Tashin hankali na Abd al-Salam

**Revolt of Abd al-Salam** ( Hausa   ) Tawaye ne ga Halifancin Sakkwato, wanda aka yi la'akari da son zuciya ga Hausawa . Tawagar ta kasance karkashin jagorancin Malam **Abd al-Salam**, malamin Hausa wanda ya kasance daga cikin jagororin juyin juya halin Sakkwato da suka kai ga kafa daular khalifanci. Yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, sai ya kara nisa da ladan da ya samu idan aka kwatanta da sauran shugabanni, wadanda yawancinsu ‘yan kabilar Fulbe ne.  : 221  : 65-70 

Wannan tawaye ya sami ƙarfi a lokacin mulkin Sultan Muhammad Bello, Sultan na biyu na Khalifancin Sokoto, amma tushensa sun koma kafin mutuwar Usman dan Fodio, wanda ya kafa kuma jagoran ruhaniya na Khalifanci. Rashin gamsuwar Abd al-Salam game da yadda aka fi so a bi da shugabannin Fulbe da kuma yadda ba a ba shi lada ya kai shi ga jagorantar wannan tawaye a kan ikon Khalifanci. : 221 : 221 

Tawayen Abd al-Salam ya sami goyon baya da farko tsakanin Mutanen Hausa waɗanda suka raba korafinsa na rashin adalci a ƙarƙashin Khalifancin Sokoto. Yawancin mabiyansa da 'yan tawaye sun kasance daga kabilar Hausa, kuma su ma sun ji an ware su kuma ba su da amfani a cikin gwamnatin Khalifanci. Bugu da ƙari, matsayi na 'yan tawayen Hausa sun haɗa da mutanen da suka kafa aristocracy na Masarautun Hausa kafin kafa Khalifancin Sokoto. Tserewa daga ƙasashensu don tserewa daga ikon Khalifanci, waɗannan 'yan tawaye sun shiga tawaye na Abd al-Salam, suna neman kalubalantar rinjayar shugabannin Fulbe da sake samun ikon cin gashin kansu. Tashin hankali na Abd al-Salam da 'yan tawayen Hausa sun wakilci babbar ƙalubale ga ikon Khalifancin Sokoto, yayin da suke neman magance rashin daidaito da aka fahimta da kuma dawo da hakkinsu na siyasa a cikin mulkin. : 65–70 : 65–70 

## Tarihi

### Kafin juyin juya halin Sokoto
A farkon karni na 19, wani juyin juya hali ya mamaye Hausaland, karkashin jagorancin Shehu Usman dan Fodio, masanin Fulani mai daraja. Wannan juyin juya halin, ko jihadi, ya fara ne a Masarautar Hausa ta Gobir . Rashin jituwa tsakanin mabiyan Usman dan Fodio da aristocracy na Gobir daga ƙarshe ya karu zuwa tashin hankali. Wadannan rikice-rikice sun ci gaba a kan mulkin sarakuna uku na Gobir har sai sun zama yakin basasa a lokacin mulkin Sarki Yunfa. Juyin juya halin ya yi niyyar kawo sauye-sauyen addini da zamantakewa, kuma yana da tasiri sosai a kan yanayin siyasa da al'adu na Hausaland .  : 3–40 : 3–40 

**Abd al-Salam ibn Ibrahim**, sanannen almajirin Hausa na Shehu Usman dan Fodio, ya sami mabiya masu yawa. A cikin shekarun 1790, ya kafa sansani kusa da gidan Shehu a Degel kuma ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashinsa. Ya kira wannan sansanin "Dār as-salām" ("Gidan Zaman Lafiya") kuma ya ci gaba da canza sunansa daga **Mikhail** zuwa Abd al-Salam ("Bawan Zaman Lafiya").  : 29 : 29 

