Wikimedia Commons

**Wikimedia Commons** (ko kuma kawai **Commons** ) shi ne ma'ajin watsa labarai na buɗaɗɗen hotuna, sautuka, bidiyo da sauran kafofin watsa labarai. Ya kuma ƙunshi fayilolin JSON  . Aiki ne na gudanarwar gidauniyar Wikimedia .

Ana iya amfani da fayiloli daga Wikimedia Commons a duk faɗin ayyukan Wikimedia  a cikin duk yaruka, gami da Wikipedia, Wikivoyage, Wikisource, Wikiquote, Wiktionary, Wikinews, Wikibooks, da Wikispecies, ko zazzagewa don amfani da waje. Tun daga watan Yulin 2022, ma'ajiyar ta ƙunshi sama da miliyan 87 fayilolin mai jarida kyauta don amfani, waɗanda masu sa kai masu rijista ke sarrafawa da daidaita su. 

## Tarihi

Tunanin aikin ya fito ne daga Erik Möller a cikin Maris 2004  kuma an ƙaddamar da shi a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2004.  

A cikin 2012, Hukumar Kula da Rubuce-Rubuce ta Ƙasa ta ɗora hotuna 100,000 da aka ƙididdige su daga tarinsa. 

A cikin Yuli 2013, adadin gyara akan Commons ya kai 100,000,000. 

Tun 2018 yana yiwuwa a loda samfuran 3D zuwa rukunin yanar gizon. Ɗayan samfurin farko da aka ɗorawa zuwa Commons shine sake gina mutum-mutumin Asad Al-Lat wanda ISIL ta lalata a Palmyra a 2015. 

A cikin 2020, Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) ta fara loda tarin ta zuwa Commons.  Tun daga 2022, DPLA ta loda fayiloli sama da miliyan 2 . Hakazalika Europeana, gidan yanar gizon da ke tattara al'adun Turai, yana raba hotunan sa na dijital ta hanyar Commons. 

A lokacin cutar ta COVID-19, a matsayin wani ɓangare na haɗin gwiwa tare da Wikimedia, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ɗora bayananta na " Mythbusters " zuwa Commons. 

## Dangantaka da ayyukan ƴar'uwa
Manufar Wikimedia Commons ita ce samar da ma'ajiyar fayil ɗin kafofin watsa labarai "domin su zama na kyauta kuma masu lasisi kyauta ga kowa, kuma wannan yana aiki azaman ma'ajin gama gari don ayyuka daban-daban na Gidauniyar Wikimedia." Maganar "ilimi" ita ce a fahimce ta bisa ga faffadlɗan ma'anarsa ta "samar da ilimi, koyarwa ko ilimi". 

Yawancin ayyukan Wikimedia har yanzu suna ba da damar lodawa cikin gida waɗanda ba a iya gani ga wasu ayyuka ko harsuna, amma wannan zaɓin ana nufin amfani da shi ne da farko don kayan (kamar abun ciki na gaskiya ) waɗanda manufofin ayyukan gida ke ba da izini, amma waɗanda ba za a ba su izini ba bisa ga manufofin haƙƙin mallaka na Commons. Wikimedia Commons ita kanta ba ta ba da damar yin amfani da gaskiya ko lodawa a ƙarƙashin lasisin da ba kyauta ba, gami da lasisi waɗanda ke hana yin amfani da kayan kasuwanci ko hana ayyukan da aka samo asali. Saboda wannan dalili, Wikimedia Commons koyaushe tana karɓar kafofin watsa labarai masu lasisi kyauta kuma tana share take haƙƙin mallaka. Lasisin da aka yarda sun haɗa da Lasisi na Ƙarfafa Commons da Halaye/Shari'a na ShareAlike,  sauran abun ciki kyauta da lasisin software kyauta, da yankin jama'a .

Tsohuwar harshen na Commons Ingilishi ne, amma masu amfani da rajista za su iya keɓance mahallin su don amfani da kowane fassarorin fassarorin mai amfani da ke akwai. Shafukan abun ciki da yawa, musamman shafukan siyasa da hanyoyin sadarwa, an kuma fassara su zuwa harsuna daban-daban. Fayilolin Wikimedia Commons an karkasa su ta amfani da tsarin nau'in MediaWiki. Bugu da kari, ana yawan tattara su a kan shafukan yanar gizo na kan layi. Yayin da aka fara ba da shawarar cewa aikin ya ƙunshi fayilolin rubutu kyauta, ana ci gaba da gudanar da waɗannan a kan aikin 'yar'uwa, Wikisource .

