Susan Fussell

**Susan Fussell** (1832-1889) malamar Amurka ce, ma'aikaciyar jinya kuma mai ba da agaji.

## Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
An haifi Susan Fussell a Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 1832. Iyayenta sune Dokta Bartholomew da Lydia Morris Fussell, duka biyu daga tsoffin iyalai na Quaker, kuma dukansu suna gaba da lokacin su a hankali da ra'ayoyi. Bartholomew ita ce ta kafa Kwalejin likita ta farko ga mata a Amurka.

Susan ta zama matar gidan a farkon shekarunta, yayin da mahaifiyarta ta mutu lokacin da take yarinya. Mutuwar mahaifiyar ta rushe da'irar gida.

## Ayyuka
A lokacin da take da shekaru 15, ta fara koyar da makaranta, kuma daga wannan lokacin, ita ce mai goyon bayanta.

### Yaƙin basasar Amurka
A shekara ta 1861, dan uwanta na fari, wanda ke zaune a Fall Creek, Indiana, ya shiga Sojojin Tarayyar a matsayin mai sa kai, kuma ta ba da abokantaka a gidansa muddin ɗan'uwanta bai kasance ba. Ta haka ne aka gabatar da ita ga rayuwar yamma, ta ci gaba da aikinta a matsayin malami kuma ta ci gaba har zuwa 1862. A wannan lokacin, Yaƙin basasar Amurka ya karu sosai. Kira ya zo don ƙarin ma'aikatan jinya don asibitocin sojoji a Kudu, kuma Susan Fussell nan da nan ta ba da gudummawa. Ta fara kudu a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1862, kuma a karkashin kulawar Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya na Indiana, ta tafi tashar su a Memphis, Tennessee. Yanayin aikinta a can ya haɗa da marasa lafiya 120 a ƙarƙashin kulawar kansa; cewa ga 60 daga cikin waɗannan, ta ga cewa an shirya abinci na musamman; cewa ban da haka, tana da ba da abinci don a shirya wa kowa, tare da kulawar kansa na duk magunguna da abubuwan motsawa da aka ba da su. A Memphis, an shirya asibitoci takwas don shirya kewaye da Vicksburg. Ɗan'uwanta, a ƙarƙashin Janar Ulysses S. Grant, yana kula da ayyukan injiniya na wannan kewaye, har sai Vicksburg ya faɗi. Fussell ta kasance a matsayinta a Memphis, tsawon watanni takwas. Hutu na biyar da ake buƙata, makonni sun biyo baya, sannan aka tura ta zuwa Louisville, Kentucky. Ta yi aiki a wasu asibitoci a Tennessee da kuma Jeffersonville, Indiana . Ta yi rashin lafiya, kuma ɗan'uwanta ya dauke ta zuwa Fall Creek. Da aka dawo da ita lafiya, ta sake shiga aikin kuma ta kasance har sai yakin ya ƙare.

### Gidajen marayu na sojoji
A ƙarshen yaƙin, ta koma Philadelphia, amma nan da nan ta san cewa ana yin ƙoƙari don sa Jihar Indiana ta samar da gida ga marayu na sojoji, ta sake ba da hidimarta a kowane irin aiki mai amfani a wannan aikin.

George Merritt, na Indiya" id="mwOA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis, Indiana, wanda ya fi gaggawa wajen kiran hankalin jami'an jihar zuwa aikinsu a wannan al'amari, yana gano cewa babu bege, ya ba da Fussell da kuɗin da ake buƙata don yin sutura, baya, ilimi da kula da iyalin marayu goma na sojoji, da kuma kawo su zuwa balaga, idan za ta ba da ƙaunar uwa, shekarun aiki tuƙuru da sadaukar da kai, dare mara barci da haƙuri da ake buƙatu don aikin. Bayan 'yan kwanaki na yin addu'a ta yarda, kuma a cikin fall of 1865 an tattara marayu goma tare a Indianapolis daga sassa daban-daban na Jihar daga cikin wadanda ba su da abokai da za su iya ko son kula da su. A cikin bazara na 1866 an cire su zuwa Gidan Sojoji kusa da Knightstown, Indiana, inda aka sanya ƙaramin gida da lambu don amfani da su. A shekara ta 1875, ta sanya tsofaffin yara maza a cikin gidaje inda za a iya amfani da ƙarfin su na girma, kuma ta koma tare da 'yan mata da ƙananan yara maza zuwa Spiceland don samun amfanin makarantu mafi kyau. A shekara ta 1877, duk goma amma daya sun kasance masu tallafawa kansu, kuma tun daga lokacin sun dauki matsayi mai amfani da mutunci a cikin al'umma. Ɗaya daga cikin banbanci shine wani ɗan ƙaramin yaro mai rauni, wanda, tare da ɗan'uwansa, aka samo shi a cikin gidan matalauta na gundumar; Yanayinsa da sonsa nan da nan ya burge ta da bukatar gidan Jiha don yara masu rauni a Indiana, an ga ya zama dole a aika wannan yaro zuwa wata Jiha don samun ilimi. An sanya shi a wata ma'aikatar jihar makwabta, kuma kusan tana tallafawa kanta.

