open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Christine Brooke-Rose

**Christine Brooke-Rose** (16 Janairu 1923)&nbsp;– 21 Maris 2012  ) marubuciya ce 'yar Birtaniya kuma mai sukar adabi, wacce aka fi sani da littattafan gwaji. 

## Rayuwa
An haifi Christine Brooke-Rose a Geneva, Switzerland ga mahaifinta ɗan Ingila, Alfred Northbrook Rose, da mahaifiyarta 'yar Amurka- Switzerland, Evelyn (née Brooke).  Sun rabu a shekarar 1929. An rene ta ne a Brussels tare da kakanninta na uwa, amma kuma ta yi karatu a Kwalejin St Stephen's Broadstairs kafin ta halarci Kwalejin Somerville, Oxford (MA) da Kwalejin Jami'a, London (PhD). 

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ta shiga WAAF . Da farko ta yi aiki a RAF Thornaby da ke Yorkshire inda ta rubuta tarihin jiragen sama na Coastal Command. Lokacin da kwamandan WAAF ya ji tana iya magana da Jamusanci sosai, nan da nan aka ba ta aiki aka kira ta zuwa Landan inda Frederick Winterbotham ya yi mata hira; ta fassara wani saƙon fasaha, tana tafiya ne kawai a *Klappenschrank* (wani ɓangare na wayar tarho ta rundunar sojoji). Bayan tana da shekaru 18, aka tura ta zuwa Hut 3 a Bletchley Park, inda ta tantance saƙonnin Jamusanci da aka katse. Littafin tarihin rayuwarta *na Remake* ya rubuta rayuwarta a BP. 

Ta kammala karatun digirinta na jami'a, tana karanta Turanci a Kwalejin Somerville, Oxford . Daga nan ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Landan a matsayin 'yar jarida kuma malamar adabi. An yi mata aure sau uku: ga Rodney Bax, wanda ta haɗu da shi a Bletchley Park; ga mawaki Jerzy Pietrkiewicz ; da kuma (a taƙaice) ga ɗan uwanta, Claude Brooke.

A lokacin da take hidima a Bletchley Park kuma ta auri Bax, ta yi soyayya da wani jami'in sojan Amurka Telford Taylor, wanda shi kansa ya yi aure. Wannan ya kai ga ƙarshen aurenta da Bax,  kodayake auren Taylor ya daɗe na wasu shekaru bayan haka. Taylor ne ke kula da sashen hulɗa da Amurka a Bletchley, kuma daga baya ya zama Lauya ga masu gabatar da ƙara a shari'o'in Nuremberg .

Bayan rabuwa da Pietrkiewicz a shekarar 1968, ta koma Faransa, tana koyarwa a Jami'ar Paris, Vincennes daga 1968 zuwa 1988. A shekarar 1975, yayin da take koyar da harsuna da adabin Turanci a Jami'ar Paris, ta zama farfesa a fannin adabin Turanci da na Amurka da kuma ka'idar adabi. [1] A shekarar 1988, ta yi ritaya ta koma kudancin Faransa, kusa da Avignon. [2]

## Manazarta
Ethel Bush

**Ethel Violet Bush** GM (10 Maris 1916 &#x2013; 18 Mayu 2016) jami'ar 'yan sanda ce ta Burtaniya wacce ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan sandan mata na Metropolitan guda biyu da aka fara bai wa lambar yabo ta George . 

Bush ya shiga rundunar 'yan sandan birnin Metropolitan a matsayin ɗan sanda a shekarar 1946 bayan ya yi aiki da rundunar sojojin sama ta mata a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, kuma an ƙara masa matsayi zuwa Saje a shekarar 1953. 

A shekarar 1955, bayan an kai wa mata da dama hari a Fairfield Path, Croydon, Sajen Bush ya yi aikin sa kai don ya zama mai yaudara, tare da sauran abokan aikinsa. Maharin ya ji wa WPC Kathleen Parrott rauni sosai a watan Maris, kuma a ranar 23 ga Afrilu ya tunkari Bush daga baya ya buge ta a kai, inda ya yi mata rauni wanda ya buƙaci dinki goma sha ɗaya. Bush ta riƙe rigar maharin ta yi ƙoƙarin riƙe shi, amma ta faɗi wanda ya sa ya tsere. 

Lokacin da aka kama maharin daga ƙarshe, WPC Parrott da WPS Bush suna cikin mata tara da suka iya gano ma'aikaciyar mai shekaru 29. A martanin da ta mayar kan abin da ta aikata, wata alkali ta ce "Ba zan iya tunanin ƙarfin hali fiye da yadda kuka nuna a wannan hanyar ba." Babban alkali ya ƙara da cewa, "Idan wani zai iya tunanin wani labari mai kyau a tarihin 'Yan sandan Metropolitan, zan yi farin cikin jin sa." [1] Bush ya sami lambar yabo ta George ; da kuma babban yabo na Kwamishina da kuma £15 daga Asusun 'Yan sandan Bow Street .

## Shekarun da suka gabata
Bush ta yi bikin cika shekaru 100 a watan Maris na 2016  kuma ta rasu bayan watanni biyu. 

## Manazarta
Elva Blacker

**Elva Joan Blacker** (1908 - 10 Afrilu 1984) mai zane ce 'yar Ingila, wacce aka san ta da zane-zanen ma'aikatan rundunar sojojin sama ta Royal Air Force a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Blacker a Carshalton a shekarar 1908   kuma ta girma, da farko a wani gida da ke sama da 130 High Street, Sutton, Surrey,  inda mahaifinta, William Harry Blacker, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto, tare da nasa ɗakin studio.   Daga baya iyalan sun zauna a wani gida mai ɗakuna biyar a Egmont Corner.  Duk da cewa abin da ta fi so shi ne fasaha, ta halarci Regent Street Polytechnic don yin karatun daukar hoto, bisa ga buƙatunsa.  Ya mutu a shekarar 1930, kuma ta karɓi aikin.  Ta ci gaba da yin zane, ta halarci Makarantar Fasaha ta Sutton da Cheam na ɗan lokaci,  kuma ta yi rajista a Makarantar Fasaha ta Slade a matsayin ɗalibi na cikakken lokaci a 1936.  A wannan shekarar ta sami ƙananan hotuna uku da aka karɓa don baje kolin su a Royal Academy da kuma shida don baje kolin Society of Miniaturists.  An kuma nuna ayyukanta a wasan kwaikwayo na farko da ta yi a Landan a wani gidan tarihi da ke Bond Street,  a Paris Salon da kuma a Royal Scottish Academy .  Masu kula da hotonta a wannan lokacin sun haɗa da mai fafutukar kare hakkin dabbobi Nina Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess na Hamilton, da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Gladys Cooper .  Ta kuma ɗauki hotunan mutanen gidan wasan kwaikwayo, don ba ta kuɗin lokacinta a kwaleji.  Ɗaya daga cikin hotunanta na George Bernard Shaw ya zama babban fim a cikin *GBS - Hoton Cikakken Tsawon* Hesketh Pearson . 

Ta kasance mai cin ganyayyaki har tsawon rayuwarta.  Tana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu. 