Koyaya, a cikin shekara ta 1797, ya fuskanci matsaloli tare da Gobir" id="mwSw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Nafata of Gobir">Nafata, wanda ya riga Sarki Yunfa. Wadannan batutuwan sun sa Abd al-Salam ya tsere daga Gobir kuma ya nemi mafaka a makwabciyar Masarautar Kebbi, ya zauna a garin Gimbana. : 29 Ba da daɗewa ba bayan mutuwar Nafata, Yunfa ya hau gadon sarauta kuma ya bukaci Abd al-Salam ya koma Gobir don fuskantar hukunci. A mayar da martani, Abd al-Salam ya ki amincewa da umarnin Yunfa. A cikin ƙoƙari na tilasta umarninsa, Yunfa ya umarci Shehu Usman dan Fodio ya dawo da ɗalibinsa don azabtarwa. Koyaya, Shehu Usman ya ki bin bukatar Yunfa. : 285 : 71 : 71 

A cikin 1804, Yunfa ya aika da balaguro zuwa Gimbana don kama Abd al-Salam. Sojojin Gobir sun kai hari kan garin, sun yi fashi da fashi, kuma sun kama fursunoni. Koyaya, Abd al-Salam ya sami nasarar tserewa lafiya, ya sami mafaka a wani sansanin Fulani da ke kusa. Sojojin Gobirawa sun kusanci sansanin, suna neman Abd al-Salam ya mika wuya, amma masu kare Fulani sun ki yin biyayya. Da yake ba za su iya kama Abd al-Salam ba, sojojin Gobirawa sun koma sansanin su a Alkalawa, babban birnin Gobir. A kan hanyarsu ta dawowa, sun haɗu da wasu mabiyan Shehu Usman waɗanda suka bukaci a saki fursunonin da aka kama a lokacin harin Gimbana. Gobirawa ta saki fursunoni, abin da ya fusata Yunfa lokacin da ya ji labarin. Shehu, ma, bai san wannan taron ba, kuma ya ji tsoron cewa irin waɗannan ayyukan na iya kara rikici da Yunfa. : 285–286 : 71 : 71 

Lalle ne, don mayar da martani ga tashin hankali da rikice-rikice, Sarki Yunfa ya umarci Shehu Usman ya bar Gobir tare da iyalinsa. Koyaya, Usman bai yarda ya tafi ba tare da al'ummarsa da mabiyansa da suka taru a kusa da shi ba. Da yake ƙin bin umarnin sarki, Shehu Usman da al'ummarsa sun yanke shawarar fara hijra daga masarautar. Wannan ya nuna muhimmiyar lokacin da ya fara Juyin Juya Halin Sokoto .  : 286 

### A karkashin mulkin Sokoto

Bayan hijra, Shehu Usman dan Fodio ya zama sananne a matsayin Amir al-mu'minin ta al'ummar musulmi waɗanda suka haɗu da shi daga sassa daban-daban na Hausaland, gami da Abd al-Salam. Jagorancin Usman ya sami goyon baya sosai, kuma ya zama babban mutum wanda ƙungiyar ta taru. Usman ya rarraba tutoci ga malaman musulmai da yawa, wadanda galibi sun fito ne daga zuriyar Fulani. An danka wadannan malamai da jagorantar yakin jihadi a yankuna daban-daban don fadada tasirin KHalifa. A shekara ta 1809, Khalifancin Sokoto ya sami gagarumin nasara, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da faduwar Alkalawa da cin nasarar Sarki Yunfa. A wannan lokacin, Khalifancin ya kunshi dukan yankin Hausaland, ya faɗaɗa zuwa sassa na Bornu da Fombina (Adamawa), har ma ya faɗaɗa kudancin Hausaland. : 22–40 : 22–40 

