Beavers a Kudancin Patagonia

Beaver na Arewacin Amirka (Castor canadensis) wani nau'i ne na cin zarafi a Tierra del Fuego, a kudancin Patagonia. Tierra del Fuego babban tsibiri ne wanda ya mamaye sassan Chile da Argentina, ta yadda manufofi da ayyukan sarrafa nau'ikan sun kasance na kasa-da-kasa. An gabatar da beavers zuwa yankin a cikin 1946 a kokarin da gwamnatin Argentina ta yi na kafa kasuwancin gashin gashi a yankin. Tun daga wannan lokacin, beavers sun bazu a ko'ina cikin mafi yawan Tierra del Fuego kuma an kuma gan su a Yankin Brunswick na ƙasar Chile. Lokacin da cinikin gashi ya kasa kafawa, beavers ya zama matsala kuma gwamnatocin biyu sun amince da shiga tsakani don kawar da su.

Wani rahoto na NPR na watan Yunin 2011 ya bayyana cewa beavers sun haifar da miliyoyin daloli na lalacewa. A cewar *Halitta*, shine mafi girman aikin kawar da aka taɓa ƙoƙarin yi.

## Tarihi da tarihi
A cikin 1946, gwamnatin Argentina ta shigo da beavers 20 daga Kanada, waɗanda za a sake su a tafkin Cami da niyyar ƙirƙirar masana'antar fatauci ta kasuwanci. Ko da yake masana'antu mai inganci daga ƙarshe ta gaza kafawa, shigar da beavers a cikin yankin ya sami sakamako mai yawa.

Beavers na Arewacin Amurka ba su da mafarauta da yawa a yankin. A cikin yanayin yanayin su a Arewacin Amurka, bea da kerkeci suna farautar beavers kuma suna kiyaye yawan jama'a. Wani manazarci ya lura cewa duk wanda yake tunanin shigo da beaver shima ya kamata ya shigo da berayen, wadanda su ne masu farautar beavers. A cewar wani rahoto na NPR na watan Yunin 2011, beavers 200,000 suna zaune a yankin. Wani rahoto ya sanya adadin sama da 100,000, kuma ya bayyana matakin lalacewa kamar yadda yake da bulldozers da ke ratsa yankin.

Tierra del Fuego National Park in Argentina is especially threatened, as the beavers are destroying long-protected trees.&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup> The animals have spread beyond Tierra del Fuego itself into the Brunswick Peninsula of Chile, and the government fears further penetration into continental South America. The beavers already threaten around sixteen million hectares of indigenous forest. Unlike many trees in North America, trees in South America often do not regenerate when coppiced, destroying the forest.

Kazalika da sare bishiyar, dabbobin suna samar da madatsun ruwa da ke nutsar da bishiyoyi da sauran ciyayi yayin da suke samar da tafkunan ruwa da tafkuna. Ambaliyar ruwa daga madatsun ruwa na beaver ya lalata hanyoyi da makiyaya.Masanin ilimin halittu Christopher Anderson, farfesa a Jami'ar Universidad de Magallanes, ya ce, "Canjin da ke cikin gandun daji na wannan biome shine mafi girman canjin yanayin yanayi a cikin Holocene - wato, kusan shekaru 10,000".

Binciken 2017 na masu kula da ƙasa na Tierra del Fuego da masu bincike sun nuna goyon baya mai mahimmanci don kawar da beavers da kuma dawo da wuri mai faɗi. Taimakon kawarwa ya fi karfi a tsakanin manajoji, yayin da goyon bayan maidowa ya fi karfi a tsakanin masu bincike.

