open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Duwatsun Baffin

,**Duwatsun Baffin ko Tsaunukan Baffin** wani yanki ne na tsaunuka da ke kusa da bakin tekun arewa maso gabashin tsibirin Baffin da tsibirin Bylot, Nunavut, Kanada.  Duwatsun da ke cike da kankara wani yanki ne na Arctic Cordillera kuma suna da wasu kololuwar kololuwar gabacin Arewacin Amurka, sun kai tsayin mita 1,525–2,146 (5,003–7,041 ft) sama da matakin teku.  Duk da yake an raba su da jikin ruwa don yin tsibirin Baffin, suna da alaƙa da sauran tsaunukan tsaunuka waɗanda ke yin babban tsaunin Arctic Cordillera..

## Yankin
Mafi girman matsayi shine Dutsen Odin a tsayin mita 2,147 (7,044 ft) yayin da Dutsen Asgard (Sivanitirutinguak) a 2,015 m (6,611 ft) shine watakila mafi sani.[3]  Mafi tsayi a tsaunin Baffin na arewacin shine Dutsen Qiajivik a 1,963 m (6,440 ft).  Babu bishiyoyi a cikin tsaunin Baffin saboda suna arewacin layin bishiyar Arctic.  Duwatsun da suka haɗa tsaunin Baffin sun kasance da farko tarwatsewar duwatsu masu girma dabam.  An lulluɓe su da ƙanƙara har zuwa shekaru 1500 da suka wuce, kuma yawancin sassansu har yanzu suna cike da ƙanƙara.  A fannin ilimin kasa, tsaunin Baffin sun kasance gefen gabas na Garkuwar Kanada, wanda ya mamaye yawancin yanayin Kanada.

## Gishiri
Tsaunukan tsaunin Baffin sun rabu da fjords masu zurfi da kwaruruka masu ƙanƙara tare da manyan tsaunuka masu ban sha'awa da ƙanƙara.  Dusar ƙanƙarar da ke cikin tsaunin Baffin tana da haske, ba ta kai a wurare kamar tsaunukan Saint Elias da ke kudu maso gabashin Alaska da kuma kudu maso yammacin Yukon waɗanda dusar ƙanƙara ta shafa.

Babbar kankara a cikin Dutsen Baffin ita ce Penny Ice Cap, wanda ke da yanki na  km2  sq . A tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, masu binciken Kanada sun yi nazarin tsarin daskarewa da narkewa a cikin ƙarni ta hanyar hako samfurori na kankara.

## Tsire-tsire da dabbobi
Shuke-shuke masu yawa a cikin Dutse Baffin sune murfin da ba a ci gaba da shi ba na mosses, lichens da tsire-tsire masu tsayi kamar su sedge da cottongrass.

## Tarihi
Ɗaya daga cikin tafiye-tafiye na farko na hawan dutse a cikin Dutsen Baffin ya kasance a cikin 1934 ta hanyar J.M Wordie, inda aka hau tsaunuka biyu da ake kira Pioneer Peak da Longstaff Tower.

An kafa filin shakatawa na Auyuittuq a cikin 1976. Yana da fasalin jejin Arctic da yawa, kamar fjords, glaciers da filayen kankara.  A cikin Inuktitut - yaren mutanen Aboriginal na Nunavut, Inuit - Auyuittuq yana nufin "ƙasar da ba ta narke".  Kodayake an kafa Auyuittuq a cikin 1976 a matsayin ajiyar wuraren shakatawa na kasa, an inganta shi zuwa cikakken wurin shakatawa na kasa a cikin 2000.

Akwai ƙauyuka na Inuit a cikin tsaunin Baffin kafin tuntuɓar Turai.  An yi imanin tuntuɓar Turai ta farko ta masu binciken Norse ne a cikin ƙarni na 11, amma Martin Frobisher ne ya fara ganin rikodi na Tsibirin Baffin a lokacin neman hanyar Arewa maso Yamma a 1576.
Gavin Jennings

**Gavin Wayne Jennings** (an haife shi 18 Afrilu 1957) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne. Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Labour na Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga 1999 zuwa 2020, yana wakiltar Lardin Melbourne (1999-2006) sannan kuma Yankin Kudu maso Gabas (2006-2020). Ya kasance shugaban gwamnati a majalisar dokoki kuma karamin minista na musamman a ma'aikatar Andrews daga 2014 zuwa 2020.

Ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Ma'aikatar (1999-2002), Ministan Kula da Tsofaffi (2002-2006), Ministan Harkokin Aboriginal (2006-2007), Ministan Ayyukan Al'umma (2006-2007, Ministan Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi (2007-2010) da Ministan Innovation (2007-2010). Ya kuma kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Gwamnati a Majalisar Dokoki daga 1999 zuwa 2010.  Jennings ita ce jagora a jam'iyyar Socialist Left.

## Sana'a
Jennings yayi karatu a Beaufort High School da Jami'ar Monash, yana samun digiri a fannin fasaha da aikin zamantakewa. Ya yi aiki a lokuta daban-daban a matsayin ma'aikacin masana'anta, magatakarda na aiki, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, ma'aikacin zamantakewa da kuma manazarta manufofi. An dauke shi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga ministan gwamnatin Kay Setches tsakanin 1988 da 1990, sannan kuma ga Premier John Cain da Joan Kirner tsakanin 1990 da 1992. Bayan da aka sha kaye da gwamnatin Kirner a zaben jihar 1992, Jennings ya fara aiki a matsayin jami'in masana'antu, yana aiki a Cibiyar Kula da Sufuri ta Jama'a, Asibitin Lantarki da Lantarki daban-daban. zaben majalisa.

Jennings ya lashe zaben kujerar Majalisar Dokoki ta Labour mai aminci a lardin Melbourne gabanin zaben jihar na 1999, don haka aka zabe shi cikin sauki. Nan take aka nada shi sakataren majalisar ministoci da mataimakin shugaban gwamnati a majalisar dokoki. An kara masa girma zuwa ma’aikatar bayan zaben jihar na 2002, inda ya zama ministan kula da tsofaffi da kuma ministan al’amuran ‘yan asali. An canza shi daga kula da tsofaffi zuwa kundin ayyukan al'umma bayan zaben jihar na 2006 . Ya sami babban ci gaba a bayan hawan John Brumby zuwa firimiya a watan Agustan 2007, yana karɓar fasfo na yanayi da sauyin yanayi, da sabbin abubuwa.

A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2016, Majalisar Dokoki ta zartar da wani kuduri na raini a kan Jennings, tare da dakatar da shi daga majalisar har zuwa watanni shida, sai dai idan ya fito da takardu ga Majalisar Wakilai da suka shafi Cibiyar Ciwon Kankara ta Victoria . 

A cikin Maris 2020, Jennings ya sanar da cewa ya yi murabus daga Majalisar Victorian. Firayim Ministan, Daniel Andrews, ya ce kungiyar kwadago ta kasance "mafi karfin gwiwa, da karfin gwiwa da jin kai" saboda Jennings. A ranar 23 ga Afrilu 2020, an rantsar da tsohon dan majalisa kuma memba na bangaren Hagu na jam'iyyar Lee Tarlamis a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jennings. 

## Manazarta
Hanyoyin da ke da kyau

Tsaunin Bonanza ƙaramin tsauni ne a tsibirin Vancouver, British Columbia, Kanada, wanda ke tsakanin kogin Nimpkish da Kogin Tsitika.  Tana da yanki na 150 km2 kuma yanki ne na Rarraba Tsibirin Vancouver wanda hakan ya zama wani yanki na tsaunukan Insular.&nbsp;

## Dubi kuma

## Bayanan da aka ambata
Tashar wutar lantarki ta Telangana II

Wurin shakatawa na hasken rana **Telangana II** yana ƙauyen Palwai kusa da Gadwal a gundumar Mahbubnagar na Telangana . Yana da 12&nbsp;megawatt (MWD C ) tashar wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic, wanda aka ba shi a watan Yuni 2016. Yana cikin unguwar kai tsaye zuwa aikin 'yar uwarta Telangana I. An gina Telangana II ta amfani da na'urorin hasken rana 38,430. Ita dai wannan shukar tana da fadin     16  kuma tana baiwa mutane kusan 18,000 makamashi.  Ƙididdigar raguwa na CO 2 ya fi metric ton 8,000 a kowace shekara.

