open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sarah Dickenson

**Sarah Dickenson** OBE (28 Maris 1868 - 26 Disamba 1954) ta kasance Yan kungiyar kwadago ta Birtaniya kuma mai fafutukar mata.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife ta a Hulme a Manchester a matsayin **Sarah Welsh**, Dickenson ta bar makaranta tana da shekaru goma sha ɗaya don yin aiki a cikin ma'aikatar auduga, inda ta zama mai sha'awar ƙungiyar kwadago.

## Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka
A shekara ta 1895, an naɗa ta a matsayin sakatariyar haɗin gwiwa ta sabuwar Majalisar Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Mata ta Manchester da Salford (WTUC). Ta bar aiki a masana'antar a wannan shekarar, ta sadaukar da lokacinta ga majalisar ƙwadago da kuma wata sabuwar ƙungiya ta gida, wato Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Mata (wadda ta kasance sakatariya daga kusan 1904), sannan daga 1899 kuma ta zama sakatariya ta Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Mata ta Manchester da Salford. 

A kusan shekara ta 1900, Dickenson ta shiga ƙungiyar Arewacin Ingila ta Ƙungiyar Kare Hakkin Mata (NESWS), wata ƙungiya da ke da alaƙa da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙungiyoyin Kare Hakkin Mata (NUWSS). Ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'in zartarwa, ta yi jawabi a tarurruka da dama kan batun zaɓen mata, kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tallata wata takarda da mata ma'aikatan masana'antu suka rubuta, wadda ta gabatar wa Majalisar Dokoki a shekara ta 1901 lokacin da ta samu sa hannun mutane kusan 30,000. [1] WTUC ba ta iya cimma matsaya kan ko za ta goyi bayan ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin mata ba. A shekara ta 1903, Dickenson ta kasance babbar mai kafa kwamitin wakilcin mata na Lancashire da Cheshire, wanda ya himmatu wajen kare haƙƙin mata tun daga farko, kuma ta yi murabus daga WTUC a shekara mai zuwa, maimakon haka ta shiga sabuwar Majalisar Ƙwararrun Mata da Ƙwararru ta Manchester da Salford. [1]

A shekarar 1905, Dickenson ta fusata da yadda NESWS ta fi son yin mu'amala da ƙungiyoyin matsakaicin matsayi, maimakon ƙungiyar ma'aikata, kuma ta yi murabus tare da Christabel Pankhurst da wasu manyan membobi, maimakon haka ta kafa Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Neman Zaɓe ta Ƙasa ta Masana'antu da Ƙwararru. Dickenson ta yi aiki a kwamitin zartarwa. Ta kuma kasance mai himma a cikin NUWSS kuma wani lokacin ta ɗauki aiki a matsayin mai shirya ƙungiyar da ake biyan kuɗi.  Dickenson ta yi aiki tare da Mary Macarthur don shirya taron Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Ƙasa a Manchester a shekarar 1907. A taron, ta yi jayayya cewa mata ya kamata su sami ƙungiyoyin kwadago na kansu, sannan, lokacin da ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata maza suka shirya karɓar su, ya kamata su koma rassan waɗannan ƙungiyoyin mata kawai. 

Dickenson ta yi adawa da Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, kuma ta kasance wakiliya a Taron Duniya na Mata kan Zaman Lafiya a Hague, duk da cewa ba ta iya zuwa ba, saboda takunkumin lokacin yaƙi. Ta kuma yi fafutukar ganin an ƙara wa mata matsakaicin albashi na gwamnati a lokacin yaƙi, wani abu da ya faru a shekarar 1915.  A shekarar 1918, WLTC da WTUC duk sun haɗu cikin Majalisar Ciniki ta Manchester da Salford, kuma daga shekarar 1920, Dickenson ta kasance sakatariya ga Ƙungiyar Mata. Ta yi ritaya daga ƙungiyar ƙwadago a shekarar 1930, tana aiki a matsayin alkali har zuwa 1939.

A shekarar 1931, an naɗa ta memba na Order of the British Empire . 

## Manazarta
Eung-Do Cook

**Eung-Do "Ed" Cook** (Korean; 3 ga Fabrairu, 1935 - 8 ga Maris, 2025) masanin harshe ne na Kanada wanda ya kware a cikin Athabaskan da sauran harsunan First Nations .

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
Eung-Do Cook, wanda aka fi sani da Ed, an haife shi ne a Seosan, Koriya, Daular Japan a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 1935.  Bayan ya girma kuma ya fara karatu a Koriya,  ya sami tallafin karatu don neman digiri a koyar da Turanci a matsayin yare na biyu a Jami'ar Hawai'i, kuma ya sami Jagoransa a can a shekarar 1965. Ya sami Ph.D. a cikin ilimin harshe daga Jami'ar Alberta a shekarar 1968. 

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 1969, Cook ya zama mataimakin farfesa a Jami'ar Calgary . An ɗaukaka shi zuwa abokin tarayya a 1972 kuma cikakken farfesa a 1975. Daga 1976 har zuwa 1985 ya kasance shugaban Sashen Harshe. Ya yi ritaya daga farfesa a shekara ta 2000,  kodayake ya ci gaba da buga bincike duk da matsalolin kiwon lafiya. 

A lokacin aikinsa, ya mayar da hankali kan nazarin harsunan asalin Kanada,  musamman Athabaskan Tsilhqot'in,  Dene Suline, da harsunan Tsuut'ina,  yana buga harsuna na waɗannan uku. Keren Rice ya bayyana A Sarcee Grammar a matsayin "babban gudummawa ga wallafe-wallafen Athapaskan",  yayin da Sonya Bird ya lakafta A *Tsilhqút'ín Grammar* na 2013 "mai zurfi sosai" kuma "ƙarshe na [...] bincike mai shekaru arba'in".

## Rayuwa da mutuwarsa
Ya sadu da matarsa, Myung-Sook Shin, a Jami'ar Hawai'i yayin da yake karatu a can. Sun haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu tare.

Ya mutu yana da shekaru 90 a British Columbia,   a ranar 8 ga Maris, 2025.

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

* [Hotuna a shafi na 9] A Sarcee Grammar. Vancouver: Jami'ar British Columbia Press.  .
* — — (2004). *A Grammar na Dëne Sųłiné (Chipewyan) *. Winnipeg: Algonquian da Iroquoian Linguistics . ISBN . OCLC .&nbsp; &nbsp;
* — — (2013). A *Tsilhqút"in Grammar*. Harsunan Kasashe na Farko. Jami'ar British Columbia Press. ISBN .&nbsp;
* [Hotuna a shafi na 9] *Athapaskan Linguistics: Ra'ayoyin Yanzu akan Iyali na Harshe.* Daga Gruyter Mouton. ISBN &nbsp;

## Manazarta
Alfred Garrioch

**Alfred Campbell Garrioch** (Fabrairu 14, 1848 - Disamba 2, 1934) ya kasance firist ne na Anglican kuma marubuci wanda ke zaune a Manitoba, Kanada .

An haife shi a Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, a cikin 1848.  A shekara ta 1866, ya auri Agnes Bertha Crabbe, kuma tare suka haifi 'ya'ya 12. Ya yi karatun tauhidi a Kwalejin St. John a 1869.

An naɗa shi a matsayin firist na Anglican da ke aiki a Peace River a Manitoba . A shekara ta 1885, yayin da yake aiki a Ingila ya fassara littattafai da yawa zuwa harshen Beaver tare da ƙirƙirar ƙamus na Turanci-Beaver da Cree. Ya kuma rubuta wasu ayyukan tarihin kansa, ciki har da Farko Furrows a 1923 da The Correction Line a 1933. Ya mutu a Winnipeg a shekara ta 1934. 

