open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Zena Tooze

**Zena Tooze** (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga watan Mayu 1955) masaniyar kimiyyar halittu ne kuma mai kiyayewa na Kasar Kanada wanda ta yi aiki a Najeriya a yankin kiyayewa tun a shekarar 1991. Ta sami digirinta na biyu a fannin ilmin halitta daga Jami'ar Dalhousie, Halifax, Nova Scotia a shekarar 1987. A shekarar  2005 ta sami lambar yabo ta Whitley don kyakkyawan jagoranci a fannin kiyaye yanayi.

## Ayyuka
A cikin shekarar 1994 Tooze ta kafa Cibiyar Ilimi, Bincike da Kula da Primates da Yanayi me Suna (CERCOPAN) wanda kungiyar bana riba ba ne, Ƙungiyar da ba ta gwamnati ba da ke zaune a Jihar Cross River, Najeriya. CERCOPAN yayi aikin farfadowa ne da kiyayewa ga birai da ke fuskantar barazana da haɗari. Yawancin ayyukanta sun haɗa da farfado da ƙananan birai marayu ta hanyar cinikin nama. Manufar CERCOPAN ita ce kiyaye primates na Najeriya ta hanyar kiyaye gandun daji mai ɗorewa, da haɗin gwiwar al'umma, ilimi, farfado da primate da kuma bincike.

Al'ummar da ke karbar bakuncin a kungiyar CERCOPAN ita ce wacce ke da hannu a cikin kariya ta hadin gwiwa na tsawon 20 km² na gandun daji da ke kusa da Jihar Cross River National Park. Akalla nau'ikan birai guda shida suna da hannu a cikin shirin farfadowa da kiyayewa, gami da Guenon na Sclater, guenon Preuss da guenenon ja-eared. Bayan aiki a matsayin Darakta na CERCOPAN tun shekarar 1995, Tooze ta mika wuya ga sabon Darakta a watan Janairun shekarar 2009, daga wannan lokacin ta ɗauki taken hukuma na 'Founder and Trustee', tana jagorantar kwamitin amintattu na kungiyar agaji ta Burtaniya wacce ta kafa don tallafawa aikin kiyayewa a Najeriya (aikin agaji na 1116955).&nbsp;

## Manazarta
Bayar da guzuri

Monroe Ingberman ne ya haɓaka shi,  ɗan guntun tayin yarjejeniya ce da aka yi amfani da ita a gadar kwangilar wasan katin. Wani sabon tsalle ne wanda ba a saba gani ba, yawanci tsalle biyu, ta ko dai mai buɗewa ko mai amsawa wanda ke nuna dacewa da kwat da wando da ƙarancin abokin tarayya, ko dai guda ɗaya ko maras kyau, a cikin kwat da wando na huɗu.

Ko da yake kamanceceniya da rarrabuwar kawuna, ɓangarorin ɓangarorin sun bambanta domin suna buƙatar sunan rigar da aka riƙe maimakon gajeriyar kwat ɗin kanta. Ana buƙatar yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa akan cikakkun bayanai na ko dai ɓangarorin ɓangarorin ko ɓarke ​​​​da ci gaban su.

## Misalai
Ƙimar juzu'i ta mai buɗewa

Arewa Kudu

1♠ 2♦

4 ♥

4♥ sake sakewa ta hanyar buɗaɗɗen yanki ne; tsalle ne sau biyu yana nuna katunan biyu ko uku a cikin kwat da wando (zukata), guda ɗaya ko fanko a kulake da goyan bayan kwat ɗin lu'u-lu'u na abokin tarayya.

ɓangaro da mai amsawa

Arewa Kudu

1♣ 1♥

1♠ 4♣

4♣ tayin wani yanki ne mai nuna goyon baya ga spades da gajere a cikin kwat da wando, lu'u-lu'u.

Arewa Kudu

1♣ 1♥

1♠ 4♦

Lokacin da aka gabatar da kwat da wando guda uku bisa ga dabi'a, tsalle biyu a cikin kwat da wando na hudu shine juzu'i. Kudirin 4♦ yana nuna goyon baya ga abokin tarayya na ƙarshe (spades) da guda ɗaya a cikin rigar sa ta farko (clubs).

Arewa Kudu

1♣ 1♥

1♠ 4♦

4♠ 5♣

Idan mai siyarwar ya sake dawo da kwat ɗin da ya yi alkawarin gajere a ciki, ya nuna babu komai; a wannan yanayin a clubs.

## Manazarta
1962 Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Jihar Beavers

Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Jihar Beavers ta 1962 ta wakilci Jami'ar Jihar Oregon a matsayin mai zaman kanta a lokacin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Jami'ar NCAA na 1962. A kakar wasa ta takwas a karkashin kocin Tommy Prothro, Beavers sun tattara rikodin 9 – 2 kuma sun zarce abokan hamayyar su 279 zuwa 148.[1]. Sun buga wasannin gida uku a harabar filin wasa na Parker a Corvallis da uku a filin wasa na Multnomah a Portland.

Quarterback Terry Baker ya lashe lambar yabo ta Heisman, lambar yabo ta Maxwell, kuma shine Gwarzon Wasannin Wasanni na Shekara.[2] Kyaftin din tawagar ya kasance mai gadi George Gnoss kuma Beavers ta lashe gasar Liberty Bowl a kan Villanova a Philadelphia.

Taron Tekun Pacific (PCC) ya wargaje a cikin bazara na 1959; wannan shine karo na hudu cikin shekaru biyar da jihar Oregon da Oregon suka fafata a matsayin masu cin gashin kansu.

## Takaita wasanni
Kafin kakar wasa

Taron Tekun Pasifik ya narke a cikin bazara na 1959. A waccan shekarar California, Southern California, Stanford, UCLA, da Washington sun kafa ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta Jami'o'in Yammacin Turai (AAWU), ko Big Five. 1962 Jihar Washington ta shiga AAWU a 1962, wanda aka fi sani da Big Six. Jihar Oregon ta kasance mai zaman kanta na shekara ta huɗu a jere a cikin 1962.

Beavers' kwata-kwata shi ne Terry Baker, wanda aka ɗauke shi aiki sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, ƙwallon kwando, da ƙwallon ƙwallon baseball, amma ya zo jihar Oregon akan tallafin ƙwallon kwando. Ya ci gaba zuwa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a cikin 1960 bayan babban koci Tommy Prothro ya gayyace shi ya sauke wasan ƙwallon kwando da halartar atisayen bazara. Baker shi ne madadin baya a cikin 1960 amma har yanzu ya tara yadudduka 302 a cikin asarar 30-29 zuwa Washington da jimlar 1,473 a cikin 1960, duka bayanan Beaver. Don haɓaka ƙwarewarsa, Prothro ya sanya Baker ya zama kwata-kwata kuma ya soke reshe ɗaya a cikin 1961 don goyon bayan tsarin T. Saboda raunin da ya samu a madadin Rich Brooks a 1961, an umurce Baker da kada ya gudu har zuwa minti goma na ƙarshe na kowane wasa. A sakamakon haka, Baker ya sami ƙananan yadudduka a cikin 1961 fiye da 1960 amma har yanzu ya kasance na goma sha ɗaya a cikin ƙasa a cikin yadudduka.

Saboda raunin da ya faru, layin kawai ya kai kilogiram 205 (kilogram 93), sama da fam 35 (kilogram 16) kasa da wasu layin da suka yi karo da juna. An yi wa layin lakabin "Brigade Haske" bayan waƙar "Charge of Light Brigade" wanda Alfred, Lord Tennyson ya tsara.

Prothro ba ya son samun baya ko masu karɓa su zama kyaftin, domin yana jin cewa sun sami isashen daukaka. Guard George Gnoss shine kyaftin din tawagar a 1962.

