Stephen Berger

**Stephen Berger** (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Yuli, 1939) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Amurka, ma'aikacin banki na saka hannun jari, ma'aikacin gwamnati kuma mai ba da shawara kan siyasa.  Mukamansa na hidimar jama'a a matakin tarayya, jiha, da ƙananan hukumomi ga hukumomin gwamnati sun haɗa da: Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Jihar New York a ƙarni na 21,  Babban Daraktan Hukumar Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta New York da New Jersey,  Shugaban Ƙungiyar Jiragen Ƙasa ta Amurka a ƙarƙashin Shugaba Jimmy Carter,  da kuma babban darektan Hukumar Kula da Gaggawa ta New York na Birnin New York.

Ya kasance shugaban gudanarwa na ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da na gwamnati, a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa, darektan kamfanoni, kuma mai saka hannun jari a hannun jari masu zaman kansu, haka kuma Farfesa a fannin Gudanar da Jama'a a Makarantar Digiri na Biyu ta Gudanar da Jama'a ta Jami'ar New York . 

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Berger kuma ya girma a yankin Lower East Side na Manhattan . Mahaifinsa, Saul Berger, lauya ne mai himma a siyasa wanda ya tsaya takarar Majalisar Dattawa ta Jiha da Majalisar Birni a matsayin ɗan takara mai adawa da Tammany . Mahaifiyarsa, Paula Rosenzweig Berger, ta yi wa'adi na shekaru biyu a matsayin shugabar jam'iyyar Democrat a gundumar. 

Berger ya halarci makarantun gwamnati na birnin New York, kuma ya kammala karatunsa da digirin girmamawa a fannin kimiyya daga makarantar sakandare ta Stuyvesant a shekarar 1955.  Ya je kwaleji a Jami'ar Brandeis kuma ya kammala karatunsa da *digirin* girmamawa a tarihi a shekarar 1959. 

## Shiga siyasa
Berger ya shiga fagen siyasa don yin aiki ga Adlai Stevenson  da kuma yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa na John F. Kennedy a shekarar 1960.  A shekarar 1964 ya yi nasara a yakin neman zaben Jonathan B. Bingham a majalisar dokoki a Bronx a kan Charles A. Buckley, wani dan takarar jam'iyyar Democrat a Bronx kuma mai karfin iko. Ya kasance mataimakin babban jami'in majalisar wakilai Bingham daga 1964 zuwa 1968.  Daga baya ya jagoranci yakin neman zaben shugaban Bronx Borough Herman Badillo, tsohon wakilin Amurka, a zaben fidda gwani na magajin gari na New York a shekarar 1969 da kuma takarar Richard Ottinger na neman kujerar majalisar dattawan Amurka a shekarar 1970.  

## Kwamitin Rockefeller, 1972  1974
A farkon shekarun 1970, Berger yana kan manyan kwamitoci guda biyu a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Nelson Rockefeller . Daga 1972 zuwa 1973, ya riƙe muƙamin babban darektan Hukumar Nazarin Jihar New York kan Birnin New York (Hukumar Scott) wadda ta gabatar da manyan sauye-sauye a ayyukan zamantakewa, tsarin kuɗi, ayyukan lafiya da asibitoci da tsarin gwamnati da ikon shari'a.  Nazarin Hukumar Scott ya yi gargaɗi game da gibin birane na biliyoyin daloli lokacin da kaɗan ne suka hango rikicin kuɗi na tsakiyar shekarun 1970. 

Daga 1973 zuwa 1974, a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Rockefeller, Berger ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga Hukumar Rockefeller kan Zaɓuɓɓuka Masu Muhimmanci ga Amurkawa, wani aikin bincike mai zaman kansa kan manufofin ƙasa da na duniya wanda aka ƙirƙira don nazarin albarkatu daban-daban da kuma damuwa kan albarkatu waɗanda za su tantance lafiyar muhalli da tattalin arzikin Amurka a cikin shekaru da yawa masu zuwa. 

## Gwamnatin Carey da rikicin kuɗi na birnin New York, 1975  1977
Berger ya shiga gwamnatin Gwamna Hugh L. Carey (1975  1982) a matsayin ƙwararre a fannin tsare-tsare, daga baya kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Ayyukan Jin Daɗi na Jihar New York kuma Memba a Hukumar Jin Daɗin Jin Daɗin Jama'a.  

A shekarar 1976, a lokacin rikicin kuɗi na New York, Carey ya naɗa Berger a matsayin babban darektan Hukumar Kula da Gaggawa ta Jihar New York ta Birnin New York, wadda ta sake duba kasafin kuɗin birnin na dala biliyan 12.5 kuma ta tsara wani shiri wanda zai ba birnin damar sake shiga kasuwannin bashi da kuma farfaɗo da harkokin kuɗi daga ƙarshe. 