## Ayyuka

* *Furrows na farko*, (1923) 
* *Arewacin da Fushi*, (1925) 
* Alamar Hatchet A Duplicate, (1929) 
* *Layin Gyara*, (1933) 

## Manazarta
Victor Golla

**Victor Golla** (1939-2021) masanin harshe ne wanda ya kware a cikin harsunan asalin California da Oregon, musamman ma ƙungiyar Pacific Coast Athabaskan na Iyalin yaren Athabaskan da harsunan yankin da ke cikin ɓangaren Penutian . Ya kasance farfesa mai daraja na ilimin ɗan adam a Jami'ar Jihar Humboldt kuma yana zaune a Trinidad, California.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Golla a Santa Rosa, California, kuma ya girma a cikin ƙaramin garin Mt. Shasta, a arewacin jihar, inda mahaifinsa ya kasance darektan jana'izar kuma mataimakin mai binciken Siskiyou County. Iyalin sun koma yankin San Francisco Bay a 1952, kuma Golla ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Oakland. Ya kammala karatu daga UC Berkeley a shekarar 1960 kuma ya sami Ph.D. a fannin ilimin harshe daga wannan ma'aikatar a shekarar 1970.

Golla ya koyar a takaice a Jami'ar Alberta (mataimakin farfesa na ilimin harshe, 1966-1967) da Jami'ar Columbia (malami a fannin ilimin ɗan adam, 1967-1968), sannan ya zauna a Washington, DC na tsawon shekaru ashirin, yana koyarwa a sashen ilimin ɗan adam a Jami'iyyar George Washington (1968-1988) kuma yana gudanar da bincike kan manyan takardun tarihin harsunan Indiyawan Amurka waɗanda ke cikin National Anthropological Archives a Cibiyar Smithsonian. A shekara ta 1988, an gayyace shi ya shiga bangaren koyarwa na Jami'ar Jihar Humboldt, a Arcata, California, a matsayin farfesa na Nazarin 'yan asalin Amurka da kuma darektan Cibiyar Ci gaban Al'ummar Indiya.

A cikin 1981 Golla ya taimaka wajen gano Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas (SSILA), kuma daga baya ya yi aiki na shekaru 25 a matsayin sakataren-mai ba da kuɗi da kuma editan *Jaridar SSILA* ta kwata-kwata (1982 zuwa 2007). SSILA ta kafa lambar yabo ta Victor Golla don girmama shi, don sanin masana harsuna na Amurka waɗanda ke nuna "babban tarihin ilimin harshe da sabis ga al'ummar ilimi".

Baya ga aikinsa a Humboldt, Golla ya gudanar da jerin alƙawura na ziyara a UC Davis (farfesa na ilimin ɗan adam 1996-1997; abokin bincike a cikin ilimin ɗan adam, 1997-2006), kuma daga 2001 babban mai bincike na JP Harrington Database Project. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan harshe ga Ƙabilar Hoopa Valley, inda yake da alhakin ƙirƙirar Hupa Practical Alphabet da kuma kayan koyarwa da yawa, gami da ƙamus na Turanci-Hupa (1996a).

Shi ne marubucin littattafai masu yawa da kuma labarai da yawa game da harsunan Indiyawan Amurka, gami da ƙamus uku na Hupa (1970, 1986a, 1996b) da kuma shafi 1000 na Hupa lexical da kayan ilimin lissafi da Edward Sapir ya tattara a 1927. Babban littafinsa na karshe, California Indian Languages (2011),  an ba shi lambar yabo ta 2013 Leonard Bloomfield Book Award ta Linguistic Society of America don kasancewa littafin da aka buga kwanan nan "wanda ke ba da gudummawa mafi kyau ga ci gaban fahimtarmu game da harshe da ilimin harshe". 

## Manazarta
Harry Hoijer

**Harry Hoijer** (6 ga Satumba, 1904 - 11 ga Maris, 1976) masanin harshe ne na Amurka kuma masanin ilimin ɗan adam wanda ya yi aiki a kan harsunan Athabaskan da al'adu. Ya kuma rubuta yaren Tonkawa, wanda yanzu ya ƙare. Ayyukan Hoijer kaɗan ne suka zama yawancin kayan wannan harshe. Hoijer dalibi ne na Edward Sapir .

Hoijer ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga rubuce-rubucen yarukan Athabaskan na Kudancin da Pacific Coast da kuma sake gina proto-Athabaskan. Harry Hoijer ya tattara adadi mai yawa na bayanai masu mahimmanci a kan harsunan Athabaskan da yawa, waɗanda ba a buga su ba. Wasu daga cikin bayanansa akan Lipan Apache da Harshen Tonkawa sun ɓace.

Hoijer ya kirkiro kalmar "Sapir-Whorf hypothesis". Ya mutu a Santa Monica, California, a ranar 4 ga Maris, 1976. 

## manazarta
Gary Holton (masanin harshe)

**Gary Holton** masanin harshe ne na Amurka wanda ke aiki a kan Harsunan Athabaskan na Alaska da Harsunan Papua na gabashin Indonesia .  Ya zuwa 2019, shi farfesa ne a Sashen Harshe a Jami'ar Hawai'i a Mānoa . 

Yana da digiri na farko da na biyu a lissafi. A shekara ta 2000, ya sami Ph.D. a fannin ilimin harshe a Jami'ar California, Santa Barbara . 

## Littattafan da aka zaɓa

* *Yanayi a Yammacin Pantar, wani yanki na Papuan na kudancin Indonesia* (2011) 
* *Hoton Yammacin Pantar (Lamma) * (2014) 
* *Tsarin haɗin kai na sararin samaniya a cikin yarukan Austronesian da wadanda ba na Austronesian ba na Halmahera* (2017) 
* Takardun harshe na fannoni daban-daban (2018) 

## Manazarta
James Kari

**James Kari** masanin harshe ne na Amurka kuma Farfesa Emeritus tare da Cibiyar Harshen Ƙasar Alaska a Jami'ar Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) ƙwararre a cikin Dene (a.k.a. yarukan Athabascan) na Alaska . Ya yi aiki a bangaren koyarwa na UAF daga 1973 zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1997.

Fiye da shekaru hamsin Kari ya yi aiki mai zurfi na harshe a cikin harsunan Dene da yawa. Wadannan sun hada da Ahtna, Dena'ina, Koyukon, Deg Hit'an, Holikachuk, Lower Tanana, Middle Tanana, Tanacross, Upper Tanana, da Babine-Witsuwit'en.

Kari ta ci gaba da aiki a kan ayyukan yaren asalin Alaska da yawa. Shi ne marubuci ko editan fiye da 200 wallafe-wallafe, ciki har da fiye da 4000 shafuka na matani na harsuna biyu a cikin harsunan Dene bakwai. Shi ne mafi yawan masu ba da gudummawa ga Tarihin Harshen Alaska (tare da shigarwa sama da 1000 tun daga shekarar 2019).

Sha'awarsa ta musamman ita ce Dene ethnogeography . Kari ya tattara ko ya rubuta sunayen wurare sama da 14,000 a cikin harsunan Alaska ko Dene na Kanada goma sha huɗu. Ya yi aiki tare da marubucin Dena'ina kuma masanin ilimin lissafi Peter Californsky a kan tarin rubuce-rubucensa na 1991.

A shekara ta 2008 ya shirya taron Dene-Yeniseian a Alaska. Ya kasance co-editor na The Dene-Yeniseian Connection, wanda aka buga a cikin 2010.

