open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Yakin Chadi da Nijeriya

**Yaƙin Chadi da Najeriya** wani ɗan takaitaccen yaki ne da aka gwabza akan masu iko da tsibiran da ke tafkin Chadi. Yakin dai ya fara ne a lokacin da dakarun da ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin babban hafsan sojin Chadi Idriss Deby suka mamaye wasu sassan jihar Bornon Najeriya, inda sojojin Najeriya ƙarƙashin jagorancin Muhammadu Buhari suka fatattaki ƴan ƙasar Chadi tare da mamaye yankin na Chadi na wani ɗan lokaci.  

## Yaƙin
Yakin ya faru ne a lokacin rikicin Chadi da Libya, kuma jim kaɗan bayan ƙasar Chadi ta fuskanci yaƙin basasa, inda dakarun wanzar da zaman lafiya na Najeriya suka tsinci kansu a cikin rikici. Wani abin da ya kara dagula dangantakar Chadi da Najeriya shi ne rikicin yankunan da ke kewayen tafkin Chadi, wanda ya dade yana haifar da tashin hankali.

A ranar 18 ga Afrilun 1983, sojojin Chadi suka mamaye tare da mamaye tsibirai 19 a tafkin Chadi. Gwamnatin Najeriya ƙarƙashin jagorancin Shehu Shagari ta bayar da umarnin tura dakaru daga shiyya ta 3 masu sulke na Jos ƙarƙashin jagorancin Muhammadu Buhari a matsayin babban kwamandan sojoji (GOC). An rufe iyakar Chadi da Najeriya kuma sojoji sun yi tattaki zuwa yankin. Sai dai saboda matsin lamba daga masu fasa ƙwauri, tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari ya umurci, Buhari da ya buɗe iyakar. An aiwatar da wannan umarni ne a lokacin da babban hafsan sojin kasa, Janar Inua Wushishi ya sanar da umarnin shugaban ƙasar. Sojojin Najeriya sun yi nasarar kwato tsibiran, sannan kuma sun fatattaki 'yan kasar Chadin mai nisan kilomita 50 daga kan iyakokin ƙasar.

## Bayan nan
Yaƙin yana ɗaya daga cikin musabbabin juyin mulkin Najeriya a 1983. Nuna gazawar shugaba Shagari da jami’an sa suka yi, wanda hakan ne ya sa Buhari ya fito fili ya yi watsi da umarnin da aka ba shi, ya nuna yadda ake takun saka tsakanin sojoji da gwamnatin farar hula. A ranar 31 ga watan Disambar 1983, Muhammadu Buhari ya karbi mulki a Najeriya, inda ya kawo karshen Jamhuriyyar Najeriya ta biyu.

## Manazarta
Jill E. Brown

**Jill E. Brown** (an haife ta a shekara ta 1950) matukin jirgin Ba’amurke ce mai ritaya, wacce ita ce macen Ba’amurke ta farko da ta zama matukin jirgi na babban jirgin fasinja na Amurka.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Jill Elaine Brown ga Gilbert da Elaine Brown a cikin 1950 a Baltimore, Maryland.A lokacin da ta kai shekara 11,Ta fara tukin forklift a kamfanin gine-gine na mahaifinta, kuma tana da shekara 17 ta shiga cikin sauran ’yan uwanta wajen daukar darussan tuki. Ita ce ta farko a cikin danginta da ta sami lasisin matukin jirgi, tare da jirginta na farko da ya ke tafiya a cikin Piper J-3 Cub. Daga nan ta fara tashi da dangin Piper PA-28 Cherokee, mai suna *Little Golden Hawk*.

Bayan ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Arundel,ta tafi Jami'ar Maryland, inda ta yi karatun tattalin arzikin gida bisa shawarar mahaifiyarta. 

## Sana'a

Bayan haka, ta fara aiki a matsayin malami amma ta yanke shawarar yin aikin tashi sama a matsayin sana'a, inda ta shiga rundunar sojojin ruwan Amurka a 1974 don horar da jirgin. Brown ita ce mace Ba-Amurke ta farko da ta fara samun horon. Shigarta,da rantsuwar da ta yi da Tuskegee Airman Spann Watson an rufe su sosai a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na Afirka-Amurka.