Mai mallakar tashar wutar lantarki shine Solar Arise India Projects Limited, wanda masu hannun jarin su ne Thomas Lloyd Group, Ƙaddamarwa ta Turai akan Tsabtace, Sabunta Makamashi, Amfani da Makamashi da Canjin Yanayi da suka shafi Ci gaban SICAV SIF dangane da Inganta Makamashi na Duniya da Sabis na Makamashi ("GEEREF"), wanda aka ba da shawara ta Asusun Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai, Kotak India Instructuring In European Investment Bank Group. ƙungiyar gudanarwar kafa Anil Nayar, James Abraham da Tanya Singhal.   Solar Arise a halin yanzu ya mallaki kuma yana sarrafa 130MW na ayyukan wutar lantarki mai haɗin grid a Indiya. Talettutayi Solar Projects Six Private Limited ne ke sarrafa wurin shakatawa.

Jihar telangana ta fara "Manufar wutar lantarki ta Telangana" a cikin 2015 don ƙirƙirar "yanayin da zai ba da damar masu haɓaka hasken rana".  Gwamnatin Indiya tana da burin haɓaka          na tashoshin wutar lantarki da hasken rana da ƙarin      ana sa ran su a cikin gida na gida, wanda ya kawo adadin     na Birtaniyya,  . megawatts ta gwamnatin Narendra Modi a cikin kasafin kudin Tarayyar Turai na 2015 na Indiya . 

## Magana
Owrang, Gabashin Azerbaijan

**Owrang (Persian: اورنگ, kuma Romanized a matsayin Avarang da Avrang; kuma wanda  aka fi sani da Arvik)** ƙauye ne a gundumar Azghan Rural, a cikin Babban Gundumar Ahar, Lardin Azerbaijan ta Gabas, Iran.  A ƙidayar 2006, yawanta ya kasance 427, a cikin iyalai 110..
Dutsen Taurus

Dutsen Taurus shine mai tsayin mita 2,972 (ƙafa 9,751) mai nisan kilomita 12 (mil 7.5) kudu maso gabas da Bugaboos, a cikin tsaunukan Purcell waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin tsaunin Columbia.  Ruwan hazo daga tsaunin Taurus ya ratsa kudu maso yamma zuwa mashigin Howser Creek daga tafkin Duncan;  kuma daga gangaren arewa zuwa mashigin ruwan Frances Creek da kuma kogin Columbia.  Taimakon yanayi yana da mahimmanci yayin da taron ya tashi sama da mita 1,280 (ƙafa 4,200) sama da Frances Creek a cikin

## Tarihi
Arthur O. Wheeler ya yi amfani da sunan Taurus a kan dutsen a lokacin da ya yi balaguron binciken da ya yi a Bugaboo Pass a 1910. Conrad Kain ya ce Wheeler ya kira dutsen Taurus "saboda kamar bijimi ne."  Daga yankin Bugaboo kamanninsa gabaɗaya yana nuna ƙaƙƙarfan bijimi.  Ranar 9 ga Yuni, 1960, Hukumar Sunayen Kasa ta Kanada ta karbe sunan dutsen a hukumance.

Edward F. Little, Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy da Alex Fabergé ne suka hau taron na farko a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 1946.

An yi hawa na biyu a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1952, ta mambobi uku na Dartmouth Mountaineering Club: Peter Robinson, Bob Collins da Bill Briggs. 

## Yanayi
Dangane da rarrabuwar yanayin yanayi na Köppen, Dutsen Taurus yana cikin yankin yanayi na ƙasa da ƙasa tare da sanyi, lokacin sanyi mai dusar ƙanƙara, da lokacin rani mai laushi.  Zazzabi a cikin hunturu na iya faɗuwa ƙasa -20 °C tare da yanayin sanyin iska ƙasa -30 °C.  Wannan yanayin yana tallafawa dusar ƙanƙara da ba a bayyana sunansa ba a kan gangaren dutsen.
Danakil Alps

**Tsawon tsaunukan Danakil** wani yanki ne mai tsaunuka a Habasha da Eritriya mai tsayi sama da mita 1000 kuma fadinsa ya bambanta tsakanin kilomita 40 zuwa 70.  An san yankin a yaren Afara da Arrata.  Tsakanin tsaunuka suna kan tekun Kudu ta Bahar Maliya zuwa gabas da Damuwar Danakil kuma suna raba shi da teku[4].  Tsakanin tsaunuka suna da asymmetric a ɓangaren giciye tare da kwatankwacin ɓacin rai mai laushi da ke fuskantar Tekun Bahar Maliya da kuma mummunan lahani a gefen ƙasa**.**

A arewacin tsaunukan tsaunuka dutsen ginshiki bai cika girma ba kuma akwai gine-gine masu aman wuta da yawa, kamar waɗanda ke samar da Range na Nabro Volcanic Range.  Manyan gine-ginen Nabro Volcanic Range sune Mallahle, Nabro, da Dubbi.  Wurin dutsen mai aman wuta ya kai arewa maso yamma zuwa Tekun Bahar Maliya, yana ƙarewa da dutsen mai aman wuta na Kod Ali a bakin teku..

An yanke Danakil Alps daga teku tun daga marigayi Pleistocene.

## Rubuce-rubuce
A ilimin kasa, ana siffanta wadannan tsaunuka a matsayin doki kuma a wasu lokuta ana kiran su Danakil Horst ko Danakil Block.  An samo su ta hanyar ɓarna a kan ƙasa wanda ya faru tun zamanin Miocene.   Akwai dutsen ginshiki na Precambrian da ke ƙarƙashin yankin kuma a bakin tekun Eritrea Precambrian da Mesozoic duwatsu an fallasa su.] Dutsen Antalo a cikin tsaunukan Danakil yana da kauri sosai ga ƙahon Afirka, yana da zurfin zurfin mita 1,000 (3,300 ft) cikin zurfin, yana nuna cewa yankin ya kasance a matsayin magudanar ruwa da kuma faɗuwar ƙasa kafin magudanar ruwa.  Dutsen ginshiƙan tuddai ya zama an lulluɓe shi da basalt ambaliya tun zamanin Oligocene.  Sashin da aka riga aka yi rift a cikin Danakil Alps ya wuce mita 4,000 (13,000 ft), wanda ya fi wancan zuwa arewa, yana nuna ci gaban gabar Tekun Indiya a lokacin Mesozoic.

## Ci gaba
Kimanin shekaru miliyan 20 da suka gabata an bude yankin tsagaita wuta na Afar.  Wannan ya haifar da tsaunukan tsaunuka da suka balle daga tudun Habasha wanda a baya aka jingina su zuwa gabas/ arewa maso gabas.  Ma'auni na Paleomagnetic sun nuna cewa, tun daga farkon Miocene, tsaunukan suna jujjuya agogo baya da digiri 20-30 daga ainihin matsayinsu na tsawon shekaru miliyan 11 sakamakon budewar Tekun Bahar Maliya.  A cikin shekaru miliyan da suka gabata, yaduwa ya ci gaba da yaduwa zuwa yamma daga Tekun Aden zuwa Tekun Tadjoura da kuma cikin yankin Afar ta barauniyar Asal-Ghoubbet.  Wannan iyakar faranti mai aiki tana ci gaba a gefen yamma na Tushen Danakil, kuma tana haɗe zuwa Bahar Maliya a Tekun Zula.  Abubuwan shimfidawa na ɓangarorin nahiya a cikin Alps na Danakil an kiyasta sun kai β = ~ 2.5
Tsinkaye na Antarctic

Oscillation na Antarctic (AAO, don rarrabe shi daga oscillation na Arctic ko AO), wanda aka fi sani da **Yanayin Kudancin** (SAM), yanayin canjin yanayi ne na kudancin kudancin wanda aka bayyana shi azaman belin iska mai karfi na yamma ko matsin lamba da ke kewaye da Antarctica wanda ke motsawa ko kudu a matsayin yanayin canjinsa.

