Steve Cohen (mai kasuwanci)

**Steven A. Cohen** (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 1956) wani manaja ne na Amurka kuma mai kamfanin New York Mets of Major League Baseball (MLB) tun daga ranar 14 ga Satumba, 2020, yana da kusan kashi 97% na ƙungiyar.  Shi ne wanda ya kafa asusun hedge Point72 Asset Management da SAC Capital Advisors . 

A shekarar 2013, SAC Capital Advisors ta amsa laifinta na cinikin sirri kuma ta amince ta biya dala $1.8.&nbsp;tarar biliyan ($900)&nbsp;asarar dala miliyan 900 da kuma asarar dala miliyan 100&nbsp;tara miliyan) a cikin ɗaya daga cikin manyan laifukan da aka yi wa wani asusun hedge. An hana Cohen sarrafa kuɗin waje na tsawon shekaru biyu a matsayin wani ɓangare na sulhun da aka cimma a shari'ar farar hula kan alhakinsa na badakalar. Asusun hedge ya amince ya amsa laifin zamba ta hanyar waya da tuhume-tuhume huɗu na zamba ta tsaro da kuma rufe ƙofofinsa ga masu zuba jari na waje. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Cohen a Great Neck, New York, inda mahaifinsa ke aiki a matsayin mai ƙera tufafi a gundumar tufafi ta Manhattan, mahaifiyarsa kuma malamar piano ce.  Ya girma a cikin iyalin Yahudawa.  

Cohen, wanda shi ne na uku cikin yara takwas, ya fara sha'awar wasan karta a lokacin makarantar sakandare, inda sau da yawa yake yin fare da kuɗinsa a gasa. Cohen sau da yawa yana jin daɗin yin wannan wasan tare da abokansa kamar abokinsa Kenny Ginsburg. Ya yaba wa wasan da koya masa "yadda ake ɗaukar kasada."  Ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta John L. Miller Great Neck North a shekarar 1974, inda ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa. 

Cohen ya sami digirin tattalin arziki daga Makarantar Wharton ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania a shekarar 1978. Yayin da yake Penn, ya shiga reshen Theta na ƙungiyar Zeta Beta Tau, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'ajin kuɗi. Wani abokinsa ya taimaka masa ya buɗe asusun dillali ta amfani da dala 1,000 na kuɗin karatunsa, wanda hakan ya nuna shigarsa kasuwannin kuɗi. 

## Sana'ar saka hannun jari

### Gruntal & Co. (1978–1992)
A shekarar 1978, bayan kammala karatunsa daga Penn, Cohen ya sami aikin Wall Street a matsayin ƙaramin ɗan kasuwa a sashen sasantawa na zaɓi a Gruntal &amp;amp; Co.  A ranarsa ta farko a aikin Gruntal & Co., ya sami ribar dala 8,000. Daga ƙarshe ya ci gaba da samar da kamfanin kusan dala 100,000 a rana  kuma daga ƙarshe ya mallaki fayil ɗin dala miliyan 75 da 'yan kasuwa shida.  Cohen yana gudanar da ƙungiyar ciniki a Gruntal & Co. a shekarar 1984 kuma ya ci gaba da gudanar da ita har sai da ya kafa kamfaninsa, SAC Capital, a shekarar 1992. 

A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Hukumar Tsaro da Musayar Kuɗi ta fara zargin cewa Cohen ya yi amfani da bayanan sirri a watan Disamba na 1985 lokacin da ya yi fare cewa RCA da GE za su haɗu, kafin sanarwar. Hukumar Tsaro ta Ƙasa (SEC) ta kira shi don ya ba da shaida, amma ya ƙi amsa duk wata tambaya, yana mai neman haƙƙinsa na kin nuna son kai . Daga nan, Hukumar Tsaro ta Ƙasa (SEC) ta fara duba sauran jarin da ya zuba a wannan lokacin, musamman waɗanda suka shafi Brett K. Lurie. Duk da haka, ba a tuhumi Cohen da laifin cinikin cikin gida ba.

### SAC Capital Advisors (1992–2016)
A shekarar 1992, Cohen ya fara SAC Capital Advisors da dala miliyan 10 na kudinsa da kuma wani dala miliyan 10 daga hannun jarin waje. Sunan kamfanin, 'SAC Capital', ya samo asali ne daga farkon sunan Steven A. Cohen. 

