Favipiravir

**Favipiravir**, wanda ake sayar da shi a ƙarƙashin sunan alamar **Avigan** da sauransu, maganin rigakafi ne wanda ake amfani da shi don magance mura a Japan. Hakanan ana nazarinta don kula da adadin wasu cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da SARS-CoV-2. Kamar magungunan rigakafin gwaji na T-1105 da T-1106, abin da aka samu na pyrazinecarboxamide ne.

Toyama Chemical (wani reshen Fujifilm ) ne ke haɓakawa da ƙera shi kuma an amince da shi don amfanin likita a Japan a cikin shekara ta 2014. A cikin 2016, Fujifilm ya ba shi lasisi ga Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co. na China. Ya zama magani gama-gari a shekarar 2019, wanda ya baiwa kamfanin damar samar da shi a cikin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin.

## Amfani da likita
An amince da Favipiravir don maganin mura a Japan. An yi, duk da haka, kawai an nuna shi ga sabon mura (cututtukan da ke haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani) maimakon mura na yanayi Tun daga 2020, yuwuwar juriya ta haɓaka tana bayyana ƙasa kaɗan.

## Side effects
Akwai shaida cewa yin amfani da lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da lahani ga jariri. An nuna tasirin teratogenic da embryotoxic akan nau'in dabbobi hudu.

## Hanyar aiki
Ana tunanin tsarin ayyukansa yana da alaƙa da zaɓin hana cutar RNA polymerase mai dogaro da RNA.  Favipiravir ne prodrug cewa an metabolized zuwa ta aiki form, favipiravir-ribofuranosyl-5'-triphosphate (favipiravir-RTP), akwai a duka na baka da kuma igiyar jini formulations. A cikin 2014, an amince da favipiravir a Japan don tarawa da cututtukan mura. Duk da haka, ba a nuna favipiravir yana da tasiri a cikin ƙwayoyin jikin mutum na farko ba, yana jefa shakku kan ingancinsa a cikin maganin mura.

Favipiravir-RTP analog ne na nucleoside. Yana kwaikwayi duka gunosine da adenosine don RdRP mai hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri. Haɗa irin waɗannan sansanonin guda biyu a jere suna dakatar da haɓakawa na farko, ko da yake ba a san yadda yake ba har zuwa 2013.

## Al'umma da al'adu

### Matsayin doka
Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka ta haɓaka favipiravir tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da MediVector, Inc. a matsayin babban maganin rigakafi da kuma ɗaukar nauyin ta ta hanyar FDA Phase II da Phase III na gwaji na asibiti, inda ya nuna aminci ga mutane da inganci a kan cutar mura. Duk da nuna aminci a cikin marasa lafiya sama da 2,000 da kuma showing accelerated clearance of influenza virus by 6 to 14 hours in the unpublished Phase III trials , favipiravir ya kasance ba a yarda da shi ba a cikin Burtaniya da Amurka. A cikin 2014, Japan ta amince da favipiravir don magance nau'in mura ba tare da jin daɗin maganin rigakafi na yanzu. Toyama Chemical da farko ya yi fatan cewa favipiravir zai zama sabon maganin mura wanda zai iya maye gurbin oseltamivir (sunan mai suna Tamiflu). Duk da haka, gwaje-gwajen dabba suna nuna yiwuwar tasirin teratogenic, kuma amincewa da samar da Ma'aikatar Lafiya, Ma'aikata da Jin Dadin Jama'a ya jinkirta sosai kuma yanayin samarwa yana iyakance ne kawai a cikin gaggawa a Japan.

Duk da ƙayyadaddun bayanai game da inganci, har zuwa Maris 2021 favipiravir an ba da umarnin ko'ina don kula da marasa lafiya na COVID-19 mai sauƙi zuwa matsakaici a Hungary. Ana buƙatar marasa lafiya su sanya hannu kan takardar izini kafin su sami maganin.

### Alamar sunayen
Ana sayar da Favipiravir a ƙarƙashin alamun alamun Avigan , Avifavir, Areplivir, FabiFlu, Favipira, da Reeqonus.