Canjin doka a shekara ta 1962 ya ba ƙungiyoyi damar yin ƙasa a fagen ƙwallon ƙafa bayan an buga wasan cikin 10 na abokan hamayya. A baya, yin hakan ya haifar da koma baya.
Shekarar FC ta Arewacin Carolina ta 2025

Shekarar Arewacin Carolina FC ta 2025 ita ce kakar wasa ta 19 ta kasancewar kulob din, kuma kakar wasa ta biyar a gasar zakarun lahiyar USL, kashi na biyu a cikin dala ta kwallon kafa ta Amurka, bayan shekaru uku a cikin USL League One, kashi na uku na dala ta kwallon ƙafa ta Amurka. John Bradford ne ya horar da Arewacin Carolina, kakar wasa ta bakwai tare da kulob din, kuma ya buga wasanninsu na gida a filin wasa na Sahlen a WakeMed Soccer Park .

## Lissafi
 

## Gasar

### Gasar USL
 

#### Sakamakon wasan
On December 19, 2024, the USL Championship released the regular season schedule for all 24 teams.

##### Satumba

## Manazarta
Abet, Najeriya

**Abet** wani ƙauye ne a Yankin Karamar Hukumar Zangon Kataf, kudanci Jihar Kaduna a yankin Middle Belt na Najeriya, wanda ke kwance a tsakiyar Najeriya.

Lambar gidan waya ta ƙauyen ita ce 802128.  Yankin yana da tsawo kusan ƙafa 2,509 ko mita 764 kuma yawan jama'a kusan 8,046. Filin jirgin saman da ya fi kusa da al'umma shine Filin jirgin sama na Yakubu Gowon, Jos, wanda ke da 41 nm E.

## Hamlets
Abet wani ƙauye ne wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan yankuna da yawa, gami da Abet, Achin, Angwan Jatau, Kumi Rural, da Marabang . 

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin ƙauyuka a Jihar Kaduna

## Manazarta
Ancuna

**Anchuna** wanda kuma ake kira Ancuna, Anchina ko Anchona,  wani gari ne mai yawan jama'a a yankin Zangon Kataf a kudanci Jihar Kaduna a Najeriya . Mutanen Bakulu da ke magana da yaren Ikulu su ne mazaunan wannan garin. Ba za a iya gano su ba tare da aikin noma ba, ruhaniya ta gargajiya, aikin ƙarfe, farautar dabbobi, da salon gashi na mata. Har ila yau, ana maraba da baƙi koyaushe don ganin gani.  Shi ne wurin haihuwar Late Agwom Yohanna Sidi Kuka, tsohon shugaban Majalisar Al'adun Jama'a a Anchuna  wanda kuma ya zama wurin haihuwar sanannen Matthew Hassan Kukah, Bishop na yanzu na Roman Catholic Diocese na Sokoto . [3]  Ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren tarihi a Anchuna shine makarantar firamare ta LGEA daidai a Unguwar Rimi . 

## Gidaje
Wadannan sune jerin ƙauyuka a cikin garin Anchuna: Akoka, Akurjini, Amawa Lisuru, Ampaga, Boto, Burgu, Dankurasa, Digabi, Dinarah, Dutsen Bako, Fadan Ikulu, Gida Ali, Jirayi, Kachia, Kwarkwano, Lisuri Gida, Lis Daji, Makama, Nauta, Sabon Kaura, Ungwan, Ungwan Kaura Fulu, Ungwanwan, Ung, Sulu, Sarki, Toro Ali, Toro, Toro, Ungwan Godo, Fulwan Gakili, Ungwan

## Shahararrun mutane

* marigayi Yohanna Sidi Kuka, tsohon Agwom na Ikulu Traditional Council

* Matthew Hassan Kukah, Bishop na yanzu na Roman Catholic Diocese na SokotoDiocese na Roman Katolika na Sokoto

## Manazarta
Atuku

**Atuku** ƙauye ne kuma yanki ne na biyu a cikin karamar hukuma ta Jema'a, kudanci Jihar Kaduna, Middle Belt, Najeriya . Tana da nisan kilomita 159.08 daga babban birnin jihar, Kaduna .  Lambar gidan waya ta yankin ita ce 801.&nbsp;

## Ƙauyuka
Yankin Atuku yana da ƙauyuka masu zuwa: 

* Akau
* Assob Barshi
* Atuku
* Bijik
* Dogon Fili
* Kato
* Mafan (Tuku Tuzi) 
* Tajan Kasa
* Tafan
* Tuku Kasa

## Hare-haren ta'addanci na Fulani
Yankin Atuku da yankunan da ke kusa da Kudancin Kaduna tun daga 2016 an mamaye su akai-akai a cikin hare-haren ta'addanci na Fulani. Hare-haren wani bangare ne na Kisan kare dangi na Kudancin Kaduna .  

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin ƙauyuka a Jihar Kaduna

## Shahararrun mutane

* Samuel Atukum, gwamnan soja na Jihar Plateau (1984-1985) 

## Manazarta
Barnawa

**Barnawa** wani yanki ne na Kaduna ta Kudu  wanda ke cikin babban birnin Kaduna.  na kudanci Jihar Kaduna a yankin Arewa maso Yammacin Najeriya. Lambar gidan waya ta yankin ita ce 800.

## Yankunan

Barnawa ya haɗa da ɗakunan zama da yawa:

- Chalawa - Yankin amfani da aka haɗu tare da bitar injiniya da ƙananan kasuwanni.

- Shagari Low-cost - Ginin gidaje da gwamnati ta haɓaka mai suna bayan Shugaba Shehu Shagari . 

## Ilimi
Barnawa tana da manyan makarantu da yawa, daga makarantun sakandare na gwamnati zuwa makarantun sakandaren kasa da kasa masu zaman kansu:

- Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Barnawa - Makarantar jama'a da aka sani da shiga cikin shirye-shiryen karatu da rubutu na dijital. 

- Babban Makarantun Panaf - Makarantar masu zaman kansu da ke ba da yara ga ilimin sakandare.

- Makarantun Kasa da Kasa na Kadwell - An san su da babban aiki a jarrabawar kasa.

- Danbo International School - Cibiyar da aka kafa ta dogon lokaci tare da shirye-shiryen extracurricular masu ƙarfi.

## Tattalin Arziki

Barnawa sananne ne ga tallace-tallace da yawa da suka hada da manyan kantuna, kulob din dare, samar da aikin gona na sufuri wanda ke ba da damar aiki ga yawan jama'a a jihar.

## Yanayin ƙasa
Barnawa tana da tsawo kusan mita 437 (1,437 feet) sama da matakin teku. Yana da iyakoki tare da gundumomin Narayi, Talabijin, da Sabon Tasha. Ana iya samun yankin ta Hanyar Aliyu Makama Road, wanda ke haɗa shi da manyan sassan birnin Kaduna.

## Rayuwa ta dare
Barnawa sananne ne ga Rayuwar dare mai rai, yana ba da zaɓuɓɓukan nishaɗi da yawa daga mashaya na gida zuwa ɗakuna ajiya. Yankin yana jan hankalin mazauna da baƙi da ke neman shakatawa bayan lokutan aiki. Shahararrun wurare sun haɗa da cibiyoyin kallo, wuraren kiɗa, da wuraren shakatawa na dare da ke ba da abinci ga dandano daban-daban.

## Manazarta
Bishini

**Bishini** wani ƙauye ne a cikin gundumar Bishini na Karamar Hukumar Kachia, kudanci Jihar Kaduna a yankin Middle Belt na Najeriya . Yana da yankuna biyu, New Bishini da Old Bishini .  Lambar gidan waya ta ƙauyen ita ce 802102.

'Yan bindiga suna kai hari kan mutane a kauyen Bishini.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin ƙauyuka a Jihar Kaduna

## Manazarta
Doka, Najeriya

**Doka**, ƙauye ne a yankin karamar hukumar Kachia, kudanci Jihar Kaduna a yankin Middle Belt na Najeriya .  Lambar gidan waya ta ƙauyen ita ce 802118.