## Aikin soja
Tun daga farkon Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Blacker direba ce ta Sashen Zubar da Jini . An kira ta zuwa Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Mata, tare da matsayin Direban Sufuri na Mata. [1] Bayan horo, an tura ta zuwa Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta RAF Biggin Hill . [1] A lokacin rashin aiki, tana zana ko fenti ga abokan aikinta, yawanci a wurin aiki ko hutawa a cikin yanayi na yau da kullun. [1] Ayyukanta a wannan lokacin galibi suna amfani da launin ruwa, amma kuma sun haɗa da zane-zanen fensir, alkalami ko goga da tawada, ko mai a kan jirgi da zane. [1] Gidan Tarihi na RAF ya kira su "wani tarihi mara misaltuwa na rayuwar yau da kullun a tashoshin RAF". [1] Ta nuna wani zaɓi a Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa a 1943, [1] inda aka ɗauki hotonta tana tattaunawa da Sarauniya Elizabeth . [2] [3]

A watan Disamba na shekarar 1944, an tura ta aiki a lamba 6091 Servicing Echelon a RAF Manston, tana ba da tallafi a ƙasa ga Spitfires na rundunar sojoji mai lamba 91.  A watan Oktoba mai zuwa ta koma hedikwatar ƙungiyar mai lamba 28 a Landan, lokacin da ta zaɓi ta tsawaita aikinta don fara aiki a matsayin Malamin Horar da Ilimi da Sana'o'i, tana taimaka wa maza su koma rayuwar farar hula.  An sallame ta daga aiki a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1946, tare da matsayin Sajen. 

## Manazarta
Lídia Cardoso

**Lídia de Fátima da Graça Cardoso** manaja ce 'yar ƙasar Mozambique wacce ta kasance Ministar Ruwa ta Teku, Ruwa ta Cikin Ƙasa da Kamun Kifi tun daga watan Maris 2022.   Ta maye gurbin Augusta Maíta. Cardoso ta taɓa zama Mataimakiyar Ministar Lafiya daga watan Fabrairu 2020 har zuwa watan Maris 2022.  Kafin ta shiga gwamnati, ta kasance mai ba da shawara kan harkokin kula da harkokin lafiya. 

## Manazarta
Wasannin gargajiya na Mexico

Mexico tana da wasu wasanni da ayyukan gargajiya.

## Tarihi
Bayan juyin juya halin Mexico na shekarun 1910, an haɗa wasannin 'yan asalin ƙasar da al'adun gargajiya a cikin wasu shirye-shiryen gwamnati da aka yi niyya don haɗa ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na Mexico wuri ɗaya. Duk da haka, irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen galibi sun shuɗe, tare da ɗan sake farfaɗo da su zuwa farkon ƙarni na 21. 

## Wasannin gargajiya

### Arranca cebollitas
Arranca cebollitas wasa ne inda mahalarta ke yin layi, kowannensu yana tsaye a bayan abokin wasansa yana riƙe da kugunsa. Wani abokin hamayya yana ƙoƙarin jawo ɗan wasan da ke bayan layin daga sauran layin; idan ya yi nasara, abokin hamayyar yana maimaita hakan har sai ya iya cire duk 'yan wasa daga layin.

### La víbora de la mar
La Víbora de la Mar (ma’ana: macijin teku) wasa ne na gargajiya da ake rera waƙa tare da shi, wanda ya samo asali daga ƙasar Mexico. Masu wasa kan riƙe hannuwan juna su samar da wani layi kamar maciji, sannan su riƙa gudu suna zagaye filin wasa. Wannan wasa ya shahara a tsakanin yara a Mexico da sauran ƙasashen Latin America, kuma ana yin sa a Spain inda ake kiran sa “pasemisín.”
Wasan ya kuma zama wata al’ada a bikin aure na Mexico. A irin wannan lokaci, ango da amarya kan tsaya a saman kujeru, yayin da ‘yan uwa su kewaye su suna riƙe da su. Wannan yana nuna haɗin kan iyali da goyon bayan da suke ba ma’auratan.
A lokaci guda kuma, wasu mahalarta sukan yi layi kamar “maciji”, suna rawa suna buga juna da su domin su sa ango da amarya su fadi daga kan kujerun. Wannan yana wakiltar duk wata matsala ko ƙalubale da ka iya tasowa a rayuwar aure.
Iyali da abokai kuma suna ƙoƙarin riƙe ango da amarya su tsaya a kan kujerunsu, wanda ke nuna cewa za su taimaka musu su kasance tare kuma su shawo kan wahalhalu a rayuwa.

### Lotería

## Wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa

### Wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Mesoamerican

### Pelota mixteca
Pelota mixteca wasa ne kamar wasan tennis inda mahalarta ke buga ƙwallon ta amfani da wurin bugawa da aka makala a hannunsu mai safar hannu. 

### Pelota purépecha
Pelota purépecha wasa ne mai kama da wasan hockey wanda aka yi da ƙwallon da ke kama da wuta. 

### Timbomba
Timbomba ko Kimbomba wasa ne game da buga ɗan gajeren sanda gwargwadon iyawa ta amfani da dogon sanda da aka riƙe a hannu. 

## Abubuwan da suka faru na dabbobi

### Faɗar shanu
Faɗar shanu wani aiki ne da Sifaniyawa suka gabatar a Mexico. 

### Charrería
Charrería ta ƙunshi mahalarta da suka halarci tarukan dawaki da dama. 

## Duba kuma

* Kayan wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya na Mexico da aka yi da hannu

## Manazarta
Bick na sadaka

**Charity Anne Bick** GM (19 Disamba 1925 - 22 Afrilu 2002) ta kasance mai tuka jirgin sama na farar hula na Ingila a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kuma mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ta taɓa samun lambar yabo ta George Medal, lambar yabo ta biyu mafi girma ta Burtaniya don jarumtaka ta farar hula. Daga baya ta yi aiki a rundunar sojojin sama ta mata .

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Charity Anne Bick a ranar 19 ga Disamba, 1925   kuma ta yi karatu a Makarantar Firamare ta Lyng da ke Horton Street, Lyng, West Bromwich . 

## Lambar George
Tana da shekaru 14, yayin da take zaune a Maud Road, West Bromwich  ta yi ƙarya game da shekarunta, tana da'awar cewa tana da shekaru 16, don shiga rundunar Air Raid Precautions (ARP)  a wannan garin. Ta yi aikin sa kai a ofishin wani aikin bulo kusa da gidanta, tana isar da saƙonni tsakanin tashoshin ARP, ta hanyar kekuna.  Mahaifinta mai kula da ofisoshin ARP ne,  mahaifiyarta kuma ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta Red Cross . 

A lokacin wani hari ta sama a West Bromwich, a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 1940, [1] ta taimaka wa mahaifinta wajen kashe wani bam mai ƙonewa wanda ya makale a rufin wani dillalin kaya . [2] Lokacin da rufin ya faɗi, sai ta faɗi ta samu ƙananan raunuka. [3] [4] Duk da haka, sai ta yi amfani da keken da aka aro ta kuma yi ƙoƙari sau da yawa don isar da saƙo zuwa ɗakin sarrafawa, mil ɗaya da kwata, ta guji bama-bamai da fashe-fashen abubuwa. [3] Ta yi tafiye-tafiye akai-akai, aƙalla uku daga cikinsu sun faru ne a lokacin da harin ya yi tsanani. [3]

An ba Bick lambar yabo ta George Medal (GM) saboda jarumtarta; ambaton hukuma, a cikin *Jaridar London Gazette* ta 14 ga Fabrairu 1941, ya karanta:   

## Rayuwar daga baya
Daga baya an san Bick da "Jimmie", daga sunan "GM" mai daraja. 

An tura ta zuwa Kinross, Scotland, a shekarar 1944 a matsayin mai gyaran wutar lantarki a rundunar sojojin sama ta mata,  ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1962 daga magajin ta, rundunar sojojin sama ta mata a matsayin jami'in waranti,  kuma bayan ta sami lambar yabo ta Royal Air Force Long Service da Good Conduct Medal .  A halin yanzu, ta kafa gida a Forres .  Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gwamnati a Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Tsaron Jama'a a Elgin, inda ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1987. 

