Binciken ƙanƙara

**Extreme Ice Survey** (EIS), wanda ke a Boulder, Colorado, yana amfani da ɗaukar hoto na tsawon lokaci, ɗaukar hoto na al'ada da bidiyo don tattara sakamakon ɗumamar duniya akan kankara. Shi ne mafi faɗi-jeri binciken glacier da aka taɓa yi ta amfani da tushen ƙasa, ɗaukar hoto na ainihi. An fara a cikin 2007 ƙungiyar EIS ta shigar da kyamarori 43 na lokaci guda a glaciers 18 a Greenland, Iceland, Alaska, Kanada, Nepalese Himalaya (inda aka shigar da kyamarori a Dutsen Everest a 2010), da Dutsen Rocky na Amurka. Tawagar tana ƙara rikodin ɓata lokaci ta hanyar maimaita harbe-harbe a wasu ƙayyadaddun wurare a Iceland, Bolivia, lardin Kanada na British Columbia da Faransa da Swiss Alps. Ana amfani da hotunan da aka tattara don shaidar kimiyya kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na yaƙin neman zaɓe na duniya da nufin ilmantar da jama'a game da illolin sauyin yanayi. Hotunan EIS sun bayyana a cikin faifan bidiyo da suka wuce lokacin da aka nuna a tashar tashar jirgin sama na Denver International; a cikin shirye-shiryen watsa labarai kamar 2009 NOVA Extreme Ice shirin shirin kan PBS; kuma shine abin da ya fi mayar da hankali kan fim ɗin Chasing Ice, wanda Jeff Orlowski ya jagoranta, wanda aka fara a bikin fim na Sundance a Utah a ranar 23 ga Janairu, 2012. An buga manyan binciken a cikin 2012 a cikin Ice: Hotunan Glaciers na Duniya na James Balog (Rizzoli Publishing).

## Tarihi
Dan jarida mai daukar hoto James Balog ya kafa Extreme Ice Survey a cikin 2007 bayan ya kwashe yawancin shekaru biyun da suka gabata yana daukar hotunan glaciers na National Geographic da New Yorker. Balog ya ga ƙanƙara na ban mamaki yana ɓacewa tare da saurin girgiza. Siffofin da suka ɗauki ƙarni don haɓaka ana lalata su da sauri fiye da yadda tsarin kimiyya ya yi hasashe, wani lokacin a cikin ƴan shekaru kawai—ko ma makwanni kaɗan kawai. Balog ya kafa EIS don ba da shaidar gani na tasirin dumamar yanayi. Aikin daga ƙarshe ya samo asali ne zuwa ƙoƙarin ƙungiya mai ƙarfi, wanda ya haɗa 'yan jarida da masana kimiyya, masu fasaha da injiniyoyi.

## Manufar
EIS na nufin nuna canjin zamanin da ke faruwa a cikin lokacin rayuwar ɗan adam, da kuma samarwa masana kimiyya rikodin hoto don fahimtar injiniyoyi da saurin ja da baya da kuma yadda yake da alaƙa da sauyin yanayi.

### Aikin fili da kayan aiki
Ƙungiyar EIS ta zaɓi sanya kyamarorin da ba su wuce lokaci ba - Nikon D200 DSLR kyamarori da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar haɗin kai na al'ada na hasken rana, batura da sauran kayan lantarki - a wurare masu sauƙi da hotuna waɗanda ke wakiltar yanayin yanki da kyau, suna da ƙima mai girma na kimiyya kuma ana iya sarrafa su ta hoto da dabaru. Kowane tsarin kyamara yana da nauyin kilo 125-150 ko sama da haka kuma dole ne a kiyaye shi tare da anka da wayoyi na guy a kan iskoki har zuwa 150 mph, haka kuma da yanayin zafi mai ƙasa da -40 °F, dusar ƙanƙara, zabtarewar ƙasa, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da ƙazamar ruwa. Kyamarorin suna harbi sau ɗaya a kowace awa, rabin sa'a, mintuna 15 ko mintuna 5, a cikin sa'o'in hasken rana, don kusan hotuna 8,000 a kowace kamara kowace shekara. Jimillar tarihin binciken yanzu ta ƙunshi firam fiye da 800,000. Ta hanyar ɗaukar hotuna a wurare daban-daban a ko'ina cikin Arewacin Hemisphere a cikin shekaru da yawa, EIS na iya ba da cikakken hoto game da tasirin ɗumamar duniya a cikin yankuna daban-daban fiye da tushen tushen ƙasa na baya, nazarin lokaci. Tun daga watan Janairun 2012, ƙungiyar tana da kyamarori 27 a kan glaciers 18.

## Ƙungiyar aikin

### Wanda ya kafa
Hotunan dan jarida mai daukar hoto James Balog sun sami yabo na kasa da kasa, ciki har da lambar yabo ta Heinz, Medal na Leica da lambar yabo ta farko ga duka yanayi da daukar hoto na kimiyya a Hotunan Jarida na Duniya a Amsterdam. An nuna baje kolin hotunansa a gidajen tarihi da gidajen tarihi fiye da 100 daga Girka zuwa Paris, New York zuwa Los Angeles. Shi ne mai daukar hoto na farko da aka ba da izini don ƙirƙirar jerin tambari don Sabis ɗin Wasikun Amurka; sakin 1996 ya ƙunshi namun daji na Amurka da ke cikin haɗari. An buga aikin Balog a cikin manyan mujallu masu yawa, ciki har da National Geographic, The New Yorker, Life, Vanity Fair, The New York Times Magazine, Audubon da Waje. Balog shine marubucin litattafai bakwai: Buƙatun namun daji (1984), Masu tsira: Sabon hangen nesa na Dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari[8] (1990), Anima (1993), Dabbobin Dabbobin James Balog A zuwa Z (1996), Dabbobi (1999), Bishiyoyi (200) Sabon hangen nesa na Amurka, Bishiyoyi (20) da New Vision na Amurka. Yanzu: Bacewa Glaciers da Canjin Yanayi, Rahoton Ci gaba[13] (2009). Balog, Jakadan Dorewa na Fuskar Arewa, yana da digirin farko a fannin magana/ sadarwa daga Kwalejin Boston da digirin digirgir a fannin geomorphology daga Jami'ar Colorado.

## Manazarta