## Yawan jama'a
Ya zuwa 2015 an kiyasta yawan mutanen Doka a 616. 

## Tattalin Arziki
Mutanen Doka suna samar da amfanin gona kamar millet, masara, masara na guinea, da wake, kuma mafarauta ne da masunta.

## Manazarta
Iburu, Najeriya

**Iburu** ƙauye ne a cikin gundumar Kufana na yankin Kajuru, kudanci Jihar Kaduna a yankin Middle Belt na Najeriya . Iburu da Kajuru LGA da suka fi girma sun fuskanci kalubale na tsaro, gami da hare-hare da sace-sacen 'yan fashi. Lambar gidan waya ta ƙauyen ita ce 800106. Yankin yana da tsawo na kimanin ƙafa 2322 ko mita 707. Filin jirgin saman da ya fi kusa da al'umma shine Filin jirgin sama na Yakubu Gowon, Jos.

## Hamlets
Iburu wani ƙauye ne na yankin Kajuru wanda ya ƙunshi wasu yankuna masu yawa kamar; 

# Afogo
# Buddha
# Abin sha'awa
# Kajuru
# Kallah
# Kasuwan Magani
# Kufana
# Maro
# Rimau
# Tantattu

## Dubi kuma

* Shugabancin Atyap
* Jerin ƙauyuka a Jihar Kaduna

## Manazarta
Ahmed Musa Neighborhood Center

**Cibiyar Makwabta ta Ahmed Musa** kungiya ce ta kiwon lafiya ta Najeriya da ke Kaduna, tare da Ibrahim Yakowa Way, Jihar Kaduna . An kafa cibiyar ne a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2021  kuma a halin yanzu tana da mambobi sama da 150 da wasu ma'aikata. 

Wasanni ne da kuma wurin shakatawa wanda dan wasan kwallon kafa Ahmed Musa ya kafa. Ya haɗa da ƙaramin filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, wurin motsa jiki da wurin motsa jiki, kwando, wurin yin iyo, snooker, wasan tennis na tebur, gidan cin abinci, tsaro mai kyau, sararin taron da kuma plaza tare da kasuwanci daban-daban.

Cibiyar tana da aminci saboda duk abin da ke faruwa a can ba tare da idanu masu sa ido na ƙwararrun ma'aikatan da aka horar don hana yanayin da ba a tsammani ba.

## Manazarta
Iddah, Jihar Kaduna

**Iddah**, ko **Ida** wani yanki ne  kuma ƙauye ne na Karamar Hukumar Kagarko a kudanci Jihar Kaduna a yankin Middle Belt na Najeriya.  Lambar gidan waya ta yankin ita ce 802.

## Ilimi

* Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati (GSSS), Iddah 

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin ƙauyuka a Jihar Kaduna

## Manazarta
Jagindi

**Jagindi**  wata al'umma ce a yankin Jama'a, kudanci Jihar Kaduna a yankin Middle Belt na Najeriya . Jagindi wuri ne kusa da garin Baloje, zuwa yankin Kwagiri ma. Wurin da ke da yawan jama'a - birni, gari, ƙauye, ko kuma sun taru a cikin rukunin gine-gine inda mutane ke zaune da aiki  Lambar gidan waya ta ƙauyen ita ce 801150 .  

## Manazarta
Kamazo

**Kamazo** (Kamazau)  wani yanki ne da ke cikin Karamar Hukumar Chikun ta Jihar Kaduna, musamman a cikin yankin Kudancin Jihar Kadun a Tsakiyar Belt . Kamazo yana da lambar gidan waya ta 800104 wanda ya dace da gundumar Rido a Chikun LGA .  An sanye shi da Cibiyar kiwon lafiya ta al'umma ta Kamazo  kuma yana alfahari da Cibiyar Makwabta ta Ahmed Musa. 

## Tattalin Arziki

### Noma
Tattalin arzikin Kamazo ya dogara ne da Aikin noma, kamar sauran al'ummomi a yankin karamar hukumar Chikun. Yankin mai kyau yana tallafawa noman amfanin gona kamar masara, millet, da kayan lambu, wanda ke samar da abinci da kudin shiga ga mazauna.

### Masana'anta
Baya ga noma, Kamazo kuma tana tallafawa ƙananan masana'antu da yawa. Wadannan sun hada da:

# Ginin tukwane: Masu sana'a na gida suna samar da kayan yumbu masu aiki da kayan ado.
# Yin katako: Ana yin katako na gargajiya don amfani da gida da kasuwanci.
# Ayyukan katako: Masu sana'a suna ƙirƙirar kayan ɗaki da sauran samfuran katako.
# Yin sutura: Mazauna suna shiga cikin samar da sutura ta amfani da dabarun gargajiya

Wadannan ayyukan suna ba da gudummawa ga samun kudin shiga na gida kuma suna taimakawa ci gaba da cinikin gida. Bugu da kari, Kamazo yana da bangaren kasuwanci mai tasowa, tare da ƙananan kasuwanni da ke sauƙaƙa musayar kayayyaki da aiyuka. Wadannan kasuwanni ba wai kawai suna hidimtawa jama'ar yankin ba har ma suna jan hankalin 'yan kasuwa da abokan ciniki daga yankunan da ke kewaye, suna kara bunkasa ƙarfin tattalin arziki.

### Kasuwanci
Kamazo da al'ummomin da ke kewaye da shi suna aiki da kasuwannin gida da yawa waɗanda ke tallafawa cinikayya ta yau da kullun da kuma samar da damar samun kayan aiki da ayyuka masu mahimmanci. Wadannan kasuwanni suna kula da mazauna da baƙi daidai, suna ba da kayan abinci, kayayyakin gida, da kuma sana'o'in da aka yi a cikin gida.

* **Kasuwar Kamazo** - Kasuwar al'umma da ke ba da abinci, tufafi, kayan gida, da kayayyakin sana'a. Yana aiki a matsayin babban wurin kasuwanci ga mazauna a cikin unguwar Rido . 

* Kasuwan Magani Market - Yana cikin Kajuru LGA, wannan kasuwar an san ta da kantin sayar da kayan masarufi da sabbin kayayyaki. Yana aiki yau da kullun kuma yana hidimtawa al'ummomin da ke kusa da su ciki har da sassan Chikun . 

## Manazarta
Karji da Kaduna

**Karji** (Karji Junction)  wani yanki ne a cikin Karamar Hukumar Chikun a Kudancin Kaduna wani ɓangare na Jihar Kaduna, Tsakiyar Belt, Najeriya . Lambar gidan waya 800104 kuma ta fada ƙarƙashin gundumar Rido na Karamar Hukumar.

## Tattalin Arziki

### Masana'antu
Karji tana tallafawa ƙananan masana'antu a cikin samar da kayan aiki da mutane ke kusa da su suke buƙata kamar;

# Masu sana'a na gida suna samar da sana'o'in gargajiya kamar su masana'antu, tukwane da aikin katako.
# Abinci da abin sha don kayan abinci na gida ciki har da suya da puff-puff a yankin.

### Kasuwanci da Siyayya

* **Karji Junction**

Wanda ke nuna shaguna da ƙananan kasuwanni tare da kayayyaki da ayyuka daban-daban, yana jan hankalin mutane daga yankuna da wurare daban-daban. Sauran kasuwannin da suka rufe kusa da Kasuwar Kàrji sune Kasuwar Sabon Tasha, Kasuwar Kamazo da Kasuwar Narayi.

Kasuwar kuma tana ba da samfuran da ayyuka da yawa, gami da abinci, kayan gida, sana'o'i na gargajiya, wanke mota, da sabis na tsaftacewa.

* **Kasuwanci**

Kasuwanci daban-daban suna aiki a yankin, suna biyan bukatun mazauna da matafiya.

