Chicago Lawn, Chicago

**Lawn na Chicago** yana ɗaya daga cikin yankunan al'umma 77 da ke Chicago, Illinois. Yana gefen kudu maso yammacin birnin. Maƙwabtan al'ummarsa sun haɗa da Gage Park, West Englewood, Ashburn, da West Lawn . Yana da iyaka da layukan jirgin ƙasa na CSX da Norfolk Southern a gabas, Central Park Avenue a yamma, 59th Street a arewa, da kuma Belt Railway na Chicago a kudu, kuma yana da  kudu maso yammacin Loop . 'Yan ƙasar suna kiran yankin da " **Marquette Park** ," bayan wurin shakatawa da ke tsakiyarsa.

## Tarihi

John F. Eberhart ne ya kafa birnin Chicago Lawn a shekarar 1871. Duk da cewa birnin Chicago ya hade shi a shekarar 1889, ya kasance mafi yawan gonaki tare da wasu matsugunan da ba a saba gani ba har zuwa shekarun 1920. Tsakanin shekarun 1920 da 1930, yawan jama'a ya karu daga 14,000 zuwa 47,000. Mazauna 'yan asalin Jamus da Irish sun fara ƙaura zuwa yankin daga unguwannin Baya na Yards da Englewood . 'Yan Poland, Bohemians, da Lithuania sun bi su. Yawancin sabbin mazauna sun kasance cikin ƙungiyoyin Furotesta daban-daban, amma Chicago Lawn kuma gida ne ga majami'u da makarantu na Roman Katolika da yawa. A yau, akwai cibiyoyi shida na Katolika waɗanda suka kafa Majalisar Marquette Park Catholic Campus. Chicago Lawn unguwa ce mai bunƙasa a birane yayin da tattalin arzikin ƙasar ya yi tsanani kuma zuwa 1940 yawan jama'arta ya kai 49,291. A shekarar 1941, Kamfanin Biscuit na Ƙasa ya sanar da shirin gina babban gidan burodi a Chicago Lawn. Lokacin da aka kammala ginin, wannan shine mafi girman gidan burodi a wuri ɗaya a duniya. Girman wurin ya ninka sau biyu a ƙarshen shekarun 1990.

Al'ummar Lithuania ta ci gaba da kasancewa a yankin ta hanyar kafa wata cibiyar sadarwa ta cibiyoyi da suka sanya al'ummarsu suna a matsayin *Lithuanian Gold Coast* . Sun kafa wasu daga cikin mafi kyawun tanadi da lamuni a birnin. 'Yan'uwan Lithuania na Saint Casimir sun kafa Asibitin Holy Cross a shekarar 1928 da Makarantar Sakandare ta Maria a shekarar 1952 (wanda aka kafa a matsayin St. Casimir Academy a shekarar 1911). An kafa Cocin Haihuwar Budurwa Mai Albarka a shekarar 1927 a kusurwar Titin 69th da Titin Washtenaw. An kafa ta a matsayin cocin ƙasa na Lithuania kuma har yanzu ana gudanar da ayyuka a Lithuania . Al'ummar Lithuania ta Chicago ta gina wani abin tunawa da Art Deco a Marquette Park don tunawa da matukan jirgin Lithuania Stasys Girėnas da Steponas Darius wanda ya mutu a hatsarin Lituanica a shekarar 1933.

## Matsalolin launin fata
Chicago's changing racial demographics had a profound impact on Chicago Lawn. In the 1960s many of the white Americans had fled Englewood & West Englewood and Chicago Lawn became a target for civil rights groups' open housing marches during the Civil Rights Movement. In 1966, as part of the Chicago Freedom Movement, Martin Luther King Jr.  led a march into Marquette Park, where the marchers met a violent reaction. King himself was hit by a rock. Violence also erupted in the neighborhood when Gage Park High School attempted to integrate after *[[Brown v. Board of Education]]* (1954). The 1990 census still showed non-Hispanic whites as the largest demographic group by race, comprising 43% of the population.

Duk da haka, a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, bambancin launin fata na unguwar ya canza sosai kuma a lokacin ƙidayar jama'a ta 2000, 'yan Afirka Amurkawa sun zama mafi girman ƙungiyar launin fata wacce ta ƙunshi kashi 53% na yawan jama'a, tare da ƙungiyoyin fararen fata na Hispanic da waɗanda ba 'yan Hispanic ba waɗanda suka kai kashi 35% da 10% bi da bi. Akwai kuma al'ummomin Yahudawa da Falasɗinawa a yankin. Wasu 'yan Irish, Poland, da Lithuania suma suna nan, kodayake yawancinsu sun ƙaura zuwa kudu da yamma. Yawancin 'yan Lithuania da Poland sun sake kafa al'ummominsu a Lemont .

## Al'ummar Larabawa
A shekarun 1920, Larabawa sun yi ƙaura zuwa Chicago, kuma rikicin siyasa a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan ƙirƙirar Isra'ila ta 1948 ya kawo ƙarin Musulmin Falasɗinawa zuwa Chicago. Iyalan Larabawa suna zaune a Unguwannin Lawn da Gage Park na Chicago. Al'ummar Larabawa sun kafa Cibiyar Musulunci da Masallaci ta Chicago a ranar 63 ga wata. Shaguna da gidajen cin abinci da yawa na Gabas ta Tsakiya kusa da yankin Masallaci. Iyalan Larabawa sun fito ne daga Falasɗinawa, Jordan, Siriya, da Lebanon . A cikin shekarun 1950, Falasɗinawa masu iyalai sun ƙaura daga gidajen kwana da shagunansu zuwa gidaje da gidaje a yammacin "Black Belt" na Chicago. A cikin shekarun 1970, sun kafa al'umma mai yawan zama a Gage Park da Chicago Lawn, a gefen Kudu, kuma sun kafa gundumar kasuwanci tare da shaguna da ke kula da abokan cinikin Larabawa. Al'ummar Larabawa sun kafa Cibiyar Musulunci da Masallaci ta Chicago a ranar 63 ga wata. Shaguna da gidajen cin abinci da yawa na Gabas ta Tsakiya kusa da yankin Masallaci. Babban taron Falasɗinawa na Chicago har yanzu yana zaune a waɗannan yankuna da kuma a cikin al'ummomin da ke kudu da yamma.

## Manazarta
**Bayanan kula**