Bayan kafa Khalifancin Sokoto, Shehu Usman dan Fodio ya raba babban yankin zuwa yankuna biyu na gudanarwa. Ya danƙa wa ɗan'uwansa Abdullahi yamma, yayin da ɓangaren gabas ke ƙarƙashin ikon ɗansa, Muhammad Bello . Bugu da ƙari, Shehu Usman ya nada Abd al-Salam don kula da gundumomi bakwai a cikin ɓangaren Abdullahi na Khalifanci tare da mafi girma shine Sabiyel (a cikin zamani Aliero, jihar Kebbi). Koyaya, Abd al-Salam ya ji cewa ya cancanci ƙarin karbuwa da iko saboda muhimmiyar jajircewarsa ga jihadi. Da yake jin rashin gamsuwa, ya yanke shawarar fadada tasirinsa ta hanyar karfi, yana neman samun ƙarin ƙasa da iko ta hanyar soja. Lokacin da Abdullahi ya ji game da niyyar Abd al-Salam, sai ya gargadi shi ya dakatar da ayyukansa, amma Abd al- Salam ya yi watsi da gargadi kuma ya ci gaba da shirye-shiryensa. : 68 : 107–108 : 107–108 

A cikin ƙoƙari na magance halin da ake ciki da kuma hana yiwuwar tawaye, Shehu Usman ya nemi Abd al-Salam ya ziyarce shi. Da farko, Abd al-Salam ya ki, amma daga ƙarshe ya yi biyayya da kiran Shehu. Bayan ganawarsu, Shehu Usman ya umarci Abd al-Salam ya koma Sokoto, babban birnin Khalifanci, kuma ya sanya shi a ƙarƙashin ido mai kula da Muhammad Bello. Don karɓar Abd al-Salam, Shehu Usman ya ba shi izinin gina garuruwan garin Kware, yana ba shi wurin zama da kuma wasu iko. Daga baya, an ba Abd al-Salam izinin gina sansani a kusa da garin. Yawan mutanen Kware ya karu da sauri kuma yana da gonaki masu yawa. : 287 

#### Sarautar Sultan Bello
Bayan mutuwar Shehu Usman dan Fodio a cikin 1817 da kuma hauhawar ɗansa, Muhammad Bello, Abd al-Salam ya amsa da aikawa kawai ta'aziyya kuma bai bi al'adar ziyartar Sokoto don girmama shi ba. Bugu da ƙari, Abd al-Salam ya ki yin alkawarin biyayya ga Sultan Bello, yana tabbatar da ikon mallakarsa a kansa. A mayar da martani, Sultan Bello ya aika da wasika ga Abd al-Salam, yana umurtar shi ya zo Sokoto kuma ya yi alkawarin aminci. Abd al-Salam ya bi umarnin kuma ya yi tafiya zuwa Sokoto. A Sokoto, bayan Addu'ar Jumu'ah, Abd al-Salam ya yi jawabi ga al'ummar Sokoto, yana kira ga su a matsayin shaidu. Ya yi alkawarin biyayya ga Sultan Bello a lokacin wannan taron jama'a. Don amincewa da wannan aikin, Sultan Bello ya yi alkawarin cewa ba zai "yi watsi da hakkinsa" kuma zai "ba da isasshen rabon a gare shi" lokacin da ya "samun damar". : 287 : 68 : 68 

Yayin da wasu *dhimmis* suka tsere daga Sokoto zuwa ƙasashen da ke kusa kuma ana tura su, Kware ya wuce su. Abd al-Salam ya ba da umarnin a sake su da karfi, kamar yadda ya faru a baya lokacin da Gobirawa suka nemi shi a lokacin da aka kai hari kan Gimbana. Maganar wannan ta kai Sultan Bello a Sokoto, wanda nan da nan ya rubuta wa Abd al-Salam, yana neman bayani game da sakin fursunoni. Abd al-Salam ya amsa da wasika yana bayanin cewa ya ba da umarnin a sake su saboda ya yi imanin cewa kama su ba daidai ba ne. Sultan Bello ya amsa da wasika ta kansa, yana yarda cewa yaduwar rashin adalci da cin hanci da rashawa a bayyane yake a wannan lokacin. Koyaya, ya jaddada buƙatar bincike da shaidar da ta dace kafin yanke hukunci, yana mai cewa dole ne a tabbatar da rashin rashin adalci. Bugu da ƙari, Sultan Bello ya yi magana game da malamai na Maliki game da hukuncin da ya shafi dhimmis da ke gudu zuwa . A cewar *ijma* (ma'amala a cikin al'ummar Islama), idan dhimmi ya gudu ba tare da fuskantar wani rashin adalci ba, ana daukar su harbi (mutumin dar al-harb ko 'gidan yaki'). A gefe guda, idan sun gudu saboda rashin adalci, an bar su kadai kuma ba "bautar da su bisa ga ra'ayi da aka yarda da shi ba kamar yadda [an rubuta] a cikin Alkur'ani".