## Yawan jama'a

* **Yawan jama'a**

Yankin ya shahara a tsakanin dalibai da ma'aikata saboda araha da samun dama.

## Manazarta
Lazuru

**Lazuru** wani ƙauye ne a yankin karamar hukuma ta Lere, kudanci Jihar Kaduna a yankin Middle Belt na Najeriya .  Lambar gidan waya ta ƙauyen ita ce 811104.

## Tarihi
An ce Lazuru shine wurin da mutanen Agbiri suka zauna a baya, waɗanda aka kuma ce sun koma yamma zuwa inda suke zaune a yanzu, a kusa da filayen Gure Hills. Ba a san lokacin da wannan motsi ya faru ba.

* Jerin ƙauyuka a Jihar Kaduna

## Manazarta
Mawukili

**Mawukili (**.: Ungwan Wakili),   babban ƙauye ne a cikin Gundumar Zonzon, Yankin Karamar Hukumar Zangon Kataf, kudanci Jihar Kaduna a yankin Middle Belt na Najeriya . Mawukili ita ce cibiyar Atyap Community Development Association (ACDA) a cikin al'ummar Atyap. Lambar gidan waya ta ƙauyen ita ce 802130.  

## Manazarta
Nandu, Najeriya

**Nandu** ( Hausa   ) ƙauye ne a Sanga, ƙaramar hukumar  a kudancin jihar Kaduna a yankin Middle Belt a Najeriya . 

Lambar gidan waya ta ƙauyen ita ce 801121.

Yankin yana da tsawo na kimanin ƙafa 1,889 (575m). 

## Hamlets
Nandu ƙauye ne a cikin Sanga, ƙaramar hukumar wanda ke da sauran yankuna kusa da su ; **Gwantu, Fadan Karshi.** 

## Manazarta
Gidan Rido

**Rido** (Maraban Rido) wani yanki ne da ke kewayen karamar hukuma a yankin Chikun, a cikin Birnin Kaduna a yankin Middle Belt na Najeriya .  Lambar gidan waya ta yankin ita ce 800104.

An sanya Rido a matsayin Ward 9, wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin unguwanni 12 a cikin Karamar Hukumar Chikun . 

## Yanayin ƙasa
Gidan ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin jefa kuri'a da yawa,  wanda ke nuna yankunan ciki. Wasu daga cikin wadannan sun hada da:

# Ungwan Maigero
# Kudansa
# Mahuta
# Maraban Rido
# Kamazau

Rido yanki ne mai aiki a lokacin zabe, kuma rahotanni na baya-bayan nan daga watan Agusta 2025 sun ambaci sakamakon farko daga zaben mazabar tarayya a cikin unguwar.

## Tsaro
Kamar yadda yake A watan Yulin 2021, an sace dalibai sama da 100 daga makarantar sakandare a Chikun LGA, wanda Rido yana daga cikinsu. A nan ya zo kwanan nan a watan Oktoba 2025, Rido Ward, ya ci gaba da fuskantar ƙalubalen tsaro, da farko daga fashi, satar mutane , da kuma aikata laifukan titi. Duk da yake gwamnatin jihar da hukumomin tsaro sun ba da rahoton wasu nasarori a kan masu aikata laifuka  , yaduwar rashin jin daɗi na masu jefa kuri'a a lokacin zaben watan Agusta 2025 ya nuna cewa mazauna da yawa suna jin tsoro saboda abubuwan da ke faruwa. 

## Manazarta
Shadalafiya

**Shadalafiya** (Nkui) wani gari ne a cikin Karamar Hukumar Kagarko ta kudanci Jihar Kaduna, Najeriya . Mutanen Shadalafiya suna magana da yaren Koro Wachi.

**Tattalin Arziki**

Shadalafiya na ɗaya daga cikin gundumar karamar hukumar Kagarko . Ayyukanta na farko sune noma (aikin gona) da kasuwanci.

## Yanayi
Jihar Kaduna tana da lokacin rigar da bushewa na wurare masu zafi

## Manazarta
Gundumar Takau

**Takau** wani yanki ne a cikin Fantswam (Kafanchan) Babban Birnin Karamar Hukumar Jema'a a kudanci Jihar Kaduna a yankin Middle Belt na Najeriya .  Yankin birni ne na garin Kafanchan . Lambar gidan waya ta yankin ita ce 801139.

## Magana
Kalmar *Takau* ta fito ne daga kalmomi biyu a cikin yaren Fantswam na yaren Tyap, , ma'ana "gefen hagu na itatuwan mahogany".

### Rukunin kabilanci

#### 'Yan asalin ƙasar

## Manazarta
Bakin Kogi Kazaree

**Magwafan** (Hausa: Bakin Kogi,) al'umma ce ta karkara a cikin Gundumar Kanai ta Zangon Kataf">Yankin Karamar Hukumar Zangon Kataf, kudanci Jihar Kaduna a yankin Middle Belt na Najeriya . Lambar gidan waya ta ƙauyen ita ce: 802147 Magwafan tana da lambar gidan waya guda biyu; (Magwafan, Unguwan Rohogo a Zangon Kataf, Kaduna: 802137 da Magwafan, Manyi Aghui a Zangon kataf, Kadun: 802132.

## Ci gaba
Akwai ci gaba da gina gada a cikin kogin Magwafan, shimfidawar gadar ta fara ne daga Magwafan (Bakin Kogi Kazare), Ataghui da sauran ƙauyukan da ke kusa da su kuma suna haɗa al'ummomi sama da 20 masu rauni da ke kan iyaka da yankunan karamar hukumar Kauru da Kachia bi da bi. Ginin gadar ya kasance a cikin misalin dan majalisa wanda ya ƙuduri aniyar kawo succor ga al'ummomin da ke fama da hare-hare akai-akai daga makiyaya Fulani da ake zargi.

## Dubi kuma

* List of villages in Kaduna State
* Kania, Nigeria

## Manazarta
Manyii-Aghyui

**Manyii-Aghyui** (Manyi-Aghayui, Tyap: Ma̱nyii-A̠ghyui, Hausa: Bakin Kogi) ƙauye ne a cikin Gundumar Zonzon ta Yankin Karamar Hukumar Zangon Kataf, kudanci Jihar Kaduna a yankin Middle Belt na Najeriya .  Lambar gidan waya ta ƙauyen ita ce 802140. yana da tsawo na kimanin ƙafa 2,509 ko mita 764. Filin jirgin saman da ya fi kusa da al'umma shine Filin jirgin sama na Yakubu Gowon, Jos, wanda ke 50nm E.

* Shugabancin Atyap
* Jerin ƙauyuka a Jihar Kaduna

## Manazarta
Kokhanava

**Kokhanava** (Belarus: Коханава; Rashanci: Коханово, romanized: Kokhanovo) ƙauye ne irin na birni a gundumar Talachyn, yankin Vitebsk, a gabashin Belarus. Ya zuwa 2024, tana da yawan jama'a 3,727.

## Tarihi
A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, daga watan Yuli zuwa Satumba 1941, 'yan mamaya na Jamus sun yi amfani da sansanin fursunonin yaki na Dulag 203 a wurin.

## Manazarta
Pereslavl-Zalessky

**Pereslavl-Zalessky** (Rashanci: Переславль-Залесский, IPA: [pʲɪrʲɪˈslavlʲ zɐˈlʲeskʲɪj]), wanda akafi sani da Pereyaslavl-Zalessky,   ko kuma kawai Pereyaslavl the town in Yablast, Russia. Hanyar Moscow-Yaroslavl da kuma kudu maso gabas na tafkin Pleshcheyevo a bakin kogin Trubezh. Yawan jama'a: 41,925 (Kidayar 2010); 43,379 (Kidayar 2002); 42,331 (kidayar Soviet ta 1989).

## Tarihi
An kafa shi a cikin 1152 ta George I na Vladimir a matsayin babban birnin Zalesye (lit. "bayan dazuzzuka"). An mayar da mazaunan garin Kleshchin da ke kusa zuwa sabon garin.