Ta tuna a shekarar 1988 yadda ta yi amfani da lambar yabo ta George Medal don buga allon wanke-wanke lokacin da take cikin ƙungiyar skiffle . 

A ƙarshen rayuwarta, Bick ta zauna a Inverness .  Ta mutu a can a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2002, tana da shekaru 76.  

## Manazarta
Barbara Kelley

**Barbara Lilian Kelley** MBE (26 ga Agusta 1920 &#x2013; 2 ga Maris 1998) jami'ar 'yan sanda ce ta Burtaniya a rundunar 'yan sandan birnin London . Ita ce mace ta farko a kasar da aka kara mata matsayi zuwa babban jami'in 'yan sanda na 'yan sanda .

An haifi Kelley a Bridgwater, Somerset . Ta shiga rundunar sojojin sama ta mata (WAAF) a ranar 6 ga Yuni, 1940, kuma an sallame ta da mukamin Saje a ranar 17 ga Janairu, 1946. An ambace ta a cikin rubuce-rubucenta a ranar 8 ga Agusta, 1944.

Ta shiga rundunar 'yan sandan Metropolitan a ranar 2 ga Disamba, 1946. A ƙarshen shekarun 1940, ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar sandar bincike a ofishin 'yan sanda na West End Central tare da Shirley Becke, wacce daga baya ta zama Kwamanda mace ta farko a rundunar 'yan sandan Metropolitan. Jami'an biyu sun shawo kan Sufeto Janar na 'yan sanda na sashinsu ya ba su damar yin aiki a kan dukkan shari'o'i maimakon iyakance adadin shari'o'i (galibi sun shafi mata da yara) waɗanda a da aka takaita wa mata masu bincike. Wannan ya buɗe hanyar haɗa jami'an bincike mata gaba ɗaya. A shekarar 1972, Kelley ta kai matsayin Babban Sufeto kuma tana aiki a rundunar 'yan sanda ta Kisa a Scotland Yard .

An nada Kelley a matsayin Memba na Order of the British Empire (MBE) a bikin karramawa na Sabuwar Shekara ta 1973.  Ta yi ritaya a watan Agusta 1975.

## Manazarta

* "Rashin 'yan sanda ba abin farin ciki ba ne", a cikin *jaridar The Times*, 29 ga Afrilu 1974.
* "'Yan sandan Burtaniya Suna Fuskantar Ƙauyancin Mata", a cikin ''Sarasota Herald-Tribune'', 5 ga Yuli 1974 .
Leda Hugo

**Leda Florida Hugo** (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga watan Janairu 1963) ƙwararriyar masaniya ce a fannin noma  kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar ƙasar Mozambique wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar minista tun daga shekarar 2010.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Hugo a Namapa, Lardin Nampula a ranar 4 ga watan Janairu, 1963. Ta yi makarantar firamare a Ocua a Lardin Cabo Delgado da kuma makarantar sakandare a Nampula. Ta yi karatun noma a Jami'ar Eduardo Mondlane da ke Maputo, inda ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1986. Ta sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Texas A&amp;amp;M, College Station da kuma digiri na uku daga Jami'ar Pretoria da ke Afirka ta Kudu.

## Aiki
A shekarar 1994, Hugo ta fara aiki a Jami'ar Eduardo Mondlane, inda ta jagoranci horon a fannin noma. Daga shekarun 2001 zuwa 2006 ta jagoranci shirin Injiniyanci na karkara, kuma a shekarar 2008 ta jagoranci alkiblar koyarwa ta jami'ar.

Hugo memba ce a ƙungiyar 'Yanci ta Mozambique. A shekarar 2010, Shugaba Armando Guebuza ya naɗa ta a matsayin mataimakiyar ministan ilimi.  

Bayan zaɓen shekara ta 2014, Hugo ta zama Mataimakiyar Ministan Kimiyya, Fasaha, Ilimi Mai Girma da Ƙwarewa a Majalisar Ministocin Filipe Nyusi.    

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Hugo an sake ta kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu. Ita musulma ce kuma tana jin Makua, Portuguese da Turanci.

## Wallafe-wallafe

* 
* 

## Manazarta
Felicity Hill

Air Commodore **Dame Felicity Barbara Hill**, DBE (12 Disamba 1915 - 30 Janairu 2019) jami'ar rundunar sojin sama ta Burtaniya ce. Daga 1966 zuwa 1969, ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na rundunar sojin sama ta mata .   Ta rasu a watan Janairun 2019 tana da shekaru 103. 

## Aikin soja
A shekarar 1939, bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Hill ta shiga Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Mata (WAAF).  Ta yi niyyar shiga Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Mata (WRENS) amma aikace-aikacenta ya ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo kafin a aiwatar da shi, don haka ta shiga WAAF tare da wasu abokai. A gaskiya ta yi gajarta don ta cancanci shiga aikin soja amma mutumin da ke auna ta ya ƙara rabin inci zuwa tsayinta don cika mafi ƙarancin da ake buƙata. Da take bayanin halin da ake ciki, ta ce "Wataƙila bai kamata in taɓa shiga ba".  Matsayinta na farko a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jirgin sama shine mataimakiyar kayan aiki a shagunan RAF Farnborough inda ta fitar da "komai daga wando zuwa bindiga".  

Ta gaza a kwamitin zaɓen jami'a na farko saboda tana ƙarama.  Bayan ta halarci kwas na farko na horar da ma'aikatan NCO na WAAF a watan Yunin 1940, an ƙara mata matsayi zuwa kofur .  Daga nan ta yi aiki a matsayin sabuwar mai koyarwa a RAF West Drayton, sannan a Harrogate lokacin da makarantar horarwa ta ƙaura zuwa can saboda London Blitz . 

Bayan ta sami nasara a kan hukumar gudanarwa a karo na biyu, Hill ta halarci Makarantar Horar da Jami'ai ta WAAF da ke Bulstrode Park, Buckingham .  A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1940, aka naɗa ta a matsayin mataimakiyar jami'ar sashe (daidai da matsayin jami'in tuƙi ).  A shekarar 1941, ta yi aiki a RAF Wyton inda ayyukanta suka haɗa da yin hira da masu neman shiga WAAF; daga cikin waɗanda ta yi hira da su akwai Sarah Churchill, 'yar Firayim Minista Winston Churchill a wancan lokacin. 

Daga 1942 zuwa 1943, ta yi aiki a Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Ruwa ta WAAF. [1] A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 1942, an ƙara mata matsayi a matsayin jami'in sashe ( na wucin gadi ) (daidai da matsayin jami'in tashi ). [2] An ƙara mata matsayi a matsayin jami'in jirgin sama na wucin gadi (daidai da laftanar jirgin sama ) a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1943, [3] daga baya ta zauna a Scotland a RAF Kirkwell a 1943, kuma a RAF Turnhouse daga 1943 zuwa 1944. [1] Ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan WRAF Depot a RAF Grantham . A watan Maris na 2023, tana ɗaya daga cikin mata da suka shahara waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Grantham wanda Majalisar Gundumar South Kesteven ta karrama. [4]

## Manazarta
Sanarwar Jin

**Avis Joan Hearn** (30 ga Yuni 1916 - 27 ga Maris 2008) ta kasance wata ma'aikaciyar soja 'yar Birtaniya ce wadda ta yi aiki a rundunar sojojin sama ta mata (WAAF) kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin mata shida kacal a cikin rundunar da aka ba lambar yabo ta soja a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . 