A shekara ta 2003, *jaridar New York Times* ta rubuta cewa "SAC tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kuɗaɗen hedge kuma an san ta da ciniki akai-akai da sauri."  A shekara ta 2006, *jaridar Wall Street Journal* ta ruwaito cewa, yayin da Cohen ya taɓa zama ɗan kasuwa mai saurin kashe kuɗi wanda bai taɓa riƙe muƙamai na dogon lokaci ba, yanzu yana riƙe da hannun jari da yawa na tsawon lokaci.  

Ya zuwa shekarar 2009, kamfanin ya sami ribar hannun jari na dala biliyan 14. 

### tuhumar satar fasaha da ciniki a cikin gida
A watan Disamba na 2009, tsohuwar matar Steven, Patricia Cohen, ta kai ƙarar Cohen da ɗan'uwansa Donald T. Cohen bisa laifin yin zamba da kuma yin ciniki a ɓoye .  A ranar 30 ga Maris, 2011, Kotun Gundumar Amurka da ke Lower Manhattan ta yi watsi da ƙarar, amma, a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2013, Kotun Ɗaukaka Ƙara ta Biyu ta Amurka da ke New York ta yanke hukunci cewa wata ƙaramar kotu ta yi kuskure wajen yin watsi da ƙarar da tsohuwar matarsa ta yi bisa ga zamba, sannan ta sake farfaɗo da ƙarar.     Kotun Ɗaukaka Ƙara ta kuma farfaɗo da ƙarar yin zamba da kuma karya amanar da aka ɗora mata yayin da take kare ƙarar da aka yi wa ƙarar da ba ta dace ba.

Da yake rubuta wa kwamitin alkalai uku, Alkali Pierre N. Leval, ya ce Patricia Cohen ta yi zargin cewa Steven Cohen ya ɓoye dala miliyan 5.5 a lokacin tattaunawar yarjejeniyar rabuwa a shekarar 1989, wanda ya gabaci rabuwar. Farfado da karar ya zo ne a daidai lokacin da ake matsa wa Steven Cohen lamba kan wani bincike na sirri da ya kai ga kama Michael Steinberg, ɗaya daga cikin amintattun Cohen mafi kusanci a SAC Capital. Ƙungiyoyin SAC sun cimma yarjejeniyar ciniki ta sirri guda biyu da jimillarsu ta kai kusan dala miliyan 616 tare da Hukumar Tsaro da Musayar Hannun Jari ta Amurka. SAC ba ta amince ko musanta aikata laifi ba a kowane hali. 

### Binciken SEC (2012–2016)
A ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2012, an tuhumi Cohen da laifin cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gida wanda ya shafi tsohon manajan SAC, Mathew Martoma .   Hukumar SEC ta tuhumi wasu ma'aikatan SAC da yawa daga 2010 zuwa 2013 tare da sakamako daban-daban. An yanke wa Martoma hukunci a shekarar 2014, a cikin abin da masu gabatar da kara na tarayya suka yi kira da a matsayin makircin cin hanci da rashawa mafi riba a tarihi.  Daga baya Hukumar SEC ta shigar da kara a kan Cohen, tana zargin gazawarsa wajen kula da Martoma da Michael Steinberg, wanda babban ma'aikaci ne kuma amintaccen Cohen.  Cohen ya warware shari'arsa ta farar hula tare da masu kula da harkokin gwamnati a watan Janairun 2016; yarjejeniyar da ta yi da SEC ta hana Cohen sarrafa kudaden waje har zuwa 2018. 

SAC Capital Advisors "ya amsa laifinsa na cinikin sirri a shekarar 2013 kuma ya biya tarar dala biliyan 1.8" kuma an buƙaci ya daina kula da jarin da aka zuba wa 'yan ƙasashen waje.  Cohen "ya tsere wa tuhumar aikata laifuka duk da cewa shi ne zuciyar SAC Capital mai rai da numfashi."  An nuna shi a cikin wani labarin jaridar *New Yorker* na watan Janairun 2017 mai taken "Lokacin da Tarayyar Amurka ta Biya Tarihin Asusun Hedge-Asusun Steven A. Cohen".

### Point72 Ventures (2014–yanzu)
A shekarar 2014, Cohen ya kafa Point72 Ventures, "wani asusun jari na kamfani wanda ke yin saka hannun jari a matakin farko". 

### Matsi na GameStop
A watan Janairun 2021, asusun hedge na Cohen Point72 ya haɗu da Ken Griffin 's Citadel wajen saka dala biliyan 2.75 a Melvin Capital, asusun hedge na tsohon mai kare Cohen Gabe Plotkin, sakamakon GameStop short squeeze .   Cohen ya musanta cewa shiga cikin gajeren matsewa zai shafi shirye-shiryensa na kashe kuɗi a New York Mets.  Cohen ya kashe asusunsa na Twitter a ranar 29 ga Janairu, 2021, saboda barazanar da ake yi masa da iyalinsa. 