### Gidan Knightstown na Marasa Halitta
Tare da ƙarfin da take da shi na yau da kullun, ta tafi aiki don tattara kididdiga kan batun "Yaran da ba su da hankali" a cikin wannan da sauran Jihohi, da kuma sha'awar wasu game da jin daɗin su. A ƙarshe ta sami abokin aiki mai aiki a Charles Hubbard, wakilin daga gundumar Henry a cikin majalisa, da kuma kokarin da suka yi, tare da taimakon wasu abokai na dalilin, sun tabbatar a 1876 da aiwatar da dokar da ta kafa Gidan Yara masu rauni, wanda aka sanya shi aiki a kusa da Knightstown, Indiana.

### Gidan marayu
Kyautar da wani dangi na mahaifiyarta ya ba Fussell ta fadada damar da take da ita don yin nagarta. Ta sami isasshen kadada da kuma samar da babban gida. A cikin shekara ta farko da ta zauna a Spiceland, Fussell, ta burge da muhimmancin kyawawan, tasirin gida mai tsabta wajen renon yara don kasancewa masu gaskiya, maza da mata masu amfani, sun yi amfani da kwamishinonin gundumar don yara matalauta na Henry County. An yi la'akari da bukatar ta na dogon lokaci. Yayin da take jiran yanke shawara, ta yanke shawarar tabbatar da kafa makarantar da za a iya koyar da yara masu rauni. Don samun wannan ƙarshen, ta yi alkawarin samun ƙididdigar da ake buƙata, idan wakilin majalisar dokokin Jihar Indiana zai gabatar da lissafin. Ta cika alkawarinta, kuma a karkashin kulawar Charles Hubbard, an tabbatar da lissafin, kuma Gidan Knightstown na Raunin-Minded ya zama abin tunawa da aikinta. Bayan shekaru biyu, kwamishinonin gundumar Henry County sun amince da ba da izinin Fussell ya dauki yara daga gidan sadaka, idan dai za ta samar da gida da jirgi, tufafi, ma'aikacin jinya da kuma ilimantar da su don US $ 0.23 a kowace rana. Ta kasance mai himma don tabbatar da gwajin gwaji mai adalci, cewa ta yarda da ka'idojin rashin adalci da rashin adalci. Mutanen gundumar ba za su jimre da wannan ba, kuma an ɗaga adadin zuwa $ 0.25, kuma a ƙarshe zuwa $ 0.30. Ta haka ne aka fara gida ga yara marasa tausayi a Spiceland. An tabbatar da nasararsa, kuma wasu gidaje masu irin wannan hali a duk fadin jihar sun kasance saboda tasirin Fussell.

Sakamakon aikinta shine wucewar doka ta majalisar dokoki ta 1880-1881, tana ba wa kwamishinonin gundumar damar sanya yaransu matalauta a ƙarƙashin kulawar matron, tana ba ta kula da su kawai da cikakken yabo ga aikinta, da kuma samar da albashi da goyon bayansu. A karkashin wannan dokar, Fussell tana da dukkan yara marasa galihu na gundumar Henry a karkashin kulawarta, ta samar da gidan marayu na misali. Ta haka ne wannan mace daya ta kasance mai iko ga nagarta, kuma ta hanyar bin layin kai tsaye na aikinta, ta rinjayi doka.

## Rayuwa ta mutum
Fussell ya mutu a Spiceland, a cikin 1889. An zabe ta a matsayin memba mai daraja na ɗaya daga cikin Post na Babban Sojojin Jamhuriyar, kuma an zaɓi shida daga cikin membobin a matsayin masu ɗaukar jikinta. An binne ta a cikin Kabari na Abokai, a Fall Creek . Ta kasance memba na Society of Friends kuma koyaushe tana darajar haƙƙinta na zama memba.

## Manazarta

### Bayyanawa

*Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi rubutu daga wannan tushe, wanda ke cikinYankin jama'a: Hotuna na Tarihi na Ɗari da saba'in tare da Hotuna na Mata na Amurka a Dukkanin Rayuwa (Jami'ar Jama'a ed.). Moulton shafi na 307.  

## Haɗin waje