Shirin dawo da nau'o'in da ke cikin haɗari

**Shirin dawo da nau'in** da ke cikin haɗari, wanda aka fi sani da shirin dawo da nauʼin, shirin aikin jinsin, aikin kiyaye nau'in, ko kuma kawai shirin dawowa, takarda ne wanda ke kwatanta matsayin yanzu, barazanar da hanyoyin da aka nufa don Rare yawan nau'in jinsin da ke da haɗari da haɗari. Shirye-**Shirin farfadowa** suna aiki ne a matsayin tushe wanda za a gina kokarin kiyayewa don adana dabbobi waɗanda ke cikin barazanar halaka. Fiye da nau'o'in 320 sun mutu kuma duniya tana ci gaba da yawan nau'in 1 da ke ɓacewa kowane shekaru biyu. Canjin yanayi kuma yana da alaƙa da batutuwa da yawa da suka shafi nau'in da suka ƙare da ingancin rayuwar dabbobi.

## Tarihi
Majalisa ta Amurka ta ce a cikin 1973 cewa nau'in da ke cikin haɗari "suna da kyawawan halaye, muhalli, ilimi, tarihi, nishaɗi, da ƙimar kimiyya ga Al'umma da mutanenta. "  Saboda haka sun kafa dokoki don kare nau'in masu haɗari. Sashe na 4 (f) na Dokar Dabbobi Masu Hadari ta Amurka daga 1973 ya ba da umarni ga Sakataren Cikin Gida da Sakataren Kasuwanci don haɓaka da aiwatar da shirye-shiryen farfadowa don inganta kiyaye nau'in da ke cikin haɗari da barazana.

Kungiyoyin Kwararru na Hukumar Tsaro ta Kayan Kayan Kudancin Kasa da Kasa (IUCN) sun kirkiro Shirye-shiryen Ayyuka na Kayan Kadan tun a kalla tsakiyar shekarun 1980, waɗanda ake amfani da su don tsara dabarun kiyayewa na jinsuna, yawanci tsakanin kwanakin da aka saita.

A watan Yunin 2021, IUCN ta samar da takardar bayani game da shirin Global Species Action Plan (GSAP), don shirya gabatar da GSAP a taron IUCN World Conservation Congress a watan Satumbar 2021. Wannan shirin "ya haɗa tare da tsarin ayyukan kiyaye jinsuna da ake buƙata don aiwatar da Tsarin Biodiversity na Duniya na Post-2020, tare da kayan aiki da jagororin tallafi", kuma yana da niyyar cimma burin da aka saita don 2030.

## Manufofin da ayyuka
Shirye-shiryen farfadowa sun tsara ayyukan bincike da gudanarwa da ake buƙata don dakatar da raguwar, da kuma tallafawa farfadowar, nau'in da aka jera da ke barazana ko tsarin halittu. Manufar shirin ita ce kara yawan rayuwa ta dogon lokaci a cikin daji na nau'in da ke fuskantar barazana ko tsarin halittu.

## Hanyoyi
Ko dai jinsin guda ɗaya ko yanki, mazaunin ko tsarin halittu na iya zama niyya ta hanyar shirin farfadowa.

Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin kiyaye jinsin shine kiyaye mazaunin da ake samun jinsin a ciki. A cikin wannan tsari, babu nau'in da aka yi niyya don kiyayewa, amma a maimakon haka ana kiyaye mazaunin gaba ɗaya kuma ana sarrafa shi, sau da yawa tare da kallon dawo da mazaunin zuwa yanayin halitta. A ka'idar, wannan hanyar kiyayewa na iya zama mai fa'ida saboda yana ba da damar duk yanayin halittu da nau'o'in da ke ciki don amfana daga kiyayewa, maimakon kawai nau'in da aka yi niyya. 

IUCN ta bayyana a cikin 2016 cewa akwai shaidar cewa hanyoyin da ke cikin yanki ba su da isasshen mayar da hankali ga kowane nau'in don kare su sosai.

## Ta hanyar ƙasa ko yanki

### Ostiraliya
A Ostiraliya, Ministan Muhalli na iya yin ko karɓar da aiwatar da tsare-tsaren farfadowa don barazanar fauna, tsire-tsire da yanayin halittu da aka jera a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kare Muhalli da Kula da Biodiversity ta Commonwealth ta 1999 (Dokar EPBC), bayan tuntuɓar ministan da ya dace a kowace jiha, Kwamitin Kimiyya na Dabbobi masu barazana, da membobin jama'a.

