Mata a cikin sojojin Rasha da Soviet

Mata sun taka rawa da yawa a tarihin soja na Rasha da Soviet. Mata sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a yakin duniya a Rasha da Tarayyar Soviet, musamman a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.

Ya zuwa watan Maris din shekarar 2024, a cewar ministan tsaron kasar Rasha, mata 37,500 ne suka yi aikin sojan kasar Rasha, yayin da 275,000 suka kasance ma'aikatan farar hula. 

## Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya

Mata sun yi aiki a cikin sojojin Rasha da yawa a farkon yakin, amma adadinsu ya karu bayan hasarar da Rasha ta yi kamar yakin Tannenberg da Tafkunan Masurian da kuma bukatar karin ma'aikata. Daya daga cikin irin wannan daukar ma'aikata shi ne Maria Bochkareva, wanda ya yi aiki tare da 25th Battalion Reserve na Rasha Army. Bayan hambarar da Nicholas II na Rasha a watan Maris na 1917, ta shawo kan firaministan wucin gadi Alexander Kerensky ya bar ta ta kafa bataliyar mata. Battalion ta mata ta yi yaki a watan Yuni a kan sojojin Jamus a 1917. Watanni uku da aka kwashe ana gwabzawa ya rage adadinsu zuwa kusan 250. An wargaza Battalion ta mata bayan wani juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi a 1917 wanda aka fi sani da Kornilov Affair . Shugabanta, Janar Lavr Kornilov, ya sami goyon baya sosai daga Bochkareva. 

Yawancin mata matukan jirgi an san su daga yakin duniya na farko, misali daya shine Sofya Alekseevna Dolgorukova . An ba Gimbiya Eugenie Shakovskaya aiki a matsayin matukin jirgin sama na bindigogi da leken asiri, bayan ya ba da gudummawa ga ma'aikatar jirgin sama ta Imperial a 1914 (daya daga cikin mata na farko na soja a duniya) kuma ya tashi tare da 26th Corps Air Squadron a 1917 na tsawon watanni tara. Saboda alakar ta da dangin Imperial an kore ta bayan juyin juya halin Oktoba. Lyubov A. Golanchikova matukin jirgi ne na gwaji wanda ya ba da gudummawar jirginta ga sojojin Czarist; Helen P. Samsonova an sanya shi zuwa 5th Corps Air Squadron a matsayin mai binciken matukin jirgi. Kuma a cikin 1915, Nedeshda Degtereva yana da bambanci na kasancewa mace ta farko da ta samu rauni a yakin yayin da take aikin leken asiri a gaban Austrian a Galicia. 

## Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu

Mata sun taka rawa a yawancin sojojin yakin duniya na biyu. A yawancin ƙasashe ko da yake, mata sun kasance suna yin hidima galibi a fannin gudanarwa, likitanci da kuma ayyukan taimako. Amma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet mata kuma sun yi yaƙi a gaba-gaba matsayin. Sama da mata 800,000 ne suka yi aiki a cikin sojojin Soviet a yakin duniya na biyu, akasari a matsayin likitoci da ma'aikatan jinya, wanda ya wuce kashi 3 cikin dari na jimillar ma'aikata; kusan 200,000 daga cikinsu an yi musu ado. 89 daga cikinsu a ƙarshe sun sami lambar yabo mafi girma na Tarayyar Soviet, Jarumi na Tarayyar Soviet, sun yi aiki a matsayin matukin jirgi, maharbi, maharba, ma'aikatan tanki da ƴan jam'iyya, da kuma a matsayin taimako. Kadan daga cikin wadannan matan, an kara musu girma zuwa jami'ai. 

### Jiragen sama
Ga 'yan matan Soviet, kayan aiki don wannan canji shine Marina Raskova, sanannen ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa na Rasha. Raskova ya zama sanannen ma'aikacin jirgin sama a matsayin matukin jirgi da navigator a cikin 1930s. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama ma’aikaciyar jirgin ruwa a cikin rundunar Sojan Sama a shekarar 1933. Raskova ta yi amfani da haɗin gwiwarta da Joseph Stalin don shawo kan sojoji su kafa tsarin yaƙi guda uku na mata.  Tarayyar Soviet ita ce kasa ta farko da ta baiwa mata matukan jirgi damar yin aikin yaki. Wadannan runduna masu karfin mata masu iska kusan dari, sun yi jigilar sama da nau'ikan yaki sama da 30,000, sun samar da jarumai sama da ashirin na Tarayyar Soviet, kuma sun hada da mayaka guda biyu. An fara kiran wannan rukunin sojan jirgin saman *Rukunin Jirgin Sama 122* yayin da rundunonin sojoji uku suka sami horo. Bayan horar da su, rundunonin guda uku sun sami sunayensu na yau da kullun a matsayin 586th Fighter Aviation Regiment,  587th Bomber Aviation Regiment, da 588th Night Bomber Regiment .