Tsakanin 1175 da 1302, Pereslavl shine wurin zama na sarauta; a cikin 1302, yariman Moscow ya gaji shi bayan mutuwar Dmitry na ɗan Pereslavl Ivan Mongols sun lalata Pereslavl-Zalessky sau da yawa a tsakanin tsakiyar karni na 13 zuwa farkon karni na 15. A cikin shekarar 1611-1612, ta sha wahala daga mamayewar Poland.[13]

A cikin 1688-1693, Peter Mai Girma ya gina sanannen "Flotilla" mai suna "Flotilla" a kan tafkin Pleshcheyevo don nishaɗin kansa, ciki har da abin da ake kira karamin jirgin ruwa na Bitrus (botik), wanda za a iya la'akari da shi a matsayin farkon jirgin ruwa na Rasha. Gidan kayan tarihi na sojojin ruwa na tsakiya, wanda ke ba da tarihin tarihin jiragen ruwa na Rasha, a halin yanzu yana dauke da wannan jirgin samfurin sikelin.

A cikin shekarar 1708, garin ya zama wani yanki na Gwamnatin Moscow.[14]

## Geography

## Manazarta
Zac Zawan

**ZacZawan** (Hausa: Sabon Gidan Zawan  a cikin Gundumar Karshi ta Karamar Hukumar Sanga, kudanci Jihar Kaduna a yankin Middle Belt na Najeriya .  Lambar gidan waya ta ƙauyen ita ce 801105. Yankin yana da tsawo kusan mita 588 (1,929 feet) sama da matakin teku kuma yawan jama'a kusan 536,068.

* Jerin ƙauyuka a Jihar Kaduna

## Manazarta
Zaman Dabo

**Atak Nfang** (Hausa: Zaman Dabo) wani yanki ne da ƙauye a yankin Zangon Kataf, kudanci Jihar Kaduna a yankin Middle Belt na Najeriya .  Lambar gidan waya ta yankin ita ce 802142  .

## Gidaje
  Wadannan sune wasu manyan ƙauyuka a gundumar Atak Nfang (Zaman Dabo) sun hada da:

* Atak Agbaat
* Atakmawai (H. Kurmin Masara) 
* Atak Nfang (Zaman Dabo) 
* Apyia Akoo (Kankurmi) 
* Chawai Zaman Dabo
* Chen Akoo (Zama Awon) 
* Doka
* Kan Kibori
* Kibori
* Kitibir
* Makomurum
* Manyi Mashin
* Manyi Sansak
* Marana (Ungwan Rana) 
* Sabon Gini
* Ungwan Maichibi

## Yawan jama'a
Mutanen gundumar Atak Nfang (Zaman Dabo) galibi Mutanen Atyap ne. Kodayake ana samun mazauna daga wasu sassan ƙasar a wasu sassan gundumar.

## Manazarta
James C. Irwin

James Clarence Irwin (7 ga Yuni, 1929 - 21 ga Maris, 2018) [1] ya kasance mataimakin admiral a cikin Amurka Coast Guard wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Kwamandan daga 1986 zuwa 1988. Ya kasance kwamandan Gundumar Tsaro ta 5 kuma Shugaban Ofishin Tsaro a Hedikwatar, Tsaro ta Tsaro.[2] Bayan wa'adinsa a matsayin mataimakin kwamandan, ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamandan, Joint Task Force FOUR (wani kamfani da ya riga ya zama Joint Interagency Task Force South) da Coast Guard Atlantic Area (wanda aka nada a shekara ta 1989) da kuma US Maritime Defense Zone Atlantic (daga 1988 zuwa 1989). [3]

An haifi Irwin a Des Moines, Iowa, kuma ya auri La Verne Marie Grapski . 

## Manazarta
Amorphophallus dracontioides

***Amorphophallus dracontioides*** ko **Dragons Football** nau'in nau'in shuka ne a cikin jinsin *Amorphophallus* daga Ghana zuwa Najeriya .  

## Bayyanawa
Wannan nau'in ya bayyana a matsayin babban, shuka marar nama tare da launi na magenta / zaitun gaba ɗaya. Yana da ƙananan ƙwayoyin zaitun da kuma ciki mai ɗorewa.

## Amfani da magani
An yi amfani da tushen wannan nau'in a matsayin magani don zubar da jini, da kuma rushewa mai guba / cinyewa.

## Toxins
Ruwan shuka yana dauke da saponins da yiwuwar Steroids sabili da haka yana da ɗan guba. Mutanen Aboriginal a cikin kewayon wannan shuka suna amfani da waɗannan gubobi a matsayin guba. An yi imanin tushen sihiri.

## Abinci na yunwa
An yi amfani da wannan nau'in a cikin Najeriya a matsayin abincin yunwa. Saboda wannan nau'in yana da guba dole ne a tafasa shi na kwana biyu don kawar da guba.

## Sunayen da aka saba amfani da su
Akwai sunaye masu yawa na Amorphophallus dracontioides ciki har da:

Dragon Football 

Shuka na Hyena's Penis 

## Manazarta
Babbar Makarantar Bodwesango

**Bodwesango Senior High School** hadaddiyar makarantar ce ta zagaye na biyu a Bodwesango a gundumar Adansi ta Arewa a yankin Ashanti na Ghana .     A cikin 2009, makarantar ta shiga cikin muhawarar Inter-school karkashin taken: "An haifi shugabanni amma ba a yi ba" inda suka fito a matsayin na farko da ya zo na biyu. 

## Tarihi
A shekara ta 2011, Nana Osarfo Akowuah ita ce shugabar makarantar.  A cikin 2021, Mafi Girma John Yaw Afoakwah shi ne Chaplain kuma mai koyarwa a makarantar. 

## Manazarta
Amanten

**Amanten** wani gari ne a yankin Bono East na Ghana . An san garin da makarantar sakandare ta Amanten . Makarantar cibiyar sake zagayowar ta biyu ce. Yana ƙarƙashin Gundumar Atebubu-Amanten . Aikin noma shine babban aikin su. Ya ƙunshi kusan dukkanin kabilun 46 a Ghana. Ranar kasuwarsu ita ce Jumma'a. Cocin Katolika shine babban coci a garin.

## Manazarta
Kayan samar da wasa na Kalakpa

**Kakpa Game Production Reserve** shine 32,020&nbsp;ha a cikin gandun daji na Ghana .   

## Tarihi
Gwamnatin Ghana ce ta kafa yankin da aka kare a shekarar 1975, wanda ke kan tuddai na Dutsen Togo a cikin Yankin Ho Municipal .  Kafin wannan yanki ya zama wurin ajiyar dabbobi, ya yi aiki galibi a matsayin wurin farauta da aka fi so ga baƙi a Ghana.

## Yanayin ƙasa
Ajiyar tana cikin yankin kudu maso gabashin kasar, kimanin kilomita 120 a arewa maso gabashin babban birnin Accra kuma kimanin kilomita 30 a kudancin babban birnin Yankin Volta, Ho . &nbsp;&nbsp;

## Muhalli
Ajiyar tana cikin gandun daji / Savanna ecotone kuma tana dauke da tuddai masu yawa. Shuke-shuke sun mamaye busassun *Borassus*-*Combretum* da aka haye ta hanyar tashoshin busassun gandun daji. An sanya shi a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) ta BirdLife International saboda yana tallafawa yawan jama'a na nau'ikan tsuntsaye da yawa.

## Barazana

* A shekara ta 2009, akwai rahotanni game da mamayewa a kan Kalakpa Resource Reserve . 
* Har ila yau, a cikin 2016 akwai rahotanni game da katako ba bisa ka'ida ba a Kalakpa Resource Reserve a yankin Volta, tare da haɗarin ajiyar ta rasa mafi yawan bishiyoyinta.
* A cikin 2018 Ministan Yankin ya ce dole ne a yi la'akari da karfi don sake dawo da masu mamayewa. Kimanin al'ummomi 28 tare da yawan jama'a kusan 2,000, daga gundumomi huɗu da ke karbar bakuncin ajiyar; Adaklu, Ho West, North, da Central Tongu, waɗanda ke zaune a ajiyar ba bisa ka'ida ba.