## Kyaututtuka da girmamawa
A shekara ta 2009 an zabi Kari don Kyautar Gwamnan Alaska don Humanities . A watan Maris na shekara ta 2013 ya sami lambar yabo ta Professional Achievement a taron shekara-shekara na 40 na Alaska Anthropological Association . A cikin 2019 an gabatar da shi da tarin takardu daga abokan aiki don girmama aikinsa a binciken Dene (Holton da Thornton, 2019).

## Manazarta
Guillaume Leduey

**Guillaume Leduey** (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1989)  masanin harshe ne na Faransa kuma mai magana da harsuna da yawa daga Le Havre, Faransa,   kuma mai zane-zane ne.  An san Leduey da nazarin Harshen Eyak da ya ƙare da kuma shiga cikin kamfen ɗin don farfado da Eyak.

Leduey mai magana da harsuna da yawa ne, kuma yana iya magana da harshe biyar ban da Eyak:  Faransanci, Turanci, Jamusanci, Sinanci, Georgian da wasu Lithuanian.  Leduey ya zama mai sha'awar yaren Eyak mai mutuwa bayan ya koyi game da mai magana da shi na ƙarshe, Marie Smith Jones, a Intanet. A shekara 12 ko 13 ya ba da umarnin rubutun Eyak, kayan sauti da DVDs kuma ya fara nazarin shi.

Leduey ta shiga cikin sadarwa ta imel tare da Majalisar Tsaro ta Eyak, wacce ke gudanar da aikin adana harshe na Eyak da Laura Bliss Spaan, mai shirya fina-finai na koyon DVDs,  kuma ta sadu da ita lokacin da ta ziyarci Faransa. Daga baya, Leduey ya tuntubi Michael E. Krauss, kuma a watan Yulin 2010 ya ziyarci Cordova, Alaska, ƙasar kakannin Eyak, don samun umarni da ƙarin horo a Eyak. A karkashin taimakon ilimi na Krauss, Leduey ya fara nazarin labarun Eyak. Tare da Krauss, Bliss Spaan da Majalisar Tsaro ta Eyak suna aiki don farfado da Eyak  ta hanyar buga kalmomin Eyak da jimloli a shafukan yanar gizo kamar Facebook da Twitter  da kuma taimaka wa Eyaks nazarin yarensu. A lokacin ziyararsa zuwa Alaska, Leduey ya kuma yi nazarin al'adun Eyak, gami da na abinci.

## Manazarta
Keren Rice

**Keren D. Rice** OC (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949) masanin harshe ne na Kanada. Ita farfesa ce a fannin ilimin harshe kuma tana aiki a matsayin darakta na Cibiyar Aboriginal Initiatives a Jami'ar Toronto . 

## Ilimi da aiki
Rice ta sami digirinta na PhD a 1976 daga Jami'ar Toronto, tare da rubutun da ake kira, "Hare phonology. "

Ta wallafa ayyuka da yawa a cikin ilimin harsuna da na 'yan asalin Amurka, musamman a kan Harsunan Athabaskan. Ta ƙware a cikin bincike kan Slavey, yaren asalin da ake magana a yankunan Arewa maso Yammacin Kanada, kuma ta daɗe tana da hannu wajen kiyayewa da sake farfado da yaren. Ta ba da gudummawa ga nazarin alamar sauti (Rice 2007) da kuma hulɗar ilimin sauti, ilimin halitta da kuma ma'anar (Rice 2000).

## Kyaututtuka da bambance-bambance

* An zabi Rice a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar American Association for the Advancement of Science a shekara ta 2005.  An zabe ta a matsayin abokiyar kungiyar Linguistic Society of America a shekara ta 2009. 
* An zabi Rice a matsayin memba na American Philosophical Society a shekarar 2014. 
* Daga 2002 zuwa 2008 ta yi aiki a kwamitin Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Kimiyya ta Jama'a (SSHRC), hukumar bayar da tallafi ta gwamnatin tarayya ta Kanada . 
* A shekara ta 2011 ta sami Kyautar Killam, wacce ake ba da ita a kowace shekara ga manyan malaman kimiyya biyar na Kanada saboda nasarorin da suka samu a fannonin kimiyya da bincike na ilimi.
* A shekara ta 2013 ta lashe lambar yabo ta kasa daga Kungiyar Harshe ta Kanada don gudummawa mai ban mamaki ga fannin ilimin harshe. 
* A shekara ta 2013 Gwamna Janar na Kanada ya nada ta a matsayin Jami'i a cikin Order of Canada,  wanda shine daya daga cikin manyan girmamawar farar hula na Kanada. 
* A shekara ta 2015 an zabe ta a matsayin Fellow a Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka.
* A cikin 2015 Rice ta sami lambar yabo ta Pierre Chauveau na Royal Society of Canada, wanda aka ba ta kyauta saboda ci gaba da gudummawarta a matsayin malami, gami da aikinta mai yawa a cikin takardun harshe, gwagwarmaya, da ilimin harshe.  
* Rice ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar harshe ta Kanada daga 1998 zuwa 2002 
* Rice ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Linguistic Society of America (LSA) a shekarar 2012.
* Rice ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Association for Linguistic Typology (ALT) daga 2020 har zuwa 2022.

## manazarta
Sally Rice

**Sally Rice** farfesa ce ta ilimin harshe a Jami'ar Alberta, inda ta dauki matsayi ba da daɗewa ba bayan ta sami PhD a 1987 a Jami'an California, San Diego, a karkashin kulawar Ronald W. Longacker . 

An san Rice da iliminta a kan harsunan asalin Kanada, musamman na dangin yaren Athabaskan. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin daraktocin da suka kafa CILLDI, Cibiyar Nazarin Harsuna da Harshen Kanada,  wanda tun daga shekara ta 2000 ya kasance cibiyar bazara ta shekara-shekara ta uku don samar da horo a ci gaban harsunan Kasashen Kanada. 

## Kyaututtuka da bambance-bambance

* Rice ta kasance Farfesa mai daraja a Jami'ar Alberta Faculty of Arts daga 2007 zuwa 2011.
* Rice ta kasance Farfesa ce ta McCalla a Jami'ar Alberta Faculty of Arts a 2008-2009. 
* An ba Rice tallafi daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Kimiyya ta Jama'a ta Kanada (SSHRC) a cikin 1999 don "The Daghida Project: Nazarin Harshe da Revitalization a cikin Al'ummar Kasashen Farko (Cold Lake, Alberta). "
* An ba Rice tallafi daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Kimiyya ta Jama'a ta Kanada (SSHRC) a cikin 2003 don "Taron 7 kan Tsarin Ra'ayi, Magana, da Harshe . "
* Rice da ɗan'uwansa masanin harshe Joyce McDonough an ba su tallafi daga Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin 2009 don "An Interactive Speech Atlas of Dene Speaking Communities in the Mackenzie Basin" (kyauta 0853929). 

## Cibiyar Nazarin Harsuna da Harshen Kanada (CILLDI)
"Akwai fiye da harsunan Aboriginal 60 a Kanada. Baya ga Cree, Ojibway da Inuktitut, duk harsunan asalin Kanada suna cikin haɗari, da yawa suna da mahimmanci. Al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar, kwalejoji da jami'o'i suna aiki don adanawa - kuma a wasu lokuta, dawowa - waɗannan harsuna, amma har zuwa yanzu babu wani shiri na ƙasa da aka keɓe ga dorewar harsunan' yan asalin ƙasar a Kanada. "Sally Rice ta kasance cikin ƙungiyar masu fafutukar harshe da masu ilimi waɗanda suka haɗa da Donna Paskemin da Heather Blair, waɗanda suka kafa CILLDI a shekarar 1999 tare da cibiyar baje kolin bazara ta farko da aka gudanar a kan Onion Lake First Nation, Saskatchewan, tana ba da kwas ɗaya mai taken "Faɗaɗa Harshe da Karatu na Cree ".   CILLDI, wanda ake karbar bakuncinsa a Jami'ar Alberta da ke Edmonton, wata babbar makaranta ce ta shekara-shekara don masu fafutukar harshen 'yan asalin ƙasar, masu magana, masu harsuna, da malamai."  Shiri ne na "al'adu daban-daban, masu magana da harsuna daban-daban, masu ilimi daban-daban, masu ilimi daban-daban, masu ilimi daban-daban, masu zaman kansu, masu tsararraki daban-daban".  Rice tana kan Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta CILLDI   . 

