yin rajistar yin zabe (saboda an ɗauka shi fari), amma daga baya an hana shi zabe a Richland County; ya iya shigar da kara tare da goyon bayan Columbia NAACP.  Sakamakon babban taron da aka amince da kudirin doka na 147 a cikin kwanaki shida "Tsarin Kudancin Carolina" ya sami damar ci gaba da zama na farko na farar fata a cikin jihar, kuma har zuwa 1947 gwamnatin tarayya ta ayyana shi a matsayin rashin bin doka. 

## Manazarta