## Manazarta
Manufofin miyagun ƙwayoyi na Najeriya

**Manufofin miyagun ƙwayoyi na Najeriya** suna nufin dokoki, ka'idoji, da dabarun gwamnati kan sarrafawa, rigakafi, da kuma maganin amfani da miyagun ƙ ƙwayoyi, fataucin mutane, da samarwa a cikin ƙasar. Manufofin miyagun ƙwayoyi na Najeriya an tsara su ne ta hanyar dokokin ƙasa da tarurruka na duniya, tare da tilasta aiki da daidaitawa galibi ta Hukumar Kula da Dokokin Magunguna ta Kasa (NDLEA).

## Tarihi
Kokarin kula da miyagun ƙwayoyi na Najeriya ya samo asali ne daga zamanin mulkin mallaka, lokacin da Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta aiwatar da ka'idoji game da amfani da wasu abubuwa. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, Najeriya ta tabbatar da yarjejeniyar kula da miyagun ƙwayoyi ta duniya da yawa, gami da:

* Yarjejeniyar Ɗaya ta 1961 kan Magunguna1961 Yarjejeniya guda ɗaya kan Magunguna

* Yarjejeniyar 1971 kan Magungunan Psychotropic1971 Yarjejeniyar kan Magunguna

* Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 1988 game da zirga-zirgar haramtacciya a cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi da magungunan Psychotropic . 

A shekara ta 1989, don mayar da martani ga karuwar damuwa game da rawar da Najeriya ke takawa a matsayin cibiyar wucewa don cinikin miyagun ƙwayoyi, Gwamnatin tarayya ta kafa Hukumar Kula da Dokar Magunguna ta Kasa (NDLEA)  ta hanyar Dokar No. 48. 

## Tsarin shari'a

## Manazarta
Kula da lafiya a najeriya

A Najeriya, an samu gagarumin ci gaba wajen inganta kiwon lafiya tun daga shekara ta 1950. Sai dai kuma, cututtukan da ke da nasaba da numfashi, da ciwon jarirai, da HIV/AIDS sun kasance kan gaba wajen haddasa mace-mace a kasar.  Cututtuka irin su cutar kyandar biri,  cutar shan inna, zazzabin cizon sauro, da tarin fuka sun nuna gyaruwa saboda wasu ayyuka. Sauran manyan matsalolin kiwon lafiya sun hada da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, gurbatar yanayi, da kuma hadurran ababen hawa . A cikin 2020, Najeriya ta sami adadin adadin COVID-19 mafi girma a Afirka. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative (HRMI) ya kiyasta cewa Najeriya ta cika kashi 48.2% na wajibai da ake tsammani don haƙƙin kiwon lafiya, bisa ga kuɗin shiga. Ga lafiyar yara, Najeriya ta kai kashi 66.6% na abin da ake tsammani, yayin da ga manya, adadi ya kai 61.7%. Ayyukan kiwon lafiya na haihuwa yana da ƙarancin gaske, a 16.3% na matakin da ake tsammani.

== Rayuwa da kuma mutuwar kasa da shekaru biyar ==
Rayuwar rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a Najeriya ta karu daga shekaru 49.4 a 2007 zuwa kimanin shekaru 54 a 2017. Yawan mace-mace na kasa da shekaru biyar (U5MR) a kowace haihuwa 1,000 ya ragu daga 145.7 a 2007 zuwa 100.2 a 2017. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashe da matsakaicin duniya, alamun kiwon lafiya na Najeriya sun kasance marasa kyau. 

**Tushen**: Rashin Mutuwa na Kasa da 5 (kowane haihuwa 1,000 mai rai) da Rayuwa a Haihuwar (shekaru). Kimanin da kungiyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta samar don Kimanin Mutuwar Yara (UNICEF, WHO, Bankin Duniya, Sashen Jama'a na DESA). 

**Tushen''': Sashen Jama'a na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Tsinkayen Jama'a ta Duniya: 2017 Bincike; Ƙungiyar Bankin Duniya . 

## Mutuwar uwa

## Manazarta
Belin meningitis na Afirka

Yankin meningitis na Afirka yanki ne a Yankin Saharar Afirka inda yawan mutanen da ke fama da meningitis ya yi yawa sosai. Ya kai daga Senegal zuwa Habasha, kuma babban dalilin meningitis a cikin belin shine *Neisseria meningitidis* .

Léon Lapeyssonnie na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ne ya fara gabatar da belin a 1963. Lapeyssonnie ya lura cewa cutar ta faru ne a yankunan da ke karɓar 300-1,100 mm na ruwan sama na shekara-shekara, wanda shine yanayin a yankin Sahara na Afirka. Har ila yau, an gano yaduwar cutar meningitis a Kudancin Asiya, wanda wadanda ke yin Hajji, aikin hajji zuwa Saudi Arabia, suka kawo a cikin 1987, wanda ya haifar da annoba a Nepal, Saudi Arabia, da Chadi.&nbsp;

## Yankuna
Ya ƙunshi wani ɓangare na ko duka (daga Yamma zuwa Gabas), Gambiya, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau" id="mwJQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Nijar, Najeriya, Kamaru, Chadi, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Sudan, Sudan ta Kudu, Uganda, Kenya, Habasha, Eritrea. Sauran ƙasashe da yawa a Afirka suna fuskantar barkewar cutar, amma ba su da yawa kuma ba su da ƙarancin annoba. "Belt" yana da kimanin mutane miliyan 300 a cikin jimlar yankinsa. Wannan yankin ba wai kawai yana da saukin kamuwa da cutar meningitis ba,  har ma yana da saurin kamuwa da annoba kamar zazzabin cizon sauro.

## Manazarta
Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Firamare ta Kasa (Nijeriya)

**Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Firamare ta Kasa** wacce ba a san ta da **NPHCDA** hukuma ce ta Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya da aka kafa don inganta damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya na farko, inganta ɗaukar rigakafi, da inganta shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya masu ɗorewa ga al'ummomi a duk faɗin ƙasar.

## Tarihi
Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya ce ta kafa hukumar a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 1992, biyo bayan gabatar da Dokar No. 29. Wannan dokar ta yi niyyar magance gazawar tsarin kiwon lafiya na farko na Najeriya ta hanyar kirkirar wata kungiya mai sadaukarwa da ke da alhakin ci gabanta, daidaitawa, da aiwatarwa a duk faɗin ƙasar. An kafa hukumar ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na jajircewar gwamnati don cimma cikakkun sabis na kiwon lafiya ga dukan 'yan Najeriya, musamman a yankunan karkara da ba su da kyau.

Babban manufar NPHCDA ita ce ta tallafa wa Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayya wajen karfafa kayan aikin kiwon lafiya na farko da kuma tabbatar da cewa muhimman ayyukan kiwon lafiya, gami da rigakafin uwaye da yara, da rigakafi ga cututtuka, sun kasance masu sauƙi ga dukkan 'yan ƙasa. Har ila yau, an ba hukumar aiki tare da daidaita shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya na kasa, tattara albarkatu, da kuma sauƙaƙe haɗin gwiwa tare da kungiyoyin duniya, kamar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), UNICEF, da Gavi, Alliance na rigakafi.

Dangane da umarninsa, NPHCDA ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya, kamar shirin rigakafin kasa, Kula da zazzabin cizon sauro, da kawar da cutar shan inna. Har ila yau, yana sauƙaƙa ci gaban tsarin kiwon lafiya na al'umma kuma yana aiki don haɗa kiwon lafiya ta farko tare da matakan kulawa na sakandare da na uku.