An haifi Hearn a Chesham, Buckinghamshire, kuma, a shekarar 1939, yana zaune a Amersham kuma yana aiki a matsayin mai gyaran gida . A shekarar da ta gabata, Hearn ya shiga cikin Kamfanin 39th (Buckinghamshire) na Ayyukan Yankuna Masu Taimako (ATS).  Kamfanin na 39 yana ɗaya daga cikin rukunin ATS da aka tara a 1938 don samar da tallafi ga rukunin Sojojin Sama na Royal Air Force (RAF). A watan Yunin 1939, an canza kamfanonin ATS RAF zuwa sabuwar WAAF da aka kafa. 

A lokacin barkewar yaƙi, an riga an tura Hearn zuwa wani kwas don zama mai shirya makirci kuma daga baya aka horar da shi don zama mai sarrafa radar . Bayan kammala horon radar ɗinta, an tura Hearn zuwa tashar radar da ke Poling, West Sussex . 

A ranar 18 ga Agusta 1940, wadda aka fi sani da Ranar Mafi Wuya, Babbar Mace Mai Jiran Jiragen Sama kuma mai riƙon Kofur Hearn tana kan aiki da rana kuma tana gudanar da tsarin wayar tarho tana isar da bayanan radar daga masu aiki zuwa Hedikwatar Rundunar Sojojin Sama da ke RAF Bentley Priory, Stanmore . 

A kusan 2 a lokacin da aka ji ƙarar ƙarar jiragen sama, aka kuma umarci ma'aikatan su ɓoye. Hearn ya ƙi ya ci gaba da aika bayanai daga masu shirya makarkashiyar zuwa ɗakin sarrafawa. Na tsawon mintuna 20 da suka biyo baya, jiragen ruwa na Junkers Ju 87 Stuka masu jefa bam a Sturzkampfgeschwader 77 sun yi wa Poling bam daidai. A wani lokaci, an tambaye ta ko ta san inda masu jefa bam ɗin suke, sai ta amsa da cewa "Hanyar masu jefa bam ɗin abokan gaba ta bayyana a gare ni kawai saboda bam ɗin sun kusa faɗuwa a kaina." Hearn ta ci gaba da aiki duk da cewa an yanke layukan waya. [1] [1]

An yi mummunar barna a ginin da Hearn ke aiki a ciki. Bayan kai harin, barnar ta yi yawa har tashar ba ta aiki na tsawon makonni amma babu wanda ya rasa ransa a tsakanin ma'aikatan tashar. An kafa wani tasha na wucin gadi kusa da Amering Woods inda Hearn ya yi aiki har sai da Poling ya dawo aiki a watan Oktoban 1940. 

## Manazarta
Lady Dorothy Lygon

**Lady Dorothy Lygon** (a takaice Heber-Percy ; 22 ga Fabrairu 1912 - 13 Nuwamba 2001) ƙwararriyar 'yar Ingila ce, kuma ɗaya daga cikin Bright Young Things . Ta yi aiki a matsayin Jami'ar Jiragen Sama a Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Mata a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kuma daga baya ta zama mai kula da adana kayan tarihi.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Lygon a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, 1912, 'yar William Lygon, Earl Beauchamp na 7 da Lady Lettice Grosvenor, 'yar Victor Grosvenor, Earl Grosvenor kuma jikanyar Duke na Westminster na 1 .

Abotarta da Evelyn Waugh ta fara ne a farkon shekarun 1930. Waugh ya bayyana wa Lygon cewa Lygons wani ɓangare ne kawai na wahayi ga littafin *Brideshead Revisited* ; Dorothy wataƙila ya zaburar da halayen Lady Cordelia Flyte. A cewar Laura ( née Herbert), matar Waugh, Dorothy ita ce "mafi kyau duka" abokan mijinta. Waugh ta sadaukar da *Black Mischief* ga Mary da Dorothy Lygon. 

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Lygon ta yi aiki a matsayin Jami'ar Jiragen Sama a Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Mata da aka tura zuwa Italiya. Bayan yaƙin, ta koma gona a Gloucestershire. A shekarun 1950, ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar zamantakewa a Ofishin Jakadancin Burtaniya da ke Athens. A shekarar 1956, ta koma Istanbul, tana aiki a matsayin mai kula da gidaje. Daga nan ta koma Hydra . A shekarun 1960 ta koma Ingila ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da adana kayan tarihi a Christie's . 

A shekarar 1985, ta auri Robert Heber-Percy, tsohon abokin/masoyin mawaki Lord Berners har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar 1950, lokacin da Robert ya gaji Faringdon House a Oxfordshire. [1] [2] Sun "rabu cikin aminci" shekara guda bayan haka. [1] [3] Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sake buga littafin da ya ɓace a shekarar 2000 mai suna The Girls of Radcliff Hall . Ta rasu a shekarar 2001, tana da shekaru 89. [3]

## Manazarta
Jo Desure

**Jo Desure** (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1948)  'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Belgium kuma 'yar fim din. 

Bayan ya ci gaba da sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo, Deseure ya shiga Institut Supérieur des Arts a Brussels kuma ya kammala karatu daga can a shekarar 1984. Daga baya ta fara aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo kuma ta zama mai wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullun a Compagnie des Bosons a Ixelles . [1]

Ta yi fim dinta na farko a cikin Toto the Hero (1991), fim din wasan kwaikwayo wanda Jaco Van Dormael ya jagoranta. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Deseure ta bayyana a cikin *Mala'ika na* (2004), Sister Smile (2009), Sans laisser de traces (2010), da Madly in Life (2020). Fim din na karshe ya ba ta lambar yabo ta Magritte don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau.

## Hotunan da aka zaɓa

## Manazarta
Anne Coesens

Anne Coesens (an haife ta a shekara ta 1966) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Belgian. Ta yi karatu a Royal Conservatory na Brussels da National Superior Conservatory of Dramatic Arts a Paris kuma tana aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo.[1] Ta kuma bayyana a fina-finai - kyaututtuka sun hada da Illegal, Ma vie en rose, Private Lessons, Gobe We Move, da Diamant 13. Ta sami lambar yabo ta Magritte don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau don Illegal [1] wanda shine fim dinta na huɗu tare da Olivier Masset-Depasse . [1][2]

## Hotunan fina-finai

## Manazarta
Zura Barayeva

**Zura Barayeva** (ta mutu a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2002) ita ce gwauruwar Arbi Barayev, wani sanannen mayakin yaƙi na Chechen. An kashe ta a lokacin rikicin garkuwa da mutane a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow a watan Oktoba na 2002, inda ta jagoranci rundunar mata. 

Wata tsohuwar mai garkuwa da mutane ta bayyana mata:"Ta yi kama da ta al'ada. Ta ɓoye yadda take ji a bayan abin rufe fuska na ladabi. Da alama tana jin daɗin cewa tana cikin wannan yanayi, cewa mutane suna sauraronta kuma suna son yin magana da ita, cewa ita ce ke da iko. Za ta tambayi mutane ko suna da 'ya'ya. Kullum za ta ce, "Komai zai yi kyau. Zai ƙare cikin kwanciyar hankali". Ta cire bel ɗin bam ɗinta ta ɗauke shi a kafaɗarta, duk annashuwa." 

