Winnie Ewing

**Winifred Margaret Ewing** FRSA (née Woodburn; 10 ga Yulin 1929 - 21 ga Yunin 2023) lauya ce kuma 'yar siyasa ta Scotland wacce ta kasance sananniya a cikin Jam'iyyar Scottish National Party .

An haife ta kuma ta girma a Glasgow, Ewing ta yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Glasgow, inda ta shiga kungiyar Scottish Nationalist Association ta jami'ar. Bayan kammala karatunta, ta yi aiki a matsayin lauya, ta yi hidima a matsayin sakatariyar kungiyar lauyoyin Glasgow daga 1962 zuwa 1967. An zabi Ewing a cikin House of Commons a zaben Hamilton na 1967 kuma kasancewarta a Westminster ta haifar da hauhawar membobin SNP. Kodayake ta rasa kujerarta a Zaben 1970, an sake zabar ta a watan Fabrairu 1974, a wannan lokacin don mazabar Moray da Nairn. Ewing ta rasa kujerarta a Zaben 1979 kuma, bayan da ta yi ƙoƙari da yawa don neman sake zaben, ta kasa yin hakan.

An zabi Ewing a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai a Zaben 1979, wakiltar Highlands da Islands. A Turai, ta sami laƙabi Madame Écosse saboda goyon bayanta ga bukatun Scotland. A shekara ta 1987, ta zama shugabar jam'iyyar Scottish National Party . Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban kungiyar European Radical Alliance kuma a shekarar 1995 ta zama 'yar majalisa mafi tsawo a Burtaniya. A Zaben farko na majalisar dokokin Scotland, an zabe ta don wakiltar Highlands da Islands. A matsayinta na mamba mafi tsufa, aikinta ne ya jagoranci bude majalisar dokokin Scotland.

## Rayuwa ta farko
An haifi Ewing Winifred MA Woodburn a ranar 10 ga Yulin 1929 a Glasgow, ga Christina Bell Anderson da George Woodburn, mai mallakar ƙaramin kasuwanci. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Battlefield da Makarantar Sakandare ta Queen's Park . A shekara ta 1946 ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Glasgow inda ta kammala karatu tare da MA da LLB .  Ko da yake ba ta da ƙwazo a siyasa a wannan lokacin, ta shiga ƙungiyar Student Nationalists .  Bayan kammala karatunta, ta cancanci kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin lauya da notary na jama'a. Ta kasance Sakatariyar kungiyar lauyoyin Glasgow daga 1962 zuwa 1967.

## Ayyukan siyasa

### Zaɓin zuwa Westminister

Ewing ta zama mai aiki a yakin neman 'yancin Scotland ta hanyar kasancewa memba na kungiyar Scottish Nationalist Association ta Jami'ar Glasgow, kuma ta lashe zaben Hamilton na 1967 a matsayin dan takarar Scottish National Party (SNP).  An zabe ta ne tare da taimakon wata kungiya ciki har da wakilin zabe, John McAteer . A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, ta fara fitowa a Westminster, tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta suna tare da ita a kan tafiya. Ta isa majalisa a cikin Hillman Imp da aka gina a Scotland kuma taron jama'a da ƙungiyar bututu sun gaishe ta.

Ewing ta ce a lokacin "ta dakatar da duniya, Scotland na so ta ci gaba", kuma kasancewarta a Westminster ta haifar da hauhawar membobin SNP. An yi hasashen cewa nasarar zaben Ewing ya haifar da kafa Hukumar Kilbrandon ta gwamnatin Labour ta Harold Wilson don duba yiwuwar Majalisar Scotland. A baya ana iya cewa alama ce ta fara siyasar zamani a Scotland, a cewar Farfesa Richard Finlay na Jami'ar Strathclyde, yana kawo matasa da mata daga wadanda ba na siyasa ba zuwa siyasa a karon farko, yayin da kungiyar jam'iyyar Labour da Tory da lambobin reshe ke raguwa.

Duk da babban martabarta, Ewing ba ta yi nasara ba wajen riƙe kujerar Hamilton a Babban zaben 1970.  A zaben da ya biyo baya na watan Fabrairun 1974 ta tsaya ga Moray da Nairn kuma an mayar da ita Westminster, kodayake wani zabe ya biyo baya a watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar lokacin da yawancin ta suka ƙi. Bayan zaben Oktoba an sanar da ita a matsayin mai magana da yawun SNP kan harkokin waje da EEC.

### Majalisar Tarayyar Turai
Ta fara zama 'yar majalisa a 1975, a lokacin da Majalisar Tarayyar Turai har yanzu ta kunshi wakilan wakilai daga majalisun kasa.[1] Ta rasa kujerarta ta Westminster a Zaben Mayu 1979, amma a cikin makonni ta sami kujerar a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai a zaben farko kai tsaye na Majalisar. Ewing bai yi nasara ba wajen neman komawa Westminster a matsayin dan takarar SNP na Orkney da Shetland a 1983, yana zuwa na uku.

An zabi Ewing a matsayin Shugaban Jam'iyyar SNP a shekarar 1987. A lokacin da take 'yar majalisa ce ta sami laƙabi  (Faransanci don 'Mrs Scotland') saboda goyon bayanta ga bukatun Scotland a Strasbourg da Brussels. Le Monde ne ya fara amfani da wannan lakabin kuma tare da Ewing ta amfani da kalmar a matsayin alamar girman kai, ya makale. A shekara ta 1995 ta zama 'yar majalisa mafi tsawo a Burtaniya. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Radical Alliance ta Turai,  wanda ban da SNP ya haɗa da 'yan majalisar dokokin Faransa, Belgium, Italiya da Mutanen Espanya.

## Manazarta