Gladys Cromwell

**Gladys Cromwell** (Nuwamba 28, 1885 - Janairu 19, 1919) mawaki ce ta Amurka kuma mai ba da gudummawa ta Red Cross a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na I. An san ta da waƙoƙinta masu ban sha'awa da baƙin ciki, Cromwell ta buga ayyukanta a cikin shahararrun mujallu kuma ta saki kundin waƙoƙi mai taken The Gates of Utterance and Other Poems a 1915.

Ayyukanta a cikin Red Cross tare da tagwayen 'yar uwarta, Dorothea, sun fallasa ta ga mummunan gaskiyar yaƙi, wanda ya shafi lafiyar hankalinta sosai. 'Yan uwan sun mutu ta hanyar kashe kansu yayin da suke komawa Amurka a 1919.

Bayan mutuwarsa, an yi bikin waƙoƙin Cromwell, wanda ya ba ta lambar yabo ta Poetry Society of America a 1920, kuma gudummawar da ta bayar ga adabi da aikin yaƙi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin abin da ke nuna zamaninta.[1][1]

## Tarihin rayuwa

### Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Gladys Louise Husted Cromwell a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 1885, a Brooklyn, New York . Iyayenta, Frederick Cromwell, mai kula da Kamfanin Inshora na Mutual Life na New York,   da Esther Whitmore Husted, sun kasance fitattun mambobi ne na al'ummar New York. Ta hanyar mahaifinta Cromwell ta kasance zuriyar kai tsaye ta Oliver Cromwell. Baya ga tagwayenta Dorothy, Cromwell tana da 'yan uwanta uku Mary "May", Seymour Legrand da Ellis. Yaronsa Ellis ya mutu a shekara ta 1892 lokacin da Cromwell ke da shekaru bakwai.

Iyalin sun raba lokacin su tsakanin mazauninsu a Manhattan  (No. 3 West 56th) da kuma gidan su na Ellis Court  a Bernardsville .

## Ilimi
An koyar da 'yan uwan Cromwell a asirce, daya daga cikin masu kula da su shine Mary Horgan, wanda daga baya zai auri John Mowbray-Clarke. Horgan da 'yan uwan Cromwell za su ci gaba da hulɗa ko da bayan Horgan ta bar matsayinta kuma ta ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara da karewa kamar dangantaka. 'Yan uwan za su halarci tarurruka tare da marubuta da masu zane-zane a kantin sayar da littattafai na Sunwise Turn, mallakar Mowbray-Clarke da Madge Jenison.

Cromwell daga baya ta sami ilimi a Brearley, makarantar masu zaman kansu, kuma ta yi tafiya sosai a duk faɗin Turai  tare da Anne Dunn (tsohuwar malama daga kwanakinta na Brearley) 

'Yan uwan sun fara shiga cikin al'ummar New York a 1906  suna da shekaru ashirin da uku. Ko da yake an dauke su da jin kunya, Cromwell da 'yar'uwarta sun shiga cikin harkokin zamantakewa kuma sun kasance mambobi ne na kulob din zamantakewa Ladies' Four-in-Hand Club  (wani takwaransa na mambobin maza kawai Coaching Club) Kungiyar Koyarwa) 

## Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen
 
Cromwell ya fara rubuta waka tun yana ƙarami. Koyaya, iyalinta da farko sun yi tsayayya da aikin bugawa, suna kallon shi a matsayin tsangwama ga sirrin su. Duk da wannan, Cromwell ya sami nasarar buga *Waƙoƙi* da yawa a cikin mujallu kamar Harper's Magazine,  Waƙoƙi Da Sabon Jamhuriyar a ƙarƙashin sunan *Helen Jaffreys*  An buga tarin waƙoƙinta na farko, The Gates of Utterance and Other Poems, a cikin 1915.

A cikin 1916, Cromwells za su ci gaba da tafiya a kan hanyar zuwa 'yancin kai lokacin da suka yi hayar wani gida a kusurwar Park Avenue da 61st Street, a 535 Park Avenue.  

### Yaƙin Duniya na I da mutuwa
Shigar da Amurka cikin yakin duniya na a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1917 ya yi tasiri sosai ga rayuwar Gladys Cromwell da aikinta. A watan Janairun 1918, ita da tagwayen 'yar uwarta, Dorothea, sun shiga kungiyar Red Cross na Amurka.[1] Wataƙila za a iya fahimtar shawararsu ta hanyar tasirin da ke cikin rayuwarsu. 'Yar'uwar Cromwell May, wacce ke zaune a Paris ta riga ta kasance mai aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar agaji a 1916, tana taimaka wa Marayu na yaki na Belgium da surukar Cromwell Agnes ta rike mukami a Kwamitin Ayyukan Mata a matsayin mai ba da kuɗi. Kwamitin ya yi aiki tare da Red Cross kuma babban manufarsa ita ce daukar mata maimakon maza a matsayin da ba na yaƙi ba, kamar aikin agaji. Bugu da ƙari 'yar'uwar ta ji cewa aikin su ne; [2]

### Sanarwar bayan mutuwarsa
Don nuna godiya ga hidimarsu, gwamnatin Faransa ta ba su lambar yabo ta Croix de Guerre da Médaille de Reconnaissance française. An buga kundi na biyu na *Waƙoƙi*, Poems (1919),  wanda ya ƙunshi ayyukan daga littafinta na baya da kuma *Waƙoƙi* da ba a buga su ba a baya. Waƙoƙi sun raba kyautar 1920 daga Ƙungiyar Waƙoƙoƙi ta Amurka tare da John G. Neihardt's The Song of Three Friends . Waƙoƙinta, waɗanda ke da sautin baƙin ciki da tunani, sun nuna raunin kansa da na rukuni na lokacinta.

## Manazarta