## Manazarta
Veerle Baetens

**Veerle Baetens** (an haife ta a ranar 24 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1978) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Belgium, mai shirya fina-finai, kuma mawaƙa da aka fi sani da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Elise / Alabama a cikin fim din wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya The Broken Circle Breakdown (2012), wanda ta lashe kyautar Tribeca Film Festival Award for Best Actress . An kuma san ta da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Detective Hannah Maes a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka na VTM Code 37 (2009-12).

Ta fara fitowa a matsayin darakta tare da fim din wasan kwaikwayo When It Melts (2023), wanda aka zaba ta don Babban Kyautar Juri a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2023.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Baetens a Brasschaat, Belgium . Tana da ilimin kiɗa a Hoger Instituut voor Dramatische Kunsten a Brussels .

## Ayyuka
A shekara ta 2005, ta lashe lambar yabo ta "John Kraaijkamp Musical Award", a cikin rukunin 'Leading Actress in a musical', don rawar da take takawa a cikin sauyawar kiɗa na Dutch na Pippi Longstocking . 

A shekara ta 2008, ta lashe lambar yabo ta Flemish TV-star (Flemish daidai da lambar yabo ta Emmy) don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau da kuma shahararren mutumin TV, duka biyu don rawar da take takawa a Sara. [1]

A shekara ta 2012, ta fitar da kundi tare da ƙungiyarta "Dallas", mai suna Take it all .

A shekara ta 2013, ta lashe lambar yabo ta "mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo" a European Film Awards saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin The Broken Circle Breakdown . 

A shekara ta 2013 ta nuna Margaret ta Anjou a cikin miniseries na Starz The White Queen, wanda ya samo asali ne daga littafin mai suna Philippa Gregory . 

A cikin 2023 ta fara zama darakta tare da fim din When it Melts .

## Hotunan fina-finai

## Waƙoƙi

* *Cabaret* (1998) 
* *Ina ka kasance lokacin da...* (1999)
* Rashin jin daɗi (1999) 
* *Chicago* (2000) 
* *Hoton soyayya na hutu* (2003) 
* *Pippi Langkous* (2005) - Pippi Langkous

## Kyaututtuka a matsayin 'yar fim

## Manazarta
Laysat Baysarova

**Laysat Tangieva** ( Russian , Ingush ; 1920 - 2005) ma'aikaciyar jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Ingush ce, wacce ta zama mai harbin bindiga a kan NKVD bayan an nemi ta taimaka wajen korar mutanenta da kuma korarsu . A lokacin da take ɓuya a tsaunukan Caucasus daga 1944 zuwa 1957, lokacin da ƙasarta ta yi hijira, ta kai hari tare da kashe Chekists da yawa don ɗaukar fansa kan harin da suka kai wa mutanen Vainakh, bayan an riga an horar da ita kan harbin bindiga da Komsomol kafin dokar ta ayyana mutanen Ingush a matsayin maƙiyan gwamnati . Baya ga ayyukanta na abrek, ita ce mace ta farko da ta hau kan Dutsen Elbrus, ta yi hakan tare da mijinta Akhmedkhan a 1939. Bayan ƙarshen lokacin gudun hijirarta, ta daina ayyukanta na abrek ta tsallaka zuwa Georgian SSR ta tsaunuka, inda ta zauna har sai da ta koma Ingushetia ta asali lokacin da ta tsufa. [1] [2] [3] [4]

## Manazarta
Lubna Azabal

**Lubna Azabal** 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Belgium. An san ta da wasan kwaikwayon da ta yi a cikin *Aljanna Yanzu* da Incendies .

## YTarihin rayuwa
Lubna Azabal an haife ta ne a Brussels ga mahaifin Maroko da mahaifiyar Mutanen Espanya. An haife ta da Harsuna uku (Faransanci, Mutanen Espanya da Berber). 

## Ayyuka
Azabal ya fara aikin wasan kwaikwayo a Belgium. A cikin 1997, ta ɗauki aikinta na farko na fim lokacin da mai shirya fina-finai na Belgium Vincent Lannoo ya zaɓi ta ta yi aiki tare da Olivier Gourmet a cikin ɗan gajeren fim ɗinsa J'adore le cinéma.[ana ruwa hujja] [citation need] Ta yi cikin Turanci, Faransanci da Larabci. 

Matsayinta mafi sananne a fim shine a cikin fim din siyasa na 2005, *Aljanna Yanzu* . Ta bayyana a cikin karamin rawa a cikin Ridley Scott's Body of Lies . Tana da jagora tare da Maggie Gyllenhaal a cikin shirin Hugo Blick na 2014 na BBC TV mai suna The Honourable Woman . [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

Ta fito a gaban Ben Foster a fim mai zaman kansa *A nan* (2011). [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

A cikin 2018, Azabal ta bayyana a matsayin Susannah a fim din Helen Edmundson Mary Magdalene.

## Kyaututtuka
Azabal ta lashe lambar yabo ta Black Pearl Award 2010 (Abu Dhabi Film Festival) don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau saboda rawar da ta taka a fim din Incendies . [1] Ta kuma lashe lambar yabo ta Genie don Mafi kyawun Ayyuka ta Actress a Matsayin Jagora a 31st Genie Awards da kuma lambar yabo ta Magritte don Mafi kyawun Actress a 2nd Magritte Awards.[2]

## Manazarta
Cynthia Elbaum

**Cynthia Elbaum** (Maris 19, 1966 - Disamba 22, 1994) 'yar jaridar daukar hoto ce ' yar Amurka, an kashe ta a Chechnya, inda take aiki a matsayin mai zaman kanta ga ''Time'', BBC, *Moscow Times*, tana ba da rahoto kan Yaƙin Chechen na Farko .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Cynthia Elbaum, wacce 'yar asalin Rasha ce  kuma ta girma a Ashfield, Massachusetts, ta halarci UMass Amherst daga 1984-1987 yayin da take ɗaukar darasi a Smith kuma ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Smith a 1989 tare da babban digiri a fannin nazarin Rashanci .  Ta yi tafiye-tafiye akai-akai zuwa tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, tana aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida mai ɗaukar hoto mai zaman kanta .  Elbaum ta yi karatun Rashanci a Jami'ar Moscow bayan kammala karatunta daga Smith kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto mai zaman kanta a Rasha kafin ta koma Amurka inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga mai ɗaukar hoto na ''Time'' kuma ta koyar da Turanci ga 'yan gudun hijirar Rasha.  Elbaum ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto a 1992, bayan ta ga gawawwakin mutane a kan titin Moscow bayan Boris Yeltsin ya karɓi ragamar majalisar dokokin Rasha. 

A lokacin da aka tura Cynthia aiki a mujallar Time a lokacin fara yakin farko a Chechnya, tana ɗaukar hoto a titunan Grozny, babban birnin jamhuriyar da ta balle, lokacin da aka kashe ta a wani harin bam na Rasha. Ita ce 'yar jarida ta farko da aka sani da aka kashe a wannan yaƙin. [1] Akalla wasu fararen hula 23 aka kashe a cikin harsasai. [2]

## Gado
Ana gudanar da takardun Elbaum a Kwalejin Smith. 

An rubuta sunan Cynthia Elbaum a kan gilashin da ke cikin Freedom Forum Journalists Memorial a Newseum da ke Washington, DC 

## Manazarta
Nadezhda Chaikova

**Nadezhda Vladimirovna Chaikova** ( Russian   ; Janairu 23, 1963 - 1996) wakiliya ce ga jaridar *[[Obshchaya Gazeta]]* ta Rasha mai mako-mako. Abokiyar aikin Anna Politkovskaya, ta yi tafiye-tafiye akai-akai zuwa Chechnya da yankunan da ke makwabtaka da ita. Kusan ƙarshen yaƙin, a shekarar 1996, an sace ta aka kashe ta da wasu 'yan bindiga da ba a san ko su waye ba. 

