open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Mustafa Abu Sway

**Mustafa Abu Sway** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1958) masanin addinin Musulunci ne na Palasdinawa kuma shine mai riƙe da kujerar farko don Nazarin Ayyukan Al Ghazali a al-Masjid al-Aqsa da Jami'ar al-Quds a Urushalima .  

## Rayuwa
An haifi Mustafa Abu Sway a Amman a shekara ta 1958. Ya sami karatunsa a Jami'ar Baitalami da Kwalejin Boston a Amurka. Abu Sway ya koyar a Malaysia" id="mwHQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="International Islamic University Malaysia">Jami'ar Musulunci ta Duniya a Malaysia kuma ya kasance malamin Fulbright mai ziyara a Kwalejin girmamawa ta Wilkes na Jami'ar Atlantic ta Florida .  Ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa mai ziyara na Nazarin Musulunci a Kwalejin Bard da ke New York kuma a matsayin mataimakin farfesa na Falsafa da Nazarin Musulmi da Darakta na Cibiyar Binciken Musulunci a Jami'ar al-Quds .  Babban Fellow na Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought, Mustafa Abu Sway an jera shi cikin Musulmai 500 mafi tasiri a duniya a cikin 2012 da 2020.

## Ayyuka

* *Masanin ilimin Islama: Shari'ar Al-Ghazali* (Kuala Lumpur, 1995) 
* *Fatawa Al-Ghazali* (ISTAC, 1996) 
* Ibrahim a cikin Addinai Uku na Allah (Usarmushi, 1998) 
* *Kitab Al-Tarbiyah Al-Islamiyyah* (2001) 

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* Shafin masanin Google
* Shafin yanar gizo na hukuma a Jami'ar Al-Quds
Syed Nomanul Haq

**Syed Nomanul Haq** (**Nu'man al-Haqq**) (Urdu; an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1948 a Karachi, Pakistan) masanin Pakistan ne kuma masanin tarihi wanda ya kware a fannonin tarihin Islama da falsafar Islama. A halin yanzu shi ne fitaccen farfesa a Jami'ar Habib, Karachi . 

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Nomanul Haq a Pakistan, amma ya shafe mafi yawan rayuwarsa a Ingila da Amurka. A Jami'ar Hull ya sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi kuma a Kwalejin Jami'ar London ya yi karatun tarihin kimiyya da falsafar.

A cikin aikinsa na tsawon shekaru ashirin, Nomanul Haq ya samar da wallafe-wallafe da aikin edita da bincike kan Tarihi da falsafar kimiyya, Falsafar zamani, Tarihin addini, tarihin fasaha da tarihin adabi.

Nomanul Haq ya wallafa littattafai da labarai da yawa. Ya rubuta a Turanci da Urdu.

A shekara ta 2009, ya ba da gudummawa ga wani taro a Cibiyar Metanexus .

Noman ya faɗaɗa dangi a Pakistan, amma danginsa na kusa suna zaune a Amurka. Noman ta yi aure tun tana 'yar shekara 18.

## Bayanan littattafai

* *Sunayen, Halitta, da Abubuwa: Alchemist Jaabir ibn Hayyaan da Kitaab al-Ahjaar (Littafin Dutse) *. Dordrecht/London/ Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993 (Cloth). Littafin da aka buga a shekara ta 1995.
* Tare da Ted Peters da Muzaffar Iqbal, *Allah, Rayuwa, da Cosmos: Ra'ayoyin Theistic .* Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2002.
* *Harris Khalique, Zaɓuɓɓukan Ayoyi, tare da Gabatarwa da Bayani* (a cikin Urdu). Karachi: Maktaba-e Daniyal, 2006.
* Refiner's Fire: Wasu Tunanin Neville, Postmodernism, da Tends in Discourses on Islam a cikin P. Heltzel da A. Yong eds. *Theology in a Global Context: Essays in Honor of [[Robert Neville.|Robert Neville]] .* New York/London: Ci gaba, T & T Clark International, 2004.
* *Musulunci da [[Ecology|Muhalli]]: Zuwa ga Maidowa da sake ginawa*. Daedalus. Fall 2001. Fashewa. 130, Na 4, 141-177.
* *Kimiyya da Magunguna*. Sabon Tarihin Islama na Cambridge . Fashewa. 3, Michael Cook ed. -a cikin jagora. Cambridge: Jami'ar Cambridge Press, 2007.

## Manazarta
Ibn Ashir

**Abd al-Wahid Ibn Ashir** (1582 – 1631 CE) (AH 990 – 1040 AH ) known as **Imam Ibn Ashir** or simply **Ibn Ashir** was a Maghrebi jurist in the Maliki school from Fez, in present-day Morocco. His *Murshid al-Mu'een* is arguably the best known of the Maliki texts in the Islamic world. It is still widely sung and memorised in madrasas and Quranic schools throughout North Africa to this day.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin malaman Islama
* Jerin Ash'aris da Maturidis

## Manazarta
Muhammad al-Abdari al-Hihi

**Abu Abdallah Mohammed ibn Mohammed ibn Ali ibn Ahmed ibn Masoud ibn Hajj al-Abdari al-Hihi** (Arabic) (fl. ca. 1289) marubucin tafiye-tafiye ne na Maghrebi. An haife shi ne a cikin Haha, kabilar Berber da ta zauna a kudancin Morocco ta yanzu. Shi ne marubucin The Maghrebi Journey (*Al-Rihlah al-magribiyyah*), wani labarin tafiyarsa zuwa Makka a cikin 1289, wanda ake kira *Rihlat al-Abdari* (Al-Abdari's Journey). Ma'aikatar Ilimi ce ta buga shi (ed. Muhammad al-Fasi, Rabat, 1968). )

Sashe na *al-Rihla al-Maghreibiyya* da ke kwatanta wurare a Falasdinu Ibn Juzayy ne ya kwafe shi a cikin 1354-1355 lokacin da yake rubuta labarin tafiye-tafiyen Ibn Battuta.  al-Abdari kuma babban Qadi ne (alƙali) na Marrakesh . 

(Bai kamata a rikita shi da Mohammed ibn Hajj al-Abdari al-Fasi ko Mohammed Ibn Mohammed ibn Mohammed Abu Abdallah Ibn al-Hajj al-abdari al-Qayrawani al-Fashi al-Tilamsi, (kimanin 1258 - 1336), marubucin Madkhal Ash-Shara Ash-Shareef Ala-Mathahib, ko kuma "Gabatarwa ga Shari'ar Musulunci Bisa ga Makarantu na Tunan". ) 

## Manazarta

* Abdari, Muhammad ibn Muhammad. Rihlat al-'Abdari / ta'lif Abi 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Sa'ud al-'Abdur; haqqaqaha wa-qaddama la-ha 'Ali Ibrahim Kurdi; qaddama la-Ha Shakir al-Fahham. al-Tab'ah, Damascus: Dar Sa'd al-Din, 1999.  (Maganar MA ta edita)  

## Ƙarin karantawa

*  
*  
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*  
*  

## Haɗin waje
Don tarihin rayuwa duba https://web.archive.org/web/20091027100858/http://geocities.com/mutmainaa/people/muhammad_al_hajj.html (an dawo da shi Satumba 11, 2008) NB. Wannan shafin ya yi kuskuren ɗauka cewa marubutan biyu iri ɗaya ne.
Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Darjini

**Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Darjini** (Arabic: أبو العباس أحمد الدريجي) was an Ibadi Muslim scholar. He is mostly known for his book *Kitab Tabaqat al-Mashayikh bil-Maghrib*.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Cikakken sunansa Abu al-'Abbas Ahmad ibn Sa'id ibn Sulayman ibn 'Ali ibn Yakhlaff al-Mazati al-Darjini .  An haife shi kuma ya yi karatu a yankin Al-Jerid, a cikin abin da ke yanzu Tunisia, ya fito ne daga dangin da ke da tushe mai zurfi a yankin.