## Abubuwan da ke da rikici
An soki rukunin yanar gizon da ɗaukar nauyin batsa masu yawa, waɗanda galibi masu baje kolin ke sanyawa waɗanda ke amfani da shafin don gamsuwa da kansu, kuma waɗanda masu gudanarwa masu tausayawa suka kunna.  A cikin 2012, BuzzFeed ya siffanta Wikimedia Commons a matsayin "mai cike da batsa". 

A cikin 2010, wanda ya kafa Wikipedia Larry Sanger ya ba da rahoton Wikimedia Commons ga FBI don ɗaukar nauyin hotunan yara da aka fi sani da " lolicon ". Bayan da aka ruwaito wannan a cikin kafofin watsa labaru, Jimmy Wales, wanda ya kafa Wikimedia Foundation wanda ke karɓar baƙuncin Commons, ya yi amfani da matsayinsa na gudanarwa don share hotuna da yawa ba tare da tattaunawa daga jama'ar Commons ba. Wales ta mayar da martani ga koma baya daga jama'ar Commons ta hanyar barin wasu gata na rukunin yanar gizon da son rai, gami da ikon share fayiloli. 

## Abubuwan amfani
A tsawon lokaci, an haɓaka ƙarin ayyuka don mu'amala da Wikimedia Commons tare da sauran ayyukan Wikimedia. Daniel Kinzler ya rubuta aikace-aikace don nemo nau'ikan da suka dace don fayilolin da aka ɗora ("CommonSense"), ƙayyadaddun amfani da fayiloli a cikin ayyukan Wikimedia ("CheckUsage"), gano hotuna tare da ɓacewar bayanan haƙƙin mallaka ("UntaggedImages"), da kuma isar da bayanai game da ayyukan gudanarwa. kamar gogewa zuwa wiki masu dacewa (" CommonsTicker ").

An ƙirƙiri kayan aikin loda na musamman da rubutun kamar " Commonist " don sauƙaƙe aikin loda manyan fayiloli. A lokaci guda, don duba hotunan abun ciki kyauta da aka ɗora zuwa Flickr, masu amfani za su iya shiga cikin tsarin bita na waje na haɗin gwiwa da ba a gama ba (" FlickrLickr "), wanda ya haifar da loda sama da 10,000 zuwa Commons.   Akwai aikace-aikacen Wayar hannu na gama gari wanda ke ba da damar loda hotuna da ke tattara bayanan duniya, musamman manyan abubuwan da ake iya samu a taswira a cikin Jerin Kusa da ke cikin ƙa'idar (nuna abubuwan Wikidata tare da haɗin kai). An ƙaddamar da ƙa'idar a cikin 2012 a matsayin aikace-aikacen Wikimedia na hukuma kuma tun daga Mayu 2016, tana amfani da suna da tambarin Wikimedia Commons na hukuma.

### Bayanan Tsare-tsare akan Commons

Bayanin Tsare-tsare akan Commons (SDC) shiri ne na haɓaka software na shekaru uku wanda Gidauniyar Sloan ta ba da tallafi don samar da abubuwan more rayuwa ga masu sa kai na Wikimedia Commons don tsara bayanai game da fayilolin mai jarida daidai gwargwado. An tsara wannan bayanan da yawa kuma an sanya shi abin karantawa na inji . Maƙasudin ayyukan shine a sauƙaƙe bayar da gudummawa ga Commons ta hanyar samar da sabbin hanyoyin gyara, tsarawa, da rubuta software don Commons, da kuma sauƙaƙe amfani da Commons gabaɗaya ta hanyar faɗaɗa iyawa a cikin bincike da sake amfani da su.  

## inganci

Akwai hanyoyi guda uku akan rukunin yanar gizon don gane ayyuka masu inganci. Daya ana kiransa " Hotunan da aka nuna", inda ake zaɓar ayyukan da sauran membobin al'umma suka kada ƙuri'ar karɓa ko kin amincewa da nadin. Wannan tsari ya fara a watan Nuwamba 2004. Wani tsari da aka fi sani da " Hotuna masu inganci " ya fara ne a watan Yuni 2006, kuma yana da tsari mafi sauƙi na zaɓi mai kama da "Hotunan da aka nuna". "Hotuna masu inganci" kawai suna karɓar ayyukan da masu amfani da Wikimedia suka ƙirƙira, yayin da "Hotunan da aka ba da kyauta" kuma suna karɓar nadin ayyuka na ɓangare na uku kamar NASA. Aikin tantance hoto na uku, wanda aka fi sani da " Hotuna masu daraja ", ya fara ne a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2008, tare da manufar gane "mafi kyawun kwatancen nau'insa", sabanin sauran matakai guda biyu waɗanda ke tantance hotuna galibi akan ingancin fasaha.