## Dukiya
A shekarar 2024, *Forbes* ta kiyasta cewa dukiyar Cohen ta kai dala biliyan 21.3, wanda hakan ya sanya shi a matsayin mutum na 30 mafi arziki a Amurka.  An yi wa Cohen lakabi da "sarkin asusun hedge asusu" a cikin wani labarin *Wall Street Journal* na 2006. An ruwaito cewa diyyarsa ta 2005 ta kai dala biliyan 1,  ta fi ta diyyarsa ta 2001 ta dala miliyan 428.  A watan Fabrairun 2015, Forbes ta lissafa Cohen a matsayin manajan asusun hedge mafi samun riba a 2014.  A watan Disamba na 2013, an lissafa gidan Cohen na New York da ke Bloomberg Tower da farashin farko na dala miliyan 115.  A cewar *masu zuba jari na cibiyoyi*, Cohen ya samu kimanin dala biliyan 1.7 a 2020. 

## New York Mets
Cohen ya zama ɗan tsiraru mai mallakar ƙungiyar New York Mets of Major League Baseball (MLB) a shekarar 2012, tare da hannun jarin kashi 8% a ƙungiyar.   A watan Agusta na 2020, Cohen ya shiga tattaunawa da Fred Wilpon da Saul Katz don siyan wani kamfani mai iko a ƙungiyar kafin cimma yarjejeniya a watan da ya biyo baya.   MLB ta amince da siyar da ƙungiyar a watan Oktoba na 2020, wanda hakan ya ba Cohen damar karɓar iko a watan Nuwamba. 

A shekarar 2021, Mets sun sha wahala sosai. Cohen ya kori Brodie Van Wagenen lokacin da ya karɓi ragamar jagorancin ƙungiyar da kuma Jared Porter saboda cin zarafin wata 'yar jarida mace. Bugu da ƙari, rashin samun nasara daga 'yan wasa da dama da ya samu ya haifar da rushewar tarihi a ƙungiyar Mets. Mets sun kasance a matsayi na farko a cikin ƙungiyar da ta fi kowacce ƙungiyar da ta ƙare da rashin nasara a tarihin MLB, kuma ƙungiyar ta kammala da rikodin 77-85.  A shekarar 2022, tare da mafi girman albashi a wasan baseball, ƙungiyar ta yi mafi kyau, ta kammala da rikodin 101-61 kuma ta shiga gasar share fagen shiga gasar. Duk da haka, Mets ta yi nasarar cin nasara a wasanni 10.5 ga Atlanta Braves, inda ta zama ta biyu. Daga nan Mets ta sha kashi a gasar National League Wild Card ta 2022 a wasanni 3 a hannun San Diego Padres, wanda hakan ya sake kawo cikas ga wani tarihi.  A shekarar 2023, duk da cewa Steve Cohen ya saka dala miliyan 331 a cikin albashin ma'aikata, kungiyar ta samu nasara da ci 7-19 a watan Yuni, kuma daga karshe ta kasa shiga gasar share fagen shiga gasar, da maki 75-87. 

## Taimakon jama'a
Cohen ya bayar da dala miliyan 715 ga ayyukan agaji a tsawon rayuwarsa, ciki har da ayyukan agaji da suka shafi tsoffin sojoji da lafiyar yara. 

Cohen yana aiki a kwamitin amintattu na Gidauniyar Robin Hood da ke New York. 

Ta hanyar Gidauniyar Steven & Alexandra Cohen, Cohens sun bayar da gudummawa ga ayyukan da suka shafi lafiya, ilimi, fasaha da al'adu, da kuma al'ummar New York.  A shekarar 2014, Gidauniyar Cohen ta samar da kudade, ta hanyar Cibiyar Langone ta Jami'ar New York, don nazarin damuwa bayan rauni da raunin kwakwalwa .  Gidauniyar ta bayar da tallafin da ya wuce dala $100,000 ga Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha da Kimiyya na Bruce a shekarar 2014.  A shekarar 2019, gidauniyar ta bayar da gudummawar dala miliyan 50 daga cikin sama da dala miliyan 400 da aka tara don Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani na New York. Gidan Tarihi ya sanar a shekarar 2017 cewa za a kira babban gidan tarihi na MoMA Cibiyar Steven da Alexandra Cohen don Nunin Musamman. Cohen yana cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na MoMa da LA MOCA.  A shekarar 2024, gidauniyar ta bayar da kyautar dala miliyan 116 ga Kwalejin Al'umma ta LaGuardia, wacce ta zama babbar gudummawa ta kowace kwalejin al'umma ta Amurka. 

