Robert Brustein

**Robert Sanford Brustein** (21 ga Afrilu, 1927 - 29 ga Oktoba, 2023) ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai sukar wasan kwaikwayo, furodusa, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, marubuci, kuma malami. Ya kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Yale Repertory yayin da yake aiki a matsayin shugaban makarantar wasan kwaikwayo ta Yale da ke New Haven, Connecticut, da kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayo na American Repertory da Cibiyar Horar da Masu Ba da Shawara kan Ci Gaban Wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Harvard da ke Cambridge, Massachusetts, inda ya kasance mai ba da shawara kan kirkire-kirkire har zuwa mutuwarsa, kuma shi ne mai sukar wasan kwaikwayo na *The New Republic* . Ya yi tsokaci kan siyasa ga *HuffPost* .

Brustein babban jami'in bincike ne a Jami'ar Harvard kuma fitaccen malami a Jami'ar Suffolk da ke Boston . [1] An zaɓe shi a Kwalejin Fasaha da Wasiku ta Amurka a shekarar 1999, [2] kuma a shekarar 2002, an shigar da shi cikin Zauren Fim na Amurka . [3] A shekarar 2003, ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'i a Shirin Jarida na Fasaha na Kasa [4] a Jami'ar Columbia, kuma a shekarar 2004/2005, babban jami'i ne a Cibiyar Jarida ta Fasaha ta Kasa a Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo da Kiɗa [5] a Jami'ar Kudancin California . A shekarar 2010, Shugaba Barack Obama ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Fasaha ta Kasa .

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Robert Sanford Brustein a Brooklyn, New York, a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 1927, ga Blanche Haft Brustein da Max Brustein.  Ya girma a Upper West Side na Manhattan, yana zaune a cikin ginin gida ɗaya da Sergei Rachmaninoff .   A makarantar firamare da sakandare, burinsa shine "ya zama magajin Artie Shaw a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar mawaƙa ."  Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Kiɗa da Fasaha,  da Kwalejin Amherst, inda ya sami digiri na BA a 1948  (yana ɗan karatu a shirin digiri na tarihi na tsakiyar zamanai), Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta Yale na tsawon shekara guda yana nazarin adabi da sukar wasan kwaikwayo, da Jami'ar Columbia, inda ya sami digiri na MA a 1950, da digiri na PhD a 1957, a fannin adabin wasan kwaikwayo da sukar al'adu, wanda Lionel Trilling ke kula da shi. Rubutunsa na digiri ya kasance akan marubucin wasan kwaikwayo John Marston .  A lokacin hutun jami'a, ya yi aiki a rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Merchant Marine a cikin jiragen ruwa na tankuna da na Victory, daga baya kuma a Kwalejin Kings Point da ke Long Island . Ya kuma yi karatun Fulbright Fellowship don yin karatu a Burtaniya daga 1953 zuwa 1955, inda ya jagoranci wasannin kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Nottingham .  Bayan koyarwa a Jami'ar Cornell, Kwalejin Vassar, da Columbia, inda ya zama cikakken farfesa a fannin adabin wasan kwaikwayo a sashen Turanci, ya zama Shugaban Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta Yale a 1966, kuma ya yi aiki a wannan matsayin har zuwa 1979. A wannan lokacin ne, a 1966, ya kafa Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Yale Repertory . 

A shekarar 1979, Brustein ya bar Yale zuwa Jami'ar Harvard, inda ya kafa American Repertory Theater (ART) kuma ya zama farfesa a fannin Turanci. A Harvard, ya kafa Cibiyar Horar da Masu Daraja ta Cibiyar Horar da Masu Daraja . Ya yi ritaya daga daraktan fasaha na ART a shekarar 2002, sannan ya yi aiki a sashen koyarwa na cibiyar. Ya kasance fitaccen malami a gida daga 2007, a Jami'ar Suffolk, inda ya koyar da darussa a Shakespeare Analysis.  A matsayinsa na darektan fasaha na Yale Rep daga 1966 zuwa 1979, da kuma na ART daga 1980 zuwa 2002, Brustein ya kula da shirye-shirye sama da 200, yana taka rawa a cikin takwas sannan kuma ya jagoranci 12. 

### Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa
Brustein ta auri jarumar fim Norma Ofstrock har zuwa rasuwarta a shekarar 1979. (Brustein shine uban rikon ɗan Norma Ofstrock daga auren da ta yi a baya, Phil Cates). Wannan auren ya haifar da ɗa Daniel Brustein.  A shekarar 1996, ya auri mai fafutuka kuma mai ilimi Doreen Beinart; ta wannan auren, ya zama uban rikon ɗan jarida Peter Beinart da na Jean Stern. 

Brustein ya mutu a gidansa da ke Cambridge, Massachusetts, a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2023, yana da shekaru 96. 

## Rubutu mai mahimmanci
Brustein ya kasance mai sukar wasan kwaikwayo na *The New Republic*  daga 1959 zuwa "kimanin 2000",  kuma daga baya ya ba da gudummawa ga *The Huffington Post* . Ya rubuta littattafai goma sha shida kan wasan kwaikwayo da al'umma:

### MANAZARTA