Curtis Muhammad

**Curtis Muhammad** (24 ga Fabrairu, 1943 - Fabrairu 1, 2022), an haife shi **Curtis Hayes**, ɗan fafutukar kare haƙƙin farar hula Ba’amurke ne. Muhammad ya kasance mai shiryawa a cikin Kwamitin Gudanar da Haɗin Kai na Student (SNCC) daga 1961 zuwa 1968 kuma daga baya ya koma wasu ƙungiyoyi masu fafutuka.

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Muhammad a shekara ta 1943 a Independence, Louisiana. Mahaifin Muhammad Johnny Williams ya riga ya yi aure, amma bai iya haihuwa ba, don haka ya shirya wa mahaifiyar Muhammad Mabel ta haifa masa jariri da matarsa. Shirye-shiryen ya ƙare bayan haihuwar Muhammadu lokacin da kakarsa ta shiga tsakani.  Muhammad ya girma a cikin Chisholm Ofishin Jakadancin kusa da Summit, Mississippi . Bayan hatsarin yarinta, Muhammad ya samu rashin isassun kulawar likita daga wani likitan farar fata na yankin wanda hakan ya sa shi fama da raɗaɗin raɗaɗi a tsawon rayuwarsa.

Iyalin suna da run-ins da yawa tare da Ku Klux Klan . An kashe dan uwan Muhammad bayan an zarge shi da yi wa wata farar fata fyade. Mahaifinsa Johnny ya yi aiki a matsayin mai bugawa a *Enterprise-Journal*, inda editan ya kasance mai sukar murya na lynching; duk da haka, bayan musayar wuta da mambobin Klan, an tilasta Johnny ya gudu zuwa Chicago. Kakar Muhammad ta ɗan canza sunansa na ƙarshe zuwa Leroy don hana Klan samun Muhammad. A sakamakon haka, Muhammadu yana da shekaru 18 lokacin da ya hadu da mahaifinsa.  Muhammad ya kammala karatunsa a makarantar Eva H. Harris a watan Mayu 1961 kuma an ba shi tallafin karatu a Jami'ar Jahar Jackson . A cikin balaguron bas a lokacin rani 1961, Muhammad ya ga an kama wasu mahaya 'Yanci guda biyu, waɗanda ke sha'awar motsin. 

## Sana'ar gwagwarmaya
Bayan sun ji kuskuren cewa AD King yana McComb, Mississippi, Muhammad da abokinsa Hollis Watkins sun tafi taron SNCC a watan Yuli 1961. A can suka hadu da Bob Moses, sakataren filin na SNCC. Sakamakon taron karawa juna sani da kungiyar ta yi kan rashin tashin hankali, mutanen biyu sun gudanar da zaman dirshan a reshen Woolworth na garin, wanda ya kai ga kama shi. Aikin farko da Muhammad ya yi bayan an sake shi, rangadin magana ne don tara kuɗi sakamakon kisan Herbert Lee . Bayan da aka kori wata daliba bakar fata daga makarantar sakandaren Burglund saboda gwagwarmayar da ta yi, sai ya koma McComb don taimakawa daliban makarantar sakandaren Burglund fita daga makarantar don nuna rashin amincewarsu. An yi wa da yawa daga cikin daliban da masu fafutuka duka tare da kama su, ciki har da Muhammad, Hollis Watkins da Bob Moses. Bayan tashin hankalin da aka yi a lokacin tafiyar, shugabannin al’ummar yankin sun bukaci masu fafutuka da su bar garin. Sakamakon haka, Muhammad da Watkins duka sun shiga SNCC a matsayin masu shiryawa da masu aikin fage. A watan Fabrairun 1962, abokanan biyu sun koma Hattiesburg, Mississippi na dan lokaci don fara yakin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a a shirye-shiryen zaben gwamna na Mississippi na 1963 . An sake kama Muhammad a ranar zaben lokacin da ya nemi magajin garin Charles Durrough na Ruleville, Mississippi da ya bar shi ya sa ido a wurin zaben garin. Magajin garin wanda ya kasance mai adawa da masu fafutukar kare hakkin jama’a ne ya sa aka tsare shi kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin daurin kwanaki 30 a gidan yari saboda yin katsalandan a zaben.  Muhammad ya tafi Washington DC a lokacin Maris a Washington, amma ya zaɓi yin zanga-zanga a gaban Ma'aikatar Shari'a tare da Hollis Watkins maimakon. A ranar 8 ga Yuli, 1964, Muhammad ya ji rauni bayan 'yan kungiyar Klan sun jefa bam a gidan McComb Freedom House inda yake barci.  Jim kadan bayan tashin bom, Muhammad ya tafi Afirka a karon farko.

Bayan barin SNCC a 1968, Muhammad ya ci gaba da fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a. Ya yi zanga-zangar adawa da wariyar launin fata a Chicago kuma ya kafa kantin sayar da littattafai a Washington DC A cikin shekarun 1970s, gwagwarmayarsa ta ja hankalin shirye-shiryen FBI COINTELPRO kuma ya canza sunansa zuwa Curtis Muhammad. Daga baya ya koma New Orleans inda ya yi aiki da Union of Needletrades, Masana'antu da Ma'aikatan Yadi da AFL-CIO a matsayin mai shiryawa a matakin ƙasa. 

A cikin 1994, Muhammad ya fito a cikin fim ɗin yancin ɗan adam *Freedom on My Mind* .

A cikin 2005, Muhammad ya kafa Asusun Jama'a da Kwamitin Shirya Jama'a don taimakawa mazauna New Orleans murmurewa daga Hurricane Katrina . 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Muhammad ya yi aure sau da yawa kuma ya haifi 'ya'ya 10, ciki har da (a tsarin haihuwa): Abdullah Muhammad, Isma'il Muhammad, Sanovia Muhammad (marigayi), Ivory Muhammad, Saad Muhammad, Llena Chavis, Jabari, Musa & Afrika Williams ɗan ƙaraminsa, da ɗan wasa Curtis Williams. 

## Magana