A watan Afrilun 2016, Cohen ya sanar da ƙirƙirar da kuma alƙawarin dala miliyan 275 ga Cohen Veterans Network .  Manufar CVN ita ce a kafa cibiyoyin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa ga tsoffin sojoji da iyalansu a duk faɗin Amurka.  Manufar ita ce a kafa cibiyoyi 20-25 nan da shekarar 2020. 

Cohen Veterans Bioscience, wanda Cohen kuma ke ba da kuɗi, yana gudanar da bincike kan tasirin matsalar damuwa bayan rauni ga tsoffin sojoji. 

## Siyasa
A shekarar 2015, Cohen da matarsa, Alexandra, sun bayar da gudummawar dala miliyan 2.25 ga wata babbar kungiyar Super PAC mai suna America Leads wadda ta goyi bayan takarar Chris Christie a matsayin shugaban kasa. 

A shekarar 2017, Cohen ya bayar da gudummawar dala miliyan 1 ga bikin rantsar da Donald Trump . 

A shekarar 2021, Cohen ya bayar da gudummawar dala 500,000 ga wani babban jami'in gudanarwa na Super PAC wanda ke goyon bayan takarar Andrew Yang a zaben fidda gwani na magajin garin New York City na 2021, da kuma karin dala miliyan 1.5 ga wani babban jami'in gudanarwa na Super PAC wanda ke goyon bayan Eric Adams . 

## Tarin zane-zane
An ruwaito cewa tarin zane-zane na Cohen ya kai kimanin dala biliyan 1. 

*Jaridar New York Times* ta ruwaito cewa Cohen ya fara tattara zane-zane da gaske a shekarar 2000.  Sha'awar Cohen da tarinsa sun fara ne da masu zane-zanen Impressionist, inda suka sami ayyukan Manet da Monet, bayan haka ya koma cikin fasahar zamani cikin sauri. 

Duk da cewa ya tattara ayyuka daga manyan masu fasaha masu tasowa kamar Adam Pendleton, ya shahara wajen tattara zane-zanen 'kwallo', ayyukan shahararru na shahararrun masu fasaha, ciki har da zanen Pollock mai digo daga David Geffen akan dala miliyan 52 da kuma fim din Damien Hirst mai suna The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, wani fim da mai zane ya saya daga Charles Saatchi akan dala miliyan 8.

A shekara ta 2006, Cohen ya yi ƙoƙarin yin siyan zane mafi tsada a tarihi lokacin da ya yi tayin siyan Le Rêve na Picasso daga hamshakin gidan caca Steve Wynn akan dala miliyan 139. Kwanaki kaɗan kafin a kai zanen zuwa Cohen, Wynn, wanda ke fama da rashin gani sosai saboda cutar retinitis pigmentosa, ya tura gwiwar hannunsa ta cikin zanen ba da gangan ba yayin da yake nuna shi ga gungun waɗanda suka sani a cikin ofishinsa da ke Wynn Las Vegas . An soke siyan, kuma Wynn ya riƙe zanen har zuwa farkon Nuwamba 2012, lokacin da Cohen ya sayi zanen akan dala miliyan 150.

A watan Mayun 2019, Cohen ya sayi *Zomo* na Jeff Koons akan dala miliyan 91.1;  an yi sayayyar ne ta hannun Robert Mnuchin kuma shine aiki mafi tsada da wani mai fasaha ya sayar a lokacin gwanjo a lokacin.

Cohen yana da ko kuma ya mallaki ayyukan fasaha na Lucio Fontana, Alberto Giacometti, Willem de Kooning, Jeff Koons, Edvard Munch, Pablo Picasso, da Andy Warhol .     A shekarar 2015, an ruwaito cewa ya sayi sassaka mafi tsada a duniya, *Man Pointing* na Alberto Giacometti.  A watan Nuwamba na 2015, an kiyasta tarin fasaharsa ya kai kimanin dala biliyan 1.  An ruwaito cewa Cohen yana gina gidan tarihi na sirri don wasu daga cikin ayyukan fasaha nasa a gidansa na Greenwich. Cohen ya kuma sanya Marc Quinn 's *Self*, wani sassaka kai da aka yi da jini mai sanyi, a cikin zauren SAC. 

## Manazarta