Dangantakar Abd al-Salam da Sultan Bello ta ci gaba da lalacewa, kuma a ƙarshe, ya aika da dogon wasiƙu biyu ga Bello don bayyana korafinsa. A cikin wasika ta farko, Abd al-Salam ya ambaci Alkur'ani, Hadiths, da koyarwar malaman Islama daban-daban, yana jaddada muhimmancin tabbatar da aminci da adalci ga dukkan Musulmai. Ya nakalto wani karin magana game da Muhammadu cewa "idan Musulmai biyu sun hadu (kuma sun yi yaƙi) da takubansu, [duka] mai kisan da aka kashe za su [faɗo] cikin Jahannama. " Lokacin da aka tambayi Muhammadu dalilin da ya sa ake azabtar da mutumin da aka kashe, ya amsa, "Yana da sha'awar kashe shi (mai kisan) " (kamar Hadisai da aka samu a Volume 1, Littafin 2, Lamba 30 na Sahih al-Bukhari).  Abd al-Salam ya yi amfani da waɗannan nassoshi don ba da shawara ga zaman lafiya da rashin tashin hankali, kuma ya ci gaba da kiran al'ummar Bello marasa adalci da cin hanci da rashawa. Saboda wadannan dalilai, bai yi niyyar samun dangantaka da su ba. Daga nan sai ya bayyana sha'awarsa ta samun 'yancin kai ta hanyar zaman lafiya, ba tare da neman rikici ko rikici ba.

A cikin wasika ta biyu, Abd al-Salam ya haɗa da hoto kuma ya lakafta bangarori shida. : 31–33 : 31–33 

* Alamar farko, wadda aka sanya a tsakiyar hoton, ta bayyana ƙasar kamar haka: "Wannan bayanin ƙasar Allah ne ga Wanda yake da iko da girma, wanda Allah, ga Wanda yake na iko da girma ya ba shi, ta hanyar ni'imarsa - wanda aka ɗaukaka shi, ga Musulmai gaba ɗaya dangane da gabas, yamma, kudu da arewa. Muna yabonsa da godiya ga Wanda yake cikin iko da girma don hakan. " :: 295 
* Alamar ta biyu ta kasance sama da ta farko wanda ya bayyana kamar haka: "Game da yankin gabas, na Muhammad Bello ne, ɗan Kwamandan Mai Aminci, 'Uthman" :: 295 
* Alamar ta uku ta kasance a ƙasa da ta farko wanda ya bayyana kamar haka: "Game da yankin yamma, na 'Abd Allah bn Fudi ne, cikakken ɗan'uwan Kwamandan Mai Aminci (Uthman). Wannan shi ne abin da na yi wasu nuni kamar yadda mai ba da gudummawa ya ce, 'Na yi nuni ga wajibi tare da wani ɓangare '. :: 295 
* Lambar ta huɗu ta kasance a hannun dama na farko wanda ya bayyana kamar haka: "Game da yankin kudu, na 'ya'ya maza biyu na Kwamandan Mai Aminci (Uthman), 'Atiq da Bukhari. ": 295 
* Alamar ta biyar ta kasance a gefen hagu na farko wanda ya bayyana kamar haka: "Game da yankin arewa, na 'Ali bn Jaydu ne, surukin Kwamandan Mai Aminci (Uthman), da Muhammadan, ɗan ubangiji (Jibril ibn Umar) na Kwamandan Mai Amaninci (Uchman). ": 295 
* A ƙarshe, **lakabi na shida** ya kasance tsakanin na biyu da na biyar wanda ya bayyana kamar haka: "Kuma ina yankin nawa yake, ni, 'Abd al-Salam? Abin da na mallaka ne a lokacin rashin gaskatawa (kafin juyin juya halin Sokoto) wanda har yanzu ina da shi a lokacin Islama; babu wani abu sai wurin zama da kuma wurin wasu lambuna (ƙananan gona). Duk wani ƙuntatawa ya fi wannan - Allah ga Wanda zai iya kuma ya zama, Allah ya zama da girmansa, wannan ƙuntatawa Allah shine Allah da Allah da aka ƙaddara.: 295 