Direban yanayi ne na Ostiraliya, yana rinjayar yanayin yanayin ƙasar - Yana da alaƙa da guguwa da guguwar sanyi waɗanda ke motsawa daga yamma zuwa gabas waɗanda ke kawo hazo zuwa kudancin Ostiraliya.

## Matakai da tasirin

Dukkanin abubuwan da suka faru na SAM masu kyau da marasa kyau suna da kusan kwanaki goma zuwa makonni biyu, kodayake lokacin tsakanin abubuwan da suka dace da marasa kyau ba zato ba tsammani ba ne. Yawancin lokaci yana cikin mako guda zuwa 'yan watanni, tare da mummunan SAM ya fi yawa a cikin watanni masu sanyi kuma ingantaccen SAM ya fi tsawo a cikin watanni mai zafi. Iska da ke da alaƙa da Yanayin Kudancin Annular yana haifar da hawan teku na ruwan zurfi mai zurfi mai zafi tare da shelf na nahiyar Antarctic,   wanda aka haɗa shi da narkewar shelf na kankara,  wanda ke wakiltar yiwuwar hanyar iska wanda zai iya lalata manyan ɓangarorin kankara na Antarctic.

### Mai kyau
A cikin kyakkyawan lokaci, belin iska na yamma wanda ke fitar da Antarctic Circumpolar Current yana karuwa kuma yana kwangila zuwa Antarctica. A cikin hunturu, wani lokaci mai kyau yana ƙara ruwan sama (ciki har da Ƙananan gabar gabas) a kudu maso gabashin Australia (sama da Victoria) saboda yawan kwararar bakin teku daga Tekun Pacific, yana rage ruwan sama a kudu maso yamma, kuma yana rage dusar ƙanƙara a yankunan alpine. A lokacin bazara da rani, wani lokaci mai kyau yana rage yiwuwar matsanancin zafi kuma yana ƙara ruwan sama a bakin teku, saboda haka yana sa bazara da rani su fi ruwan sama fiye da yadda aka saba. Wani lokaci mai kyau zai faru akai-akai tare da taron La Niña.

### Rashin jituwa
Matsayinta mara kyau ya haɗa da belin da ke motsawa zuwa ma'auni, inda rage ruwan sama a kudu maso gabashin Ostiraliya a lokacin rani da kuma haɓaka yiwuwar zafi na bazara. Bugu da ƙari, hunturu yawanci zai kasance mai laushi fiye da yadda aka saba a kudu da kudu maso yamma tare da karin dusar ƙanƙara a yankunan alpine, amma ya bushe a gabar gabas saboda karancin ruwa a bakin teku daga gabas da toshewa ganuwar sanyi ta Babban Rarraba Range, wanda zai yi aiki a matsayin inuwa. Wannan matakin zai kasance mafi yawa tare da taron El Niño.

## Bincike
A cikin shekara ta 2014, Nerilie Abram ta yi amfani da cibiyar sadarwa ta ƙanƙara mai saurin zafin jiki da kuma rikodin ci gaban itace don sake gina tarihin shekaru 1000 na Yanayin Kudancin. Wannan aikin ya nuna cewa Kudancin Annular Mode a halin yanzu yana cikin mafi kyawun lokaci a cikin akalla shekaru 1000 da suka gabata, kuma cewa abubuwan da suka faru a baya-bayan nan a cikin SAM ana danganta su da karuwar matakan iskar gas da kuma daga baya lalacewar ozone na stratospheric.

## Dubi kuma

* Anticyclone
* Tsinkaye na Arctic
* Tsinkaye na Arewacin Atlantic
* Tsinkaye na shekaru goma na Pacific
* Rashin ƙarfi na shekaru arba'in

## Manazarta
Duwatsun Hida

Dutsen Hida (飛騨山脈, Hida Sanmyaku), ko Arewa Alps (北アルプス, Kita Arupusu), wani yanki ne na tsaunin Japan wanda ya ratsa ta yankunan Nagano, Toyama da Gifu.  Wani karamin yanki na tsaunukan kuma ya isa yankin Niigata.  William Gowland ya kirkiro kalmar "Alps na Japan" a lokacin da yake Japan, amma yana nufin Dutsen Hida ne kawai lokacin da ya yi amfani da wannan sunan.  Dutsen Kiso da Akaishi sun sami sunan a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.

## Yanayin ƙasa
Tsarin tsaunin Hida ya samar da babban siffar Y.  Kololuwar kudanci sune ƙananan yanki na siffar Y, tare da kololuwar arewa suna samar da makada guda biyu masu kamanceceniya da wani zurfin kwari mai siffar V.  Yana daya daga cikin tudu mafi tsayin kwari masu siffar V a cikin Japan.  Dam din Kurobe, madatsar ruwa mafi girma a kasar Japan, wani babban dam ne dake cikin kwarin Kurobe a tsakiyar yankin tsaunuka.  Hannun tsaunuka na yamma, wanda kuma aka sani da Tateyama Peaks (立山連峰 Tateyama Renpo), Dutsen Tsurugi da Dutsen Tate ne suka mamaye shi.  Hannun gabas, wanda aka fi sani da Ushiro Tateyama Peaks (後立山連峰 Ushiro Tateyama Renpō), Dutsen Shirouma da Dutsen Kashimatari ne ke mamaye su.

### Gilashin kankara
Ko da yake an fara tunanin cewa babu dusar ƙanƙara da ta wanzu a Gabashin Asiya a kudancin Kamchatka, bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa har yanzu ƙananan glaciers uku suna rayuwa a tsaunin Tsurugi da tsaunin Tate saboda yanayin da ake da shi sosai na yankin Hokuriku wanda ke ba da damar zubar dusar ƙanƙara mai nauyi a kan kololuwar..

## Manyan tsaunuka

* Dutsen Shirouma,  m (9,619  
* Dutsen Kashimayari,    
* Dutsen Tate,    
* Dutsen Tsubakuro,    
* Dutsen Tsurugi,    
* Dutsen Noguchigoro,    
* Dutsen Yari,    
* Dutsen Hotaka,    
* Dutsen Norikura,    

## Hotuna

Fayil:YariKamikohchi.jpg|South half part of Hida Mountains
Fayil:Shiroumatake-tateyamarenpoh.JPG|Mount Tateyama
Fayil:Yari-Hotaka-Renpoh_02.jpg|Mount Yari and Mount Hotaka
Fayil:Hotakadake_Takayama01j3872.jpg|Mount Nishihotaka from Nishihotaka-guchi Station
Fayil:Hida_Mountains_from_Mount_Kurai_2005-03-21.JPG|South half part seen from Mount Kurai
Yankin mai na Athabasca

***'Yankin tar na Athabasca***', wanda aka fi sani da yashi mai Atha basca, manyan ajiyar yashi ne na mai mai cike da bitumen, nau'in mai nauyi da mai laushi, a arewa maso gabashin Alberta, Kanada. Wadannan tanadi suna daya daga cikin manyan tushen man fetur a duniya, wanda ya sa Kanada ta zama muhimmiyar mai kunnawa a kasuwar makamashi ta duniya.