Ba ta son zama a soja, kuma ta tafi tare da girmamawa bayan watanni shida. Brown ya yarda cewa ba za ta iya "cire bakinta ba" kuma ta yi wasu manyan kurakuraiiTa ji wulakanci lokacin da ta tafi, kuma da farko ta ƙi barin gidanta. Ta shawo kan Warren H. Wheeler na Wheeler Airlines ya ba ta aiki, da farko a matsayin clark-counter amma Brown a matsayin Wheeler ba shi da guraben aikin matukin jirgi. A ƙarshe ta yi aiki ta hanyar zuwa matsayin matukin jirgi. Daga sa'o'inta na sirri da kuma aiki a Wheeler, ta sami damar tattara sa'o'in tashi sama 1,200 da ake buƙata don tashi don babban jirgin sama. A 1978, ta shiga Texas International Airlines a matsayin matukin jirgi, inda ta zama matukin jirgi mace ta farko Ba-Amurke a babban jirgin saman Amurka. Duk da haka, ta ji ana amfani da ita don tallatawa da kamfanin jirgin.

## Nassoshi
Nico Paz

**Nicolás "Nico" Paz Martínez** (an haife shi ne a ranar 8 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 2004) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar La Liga ta Real Madrid. An haife shi a Spain, matashi ne na kasa da kasa na Argentina.

## Ƙungiya
A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 2023, Paz ya fara buga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai don Real Madrid a wasan matakin rukuni da Braga a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a cikin mintuna na 77 don maye gurbin Federico Valverde a filin wasa na Santiago Bernabéu.A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2023, Paz ya buga wasansa na farko na La Liga don Real Madrid a cikin nasara da ci 5 – 1 akan Valencia, wanda ya zo a madadin Dani Carvajal a cikin mintuna na 82. A ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a gasar zakarun Turai a wasan da suka doke Napoli da ci 4-2.

## ƙasa
An haife shi a Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Paz ya cancanci wakiltar Spain da Argentina a matakin duniya.An kira shi zuwa babban tawagar kasar Argentina a cikin Maris 2022. Har ila yau, an kira shi zuwa tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 na Argentina don gasar Maurice Revello na 2022 a Faransa. An saka sunan Paz a cikin 'yan wasa 48 na farko da Argentina za ta buga a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2022 a Qatar.

## Rayuwar Sirri
Paz dan tsohon dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafan ƙasar Argentina ne Pablo Paz, wanda ya taka leda a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA a shekarar 1998 a Faransa.

## Manazarta
Althea Warren

**Althea Hester Warren** (18 ga Disamba, 1886Disamba 19,1958) shi ne darektan Laburaren Jama'a na Los Angeles (California) daga 1933 zuwa 1947 kuma shugaban Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Amurka a 1943-1944.An shigar da ita cikin Ƙungiyar Laburare ta California Library Hall of Fame a cikin 2013.

## Farkon rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Warren a ranar 18 ga Disamba,1886 a Waukegan,Illinois,zuwa Lansing Warren da Emma Blodgett.Ta halarci Jami'ar Chicago daga 1904 zuwa 1908.Bayan tafiya kasashen waje a Turai,Warren ya fara karatun ɗakin karatu a Jami'ar Wisconsin,ya kammala karatunsa a 1911.Ita ma'aikaciyar reshe ce a cikin "ƙauyen matalauta" a cikin tsarin Laburaren Jama'a na Chicago, kuma ta kuma gudanar da reshe a cikin Sears,kantin Roebuck a wannan birni,wanda ke hidima ga ma'aikatan kantin.A cikin 1914 ta ƙaura tare da danginta zuwa San Diego,California,kuma a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya ta taimaka wajen ba da littattafai ga sojoji a Camp Kearny,California,a wajen San Diego. Ta yi aiki a tsarin Laburaren Jama'a na San Diego kuma ita ce shugabar laburare a can daga 1916 zuwa 1926.Ta ƙaura zuwa Laburaren Jama'a na Los Angeles a ƙarshen shekara,bayan an zaɓi ta don kula da duk ɗakunan karatu na tsarin. A cikin 1933 ta zama shugabar ɗakin karatu na LAPL, ɗaya daga cikin mata shida da ke kula da manyan ɗakunan karatu na jama'a a Amurka a lokacin. 