Bayan karɓar wasiƙu biyu da *qadi* da *[[Ladani|muezzin]]* na Abd al-Salam suka kawo, Sultan Muhammad Bello ya karanta su da babbar murya ga al'ummarsa da majalisarsa. Daga nan sai ya rubuta amsa mai zurfi da cikakken bayani, yana magana da kowane batu da Abd al-Salam ya gabatar. A cikin martani, Bello ya nakalto ayoyin Alkur'ani, Hadiths, da ra'ayoyin Masanan Maliki don karyata zarge-zargen da Abd al-Salam ya yi, musamman wadanda suka shafi cin hanci da rashawa a cikin KHalifa. Bugu da ƙari, Sultan Bello ya ba da shawara mai faɗakarwa ga Abd al-Salam game da dangantakarsa da *dhimmis*. Daga nan sai ya kammala wasikar yana cewa:Amma ga bayaninku cewa ba mu kula da rabonku ba dangane da ƙasa, ka san cewa darajarku ba a ɓoye mana ba, kuma ba mu san abin da kuka yi ba fiye da abin da kuka ambata. Koyaya, iyawa yanayin hukunce-hukunce ne da kuma zubar da kyauta. Saboda haka, mu-idan Allah ya so-za mu raba muku da yawa.Bayan karbar wasikar, an ruwaito Abd al-Salam yana cewa da babbar murya, "Wane ne ke ba mu [ƙasashe]". Duk da gargadi na Bello, Abd al-Salam ya ci gaba da ƙarfafa dangantakarsa da abokan gaba, gami da Sarkin Konni, wanda ke ƙarƙashin ikon Ali Jedo, wanda ke gudanar da arewacin yankin Khalifa. Akwai alamun cewa Abd al-Salam yana shirin tayar da kayar baya kuma ya haɗa sarkin a cikin shirye-shiryensa. Bayan ya koyi wannan ci gaba, Bello ya dauki mataki mai mahimmanci kuma ya kira Sarkin zuwa Sokoto. Koyaya, Sarkin ya ki bin umarnin Bello kuma a maimakon haka ya zaɓi zuwa Abd al-Salam. Daga nan ne ɗan'uwan Sarkin ya ziyarci Sokoto don saduwa da Bello kuma an san shi a matsayin sabon Sarkin Konni bayan ya rungumi Islama. : 68 A mayar da martani ga halin da ake ciki, Sultan Bello ya rubuta wata wasika ga Abd al-Salam yana gargadi shi game da karbar abokan gaba na Khalifanci kuma yana cewa idan ya yi niyyar tayar da kayar baya, ya kamata ya bayyana shi don su iya 'yi abin da ya dace.' Bello ya kara jaddada cewa ya fi son jituwa da jituwa tsakanin su.
 