Babban aikinsa shine *Kitab Tabaqat al-Mashayikh*, wanda aka fi sani da taken Kitab Tabaqat Al-Mashaykh bil-Maghrib . Editocin zamani sun kara kalmar Maghrib don nuna ainihin mayar da hankali ga al'ummar Ibadi a Arewacin Afirka. Yawancin aikin sun dogara ne akan, kuma kai tsaye daga, *Kitab Siyar al-Aimmah wa Akhbaruhum* na Abu Zakariyya al-Warjlani.

## Dubi kuma

* Qal'at Darjin
* Ahmad ibn Said al-Shammakhi
* Ibn al-Saghir

## Manazarta
Abu Yahya ibn al-Sakkak

**Abu Yahya ibn al-Sakkak al-Miknasi** (Arabic: ابن السكاك المكناسي) (full name: **Abu Yahya or Abu Abd Allah Mohammed ibn Abu Ghalib ibn Ahmad ibn Mohammed ibn Abu-l-Hasan Ali ibn Mohammed ibn as-Sakkak al-Miknasi**; d. 22 May 1415), was a Moroccan historian, genealogist, judge, Maliki scholar and Sufi mystic. He was born in Fez into the Ibn al-Sakkak family, a Berber family from the Miknasa tribe. He was a friend of Ibn Khaldun, they both studied under al-Sharif al-Tilimsani. al-Sakkak was especially well known as author of an advice to Muslim kings, *Nush muluk al-islam bi-al-tarif bi-ma yajibu alay-him min huquq ila bayt al-kiram*. In his advice Ibn Sakkak expressed skepticism about the divine right claimed by some rulers in his time.

Ibn Sakkak shi ne kuma marubucin *Kitab al-Uslub min-al-kalam 'ala la hawla wa-la quwwata illa billah* (wanda aka sani da *Kitab al-Asalib*), littafi na farko game da Tariqa Shadhiliyya a Maroko, inda ya yi amfani da sunan "Shadhili" ga Ibn Abbad al-Rundi (d. 792/1377). 

## Manazarta
Abu Zakariyya al-Warjlani

**Abu Zakariyya al-Warjlani** (Arabic: أبو زكرياء الوارجلاني) was an Ibadi scholar, he is mostly known for his book of biographies *Kitab Siyar al-Aimmah wa Akhbaruhum.*

## Rayuwa
Tushen tarihi sun ba da ɗan bayani game da rayuwar Abu Zakariyya al-Warjlani; mafi yawan bayanan da ke akwai sun fito ne daga asusun Ahmad al-Darjini da kuma warwatse nassoshi a cikin rubuce-rubucen al-Warjilan. Tushen ya ba da rahoton cikakken sunansa a matsayin Abu Zakariyya Yahya ibn Abi Bakr ibn Said *al-Yahrasni* al-Warjlani . nisba, al-Yahrasni (ko al-Yarasni), ya haɗa shi da kabilar Berber ta Banu Yahrasn, wanda yankinsa a tarihi ya kai daga Djerba a Tunisia ta yanzu zuwa Dutsen Nafusa a Libya da yankin Djerid na Tunisia. Wataƙila an haife shi a Warglan, a cikin abin da ke yanzu Aljeriya, yana nuna cewa iyalinsa na iya zama a can bayan ƙaura ta baya.

Abu Zakariyya al-Warjlani ya sami abin biyan bukata ta hanyar noma kuma bai zauna a Warglan ba, amma a wasu lokuta yakan dawo don kula da alaƙa da al'ummarsa.

## Ayyuka
Babban aikinsa shine *Kitab Siyar al-Aimmah wa Akhbaruhum*, rubutun da ke mai da hankali kan tarihin malaman Maghrebi, tare da kulawa ta musamman ga tarihin Daular Rustumid da waɗanda suka gaji su wajen jagorantar al'ummar Ibadi. Rubutun ya kuma ba da haske game da farkon zamanin Daular Fatimid. Wannan tarihin ya zama muhimmiyar tushe ga masana tarihi na Ibadi kamar al-Darjini da al-Shammakhi, waɗanda suka dogara sosai da kayan aikinta. An dauke shi a matsayin takardar Ibadi ta farko da ta tsira game da tarihin Ibadis a Arewacin Afirka. Awad Khleifat ya ba da shawarar cewa Abu Zakariyya na iya nuna son kai ga wasu kabilun, musamman Farisawa, waɗanda dangin Rustamid suka samo asali.

## Dubi kuma

* Ahmed al-Darjini
* Ahmad ibn Said al-Shammakhi
* Ibn al-Saghir

## Manazarta

### Bayani

### Bayanan littattafai
Abu al-Abbas al-Azafi

**Abū 'l-ʿAbbās al-ʿAzafī** (Arabic) ko kuma a cikin cikakkiyar Abū al-ʿAbbbās Aḥmad Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Lakhmī al-Sabtī (1162-1236), wanda aka fi sani da Ibn ʿAzafa, masanin addini ne da shari'a kuma memba na Banu al-Azafi wanda ya yi mulki a Ceuta a karni na 13. Al-Azafi gwani ne a cikin nazarin al'adun baki (riwāya wa-dirāya). Ya rubuta tarihin rayuwar mai tsarki na Berber Abu Yaaza (ya mutu a shekara ta 1177): *Diʿamat al-yaqīn fī zaʿamat al'muttaqīn* (The Pillar of certaininty in the leadership of the God-sanin). 

Ayyukansa mafi muhimmanci shine Pearls of Verses on the Birth of the Exalted Prophet (*Kitāb al-durr al-munaẓẓam fī"l-[[Maulidi|Mawlid]] al-nabī al-muʿaẓẓam*). Ɗansa Abu l'Qasim ne ya kammala shi, bayan mutuwarsa. Al-Azafi ya kafa al'adar yin bikin Mawlid a Ceuta. Ɗansa Abu'l-Qasim ya yada shi a duk faɗin Maghreb. [ƙarin ambaton da ake buƙata]

## Manazarta
Muhammed al-Baydhaq

**Abu Bakr Mohammed ibn Ali al Sanhaji al-Baydhaq** (Faya

Taken babban aikinsa shine: *Al moqtabass min kitabi al anssab fi maärifati al ashab* (an rubuta ca. 1150).  Ita ce mafi mahimmancin tushe a lokacin. An rubuta shi a cikin Larabci na gargajiya, ana amfani da kalmomin Berber, sunaye da maganganu a cikin rubutun, yana mai da shi muhimmin aiki ga malaman Harshen Berber na zamani.

## Manazarta


* Akhbār al-Mahdī Ibn Tūmart wa-bidāyat dawlat al-Muwaḥidīn (ko. rubutu a Larabci) ed. Al-Ribā, 1971
* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] a Aljeriya kamar yadda: *Kitāb Akhbār al-Mahdī ibn Tūmart* (Algiers: al-Mu'assasa al-Waṭaniyya li-l-Kitāb, 1982) 

## Haɗin waje

* A cikin littafin nan http://alkindi.ideo-cairo.org/controller.php?action=SearchAuteur&vedetteId=5782&lang=en
* Jagora mai mahimmanci ga rubuce-rubucen tarihin Larabci (karni na tara zuwa na goma sha tara c.e.) http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=ft2c6004x0&doc.view=content&chunk.id=d0e9049&toc.depth=100&anchor.id=0&brand=eschol
Sidi El Houari

Fayil:Sidi_Houari_Tomb_in_Aghlid_-_Timimoune.jpg|People of the Sahara believe that Sidi Houari is buried in this Tomb in the whereabouts of Timimoun
**Sidi El Houari** (1350 - 12 Satumba 1439) ya kasance imam na Aljeriya wanda sunansa na ainihi shine *Ben-Amar El Houari* . Shi ne mai kula da birnin Oran a Aljeriya. Tsohon kwata na Sidi El Houari a Oran an sanya masa suna.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Sidi El Houari a shekara ta 1350 a kauyen Sour mai tazarar kilomita 20 gabas da Mostaganem kuma kusa da Ain Tedles, sannan a karkashin mulkin Marinid. [hujja ta tushe] [abubuwan da ake bukata]

