Taswirar duniya

**Taswirar duniya** taswira ce ta mafi ko kusan duka Duniya. Taswirorin duniya, saboda girmansu, dole ne su fuskanci matsalar tsinkaya. Taswirorin da aka yi su ta fuskoki biyu ta larura suna karkatar da nunin saman duniya mai fuska uku. Duk da yake wannan gaskiya ne ga kowace taswira, wannan birkita ta yi tsanani a taswirar duniya. An ƙirƙira dabaru da yawa don gabatar da taswirorin duniya waɗanda ke magance mabambantan teknikal manufofi da manufofin ado. 

Tsara taswirar duniya yana buƙatar sanin duniya, tekunanta, da nahiyoyinta. Tun kafin-tarihi har zuwa tsakiyar zamani, samar da ingantacciyar taswirar duniya ba zai yuwu ba saboda ƙasa da rabin gaɓar tekun Duniya kuma kaɗan ne kawai daga cikin nahiyoyinta ya kasance sananne a kowace al'ada. Tare da binciken da ya fara a lokacin Farfaɗar Yurofa, ilimin doron ƙasa ya taru da sauri,  ta yadda yawancin yankunan bakin tekunan duniya ya kasance taswirantacce , aƙalla sama-sama, a tsakiyar shekarun 1700 da kuma cikin nahiyoyi ta karni na ashirin.

Mafi akasari taswirorin duniya gabaɗaya suna mai da hankali ko dai kan fasalin siyasa ko kuma a kan siffofi na zahiri. Taswirorin siyasa suna jaddada iyakoki na yanki da matsugunnin mutane. Taswirori na zahiri suna nuna fasalin ƙasa kamar tsaunuka, nau'in ƙasa, ko amfani da ƙasa . Taswirorin jogirafiya ba saman ƙasa kawai suke nunawa ba, amma characteristics ɗin dutsen da ke ƙasa, layukan kuskure, da subsurface structures. Taswirorin Choropleth suna amfani da launin hue da intensity don bambanta bambance-bambance tsakanin yankuna, kamar ƙididdigar alƙaluma ko tattalin arziki.

## Tsinkayar taswira
Duk taswirorin duniya sun dogara ne akan ɗaya daga cikin tsinyar taswirori, ko hanyoyin wakiltar duniya akan shimfiɗa. Duk tsinkayoyi suna rikita da fasalin jogirafiya, nisassaki, da kwatance zuwa wani mataki. Tsinkayar taswirori daban-daban waɗanda aka haɓaka suna bayar da hanyoyi daban-daban na daidaita daidaito (accuracy) da kuma gurɓacewar da ba za a iya kauce ma wa ba wajen yin taswirorin duniya.

Wataƙila mafi sanannun tsinkaya ita ce Mercator Projection, wanda aka tsara shi da farko azaman nautical chart na ruwa .
File:Mercator projection SW.jpg|Tsinkayen Mercator (82°S da 82°N)
File:Mollweide projection SW.jpg|Tsinkayen Mollweide
File:Cahill Butterfly Map.jpg|BJS Cahill Butterfly Map, 1909, daga ɗan littafin 1919
File:Waterman_Butterfly_Map_1996.jpg|Waterman Butterfly Map, 1996 -->
File:Azimuthal equidistant projection SW.jpg|Polar azimuthal daidaitaccen tsinkaya
File:Blank-map-world-south-up.png|Taswirar kudu zuwa sama
File:BlankMap-World-162E.svg|Taswirar tsakiyar Pacific (wanda aka fi amfani dashi a Gabashin Asiya da ƙasashen Oceania )
File:Gall–Peters projection SW.jpg|Hasashen Gall–Peters, hasashen taswirar yanki daidai
File:Robinson projection SW.jpg|Hasashen Robinson, wanda National Geographic Society ke amfani dashi a da