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Nadezhda Chaikova a ranar 23 ga Janairu, 1963, a Moscow .

Kafin ta kammala karatun jami'a, tana aiki a matsayin mai tattarawa a masana'antar na'urorin semiconductor ta Moscow's Start da kuma ma'aikaciyar jinya, mai rajistar karɓar baƙi a asibiti, da kuma mai duba ayyukan lafiya a Moscow.

An haifi ɗanta Denis a shekarar 1989.  A wannan shekarar, Chaikova, ƙwararriyar masaniyar tarihi da kuma masanin ilimin gabas ta ilimi, ta kammala karatunta daga sashen tarihi na Jami'ar Jihar Moscow . Bayan haka, Chaikova ta yi karatu a Makarantar Digiri na Biyu ta Cibiyar Nazarin Gabas ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha . 

Kafin ta zo *Obshchaya Gazeta* a shekarar 1995,  ta yi aiki a rediyo da kuma hukumomin labarai na jihar ITAR-TASS da RIA Novosti . 

### Arewacin Caucasus
Chaikova ta yi aiki a *Obshchaya Gazeta* tun daga watan Oktoban 1995. A can, labaranta galibi rahotannin tafiye-tafiye ne daga Arewacin Caucasus game da Jamhuriyar Dagestan, Jamhuriyar Ingush, da Jamhuriyar Chechen . 

A lokacin yakin Chechnya, Chaikova ta shahara da fallasa ta'addancin sojojin Rasha da kuma kusanci da masu adawa da Chechnya . An san ta da yin rahoto mai zafi game da Yaƙin Chechen na Farko da kuma batutuwa kamar amfani da " sansanonin tacewa " na musamman da hukumomin Rasha suka yi don sarrafa yawan jama'a. Ta kasance a Chechnya sau uku don yin rahoto kan al'amuran yaƙi. Nadezhda ta yi nasarar yin hira da shugaban Chechen na lokacin Dzhokhar Dudayev . Aiki na uku da na ƙarshe ya fara ne a farkon Maris 1996. Ta aika da rahotonta na ƙarshe "Wa zai iya rayuwa a cikin gawawwaki da barguna?" ( *Ko kun san cewa an kashe mutane da yawa a ƙauyen Sernovodsk?* ) daga Chechnya, game da ƙauyen Sernovodsk .  Ba da daɗewa ba kafin mutuwarta, Chaikova ta sami damar yin fim ɗin barna da waɗanda fararen hula suka jikkata sakamakon harin da Rasha ta kai wa ƙauyen Samashki . 

### Mutuwa
A ranar 20 ga Maris, 1996, Chaikova ta ɓace a Chechnya yayin da take kan aiki; an gan ta da rai a ƙarshe kusa da ƙauyen Sernovodskoye tare da gungun 'yan gudun hijira daga Samashki. Makonni uku bayan haka, a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 1996, an gano gawarta a cikin bututun najasa a ƙauyen Chechen na Gekhi, Gundumar Urus-Martanovsky, ta hannun dattawan ƙauyen. Ba tare da sun iya gane ta ba, kwana uku bayan haka suka binne gawar a kusurwar makabartar yankinsu bisa ga al'adun Chechen. An ɗauki hotuna kafin a binne ta, kuma binciken da aka gudanar bayan da masu gabatar da ƙara na yankin suka yi ya nuna cewa an rufe mata ido kuma tana ɗauke da alamun duka mai tsanani. An gano cewa musabbabin mutuwar ta kasance raunin harbin bindiga a bayan kai, wanda aka yi da bindigar hannu ta Makarov PM yayin da take durƙusa. [1] [2]

## Manazarta
Ant a cikin Gilashin Gilashi

***Ant a cikin Gilashin Gilashin: Chechen Diaries 1994-2004*** ( Russian   littafi ne na tarihi na shekarar 2014 wanda littafin tarihin marubuciya ne game da shekarun da aka yi a Chechnya daga 1994 zuwa 2004.  Polina Zherebtsova ce ta rubuta shi, tana da shekaru 9-19. 

A shekarar 2013, Polina ta sami mafakar siyasa a Finland.

An gabatar da littafin a tsakiyar littafin Andrei Sakharov a ranar 30.05.2014. Politkovskaya ta bayyana yaƙi a matsayin 'yar jarida daga waje a ciki. Polina Zherebtsova ta rubuta game da yaƙi daga cikin zuciyar duhu. Der Spiegel №10 /2015. 

## Tarihin edita
Marubucin ne ya gyara wannan littafin kuma an buga shi a bazara ta 2014 ta gidan wallafe-wallafen Rasha AST "Korpus", kodayake a matsayin sigar da aka taƙaita saboda manufofin takunkumi a Rasha ta zamani.

An canza sunayen haruffa. Littafin ya yi bayani game da dangantakar kabilu tsakanin mutanen Rasha da Chechen da kuma rayuwar fararen hula a lokacin yakin Chechen mai zubar da jini. Wannan littafin ya ƙunshi hotuna da zane-zane masu zuwa da Polina Zherebtsova ta yi a shekarun 1994-2004.

*"Na ga ainihin rubutun, kuma zan iya tabbatar da cewa wannan ainihin littafin tarihin wata yarinya ce ta gaske ba wai kawai ta bogi ba"* - in ji Svetlana Gannushkina, wacce ta kafa Kwamitin Taimakon Jama'a, memba a kwamitin kuma shugabar cibiyar "Hijira da Doka" ta Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam "Tunawa", don musanta ikirarin da ake yi game da rashin sahihancin kayan da aka buga a wurin gabatar da littafin, a cewar jaridar Rasha "Rossiyskaya Gazeta". 

LiveLib.ru ta sanya wani littafi mai suna "Ant in a Glass Bottle. Chechen Diaries 1994-2004" a cikin jerin "mafi kyawun littattafai 100 na kowane lokaci" bisa ga sakamakon kimantawa da kuri'u.

Laburaren "Mafi kyawun siyarwa" ya ba da lambar yabo ta farko ga littafin a cikin aikin "Tare da littafi don zaman lafiya da jituwa", wanda aka keɓe don gabatar da littattafai game da yaƙin.

## Fassarori
An fassara littafin zuwa harsunan Ukrainian, Faransanci, Lithuania, Finnish, da Jamusanci .

An buga guntu-guntu cikin harshen Slovenia da Ingilishi

Polina Zherebtsova koyaushe tana ba da haƙƙin bugawa don fassara dukkan littattafanta ita kaɗai, ba tare da amfani da ayyukan wakilan adabi ba.

## Labari
Labarin ya fara ne a ranar 25 ga Maris, 1994 a babban birnin Chechnya Grozny, a cikin dangin Polina na Zherebtsova, waɗanda ke cikin yaƙi mai tsanani a lokacin ayyukan soja. Kwanaki biyar kacal bayan cika shekaru tara, Polina ta fara rubuta tarihin rayuwarta ta farko. Kakannin Polina sun fito ne daga ƙabilu daban-daban: Rashawa, Chechens, Yahudawa, Ukrainians da Tatars .  Yarinyar ta girma da sauri yayin da take zaune a ƙarƙashin harin bam. Ta koyi yadda ake rayuwa, ceton mahaifiyarta da yadda ake aiki. Amma ko da tana rayuwa a ƙarƙashin bam ɗin, tana karanta littattafai, tana soyayya, tana yin abokai da maƙiya. Polina ta bayyana a cikin littafin tarihinta abin da ke faruwa da maƙwabta, sojoji, abokai da maƙiya. A cikin gidanta, Attaura, Littafi Mai Tsarki da Alƙur'ani suna da matuƙar daraja. Amma ta bayyana a matsayin wacce ba ta cikin addinai da ƙabilu ba. 

