Anna Karima

**Anna Karima**, née *Todora Velkova* (a cikin Bulgarian: Anna Тодорова Велкова) (1871-1949), marubuciya ce ta Bulgarian, mai fassara, edita, ɗan jarida, mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. Ta kasance co-kafa Kungiyar Mata ta Bulgaria, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabarta daga 1901 zuwa 1906. 

## Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Anna Karima a shekara ta 1871 a Berdyansk, Ukraine . Ita 'yar mai cinikin alkama ce kuma mai juyin juya hali bg:Todor Velkov (bg:Тодор Велков). 

Ta kammala karatun sakandare a Sofia . 

A shekara ta 1888, ta auri dan siyasa Yanko Sakazov, wanda daga baya ta rabu da shi. Daga wannan auren, ta haifi 'ya'ya uku.

Ta fara fitowa kuma ta zama sananniya a matsayin marubuciya a shekara ta 1891. Tun tana ƙarama, Karima ta ba da kanta ga rubuce-rubuce da wasan kwaikwayo. Ta rubuta gajerun labaru, labaru, da litattafai. Labarinta na farko, mai taken Obiknovenna istoria (a cikin Bulgarian: Обикновена история, Ordinary Story), an buga shi a cikin 1891 a cikin mujallar *Den* .  Tsakanin 1892 da 1895, ta yi aiki a matsayin babban edita na mujallar Bulgarian *Pochivka* . 

Ayyukanta, ciki har da *Podhlyznase* (a cikin Bulgarian: Подхлъзна се, She Stumbled), *Zaguben zhivot* (a cikin Bulgariarian: Загубен живот, A Lost Life), da Nad__tir____tir____tir__ (a cikin Bulgaria: Над зида, Above the Wall), ana yin su ne a mataki na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa a Sofia, babban ma'aikatar wasan kwaikwayo ta Bulgaria. Wani daga cikin wasanta, mai taken *V Balkanas* (a cikin Rasha: В Балканах, A cikin Balkans), an rubuta shi a cikin Rasha kuma an shirya shi a Saint Petersburg . 

A shekara ta 1894, iyalin suka koma Sofia, inda ta zama mai aiki a cikin sauye-sauyen zamantakewa. Tana da hannu a cikin gwagwarmayar jama'a, tana ba da shawara ga daidaito na mata a cikin al'umma. A shekara ta 1897, ta kafa kungiyar *Suznanie* (Lammaci) kuma ta fara kamfen don ilimin mata, daya daga cikinsu shine a bude Jami'ar Sofia ga mata.

A shekara ta 1899, ta shirya takarda Zhenski glas (Muryar Mata) tare da Julia Malinova, kuma a cikin 1901, sun kafa Kungiyar Mata ta Bulgaria tare da Karima a matsayin shugabanta na farko. Kungiyar kungiya ce ta kungiyoyin mata 27 da aka kafa a Bulgaria tun 1878. An kafa shi ne a matsayin amsa ga iyakokin ilimin mata da samun damar karatun jami'a a cikin shekarun 1890, tare da burin ci gaba da ci gaban ilimi na mata da shiga, shirya majalisa na kasa da amfani da Zhenski glas a matsayin bugawa.[1]

A shekara ta 1906, ta bar Kungiyar Mata ta Bulgaria. Ta kafa kungiyar mata mai hamayya *Ravnopravie* (Dokacin Hakki, 1908-1921) kuma ta zagaya kasar tana ba da lacca game da sake fasalin haƙƙin mata. 

A shekara ta 1916, ta bude makarantar kasuwanci ta farko ga 'yan mata a Bulgaria, da ke Sofia. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe a cikin Balkan (1912-1918), ta shiga cikin ayyukan sadaka. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa makarantar kwana ga marayu da kuma ƙungiyar nakasassu.

A shekara ta 1917, Karima ta zama editan jaridar *Bulgarka* (a cikin Bulgarian: Българка), wata jaridar mata.

A shekara ta 1918, ta bude cibiyar kula da rana ta farko ga uwaye masu aiki a Bulgaria. 

An kore ta ne saboda dalilai na siyasa daga 1921 zuwa 1928. Bayan fashewar bam a Cocin Sveta Nedelya a 1925, Karima ta fara hijira zuwa Faransa. A ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, 1926, ta rubuta kira ga zaman lafiya - Don Bulgaria kuma ta aika da shi ga dukkan mambobin League of Nations a Geneva. Ta ci gaba da hulɗa da kwaminisanci na Faransa Henri Barbusse, ta ba shi takardu don rubuta littafinsa na adawa da fascist Les *Bourreaux* (The Executioners), wanda daga baya ta fassara kuma ta gyara. An buga sassan daga jawabin da rubuce-rubucenta a cikin Kwaminisanci Flag (a cikin Bulgarian: Комунистическо знаме), ƙungiyar manema labarai ta Jam'iyyar Kwaminisancin Bulgaria (BKP) a kasashen waje. Saboda ayyukanta, Karima ta shiga cikin Dokar Kare Jiha (Zakon za zashtita na darzhavata, a cikin Bulgarian: Закон за protección на държавата),  wanda gwamnatin Farfesa Aleksandar Tsankov ta kafa. An tsara wannan dokar mai rikitarwa don murkushe abokan adawar siyasa da ƙungiyoyin da aka ɗauka a matsayin barazana ga jihar. A ƙarshen 1926, Karima ta tashi zuwa Tarayyar Soviet. Bayan ta dawo Bulgaria a 1928, ta wallafa littafin In Today's Russia (a cikin Bulgarian), inda ta raba ra'ayinta game da rayuwa a Tarayyar Soviet.

A cikin 1930, Karima ya zama editan jaridar *Povik* (a cikin Bulgarian: Повик, The Call). Ta mutu a ranar 6 ga Maris, 1949, a Sofia, Bulgaria . 

## Manazarta

## Haɗin waje

* https://map.herstoryproject.eu/sofia/ - Taswirar hulɗa ta Sofia, Bulgaria, tana kwatanta rayuwar matan Bulgarian waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga al'umma, gami da Anna Karima.