"Ya kamata shirye-shiryen farfadowa su bayyana abin da ya kamata a yi don karewa da dawo da mahimman al'ummomin jinsunan da ke fuskantar barazana da mazaunin, da kuma yadda za a sarrafa da rage hanyoyin barazana. Shirye-shiryen dawowa sun cimma wannan manufar ta hanyar samar da tsarin da aka tsara da kuma ma'ana ga manyan kungiyoyin masu sha'awa da hukumomin gwamnati masu alhakin don daidaita ayyukansu don inganta yanayin jinsunan da ake barazana da / ko al'ummomomin muhalli. "

### Turai
Tun daga shekara ta 2008, Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta goyi bayan ci gaban Shirye-shiryen Ayyuka na Species don jinsunan da aka zaɓa. Takardun "an yi niyyar amfani da su azaman kayan aiki don ganowa da kuma ba da fifiko ga matakan don dawo da yawan waɗannan nau'ikan a duk faɗin su a cikin EU. Suna ba da bayani game da matsayi, ilimin muhalli, barazanar da matakan kiyayewa na yanzu ga kowane nau'in kuma suna lissafa mahimman ayyukan da ake buƙata don inganta matsayin kiyaye su a Turai. "  Kowane Shirin shine sakamakon tsari mai zurfi na tuntuɓar ƙwararrun ƙwararru a Turai.

A Amurka, Dokar Dabbobi Masu Hadari ta 1973 ta buƙaci cewa duk jinsunan da aka dauka suna cikin haɗari dole ne su sami shirin da aka aiwatar don dawo da su. Ofishin Kifi da namun daji da kuma Hukumar Kula da Kifi ta Kasa (NOAA) suna da alhakin gudanar da aikin. A shekara ta 1983, an amince da shirin farfadowa na *Aconitum noveboracense*, ya zama harajin shuka na farko da ya sami shirin farfada. Shirin farfadowa takarda ne wanda ke ƙayyade abin da bincike da ayyukan gudanarwa suka zama dole don tallafawa farfadowar, amma kanta ba ta ba da ma'aikata ko kudade. Ana amfani da tsare-tsaren farfadowa wajen saita fifiko na kudade da kuma samar da jagora ga kokarin tsarawa na gida, yanki, da na jihar. Farfadowa shine lokacin da aka kawar da barazanar rayuwa ga jinsuna kuma jinsunan za su iya rayuwa a cikin daji.

A Amurka, shirin farfadowa dole ne ya ƙunshi aƙalla: 

* Bayani game da abin da ake buƙata don dawo da jinsin zuwa yanayin lafiya;
* Ka'idoji don abin da wannan yanayin lafiya zai kasance, don a iya cire nau'in daga jerin masu haɗari lokacin da aka cimma shi; da
* Kimanin tsawon lokacin da murmurewa zai dauka da kuma yawan kudin da zai kashe.

Zaɓin, yana iya ƙunsar sassan da ke biyowa: 

## Aiwatarwa

### Gudanarwa mai daidaitawa
Lokacin da aka aiwatar da shirye-shiryen farfadowa da kyau, ba kawai suna aiki a matsayin raguwa don hana halaka ba, amma suna iya mayar da jinsuna zuwa yanayin lafiya don haka suna da kansu. Akwai shaidu da za su ba da shawarar cewa mafi kyawun tsare-tsaren suna daidaitawa da ƙarfi, suna amsawa ga yanayin canzawa. Koyaya, gudanarwar daidaitawa tana buƙatar a kula da tsarin koyaushe don a gano canje-canje. Abin mamaki wannan ba a yi shi akai-akai ba, har ma ga nau'in da aka riga aka jera. Dole ne a saka idanu kan jinsunan a duk lokacin farfadowa (da bayan) don tabbatar da cewa shirin yana aiki kamar yadda aka nufa. Ya kamata a tsara tsarin wannan saka idanu kafin a fara aiwatarwa, da kuma cikakkun bayanai da aka haɗa a cikin shirin farfadowa. Ya kamata a samar da bayanai game da yadda kuma lokacin da za a tattara bayanai.

## Manazarta