## Manazarta
Aiza Gazivava

**Aiza Gazuyeva** (Maris 14, 1984 - Nuwamba 29, 2001) mace ce 'yar Chechnya, wacce aka san ta da tayar da wani abu mai fashewa wanda ya kashe Janar Gaidar Gadzhiyev, babban janar na rundunar sojojin Rasha, a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 2001. Duk da cewa tana da sha'awar kanta ba siyasa ba, tana ɗaya daga cikin hare-haren *shahidka* na farko da suka faru a Rasha, kuma Gazuyeva ta zama mutum mai ban mamaki a tsakanin al'ummar Chechen.

## Bayani
Ana kyautata zaton cewa Aiza Gazuyeva (wanda aka fassara zuwa **Gazueva** kuma aka fi sani da **Aizan**, **Elza**, **Luisa** ko **Luiza** ) an haife ta ne a shekara ta 1983, kuma tana tsakanin shekaru 18 ko 20 a lokacin mutuwarta.  An ruwaito cewa Gazuyeva ta rasa 'yan uwa 16 a Yaƙin Chechen na Biyu, ciki har da mijinta (wanda ta auri watanni biyu kacal da suka gabata), 'yan'uwa biyu, da kuma wani ɗan'uwa.  An harbe ɗan'uwanta mai nakasa, wanda ya rasa ƙafafu biyu sakamakon nakiya a Yaƙin Chechen na Farko, ba tare da wani dalili ba, sojojin Rasha sun harbe shi kusa da gidan danginsu. Kwamandan sojojin Rasha a yankin, Janar Gaidar Gadzhiyev, ba shi da farin jini a tsakanin mazauna yankin kuma ana zarginsa da aikata ta'asa ga fararen hula. Ana zargin Gadzhiyev ya kira Gazuyeva, inda ya kashe mijinta da aka kama da wuka sannan ya ja kansa cikin raunin ciki da ke yawo. A wani sigar kuma, janar din ya shaida wa Gazuyeva cewa ya kashe mijinta da hannunsa a lokacin da ake yi masa tambayoyi. 

## Hari
A ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 2001, Gazuyeva ta kusanci wata ƙungiyar sojojin Rasha ciki har da Janar Gadzhiyev a gaban ofishin kwamandan sojoji ( Rashanci : *komaindatura* ). An ruwaito cewa, kalmominta na ƙarshe su ne: "Shin kun gane ni?" ko "Har yanzu kuna tuna ni?" Gadzhiyev ya amsa: "Ba ni da lokacin yin magana da ku!"  Bayan amsar janar ɗin, Gazuyeva ta tayar da tarin gurneti da aka ɓoye a ƙarƙashin tufafinta.  Gazuyeva da masu tsaron Gadzhiyev biyu sun mutu nan take, wasu sojoji biyu kuma sun ji rauni. Gadzhiyev, wanda ke sanye da jaket mai ƙyalli, ya ji rauni sosai (an ruwaito cewa ya rasa idanunsa biyu da hannu ɗaya) kuma ya mutu sakamakon raunukan da ya samu kwanaki bayan haka a ranar 1 ga Disamba. 

## Bayan haka
An kai wani mummunan harin ramuwar gayya daga sojojin Rasha kan iyalan Gazuyeva da kuma al'ummar yankin. Sojoji sun tarwatsa gidan Gazuyeva da iyayenta, da kuma gidajen wasu iyalai akalla hudu, yayin da aka tsare wasu maza da dama daga iyalan Gazuyev aka kuma yi musu duka. Jim kadan bayan harin, an tsare mutane 72 a birnin Urus-Martan kuma an ruwaito cewa wasu daga cikinsu sun bace . Wata rana bayan mutuwar Gadzhiyev, an tsare mutane da dama a kauyen Alkhan-Yurt da ke gundumar Urus-Martanovsky, kuma daga baya aka gano wasu daga cikinsu da aka kashe. A ranar 13 ga Disamba, an gano gawarwakin wasu maza da aka kashe da abubuwan fashewa a Chechnya kuma daga baya aka gano su a matsayin mazauna kauyuka uku a yankin Urus-Martan wadanda suka bace a farkon watan Disamba, ciki har da hudu daga cikin wadanda aka tsare a Alkhan-Yurt : Lom-Ali Yunusov, Musa Yunusov, Shamil Dzhemaldayev, da Aslan Taramov. [1]

## Manazarta
Maria Manuela Lucas

**Maria Manuela dos Santos Lucas** (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba, 1961)  jami'ar diflomasiyya ce kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar Mozambique wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin **Ministar Harkokin Waje da Haɗin gwiwa** ta Mozambique tun daga watan Janairun 2025.  Ta riƙe manyan muƙamai da dama a ma'aikatar diflomasiyya ta Mozambique, ciki har da Jakadiyar Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italiya, Spain, da kuma Babbar Kwamishiniya a Afirka ta Kudu. Lucas ta kasance jami'ar diflomasiyya tun daga shekarar 1981. 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Lucas a Matola, Mozambique.  Ta kammala karatunta na firamare da sakandare a Matola sannan daga baya ta halarci Escola Comercial a Maputo.  Ta sami digiri a fannin Hulɗa da Ƙasashen Duniya daga Instituto de Relações Internacionais a shekarar 1985 kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Hulɗa da Ƙasashen Duniya daga Jami'ar Birmingham a shekarar 1993. Ta kuma sami difloma a fannin Gudanar da Jama'a a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1996. 

## Aikin diflomasiyya
Lucas ta fara aikin diflomasiyya a shekarar 1981 a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje. Matsayinta na farko ya haɗa da yin aiki a ofishin jakadancin Mozambique da ke Addis Ababa sannan daga baya ta zama jakadiya a Cape Town. Daga shekarun 1997 zuwa 1999 ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a Ofishin Jakadancin Mozambique da ke Brasilia. 

Daga shekarun 1999 zuwa 2003, Lucas ta kasance Daraktar Darakta na Hukumar Kula da Ƙungiyoyi da Taro ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa. A shekarar 2003, an naɗa ta Jakadiya a Belgium, Netherlands da Luxembourg, inda ta kuma zama wakiliyar Mozambique a Tarayyar Turai. Ta ci gaba da wannan muƙamin har zuwa 2011. 

Daga baya Lucas ta yi aiki a matsayin Jakadiya a Italiya sannan daga baya ta zama Mataimakiyar Ministan Harkokin Waje da Haɗin gwiwa. A shekarar 2021, an naɗa ta Jakadiya a Spain,  kuma a shekarar 2023 ta zama Babbar Kwamishiniya a Afirka ta Kudu. 

## Ministan Harkokin Waje
Lucas ta taɓa yin aiki a matsayin **Mataimakiyar Ministan Harkokin Waje da Haɗin gwiwa** daga 2017 zuwa 2020 a lokacin wa'adin farko na Shugaba Filipe Nyusi a ofis.  A **ranar 17 ga watan Janairu 2025**, an naɗa ta **Ministar Harkokin Waje da Haɗin gwiwa**,  ta zama jakadiyar farko da ta riƙe wannan matsayi a Mozambique. Naɗinta ya faru ne a farkon gwamnatin Shugaba Daniel Chapo. 

