Hakkin marasa lafiya a New Zealand

**Hakkin marasa lafiya na kwakwalwa a New Zealand** an rufe su a cikin doka ta hanyar Dokar 'Yancin New Zealand ta 1990 da Dokar Lafiya da Hakkin Masu Amfani da Kula da Lafiya. Sashe na 11 na Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ya bayyana cewa "kowane mutum yana da damar ƙin yin wani magani". Koyaya Dokar Lafiya ta Zuciya (Matsayi da Bincike) ta 1992 ta ba da damar tilasta maganin marasa lafiya da ke da manyan cututtukan kwakwalwa waɗanda ba su yarda ba. Wannan dokar ta kuma ba da damar tsare da kuma kula da mutanen da suka aikata laifuka amma waɗanda aka ɗauka ba su cancanci yin roƙo ba ko kuma an same su ba su da laifi saboda rashin hankali.

## Magani na kiwon lafiya da Dokar 'Yancin
Sashe na 11 na Dokar 'Yancin Kai ya bayyana cewa "kowane mutum yana da damar ƙin yin wani magani". Koyaya, yawancin marasa lafiya na lafiyar kwakwalwa ana kula da su a ƙarƙashin Dokar Lafiya ta Zuciya (Matsayi da Bincike). Sashe na 4, 5 da 6 na NZBORA yana ba da damar iyakancewa mai ma'ana akan haƙƙin da dokar ta tsara. Sashe na 6 ya ce:

Kalmar "kowane mutum" a cikin s11 an fassara shi don nufin "kowane mutumin da ya cancanci yarda". Kwarewa tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yanke shawara na ma'aikatan asibiti yayin neman kula da marasa lafiya da tilastawa.

### ''Re M'' shari'ar
Dokar kiwon lafiyar kwakwalwa ta baya, Dokar Kiwon Lafiya ta 1969, an kalubalanci ta dangane da NZBORA a cikin 1991 a cikin batun Re M. A watan Yunin 1984, M ya tsare ta hanyar kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa bayan ya bayyana cewa ya yi niyyar kashe wata mace da ya damu da ita sannan ya kashe kansa. Ma'aikatan asibiti sun kammala cewa damuwarsa tana da tsananin yaudara kuma cewa haɗarinsa ga kansa da sauransu ya isa ya tsare shi a karkashin s24 na Dokar Lafiya ta Zuciya ta 1969. Babban Kotun New Zealand ta yi la'akari da ko tsare mutumin ya kasance, a karkashin Dokar 'Yancin 1990, "mai son rai". An gudanar da cewa kin sakin M ba na son rai ba ne, bisa ga shaidar cewa yana da rikicewar hankali, kuma ya sanya haɗari ga jama'a da kansa. Wannan fassarar ta biyo bayan Dokar yanzu.

## Dokar Lafiya da Hakkin Masu Amfani
Dokar Lafiya da Hakkin Masu Amfani da Kula da Lafiya ta fara aiki a shekarar 1996. Dokar ƙasa ce, wacce Dokar Kwamishinan Lafiya da Naƙasasshe ta 1994 ta ba da izini. Sashe na 20 (1) na Dokar Kwamishinan Lafiya da Naƙasasshe ya tsara batutuwan da Dokar ta kamata ta rufe. Wannan ya haɗa da ka'idar cewa, ban da ka'idoji ko tanadi a cikin Dokar, ba za a aiwatar da tsarin kiwon lafiya ba tare da izinin sani ba, ayyuka da wajibai na masu ba da kiwon lafiya da haƙƙin masu amfani.

### Hakki a ƙarƙashin lambar

# Hakkin da za a bi da shi da girmamawa
# Hakkin 'Yanci daga nuna bambanci, tilasta, tsangwama da cin zarafi
# Hakkin Girma da 'Yanci
# Hakkin Sabis na Daidaitaccen Matsayi
# Hakkin Sadarwa Mai Inganci
# Hakkin A Bayyana Doka
# Hakkin Zaɓin Bayani da Bayani da Ba da Bayani
# Hakkin Taimako
# Hakki game da Koyarwa da Bincike
# Hakkin yin gunaguni.

Yayinda aka gabatar da Dokar bayan Dokar Lafiya ta Zuciya (Matsayi da Bincike), biyun ba sa cikin rikici. Kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Sashe na 5, "Babu wani abu a cikin [The] Code zai buƙaci mai ba da izini ya yi aiki a kan karya duk wani wajibin doka ko aikin da kowane doka ta sanya ko hana mai ba da sabis yin aikin da kowane aiki ya ba da izinin".[the] A cewar Sylvia Bell,

#### Yanayin tunani mara kyau
Duk da yake sashi na 2 ba shi da tabbas game da abin da ya zama "yanayin tunani mara kyau", kotuna sun gano cewa wannan kalma ce ta doka wacce "tauna yanayin tunanin mai haƙuri tare da la'akari da abin da al'umma ke ɗauka a matsayin na al'ada". Wannan ma'anar tana ba da damar yanayin da za a iya rarraba shi azaman rikicewar hankali ta hanyar aikin likita (kamar matsalar jima'i) don kauce wa ma'anar doka wacce za ta ba da damar waɗanda ke da irin wannan yanayin su kasance ƙarƙashin kulawa ta tilas a ƙarƙashin Dokar Lafiya ta Zuciya.

#### Ci gaba ko lokaci-lokaci
Rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa ba lallai bane ya nufin cewa mutum ba shi da rikicewar hankali. Haɗakar da kalmar "intermittent" tana ba da damar likitoci don tabbatar da bin haƙuri da magani inda magani ya haifar da raguwa kuma dakatar da magani zai haifar da sake dawo da rashin lafiya.

### Sashe na 6 na Dokar
Sashe na 6 na MHA ya tsara haƙƙin marasa lafiya da ke karɓar kulawar lafiyar kwakwalwa. Wadannan hakkoki sune:

# Hakkin jama'a na bayanai 
# Darajar al'adun al'adu 
# Hakkin magani 
# Hakkin a sanar da shi game da magani 
# Ƙarin haƙƙoƙi idan akwai rikodin gani ko sauti 
# Hakkin samun shawara mai zaman kanta na likita 
# Hakkin samun shawara ta shari'a 
# Hakkin zama tare, da kuma warewa 
# Hakkin karɓar baƙi da yin kiran waya 
# Hakkin karɓar wasiƙu da labaran gidan waya 
# Hakkin aika wasiƙu da labaran gidan waya 
# Hakkin yin korafi lokacin da aka keta hakkoki 

Yayinda aka haɗa wasu daga cikin waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a cikin Dokar Lafiya ta Zuciya ta baya (1969), wasu sabbin ne ga doka. Koyaya wasu, kamar haƙƙin karɓar baƙi da yin kiran waya, an dauke su da mahimmanci kuma an ga ba dole ba ne a haɗa su cikin doka. Sashe na 64 na Dokar ya bayyana cewa mutum dole ne ya karɓi sanarwa game da haƙƙoƙinsa a ƙarƙashin Dokar a rubuce a farkon magani. Koyaya, a aikace bazai dace ba koyaushe don ba da wannan bayanin ga marasa lafiya idan ba su da lafiya sosai. Wadannan hakkoki suna da mahallin. Marasa lafiya suna da waɗannan haƙƙoƙin saboda matsayinsu na mai kula da hankali  .

## Dubi kuma

* Lafiyar kwakwalwa a New Zealand

## Manazarta