Daga cikin garuruwan Tlemcen, Fes, Tunis, Makka, Jerusalem, Damascus da sauran garuruwan da ya ziyarta, ya zabi ya zauna a Oran da girmama mazaunanta. Al’ummar Oranawa sun karbe shi da kyau, kuma ko da yake an binne shi a nesa da birnin, ziyarar kabarinsa, wadda ke tsare kabarinsa, ya yi kama da aikin hajji na yau da kullun da ba za a iya cirewa ba. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need]

Yana da shekara goma ya riga ya haddace Alkur'ani gaba dayansa kuma ya samu lakabin Hafiz, wanda ya karantar da akidar Sufanci. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need]

Ya tafi Kel Mitou a cikin makiyayar Chlef don ziyarci wani Saint kuma ya sami tagomashi. Sannan ya zo kasar Oran yana neman karantar ilimin tauhidin Musulunci a Zawiya ko "majalisar" Derkaouia Mahajia karkashin jagorancin Sidi Maymun Mahaji da Ayoub, wanda ya shahara da hadisai a fagen karatun addini. Ya yi karatu a Béjaïa da kuma Fes, inda ya koyar kafin ya tafi Masar. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need]

Ya tafi Makka don aikin Hajji (hajji). Da ya dawo daga karshe ya zauna a Oran inda ya bude madrasah. Daga cikin sanannun mabiya da sahabban imam Sidi El Houari El Maghraoui akwai Sidi Ibrahim Tazi da Sidi Said (marabout na Hassi El Ghella). [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need]

Sidi El Houari ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Satumba, 1439. An binne shi a Aghlad kusa da Timoun. [hujja ta tushe] [abubuwan da ake bukata]

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

## Manazarta
Kimiyya ta Musulunci

**Illolin Musulunci** ( Arabic         ) wani rukuni ne na ilimin addini da aka fayyace a al'ada wanda malaman Musulunci (  ) ke gudanarwa, wanda aka yi niyya don ginawa da fassara ilimin addinin Musulunci. 

## Kimiyya daban-daban

*  : Fikihu na Musulunci
*  : nazarin sahihancin hadisan Annabawa ko hadisi
**  : nazarin tarihin rayuwar masu watsa hadisi da nufin kimanta amincinsu
*  (wani lokacin kuma ana kiransa , "tushen addini"): tauhidin hasashe / da wasu dalilai 
*  : nahawun Larabci
*  : Tafsirin Alqur'ani
**  : nazarin shafewa (sassan Alƙur'ani waɗanda suka maye gurbin ko suka soke wasu sassa)
*  : dokoki don ingantaccen karatun Alƙur'ani
**  : akan hanyoyi daban-daban da za a iya karanta Alƙur'ani
*  : Ilimin Musulunci (a kan ƙarshen zamani da Ranar Tashin Kiyama (  ))
*  : ɗabi'ar ɗabi'a muhimmin batu ne ga masana Musulunci a zamanin da. 

## A cikin addinin Musulunci na Shi'a
Musuluncin Shi'a   Ana yin karatu da yawa daga cikin fannoni iri ɗaya a makarantun allo na Shi'a (wanda aka sani da hawaza), amma akwai wasu bambance-bambance:

*  (Islamic philosophy)
* *[[Fiƙihu|Fiqh]]* (jurisprudence)
* *Ilm al-[[Hadisi|Hadith]]* (traditions)
* *Ilm al-Kalam* (theology)
* *'Ilm ar-Rijal* (evaluation of biographies)
*  (Islamic mysticism)
*  (Logic)
* *Lugha* (language studies)
* *[[Tafsiri|Tafsir]] al-Qur'an* (interpretation of the Qur'an)
* *Tarikh* (history)
* *Ulum al-Qur'an* (Qur'an sciences)
* *Usul al-Fiqh* (principles of jurisprudence)

## A cewar Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali
Shahararren malamin addinin Musulunci Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali ya rubuta game da ilimin Musulunci a cikin sanannen littafinsa mai suna *[[The Revival of Religious Sciences]]* ( *Ihya `ulum al-din* ). Ya yi jayayya cewa Musulmi yana da wajibi na addini ( *[[Farilla|wajib]]* ) ya san duk wani fanni na ilimin addini da ya wajaba don ya yi biyayya ga Shari'a wajen yin duk wani aiki da yake yi. Don haka, misali, wani da ke aiki a fannin kiwon dabbobi ya kamata ya san dokoki game da zakka ; ɗan kasuwa "wanda ke yin kasuwanci a cikin muhallin riba", ya kamata ya koyi dokoki game da riba don "ya guji hakan yadda ya kamata".  Kimiyya wacce iliminta shine *[[Farilla|wajib]] kifa'i* (wasu mutane a cikin al'umma dole ne su san ta, kodayake da zarar mutane sun cika wajibcin, sauran jama'a za su sami sauƙi daga gare ta).
## MANAZARTA
Halaqa

**Halaqa** ( Arabic         ) a cikin kalmomin Musulunci yana nufin taro ko taro na addini don nazarin Musulunci da Alƙur'ani . Gabaɗaya, akwai ɗaya ko fiye na manyan masu magana waɗanda ke gabatar da jigon halaqa yayin da wasu ke zaune a kusa da su (a cikin da'ira kusan) suna sauraro. Masu halarta na iya shiga cikin tattaunawar, yin tambayoyi, da kuma bayyana damuwarsu. Yawanci, addu'o'i da addu'o'i wani ɓangare ne na irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen. Haka kuma, ana iya ba wa mahalarta abinci ko abun ciye-ciye. 

## Manazarta
Ibn Abi Zar

**Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Abī Zarʿ al-Fāsī** (Arabic) (ya mutu tsakanin 1310 da 1320) shi ne marubucin asalin tarihin Maghreb da aka sani da *Rawd al-Qirtas*,  wanda aka ce an rubuta shi ne a kan shawarar Marinid Sultan Abu Sa'id Uthman II. 

Cikakken nasab wani lokaci ana ba shi a matsayin *ibn Abd Allah ibn Abi Zar* kuma wani lokacin a matsayin *ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Umar ibn Abi Zar* . Rashin tabbas game da sunansa da marubucin Rawd ya haifar da rubuce-rubuce daban-daban da yawa da ke yawo tun daga Zamanin Tsakiya. Ba a san komai game da rayuwarsa ba sai dai a bayyane yake ya kasance malami a Fes.

## Bayani

## Dubi kuma

* Rawd al-Qirtas - nassoshi a ciki.
* Ahmed Siraj: *Hoton Tingitane *. Tarihin Larabawa na zamani da Antiquite na Arewacin Afirka. Makarantar Faransanci ta Roma, 1995.  . Wani taƙaitaccen bayanin tarihin rayuwa yana ba da nassoshi ga labaran (a cikin Larabci) na masu binciken Maroko.
Ahmad ibn Said al-Shammakhi

**Ahmad ibn Said al-Shammakhi** ko Badr al-Din al-Shanmakhi (Arabic), masanin Ibadi ne kuma marubuci, wanda aka fi sani da aikinsa *Kitab al-Siyar* . 

## Rayuwa ta farko
Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Abi Uthman Said ibn Abd al-Wahid ibn Said ibn Abi al-Fadl Qasim ibn Sulayman ibn Muhammad ibn Umar ibn Yahya ibn Ibrahim ibn Musa ibn Abi Sakin Amir ibn Ali ibn Amir ibn Yasifaw, wanda aka fi sani da Badr al-Din al-Shammakhi

An haife shi a ƙauyen al-Qusayr, kusa da Yafran a cikin Dutsen Nafusa, wanda ke cikin Libya ta zamani. Tushen tarihi ba su rubuta ainihin ranar haihuwarsa ba, wanda ba a sani ba. Koyaya an kiyasta cewa kusan 845 AH (c. 1441 AZ) ko kuma mai yiwuwa daga baya, a kusa da 860 AH (c.) 1456 AZ, amma yawancin kafofin sun yarda cewa haihuwarsa mai yiwuwa ya faru a wani lokaci a lokacin 840s AH.