## Girmamawa
Lucas ta sami takardar shaidar girmamawa daga Shugabar Mozambique saboda rawar da ta taka wajen tallafawa shirya taron kolin Tarayyar Afirka na 2003 a Maputo.  An kuma naɗa ta a matsayin **memba na girmamawa na [[Diplomatic Academy of the Kingdom of Spain|Kwalejin Diflomasiyya ta Masarautar Spain]]**. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Lucas tana jin yaren Portugal, Guitonga, Xirhonga, Turanci da Faransanci. Tana da ɗa ɗaya. 

## Manazarta
Esperança Machavela

**Esperança Machavela** masaniya a fannin shari'a ce kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar ƙasar Mozambique.

Shugaba Armando Guebuza ya naɗa Machavela a matsayin Ministar Shari'a a ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairu, 2005, lokacin da Guebuza ya naɗa sabuwar gwamnatinsa jim kaɗan bayan ya hau mulki.  Kafin naɗinta, ta yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin jakadiya a Portugal. An cire ta daga muƙamin (tare da ministar harkokin waje Alcinda Abreu da ministan sufuri Antonio Munguambe) a ranar 10 ga watan Maris, 2008, kuma Maria Benvinda Levy, tsohuwar alkaliya a Kotun Birnin Maputo ta gaje ta.  

## Manazarta
Yelena Maglevannaya

**Yelena Maglevannaya** ( Russian   An haife ta a ranar 15 ga Disamba 1981) 'yar jarida ce mai zaman kanta ta Rasha a jaridar Svobodnoye Slovo, *<nowiki/>'Yancin Magana*, a Volgograd . Ta nemi mafakar siyasa a Finland a watan Mayu 2009.   Maglevannaya ta mayar da hankali kan shari'o'in zalunci da ake yi wa 'yan Chechen .  

Maglevannaya ya buga labarin wani Chechen Zubayr Zubayraev ( Russian ), an tsare shi a Volgograd tun 2007, a Civitas.ru, Svobodnoye Slovo sannan daga baya a shafin yanar gizo na Kwamitin Musulunci na Rasha . Labarin ya soki yanayin da ake ciki da kuma rashin adalcin da ake yi wa gidajen yari. A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 2009, gwamnatin Volgograd ta shigar da kara a kan Maglevannaya don "kare mutunci da mutuncin kasuwanci", tana zarginta da yada labaran karya kan azabtar da Mista Zubayraev. Kotun Volgograd ta yanke hukuncin cewa Maglevannaya ta yaɗa labaran karya, kuma ta ba da umarnin biyan rubles 200,000 (kimanin Yuro 4,600) a matsayin diyya ga lalacewar ɗabi'a ga gwamnatin gidan yarin Volgograd LIU-15. [1] [2] [3]

Haka kuma, Maglevannaya ta sami barazanar kisa a shafin yanar gizo na wata ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ta Rasha .  Maglevannaya ta yi iƙirarin cewa an yi mata barazanar kai ta asibiti idan ta ci gaba da rubutu. 

A ƙasar Finland, Maglevannaya ta sami goyon baya daga membobin " Taron Al'umma na Finnish-Russia " (Finrosforum).  A watan Mayu na 2009, Maglevannaya ta shiga wani taron tattaunawa kan haƙƙin ɗan adam da Finrosforum ya shirya a Helsinki kuma ta nemi mafakar siyasa bayan 'yan kwanaki.   A shekarar 2010, an ba ta mafakar siyasa a Finland. 

## Duba kuma

* Yelena Tregubova
* Fatima Tlisova

## Manazarta
Eldevina Materula

**Eldevina "Kika" Materula** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1982) 'yar ƙasar Mozambique ce mai rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Al'adu da Yawon Buɗe Ido a Majalisar Dokokin Mozambique tun daga ranar 19 ga watan Janairu, 2020.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Materula a Maputo a shekarar 1982. Tana da shekaru bakwai ta fara karatun piano da rekoda a Makarantar Kiɗa ta Ƙasa. A shekarar 1995, tana da shekaru 13, ta fara karatun oboe, a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniya da Escola Profissional de Música de Évora, a Portugal, wanda ya zaɓe ta, tare da wasu ɗalibai biyar, don yin karatu a wannan makarantar.

A shekarar 2016, shugaban ƙasar Portugal ya naɗa ta a matsayin Jami'ar Umarnin Yarima Henry (Order of Prince Henry). 

## Manazarta
Massing Arsénia

**Arsénia Felicidade Félix Massingue** 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Mozambique wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Cikin Gida daga watan Nuwamba 2021 har zuwa watan Agusta 2023. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Cikin Gida a tarihin Mozambique.

## Tarihi
Massingue ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamandar 'yan sandan lardin a lardunan Inhambane, Manica da Nampula. Kafin naɗinta a matsayin ministar majalisar ministoci, Massingue ta yi aiki a matsayin Daraktar Hukumar Shige da Fice ta Ƙasa (SENAMI). 

A ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba, 2021, shugaba Filipe Nyusi ya naɗa Massingue a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Cikin Gida, inda ya maye gurbin Amade Miquidade, wanda Nyusi ya kore shi ba tare da wani bayani ba.    Ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Cikin Gida a tarihin Mozambique.  

A ranar 28 ga watan Agusta 2023, Nyusi ta kore ta daga muƙamin Ministar Harkokin Cikin Gida sannan ta maye gurbinta da Pascoal Pedro João Ronda. 

## Manazarta
Camilla Mary Carr

**Camilla Mary Carr** (31 Janairu 1958 - 22 Agusta 2024) ma'aikaciyar agaji ce ta Burtaniya.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
Carr tsohuwar masaniyar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ce.  Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Shrewsbury da Kwalejin Homerton .

A shekarar 1997, Carr ta yi tafiya zuwa Chechnya tare da abokin aikinta Jon James don kafa cibiyar gyara lafiyar yara da suka ji rauni a yakin Chechen na farko . [1] An sace ta da James kuma an yi garkuwa da su na tsawon watanni 14 daga hannun 'yan tawayen Chechnya. [2] A can suka sha azaba da cin zarafin mata. [3] BBC News ta ruwaito cewa ita ce "mace mafi dadewa da aka yi garkuwa da ita a duniya". [4] Ma'auratan sun bayyana a cikin bidiyon garkuwa da mutane. [5] Iyalansu sun nemi taimakon Tony Blair don tabbatar da 'yancinsu. [6] A ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1998, an 'yantar da Carr da James aka mayar da su Birtaniya. [7]

Carr ta shiga cikin Shirin Yafewa wanda ke haɓaka warware rikici.  A matsayinta na Kirista mai aiki, ta koyi yafe wa waɗanda suka kai mata hari. 

Carr ta fito ne daga Bath, Somerset kuma tana da ɗa ɗaya.  Tana zaune a Bethesda, Gwynedd . 

## Manazarta
Nyeleti Brooke Mondlane

**Nyeleti Brooke Mondlane** (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Janairu, 1962  ) 'yar siyasa ce a ƙasar Mozambique. Ita 'yar shugaban FRELIMO Eduardo Mondlane ce kuma 'yar fafutuka kuma 'yar siyasa Janet Mondlane 'yar Amurka. 

Mondlane ta kasance memba a Majalisar Dokokin Jamhuriyar daga shekarun 1994 zuwa 2014, kuma mataimakiyar ministar harkokin waje. Ta zama Ministar Jinsi, Yara da Jin Daɗin Jama'a a shekarar 2020. 

## Manazarta