Ya zuwa 2023, masana'antar yashi na mai ta Kanada, tare da Yammacin Kanada da wuraren man fetur na bakin teku kusa da Newfoundland da Labrador, sun ci gaba da kara samarwa kuma an yi hasashen karuwa da kimanin 10% a 2024 wanda ke wakiltar rikodin rikodin a ƙarshen shekara na kimanin ganga miliyan 5.3 a kowace rana (bpd).  Hawan samarwa yafi dacewa da ci gaba a cikin man Alberta. Faduwar bututun Trans Mountain - bututun mai guda daya zuwa West Coast - zai kara sauƙaƙa wannan karuwa, tare da ƙarfinsa ya karu sosai, zuwa ganga 890,000 a kowace rana daga 300,000 bpd a halin yanzu.  Duk da wannan ci gaban, akwai gargadi cewa yana iya zama ɗan gajeren lokaci, tare da samarwa mai yuwuwa bayan 2024. Karuwar da ake tsammani a Kanada a cikin fitar da mai ya wuce na sauran manyan masu samarwa kamar Amurka, kuma kasar tana shirye ta zama babbar direba ta ci gaban samar da mai a duniya a cikin shekara ta 2024.  Amfani da waɗannan albarkatun ya haifar da muhawara game da ci gaban tattalin arziki, tsaro na makamashi, da tasirin muhalli, musamman hayaki daga wuraren mai, wanda ya haifar da tattaunawa game da ka'idojin hayaki don bangaren mai da iskar gas.

Yankin mai na Athabasca, tare da Kogin Peace da Cold Lake da ke kusa da shi sun kwanta a ƙarƙashin  kilomita 141,000 (54,000 sq  na gandun daji da muskeg (ƙasa) a cewar Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Alberta,  Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) da Kungiyar Masu samar da Man Fetur ta Kanada (CAPP).

## Tarihi
Ana kiran yashi na man fetur na Athabasca ne bayan Kogin Athabasca wanda ke ratsa zuciyar ajiyar, kuma ana iya lura da alamun mai mai mai nauyi a bakin kogin. A Tarihi, 'yan asalin Cree da Dene Aboriginal sun yi amfani da bitumen don hana jiragen ruwa su ruwa. Ana samun man fetur a cikin iyakokin Yarjejeniya 8, kuma kasashe na farko da yawa na yankin suna da alaƙa da yashi.

### Tarihin Farko

Yankin mai na Athabasca ya fara zuwa ga masu sayar da fata na Turai a cikin 1719 lokacin da Wa-pa-su, dan kasuwa na Cree, ya kawo samfurin yashi mai bitumen zuwa gidan Hudson's Bay Company a York Factory a Hudson Bay inda Henry Kelsey shine manajan. A shekara ta 1778, Peter Pond, wani dan kasuwa na fata kuma wanda ya kafa Kamfanin Arewa maso Yamma, ya zama Turai na farko da ya ga ajiyar Athabasca bayan ya bincika Methye Portage wanda ya ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun fata masu arziki na tsarin Kogin Athabaska daga Hudson Bay.

## Manazarta
Duwatsun Caraballo

**Duwatsun Caraballo** wani tsauni ne da ke tsakiyar tsibirin Luzon a Philippines, wanda ke tsakanin tsaunukan Cordillera Central da Saliyo Madre.  Duwatsun suna aiki ne a matsayin wurin kogin tushen kogin Cagayan, mafi tsayi a cikin ƙasar..

An kiyaye yawancin sassan tsaunukan a ƙarƙashin Tsarin Yankunan Kare Haɗin Kan Kasa, gami da Tsarin Kariya na Casecnan da Gandun Dajin Pantabangan–Carranglan Watershed.

## Sufuri
Ana iya isa Dutsen Caraballo ta hanyar Pangasinan-Nueva Ecija Road, ɗaukar sa'o'i ɗaya da rabi don tafiya daga cikin gari na San Nicolas. . 

## Tattalin Arziki

### Yawon shakatawa
Tsaunukan Caraballo sun sami 'yan yawon bude ido saboda abubuwan jan hankali da magudanan ruwa da Dutsen Range ke bayarwa.  Tsaunukan suna da mutane 100-500 da ke zuwa kewayo kowace rana.

### Aikin noma
Mazauna suna da nasu lambuna na baya, inda suke shuka kayan lambu, wanda suke siyarwa a Kasuwar Jama'a da ke kusa.

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Fayil:FvfDupaxdelSur9632_18.JPG|alt=A section of the range at Dupax del Sur|A section of the range at Dupaxnbsp;delnbsp;Sur
Fayil:DaltonPassjf6256_35.JPG|Dalton Pass in Santa Fe
Fayil:Uminganjf5391_05.JPG|Another view from the fields of eastern Pangasinan
Fayil:DaltonPassjf6256_31.JPG|Another view overlooking Dalton Pass
Toba Kakar

**Toba Kakar** ko **Toba Kakari** (Pashto: توبه کاکړۍ; Urdu: توبہ کاکڑ) wani yanki ne na kudancin tsaunin Sulaiman a lardin Balochistan na Pakistan, wanda ya shiga lardunan Kandahar da Zabul na kasar Afghanistan.  Hanyar tarihi ta cikin tsaunuka ana kiranta da Bolan Pass.  Tun da farko tsaunukan sun sami kulawar kafofin watsa labarai a watan Agusta 1979;  lokacin da shaidun suka bayyana cewa Pakistan na iya amfani da su a matsayin yuwuwar filin aiki don kera makaman nukiliya.  Ya kasance maboyar 'yan Taliban a wani lokaci a lokacin rikicin Afghanistan.

Wani yanki na yammacin yankin Killa Abdullah, Balochistan da gundumar Maruf, Afghanistan ana kiransa Toba Achakzai, inda Ahmad Shah Durrani, wanda ya kafa Afganistan, ya kasance yana wuce wasu makonni masu zafi a lokacin rani a cikin ƴan shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwarsa.
Duwatsun Asir

Duwatsun Asir da (Larabci: جِبَال عَسِيْر, jibāl ʿasīr; ararar ('Mai Wuya')) yanki ne mai tsaunuka a kudu maso yammacin Saudi Arabiya mai tafiya daidai da Bahar Maliya.  Ya ƙunshi yankuna a lardin Asir, amma gabaɗaya, ya haɗa da yankunan kusa da kan iyaka da Yemen.  Tsaunukan sun mamaye kusan mil 40,000 (kilomita 100,000) kuma sun ƙunshi tsaunuka, filaye, da kwaruruka na tsaunukan Larabawa.   Gabaɗaya, suna daga cikin tsaunin Sarawat, suna bayyana na ƙarshen a matsayin tsaunin tsaunukan da ke tafiya daidai da Tihamah a ko'ina cikin yammacin yankin Larabawa, musamman ma yammacin Saudi Arabiya da Yemen. .

## Ilimin ƙasa
Duwatsun sun kunshi da farko dutse mai laushi, dutse mai tsawo, sandstone da shale, na Jurassic, Cretaceous da Paleogene asalin a kan wani Precambrian granitic basement.

## Yanayi da noma
Yankin yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin ruwan sama a Saudi Arabiya [ana maganar hujja] saboda yawan ruwan sama na yanayi.  Matsakaicin ruwan sama na iya zuwa daga milimita 600 (24 in) zuwa sama da milimita 1,000 (39 a) a kowace shekara, a cikin yankuna masu jika.  Filayen gabas da faranti suna karɓar kuɗi kaɗan kaɗan, daga milimita 500 (20 in) zuwa ƙasa da milimita 100 (3.9 in) kowace shekara.   .

Noman da ake nomawa a yankin, galibinsu ana noma su ne akan tsaunin tudu, sun haɗa da alkama, kofi, auduga, indigo, ginger, kayan lambu, da dabino.  Yankin kuma yana tallafawa shanu, tumaki, awaki, da rakuma.