## ''Tawaye''
A cikin rikice-rikicen da ke karuwa tsakanin Abd al-Salam da Sultan Bello, korafe-korafe da yawa sun kai Bello a Sokoto game da hare-hare a gonaki, sata, duka, da raunin da mutanen Abd al- Salam suka haifar. Yanayin ya kara tsanantawa lokacin da sojojin Abd al-Salam, tare da tsohon sarkin mutanen Hausa_state)" id="mwATo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Konni (Hausa state)">Konni, suka gudanar da hare-hare kuma suka sace kauyuka da garuruwan Fulani da yawa. A mayar da martani ga waɗannan abubuwan, Sultan Bello ya sami bayanan cewa Abd al-Salam ya ayyana *Tawaye* (tawaye ko tawaye a cikin Hausa) kuma ya aika sakonni ga abokan gaba daban-daban na Sokoto. Yaƙe-yaƙe da rikice-rikice sun ɓarke a yankuna daban-daban a kusa da Sokoto yayin da bangarorin biyu suka aika da ƙungiyoyi masu kai hari zuwa garuruwa da shuke-shuke.

Sultan Bello, yana neman mafita ga rikici, ya rubuta haruffa uku. A cikin wasika ta farko zuwa ga Abd al-Salam, Bello ya ba da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, yana ba da shawarar cewa idan Abd al- Salam ya yarda da shi, zai iya zaɓar kowace ƙasa a Zamfara, nesa da Sokoto, kuma ya zauna cikin salama tare da ɗan tsangwama. Koyaya, Bello ya yi gargadin cewa idan an ƙi tayin zaman lafiya ya kamata ya san cewa "bikin waɗanda ke tare da ku da waɗanda ke tare tare da mu game da abin da ke faruwa yana kan ku".

Wasikar ta biyu, da aka aika wa ɗan Abd al-Salam, ta sake jaddada tayin zaman lafiya kuma ta jaddada cewa rikici ba shi da shi ko iyalinsa. Bello ya nuna rashin son cutar da wadanda bai so ya kashe ko kama su ba. Ya kammala wasikar da "Na sanar da ku, O Bukhari, cewa na ga bukatar mahaifinka a gare ni, kuma zai ga - idan Allah ya so - bukatar Allah - ya ɗaukaka shi - a wurin da yake tafiya da izinin Allah - ya ɗaga shi. Wannan shine sakamakon abin da muke tunani. Salama.

A cikin wasikar karshe, wanda aka yi wa al'ummar Abd al-Salam, Bello ya bayyana cewa manufarsa ba ta cutar da su ba. Ya yi gargadin cewa idan Abd al-Salam bai ƙaura daga kusa da Sokoto ba, sojojin Bello za su mamaye, kuma ya shawarce su da su yi hijira tare da iyalansu. Koyaya, Bello ya tabbatar musu cewa idan Abd al-Salam ya sake komawa, ba zai tsoma baki cikin ayyukansa ba. Daga nan sai ya kammala wasikar da "Mun riga mun yada 'yan leƙen asiri kuma mun aika [saƙonni] ga sojoji a duk yankuna. Wannan ita ce jiharmu. Zaman lafiya. "

Duk da kokarin cimma matsaya, Abd al-Salam bai amsa wasikun ba, kuma halin da ake ciki ya kasance mai wahala kuma ba a warware shi ba. Rikicin ya ci gaba da karuwa, tare da bangarorin biyu suna ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayinsu, suna shirya mataki don ƙarin tashin hankali da rikice-rikice a yankin.