Hanyoyi guda uku da aka ambata suna zaɓar ɗan ƙaramin sashi (kasa da 0.1%) daga jimlar adadin fayiloli. Koyaya, Commons yana tattara fayiloli na duk matakan inganci, daga mafi girman matakin ƙwararru a cikin sauƙaƙen takaddun takardu da fayilolin mai son har zuwa fayiloli marasa inganci sosai. Gabaɗaya, Commons ba gasa ba ce amma tarin; ingancin bayanin da tsarin fayiloli da fa'idodin bayanin su da fa'idodin bayanai galibi sun fi dacewa fiye da cikar fasaha ko fasaha na fayilolin. Fayilolin da ke da takamaiman lahani za a iya yiwa alama don ingantawa da faɗakarwa ko ma an ba da shawarar sharewa amma babu wani tsari na ƙima na tsari na duk fayiloli.

Shafin ya gudanar da gasar "Hoton Shekarar" na farko, na 2006. Duk hotunan da aka yi Fitattun Hoto a shekarar 2006 sun cancanci, kuma mambobin ƙungiyar Wikimedia da suka cancanta suka zabe su yayin zagaye biyu na zaɓe. Hoton da ya ci nasara shine hoton Aurora Borealis a kan filayen dusar ƙanƙara, wanda wani jirgin sama daga Rundunar Sojojin Amurka ya ɗauka. Tun daga lokacin gasar ta zama taron shekara-shekara.

### Hotunan Gasar Wikimedia Commons
Hoton Commons na Shekara (POTY) gasa ce da aka fara gudanarwa a cikin 2006. Yana nufin gano mafi kyawun hotuna masu lasisi kyauta daga waɗanda a cikin shekarar aka ba da Matsayin Hoto da aka ba da kyauta.  
File:Alcedo_atthis_-_Riserve_naturali_e_aree_contigue_della_fascia_fluviale_del_Po.jpg|2020
File:Mud_Cow_Racing_-_Pacu_Jawi_-_West_Sumatra,_Indonesia.jpg|2019
File:Evolution of a Tornado.jpg|2018
File:Perereca-macaco - Phyllomedusa rohdei.jpg|2017
File:Jubilee and Munin, Ravens, Tower of London 2016-04-30.jpg|2016
File:Pluto-01 Stern 03 Pluto Color TXT.jpg|2015
File:A butterfly feeding on the tears of a turtle in Ecuador.jpg|2014
File:Glühwendel brennt durch.jpg|2013
File:Pair of Merops apiaster feeding.jpg|2012
File:Lake Bondhus Norway 2862.jpg|2011
File:Laser Towards Milky Ways Centre.jpg|2010
File:Sikh pilgrim at the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) in Amritsar, India.jpg|2009
File:Biandintz eta zaldiak - modified2.jpg|2008
File:Broadway tower edit.jpg|2007
File:Aurora borealis over Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska.jpg|2006
Pic du Midi de Bigorre cloudy Wikimedia Commons.jpg


## Adadin abun ciki

*Source: [[c:Commons:Milestones|Commons:Commons:Milestones]]*

* Nuwamba 30, 2006: 1&nbsp;fayilolin mai jarida miliyan
* Satumba 2, 2009: 5&nbsp;fayilolin mai jarida miliyan
* Afrilu 15, 2011: 10&nbsp;fayilolin mai jarida miliyan
* 4 ga Disamba, 2012: 15&nbsp;fayilolin mai jarida miliyan
* Yuli 14, 2013: 100,000,000 gyara 
* 25 ga Janairu, 2014: 20&nbsp;fayilolin mai jarida miliyan
* 13 ga Janairu, 2016: 30&nbsp;fayilolin mai jarida miliyan
* 21 ga Yuni, 2017: 40&nbsp;fayilolin mai jarida miliyan
* Oktoba 7, 2018: 50&nbsp;fayilolin mai jarida miliyan
* 18 ga Maris, 2020: 60&nbsp;fayilolin mai jarida miliyan
* Fabrairu 15, 2021: 70&nbsp;fayilolin mai jarida miliyan
* 11 ga Janairu, 2022: 80&nbsp;fayilolin mai jarida miliyan
* Lissafi na yanzu: gama gari:Special:Kididdiga

## Aikace-aikace

* EuroOffice Online Clipart tsawo don amfani da hotuna daga Wikimedia Commons 

## Duba kuma

* Creative Commons – aikin samar da saitin lasisin abun ciki da kundin adireshi na ayyuka ta amfani da su
* Taskar Yanar gizo – tarin bidiyo, takardu da shafukan yanar gizo kan layi
* Project Gutenberg - mafi girman tarin takardu (ciki har da littattafai da kiɗan takarda)
* Rahoto na hotunan batsa na yara akan Wikimedia Commons

## Nassoshi

## Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

* 
*  by WikiTeam