### Umurni
Hukumar ta ba da umarni don karfafa tsarin kiwon lafiya na farko na Najeriya, tabbatar da samun dama ga ayyukan kiwon lafiya masu mahimmanci, inganta rigakafi, da daidaita shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya. Har ila yau, yana tattara albarkatu, haɓaka haɗin gwiwa, da haɓaka tsarin kiwon lafiya na al'umma don inganta isar da kiwon lafiya gaba ɗaya a duk faɗin ƙasar.

### Ikon iko
Yana aiki a duk faɗin ƙasar, tare da iko a kan dukkan yankuna da yankuna a Najeriya. Hukumar tana mai da hankali kan karfafa tsarin kiwon lafiya na farko a matakin kasa, tabbatar da samun damar samun muhimman ayyukan kiwon lafiya a birane da yankunan karkara, da kuma mai da hankali ga al'ummomin da ba su da kulawa. Hukumar tana aiki tare da gwamnatocin jihohi, hukumomin gida, da abokan hulɗa na duniya don aiwatar da shirye-shiryenta a duk faɗin ƙasar.

## Manazarta
Cutar zuciya a Najeriya

**Cutar zuciya a Najeriya** tana wakiltar babbar damuwa ta lafiyar jama'a kuma suna daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka da mutuwa a kasar. Haɓakawar Cututtukan zuciya (CVDs) suna da alaƙa da birane, canje-canje na salon rayuwa, karuwar yaduwar hauhawar jini, ciwon sukari, da sauran cututtukani marasa yaduwa.

## Bayani na gaba ɗaya
Cututtukan zuciya suna nufin rukuni na cututtukan Zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Hanyoyin da aka fi sani da su sun haɗa da hauhawar jini (hawan hawan jini), cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya, bugun jini,   gazawar zuciya, cututtuken zuciya, da cututtukar zuciya. 

A Najeriya, CVDs suna da alaƙa da kashi mai yawa na shigar asibiti da mutuwar. Duk da yake cututtukan cututtuka sun kasance babban nauyi, cututtukun da ba sa yaduwa kamar CVDs suna ƙaruwa cikin sauri, suna haifar da nauyin nauyi biyu akan tsarin kiwon lafiya.

## Yaduwar
Nazarin cututtukan da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa hauhawar Birni yana shafar kusan kashi 30% na manya na Najeriya. Jama'ar birane suna da yawa idan aka kwatanta da al'ummomin karkara, da farko saboda tsarin abinci, salon rayuwa, da karuwar damuwa. Stroke shine babban dalilin mutuwa da nakasa na dogon lokaci a asibitocin Najeriya, musamman tsakanin matsakaitan shekaru da tsofaffi.

Cututtukan zuciya na rheumatic,  sau da yawa sakamakon cututtukan streptococcal da ba a kula da su ba, sun kasance masu yawa tsakanin yara da matasa, musamman a cikin yankunan karkara marasa wadata.

## Abubuwan haɗari
Abubuwa da yawa suna taimakawa wajen karuwar nauyin cututtukan zuciya a Najeriya:

## Amsawar tsarin kiwon lafiya
Tsarin kiwon lafiya na Najeriya yana fuskantar kalubale wajen magance CVDs, gami da:

* Ƙayyadadden adadin likitocin zuciya da kayan aikin bincike.
* Rashin isasshen damar samun magunguna masu araha don hauhawar jini da sauran CVDs.
* Ƙananan matakan wayar da kan jama'a da kulawa ta rigakafi.

Duk da wadannan kalubalen, an kaddamar da matakai da yawa:

* **Manufofin Lafiya na Kasa (2016) **  sun haɗa da dabaru don kula da cututtukan da ba sa yaduwa.
* Nigeria NCD Alliance da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna inganta wayar da kan jama'a da bayar da shawarwari.
* Shirye-shiryen tantancewa don hauhawar jini da ciwon sukari a wasu birane.

## Manazarta
Amfani da naman kare a Najeriya

Ana cin Naman kare, wanda aka sani da "404",  saboda dalilai daban-daban a Najeriya    Wadannan sun hada da: fifiko na abinci, imani na gargajiya, da kuma abubuwan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.

## Al'adu da Tattalin Arziki
A cikin binciken 2012-2013 a Jihar Nijar, kashi 80.6% na masu amsawa, galibi maza, sun yarda suna cin nama na kare. Yawancin sun ambaci dandano (64%) a matsayin babban dalili, yayin da wasu suka lura da dalilai na magani (18.4%) ko al'ada (8.8%) a matsayin motsawa.

Cinikin nama na kare yana ba da tallafin tattalin arziki ga masu yankan nama, 'yan kasuwa, da masu siyarwa. Yawancin karnuka ba a haife su musamman don nama ba amma a maimakon haka ana saya su daga gidaje ko kuma an samo su a matsayin ɓarna, galibi ana jigilar su da nisa a cikin ɗakunan da ke cike da mutane ba tare da abinci ko ruwa ba. A cikin wani binciken, an kashe karnuka sama da 470 a cikin watanni shida na lura a kasuwanni biyar a Jihar Nijar kadai.

A cikin 2016 a Jihar Ekiti, an ba da rahoton cewa karnuka suna ɓacewa bayan hauhawar amfani kuma farashin babban kare a kasuwa na iya kaiwa sama da N15,000.

A cikin cibiyoyin birane kamar Legas, gidajen cin abinci na naman kare na al'ada, wanda ake kira "kayan kare", sun haɓaka abokan ciniki masu aminci. Abokan ciniki sun ambaci dandano da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya kamar ingantaccen libido da ƙarfin rigakafi a matsayin mahimman abubuwan da ke motsawa don amfani.

Duk da wannan shahara, cinikin ya kasance ba a tsara shi ba kuma yana aiki a waje da iyakokin binciken lafiyar abinci na yau da kullun.

A watan Fabrairun 2024, an ba da rahoton cewa ana cin naman kare saboda rashin sauran furotin dabba kamar yadda farashin abinci na dabba ga kaji ko kifi yana da tsada sosai.

Masu fafutukar kare hakkin dabbobi da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na cikin gida sun nuna rashin amincewa da cin naman kare, suna mai nuna rashin tausayi da keta dokokin kare dabbobi. Kamfen ɗin su sun sami iyakantaccen nasara, saboda al'adu da tattalin arziki na cin naman kare.

## Jima'in Dabbobi da Yanayin Gudanarwa
An kuma tayar da damuwa game da jin daɗin dabbobi game da maganin karnuka a cikin kasuwanci. Sau da yawa ana jigilar karnuka a cikin ɗakuna masu yawa, ana gudanar da su a cikin yanayi mara kyau, kuma ana yanka su ta amfani da rauni a kai. A wasu lokuta, ana kiyaye karnuka da rai na kwanaki da yawa ba tare da abinci ba kafin a sayar da su ko a kashe su. Wadannan ayyukan suna kara haɗarin yaduwar cuta ta hanyar sarrafawa da gurɓata muhalli.

Wasu 'yan kasuwa sun yi imani da hanyoyin da ba na kimiyya ba na rigakafin cutar rabies, kamar cinye takamaiman gabobin ciki na kare da aka yi tunanin bayar da kariya, kodayake babu wani tushen kimiyya don irin wannan da'awar.

## Manazarta
Jarabawar opium a Yammacin Afirka

A cikin 2023, kwacewar miyagun ƙwayoyi da hukumomi a Afirka suka yi ya kai rabin kwacewar magunguna a duniya, musamman tramadol. Akwai babban adadin amfani da tramadol da jaraba a Ghana, Togo, Najeriya da Benin. A Yammacin Afirka, opiates sun fi shahara a tsakanin matasa, musamman samari, da kuma tsakanin mutanen da ke yin aiki na jiki da kuma ayyukan ma'aikata.