### ''Rabon Kura''
Duk da kokarin da Sarkin Aïr da masu tasiri suka yi na ba da shawara ga Abd al-Salam ya daina tashin hankali, ya kasance mai ƙarfi a cikin kin amincewarsa. Sultan Bello, a mayar da martani, ya aika da sojoji zuwa Kware don fuskantar sojojin Abd al-Salam, amma sun sha kashi. Koyaya, dabarun Bello na gaba na aikawa da ƙungiyoyi masu tasiri a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1817 sun fara shafar babban sojojin Abd al-Salam. Yayin da hare-haren suka ci gaba, Abd al-Salam ya yi taka tsantsan kuma ya guji aikawa da duk wani hari, yana tsoron yiwuwar tarko. Ganin damar sulhu, manyan mutane daga al'ummar Abd al-Salam sun kai ga Sultan Bello da niyyar kafa sulhu na zaman lafiya. Koyaya, Bello ya ƙi tayin su, yana mai tabbatar da cewa sha'awarsa kawai don sulhu ne. : 68–69 : 68–69 

A ranar 10 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1817, jam'iyyun da ke kai hari na Bello sun tsaya gaba daya, sannan aka yi kwanton bauna a ranar 29 ga watan Disambar. Duk da ƙarfafawa da suka zo don tallafawa sojojin Abd al-Salam, sojojin Bello sun dage, kuma a ƙarshe, ƙarfafawa daga Aïr sun ƙarfafa sojojinsa. Da yake tara ƙarfin su, sun kaddamar da hari kan Kware a ranar 5 ga Janairun 1818. Duk da fuskantar matsaloli masu yawa, sojojin Bello sun sami gagarumin nasara a kan sojojin Abd al-Salam, suna tabbatar da garin da sauri. Ya bayyana nasarar a matsayin "da sauri fiye da cire igiya don yin amfani da ƙafafun raƙumi". : 68-69

Bayan ya sami labarin nasarar, Sultan Bello bai ɓata lokaci ba kuma da sauri ya yi tafiya zuwa sansanin, ya isa daidai lokacin da rana ke faɗuwa. Yayin da sauran mayakan daga sojojin 'yan tawaye da aka ci nasara suka ji labarin kusantar Bello, sun firgita kuma suka gudu, tare da mutane da yawa suna zuwa yankin Bakura a Zamfara. Koyaya, tserewa ba ta da tsawo, saboda a ƙarshe sojojin Bello sun kewaye su kuma sun kashe su ko kuma sun kama su. Daga cikin wadanda suka yi ƙoƙari su gudu shi ne Abd al-Salam, amma duk da kokarin da ya yi na guje wa kamawa, ya sami mummunan rauni a kusa da Bakura. Daga baya ya mutu saboda raunin da ya ji kuma hyenas sun cinye gawarsa. Bayan wadannan abubuwan da suka faru, wasu maganganun Hausa da maganganu sun fito, an tsara su don yin ba'a da ba'a game da tawaye na Abd al-Salam. Wadannan jimloli sun jimre tsawon lokaci kuma sun kasance masu shahara a yau. : 68-69 Misali:

Halin farko yana nufin 'rabon hyena' wanda Abd al-Salam ya ce dangin Shehu Usman ne suka karbe shi a cikin rarraba yankin bayan Juyin Juya Halin Sokoto .  : 69 A cikin 1821, Abdullahi dan Fodio, Sarkin Gwandu, ya nada Bukhari, ɗan Abd al-Salam, a matsayin Sarkin Kebbi na Jega. : 95 : 95 

## ''Sard al-kalam''
Sultan Muhammad Bello, wanda aka fi sani da rubuce-rubucensa da tarihin tarihi, ya rubuta Sard al-kalam fi jara ma bayn-na wa-bayn 'Abd al-Salam, mai yiwuwa a farkon farkon 1818.: 137-138 A cikin wannan aikin, Bello ya ba da cikakken labarin tawaye. Labarin ya fara da cikakken bayani game da asalin Abd al-Saham da yanayin da ya haifar da barkewar tawaye. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da wasiƙu daga Abd al-Salam waɗanda suka kasance "mai matukar sukar abubuwan da ke faruwa a Sokoto". A yau, wannan rubutun yana aiki ne a matsayin babban tushe game da bayanai game da wannan tawaye da kuma Abd al-Salam. :: xxxii  : 95: 95 

## Manazarta