## Biodiversity
Wuraren da yankin ke fama da shi ya taimaka wajen kiyaye nau'ikan halittun da ke da musamman a yankin.  An gano wasu sabbin nau'ikan fungi na Myxomycetes a yankin, kamar yadda aka gano nau'ikan tsire-tsire iri-iri a baya.   Ana kuma tunanin Asir daya ne daga cikin wuraren zama na karshe na damisar Larabawa.  da kuma Asir magpie, wanda aka yi imanin ya ragu zuwa 135 na ƙarshe.

## Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Fayil:Al_Sawda_peak.jpg|*Jabal Soudah* ("Mount Soudah")
Fayil:Abha1.jpg|Abha City, located  above sea level in the Asir Province
Fayil:Living_on_the_verge_of_Habala_Valley.jpg|Habalah Valley near Abha
Fayil:Alsooda0002.jpg|Al-Soudah
Fayil:منظر_من_بلاد_قبيلة_حوالة4.jpeg|Jabal Atherb, as seen from Ḥawālah in Bareq
Farashin carbon

**Fa[[Rashin carbon]]** ko **gyaran carbon na iyaka (BCA) ** farashi ne na muhalli akan carbon da aka saka. Manufar ita ce ta hana kwararar carbon daga jihohi ba tare da Farashin carbon ba. Misalan shigo da kayayyaki waɗanda ke da babban carbon don haka suna iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin farashi na carbon sune wutar lantarki da aka samar ta tashoshin wutar lantarki, ƙarfe da ƙarfe daga murhun wuta, da taki daga Tsarin Haber.

A halin yanzu, California ce kawai ke amfani da BCA - don wutar lantarki - yayin da Tarayyar Turai da Ingila za su yi amfani da BCAs daga 2026 da 2027, bi da bi. Sauran ƙasashe da yankuna da yawa tare da farashin hayaki suna la'akari da su.[1]￼

## Abubuwan da ke akwai da kuma masu zuwa

### Tarayyar Turai

### Ƙasar Ingila

### California
Shirin Cap-and-Trade na California yana da tsarin daidaita kan iyakar carbon don shigo da wutar lantarki tun daga shekara ta 2011,  kuma ana buƙatar bayar da rahoto ga Majalisar Dokoki a cikin shekara ta 2025 game da yiwuwar fadada gyaran iyaka ga samfuran jiki. 

## Haɗin gwiwar dokokin WTO
Dokokin WTO na yanzu na iya hana wasu nau'ikan gyaran iyakar carbon. A cikin 2024, 'yan Democrat na Amurka (a lokacin a cikin gwamnati) sun bayyana cewa gyaran iyakar carbon ba ya kai harajin carbon amma a maimakon haka ga kuɗin da ya dace a ƙarƙashin dokokin Ƙungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya (WTO), .  WTO kanta ba ta kai ga ƙarshe ba.

## Manazarta
Duwatsun Haraz

Jabal Haraz (Larabci: جَبَل حَرَاز, romanized: Jabal Ḥarāz) yanki ne mai tsaunuka na Yaman, a tsakanin Sana'a dakuma Al-Hudaydah, wanda ake ganin yana cikin yankin Sarat.   A cikin karni na 11, ita ce kagara na daular Sulaihid, wanda yawancin gine-ginen su ke wanzuwa a yau.   Ya hada da Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb, dutse mafi tsayi a Yaman da yankin Larabawa .

## Tarihi da wuri
Saboda wurin da yake tsakanin filin gabar tekun Tihamah da Sanaa, wannan yanki mai tsaunuka ya kasance yana da mahimmanci a koyaushe.  Wurin tsayawa ayari a lokacin daular Himyari, daga baya Haraz ta kasance matattarar daular Sulayhid, wadda aka kafa a kasar Yemen a shekara ta 1037. Sannan kuma daga baya mutanen musulmi ne 'yan Shi'a na Isma'il.

Haraz ya shahara da ƙauyuka masu kagara waɗanda ke manne da tsaunin dutsen da ba za a iya isa ba.  Babban gine-ginen su ya dace da buƙatu guda biyu: kare ƙauyen, yayin da barin sararin samaniya don amfanin gona.  Kowane gari an gina shi kamar katafaren gini;  gidajen, da kansu, suna samar da bango, sanye take da kofofin karewa ɗaya ko biyu cikin sauƙi.  Gine-ginen da aka gina daga dutsen yashi da basalt, an haɗa gine-ginen a cikin shimfidar wuri kuma yana da wuya a gane inda dutsen da ƙauyen suka fara ko ƙare.  An raba dutsen zuwa filaye na ƴan kadada ko sama da haka, an raba shi da bango wani lokacin tsayin mita da yawa.  A kan waɗannan filayen gonaki, ana shuka alfalfa don dabbobi, gero, lentil, manyan wuraren shan kofi, da kuma takalmi.  Yana daya daga cikin manyan wuraren girma na Mocha kofi wake.

A cikin tafiyar kwana guda akwai Bani Murrah da wasu ƙauyuka da ke kan tudu da ke kallon Manakhah.  Manakhah shine tsakiyar kewayon tsaunuka, babban gari wanda kasuwarsa ke jan hankalin mazauna ƙauye daga dukan unguwar.  Al Hajjara, a yammacin Manakhah, ƙauye ne mai katanga wanda Sulayhida suka kafa katanga a ƙarni na 12.  Daga nan kuma ana iya samun wasu ƙauyuka kamar Bayt al-Qamus da Bayt Shimran.  An gina ƙauyen Hutaib akan wani dandali na jajayen dutse mai yashi, yana fuskantar kallon tuddai masu tudu da ke ɗaukar ƙauyuka da dama.  Ga kuma makabartar Da'i al-Mutlaq Hatim ibn Ibrahim na uku na Yaman.  Bohras daga Indiya, Sri Lanka, Madagascar da sauran ƙasashe sun taru a nan. 

## Matsayi na Tarihin Duniya
An kara wannan yanki a cikin UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 2002, ta Jam'iyyar Jihar Yemen a cikin rukunin gauraye (al'adu da na halitta), a matsayin shafin da ke da "mafi kyawun darajar duniya". Har yanzu kwamitin Tarihin Duniya bai zabi shafin ba a matsayin shafin Tarihin Duniya.

## Hotuna

Fayil:Manakha_01.jpg|Manakhah in Sanaa Governorate
Fayil:Kawkaban_-68_(353668857).jpg|Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb, the highest mountain and peak in the Arabian Peninsula, as viewed from Kawkaban, Al Mahwit Governorate
Fayil:منتزة_القادسية_-_panoramio.jpg|Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb is behind the mountain in the background, facing west of southern Sanaa City
Fayil:Haraz_Mountains,_Yemen_(12633745063).jpg|Terraces
Fayil:Haraz_Mountains,_Yemen_(14616928081).jpg|Fortified settlement amid the mountains
Yanayin Makamashi Mai Tsarki

Clean Energy Trends jerin rahotanni ne na Clean Edge wanda ke nazarin kasuwanni don hasken rana, iska, geothermal, sel mai, biofuels, da sauran fasahar makamashi mai tsabta. Tun lokacin da aka buga rahoton Clean Energy Trends na farko a shekara ta 2002, Clean Edge ya samar da hoto na shekara-shekara na kasuwannin masana'antar makamashi mai tsabta na duniya da Amurka.