## manazarta
Sergei Starostin

****Sergei Anatolyevich Starostin** ( Russian   ; Maris 24, 1953 - Satumba 30, 2005)  masanin ilimin harsuna ne na tarihi na Rasha kuma masanin ilimin falsafa, wataƙila an fi saninsa da sake gina harsunan da aka yi zato, gami da aikinsa kan ka'idar Altaic mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce, ƙirƙirar hasashen Dené-Caucasian, da kuma shawarar dangin harshen [[Harsunan Borean|Borean]] na baya. Babu ɗaya daga cikin dangin da ya gabatar da su da ya ga karbuwa sosai a cikin al'ummar harsuna kuma galibi ana ganin su a matsayin abin da ba za a iya yarda da shi ba.

== Ka'idoji ==
A shekarar 1986, Starostin da Igor M. Diakonoff sun ba da shawarar cewa [[Hurro-Urartian languages|harsunan Hurro-Urartian]] suna cikin dangin harsunan [[Harsunan Arewa maso gabashin Caucasus|Arewa maso Gabas na Caucasian]] . Starostin ya kuma taimaka wajen sake gina Proto-Kiranti, Proto-Tibeto-Burman, [[Harsunan Yeniseian|Proto-Yeniseian]], Proto-North-Caucasian, da Proto-Altaic . Ya kuma faɗaɗa hasashen cewa Jafananci yana da alaƙa da harsunan [[Turkic languages|Turkici]] da Mongolic ta hanyar dangin " Altaic ". <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

Tunanin Na-Dené_languages" id="mwKg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dené–Caucasian languages">Dené-Caucasian ya ba da shawarar cewa Arewa maso Yammacin Caucasian, Arewa maso Gabashin Caucasian. A cewar Starostin, Dené-Caucasian da kuma wasu iyalai biyu da aka tsara, Austric da Nostratic, za a iya haɗa su a matakin da ya gabata, wanda Starostin ya kira harsunan Borean (watau 'Northern').

## Ayyukan Juyin Harsunan Dan Adam
Tun daga shekarar 1985, Starostin ya fara ƙirƙirar tsarin sarrafa bayanai na STARLING,  wanda aka tsara don  ɗinsa.Yanar gizo  . Murray Gell-Mann ya taimaka masa a aikinsa  .  A lokacin mutuwarsa, farfesa ne a Jami'ar Jihar Rasha don Bil Adama, farfesa mai ziyara a Cibiyar Santa Fe, kuma malami mai yawan baƙi a Jami'ar Leiden da ke Netherlands, inda aka ba shi digirin girmamawa na likita a watan Yunin 2005.

Starostin ya mutu daga ciwon zuciya a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2005, a Moscow bayan lacca a Jami'ar Jihar Rasha don Humanities . Ɗansa, Georgiy Starostin, shi ma masanin harshe ne.

## Manazarta
Andrea Egan

**Andrea Egan** ma'aikaciyar jin dadin jama'a ce kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta Birtaniya. Ta kasance sakatare janar na Unison, babbar ƙungiyar ƙwadago a Birtaniya, tun daga watan Janairun 2026.

## Rayuwar farko
Tun tana ƙarama, Egan ta yi shekaru da yawa a Jamus inda mahaifinta ya yi aiki a rundunar sojojin Birtaniya .   Iyayenta sun rabu a farkon shekarun 70, bayan haka ita da ɗan'uwanta da mahaifiyarta suka koma Birtaniya.   Sun zauna a gidan kakanninta kafin su koma gidan kansila a wani gidan haya mai cike da laifuka a Bolton .  

## Sana'a
Egan ta so zama jami'ar 'yan sanda amma, yayin da take ƙarama ba za ta iya shiga ba, ta zaɓi aikin zamantakewa kuma ta yi rajista a wata kwaleji ta gida a kan kuɗin tallafi daga majalisar yankin.   Kwas ɗin ya haɗa da wuraren aiki kuma tana da shekaru 19 ta fara aiki a gidan kula da tsofaffi .   Daga baya, tana da shekaru 20, ta koma ɓangaren kula da gidajen yara kuma ta hau matsayi don zama manaja a sashin kula da gidajen yara.  Daga nan Egan ta fara aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa mara cancanta kafin Majalisar Bolton ta biya ta kuɗin horo.  Bayan ta cancanta, ta zama ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa mai rijista. 

### Ƙungiyar ƙwadago
Egan ta zama mai kula da shagon sayar da kaya na ƙungiyar ƙwadago a shekarun 1980, tana da shekaru 22, yayin da take aiki a ɓangaren kula da gidajen yara. [1] [2] Daga baya, ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar ƙwadago a sashen kula da yara na majalisar kuma sakatariyar reshen gwamnatin Unison da ke Bolton. [1] [3] Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar Unison kafin a zaɓe ta a matsayin shugaba a watan Yunin 2022. [4] Egan ta shiga jam'iyyar Labour a kusan 2010 amma an kore ta a watan Nuwamban 2022 saboda raba muƙaloli biyu ta hanyar Marxist Socialist Appeal bayan da Labour NEC ta haramta ta a tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. [5] [6] [7] An raba labarin farko a ranar 16 ga Yuli 2021 kuma na biyu a ranar 13 ga Agusta 2021. [8] [9] An haramta daukaka karar Socialist a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2021. [10] [11]

An zabi Egan a matsayin sakatare janar na Unison a watan Disamba na 2025, inda ya kayar da Christina McAnea mai ci a yanzu.   Egan ta sami kashi 60% na kuri'un amma kashi 7% ne kawai na 'yan Unison suka shiga zaben.   Ta fara wa'adinta na shekaru biyar a ranar 22 ga Janairun 2026.  

## Manazarta
Sarah Edwards (ɗan siyasa na Burtaniya)

**Sarah Siena Edwards** (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga Yuni 1988) 'yar siyasa ce ta jam'iyyar Labour ta Burtaniya wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisar dokoki (MP) ga Tamworth da ke Staffordshire tun bayan zaɓen maye gurbin da aka yi a shekarar 2023. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Sarah Siena Edwards  a watan Yunin 1988.  a Moseley, wani yanki a kudancin Birmingham . Mahaifinta malamin Turanci ne, yayin da mahaifiyarta da ɗan'uwanta duka ke aiki a Hukumar Lafiya ta Ƙasa .  Ta kammala karatunta a fannin Tsarin Sararin Samaniya daga Central Saint Martins da ke Landan a shekarar 2010.  