## Ta hanyar ƙasa

### Najeriya
A cikin 2024, opioids sune manyan abubuwan da suka haifar da shan miyagun ƙwayoyi a Najeriya. A cikin 2024, opioids kamar su tramadol da codeine suna samuwa a ko'ina a Najeriya. Sauran magungunan opiates da ake samu sun hada da pentazocin da morphine. Amfani da opiate ya yadu, a cikin birane da yankunan karkara. A wasu al'ummomi, ana amfani da opioid, kuma ana ganin shi a matsayin hanyar da ba a lalata ba don magance damuwa ta mutum.

A cikin 2024, akwai ƙananan cibiyoyin magani. Ayyukan tilasta bin doka sun mayar da hankali kan aikata laifuka na amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, maimakon hana samar da miyagun kwayoyi.

A mayar da martani, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba da umurni ga Hukumar Kula da Dokar Magunguna ta Kasa (NDLEA) da magance batun opiate. Ana kwace miyagun ƙwayoyi, kuma ana kama masu amfani. An yi kamfen na wayar da kan jama'a game da haɗarin miyagun ƙwayoyi. An haramta kasuwar magunguna, inda shagunan tituna da shagunan da suka sayar da magunguna ba tare da wata doka ba. An haramta samar da codeine na gida da siyarwa ba tare da takardar magani ba.

### Ghana
A cikin 2021, an kiyasta cewa tsakanin 24.9% da 77.6% na matasa na Ghanian suna amfani da tramadol. Maza da yawa fiye da mata sun yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, kuma musamman maza a cikin aikin da ba na al'ada ba.

A cikin kafofin watsa labarai na Ghana, an tsara amfani da tramadol na matasa a cikin ɗabi'a, maimakon batun kiwon lafiya. Abubuwan tsari a cikin al'ummar Ghanian waɗanda zasu iya rinjayar amfani da Tramadol, sun haɗa da yanayin aiki mara kyau, da damuwa da rashin tabbas game da aiki.

Akwai masu amfani da tramadol na nishaɗi a cikin matsakaicin aji na Ghana. Akwai "amfani da aiki" na yau da kullun tsakanin waɗanda ke aiki a cikin aiki mai wuya. Akwai mafi girman yawan amfani da tramadol tsakanin marasa aikin yi.

Dalilan da aka ambata don amfani da tramadol, gami da haɓaka yanayi, sauƙi na damuwa, jimiri na jiki a aiki, da kuma inganta jima'i. Wasu masu amfani da tramadol sun ba da rahoton cewa masu aikinsu sun tilasta musu su sha miyagun ƙwayoyi, don haka za su iya aiki tuƙuru, kuma na tsawon sa'o'i.

## Manazarta
Helen Ukpabio

**Helen Ukpabio** ita ce ta kafa kuma shugabar Ma'aikatar Bishara ta Afirka ta Liberty Foundation da ke Calabar, Jihar Cross River, Najeriya.  An zarge ta da haifar da cin zarafi da tashin hankali ga yara da ake zargi da maita.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
An haifi Ukpabio a ƙauyen Mbente, Jihar Akwa Ibom, Najeriya, kuma ta auri Dokta Elijah Ukpabio . Tana da 'ya'ya uku.

Ukpabio ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya kasance matashiyar maƙaryaci, "wanda aka ba da shaidan" kafin a "yantar da shi ta hanyar bishara".

A shekara ta 1992, Ukpabio ta kafa Ma'aikatar Bishara ta Liberty Foundation tare da manufar yada fassarar Littafi Mai-Tsarki ga mutanen Afirka ta Yamma.

## Ra'ayoyi game da mallaka da maita
Ukpabio da ƙungiyarta sun yi imanin cewa Shaidan yana da ikon bayyana kansa a cikin jikin yara ta hanyar mallaka na aljanu kuma ya sa su zama bayinsa a cikin 'maƙaryaci' ko 'masu kula da yara' .  

Yin amfani da imani mai camfi, musamman wadanda ke da alaƙa da ruhaniya ko aljanu ko maita,  kungiyar Helen Ukpabio ta girma sosai a duk faɗin Najeriya da Afirka ta Yamma tun lokacin da aka kafa ta. Yanzu akwai manyan Ikklisiyoyin Bishara na Liberty a Kamaru, Ghana da Afirka ta Kudu da Najeriya. Ukpabio ta wallafa ra'ayinta a cikin littattafai da yawa, waɗanda aka kuma soki su sosai. Misali shine 'Unveiling The Mysteries of Witchcraft', inda ta bayyana cewa: 

## Manazarta
Olasubomi Iginla Aina

**Olasubomi Iginla Aina** MBE (an haife ta a shekara ta 1978) masanin jin kai ne Na Najeriya da Birtaniya kuma mai ba da shawara ga haƙƙin matasa, al'ummomin marasa galihu, da mutane masu launin fata. A matsayinta na wanda ya kafa Gidauniyar Lightup, Olasubomi ta sami karbuwa saboda kokarin da ta yi na magance abubuwan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da ke haifar da ƙaura, karfafa yawan jama'a masu rauni, da inganta batutuwa kamar ilimi, samun damar kiwon lafiya, da ci gaban matasa.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Olasubomi a shekara ta 1978 a Najeriya. Ta halarci makarantar Yewande Memorial Nursery da Primary School a farkon shekarunta kafin ta koma makarantar Legas Anglican Girls Grammar School, inda ta kammala karatun sakandare. A Legas Anglican, ta nuna ƙwarewar jagoranci, tana aiki a matsayin yarinya. A lokacin da take makaranta, ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen jin kai daban-daban da ayyukan karfafa matasa, tana ba da gudummawa ga al'ummar yankin da kuma samun karbuwa a makaranta saboda kokarin ta.

A shekara ta 1996, Olasubomi ta shiga Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo da ke Ile-Ife, inda ta sami digiri a fannin Gine-gine. Yayinda take jami'a, ta shiga cikin jagorancin dalibai da kuma bayar da shawarwari. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Dalibai kuma daga baya ta zama shugaban kasa, a cikin 1999-2000, wakiltar ɗalibai.   OAU ta fuskanci lokacin rikici, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar zanga-zangar kan rustication na dalibai, gami da wasu mambobin jagorancin kungiyar dalibai. zanga-zangar ta kara tsanantawa, kuma gwamnatin Najeriya ta shiga tsakani, wanda ya haifar da cire Mataimakin Shugaban kasa.

A matsayinsa na Shugaban Kungiyar Dalibai, Olasubomi ya taka rawar gani wajen magance rikicin. Ta shirya zanga-zangar zaman lafiya wacce daga baya aka ambata a littafin Farfesa Rogers Makanjuola Water Must Flow Uphill (shafi 187-188).  Bayan kammala karatunta a fannin gine-gine, Olasubomi ta ci gaba da karatun shari'a a shekarar 2018 a Jami'ar Brighton da kuma karatun Jagora a Jami'an Oxford kuma ta sami horo na musamman a cikin Harkokin Kasuwanci a shekarar 2015. 

## Yunkurin fafutuka

### Taimako ga 'yan gudun hijira
Ta fara kuma ta tallafa wa ayyuka daban-daban, gami da kwashe marayu na Ukraine daga yankunan rikici a lokacin Yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine.  A cikin 2022, ta yi tafiya zuwa Ukraine don tabbatar da amincin yara masu rauni. Ta kuma gudanar da yawon shakatawa na hadin kai / jin kai a Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Jamus, da Romania don tallafawa 'yan gudun hijira masu launi da ke tserewa daga Rikicin Ukraine. A cikin 2022, Olasubomi ta amince da aikin Helena Maleno, mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam, ta hanyar gabatar da ita da lambar yabo ta girmamawa a Barcelona don nuna godiya ga kokarin Maleno na ceton baƙi a teku ta hanyar kungiyarta, Walking Borders .

## Manazarta