## Yanayin shekara ta 2006
A shekara ta 2006 yawancin Masu musanta canjin yanayi sun fara canza ra'ayoyinsu. Masana kimiyya, masu saka hannun jari, shugabannin kasuwanci, da 'yan siyasa sun motsa ajanda daga ko canjin yanayi yana faruwa zuwa abin da ya kamata a yi game da shi. Amincewa da canjin yanayi a matsayin "ainihin" ya taimaka wajen buɗe sha'awar da ke tattare da fasahar makamashi mai tsabta daga bangaren shugabannin kamfanoni da siyasa. A Washington da sauran manyan biranen, makamashi mai tsabta ya zama batun jam'iyyun biyu. A cikin ɗakunan kwamitocin kamfanoni, an ce yana da sauri ya zama abin mahimmanci. Kuma kasuwannin makamashi masu tsabta suna girma:

: "Mun kai ga inda ci gaba mai ɗorewa da sauri na makamashi mai tsabta ya zama tsohon labari. Kowace shekara, da alama, tana kawo babban nasara. Wannan ya zama makomar makamashi masu tsabta: jerin abubuwan da suka faru na fasaha, saka hannun jari na kamfanoni, karfafa masana'antu, da kuma fitowar sabbin 'yan wasa masu ban mamaki da ke shiga filin. "

## Yanayin shekara ta 2007

Clean Energy Trends 2007 yana nuna kasuwanni don fasahar ma'auni guda huɗu - hasken rana, wutar lantarki, biofuels, da sel na man fetur - suna ci gaba da hawa. Kudin shiga na shekara-shekara don waɗannan fasahohi huɗu ya karu kusan kashi 39% a cikin shekara guda - zuwa dala biliyan 55 a 2006 daga dala biliyan 40 a 2005. Clean Edge ya yi hasashen cewa wannan hanyar za ta ci gaba da zama kasuwar dala biliyan 226 nan da shekara ta 2016. 

Abubuwa da yawa sun taimaka wajen karfafa kasuwannin makamashi mai tsabta a cikin 2007:

* "kusan ninka sau uku a cikin saka hannun jari a cikin fasahar makamashi a Amurka zuwa sama da dala biliyan 2.4".
* "sabon matakin sadaukarwa da 'yan siyasa na Amurka suka yi a matakin yanki, jihohi, da tarayya".
* "babban saka hannun jari na kamfanoni a cikin sayen makamashi mai tsabta da kuma fadada shirye-shiryen" 

## Yanayin 2008

## Halin 2009

## Dubi kuma

* Jerin ayyukan adana makamashi
* Masana'antar makamashi mai sabuntawa

## Manazarta
Yankin Mahabharata

**Ƙananan Himalayan Range**, wanda kuma ake kira da **Ƙananan [[Himalaya|Himalayas]] ko Mahabharat Lekh** ko kuma **Himachal**, yana ɗaya daga cikin sassan layi huɗu na Himalayas. Yana da Babban Himalayas a arewa da Sivalik Hills a kudu. Ya shimfiɗa daga Kogin Indus zuwa Kwarin Brahmaputra, yana ratsa Afghanistan, Pakistan, Indiya, Nepal China da Bhutan. Yankin yana da matsakaicin tsawo na 3,700-4,500  . 

## Tarihi
Gandun daji na kudancin Himachal Range yana da tudu kuma kusan ba a zaune saboda babban tsarin kuskure da ake kira 'Main Boundary Thrust. Ƙarƙasa da gangaren arewa sun gangara a hankali don tallafawa wuraren kiwo da filayen kiwo. Tsaunukan Tsakiyar Nepal da ke da yawan jama'a suna farawa tare da ƙwanƙolin, wanda ya mamaye arewa ta hanyar ƙananan tudu.  m da noman hatsi suna ƙara ba da hanya ga kiwo na lokaci-lokaci da amfanin gona masu jure sanyi kamar dankali.

Yawancin kabilun da aka samu tare da Range Himachal da arewa zuwa tsaunukan tsakiya suna da alaƙar Tibeto-Burman da suka haɗa da asalin Nepalese na Newar, Magar, Gurung, Tamang, Rai da Limbu, duk da haka ƙabilar mafi yawan jama'a ita ce Indo-Turai Hindu da ake kira Paharis, galibi na Brahman na sama, da Kshatriya, ko Chhetries castries.  Ƙarƙashin ƙasa da ke kudu da ƙauyen ya kasance a tarihi na zazzabin cizon sauro kuma ga alama ƴan ƙabilar ƙabila ne ke zaune tare da ingantaccen rigakafi, musamman mutanen Tharu da Maithil.

Mashigin Himachal muhimmin shingen ruwa ne wanda wasu koguna kalilan ne suka ketare.  Tsarin magudanar ruwa sun samo asali na daidaitawar candelabra tare da raƙuman ruwa da yawa waɗanda ke gudana kudu daga Himalaya ta Tsakiyar Tsaunuka, suna taruwa nan da nan a arewacin Yankin Himachal kuma suna yankewa cikin manyan kwazazzabai kamar Karnali a yamma, Gandaki ko Narayani a tsakiyar Nepal, da Kosi a gabas.  Yayin da yanayin zafi ke ci gaba da yin kusan digiri arba'in a ma'aunin celcius a filayen Indiya daga watan Afrilu har zuwa farkon damina a watan Yuni, amma sanyin digiri goma zuwa goma sha biyar a saman Ramin Himachal, Tashoshin tuddai daban-daban sun bunkasa a yankin.
Duwatsun Akaishi

Dutsen Akaishi (赤石山脈, Akaishi Sanmyaku) tsaunuka ne a tsakiyar Honshū, Japan, mai iyaka da Nagano, Yamanashi da Shizuoka.  Ana kuma kiran su Kudancin Alps (南アルプス, Minami Arupusu), yayin da suke haɗuwa da tsaunin Hida ("Arewacin Alps") da Dutsen Kiso ("Central Alps") don samar da tsaunukan Japan.

## Asalin sunan
Akwai jajayen duwatsu masu yawa (赤石 Aka-Ishi) a kusa da kogin Akaishi, wani rafi na kogin Ōi a kudancin kudancin Alps.  Sai aka ce dutsen jajayen dutse ya zo ana kiransa Dutsen Akaishi.  Dutsen yana wakiltar zangon tsaunuka kuma ana amfani da sunan Akaishi don dukan tsaunukan tsaunuka, Dutsen Akaishi. 

## Manyan tsaunuka
Kusan dukkan manyan kololuwar tsaunin Akaishi suna cikin gandun dajin Minami Alps da aka kafa a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1964. Yankin shine tushen koguna biyu, Kogin Ōi da Kogin Tenryū, waɗanda ke gudana zuwa Tekun Pacific.. 

## Yanayi

## Tsire-tsire da dabbobi
Ana iya ganin tsire-tsire masu tsayi, irin su Siberian dwarf Pine a saman layin bishiyar.  Rock ptarmigan da hange nutcracker suma suna zaune a yankin tsaunuka.  Serow na Japan da barewa na sika suna zaune a cikin bel ɗin daji a kan gangaren dutse.  Callianthemum hondoense (北岳草, Kitadake-sō) yana da girma zuwa Dutsen Kita.
Fayil:Ptarmigan_Raicyou_in_Arakawadake_Mother_and_child_1994_7_29.jpg|Rock ptarmigan
Fayil:Spotted_Nutcracker.jpg|alt=Spotted nutcracker|Spotted nutcracker
Fayil:Cervus_nippon_Nagoya_castle_2010-10-3.JPG|Sika deer
Fayil:Pinus_pumila1.JPG|alt=Siberiandwarf pine|Siberiandwarf pine
Fayil:Callianthemum_hondoense_01.jpg|*Callianthemum**hondoense*
Fayil:Polemonium_caeruleum_Miyamahashinobu_in_Kitadake_2002-9-2.jpg|alt=Polemoniumcaeruleum|


## Walter Weston a cikin tsaunukan Alps na Japan
Bature Walter Weston ya gabatar da duniyar yamma ga tsaunukan Jafananci a cikin littafinsa Mountaineering and Exploring in the Japanese Alps.  A ziyarar da ya kai kasar Japan, ya haura tsaunin Akaishi.  An kafa abubuwan tunawa da yawa don tunawa da shi a wurare da dama a cikin tsaunukan Japan.