## Aiki a gaban Majalisa
A da ta taɓa zama gwamna a Hukumar Lafiya ta Ƙasa . [1] Ta yi aiki a Oxfam wajen tara kuɗi da kuma abubuwan da suka faru daga 2010 zuwa 2012. Daga nan ta koma Moseley don yin aiki a Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Ƙasa a 2012. Ta kammala kwas ɗin jagoranci na tawaye a 2012 kuma ta shiga Shirin Jakadun Matasan Shugabanni na Amurka a 2015. [2]

## Manazarta
Eliza Walker Dunbar

**Eliza Walker Dunbar** (4 Nuwamba 1845 - 25 Agusta 1925) likita ce 'yar Scotland, ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko a Burtaniya da aka yi aiki a matsayin likitan asibiti kuma ta farko da ta sami lasisin likita a Burtaniya ta hanyar gwaji.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Eliza Louisa Walker a titin Balaram, Bombay, Indiya a shekara ta 1845.  Mahaifinta, Alexander Walker, likita ne daga Edinburgh  wanda ya yi aiki a Sashen Soja na Bombay.  Ƙanenta, Archibald Dunbar Walker, shi ma ya yi karatu a fannin likitanci. 

Walker ta halarci Kwalejin Mata ta Cheltenham (1856–61), a lokacin shugabancin Dorothea Beale na farko.  'Yar likitan fiɗa, Beale fitacciyar mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ce, wadda ta haɓaka koyar da kimiyya da Jamusanci ga 'yan mata, a kan ilimin ɗan adam da Latin.  Walker ta ci gaba da hulɗa da Dorothea Beale da kwalejin bayan ta tafi, tana aiki a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin membobin kwamitin kafa ƙungiyar Kwalejin Mata ta Cheltenham  lokacin da aka kafa ta a 1884.  

Bayan ta bar Cheltenham, Eliza Walker ta yi karatu a wata makaranta mai zaman kanta da ke Frankfurt . [1] A shekarar 1867, tana karatun likitanci kuma tana samun horon likitanci a Landan a Makarantar Magunguna ta St Mary da ke Marylebone, wadda Elizabeth Garrett ke jagoranta. [2] Fatan Walker shi ne, kamar Garrett, za ta iya yin jarrabawar lasisi ta Ƙungiyar Magungunan Magunguna kuma a karɓe ta cikin rajistar likitanci ta wannan hanyar. Duk da haka, Ƙungiyar Magungunan Magunguna ta canza dokokinta a shekarar 1867 don ware waɗanda ba su halarci makarantun likitanci na yau da kullun ba. Tunda babu wata makarantar likitanci ta Ingila da ta karɓi mata, wannan ya cire duk masu neman mata.

## Sana'a

Bayan ta dawo Ingila a shekarar 1873, Dr Walker ta nemi aiki kuma aka naɗa ta a matsayin Likitan Hannu a Asibitin Yara Masu Ciwon Marasa Lafiya na Bristol (wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1866).  Wannan yana nan a lokacin a wani gidan zama da aka canza a Royal Fort, St Michael's Hill,  a gefen kudu na Royal Fort Gatehouse.  Ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin 'yan takara goma sha uku.  Ma'aikatan lafiya masu ci sun sanar da hukumar gwamnonin asibitin cewa za su yi murabus idan aka naɗa ta. Lokacin da ta sami aikin, ma'aikata biyu suka tafi nan take. Gwamnonin, waɗanda duk masu kuɗi ne a Bristol, sun ci gaba da goyon bayanta, yayin da rahotannin manema labarai suka nuna cewa akwai goyon bayan jama'a da yawa game da naɗin nata, a Bristol da kuma a ƙasa baki ɗaya.  Duk da haka, makonni biyar bayan haka, jayayya tsakanin Walker da wani ma'aikaci kan kula da majiyyaci ya sa sauran likitocin, duk maza, suka fita.  Wani ɓangare na matsalar ita ce Walker ita ce kawai likita mai albashi a asibitin, tare da ɗaukar nauyin kula da kulawa a can. Likitoci maza, waɗanda dukkansu ma'aikata ne masu daraja waɗanda suka ba da kansu don yin aikinsu, sun yi fushi da wata mata ta yi musu tambayoyi game da hukuncinsu.  Bayan fitar da sanarwar, Walker ta ci gaba da aiki na tsawon kwanaki biyar, ita ce kaɗai likitar da ke wurin, kafin ta yi murabus a ranar 25 ga Yuli don kare asibitin daga ƙarin kunya. 

## Manazarta
Lisa Forbes (ɗan siyasa)

**Lisa Jane Forbes** (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga Yuli 1969) 'yar siyasa ce ta jam'iyyar Labour ta Burtaniya wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisar dokoki (MP) ga Peterborough daga watan Yuni zuwa Nuwamba 2019.

## Farkon aikina
Forbes, wacce memba ce a GMB,  jami'a ce a Unite the Union . Ta yi aiki a Thomas Cook . 

## Farkon aikin siyasa
An zaɓi Forbes a matsayin kansila ta Labour a gundumar Orton Longueville a Majalisar Birnin Peterborough a shekarar 2012, inda ta tsaya takara a shekarar 2016 don mai da hankali kan takararta ta majalisar dokoki. [1] [2]

Ita ce 'yar takarar jam'iyyar Labour a Peterborough a babban zaɓen 2015, inda ta rage rinjayen 'yan jam'iyyar Conservative da fiye da rabi, amma ta zaɓi kada ta tsaya takara a zaɓen 2017 wanda Fiona Onasanya ta lashe kujerar jam'iyyar Labour.  Bayan an cire Onasanya ta hanyar shigar da ƙara, an zaɓi Forbes don sake tsayawa takara a zaɓen maye gurbin da ya biyo baya. 

## Manazarta
Jennie Formby

**Jennifer Formby** ( née haife **ta** a ranar 12 ga Afrilu 1960) ’yar Birtaniya ce mai rajin kare haƙƙin ’yan kwadago kuma ’yar siyasa wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Jam’iyyar Labour daga 2018 zuwa 2020. A da ta kasance daraktan siyasa kuma sakatariyar yankin kudu maso gabashin Ingila ta Unite the Union .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife ta Jennifer Sandle a London, mahaifinta ya yi aiki a Royal Navy a Koriya, Suez da Lebanon. Ta girma tare da babban ɗan'uwa da 'yar'uwa a Malta, Bath da Salisbury . Ta tafi Makarantar Sakandare ta Bath don 'yan mata sannan makarantar kwana ta St Helen da St Katharine a Abingdon, wacce Royal Navy ta biya tun tana 'yar shekara 14. Formby ya bar makaranta tare da Matakan O 10 da Matakan A 3, amma ya zaɓi kada ya je jami'a.

## Kungiyar kwadago
Formby ta zama 'yar ƙungiyar kwadago lokacin da ta fara aikinta a Salisbury a masu yin caca William Hill a ƙarshen shekarun 1970, kuma ta zama sakatariyar reshe a cikin wanda ya riga Unite, Transport and General Workers' Union .  Daga baya ta yi aiki ga BOC a Southampton, inda ta zama mai kula da shagon ƙungiyar kwadago. 

Formby ya zama jami'in sufuri da janar ma'aikata a shekarar 1988.  Ta wakilci ma'aikaciyar jinya ta Asibitocin Jami'ar Southampton NHS Trust a cikin wata shari'ar Kotun aiki a shekara ta 2004, inda ma'aikacin jinya baƙar fata ya sha wahala ta hanyar nuna bambancin launin fata ta hanyar hana shi kula da jariri. Formby ya zama jami'in kungiyar na kasa na abinci, abin sha da taba a shekara ta 2004.  A shekara ta 2013, an nada ta darakta na siyasa na Unite. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2016, Formby ya koma mukamin sakataren yanki a kudu maso gabashin Ingila.

## Siyasa
Tun daga ƙarshen shekara ta 2011, Formby ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa na Kasa (NEC) na Jam'iyyar Labour.

