Yoriko Kawaguchi

**Yoriko Kawaguchi** (川口 順子, Kawaguchi Yoriko; an haife ta 14 ga Janairu, 1941) ‘yar siyasa ce daga ƙasar Japan kuma tsohuwar masaniyar tattalin arziki. Ta rike mukamin Ministar Harkokin Waje ta Japan daga 2002 zuwa 2004, sannan ta ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara ta musamman kan harkokin waje ga Firayim Ministan Japan na wancan lokaci, Junichiro Koizumi daga 2004 zuwa 2005.
Mamba ce ta jam’iyyar Liberal Democratic Party, kuma a baya ta taba zama Ministar Muhalli ta Japan daga 2000 zuwa 2002. Haka kuma ta kasance mamba a Majalisar Dattawa (House of Councillors) a karkashin jam’iyyar Liberal Democratic Party daga 2005 zuwa 2013.
A watan Yuli 2008, an nada ta a matsayin shugabar hadin gwiwa (co-chair) na wata sabuwar Hukumar Kasa da Kasa kan hana yaduwar makaman nukiliya da kuma kwance damarar su, tare da tsohon Ministan Harkokin Wajen Ostiraliya, Gareth Evans.
A halin yanzu, farfesa ce a Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Duniya ta Meiji, Jami’ar Meiji University da ke Tokyo.

A halin yanzu, farfesa ce a Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Duniya ta Meiji, Jami'ar Meiji da ke Tokyo. 

## Rayuwar farko da aiki

An haifi Yoriko Kawaguchi a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 1941 a Tokyo, Daular Japan (yanzu Japan ). A lokacin yarinta, lokacin tana da shekaru huɗu, ita da iyalinta sun tsira daga hare-haren bama-bamai a Tokyo a lokacin Yaƙin Asiya da Pacific a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, duk da cewa ita da iyalinta suna zaune a Tokyo a duk lokacin yaƙin.

A shekarar 1960, tana da shekaru 19, ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Ilimi ta Tokyo (yanzu Makarantar Sakandare ta Junior da Senior a Komaba, Jami'ar Tsukuba ). Wasu daga cikin abokan karatunta na makarantar sakandare sun haɗa da Nobuo Habeyanagi (tsohon Shugaban Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group ), Hideki Shimamura (tsohon Daraktan Cibiyar Bincike ta Ƙasa kan Polar ), Yutaka Hoshide (Farfesa a Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Showa ), Hajime Matsumoto (likitan jijiyoyin jini), da Yozo Yokota (tsohon Mai Ba da Shawara na Musamman ga Shugaban Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ).

A farkon shekarar 1965, tana da shekaru 24, ta kammala karatun digirinta a fannin hulda da kasashen duniya daga Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Jami'ar Tokyo . A watan Afrilu na wannan shekarar, ta fara aiki a Ma'aikatar Ciniki da Masana'antu ta Japan . A shekarar 1972, tana da shekaru 31, ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Yale, inda aka ba ta damar yin aiki a Bankin Duniya, kuma ta zama memba a Majalisar Shugaban Kasa kan Ayyukan Kasa da Kasa .

A shekarar 1990, Kawaguchi ta yi aiki a matsayin Minista a Ofishin Jakadancin Japan a Amurka. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta Janar na Harkokin Muhalli na Duniya a Ma'aikatar Ciniki da Masana'antu ta Duniya (wanda yanzu haka ita ce Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki, Ciniki, da Masana'antu ta Japan ) tsakanin 1992 da 1993 kafin ta zama Manajan Darakta na Suntory Holdings Ltd. a watan Satumba na 1993. An kuma nada ta a matsayin Darakta Janar na Sashen Harkokin Tattalin Arziki na Ofishin Manufofin Ciniki.

A shekara ta 2000, ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta Janar na Hukumar Muhalli, wanda Firayim Ministan Japan na wancan lokacin Yoshiro Mori ya naɗa.  Duk da haka, yayin da take kan mulki, a ranar 6 ga Janairu 2001, gwamnatin Japan ta sanar da cewa Hukumar Muhalli ta canza zuwa Ma'aikatar Muhalli, inda matsayin Darakta Janar ya zama Ministan Muhalli . Wannan wani ɓangare ne na babban ƙoƙari na ƙarfafa gudanar da muhalli, wanda ya haɗa da faɗaɗa nauyin ma'aikatar, ma'aikata, da kuma mai da hankali kan batutuwan muhalli na duniya. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin da ta yi, ta halarci a matsayin wakiliyar Japan a taron sauyin yanayi da aka gudanar a Bonn, Jamus, inda ta yi nasarar ɗage takunkumin da Japan ta kakaba wa yarjejeniyar Kyoto .

Kafin wa'adinta na Ministar Muhalli, a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2002, an naɗa ta a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Waje ta Japan, wacce Firayim Ministan Japan na wancan lokacin Junichiro Koizumi ya naɗa, mukamin da ta riƙe har zuwa lokacin da ta yi murabus a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2004 saboda sauƙaƙe sake tsara majalisar ministoci, kuma Nobutaka Machimura ya gaje ta.

An zaɓe ta a Majalisar Kansiloli a shekarar 2005, inda ta yi wa'adi biyu har zuwa 2013. A cikin shekarunta na memba a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar Babban Taron 'yan jam'iyyar Liberal Democratic Party a Majalisar Dattawa. Ta kuma zama darakta kuma shugabar Kwamitin Muhalli, darektan Kwamitin Kasafin Kuɗi da kuma daraktan Kwamitin Kundin Tsarin Mulki. Kawaguchi ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Kwamitin Tallafawa LDP Okinawa, da kuma shugabar Kwamitin Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan Hana Yaɗuwar Makamai da Kwantar da Hankali da kuma memba a kwamitin Majalisar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta Gidauniyar Matasan Shugabannin Duniya a 2008. A halin yanzu, ita memba ce a Kwamitin CSR na Gidauniyar Tokyo .  

A ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 2011, wata guda kacal bayan girgizar ƙasa mai tsanani, tsumami, da bala'in nukiliya a Japan, Kawaguchi ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar bincike mai zaman kanta, tana adawa da shawarar rage tallafin ci gaba na hukuma don tara kuɗi don sake ginawa bayan rikicin bala'i sau uku. Tun daga wannan shekarar, ta yi aiki a matsayin darakta a Gidauniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Sasakawa .

Bayan zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki na 2013, Kawaguchi ta yanke shawarar yin ritaya daga harkokin siyasa.

### Takaddama
An kori Kawaguchi, wacce a wancan lokacin babbar 'yar majalisa ce a jam'iyyar Liberal Democratic Party mai mulki, daga mukaminta na shugabar Kwamitin Muhalli na Majalisar Kansiloli lokacin da Majalisar Dattawa ta Japan ta zartar da kudurin korarta daga aiki a watan Mayun 2013. Wannan ya faru ne saboda tsawaita zamanta a China ba tare da izini ba, wanda hakan ya sa kwamitin da ta jagoranta ya soke zaman da aka tsara. 

Kawaguchi ta sami amincewar majalisar dokokin Japan ta tafi China daga ranar 23 zuwa 24 ga Afrilu don halartar wani taro amma ba tare da izinin farko ba, ta tsawaita wa'adin kwana ɗaya don ganawa da jami'in manufofin ƙasashen waje na Majalisar Jiha Yang Jiechi . Kawaguchi ta nemi afuwa ga Firayim Minista Shinzō Abe, wanda kuma shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar LDP, game da hutun da ta yi ba tare da sanarwa ba, amma ta yi zargin cewa yarjejeniyar ƙarshe da Yang ta yi don amfanin Japan ne. Wannan tsawaita wa'adin ya jawo suka da yawa daga jam'iyyun adawa yayin da Kawaguchi ta karya dokokin majalisar tare da yin watsi da ayyukanta. Duk da haka, waɗanda ke kare 'yar majalisar kamar Babban Sakataren Majalisar Ministoci Yoshihide Suga da Babban Sakataren LDP Shigeru Ishiba sun ce taron da aka yi tsakanin ministocin biyu an yi shi ne don magance rikicin yankin da ke tsakanin Japan da China a Tekun Gabashin China .  

Yuriko Koike (Jafananci: 小池 百合子, Hepburn: Koike Yuriko; an haife ta ranar 15 ga Yuli, 1952) ‘yar siyasa ce daga ƙasar Japan wadda ta kasance gwamnar Tokyo tun daga shekarar 2016.

A baya, ta kuma taba zama mamba a Majalisar Dattawa (House of Councillors) daga 1992 zuwa 1993, sannan mamba a Majalisar Wakilai (House of Representatives) daga 1993 zuwa 2016. Ta rike mukamin Ministar Muhalli a karkashin Junichiro Koizumi daga 2003 zuwa 2006, sannan ta zama Ministar Tsaro a karkashin Shinzo Abe tsakanin Yuli da Agusta 2007.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Tana da aure da Toru Kawaguchi kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu tare.

Babbar 'yar uwarta, Takako Shirai, tsohuwar farfesa ce a Kwalejin Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Chiba Prefectural kuma mai bincike kan ka'idar 'yancin mata, ciki har da Mary Wollstonecraft.

Abubuwan da take sha'awa sune karatu, sauraron kiɗa, yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara, da kuma haiku.

## Daraja da kyaututtuka
A watan Disamba na 2003, Kawaguchi ta sami lambar yabo ta "Aguila Azteca Medal" daga shugaban ƙasar Mexico na wancan lokacin Vicente Fox . Ta sami lambar yabo ta tunawa da shekaru daga magajin garin Sankt-Peterburg a lokacin bikin cika shekaru 300 da kafa birnin. A watan Maris na 2004, gwamnatin Paraguay ta ba Kawaguchi lambar yabo ta "Gran Cruz Extraordinaria" (Kyautar Shaida ta Ƙasa), kuma a watan Satumba na wannan shekarar, ta sami takardar shaidar digirin girmamawa ta Likita daga hukumar Ilimi ta Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Mongolia da ke Ulaanbaatar . A watan Oktoba na 2008, Kawaguchi ta sami lambar yabo ta Wilbur Cross Medal daga Jami'ar Yale da ke New Haven, Connecticut saboda hidimar jama'a mai kyau.

A watan Oktoban 2010, Kawaguchi ta kuma ba da kyautar "Tauraron Kudus" daga Shugaban Falasdinawa Mahmoud Abbas daga Hukumar Ƙasa ta Falasdinawa . A wannan watan na wannan shekarar, ta sake karɓar lambar yabo ta cika shekaru goma saboda babbar gudunmawa ga haɓɓaka tsaro a duniya da kuma tsarin hana yaɗuwa daga K. Kadyrzhanov, Darakta Janar na Cibiyar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Ƙasa. 

A ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 2017, Kawaguchi ya sami kyautar Grand Cordon of the Order of Rising Sun a wani bikin baje kolin bazara, wanda Sarki Akihito na Japan a wancan lokacin ya bayar.

## Manazarta