Ya hau tsaunuka masu zuwa:

* 1892 Dutsen Akaishi - Na farko wanda ba na Jafananci ba ne ya hau wannan dutse
* 1902 Dutsen Kita
* 1903 Dutsen Kaikoma
* 1904 Dutsen Hōō da Dutsen Senjō

## Dubi kuma

* Alps na Japan
** Duwatsun Hida (Northern Alps) 
** Duwatsun Kiso (Central Alps) 
* Gidan shakatawa na Minami Alps
* Minami-Alps Biosphere Reserve
* 100 Shahararrun Dutsen Japan
* Walter Weston
'Yan Gudun Hijira na Yanayi

Climate Refugees fim ne na Amurka na shekara ta 2010, wanda Michael P. Nash ya jagoranta kuma ya samar da shi. Shirin ya yi ƙoƙari ya rufe tasirin ɗan adam na canjin yanayi ta hanyar la'akari da waɗanda zai iya shafar ta.

## Abun ciki
Tare da gudummawa daga 'yan siyasa da yawa, masana kimiyya, da masu gwagwarmayar muhalli, ciki har da Sanata John Kerry, Kakakin Majalisar Newt Gingrich, Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Al Gore, da wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel Wangari Maathai, fim din ya nuna halin da mutum ke ciki na canjin yanayi tare da mai da hankali kan haɗuwa da yawan jama'a, rashin albarkatu da canjin yanayi. Mai shirya fina-finai Michael Nash da abokin haɗin gwiwar Justin Hogan sun yi tafiya zuwa ƙasashe 48 don neman fuskar ɗan adam na canjin yanayi.

Fim din yayi ƙoƙari ya haskaka tasirin tsaro na kasa na ƙasashe da ke fama da abinci da ruwa saboda fari mai yawa da sauye-sauyen yanayi.
 

## Saki
An fara gabatar da shi a duniya a ranar 29 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2010 a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na shekarar 2010 kuma an sake shi a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, shekarar 2011.  Fim din yana da karamin fitowar wasan kwaikwayo, kuma Netflix, iTunes da Amazon sun rarraba shi. An sayar da shi musamman ta hanyar abubuwan da suka faru, bayan an nuna shi a Majalisar Dattijai da House, Pentagon, Vatican, da tushe ciki har da taron koli na yanayi na COP15 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a watan Disamba na shekarar 2009 a Copenhagen. An gudanar da shirye-shirye da yawa da abubuwan tattaunawa don fim din a jami'o'i.

## Karɓar baƙi
Robert Redford ya bayyana shi a cikin The New York Times a matsayin "kira mai ƙarfi ga kowane ɗan adam. " Fim ɗin ya ci gaba da yin wasa a cikin bukukuwa sama da 100 a duniya inda ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa.

## Manazarta
Gudanar da haɗarin yanayi

**Gudanar da [[Hadarin sauyin|Hadarin yanayi]]** (**CRM**) kalma ce da ke kwatanta dabarun da ke tattare da rage haɗarin yanayi, ta hanyar aikin fannoni daban-daban ciki har da daidaita Canjin yanayi, Gudanar da bala'i da Ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Manyan tarurruka da bita na kasa da kasa sun hada da: Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi, Ƙungiyar Yanayi ta Duniya - Rayuwa tare da Yanayi. 

## Ma'anar
Gudanar da haɗarin yanayi kalma ce ta gaba ɗaya da ke nufin hanyar yanke shawara game da yanayin yanayi. Hanyar tana neman inganta ci gaba mai ɗorewa ta hanyar rage rauni da ke tattare da haɗarin yanayi. CRM ya haɗa da dabarun da aka yi niyyar karawa da kuma rage sakamako mara kyau ga al'ummomi a fannoni kamar noma, Tsaro na abinci, albarkatun ruwa, da kiwon lafiya.

Gudanar da haɗarin yanayi yana rufe manyan matakan da za su iya ɗauka, gami da: tsarin amsawa da wuri, bambancin dabarun, ƙa'idodin rarraba albarkatu, kayan aiki na kuɗi (kamar Inshorar haɗarin yanayi), ƙirar ababen more rayuwa da haɓaka iyawa. Kayan aikin AI suna ba da damar ingantaccen tsinkaya da rarraba albarkatu a fannoni kamar noma, yana bawa masu ruwa da tsaki damar samun riba a kan yanayin yanayi mai kyau yayin rage haɗari. Baya ga guje wa mummunan sakamako, dabarun kula da haɗarin yanayi kuma suna da niyyar kara damar da ke cikin bangarorin tattalin arziki masu saukin yanayi - alal misali, manoma waɗanda ke amfani da hasashen yanayi masu kyau don kara yawan amfanin amfanin gonar su.

## Manyan tarurruka da bita na kasa da kasa

### Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi
Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin yanayi ta haɗa da tattaunawa tsakanin wakilai kan tsarin canjin yanayi. Tattaunawar cibiyar ragewa, daidaitawa, ci gaban fasaha da canja wuri, da albarkatun kuɗi da saka hannun jari. A lokacin COP21, al'ummar kasa da kasa sun ba da kuɗin saka hannun jari a cikin Inshorar haɗarin yanayi a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun magance haɗarin yanayi. 

### Ƙungiyar Yanayi ta Duniya - Rayuwa tare da Yanayi
Taron Rayuwa tare da Yanayi ya kasance tare da shirya ta Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya, Cibiyar Duniya da Cibiyar Kula da Yanayin Yanayi ta Finland a watan Yulin, 2006. An tsara taron ne don sake duba dama da ƙuntatawa wajen haɗa haɗarin yanayi da rashin tabbas cikin yanke shawara. Babban sakamako shine Sanarwar Espoo . 

## Dubi kuma

* Rashin ƙarfi
* Gudanar da haɗari
* Rage hadarin bala'i
* Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi ta Finland
* Cibiyar Duniya
* Canjin yanayi da inshora a Amurka

## Manazarta
Cibiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama (kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam)

**Cibiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama** (Ukrainian) kungiya ce ta kare hakkin dan adam ta Ukraine karkashin jagorancin lauyan Ukraine Oleksandra Matviichuk .  An kafa shi a shekara ta 2007,   tare da manufar matsawa gwamnatin Ukraine don yin kasar ta fi dimokuradiyya. An ba kungiyar Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya ta 2022, tare da Ales Bialiatski da kungiyar Rasha Memorial .  

## Tarihi
An kafa Cibiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Kyiv, Ukraine a ranar 30 ga Mayu 2007.  Kungiyar tana da hannu wajen gabatar da gyare-gyaren majalisa a cikin ƙoƙari na sa Ukraine ta fi dimokuradiyya da inganta ikon jama'a na Hukumomin tilasta bin doka da shari'a. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da kungiyar ke mayar da hankali shine sabunta Dokar Laifuka ta Ukraine.

A lokacin zanga-zangar Euromaidan na 2013-2014, kungiyar ta fara aikin Euromaidan SOS don ba da tallafin doka ga masu zanga-zangar da suka shiga zanga-zangar Euromaidan da kuma lura da cin zarafin da jami'an tsaron shugaban kasar Viktor Yanukovych suka yi.

Bayan mamaye Crimea na 2014 na Rasha da kuma fara yakin Donbas (kuma a cikin 2014), kungiyar ta fara tattara bayanan zalunci na siyasa a Crimea da laifuka a cikin yankin da ke karkashin ikon Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Luhansk mai samun goyon bayan Rasha da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Donetsk. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta fara kamfen na kasa da kasa don sakin mutanen da aka daure ba bisa ka'ida ba a Rasha, Crimea da aka mamaye Rasha da Donbas.

Bayan mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine a shekarar 2022, Cibiyar 'Yancin Jama'a ta kuma fara rubuta laifukan yakin Rasha da aka aikata a lokacin yakin. Kwamitin Nobel na Norway ya ce a cikin 2022 cewa kungiyar tana taka rawa ta farko wajen daukar masu laifi laifukan da suka aikata.

A ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 2022, Cibiyar 'Yancin Jama'a ta sami lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel ta 2022, tare da Ales Bialiatski da kungiyar Tunawa ta Rasha.   Wannan ita ce lambar yabo ta Nobel ta farko da aka bai wa ɗan ƙasar Yukren ko ƙungiya. A lokacin taron manema labarai na 8 ga Oktoba 2022 shugaban Cibiyar 'Yancin Jama'a Oleksandra Matviichuk ya yarda cewa shugaban Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy ko wani jami'in gwamnatin (Ukrainian) ba su taya Cibiyar 'Yancin Jama'a murnar lashe kyautar Nobel ba. Matviichuk ta ce watakila sun yi kokari amma ba za su yi nasara ba saboda ita da abokin aikinta "suna dawowa daga balaguron kasuwanci".

A watan Nuwamban 2022 Oleksandra Matviichuk ya yi kira ga kasashe da su samar wa Ukraine da makamai don 'yantar da yankunan da aka mamaye a Ukraine a matsayin hanya mafi kyau don dakatar da laifukan da Tarayyar Rasha ke aikatawa.

A cikin bazara na 2024, Cibiyar 'Yancin Jama'a an lakafta shi a matsayin "kungiyar da ba a so" a Rasha.

## Suna
Dangane da dokar kungiyar, cikakken sunan kungiyar shine **Cibiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama** ta Jama'a kuma ta rage sunan shine Cibiyar' Yancin Bil'umma. A shafin yanar gizon ta, kungiyar galibi tana kiran kanta **Cibiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama**.

## Bayanan da aka ambata
 

## Haɗin waje
* Center for Civil Libertiesa kanNobelPrize.org
Ginin Sir John A. Macdonald

**Ginin Sir John A. Macdonald** tsohon ginin banki ne a Ottawa a yanzu mallakar gwamnatin tarayya ta Kanada . Yana a 144 Wellington Street, a kusurwar O'Connor Street, tare da gaba na uku a kan titin Sparks, kawai a gaban West Block na Majalisar. Facade ɗin sa yana nuna tsoffin al'adunsa azaman wurin reshen Bankin Montreal .

Misali ne na gine-ginen Beaux-Arts . EI Barott ne ya tsara shi, an gina shi a cikin 1930. Yana nuna haɗakar nau'ikan salo da yawa gami da abubuwan gargajiya waɗanda aka daɗe ana amfani da su don tsara bankunan Kanada. ginshiƙan Doric ko tsarin al'ada an daidaita su. Maimakon al'adar al'ada, an zana bangon ginin da al'amuran da ke nuna masana'antu da gine-ginen Kanada. Kamar yadda ginin ke kan gangara ƙofar Sparks Street babban bene ne a ƙasan titin Wellington daya. Wannan sashin da ke ƙasa an yi shi ne da granite, yayin da matakin babba ya kasance na farar ƙasa .

Gwamnatin Kanada ta umarci Bankin Montreal ya bar ginin kafin Mayu 2005. Bankin Montreal shine ginin kasuwanci na ƙarshe a wannan titin cikin gari, kusa da ginin majalisar. Yanzu duk gine-ginen da ke titin Wellington tsakanin titin Elgin da Titin Ottawa River Parkway mallakar Gwamnatin Tarayya ne.

A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2012, an canza wa ginin suna **Ginin Sir John A. Macdonald** .  

Tun daga 2015, ana amfani da ginin don kasuwancin majalisa da ayyukan liyafar. 

## Brian Mulroney Yana kwance a Jiha
Tare da Cibiyar Block a Hill Hill da aka rufe don manyan gyare-gyare, tsohon Firayim Minista Brian Mulroney, bayan mutuwarsa a ranar 29 ga Fabrairu, 2024, an kawo shi Gidan Sir John A. Macdonald don Kwanciyarsa a jihar a ranar Maris 19 da 20, 2024. 

## Manazarta
Gidan shakatawa na Crocker Range

Crocker Range National Park (Malay: Taman Negara Banjaran Crocker) an kafa shi a cikin 1984, kodayake yankin a baya yana ƙarƙashin kariya azaman ajiyar gandun daji.  Ya rufe iyakar Arewa-kudu Crocker Range, na tsaunukan mita 1200-1800 a Sabah, Malaysia.  A kusa da hedkwatar wurin shakatawa, akwai wurin shakatawa da ke ba da masauki da sabis na abinci.  Hakanan ana iya samun sauran wuraren baƙi kamar wurin baje kolin, insectarium, fernarium, hasumiya mai lura da hanyar tafiya.

Wurin ya rufe 1,399 km², yana mai da shi wurin shakatawa mafi girma a Sabah.  Wurin shakatawa ya ƙunshi duka tudu da dajin tsaunuka, tare da nau'ikan flora da fauna da yawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Borneo.  Kula da wannan gandun daji yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da samar da tsaftataccen ruwan sha ga yawancin garuruwa da al'ummomi a Sabah.

Gidan shakatawa ya ƙunshi aƙalla nau'ikan dabbobi guda birai, kamar su orang-utan, gibbons da furry Tarsier tare da manyan idanunsa na zagaye, da kuma macaques masu tsayi sosai. Kogin Padas ya raba tsakanin Beaufort da Tenom.
Gidan Tarihin 'Yancin Dan Adam na Kasar taiwan

Gidan Tarihi na 'Yancin Dan Adam na kasa gidan kayan gargajiyane da kayan tarihi na Taiwan ne wanda ke da wurare a sabon Birni na Taipei (Jing-Mei White Terror Memorial Park) da Green Island (Green Island White Terror Memorial Park). An kafa gidan kayan gargajiyan ne a ranar 15 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 2018, kuma an buɗe shi a ranar 18 ga watan Mayu, shekara ta 2018. Gidan kayan gargajiya yana da tarin takardu, bincike da kayan ilimi da suka shafi lokacin dokar yaƙin na Taiwan kuma yana aiki tare da gidajen tarihi a Taiwan da na duniya ma bakidaya.

## Manazarta
Gidan Karami

**Dome** Dome babban dutse ne a Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite National Park, California .

## Wuri
Puppy Dome yana kudu da Lembert Dome, kuma kudu maso yamma na Moraine Flat. Puppy Dome yana ƙetare daga Lembert Dome . 

Ta ma'auni a Tuolumne, Dome Dome yana daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta gida a cikin Yosemite National Park, kusa da mafi girma Lembert Dome . Yawancin abubuwan da suka fi gigita yankin sun firgita sosai har suna tafiya ba tare da sanin cewa  zuwa. 

Kusa da gindin Dome Dome shine Puppy Dome Falls, akan Dana Fork na Kogin Tuolumne . 

Dome Dome karami ne, amma daga samansa, kuna samun ra'ayi mara kyau na Tuolumne Meadows . Gabas, zaku iya ganin Tioga Pass da Dutsen Dana . Yamma, zaku iya ganin Cathedral Peak kuma zuwa arewa, Lembert Dome . 

## Samun zuwa Dome Dome
Puppy Dome yana kusa da titin Tuolumne Meadows da filin ajiye motoci, tare da hanya ta mintuna 5. 

## Tafiya Dome Dome
Mutum na iya tafiya sama da Dome Dome ta hanyar tafiya a tsaka- tsakin dutsen dutse mai kusurwa na fuskar gabas. Hawan sama, suna da sauƙi, jin daɗi, amma tabbatar da saukowa a hankali, kamar idan kun zame, ƙila ba za ku iya tsayawa ba. Tabbatar cewa kuna da takalma masu dacewa; gwada iyawar ku na tafiya a kan waɗannan fale-falen ta hanyar hawa sama da ƙasa na farko kafin yin hawan duka. 

## Hawan dutse

## Manazarta