A watan Fabrairun 2018, Formby ta sanar da cewa ta kasance dan takara don zama Babban Sakatare na Jam'iyyar Labour, jim kadan bayan mai mulki, Iain McNicol, ya yi murabus.[1] Babban abokin hamayyarta, Jon Lansman, shugaban Momentum, ya fita daga takara a ranar 11 ga watan Maris, yana mai da Formby a gaba.[2]

A ranar 20 ga Maris 2018, an nada ta a matsayin, daga Afrilu 2018  .

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Formby da Len McCluskey suna da ɗa a shekara ta 1991. Ta auri Freddie Formby a shekara ta 2000 kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu tare kuma sun karbi na uku.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2019, Formby ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta yi wa kanta magani don cutar kansa.

## Manazarta
Dorothy Evans (mai haɗin gwiwar kwadago)

**Dorothy Evans** (1893 &#x2013; 22 September 1943) was a British trade union leader.

## Rayuwa
An haife shi a Stockport, Evans ya yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Stockport, sannan ya yi karatu da Jami'ar Manchester . [1] Daga 1918 zuwa 1931, ta yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatare na Association of Women Clerks and Sakatarians (AWCS), kuma ta hanyar wannan ta kasance mai aiki a Majalisa ta Kasuwanci, tana aiki a Kwamitin hadin gwiwa na Kungiyoyin Mata Masu Aiki.[2]

A lokacin da take hutu, Evans ta yi karatu don zama lauya, kuma an kira ta zuwa kotun a 1925. Duk da wannan, ta kasance jami'in kungiyar kwadago. Har ila yau, tana aiki a cikin Jam'iyyar Labour, ta tsaya ba tare da nasara ba a zaben Paddington ta Kudu na 1930.

A shekara ta 1931, Evans ta bar AWCS kuma ta zama sakatare na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa. Ta mutu a shekara ta 1943, bayan dogon rashin lafiya.

## Manazarta
Elizabeth Kifi

**Elizabeth Mary Jane Fish** (22 Disamba 1860 - 21 Maris 1944) malamar makaranta ce kuma mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin shugabar Cibiyar Ilimi ta Scotland,  tsohuwar ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta malamai a duniya.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Elizabeth Fish a 83 North Woodside Road a Glasgow, Scotland, a cikin 1860.  zuwa Jane McNaughton da William Fish, mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje na gari. William ya kasance limami a Cibiyar Sharp a Perth kuma a nan ne aka yi karatu a kan Kifi.

Kifi ta koma Glasgow don zama malamin dalibi, ta fara ne a makarantar jama'a ta Henderson Street inda ta zo ta farko a Scotland a jarrabawar Sarauniya. Bayan wannan, ta ci gaba da karatu a Kwalejin Horar da Cocin Glasgow na Scotland . 

A shekara ta 1885, Fish ta kammala karatun LLA (Lady Literate in Arts) daga Jami'ar St. Andrews,  tana karatun Faransanci da Italiyanci, wanda aka ba ta lambar yabo ta Society of Arts. 

## Ayyuka
Tsakanin 1881 da 1895, Kifi ya koyar ga Hukumar Makarantar Glasgow,  yana koyarwa a makarantar jama'a ta Runford Street da makarantar jama'ar Shields Road.  Daga nan sai ta ci gaba da koyarwa a Cibiyar Malamai, Glasgow, daga 1895 zuwa 1907  kafin ta ci gaba ta koyar a makarantar Whitehill Higher Grade da makarantar John Street Higher Grate daga 1907 zuwa 1920. 

Kifi ya kuma gudanar da darussan maraice don taimakawa mutanen da ke shiru da ba da laccoci a fannin ilimin lissafi da tsabta. Ta yi tsayayya da kira daga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi don gabatar da "ci gaban tseren" [1] a cikin koyarwa kuma ta yi imanin cewa "tsarkakewar jima'i" alhakin iyaye ne maimakon wani abu da ya kamata a gabatar da shi a cikin aji.[1]

## Shekaru na baya
Kifi ta kasance shugabar kungiyar Scottish Modern Languages Association (SMLA) na tsawon shekaru biyu kuma ta zama babban malami na Modern Languages a Bellahouston Academy a 1920 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 1925.  Ta kasance jagora a cikin jama'a a Glasgow kuma ta rike mukami a cikin rassan Glasgow na Ƙungiyar Malamai ta Class da Cibiyar Ilimi ta Scotland (EIS) a matsayin mai shirya Kwamitin Mata na Tsakiya na EIS daga 1902 zuwa gaba.

A watan Yunin 1913, an zabi Fish a matsayin mace ta farko a matsayin shugabar EIS. Ta samu kuri'u 4,822 idan aka kwatanta da sauran 'yan takara maza uku wadanda kuri'un da suka hada sun kai kuri'u 3,068.

## Manazarta
Edwina Hart

**Edwina Hart**, MBE (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 1957) 'yar siyasa ce ta Labour ta Wales  wacce ta wakilci mazabar Gower tun daga kafa Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ta Wales (Senedd) a 1999 har zuwa 2016. Hart ta yi aiki a Gwamnatin Wales a matsayin ministar majalisar ministoci tsawon shekaru 17, ta kasance AM, ciki har da Ministar Lafiya da Ayyukan Jin Daɗi daga 2007 zuwa 2011 da kuma Ministar Kasuwanci, Kasuwanci, Fasaha da Kimiyya daga 2011 zuwa 2016.

Ita ce ta zo ta biyu a zaɓen shugabancin jam'iyyar Labour ta Wales a shekarar 2009 .

## Tarihi
An haifi Hart kuma ta girma a Gowerton, Swansea, inda ta halarci makarantar Gowerton Girls' Grammar School. Ta fi jin daɗin Turanci da Kiɗa kuma ta zama memba na Ƙungiyar Matasa ta Wales . A yau Edwina tana zaune a Gowerton tare da iyalinta; tana da 'yar daya.

## Ayyukan sana'a
Hart ta yi aiki a banki, inda ta zama mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar kwadago. A sakamakon wannan aikin an zabe ta a matsayin mace ta farko ta shugaban Bankin, Inshora da Tarayyar Kudi, tana aiki daga 1992 zuwa 1994. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Wales TUC (kamar yadda mijinta, Bob Hart, ya yi a wata shekara). Hart daga baya ya sami MBE don ayyukan Kungiyar Kwadago. A cikin 1998 Edwina ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar watsa shirye-shirye ta Wales kuma ta zauna a kan kwamitin Cibiyar Millennium ta Wales .  Ta kuma zauna a Kotun daukaka kara ta aiki, ta kasance memba na Kudancin Yammacin Wales kuma darakta na Chwarae Teg . Edwina memba ce ta T&GWU da Community da kuma memba na Amicus.

## Ayyukan siyasa
An sake zabar ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Biyu a shekara ta 2003, ta kara mafi rinjaye zuwa 5688 (+ 8.2%) tare da 43.60% na kuri'un. Bayan zaben ta dauki sabon fayil ɗin Adalci na Jama'a kuma ta zama Ministan Shari'a da Sabuntawa na farko na Majalisar, wanda nauyinsa ya haɗa da tsaron al'umma, adalci na matasa, dangantakar 'yan sanda, sabis na wuta, barasa da miyagun ƙwayoyi, tattalin arzikin zamantakewa, yaki da talauci, gidaje, gidaje na zamantakewa, bangaren sa kai, batutuwan da suka shafi mafaka da shige da fice, hulɗa ga sojojin Wales, tsoffin sojoji, sabunta al'ummomi, da ci gaba.