## Ayyuka
Ayyukan Ahmad ibn Said al-Shamakhi mafi muhimmanci shine aikin tarihin rayuwarsa mai taken *Kitab al-Siyar* . Wannan rubutun an dauke shi daya daga cikin tushe na tarihin al'ummar Ibadi a Arewacin Afirka.

## Dubi kuma

* Ahmed Al-Darjini
* Abu Zakariyya al-Warjlani

## Manazarta

### Bayani
 

### Bayanan littattafai
Duba Bartók

Mira Bartók ( an haife ta a shekara ta 1959) marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka. Tarihin rayuwarta The Memory Palace ta sami kyautar National Book Critics Circle Award for Memoir/Abokin Rayuwa, kuma ana daidaita littafinta The Wonderling zuwa fim.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Myra Herr a shekarar 1959 ga mahaifiyarta Norma Herr.  Lokacin da mahaifinta Paul Herr ya cika shekara huɗu, ya saki mahaifiyarta, wadda ta fara nuna alamun tabin hankali. Yayin da Herr ta girma tare da 'yar uwarta Rachel, an gano cewa Norma tana da cutar schizophrenia kuma tana kai wa 'ya'yanta mata hari akai-akai.  Lokacin da 'yan matan suka kai shekara 30, Herr da 'yar uwarta suka bar Norma a garinsu suka canza sunaye da adireshinsu.  A ƙarƙashin sabon sunan Mira Bartók, ta yi tafiya zuwa duniya zuwa Florence, Lapland, da Isra'ila a matsayin hanyar tserewa daga mahaifiyarta. Ta yi zane a Florence, ta gudanar da bita a rubuce a Isra'ila, kuma ta sami tallafin karatu na Fulbright zuwa Lapland.  Har zuwa mutuwar mahaifiyarta a shekarar 2007, Bartók ta yi magana da ita ne kawai ta hanyar wasiƙun da aka aika ta akwatunan gidan waya. 

## Ilimi da haɗari
A shekarun 1990, Bartók ta buga littattafan yara da dama kan al'adun gargajiya na da, waɗanda suka mayar da hankali kan al'adunsu.  Daga baya ta shiga shirin digiri na biyu a fannin Fasaha a Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst, kuma ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1998.  A shekara mai zuwa, ta sami rauni a kwakwalwa, wanda ya haifar da asarar tunawa da hankali lokacin da babbar mota ta buge motarta a kan titin New York.  Sakamakon raunin, ba ta iya kammala aikin 'yan sanda ba, kuma kusan ta zama matsuguni. Ta fara neman tallafi daga gidauniyar fasaha, kuma ta sami isassun kuɗaɗen da za su taimaka mata har sai ta fara murmurewa. 

## Sana'a
A shekara ta 2007, an sanar da Bartók da 'yar uwarta cewa mahaifiyarsu na mutuwa sakamakon ciwon daji kuma suka koma Cleveland don su kasance tare da ita.  A cikin makonni uku na ƙarshe da ta yi tare da mahaifiyarta,  ta sami wani wurin ajiya cike da wasiƙun mahaifiyarta, mujallu da kayan tarihinta.  Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta, Bartók ta fara rubuta tarihin rayuwarta amma ta sami matsala da tunaninta saboda hatsarin da ya faru a baya. Yayin da take fama da rubutu, ta karanta game da firist ɗin Jesuit na Italiya Matteo Ricci wanda ya koyar da cewa ya kamata a yi amfani da hotuna don taimakawa wajen tunawa da tunawa da su.  Ta amfani da wannan dabarar, ta sami damar rubuta tarihin rayuwarta wanda aka buga ta Simon da Schuster a 2011.  Tarihin rayuwarta, mai taken *The Memory Palace,* ta sami kyautar National Book Critics Circle Award for Memoir/Autobiography  kuma ta kasance ta ƙarshe a cikin Mafi Kyawun Memoir & Autobiography na Goodreads Choice Awards. 

Yayin da take aiki a kan littafinta na biyu *mai suna The Wonderling,* ta sayar da haƙƙin mallakar Fox 2000 Pictures don a haɓaka shi zuwa fim a ƙarƙashin darakta Stephen Daldry .  Littafin ya yi magana ne game da rayuwar Number 13, wani ɓangare na dila, wani ɓangare na ɗan adam wanda ke rayuwa a ƙarƙashin mulkin kama-karya. 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Bartók ya auri Doug Plavin kuma suna da kare ɗaya. 

## Manazarta
Ibn 'Idhari

**Abū al-ʽAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʽIḏārī al-Marrākushī** (Arabic: أبو العباس أحمد ابن عذاري المراكشي) was a Maghrebi historian of the late-13th/early-14th century,  and author of the famous *Al-Bayan al-Mughrib*, an important medieval history of the Maghreb and Al-Andalus (now the Iberian Peninsula) written in 1312.

An haifi Ibn Idhāri kuma ya zauna a Marrakesh (Morocco ta yanzu), kuma ya kasance *qāʾid* ('kwamanda') na Fez . Ba a san komai game da rayuwarsa ba. Ayyukansa guda daya da ya tsira, *Al-Bayan al-Mughrib*, tarihi ne na Arewacin Afirka daga nasarar Miṣr a cikin 640/1 AD zuwa nasarar Almohad a cikin 1205/6 AD. Darajarta ga ilimin zamani ta ta'allaka ne daga abubuwan da aka samo daga tsofaffin ayyukan, yanzu sun ɓace, kuma a cikin kayan da ba a samu a wasu wurare ba, gami da rahotanni na hare-haren Viking na Maroko a kan Al-Andalus a karni na tara. Ya ambaci wani aikin tarihin rayuwa game da Khalifa, Imamai da amīrs daga ko'ina cikin duniyar Islama, wanda bai tsira ba. Ya mutu bayan 1312 / 712 AH.

## Bayani

## Manazarta

* Ahmed Siraj: *Hoton Tingitane *. *Tarihin Larabawa na Tsakiya da Tsohon Afirka*. Makarantar Faransanci ta Roma, 1995. ISBN . Takaitaccen bayanin rayuwa.&nbsp;
* N. Levtzion & J.F.P. Hopkins, Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history, Cambridge University Press, 1981,   (reprint: Markus Wiener, Princeton, 2000,  ). Takaitaccen bayanin tarihin rayuwa da fassarar Turanci daga *Al-Bayan al-Mughrib* .
Ibn al-Qattan

Abu al-Hasan Ali bn Muhammad bn Abd al-Malik bn Yahya (Larabci: أبو الosan Ali bn Muhammad bn Abdil-Malik bn Yahya; 1166-1231), wanda aka fi sani da Ibn al-Qattan al-Fasi (Larabci: ابن القطان الفاسى) shi ne shugaban hadisin daya gabata. Almohads. An haife shi a Fez (a Morocco a yau) kuma ya rasu a Sijilmasa. Shi ne marubucin Kitabul nazar fi ahkam al-nazar bi-hassat al-basar[2] da Bayan al-Wahm wa al-iham al-waqi’in fi kitab al-ahkam[3].

## Dubi kuma

* Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Warraq

## Manazarta
Abu al-Hasan Ali al-Jaznai

**Abu al-Hassan Ali al-Jaznai** (Arabic: أبو الحسن علي الجزنائي) (who lived in the 14th century) was a Maghrebi historian and author of *Kitab Tarikh madinat Fas, al-maruf bi-Zahrat al-as fi bina madinat Fas* or simply *Zahrat al-As* (*The Myrtle Flower*), a source on the history of the city Fes (in today's Morocco) and its inhabitants.

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Ali al-Jaznai a cikin iyalin al-Jacnai, sanannen dangin Berber na zamani na Zenata Igzennayen (Jeznaya). 

