Penuell Maduna

**Penuell Mpapa Maduna** (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Disamba 1952)  ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma ɗan kasuwa. Maduna mai fafutukar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata a lokacin kuruciyarsa, an naɗa Maduna a gwamnatin Shugaba Nelson Mandela a shekarar 1994. Daga nan ya zama ministan ma'adinai da makamashi da kuma, tsakanin shekarun 1999 da 2004, a matsayin ministan shari'a da raya tsarin mulki. Da yake riƙe da digirin digirgir na doka daga Unisa,  kuma ya kasance mai ba da shawara kan harkokin shari'a na jam'iyyarsa ta African National Congress a lokacin tattaunawar kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata.

Wa'adinsa na ministan shari'a, ƙarƙashin shugaba Thabo Mbeki, ya fuskanci cece-kuce sakamakon binciken da masu gabatar da kara suka yi kan mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Jacob Zuma kan zargin cin hanci da rashawa. Maduna ya yi murabus daga harkokin siyasa a shekarar 2004 kuma yanzu ya zama ɗan kasuwa.

## Rayuwa da aiki

### Rayuwar farko
An haife shi a Johannesburg a ranar 29 ga watan Disamba 1952, Maduna ya girma a Rockville, Soweto.  Mahaifiyarsa da kakarsa dukkansu ma'aikatan gida ne, kuma na ƙarshen mamba ne a jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC).  Yayin da yake Jami'ar Zululand, ya mallaki muƙaman jagoranci a cikin ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta Afirka ta Kudu, kuma ya ambaci masu Black Consciousness a matsayin masu tasiri a gare shi a wannan lokacin.  An tsare shi kuma an tuhume shi a sakamakon boren Soweto na shekarar 1976, kuma, da zarar an sake shi, ya kwashe shekarun 1980 yana gudun hijira tare da ANC, wanda aka haramta a cikin Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin.

### Aikin siyasa
Gudun hijira na Maduna ya haɗa da sihiri a Maputo, Mozambique, inda ya zauna tare da Albie Sachs; a New York; kuma a hedkwatar ANC a Lusaka, Zambia. A Lusaka, ya kasance memba na kafa kwamitin tsarin mulki na ANC,  kuma ya halarci yawancin tarurrukan tuntuɓa na ANC tare da wakilan 'yan kasuwa na Afirka ta Kudu farar fata da wakilan ƙungiyoyin jama'a.  Bayan da aka dakatar da ANC a shekarar 1990, ya kasance cikin tawagar jam'iyyar ANC a lokacin tattaunawar da aka yi na kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata. A cikin shekarar 1991, an zaɓe shi a matsayin Babban Kwamitin Zartarwa na ANC, kuma an sake zaɓen shi a wannan muƙamin har zuwa taron Polokwane na shekarar 2007.

A lokacin da jam'iyyar ANC ta lashe zaɓen dimokuradiyya na farko a Afirka ta Kudu, an naɗa shi mataimakin ministan harkokin cikin gida a ƙarƙashin shugaba Nelson Mandela.  A cikin shekarar 1996, lokacin da ficewar jam'iyyar National Party daga gwamnatin riƙon kwarya ta haɗin kan ƙasa  ya kawo sauyi a majalisar ministoci, an ɗaga shi zuwa ma'aikatar ma'adinai da makamashi.  A cikin shekarar 1999, sabon zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasa Thabo Mbeki ya naɗa shi ministan shari'a da raya tsarin mulki.  Ya yi aiki a wannan ofishin na wa’adi ɗaya, ya yi murabus daga majalisar ministoci da kuma siyasa bayan zaɓen 2004.

### Aiki a cikin kasuwanci
Bayan ya yi ritaya daga siyasa, babban abin da Maduna ya fara yi shi ne a matsayin shugaba kuma mai hannun jarin Tshwarisano, wata ƙungiyar da ta samu kashi 25% na kamfanin man petrochemicals Sasol a wata yarjejeniyar karfafa tattalin arzikin bakar fata na R1.45 biliyan.    Tun daga lokacin ya zama shugaban SAB Zenzele, abokin karfafa tattalin arzikin baƙar fata na Afirka ta Kudu Breweries.   Ya kuma riƙe manyan muƙamai a kamfanin lauya Bowman Gilfillan (ciki har da mataimakin shugaban ƙasa),  da sha'awar kasuwanci a ma'adinan platinum, dukiya, da banki. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Har zuwa shekarar 2013 ya auri wata ‘yar kasuwa mai suna Nompumelelo Maduna, wacce suke da ‘ya’ya biyu manya.

## Rigingimu

### Rigima da Babban mai binciken kuɗi
A cikin watan Yunin 1997, Maduna ya yi iƙirarin a majalisa cewa, babban mai binciken kuɗi, Henry Kluever, ya yi ɓarna da sata da ya kai Naira miliyan 170 a asusun mai.    Mai kare Jama'a, Selby Baqwa, daga baya ya gano cewa ta hanyar yin wannan ikirari Maduna ya saɓa wa tsarin mulkin ƙasa,  kuma ya ba da shawarar a ɗauki matakin ladabtarwa a kan Maduna.  Haka kuma wani kwamitin majalisar da aka naɗa na musamman ya gano cewa halin Maduna bai dace ba kuma ya saba wa dokokin majalisar. 

### Zarge-zargen leƙen asiri
A watan Oktoban 1997, Maduna na ɗaya daga cikin ’yan siyasar jam’iyyar ANC da dama da ‘yar majalisar dokokin ƙasar Patricia de Lille ta yi zargin cewa ta yi wa gwamnatin wariyar launin fata leƙen asiri a bainar jama’a.  Ta sake maimaita zargin - wanda Maduna ya musanta - a shekarun baya.

### Binciken Jacob Zuma
A shekarar 2003 Maduna ya shiga cikin rigimar hukumar da ke kula da masu gabatar da ƙara ta ƙasa  (NPA), sannan a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Buleni Ngcuka, kuma ma’aikatar Maduna ne ke kula da ita. A ci gaba da binciken NPA kan cin hanci da rashawa da 'yan siyasar ANC ke yi, ciki har da mataimakin shugaban ƙasa Jacob Zuma, abokan Zuma sun zargi Maduna da Ngcuka da bin ka'idojin siyasa. Shi ma mai bayar da tallafi na jam’iyyar ANC kuma hamshakin mai hako ma’adinai Brett Kebble ya yi zarge-zarge daban-daban kan Maduna.  An tsawaita wa'adin hukumar Hefer, kwamitin shari'a na bincike kan zargin da ake yi wa Ngcuka, domin ta binciki ko Maduna ya yi amfani da karfin ikonsa a NPA,  kuma Maduna ya bayyana jim kaɗan bayan zaɓen shekara ta 2004 ya yi niyyar sauka daga mulki. Hukumar Hefer ba ta binciki Maduna daga ƙarshe ba,  amma Maduna ya ci gaba da ƙare Ngcuka daga zarge-zargen rashin ɗa’a da Zuma ya yi, lamarin da ya janyo cece-ku-ce tsakanin jama’a da mai kare al’umma Lawrence Mushwana.

## Duba kuma

* Masu kunama
* Tarihin Majalisar Wakilan Afirka

## Manazarta