## Jami'ar New York, Hukumar Sufuri ta Metropolitan, da kuma gwamnatin Carter, 1977 1985

### Jami'ar New York
Bayan ya bar Hukumar Kula da Gaggawa a ƙarshen 1977,  Berger ya zama farfesa a Makarantar Digiri na Biyu ta Gudanar da Jama'a a Jami'ar New York, yana koyarwa na ɗan lokaci a can na tsawon shekaru 6.  

### Hukumar Sufuri ta Birni
A shekarar 1979, Carey ya naɗa shi memba na Hukumar Kula da Sufuri ta Metropolitan, wadda ke gudanar da jiragen ƙasa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa, bas da layin dogo na masu zirga-zirga a birnin New York. 

### Jimmy Carter da Ƙungiyar Jiragen Ƙasa ta Amurka
A ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 1980, Shugaba Jimmy Carter ya sanar da nadin Berger a matsayin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na Ƙungiyar Jiragen Ƙasa ta Amurka, wani kamfanin gwamnati da aka kafa a shekarar 1974 don ƙirƙirar Kamfanin Jiragen Ƙasa na Consolidated Railway Corporation (Conrail) daga cikin layukan dogo shida da ke cikin shari'ar fatarar kuɗi kuma ya tura kuɗaɗen tarayya zuwa Conrail, da kuma sa ido kan yadda tsarin yake aiki.  

## Hukumar Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta New York da New Jersey, 1985  1990
Gwamna Mario Cuomo na New York da Gwamna Thomas Kean na New Jersey sun naɗa Berger a matsayin babban darektan Hukumar Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta New York da New Jersey a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1985, kuma ya yi aiki a wannan matsayin har zuwa 1990.  Shi ne ke da alhakin jagorantar filayen jiragen saman New York da New Jersey, wuraren tashar jiragen ruwa, hanyoyin sadarwa na ramuka tsakanin jihohi, gadoji da jiragen ƙasa masu zirga-zirga da saka hannun jari a gidaje, gami da Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya. 

Gadowar Berger wani shiri ne na jari na dala biliyan 6 wanda aka tsara don sabunta yawancin kayayyakin hukumar, wadanda suka hada da Filin Jirgin Sama na John F. Kennedy, Filin Jirgin Sama na LaGuardia da Filin Jirgin Sama na Newark Liberty, Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya da ke Manhattan, tashoshin jiragen ruwa a New York da New Jersey, tashoshin bas guda biyu da kuma layin dogo na masu zirga-zirga. 

Ya kuma jagoranci babban sake tsara hukumar tashar jiragen ruwa, wacce ke da ma'aikata kimanin 9,500 da kuma kasafin kuɗi na shekara-shekara na dala biliyan 2.2. Hukumar ta kuma gudanar da sabbin ayyuka da aka inganta, ciki har da fara ayyukan jiragen ruwa daga Hoboken, NJ zuwa New York a karon farko cikin shekaru 22. 

## Ci gaban kamfanoni da harkokin kuɗi
Bayan 1977, ya koma Wall Street yana riƙe da manyan mukamai a Oppenheimer &amp;amp; Company daga 1981  1983 da kuma Odyssey Partners daga 1983  1985. 

### Babban Birnin GE
Daga 1990 – 1993, Berger ya shiga Financial Guaranty Insurance Co., wani kamfanin inshorar lamuni na birni mallakar GE Capital gaba ɗaya, a matsayin shugaba kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa, kuma an naɗa shi Mataimakin Shugaban Gudanarwa na GE Capital a 1992. Ya kasance mai kula da harkokin kasuwanci, ciki har da Corporate Finance Group, Private Equity Investment, Railcar Services, Transport International Pool, GE Capital Modular Space da The Financial Guaranty Company.

Berger shi ne kuma ke da alhakin kafa da kuma haɓaka kasuwancin inshorar annuity na GE Capital, tare da sayen Kamfanin Inshorar Great Northern Annuity (GNA) daga Kamfanin Weyerhaeuser da Kamfanin Inshorar United Pacific Life daga Reliance Group.  Ya yi murabus daga GE Capital a shekarar 1993. 

### Abokan hulɗa na Odyssey
A shekarar 1993, Berger ya koma Odyssey Partners LP a matsayin babban abokin tarayya bayan ya shafe shekaru takwas ba tare da aiki ba.  A shekarar 1997, Berger yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Odyssey Investment Partners, LLC., wani kamfani mai zaman kansa na New York wanda ya ƙunshi ayyukan hannun jari na masu zaman kansu na Odyssey Partners.  A halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Shugaban Odyssey Investment Partners. 

## Hidimar jama'a ta baya-bayan nan
Berger darakta ne na Ƙungiyar Haɗin gwiwa ta Birnin New York  kuma tsohon shugaban kwamitin Gwamna kan nasarorin da aka samu a fannin ilimi. 

Berger ya ci gaba da aikinsa a tsarin kula da lafiya na New York kuma ya jagoranci Kwamitin Aiki na Gwamna kan Gyaran Kula da Lafiya daga 2003 zuwa 2005. 