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* E. Levi-Provençal, Fondation de Fès, Fès-Alger, Maris 1939 Wikimazigh - Fondation de Pès (an samo shi a ranar 30 ga Disamba 2013) 
* *Zahrat al-As*, Abd al-Wahhab b. Mansur (ed.) 2nd edn. Rabat: Al-Matba'a al-Malikiyya, 1991
Ibn Abd al-Malik al-Marrakushi

**Ibn abd al-Malik al-Marrakushi** ko **al-Murrakushi** (Full name: Abu Abd Allah Muhammed ibn Muhammed ibn abd al'Malik al'Marrakushi Larabci: ; ya mutu 5 ga Yulin 1237-Satumba 1303) masanin Maghrebi ne, masanin tarihi, alƙali, kuma mai ba da labari. 

Shi ne marubucin sanannen littafin ***<nowiki/>'Ad-Dayl wa Takmila***' wani littafi mai suna 9 na sanannun mutane daga Maghreb da al-Andalus.

## Rayuwa
An haife shi a cikin sanannen dangi na babban zuriyar Larabawa a Marrakech, [1] saboda haka nisba, al-Marrakushi. A shekara ta 1300 Ibn Abd al-Malik ya bar birnin Marrakech bayan kotun sarkin Marinid Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr ya zauna a garin Mansourah, inda Marinids ke yiwa Tlemcen kawanya a yunkurin kawar da daular Abd al-Wadid. Da alama ya mutu a can bayan shekaru uku, a watan Satumba 1303, duk da rahotannin cewa yana Aghmat watanni uku kacal.[2] Yana da ɗa wanda ya zauna a Malaga inda ya zama aminin Ibn al-Khatib. Na karshen ya kafa mafi yawan littafin tarihin rayuwarsa Al-Ihata akan ayyukan Ibn Abdil Malik.[2]

## Ayyuka

* *Ad-Dayl wa Takmila* ('Appendix and Supplement'): Ibn abd al-Malik's biographical dictionary da rayuwar rayuwarsa da aka kammala watanni kafin mutuwarsa. Manufarsa ta kammala ƙamus na tarihin Ibn Bashkuwāl da Ibn al-Faraḍī ta haifar da wannan ci gaba mai ban mamaki. Daga cikin tara na asali, kusan. 700 shafi, hudu da suka tsira ba tare da lalacewa ba - vols. 1, 5, 6, da 8. Sauran biyu sun tsira a wani bangare - vols. 2 da 4. Aikin yana da wadataccen bayani. Wasu fassarar da ba daidai ba a cikin furcin suna sun fito ne daga tsarin rubutun Larabci.

: *Al-Dhayl wa-al-takmilah: li-kitābay al-Mawṣūl wa- al-Ṣilah * (Rafaيل والتكملة لكتابي الموصول والصلة) 

## Manazarta

## Dubi kuma

* Abd al-Wahid al-Marrakushi

* Jerin masana kimiyya da malamai na Larabawa
Karyattupuram

**Karyattupuram** wani karamin gari ne a cikin Pattiam Grama Panchayath na Gundumar Kannur, Kerala, Indiya . 

## Wurin da yake
Karyattupuram yana da nisan kilomita 5 daga babban garin, Kuthuparamba. Garin yana iyaka da Naravoor Para, Muthiyanga, Gabashin Valliyayi da Koluthuparamb. Akwai shaguna kusan 50 a kowane gefen titin Kottayodi-Cheruvanchery, babban titin da ke ratsa garin.

Hanyoyin Koluthuparamb-Karuattupuram da Pookod-Karyattupuram sun haɗu da hanyar Kottayodi-Cheruvanchery a nan. Hanyoyi biyu masu tafiya a ƙasa da kekuna, waɗanda aka gina a wasu sassa saboda ambaliyar ruwa a lokacin damina, sun haɗa Karyattupuram zuwa Gabashin Valliyayi, wani ƙauye da ke makwabtaka da gona. 

## Alamomi
Ƙananan makarantar firamare, Cibiyar al'umma, Bankin Kwadago na Aikin Gona na Cheruvanchery da kuma kantin sayar da kayayyaki a garin.

## Sufuri
Hanyar ƙasa ta ratsa garin Kannur. Ana iya samun damar Goa da Mumbai a gefen arewa kuma ana iya samun damar Cochin da Thiruvananthapuram a gefen kudu. Hanyar zuwa gabashin Iritty ta haɗa da Mysore da Bangalore. Tashar jirgin kasa mafi kusa ita ce Kannur a kan layin Mangalore-Palakkad . Ana samun jiragen kasa ga kusan dukkanin sassan Indiya dangane da yin rajista a kan intanet. Akwai filayen jirgin sama a Mattanur, Mangalore da Calicut. Dukansu filayen jirgin sama ne na kasa da kasa amma jiragen kai tsaye suna samuwa ne kawai ga ƙasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya. 

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Waggag ibn Zallu al-Lamti

**Waggag ibn Zallu al-Lamti** (Arabic: وجاج بن زلو اللمطي, romanized: Wajāj ibn Zalw al-Lamṭī) (died 11th-century in Aglu near Tiznit, in present-day Morocco) was a Maliki scholar and jurist who lived in the 11th century. He was a disciple of Abu Imran al-Fasi and belonged to the Lamta clan, which is a Sanhaja-Berber tribe. Waggag had an eminent role in the rise of the Almoravid Dynasty as he was the religious teacher and spiritual leader of Abdallah ibn Yasin, the founder of the dynasty.

## Rayuwa
Ya kasance ɗan asalin yankin Sous kuma ya yi tafiya zuwa Al Quaraouiyine, inda ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Abu Imran al-Fasi . Daga nan sai ya tafi Sous inda ya kafa Ribat a ƙauyen Aglu (wanda ke kusa da Tiznit) mai suna *Ribat al-Murabitin* inda ya ɗauki almajirai kuma ya koyar da koyarwar Maliki.

Bayan ya karbi wasika ga tsohon malaminsa Abu Imran al-Fasi yana rokonsa ya taimaka wajen koyar da addini ga kabilun Sanhaja Sahara na kudanci, ya zaɓi Abdallah ibn Yasin, don bin jagoran Gudala Yahya ibn Ibrahim zuwa Sahara. Waggag Ibn Zallu ya zama jagorar ruhaniya na jagoran farko na Almoravid.

Dangane da motsi na Almoravid, wasu tarihin tarihi (misali al-Bakri, Ibn Abi Zar, Qadi Ayyad) sun ba shi daraja wajen neman Abdallah ibn Yassin ya yi yaƙi da waɗanda suka yi masa biyayya sannan ya umarce shi ya ci gaba da arewa don ɗaukar Sijilmasa wanda ya canza motsi na addini na Almoravit zuwa soja tare da babban burin. An kuma ruwaito cewa bayan mutuwar Abdallah Ibn Yasin, almajiran Waggag Ibn Zallu ne kawai suka cancanci a nada su a matsayin shugabannin addini.

Ibn al-Zayyat al-Tadili ne ya rubuta tarihin Waggag Ibn Zallu. An binne shi a *Dar al-Murabitin* *Ribat* a Aglu wani kauye kusa da Tiznit, Morocco inda kabarinsa ya zama wurin ibada da aka sani da "Sidi Waggag".

'Yan uwan Sulayman ibn Addu da Abu al-Qacem ibn Addu, wadanda suka gaji Ibn Yassin a matsayin shugabannin addinin Almoravid almajiransa ne.

## Fassarar sunan
Akwai nau'o'i daban-daban na sunan kamar *Wajjaj Ibn Zelu* ko *Wajaj Ibn Zelwa* . Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa babu harafin sauti na G a cikin Larabci, ban da harafin غ wanda shine harafin G a cikin Laarabci tare da sauti na G na harafin Ingilishi G, don haka an rubuta sunan tare da "ج" (j) ko "ك" (k). An rubuta sautin "u" tare da "و" wanda kuma za'a iya karanta shi azaman sautin "w".

## Dubi kuma

* Daular Almoravid
* Abu Imran al-Fasi
* Abdallah ibn Yasin

## Bayani

## Manazarta

* 
* 
* 
*
Barakah

***Barakah*** or ***Baraka*** ( Arabic "albarka") ikon albarka ne a Musulunci,  wani nau'i ne na ci gaba da kasancewar ruhaniya da wahayi wanda ya fara da Allah kuma yana gudana ta cikin hakan da waɗanda suka fi kusa da Allah. 

