Mary Howell

**Mary Catherine Raugust Howell** (Satumba 2, 1932 &#x2013; Fabrairu 5, 1998) likita ce, masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam, lauya, mai ba da shawara, mawaƙa kuma uwa . Ita ce shugabar mace ta farko a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harvard (1972-1975) kuma ta jagoranci yakin kawo karshen rabon kudi da bude makarantun likitanci ga mata.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Dr. Howell a Grand Forks, North Dakota . Ta halarci Kwalejin Radcliffe, kuma ta sami MD da PhD. a cikin ilimin halin dan Adam a cikin 1962 daga Jami'ar Minnesota, sannan ya sami JD daga Harvard Law School a 1991.

### Sana'a da shawarwari
Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu haɗin gwiwa guda biyar a cikin 1975 na Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Mata ta ƙasa, tare da Barbara Seaman, Alice Wolfson, Belita Cowan, da Phyllis Chesler, Ph.D., kuma mai ba da gudummawa ga *Jikunanmu, Kanmu* . Littafin nata, *Me Ya Sa Yarinya Za Ta Shiga Magunguna?* ya fara ne a matsayin tarin abubuwan da daliban likitancin mata suka yi - suna yin rubuce-rubucen nuna wariya ga mata - kuma sun zama kayan aiki (a cikin daidaitawa tare da motsin mata) don taimakawa wajen samar da dokar Title IX da haɓaka yawan ɗaliban likitancin mata daga 9% a 1969 zuwa 25% a 1979, zuwa kusan 50% a cikin 2007.

Baya ga tarbiyyar ‘ya’ya bakwai, ta bude gidanta ga dalibai da dama, da kuma mata a lokacin canji a rayuwa, inda ta rika ba da labarin neman ilimi da ban dariya, kidanta da gasa burodi. Ta kuma ja hankalin dalibai da su yi nazari a kan harkokin siyasa na kiwon lafiya, tun daga abinci mai gina jiki a ’ya’yan makaranta zuwa karfin kungiyoyin masu bukata ta musamman ta hanyar dokokin da suka shafi kiwon lafiya. Ta ƙarfafa iyaye su kula da lafiyar 'ya'yansu kuma sun yi aikin likitancin yara a Boston da Maine . Ta yi aiki tare da mutanen da ke da nakasa da tabin hankali ta hanyar Cibiyar Shriver da Makarantar Jihar Walter E. Fernald a Waltham, Massachusetts ; yara masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi, rashin matsuguni, ko HIV ta hanyar Medical Van, wani shiri a Babban Asibitin Massachusetts don matasan titi; kuma kwanan nan a matsayin Darakta na albarkatun tallafi. Ta kasance memba na Division of Medical Ethics a Harvard Medical School daga 1992 zuwa 1994. Ta kuma yi kira ga iyaye mata da su kula da lafiyar ‘ya’yansu, kuma ta hanyar fahimtar da ta yi game da likitanci a fagen siyasa, ta ba wa mutane dabarun fahimtar irin jinyar da suka samu, da kuma sadarwa yadda ya kamata ga masu kula da bukatunsu. Ita ce marubucin labarai da yawa da littattafai bakwai, gami da *Taimakawa Kanmu, Warkar da Gida, Mutuwa da Mutuwa da Dilemmas na ɗabi'a: Jagora ga ma'aikatan da ke hidima ga nakasassu manya* da *Bauta wa Marasa aiki: Kula da mutanen da suka tsufa da rashin hankali* . Ta kuma rubuta wani shafi na wata-wata mai suna "Uwar Aiki" a cikin mujallar *McCall* daga 1977 zuwa 1987.

### Sauran abubuwan
Baya ga kasancewarsa likita kuma lauya, Howell yana son yin violin da viola a matsayin mawaƙin ɗaki. Ta shiga cikin Apgar Quartet (kayan aikin da Virginia Apgar ke yi (a karkashin jagorancin Carleen Hutchins ) masanin ilimin likitancin da ya bunkasa Apgar Score ) a Dallas, a Cibiyar Harkokin Ilimin Harkokin Ilimin Harkokin Ilimin Amirka, don girmama tambarin tunawa na Virginia Apgar .      

## Gado
Ta mutu a Watertown, MA . Don girmama ƙaunarta na kiɗa da yara, an kafa ƙididdigar tunawa da Mary Howell a Ƙungiyar Orchestra ta Yara. 

## Manazarta

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Takardu, 1971-1983. Makarantar Schlesinger, Cibiyar Radcliffe, Jami'ar Harvard.