Horst Köhler

**Horst Köhler** (  ; 22 ga Fabrairu 1943 - 1 ga Fabrairu 2025) ɗan siyasa ne na Jamus wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Jamus daga 2004 zuwa 2010. A matsayinsa na ɗan takarar jam'iyyun 'yan'uwa biyu na Christian Democratic ( CDU, wanda shi memba ne a cikinsu, da kuma CSU ) kuma ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Liberal FDP, an zaɓe Köhler a wa'adinsa na farko na shekaru biyar ta hanyar Babban Taron Tarayya a ranar 23 ga Mayu 2004 kuma daga baya aka rantsar da shi a ranar 1 ga Yuli 2004. An sake zaɓe shi a wa'adi na biyu a ranar 23 ga Mayu 2009. Shekara guda bayan haka, a ranar 31 ga Mayu 2010, ya yi murabus daga ofishinsa sakamakon cece-kuce kan rawar da Rundunar Sojojin Jamus ta taka a ziyarar da ya kai wa sojojin Afghanistan . A lokacin da yake shugaban ƙasa, wanda ofishinsa ya fi mayar da hankali kan al'amuran bukukuwa, Köhler ɗan siyasa ne mai farin jini, tare da amincewar da ta fi ta Chancellor Gerhard Schröder da kuma Chancellor Angela Merkel . 

Köhler masanin tattalin arziki ne ta hanyar sana'a. Kafin a zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙasa, Köhler ya yi fice a fannin siyasa da ayyukan gwamnati da kuma babban jami'in banki. Ya kasance shugaban Bankin Turai don Sake Ginawa da Ci Gaba daga 1998 zuwa 2000 kuma shugaban Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (IMF) daga 2000 zuwa 2004. Daga 2012 zuwa 2013, Köhler ya yi aiki a Babban Kwamitin Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Ajandar Ci Gaban Bayan 2015.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Köhler a Skierbieszów (a wancan lokacin ana kiransa Heidenstein), a yankin Gwamnatin Tarayya na Poland da Jamus ta mamaye, a matsayin ɗa na bakwai ga Elisabeth da Eduard Köhler, daga cikin dangin Bessarabia Jamusawa daga Rîșcani a cikin Bessarabia na Romania (kusa da Bălți a Moldova ta yanzu).  Iyayen Horst Köhler, 'yan asalin Jamusawa da 'yan Romania, dole ne su bar gidansu da ke Bessarabia a shekarar 1940 a lokacin sauyin yawan jama'a tsakanin Nazi da Soviet wanda ya biyo bayan mamayar Poland da kuma yarjejeniyar Molotov-Ribbentrop, wadda ta bai wa Tarayyar Soviet Bessarabia. A matsayin wani ɓangare na , an sake tsugunar da su a shekarar 1942 a Skierbieszów, wani ƙauye kusa da Zamość, Poland (wanda a wancan lokacin ɓangare ne na Gwamnatin Gabaɗaya).  Yayin da aka tura Wehrmacht baya kuma aka yi watsi da sassan farko na Poland a shekarar 1944, dangin Köhler suka gudu zuwa Leipzig . A shekarar 1953, sun bar Yankin Soviet - ta Yammacin Berlin - don tserewa daga gwamnatin kwaminisanci. Iyalin sun zauna a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira har zuwa 1957, lokacin da suka zauna a Ludwigsburg . Saboda haka Horst Köhler ya shafe mafi yawan shekaru 14 na farko a matsayin ɗan gudun hijira. 

## Karatu da hidimar soja
Wani malami ya ba da shawarar cewa yaron 'yan gudun hijira Köhler ya nemi shiga Gymnasium, kuma Köhler ya ɗauki *Abitur* ɗinsa a 1963.  Bayan shekaru biyu na aikin soja a rundunar Panzergrenadier da ke Ellwangen, ya bar Bundeswehr a matsayin *Leutnant der Reserve* (Laftanar Reserve).  Ya yi karatu kuma a ƙarshe ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin tattalin arziki da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Tübingen, inda ya kasance mataimakin bincike na kimiyya a  daga 1969 zuwa 1976.  

## Aiki a cikin ma'aikatan gwamnati
Köhler ya shiga aikin gwamnati a shekarar 1976, lokacin da yake aiki a Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki ta Tarayya . A shekarar 1981, an yi masa aiki a *Staatskanzlei des Landes Schleswig-Holstein* (shugaban gwamnatin jihar Schleswig-Holstein ) a ƙarƙashin Minista-shugaban ƙasa Gerhard Stoltenberg . 

### MANAZARTA