A cewar GS Colin, an ce Alƙur'ani yana da alhakin *baraka*, kuma Allah yana iya bai wa annabawa da waliyyai *baraka* . An ce Muhammadu da zuriyarsa suna da baiwa ta musamman. Waɗannan mutane na musamman, ko da suna raye ko matattu, za su iya mayar da *barakarsu* ga talakawa. 

An ce wurare masu tsarki suna ɗauke da *baraka* kuma suna korar mugayen ruhohi, don haka sau da yawa ana ziyartar gidajen ibada da haikalin Sufi don kariya daga aljanu. 

An kuma bayyana *Barakah* a matsayin ƙarfin albarka na halitta da haihuwa, wanda ke sa hatsi su yawaita ta hanyar mu'ujiza. 

Kiristocin da ke jin harshen Larabci, musamman al'ummar Coptic Orthodox a Masar, suna amfani da wannan ra'ayi don nufin ikon tsarki wanda ake kyautata zaton yana fitowa daga waliyyai da wuraren tarihi da kayan tarihi masu tsarki a gare su. Abubuwan tarihi da wurare suna ɗauke da *baraka* bisa ga kusancinsu na zahiri ko na misali ga mutum mai tsarki. Dangane da dogon tarihin Masar na wurare masu tsarki da siffofi da manyan addinan ta ke girmamawa, Copts sun yi imanin cewa fa'idodin *baraka* ba su takaita ga membobin Cocin Coptic kawai ba, kuma mabiyan Musulunci da sauran ƙungiyoyin Kiristanci za su iya samun albarka daga haɗuwa da kayan tarihi da wurare masu tsarki. 

## Manazarta
Al-Burooj

**Al-Buruj**  ( Arabic, "Babban Tauraro") sura ce ta tamanin da biyar (*[[surah]]*) ta Alqur'ani, mai *ayoyi* 22 ko ayoyi.  Kalmar "Al-Burooj" a cikin ayar farko yawanci ana fassara ta a matsayin 'taurari', ko kuma musamman, 'taurari masu girma'.  Kalmar Al-Burooj jam'i ce ta Burj, wanda ke nufin kagara ko hasumiya; wani abu da za a iya gani daga nesa.

## Takaitaccen Bayani
Sura ta fara da rantsuwa da sama mai cike da taurari.

* **4-7** An la'anci "masu rami" (masu tsananta wa masu imani) da wuta
* **8-9** An tsananta wa masu bi saboda imaninsu ga Allah
* **10-12** Ga kafirai wuta ce, amma ga muminai Aljanna ce.
* **13-16** Allah ne Mahalicci kuma Mamallakin sararin samaniya
* **17-20** Fir'auna da Samudawa sun zama misalai don gargaɗi ga waɗanda suka ƙi shiriyar Allah.
* **21** An ajiye Alqur'ani a kan allunan da aka tsare 

## Tafsirin

### Mutane 4-8 na Ramin
Masu fassara sun ba da nau'ikan labarin daban-daban da za a iya ambaton su a cikin ayoyi na 4-8: tsananta wa Kiristoci da Dhu Nuwas ya yi a Yemen, tsanantawa da Nebuchadnezzar ya yi, da kuma mutanen magudanar ruwa. An rubuta cewa Dhu Nuwas ya ƙone Kiristoci 20,000 da rai a cikin rami mai ƙonewa saboda sun ƙi shiga Yahudanci. 

### 22 'Kwamfutar da aka kiyaye'
Masu tafsirin Alqur'ani sun samar da fassarori daban-daban na kalmar 'kwamfutar da aka kiyaye' a aya ta 22. A cikin wannan sura dangantakar Alqur'ani da 'Kwamfutar da aka kiyaye' tana da alaƙa da dangantakar taurari 'Al-Buruj' da sammai 'Al-Sama'. Wasu daga cikin Mu'tazila sun yi jayayya cewa an ƙirƙiri wahayi da farko a cikin kwamfutar da aka kiyaye. 'Kwamfutar da aka kiyaye' da alama tana kusa da wani kalma, 'Uwar dukkan littattafai' ( *umm al-kitab* ), da aka ambata a cikin Ar-Ra'd 13:39 da Az-Zukhruf 43:4. 

## Hadisi
Ibn 'Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhaj, Al-Hasan al-Basri,  Qatadah da As-Suddi sun ce Burj yana nufin taurari.  Ibn Jareer ya zaɓi ra'ayin cewa yana nufin matsayin rana da wata, waɗanda Buroj goma sha biyu ne. Rana tana tafiya ta kowace Burj a cikin wata ɗaya. Wata yana tafiya ta kowace Burj a cikin kwana biyu da uku, wanda ke yin jimillar matsayi ashirin da takwas, kuma yana ɓoye na dare biyu [yana mai da wata kusan 30].

## Manazarta
Abd al-Wahid al-Marrakushi

Abd al-Wahid al-Marrakushi (Larabci: عبد واحد المراكشي; c. 1185 – c. 1262) masanin tarihin Maghrebi ne wanda ya rayu a zamanin Almohad.

## Rayuwa
An haifi Abdelwahid a Marrakesh a c. A shekarar 1185 a zamanin Yaqub al-Mansur, a shekara ta 1194 ya koma Fez don ci gaba da karatunsa, amma ya ci gaba da tafiye-tafiye tsakanin garuruwan biyu don neman ilimi. A shekara ta 1206 ya tafi Al-Andalus inda ya zauna na tsawon shekaru tara kafin ya koma Marrakesh. A shekara ta 1224 ya kammala Kitab al-mujib fi talkhis akhbar ahl-maghrib (Littafi mai dadi a cikin takaita tarihin Maghrib), tarihin daular Almohad da kuma daular Almoravid da ta gabata tare da takaitaccen tarihin Andalus tun daga yakin musulmi har zuwa 12. An rubuta littafin a cikin ruhu mai haske tare da labarai masu yawa; Abdelwahid ya bayyana cewa manufarsa ita ce fadakarwa da kuma nishadantar da daliban ta hanyar takaitaccen bayani tun da littattafan tarihin ilimi sukan yi tsayi fiye da kima wanda wani lokaci kan iya gajiyar da mai karatu. Littafin ya kunshi bayanai masu kima game da Ibn Rushd (wanda ya yi zamani da Abdelwahid) da kuma bayanan da aka dauko kai tsaye daga rumbun adana bayanai na Almohad, da sarakuna daban-daban da kuma bayanan abubuwan da marubucin ya gani.

Kodayake ya yi rantsuwa da girmamawa ga ƙungiyar Almohad da ƙabilar da ta kafa, Masmuda, littafin ya kasance mai ma'ana saboda ya ƙunshi zargi game da ayyukan wasu sarakuna da kuma labarin tsaka-tsaki na wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Ibn Tumart da koyarwarsa. Wani bangare na wannan shine labarin game da Almoravids, wadanda suka kasance abokan hamayya na Almohads, amma an yaba musu da kyawawan ayyukansu. Bugu da ƙari, an ba da rahoton abubuwan da suka faru tsakanin sarakunan Almohad yadda ya kamata, sabanin Ibn Abi Zar, ya rubuta ƙarni guda daga baya a ƙarƙashin Marinids, wanda ya bar bayar da rahoto game da manyan makirci da tawaye da suka faru a lokacin rayuwarsa.

Abdelwahid ya gama rayuwarsa a Misira, kamar yadda ya ruwaito a cikin littafinsa cewa abubuwan da suka faru daga baya na Almohads ba su kai masa ga cikakkun bayanai ba tun lokacin da ya tafi.

