Masana'antar matasa da ke fama da matsala

A Amurka, **masana'antar matasa mai wahala** (wanda aka fi sani da **TTI**) wani shiri ne na shirye-shiryen zama na matasa da aka tsara don gwagwarmaya da matasa. Kalmar ta ƙunshi wurare da shirye-shirye daban-daban, gami da cibiyoyin kula da matasa, shirye-shiryen jeji, sansanonin takalma, da makarantun kwana na warkewa.

Wadannan shirye-shiryen suna da'awar farfadowa da koyar da matasa masu wahala ta hanyar ayyuka daban-daban. Cibiyoyin matasa masu wahala suna gudanar da kansu, kuma masana'antar matasa masu wahala ta zama masana'antar dala biliyan da yawa. Suna karɓar matasa waɗanda ake la'akari da su suna fama da nakasa na ilmantarwa, Tsarin motsin rai, Rashin lafiya na hankali, da kuma shan miyagun ƙwayoyi. Matasa na iya zama "matasa masu wahala", masu laifi, ko wasu harsuna a shafukan yanar gizon su da sauran kayan talla. Wani lokaci, ana amfani da waɗannan magunguna a matsayin horo don saba wa tsammanin iyali. Misali, an sanya mutum daya a cikin shirin matasa mai wahala saboda mahaifiyarta ta sami zabi a cikin saurayinta ba a yarda da shi ba.

Masana'antar matasa masu wahala ta fuskanci abin kunya da yawa saboda cin zarafin yara, cin hanci da rashawa, da mutuwar, kuma tana da rikice-rikice sosai. Yawancin masu sukar waɗannan wuraren suna nuna rashin dokokin gida, jihohi, da tarayya a Amurka da sauran wurare da ke mulkin su. Wasu ƙasashe da yankuna, kamar Bermuda, an san su da aika matasa zuwa shirye-shiryen da ke Amurka. Baya ga ayyukan warkarwa masu rikitarwa, yawancin tsoffin mazauna sun ba da rahoton cewa Kamfanonin kula da matasa suna tura su zuwa wuraren da ke da matsala, aikin da ake kira "gooning".

## Tarihi
The troubled teen industry has a precursor in the drug rehabilitation program called Synanon, founded in 1958 by Charles Dederich. By the late 1970s, Synanon had developed into a cult and adopted a resolution proclaiming the Synanon Religion, with Dederich as the highest spiritual authority, allowing the organization to qualify as tax-exempt under US law. Synanon rejected the use of medication for drug rehabilitation, and instead relied on the "Synanon Game", group sessions of attack therapy where members were encouraged to criticize and humiliate each other. Synanon popularized "tough love" attack therapy as a treatment for addiction, and the idea that confrontation and verbal condemnation could cure adolescent misbehavior. Synanon disbanded in 1991, after its tax-exempt status was revoked by the IRS and it was bankrupted by having to pay US$17 million in back taxes.

Hanyoyin Synanon sun kasance masu tasiri sosai kuma sun yi wahayi zuwa ga kungiyoyin taimakon kai na ɗan adam kamar Erhard Seminars Training (est) da Lifespring . 

An kuma yi amfani da maganin Synanon a cikin Straight, Incorporated da The Seed, shirye-shiryen gyaran miyagun ƙwayoyi guda biyu ga matasa. : 8 

Tsohon memba na Synanon Mel Wasserman ya kafa CEDU Educational Services a 1967, kamfani wanda ke aiki a cikin masana'antar matasa mai wahala. CEDU ta mallaki makarantun kwana da yawa na riba, gidajen rukuni, da shirye-shiryen gyaran halayyar. Hanyoyin da makarantun CEDU suka yi amfani da su sun samo asali ne daga Synanon; alal misali, dogon lokaci, zaman manyan rukuni da ake kira "Annabi" sun ɗauki alamomi daga Synanon Game. :  CEDU ta fita daga kasuwanci a shekara ta 2005, a cikin karar da kuma takunkumin da aka yi a jihar.

Joseph "Joe" Ricci, wanda ya bar shirin kai tsaye na Synanon, ya kafa makarantar kwana mai suna Élan School a shekarar 1970.  :  Élan ya rufe a cikin 2011 a cikin ci gaba da zarge-zargen cin zarafi. 

Har ila yau, dabarun Synanon sun yi wahayi zuwa ga World Wide Association of Specialty Programs (WWASP), ƙungiyar laima ta wurare da ake nufi don farfado da matasa masu wahala.[1] : 132-133 WWASP ba ta cikin kasuwanci ba, saboda yaduwar zarge-zargen cin zarafin jiki da tunani.[2] Yawancin shirye-shiryen WWASP sun rufe ta Costa Rican, Jamaican, da gwamnatocin Mexico bayan bincike kan zarge-zargen cin zarafi

## Ayyuka
An soki shirye-shiryen matasa masu wahala saboda rashin bayar da magunguna masu tushe kamar maganin halayyar fahimta ko Kulawa da rauni da tashin hankali. Yawancin shirye-shiryen matasa masu wahala suna da asali na yau da kullun wanda ya fito daga Synanon, kuma suna amfani da wani nau'i na "wasan," zaman maganin rukuni. Bugu da ƙari, wasu shirye-shiryen TTI suna amfani da wani nau'i na maganin farko, wani nau'in maganin da ba a yarda da shi ba wanda ya haɗa da sake yin abubuwan da suka faru da kuma ciwo kamar fyade.

Ayyuka da yawa da aka yi amfani da su a cikin shirye-shiryen matasa masu wahala, musamman azabtarwa, an ware su a matsayin cin zarafin yara ko sakaci. Wadannan sun hada da amma ba a iyakance su ba: ƙuntata sadarwa tare da iyali da takwarorinsu; amfani da ƙuntataccen jiki da sinadarai (watau, a cikin nau'ikan magunguna masu narkewa); amfani da ɓoyewa a matsayin horo; maganin juyin gay; yin amfani da bincike mai yawa da bincike; ƙin barci da abinci mai gina jiki; maganin ƙyama; da dai sauransu.

A cikin shekara ta 2007, Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati ya buga wani binciken da ya tabbatar da dubban rahotanni na cin zarafi da mutuwa a wuraren TTI tun daga shekarar 1990.   Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Naƙasassu ta Kasa ta buga wani rahoto a cikin 2021 wanda ke ba da rahoton batutuwan da aka saba da su a wuraren matasa masu wahala ciki har da nau'ikan cin zarafin da aka ambata a sama da kuma karancin ma'aikata, hana ilimi, da yanayin wuraren da ba su da tsabta da aminci.

## Manazarta