== Tasirin ==

An bayyana tasirin beavers a kan gandun daji na Tierra del Fuego a matsayin "mafi girman canjin wuri a cikin gandun daji tun zamanin kankara na ƙarshe. "  Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa ga nasarar su a matsayin masu mamayewa shine rashin masu cin nama a Tierra del Fuegu .  Wani kuma shi ne rashin son mutanen yankin farautar beavers,  wanda ya haifar da yawan beaver da ke girma kusan sosai. Wani abu kuma shi ne cewa Tierra del Fuego yana ba da wurin zama na musamman ga beavers, tare da yawancin yankin da ke kusa da magudanan ruwa, kuma yana da gandun daji tare da bishiyoyi da sauran tsire-tsire waɗanda ke ba da tushen abinci da mafaka.

Lalacewar Beaver ga muhallin Tierra del Fuego ya kasance mai yawa, gami da sauye-sauyen tsari a wurin zama, gami da lalata bishiyoyin kogi, sauye-sauyen yanayi na ruwa zuwa koguna ta hanyar samar da madatsun ruwa, tsugunar da ruwa da kara yawan ci gaba da tara abubuwan gina jiki da kwayoyin halitta a cikin koguna da koguna. Mazaunan wurin ba su da ɗan ƙarfin murmurewa daga lalacewar beaver.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

Baya ga haifar da sauye-sauyen tsari ga shimfidar wuri, wani aikin da ke haifar da rugujewar tasiri tare da dukkan tsarin halittu ta hanyar lalata wuraren zama da kuma sauƙaƙe mamaye wasu tsire-tsire da dabbobi masu ban mamaki.,beavers sun shafi yawan jama'ar yankin yayin da kewayon su ya faɗaɗa daga wurin gabatarwa na asali. Tasirin ya hada da ambaliyar tituna da filayen noma, da kuma lalata igiyoyin intanet da na wayar salula, [ana binciken hujja] da shingen dabbobi. An yi kiyasin cewa wadannan matsalolin sun kashe dala miliyan 66 a Argentina kadai a shekara.

## Siyasa

Ɗaya daga cikin ƙoƙarin magance matsalar ita ce ta ƙarfafa farautar dabbar, tare da soke dokokin kariya na baya.Duk da haka, sakamakon ƙoƙarin farauta bai isa ya yi tasiri ba. Kasuwannin ba su da daraja sosai a kasuwannin cikin gida, dalilin da ya sa cinikin gashin gashi bai tashi ba a shekarun 1940 kamar yadda gwamnatin Argentina ta yi fata. Wannan rashin tallafin kuɗi yana nufin cewa dole ne mafarauta su kashe don wasanni kawai. Wani al'adar al'ada shi ne cewa ba a kallon beaves a matsayin mahara masu halakarwa, amma a matsayin masu kamanni, masu zaman lafiya, masu gina dam.

A cikin 2008, Chile da Argentina sun zartar da dokar kasa da kasa, Resolution 157/10, wanda ya kawo karshen manufofin kula da yawan jama'a kuma ya yi kira da a kawar da jinsuna daga Tierra del Fuego. An zartar da hakan ne bisa ga binciken da masana kimiya daga kasashe irin su Amurka da New Zealand suka gudanar inda suka gano cewa wannan hanya mai yiwuwa ne amma mai tsada, wanda aka kiyasta kudinta ya kai dala miliyan 33.

## Hanyoyi
Wasu masu kula da wurin shakatawa suna amfani da tarko karfe wanda ke fadowa a kan kan dabba kuma nan take ya kashe shi. Mutane masu zaman kansu suna karɓar lada don kamawa beavers, kodayake - tun daga shekara ta 2011 - nasarar ta kasance mai wuya. A wannan shekarar, jami'an gwamnati sun ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen kawo masu farauta, ta amfani da karnuka, jirage masu saukar ungulu da jiragen ruwa don motsawa a gaba. Kokarin da ake ci gaba an sanya shi cikin binciken kimiyya. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2011 an ba da fifiko a cikin Gidan shakatawa na Tierra del Fuego, ba a kan kawar da shi ba, kamar yadda aka hana kashe masu mamayewa saboda dalilai na jin daɗin dabbobi.

## Dubi kuma

* Faduwar Beaver
* Lardin Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
* Lardin Tierra del Fuego, Chile

## Bayanan da aka ambata