## Manazarta

## Bayanan littattafai

* Abdel Wahid al-Marrakushi, Tarihin Almohades, wanda ya riga ya wuce ta hanyar zane-zane na tarihin Spain daga lokacin cin nasara har zuwa mulkin Yúsof ibn-Téshúfin, da kuma tarihin Almoravides, ed. R.P.A. Dozy, 1968 (sake buga bugu na biyu, Leyden 1881; bugu na farko, Leyden 1847)
Abu Muhammad Salih al-Majiri

****Abu Muhammad Salih** ibn Yansaran Said ibn Ghafiyyan ibn al-Haj Yahya al-Dukkali al-Majiri** (Arabic) (wani lokacin ana rubuta **al-Magiri**), wanda aka fi sani da Abu Muhammad Salihi (1155-1234), ya kasance mai tsarki na Maghrebi kuma ɗaya daga cikin magajin Abu Madyan.  Ya kasance mai kula da Safi kuma ya rayu a lokacin mulkin Almohad Caliphate . 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Salih a shekara ta 1155 a garin Asfi (Safi). Iyalinsa dangin Berber ne da suka zauna a Asfi a tsakiyar karni na 11. Sun kasance daga kabilar Banu Hayy, wato kabilar Banu Nasr, kabilar Banu Magir, kabilar Masmuda Berber ta Kudu. Ya yi karatu a wurin Abu Abdallah Mohammed Amghar a Ribat Shakir[2]. Ya bar Asfi a c. 1180 ya yi karatu a Alexandria, inda ya yi shekaru ashirin. A cikin c. 1194,[3] sannan ya kafa ribat a Safi (a kasar Morocco a yau).[4]

## Manazarta


## Bayanan littattafai

* Y. Benhima: "Cibiyar mazauna da kuma tsara yankin yankin Safi a zamanin Almohad", a cikin: Los Almohades, Problemas y Perspectivas*Almohades, Matsaloli da Ra'ayoyi*
* Abu Muhammad Silih, *Al-Manaqib wa-l-ta'rikh*, Rabat, 1990
Shaqroun Al-Wajdiji al-Tilimsani

**Shaqroun Al-Wajdiji Al-Tilimsani** (Arabic: شقرون الوجديجي التلمساني) was a prominent Maliki jurist originally from Tlemcen. Born around c. 1503 and died c. 1574 in Fez, he was nicknamed *[[Imam Malik Ibn Anas|Malik]] al-Saghir* (young Malik) during his time due to his exceptional expertise in Maliki jurisprudence. In 1559, he left Tlemcen for Fez due to the prevailing political instability.

A Fez, Saadian Sultan Abdallah El-Ghalib ya nada shi a matsayin mufti. Ya kuma koyar a cikin fadar sarauta, inda dalibai da yawa suka amfana daga iliminsa har zuwa mutuwarsa.

## Tarihin rayuwa
Cikakken sunansa shine Mohamed Shaqroun Ben HibatallAH Al-Wajdiji, wanda ya samo asali ne daga Tlemcen, wanda ya ba shi sunan mahaifiyar *al-Tilimsani* . An haife shi a cikin 908 AH (1502-1503). Ya kasance Mufti na garinsu kafin ya yi hijira zuwa Fez a kusa da 1559, yana bin misalin yawancin masanan Tlemcen.  Wannan ƙaura ta haifar da rikice-rikicen cikin gida waɗanda suka addabi shekarun ƙarshe na Masarautar Zayyanid, waɗanda aka kama tsakanin matsin Banū Wattas zuwa yamma da Ottomans zuwa gabas, suna haifar da yanayi na rashin kwanciyar hankali da ƙuntataccen 'yanci.

A Fez, Sultan Abdallah El-Ghalib ya karɓi Shaqroun da farin ciki, wanda ya kawo shi cikin kotunsa kuma ya nada shi a matsayin Mufti na Marrakech da kwamandan kimiyya a yankin. Shaqroun ya raba iliminsa a *majalis* (taron ilimi), wanda ya ja hankalin malamai da yawa, gami da Sultan da kansa.

An san shi da umarninsa na musamman na Malik_school" id="mwMA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Maliki school">Shari'ar Maliki, ya sami laƙabi *Malik Al-Saghir* ("ƙaramin Malik"). Ya kuma kasance ƙwararre a cikin fasahar magana (*al-Bayan*, reshe na maganganu Larabci) da ma'ana. Bayan kotun, ya koyar da *Mukhtasar* na Ibn al-Hajib, sanannen rubutu a cikin shari'ar Maliki. 

Masanin Fassi Ahmed al-Mandjur ya bayyana shi kamar haka: "Kyakkyawan masanin, abokin aiki, mufti, mai wa'azi... Na amfana daga koyarwarsa a cikin al'amuran imani, shari'a, hadisi, adabi, da sauran fannoni da yawa*. "* Ibrahim al-Chawi yana daga cikin sanannun almajiransa. 

Shaqroun Al-Tilimsani ya mutu a cikin 982 AH (1574) yana da shekaru 74 a Fez . 

## Ayyuka

* Bayani na al-Arjūzah al-Tilimsāniyah fi al-Fara'id na Abu Ishaq al-Ansari al-Tilimasani.

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin masu shari'a na Musulunci
* Jerin masu ilimin tauhidin Musulmi

## Manazarta
Yahya Ibn Ibrahim

Yahya Ibn Ibrahim (Larabci: يحيى بن إبراهيم الجدالي) (c. 1048) shi ne shugaban kabilar Godala a yankin Adrar da ke kasar Mauritaniya ta zamani. Babban mahimmancin Yahya Ibn Ibrahim shine cikin haɗin gwiwarsa da Abdallah ibn Yasin, masanin tauhidin musulmi na Berber wanda tare da shi ya kafa ƙungiyar Almoravid. Yahya Ibn Ibrahim shine sarki Almorawi na farko. Wanda ya gaje shi Yahya bn Umar ya kasance dan autansa.

## Tarihi
Yahya Ibn Ibrahim dan kabilar Godala ne[1] kuma dan asalin garin Adrar ne a kasar Mauritaniya[2]. Godala kabilar Berber ne na kungiyar kabilar Sanhaja. Sun zauna a cikin hamadar Sahara mafi kusa da bakin teku, bayan Lamtuna. Wadannan kabilu sun tashi ne don shelar gaskiya, don tunkude zalunci da soke duk wani harajin da ba na canonical ba (magarim). Su Ahlus-Sunnah ne, matsananciyar riko da mazhabar Malik bn Anas.

Abdallah ibn Yasin ya fara kiran mutane zuwa Jihad kuma ya sa su yi shelar gaskiya.

Kamar yadda Al-Bakri Yahya Ibn Ibrahim ya bayyana ya tafi Hajji zuwa Makka kuma a lokacin da ya dawo ya sadu da wani lauya (Al-Fasi" id="mwRQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Abu Imran al-Fasi">Abu Imran al-Fasi). Al-Fasi yana da sha'awar Koyarwar addini da al'adun ƙasar Ibrahim. Al-Fasi ya sami Ibrahim "cikakken jahilci, ko da yake yana da sha'awar koyo, cike da kyakkyawar niyya da kuma bangaskiya" 

Daga Al-Bakri:

Abu Imran bai sami kowa daga cikin wadanda ya ga sun dace ba. Don haka ya aika Ibrahim don neman Waggag Ibn Zalwi na Maluksus  Ibrahim ya bi shawarar Abu Imran kuma ya ziyarci Zalwi. Zalwi ya ba da shawarar wani mutum mai suna Abdallah ibn Yasin .

## Sakamakon
Abdallah ibn Yasin ya kasance a cikin Godala, amma ya ɗauki halinsu na zunubi. Sun juya masa ƙiyayya daga baya saboda sun same shi da tsauri a cikin koyarwarsa ta addini. Sun ki bin ra'ayoyinsa na shari'a da shawara.

Ibn Yasin visited Waggag [ana buƙatar hujja] who took the following action:

## Manazarta
Yahya ibn Khaldun

Abu Zakariyya Yahya bn Khaldun (c. 1333 – 1378/9) masanin tarihi musulmi ne na Arewacin Afrika. Kani ne ga shahararren malamin nan mai suna Abdurrahman ibn Khaldun[1].

An haifi Ibn Khaldun a Tunis, a lokacin babban birnin Hafsids, ga wani fitaccen dangin ilimi na asalin Andalusi. Babban tushen rayuwarsa shine tarihin ɗan'uwansa.