A farkon shekarar 2005, Gwamna George Pataki ya zaɓi Berger don ya jagoranci Kwamitin Kula da Lafiya na Jihar New York a ƙarni na 21. Wannan kwamiti (wanda galibi ake kira Kwamitin Berger) ya haifar da babban sake fasalin tsarin kula da lafiya na New York. A cikin rahotonsa na ƙarshe, wanda aka fitar a watan Nuwamba na 2006, ya yi kira da a haɗa, a rufe, a canza hukumomi da kuma a sake fasalin manyan tsare-tsare. A ƙarshe, cibiyoyi tara sun rufe kuma an sake tsara su 48, a lokuta da yawa saboda ƙin amincewar shugabannin kiwon lafiya, 'yan siyasa da mazauna al'umma.  

Berger ya kuma kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Sake Zane ta Medicaid ta Gwamna Andrew Cuomo a tsakanin 2010-2011. Berger ya jagoranci Ƙungiyar Sake Zane ta Tsarin Lafiya, wadda ta gabatar da shawarar sake fasalin Asibitoci da Gidajen Kula da Lafiya na Farko na Brooklyn. 

Berger yana aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Farashi Mai Tushen Darajar Jiha da Kwamitin Amincewa da Kulawa na Shirin Biyan Kuɗi na Gyara Tsarin Isarwa, yana jagorantar jarin dala biliyan 6 na New York a cikin asusun tarayya, ta hanyar watsi da Medicaid na Jiha. 

Berger Ma'ajin kuɗi kuma memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Metropolitan Opera kuma memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa. 

Berger Amintacce ne na Jami'ar Brandeis kuma Shugaban Kwamitin Albarkatu (Kudi). 

Berger ya sami kyautar Felix Rohatyn, Hukumar Kasafin Kudi ta Jama'a ta New York ta 2023, don hidimar jama'a. 

## Maganganu
Game da aikin Berger a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Jihar New York:

"Idan aka yi la'akari da tarihinsa a matsayin wanda aka tura shi yin ayyuka masu wahala waɗanda babu wanda yake son yi, muna tsammanin zai shigo da wukakensa a kaifa." 

Mista Berger (...) wanda sunansa ba kasafai yake bayyana a rubuce ba tare da kalmomi kamar "kaifi" da "mai zafin rai" da aka haɗa a ciki ba - yana cikin waɗanda suka fara yarda cewa shi mutum ne mai tsaurin ra'ayi na kuɗi. "Ni ne," in ji Mista Berger (...) sannan ya cancanci kansa kaɗan. "'Mai tsauri' kalma ce mai ban mamaki," in ji shi. "Ina da suna na yin gaskiya ga mutane, yin tambayoyi, da kuma kasancewa a shirye in faɗi abin da nake tunani. Ban tsammanin hakan yana da tsauri ba. Ina tsammanin wannan shine abin da kuke buƙatar rayuwa a duniya." 

A wata hira da Crain's New York, ya yi magana game da gyara Medicare kuma ya ce:

ba mu yarda mu fuskanci matsalolin da suka shafi kwanaki 180 na ƙarshe na rayuwa ba. Sau da yawa marasa lafiya marasa lafiya ana kiyaye su ta hanyar manyan hanyoyin shiga tsakani, kuma tsarin mutuwa yana tsawaita ba tare da wata matsala ba. Ba muna magance buƙatun masu mutuwa ba ne, amma zato da buƙatun masu rai. Wannan ba adalci ba ne. Hakanan ba daidai ba ne a ɗabi'a, kuma yana da tsada sosai."

Lokacin da mutane suka ba da shawarar bayan badakalar gadar George Washington cewa zai yi kyau a wargaza babbar ƙungiyar da ya taɓa shugabanta, Berger ya ce: "Zai iya zama mafi sauƙi da tsafta idan aka raba sassa daban-daban na tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa hukumomi daban-daban. Hakan kuma zai zama hauka."

Tsohon Magajin Garin New York Ed Koch ya taɓa cewa game da shi: "Shekaru ashirin da suka wuce, idan ka yi magana da Steve Berger ba za ka iya samun kalma ɗaya ba. Yanzu idan kana da tattaunawa, yana ba ka damar yin magana na minti 10 a kowace awa." 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Mista Berger ya auri Cynthia Wainwright a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 1977.   Ita ce Shugabar Hukumar Makarantar Churchill  a birnin New York kuma tana aiki a matsayin Shugabar The Bridge, wata hukumar kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa.  Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Robin da Diana.

## Kyaututtuka

* Kyautar Babban Birnin NY NJ (1987)
* Kyautar Bajintar Ayyukan Jama'a don Gudummawa Mai Kyau ga Jihar NY 1989 daga Kwalejin Rockefeller ta Harkokin Jama'a da Manufofi (1989)
* Kyautar Nasarar Al'umma ta B'nai B'rith (1989) 
* Kyauta ta Musamman ga Asusun Asibitin United (2015) 

## Duba kuma

* Austin Tobin
* Richard Ravitch
* Christopher O. Ward
* Eugenius Harvey Outerbridge

## Manazarta