## Bincike

### CUTAR COVID-19
Fabipravir, a matsayin maganin rigakafi, an ba shi izini don kula da COVID-19 a cikin ƙasashe da yawa ciki har da Japan, Rasha, Serbia, Turkiyya, da Indiya, ƙarƙashin tanadin gaggawa. Wani saurin bita-bita a cikin Satumba 2020 (nazarin karatu huɗu) ya lura cewa maganin ya haifar da haɓakar asibiti da na rediyo; duk da haka, ba a rage yawan mace-mace ko bambance-bambance a cikin buƙatun tallafin oxygen ba kuma an nemi ƙarin bincike mai zurfi.

### Ebola
Bincike a cikin 2014, ya nuna cewa favipiravir na iya samun tasiri akan cutar Ebola bisa ga binciken a cikin nau'in linzamin kwamfuta ; ba a magance tasiri a cikin mutane ba.

A lokacin da 2014 West Africa cutar cutar Ebola, a Faransa nas anda suka kamu da cutar Ebola yayin gudanar da aikin sa ga kungiyar likitoci ta Sans Frontières (MSF) a Liberia rahoto warke bayan samun wani hanya na favipiravir. An fara gwajin gwaji na asibiti kan amfani da favipiravir kan cutar Ebola a Guéckédou, Guinea, a cikin Disamba 2014. Sakamakon farko da aka gabatar a cikin 2016 a taron kan Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), daga baya aka buga, ya nuna raguwar mace-mace a cikin marasa lafiya da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jini, amma babu wani tasiri ga marasa lafiya da manyan matakan (ƙungiyar). a mafi girman haɗarin mutuwa). An soki ƙirar gwajin gaba ɗaya don amfani da sarrafa tarihi kawai.

### Nipah
Nipah virus ne a causative wakili na annobar cutar da encephalitis da ciwon huhu da kuma yana da babban hali fatality kudi . Barkewar farko ta faru ne a kasar Malesiya-Singapore, dangane da hulda da aladu a wuraren yanka da kuma bullar cutar a kasar Philippines mai alaka da yankan dawakai, yawancin sauran bullar cutar sun shafi Indiya da Bangladesh. a Bangladesh ana alakanta barkewar barkewar cutar da shan danyen dabino da aka gurbata da miya da fitsarin jemagu na 'ya'yan itace. A cikin wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Rahoton Kimiyya, an yi amfani da samfurin hamster na Siriya don kamuwa da cutar Nipah, wanda ke kwatanta yawancin nau'o'in cututtukan mutane, irin su vasculitis, ciwon huhu, da kuma encephalitis. Magungunan hamsters sun kamu da kwayar cutar ta 10 4 PFU NiV-M ta hanyar intraperitoneal (ip) mai kama da binciken da aka yi a baya kuma an fara magani nan da nan bayan kamuwa da cuta. Ana gudanar da Favipiravir sau biyu a rana ta hanyar peroral (po) na tsawon kwanaki 14. Magungunan hamsters da aka kula da su sun nuna tsira 100% kuma babu wata cuta ta zahiri bayan ƙalubalen NiV mai kisa, yayin da duk lamuran kulawa sun mutu da mummunar cuta.

A gwaje-gwajen a cikin dabbobi favipiravir ya nuna aiki da West Nile virus, rawaya zazzabi cutar, kafar-da-bakin cuta cutar, kazalika da sauran flaviviruses, arenaviruses, bunyaviruses da alphaviruses . Har ila yau, an nuna aikin rigakafin cutar enterovirus da cutar zazzabin Rift Valley. Favipiravir ya nuna iyakacin inganci akan cutar Zika a cikin nazarin dabbobi, amma bai da tasiri fiye da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta kamar MK-608. Har ila yau, wakilin ya nuna wani tasiri a kan ciwon huhu, kuma an yi amfani da shi ta gwaji a wasu mutanen da suka kamu da cutar.

### Tautomerism
An bincika yuwuwar tautomerism na favipiravir ta hanyar lissafi. An gano cewa nau'i mai kama da enol ya fi kwanciyar hankali a cikin maganin ruwa fiye da nau'in keto-kamar, ma'ana cewa Favipiravir yana iya kasancewa kusan a cikin nau'i mai kama da enol a cikin maganin ruwa. Bayan protonation ana kunna nau'in keto. Duk da haka an yi watsi da waɗannan binciken tare da buƙatar tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar gwaji.
File:Avigan-enol.jpg|Enol-kamar tautomeric form
File:Avigan-keto.jpg|Keto-kamar tautomeric form


## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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## Manazarta