Ibn Khaldun ya yi karatu a karkashin al-Abili, wanda ke adawa da ikon mallakar ilimi ta jihar da ya yabo. Ya raba sha'awar tarihi tare da ɗan'uwansa, amma kuma yana da sha'awar *Adab* (belles lettres). A shekara ta 1356, ya bi ɗan'uwansa zuwa babban birnin Marinid na Fes, inda ya shiga cikin dabarun kotu. Ya zauna na ɗan lokaci a Bejaia kuma bayan 1362 ya zauna a Tlemcen a cikin aikin Sarki Abu Hammu II, wanda ya rubuta waƙoƙi.

A cikin 1364, sarkin Hafsid Abu al-Abbas Ahmad II ya kwace iko da Béjaïa .  An kama Ibn Khaldun kuma an kwace dukiyarsa. Ya tsere ya gudu zuwa Biskra, babban birnin Zab Emirate. A wannan lokacin, ya tafi aikin hajji zuwa kabarin Uqba ibn Nafi. Ya koma Tlemcen don ya zama sakataren Abu Hammu (*katib al-insha*) a cikin 1367  ko 1368.  A shekara ta 1370, ya sauya sheka zuwa Marinids, amma ya koma kotun Abu Hammu II a shekara ta 1373  ko 1374.  Rashin amincinsa ya haifar da kisan kai a kan matsin dan Abu Hammu kuma magaji,  . Mutuwarsa ta faru ne a lokacin Ramadan a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1378-Janairu na shekara ta 1379.

Babban aikin Ibn Khaldun shine **Bughyat* al-ruwad fi dhikr muluk min Bani Abd al-Wad*, tarihin Daular Zayyanid har zuwa 1376, wanda aka keɓe ga Abu Hammu II. Inda ɗan'uwansa ya gabatar da Zayyanids a matsayin Berbers, Yahya ya ba su shahararren asalin Alid. Bughyat yana daya daga cikin mahimman tushe, kuma sau da yawa shine kawai tushe, don tarihin Arewacin Afirka na ƙarni na 14. Ya fi dacewa da rubuce-rubucen rubuce-aikacen ɗan'uwansa. Har ila yau, yana adana kwafin waƙoƙi da yawa.

## Dubi kuma

* *Zahr al-Bustan fi Dawlat Bani Ziyan*
* *Wasitat al-suluk fi siyasat al-muluk*

## Manazarta

## Ƙarin karantawa

* [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]  (1904-1913) *Bughyat al-ruwwad fi dhikr al-muluk min Bani ʿAbd al-Wad*, 2 vols. Algiers: Kamfanin buga littattafai na Gabas Pierre Fontana. Fassarar Larabci da fassarar Faransanci.
*  
*
Julia Taft Bayne

**Julia Taft Bayne** (Maris 4, 1845 - Disamba 14, 1933) marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka wadda ta rubuta tarihin Fadar White House ta Lincoln mai suna *Tad Lincoln's Father* (1931), bisa ga lokacin da ta ziyarci gidan a lokacin ƙuruciya tare da ƙannenta.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Julia Taft a ranar 4 ga Maris, 1845, a Lyons, New York,  ga Horatio Nelson Taft, lauya kuma mai duba takardu a Ofishin Haƙƙin mallaka na Amurka, da matarsa. Iyalin sun zauna a Washington DC lokacin da Julia take ƙarama kuma ƙarama.

Ganin cewa ƙananan 'ya'yan Shugaba Abraham Lincoln ba su da abokan wasa a Fadar White House, Uwargidan Shugaban Ƙasa Mary Lincoln ta tambayi Mrs. Taft ko tana da 'ya'ya da za su iya zuwa ganinsu. Mrs. Taft ta roƙi 'yarta Julia ta kai Horatio Nelson Jr. mai shekaru 14, ko Bud, da Halsey Cook Taft mai shekaru 11, mai suna Holly, tare da ita zuwa Fadar White House don yin wasa da yaran Lincoln. A wannan lokacin, Julia Taft ta yi abota da Mary da Shugaba Lincoln. Bayan Willie Lincoln ya mutu sakamakon zazzabin typhoid a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 1862, yaran Taft sun daina ziyartar Fadar White House.

Ɗan'uwan Julia Bayne Charles Sabin Taft likita ne; yana ɗaya daga cikin likitoci na farko da suka halarci wurin lokacin da aka harbi Shugaba Lincoln a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1865 a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ford . Ya kasance tare da Shugaban har zuwa mutuwarsa.

## Aure da iyali
Tana da 'ya mace da 'ya'ya maza huɗu, duk sun tsira daga gare ta. 

## Bugawa
A shekarar 1931, shekaru biyu kacal kafin mutuwarta, Julia Bayne ta buga littafin tarihin rayuwarta, Father na Tad Lincoln, bisa ga ziyarar da ta kai Fadar White House na Lincolns. Littafin tarihin rayuwar Bayne ya ba da wani haske na musamman game da zamantakewa da iyali na Fadar White House ta Lincoln. A cikin aikin, ta rubuta game da tsoronta na farko na Lincoln mai girma, wanda ya jawo hankalinta da barkwanci. Ta kuma tattauna wata dangantaka da ke tasowa da Mary, wacce ba ta da 'ya'ya mata don haka ta sami kwanciyar hankali a gaban Julia.

Ta mutu a gidan 'yarta, Mrs. Frank H. West, a Champaign, Illinois. 

A shekara ta 2001, Bison Books, Jami'ar Nebraska Press, ta sake buga *littafin mahaifin Tad Lincoln* (  ).

## Manazarta
Lisa Beamer

**Lisa Beamer** ( née Brosious ; an haife ta a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 1969) marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka. Matar Todd Beamer, wacce hatsarin jirgin sama na United Airlines Flight 93 ya rutsa da ita a wani ɓangare na hare-haren Satumba 11 da aka kai wa Amurka a 2001, ta shahara sosai saboda ayyukanta bayan bala'in.

Ta kammala karatunta a Kwalejin Wheaton a shekarar 1991; ta yi jawabin fara karatunta a shekarar 2011 a Wheaton kuma ta kasance mai fafutukar kare kai. 

## Aikin bayan 9/11
A lokacin hare-haren, Lisa Beamer tana da ciki na watanni biyar da 'yarta, Morgan Kay, wacce aka haifa a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 2002. Bayan hare-haren, Beamer mai ciki ta yi fice, inda ta bayyana a kafofin watsa labarai sama da 200 a cikin watanni shida.  Shugaba George W. Bush ne ya gabatar da ita a wani bikin tunawa da harin. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan hare-haren, ta kafa Gidauniyar Tunawa da Todd M. Beamer, wadda abokiyar iyali ce ta fara gudanarwa.  Ƙungiyar ta nemi yin alamar kasuwanci da kalmar "Mu Yi Riga," wadda aka yi ta suka bayan da wasu suka suka bayan da wasu suka zarge ta da neman cin gajiyar mutuwar mijinta.   

A shekara ta 2003, Beamer da abokin aikinsa Ken Abraham sun rubuta wani littafi game da Todd da ƙoƙarinta na magance baƙin cikinta game da mutuwarsa, *Mu Yi Tafiya!:* *Mutane Na Yau Da Kullum, Jarumtaka Mai Ban Mamaki*,  game da rayuwar Todd da Beamer kafin hatsarin da kuma rayuwarta tun daga lokacin. An ba da gudummawar kuɗin sarauta daga littafin ga Gidauniyar Todd M. Beamer, wacce Beamer da wasu suka kafa a shekara ta 2001 don taimaka wa yara waɗanda suka fuskanci rauni. Daga baya aka sake wa ƙungiyar suna Zaɓuɓɓukan Jarumtaka. Tun daga shekara ta 2007, Zaɓuɓɓukan Jarumtaka suna fama da wahalar kula da dorewar kuɗi. A cewar Shugaban Hukumar, "[kamar yadda yake da kowace ƙungiyar agaji da aka ƙirƙira bayan 9/11], gwargwadon yadda kuka nisanci taron, da wuya ku tara kuɗi."

## Manazarta