## Taswirorin jigogi
Tawirar jigo na nuna bayanan jogirafiya game da ɗaya ko wasu ƴan batutuwa da aka mayar da hankali a kai. Waɗannan taswirorin "suna iya kwatanta fizika, zamantakewa, siyasa, al'adu, tattalin arziki, sociological, noma, ko wani bangare na birni, jiha, yanki, ƙasa, ko nahiya". 
File:Köppen-vereinfacht.svg| (tare da rarrabuwar yanayi)
File:World Map (political).svg|Taswirar siyasa mai sauƙi na duniya
File:World map.png|Topographic taswirar duniya
File:CO2 responsibility 1950-2000.svg|Taswirar anthropogenic CO 2 fitarwa ta ƙasa
File:2016 UN Human Development Report.svg|Ƙididdigar ci gaban ɗan adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ƙasa har zuwa 2016
File:Life Expectancy 2008 Estimates CIA World Factbook.png|Taswirar duniya tana nuna tsawon rayuwa
File:Population density of countries 2018 world map, people per sq km.svg|Yawan yawan jama'a na 2018 (mutane a kowace km 2 ) ta ƙasa
File:Volcano Map.png|Taswirar mai aman wuta
File:Laurasia-Gondwana.svg|Taswirar duniya tana nuna nahiyoyin kusan shekaru miliyan 200 da suka gabata ( Lokacin Triassic )
File:BlackMarble20161km.jpg|Hoton tauraron dan adam na Duniya da dare


## Taswirorin tarihi
 
Taswirorin farko na duniya sun kama hotunan duniya tun daga zamanin ƙarfe zuwa zamanin ganowa da ɓullowar jogirafiyar zamani a farkon farkon zamani . Tsoffin taswirori suna ba da bayanai game da wuraren da aka san su a zamanin da, da kuma tushen falsafa da al'adu na taswirar, waɗanda galibi sun bambanta da cartography na zamani. Taswirori na ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da makimiyanta ke rarraba fikirorinsu da isar da su ga tsararraki masu zuwa . 
File:OrteliusWorldMap1570.jpg|Duniya, Abraham Ortelius 's *[[Theatrum Orbis Terrarum|Typus Orbis Terrarum]]*, wanda aka fara bugawa a 1564
File:Anaximander world map (mul).svg|Sake gina taswirar duniya na Anaximander (610-546 BC)
File:Worldmaphedo.jpg|Taswirar duniya bisa ga Posidonius (150-130 BC), aka gina a 1628
File:Radkarte MKL Bd. 5 1890 (128672427).jpg|Kyakkyawan sake gina taswirar T-da-O na tsakiya (daga *Meyers Konversationslexikon*, 1890) (An nuna Asiya a hannun dama)
File:TabulaRogeriana.jpg|Tabula Rogeriana taswirar duniya na Muhammad al-Idrisi a shekara ta 1154 a kula arewa tana can kasa
File:Leonardo da Vinci’s Mappamundi.jpg|Taswirar duniya a cikin tsinkayar Octant (1514), daga takardun Windsor na Leonardo da Vinci
File:Mercator 1569.png|Taswirar duniya ta Gerardus Mercator (1569), taswirar farko a cikin sanannen hasashen Mercator
File:Kunyu Wanguo Quantu (坤輿萬國全圖).jpg|alt=| *[[Kunyu Wanguo Quantu]]* ( daular Ming, 1602)
File:Claes Janszoon Visscher - Nova Totius Terrarum Orbis Geographica Ac Hydrographica Tabula Autore'.jpg|1652 taswirar duniya by Claes Janszoon Visscher
File:World Map 1689.JPG|Taswirar tarihin duniya ta Gerard van Schagen, 1689


## Duba kuma
  

## Manazarta

## Ci gaba da karatu

* Edson, Evelyn (2011). ''Taswirar Duniya, 1300-1492: Dagewar Al'ada da Sauyi'' . Jarida JHU. ISBN&nbsp;
* Harvey, PDA (2006). ''Taswirar duniya na Hereford: taswirar duniya na tsakiyar zamani da mahallin su'' . British Library. ISBN&nbsp;