Seybourn Harris Lynne

**Seybourn Harris Lynne** (25 ga Yuli, 1907 - 10 ga Satumba, 2000) ƙwararren lauya ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ya kasance alkalin kotun gundumar Amurka na Gundumar Alabama ta Arewa . Ya kasance Babban Alkali na kotun daga 1953 zuwa 1973. A lokacin mutuwarsa, shi ne alkali mafi daɗewa a kan kujerar tarayya kuma alkali na ƙarshe da Shugaba Truman ya naɗa. Alkali Lynne ya yi aiki daga 1946 zuwa 2000, kodayake shekaru 27 na ƙarshe nasa suna cikin babban matsayi .

## Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi Lynne a Decatur, Alabama, a shekarar 1907. Mahaifinsa, Seybourn Arthur Lynne, lauya ne wanda ya yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai ta Alabama da Majalisar Dattawa ta Alabama .  Lynne ya sami digirin farko na Kimiyya daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Alabama (wanda yanzu ita ce Jami'ar Auburn ) a shekarar 1927 inda ya yi fice a fannin ƙwallon ƙafa da kuma waƙa.  Ya sami digirin farko na Shari'a daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Alabama a shekarar 1930. Ya yi aiki a Decatur daga 1930 zuwa 1934 tare da mahaifinsa Seybourn Arthur Lynne. 

A shekarar 1934, an zaɓe shi a matsayin alkali a gundumar Morgan .  An zaɓe shi a matsayin alkali a Kotun Hukunta ta Takwas ta Alabama a shekarar 1940. A shekarar 1942, Lynne ya shiga Rundunar Sojan Amurka, inda ya yi aiki a Rundunar Lauya ta Janar a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . Ya yi aiki har zuwa shekarar 1946 kuma ya ci gaba da samun matsayi na Laftanar Kanar kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Tauraron Tagulla don Jarumi.  

## Hukumar shari'a ta tarayya
A ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1945, Shugaba Harry S. Truman ya naɗa Lynne a matsayin kujera a Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Arewa ta Alabama wadda Alkali Thomas Alexander Murphree ya bari. Majalisar Dattawan Amurka ta amince da Lynne a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1945, kuma ta karɓi kwamitin a ranar 3 ga Janairu, 1946. A shekarar 1953, ya zama Babban Alkalin Kotun.

Lynne ya shiga cikin shari'o'in kare hakkin jama'a da dama a lokacin aikinsa. A ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1956, a shari'ar *Browder da Gayle*, Kotun Gundumar ta yanke hukunci 2-1 cewa wariyar bas ta saɓa wa kundin tsarin mulki a ƙarƙashin Sashe na Kariya Daidaito na Kwaskwarima ta 14 ga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka. Lynne ya rubuta ra'ayin da ba ya goyon bayan hakan a shari'ar.  A wannan shari'ar, rashin amincewar Lynne ya dogara ne akan imaninsa cewa *Brown da Hukumar Ilimi* sun raba wuraren ilimi kawai; amma ga sauran ayyukan jama'a *Plessy da Ferguson* ya ci gaba da aiki. Wannan ita ce shari'ar farko da ta faɗaɗa wariyar zuwa ƙarin wurare, ta yadda ta soke hukuncin Kotun Koli a *Plessy* .  

A shekarar 1957, a shari'ar *Baldwin da Morgan*, Alkali Lynne ya ƙi ba da umarnin a raba ɗakunan jira a Tashar Tashar Birmingham bayan an kama baƙar fata biyu mazauna saboda amfani da wuraren da fararen fata kawai ke amfani da su. Lauyan masu ƙara, Oscar Adams, ya nemi a yanke hukunci a takaice don a raba ɗakunan jira. Ra'ayinsa shi ne cewa babu wata doka da ta tilasta wa fasinjoji su lura da alamun, don haka duk da cewa kama su bai dace ba, babu wani mataki da za a ɗauka domin ba a raba wannan doka da doka ba.   Kotun Ɗaukaka Ƙara ta Amurka ta yanke hukuncinsa a kan ƙara a shekarar 1961. 

Lynne ta saurari shari'o'i biyu kan raba gardama a makarantu a Birmingham, *tsakanin Shuttlesworth da Birmingham Board of Education* a shekarar 1958 da kuma *Armstrong da Birmingham Board of Education* a shekarar 1963. A shari'o'in biyu, makarantun Birmingham ba su nuna bambanci kan shiga makarantu bisa launin fata ba, amma sun aiwatar da gwajin nasara wanda ya haifar da hana ɗaliban baƙar fata shiga makarantun fararen fata. Lynne ta ƙi buƙatar mai ƙara na soke ƙa'idodin shiga makarantu saboda masu ƙara ba su gama da dukkan hanyoyin magance su ba. Bayan an ɗaukaka ƙarar, Kotun Biyar ta soke hukuncin Lynne ta kuma umarce shi da ya bayar da hukuncin raba gardama a makarantun.   A matsayin ƙarin matsala, Lynne, a matsayin Babban Alkali, ya kafa wata doka ta tsari cewa lauyoyin da ba sa cikin jihar dole ne su yi hulɗa da wani kamfanin lauyoyi na gida don su yi jayayya a kotu. A wani shari'a, an matsa wa wani lauya na gida ya yanke alaƙarsa da lauyoyin baƙar fata, wanda hakan ya hana su damar a saurari shari'o'in a Kotun Lynne.  

A watan Yunin 1963, ya umarci Gwamna George Wallace, wanda ya yi alƙawarin toshe ƙofofin shiga Jami'ar Alabama don hana ɗaliban baƙar fata yin rijista, da ya bar Vivian Malone Jones da James Hood su shiga jami'ar, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen wariya a wannan cibiyar. Hukuncin Lynne ya jaddada cewa dole ne a kiyaye doka da oda kuma Wallace ba zai iya hana aiwatar da dokoki ba.  

Ra'ayinsa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam ya ɗan canza kaɗan bayan lokaci. A *shari'ar Washington da Lee* na 1966, kotunsa ta soke wariyar launin fata a gidajen yari, tana buƙatar haɗa dukkan wurare. Kotun Koli ta amince da hukuncinsa a 1968.

A shekarar 1973, Alkali Lynne ta karɓi mukamin babban jami'i kuma ta ci gaba da sauraron ƙararraki har zuwa shekarar 2000. A shekarar 1995, an sake wa kotun tarayya da ke Decatur, Alabama suna don girmama shi. 

## Rayuwa ta Kai da Mutuwa
Lynne ta auri Katherine Lynne kuma tana da ɗa ɗaya, Bobbie.  Lynne ta mutu a ranar 10 ga Satumba, 2000, a Birmingham.