A shekara ta 2004, a matsayinta na Ministan Adalci na Jama'a, Hart ta ba da umarnin wani rahoto mai zaman kansa game da ayyukan agaji na All Wales Ethnic Minority Association. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa bai kamata a ba da sabon ayyukan ba har sai AWEMA ta nuna ingantaccen aikin da gudanar da aiki,  kuma a sakamakon haka ya kamata a ba AWEMA "babban haɗari" ta hanyar cibiyar da ke tallafawa jama'a. 

## Manazarta
Dorothy Elliott

**Dorothy Mary Elliott** (mai aure **Dorothy Mary Jones** ) (19 ga Mayu 1896 - 25 Nuwamba 1980) ta kasance fitacciyar 'yar Birtaniya mai rajin kare hakkin mata kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin 'yan kasuwa. Ta kasance Shugabar Cibiyar Ma'aikatan Gidaje ta Ƙasa har zuwa 1959.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Elliott a shekara ta 1896 a Maidenhead . Iyayenta sune Alice Mary (an haife ta Taylor) da William James Elliott kuma dukansu malamai ne. Ita ce babba a cikin 'ya'yansu uku. Ta halarci Makarantar 'yan mata ta County a Maidenhead kafin ta sami tallafin karatu [1] wanda ya ba ta damar ɗaukar harsuna na zamani a Jami'ar Reading [2] ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na uku a shekara ta 1916. [1] Edith Morley ta ba da shawara game da aikinta - ta yi imanin cewa mata suna buƙatar yin gasa a cikin sana'o'i da yawa kuma ta ƙarfafa ta ta yi aiki a masana'antar makamai ta Kynoch a Witton, Birmingham.[3][4] An biya ta ƙasa, saboda ita mace ce, amma albashin ya fi yadda aka saba da ita. Dole ne ta yi aiki sau biyu na sa'o'i goma a kowane mako. Mako daya zai zama sauye-sauye na rana kuma mako mai zuwa zai zama sauyawa da dare tare da karuwar sa'a.[1]

Elliott ta shiga cikin darasi a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London inda masanin tarihi mai tasiri R.H.Tawney ya koya mata. Ta sami gogewa a kan karatun kimiyyar zamantakewa tare da Mary Macarthur's National Federation of Women Workers (NFWW). 

NFWW ta yi amfani da ita don daukar sabbin mambobi a Woolwich Arsenal. An biya ta albashi mara kyau na kwanaki 14 na sa'o'i, kwana bakwai a mako. A ƙarshen yaƙin, ma'aikatan makamai sun kori ma'aikata 26,000 tare da sanarwa na mako guda kawai. NFWW ta samu nasarar jayayya cewa ya kamata a biya su kudi na watanni uku. A shekara ta 1921 NFWW ta haɗu cikin Janar da Ma'aikatan Ma'aikata na Municipal kuma ta yi aiki a Lancashire har sai da ta koma London. Ta auri John Owen Jones a 1923 wanda ya kasance malami amma a lokacin ya kasance dalibi a Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Royal ya zama mawaƙin baritone na Welsh da aka sani da "Owen Bryngwyn".

## Manazarta
Beatrice Green

**Beatrice Green** ( née Dykes ; 1 Oktoba 1894 - 19 Oktoba 1927) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata 'yar ƙasar Wales wacce ta kasance jigo a yajin aikin gama gari na Burtaniya na 1926 da kuma kulle-kullen ma'aikatan haƙar ma'adinai da suka biyo baya. Ta kasance mai magana da rubutu da ake girmamawa sosai, ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar ma'aikata a Kudancin Wales kuma ta kasance fitacciyar memba a Jam'iyyar Labour a Monmouthshire .

An haife ta a cikin dangin hakar ma'adinai a Abertillery, Green da farko ta yi aiki a matsayin malami kafin a tilasta ta tafi saboda haramtacciyar aure a kan aurenta a 1916. Ta shiga cikin siyasar ma'aikata a farkon shekarun 1920, tana ba da shawara ga haƙƙin mata da hana haihuwa. A lokacin rufewar ma'aikatan ma'adinai na 1926, Green ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin agaji, yana aiki da gidajen dafa abinci da ke ciyar da mutane 1,600 a kowace rana kuma yana taimakawa wajen bunkasa yara 2,500 masu rauni daga al'ummomin ma'adanai. A matsayinta na shugabar Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Mata ta Monmouthshire, ta zama fitacciyar mai tara kuɗi da mai magana da yawun Kwamitin Mata don Taimako ga Mata da Yara na Ma'aikata.

A shekara ta 1926, an zabi Green a matsayin wani ɓangare na wakilai goma sha tara daga Tarayyar Ma'aikata ta Burtaniya don ziyartar Tarayyar Soviet, inda ta yi nazarin yanayin aiki da haƙƙin mata. Rahotanni da ta biyo baya a cikin mujallar Labour Woman sun yaba da nasarorin Soviet a daidaiton jinsi, kodayake masana tarihi daga baya sun bayyana bincikenta a matsayin "wani abu mara kyau". Duk da takaitaccen aikin siyasa, wanda ta ragu da mutuwarta tana da shekaru 33 a 1927, Green ta kafa kanta a matsayin murya mai tasiri a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta Welsh kuma an dauke ta da babbar dama ga jagorancin siyasa na gaba.

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko da shiga cikin gwagwarmaya
An haifi Beatrice Dykes a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1894 a Abertillery, Monmouthshire, Wales . Ita ce ta bakwai cikin 'ya'ya takwas na William da Mary Dykes, mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin Ma'aikacin tin kafin ya zama mai hakar kwal. Iyalin sun shafi haɗarin rayuwar hakar ma'adinai kai tsaye lokacin da aka kashe ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta a hatsarin hakar ma-adinai a 1910. Bayan ta halarci Makarantar coci yankin, ta ci gaba zuwa makarantar Abertillery Grammar School kafin ta horar da malama. Ta shiga cikin Makarantar Lahadi a Ikilisiyar Baptist ta Ebenezer kuma an dauke ta a matsayin mai koyarwa mai iyawa.

A ranar 22 ga Afrilu 1916, ta auri mai hakar kwal Ronald Emlyn Green . Duk da sunanta a matsayin malami mai daraja, an tilasta mata ta yi murabus daga matsayinta saboda haramcin auren Burtaniya - aikin nuna bambanci da aka saba yi a kasashen da ke magana da Turanci daga ƙarshen karni na 19 zuwa 1970 wanda ke buƙatar mata su bar aikinsu bayan aure, musamman ya shafi malamai da ma'aikatan malamai.   Ba za a soke wannan aikin ga malamai ba har sai Dokar Ilimi ta 1944.

## Manazarta
Lilian Greenwood

**Lilian Rachel Greenwood** (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga Maris 1966)   'yar siyasa ce ta Jam'iyyar Labour ta Burtaniya wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin ' yar Majalisar Dokoki (MP) a Nottingham South tun daga 2010, kuma mataimakiyar Sakatare na Harkokin Sufuri na Majalisar Dokoki ta Tarayya tun daga Satumba 2025. 

Tsohuwar jami'ar kungiyar kwadago, ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Harkokin Sufuri a cikin majalisar ministocin Jeremy Corbyn daga 2015 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi murabus a 2016, kuma a matsayin ministan sufuri a karkashin jagoran adawa Ed Miliband daga 2011 zuwa 2015. A kan kujerun baya, Greenwood ya jagoranci Kwamitin Zaɓin Sufuri daga 2017 zuwa 2020, da Kwamitin Kudi na Commons daga 2020 zuwa 2021. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Babban Whip na House of Commons tsakanin 2021 da 2023, Ministan Inuwa na Arts, Heritage da Civil Society daga 2023 har zuwa 2024, kuma a cikin gwamnatin Keir Starmer, Mataimakin Sakataren Gwamnati na Makomar Hanyoyi daga 2024 zuwa 2025.

## Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
An haifi Greenwood a ranar 26 ga Maris 1966 a Bolton, Lancashire .  Ta halarci Makarantar Canon Slade, makarantar sakandare ta Ikilisiyar Ingila, kafin ta halarci Kwalejin St. Catharine, Cambridge .

Ya koma Southwell, Nottinghamshire a cikin 1999,  Greenwood ya yi aiki a cikin gundumar don Unison, ƙungiyar kwadago ta jama'a, na tsawon shekaru 17. 

## Ayyukan majalisa
An zabi Greenwood a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Labour a Babban zaben 2010 bayan dan majalisa na Labour, Alan Simpson, ya sanar a 2007 cewa ba zai tsaya takara ba. An zabe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisa tare da kashi 37.3% na kuri'un, kashi 4.4% a kan abokin hamayyarta mafi kusa.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan zaben ta, ta shiga Kwamitin Zaɓin Sufuri,  kuma daga baya aka nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar 'yan adawa. A ƙarshen watan Satumbar 2011, jagoran Labour Ed Miliband ya inganta ta zuwa matsayin Ministan Inuwa na Rail, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa sake zaben ta a Babban zaben 2015.

Bayan zaben Jeremy Corbyn a matsayin Shugaban Jam'iyyar Labour, a ranar 14 ga Satumba 2015 an kara mata matsayi zuwa majalisar ministocin Inuwa a matsayin Sakataren Harkokin Sufuri.

## Manazarta
Anne Godwin

**Dame Beatrice Annie Godwin** DBE (6 Yuli 1897 - 11 Janairu 1992),  wacce aka fi sani da **Anne Godwin**, 'yar Burtaniya ce mai rajin kare haƙƙin ma'aikata .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haife shi a watan Yulin 1897 a Farncombe, Surrey, mahaifin Godwin ya kasance mai zane-zane. Ta halarci makaranta a Godalming har zuwa shekara 15, a 1912, lokacin da ta bar ta fara aiki a matsayin magatakarda a West End na London. A shekara ta 1916, ta shiga Ofishin Biyan Sojoji a matsayin magatakarda na farar hula, tana samun shillings 16 a mako. Sauran mata da ke aiki a ofishin sun shirya don neman albashi mafi girma daga Mai biyan Sojoji.[1] Ta shiga kungiyar mata ma'aikatan mata da sakatariyar mata (AWCS) bayan ta koma ofishin injiniya a shekarar 1920. [2]

A shekara ta 1928, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shirya Kungiyar kwadago kuma ta kula da alhakin da suka shafi tattaunawa da kuma gudanarwa gaba ɗaya.

## Rayuwa ta baya
A shekara ta 1940, yawancin mambobin AWCS sun kada kuri'a don amincewa da hadewa. Kungiyoyin biyu sun haɗu kuma sun zama sanannun Kungiyar Ma'aikata da Ma'aikata. Anne Godwin ta kasance Mataimakin Babban Sakatare, kuma ta shirya mujallar ƙungiyar, mai taken The Clerk .  Daga 1961 zuwa 1962, ta yi aiki a matsayin daya daga cikin mata na farko da suka zama Shugaba na Trades Union Congress (TUC), babbar kungiyar kasuwanci ta Burtaniya, bayan Margaret Bondfield, Anne Loughlin da Florence Hancock. 

An nada shi Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire a 1962, Dame Anne Godwin ita ce mai magana da baki a taron 1980 lokacin da ƙungiyar ta yi bikin cika shekaru 90 . 

## Manazarta
Vicky Foxcroft

**Victoria Jane Foxcroft** (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga Maris 1977) 'yar siyasa ce ta jam'iyyar Labour ta Burtaniya wacce ta kasance ' yar majalisar dokoki (MP) mai wakiltar Lewisham North, wacce a da Lewisham Deptford ce, tun daga shekarar 2015. Tsohuwar jami'ar ƙungiyar kwadago ce kuma 'yar majalisar Lewisham ce daga 2010 zuwa 2014.

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi Victoria Foxcroft a ranar 9 ga Maris, 1977 a Chorley .    Ta fuskanci cin zarafi a lokacin yarintarta.  Ta yi karatun digiri na farko a fannin wasan kwaikwayo da kasuwanci a Jami'ar De Montfort tsakanin 1996 da 2000.  

Foxcroft ta kasance memba na jam'iyyar Labour tun 1997,  kuma ta zauna a taron manufofin jam'iyyar na ƙasa .  Daga 2010 zuwa Mayu 2014 ta kasance kansila a yankin Brockley a Majalisar Lewisham .  

A shekara ta 2002, Foxcroft ta zama jami'a a Ƙungiyar Injiniya da Lantarki ta Amalgamated (AEEU), ta ci gaba har zuwa haɗakar AEEU zuwa Amicus a shekara ta 2001, da kuma haɗakar Amicus zuwa Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan a shekara ta 2007. Ta kasance jami'ar bincike daga 2002 zuwa 2005; jami'ar siyasa daga 2005 zuwa 2009, kuma jami'ar ɓangaren kuɗi daga 2009 zuwa 2015. 

## Aikin majalisar dokoki
A babban zaɓen 2015, an zaɓi Foxcroft a matsayin 'yar majalisar dokoki ta Lewisham Deptford da kashi 60.2% na ƙuri'u da kuma rinjayen 21,516.    Foxcroft ta yi jawabinta na farko a muhawara kan Dokar Scotland a ranar 8 ga Yuni 2015, inda ta yi ambaton waƙoƙi daga Jaridar The Red Flag . 

Bayan zaɓen Jeremy Corbyn a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Labour a watan Satumba na 2015, an naɗa Foxcroft a matsayin bulala. 

Ta goyi bayan Owen Smith a zaɓen shugabancin jam'iyyar Labour (UK) na 2016. 

A shekarar 2016, Foxcroft ta kafa Hukumar Cin Zarafin Matasa ta jam'iyyu daban-daban, wadda take ci gaba da jagorantarta. 

A babban zaɓen 2017, an sake zaɓen Foxcroft a matsayin ɗan majalisar Lewisham Deptford da ƙarin kaso na ƙuri'u da kashi 77% da kuma ƙarin rinjaye na 34,899.  

A watan Yunin 2019 aka naɗa Foxcroft a matsayin Ministan Inuwa na Ƙungiyoyin Farar Hula. 

A babban zaɓen 2019, an sake zaɓen Foxcroft, inda aka samu raguwar kaso 70.8% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa, sannan aka samu raguwar rinjayen kuri'u 32,913. 

Foxcroft ta goyi bayan Lisa Nandy a zaɓen shugabancin jam'iyyar Labour na 2020. 

Foxcroft ta goyi bayan rage shekarun kaɗa ƙuri'a zuwa 16, inda za ta jagoranci jam'iyyar APG don ƙuri'u a shekaru 16.  &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

Foxcroft ta yi tambaya a watan Afrilun 2021 game da abin da ake ganin shine tambaya ta farko da aka taɓa yi a Tambayoyin Firayim Minista a Harshen Kurame na Burtaniya, wanda hakan ya jawo hankali ga rashin mai fassara harshen kurame a taron manema labarai na Boris Johnson . [1] Yayin da ake watsa shirye-shiryen manema labarai tare da mai fassara a kan allo, Foxcroft ya nuna damuwa game da rashin mai fassara a kan dandamali. Akwai ƙalubale da dama na shari'a da ke tattare da wannan dalili yana iƙirarin cewa gwamnati tana karya dokar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam. [2]

## Manazarta