Gidan wasan Upera na kasar Ukraine

An kafa kungiyar **Kyiv Opera** bisa ka'ida a lokacin ranin shekarar 1867, kuma ita ce  opera ta uku a tsufa a Ukraine, bayan Odessa Opera da Lviv Opera. A yau, Kamfanin Kyiv Opera yana yin wasan kwaikwayo a National Opera House na Ukraine mai suna Taras Shevchenko a Kyiv

## Tarihi

### Tarihin farko: 1867 - 20th karni

An kafa shi a lokacin rani na 1867 wanda Ferdinand Berger (? - 1875) ya jagoranta kafawar. Berger ya yi nasarar gayyato hazikan mawaƙa, da masu gudanarwa, kuma majalisar birnin (duma) ta ba da sabuwar ƙungiyar da aka ƙirƙira don yin amfani da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na birni (wanda aka gina a 1856, architect I. Shtrom) don wasan kwaikwayo. A hukumance, ana kiran gidan wasan kwaikwayon gidan wasan kwaikwayo na birni amma an fi kiransa da Opera na Rasha. Ranar wasan farko, Nuwamba 8 (Oktoba 27 tsohon salon), 1867 an sanya shi hutun birni. Ayyukan opera *Askold's Tomb* na Alexey Verstovsky shine farkon farkon ƙungiyar. Nasarar farko tana da nasaba da basirar murya na wancan lokacin O. Satagano-Garchakova, F. L'vov, M. Agramov amma kuma makircin da ya ɗauka daga wasu manyan shafuka na tsohon tarihin birnin.

Wasannin kwaikwayo na farko sun kasance mafi yawan wasannin opera na Russia ne, ciki har da *Ruslan da Ludmila* na Mikhail Glinka, *Rusalka* na Alexander Dargomyzhsky, *Maccabees* na Anton Rubinstein da *The Power of the Fiend* ta A. Serov, da kuma fassarar Turai operas ciki har *da Barber na Seville* ta Rossini, *The* Barber of Seville ta Rossini *Auren Figaro* na Mozart, *Der Freischütz* na Weber, *Lucia di Lammermoor* na Donizetti, da operas ta Giuseppe Verdi, wanda ya zama mafi so na Kyivites.

Ranar Fabrairu 4, 1896, bayan wasan kwaikwayo na safe na *Eugene Onegin* ta Tchaikovsky, wuta ta tashi daga kyandir da ba a kashe a gidan wasan kwaikwayon ba. Gobarar ta cinye ginin gaba daya cikin sa'o'i da dama. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu na kiɗa a Turai tare da kayayyaki masu yawa da kayan wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo da yawa sun ɓace yayin gobara. Bayan gobarar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na birnin, ƙungiyar ta yi wasan kwaikwayo a wasu matakai na shekaru da yawa, ciki har da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bergonie (yanzu gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa na Rasha mai suna Lesya Ukrainka ), Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Solovtsov (yanzu Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa mai suna Ivan Franko ) har ma a kan. filin wasa na sanannen Circus na Krutikov.

### Farkon karni na 20
Bayan gobarar, majalisar birnin ta sanar da gasar kasa da kasa don tsara wani sabon gini ga gidan wasan kwaikwayon na Opera a Kyiv. Victor Schröter  ya bada shawaran hakan. An tsara na waje a cikin salon Neo-Renaissance kuma ya ba da lissafin bukatun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da masu kallo. An sake fasalin ciki a cikin salon gargajiya kuma ana kiransa *Viennese Modern* . Duk da haka, ana daukar babban nasararsa a matsayin mataki - daya daga cikin mafi girma a Turai da aka tsara zuwa sababbin matakan injiniya.

A ranar 29 ga Satumba, an gudanar da bikin buɗe sabon filin wasan kwaikwayo tare da wasan kwaikwayo na cantata Kyiv na mawaki Wilhelm Hartweld (1859 - 1927) da kuma gabatar da wasan opera *Life for the Tsar* na M. Glinka.

A ranar 14 September [ O.S, akwai wasan kwaikwayo na Rimsky-Korsakov 's  a Kyiv Opera House a gaban Tsar da 'ya'yansa maza biyu, Grand Duchesses Olga da Tatiana . Maza 90 ne suka mamaye gidan wasan kwaikwayon.  A lokacin da ake tsaka da aikin an kashe Firayim Minista Pyotr Stolypin . A cewar Alexander Spiridovich, bayan aiki na biyu "Stolypin yana tsaye a gaban ramp yana raba parterre daga ƙungiyar makaɗa, baya zuwa mataki. A gefen damansa akwai Baron Freedericks da Gen. Suhkomlinov ." Mai tsaron lafiyarsa ya tafi shan taba. An harbe Stolypin sau biyu, sau ɗaya a hannu kuma sau ɗaya a cikin kirji Dmitry Bogrov, wani juyin juya hali na hagu, yana ƙoƙari ya gyara kansa. Bogrov ya gudu zuwa ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka shigar kuma aka kama shi. "Ya [Stolypin] ya juya wajen Akwatin Imperial, sannan ya ga Tsar da ya shiga akwatin, sai ya yi nuni da hannaye biyu ya ce wa Tsar ya koma." Mawakan sun fara wasa "Allah Ya Tsare Tsar." Likitocin sun yi fatan Stolypin zai murmure, amma duk da cewa bai haihu ba, yanayinsa ya tabarbare. Washegari, Tsar da ke cikin damuwa ya durƙusa a gefen gadon asibitin Stolypin ya ci gaba da maimaita kalmar "Ka gafarta mini". Stolypin ya mutu bayan kwana uku.

A cikin shekaru goma na farko na karni na 20, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kyiv Opera ya jawo hankalin hazikan mawaƙa na Ukrainian da Rasha, ciki har da O. Petlyash, P. Tsevich, K. Voronets, M. Medvedev, K. Brun, O. Mosin da O. Kamionsky. kuma shahararrun taurarin opera daga Yamma sukan zo yawon bude ido. Da yawa sabon abu don wasan kwaikwayo na lokaci ya faru a kan mataki: *Die Walkure* ta Wagner, *Sadko* ta Rimsky-Korsakov da *Mefistofele* ta Arrigo Boito .

## Jihar Ukraine
A cikin shekarar 1917, an yi amfani da gidan wasan opera ba kawai don fasaha ba har ma da majalisa. Musamman ma, a cikin 1917, an gudanar da taron Soja na Biyu na Sojoji na Biyu a cikin Opera House wanda aka fi sani da shela ta farko na Majalisar Tsakiyar Ukraine .

A lokacin Jihar Ukraine, Kyiv Opera ake kira *Ukrainian Drama da Opera gidan wasan kwaikwayo* . An gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo a cikin fassarar Yukren, musamman a cikin 1918: "Faust", "La Traviata", "Bohemia", "Madame Butterfly" da sauransu. An rubuta a cikin 'yan jaridu na Ukrainian cewa Opera na Jihar Ukrainian yana da kowane dalili da kuma yiwuwar zama daya daga cikin mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na lokacinsa, yayin da yake gargadin cewa "Opera na Ukraine kada ya sake maimaita tarihin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Petrograd, wanda ya ba da al'adun kasashen waje da al'adun 'yan kasa. ..." da kuma jaddada cewa wajibi ne a "tsara aikin opera mai karfi, kasa da al'adu". 

## lokacin Soviet
Bayan da Tarayyar Soviet ta mamaye Ukraine, gidan wasan kwaikwayon ya zama ƙasa kuma an sanya masa suna **K. Liebknecht Opera House.** . A 1926 an sake masa suna **Kyiv State Academic Ukrainian Opera**, kuma a 1934, lokacin da Kyiv aka mayar da babban birnin kasar matsayi - **Academic Opera da Ballet gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Tarayyar Soviet** . A 1936 gidan wasan kwaikwayo aka bayar da Order of Lenin, kuma a 1939 aka mai suna bayan Taras Shevchenko . 

Bisa ga Dokar Kwamishinonin Jama'a na 1926, an yi duk wasan operas a harshen Ukraine. Wannan wahayi zuwa ga kafa cikakken darajar Ukrainian al'adu da Ukrainian harshe.  Al'adar yin wasan opera a cikin fassarorin Ukrainian ta yi nasara har zuwa farkon 1990s. 

A shekara ta 1981, an yi bikin ballet na duniya a kan rayuwar Olga na Kiev don tunawa da ranar 1500th na birnin. 

## 1990-2010
A tsakanin shekarun 1991-1999, Anatoliy Mokrenko ya jagoranci Opera ta kasa. A wannan lokacin, gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya fara watsar da fassarori na yaren Ukrainian a hankali, wanda matsalolin tattalin arziki ya bayyana da kuma buƙatar ayyukan yawon shakatawa don tsira ga masu fasaha.

## Manazarta
**Bayanan kula**

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* Kyiv.ua: Ziyarar gani da ido na Gidan Opera na Kasa
* Worldwalk.info: Shevchenko National Opera House na Ukraine (Kyiv)