A cikin Nuwamba 1941, Warren, wanda ake la'akari da "# 1 a fagen mata masu karatu," ya ɗauki hutu daga aikinta na Los Angeles don zama darekta na Yaƙin Neman Litattafan Tsaro na ALA, wanda ke neman tattarawa da tsara rarraba littattafai ga Amurkawa. masu hidima. Yaƙin neman zaɓe, mai hedikwata a birnin New York,daga ƙarshe ya zama sananne a cikin ƙawayenta na kusa da "yar Warren."Warren shi ne shugaban Ƙungiyar Laburaren California a 1921 da kuma Shugaban Ƙungiyar Laburaren Amirka(ALA)a 1943-1944. Ta yi aiki a matakin ƙasa don ƙara tallafin tarayya ga dakunan karatu da kuma kawo ƙarshen wariyar da ƴan ɗakin karatu na Amurkawa Amurka ke fuskanta a otal ɗin taro na ALA.

Warren ya yi ritaya a cikin 1947 sannan ya koyar a shirye-shiryen kimiyyar laburare a Wisconsin da Michigan da kuma Jami'ar Kudancin California .

 

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Warren ɗan luwaɗi ne.Ita da Gladys Turanci,Shugaban Laburare na Jama'a na Los Angeles na Sashen Yara, sun kasance cikin ƙauna,(Orlean,*Littafin Laburare*, shafi 197), suna zaune da tafiya tare har tsawon shekaru.Bayan Turanci ya mutu,Warren ya ƙirƙiri Ƙungiyar Gladys.

## Manazarta
Arlene Mosel

**Arlene Tichy Mosel** (Agusta 27,1921-Mayu 1996) ma'aikacin laburare na yara ba'amurke ne wanda ya rubuta rubutun don littattafan hotuna na yara biyu da suka sami lambar yabo wanda Blair Lent *Tikki Tikki Tembo* ya kwatanta ya lashe lambar yabo ta Boston Globe–Horn Book Award kuma Lent ya lashe lambar yabo ta shekara-shekara.Lambar yabo ta Caldecott don *ƙaramar mace mai ban dariya* .

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haife ta a matsayin Arlene Tichy a ranar 27 ga Agusta,1921,a Cleveland, Ohio ga Edward J.Tichy,mai zane da Marie Fingulin Tichy. Ta halarci Jami'ar Wesleyan ta Ohio,inda aka ba ta digiri na farko a fannin fasaha a 1942,sannan ta halarci Jami'ar Western Reserve (yanzu Case Western Reserve University) inda ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin Kimiyyar Laburare a 1959.Ta auri injiniyan tallace-tallace Victor H.Mosel a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 1942,wanda ta haifi 'ya'ya uku tare da su; Nancy Mosel Farrar, Joanne da James.

Mosel ya kasance mataimaki a sashen yara a Laburaren Kyauta na Enoch Pratt a Baltimore,kafin ya zama mataimakin farfesa a fannin kimiyyar laburare a Jami'ar Case Western Reserve.Ta kasance mataimakiyar mai kula da Ayyukan Yara a Laburaren Jama'a na gundumar Cuyahoga .

Littafin *Tikki Tikki Tembo* Holt ne ya buga shi a shekara ta 1968 kuma Blair Lent ya kwatanta shi, An gabatar da shi a matsayin sake ba da labari na al'adar kasar Sin game da wani yaro wanda cetonsa bayan fada cikin rijiya ya yi jinkiri saboda sunansa mai tsawo.An san littafin a matsayin Littafin Sanannen ALA  kuma an gane shi a waccan shekarar tare da lambar yabo ta Boston Globe – Horn Book. A cikin 1997, *[[New York Times|jaridar New York Times]]* ta zaɓi littafin a cikin jerin littattafan yara 50 mafi kyau na shekaru 50 da suka gabata. An yi nuni da cewa,watakila labarin ya samo asali ne daga tatsuniyar Jugemu ta Japan maimakon tatsuniyar Sinawa. 

A cikin wani haɗin gwiwa tare da mai zane Blair Lent,Labarin Mosel na 1972 *The Funny Small Woman*,wanda EP Dutton ya buga, ya lashe lambar yabo ta Caldecott don zane,kuma an gane shi a matsayin Littafin Daraja don lambar yabo ta Globe – Horn Book da kuma 1974 Hans Christian Andersen International Book Awards.

Mosel ya mutu a watan Mayu 1996 a Indianapolis.

## Manazarta
Aurora Díaz-Plaja da Contestí

**Aurora Díaz-Plaja i Contestí** (7 Agusta 1913&#x2013; 8 Disamba 2003)  marubucin Catalan ne kuma ma'aikacin laburare.An haife shi a Barcelona,Díaz-Plaja kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai suka,ɗan jarida, malami,kuma mai fassara yayin aikinta.Ita ce 'yar'uwar marubuta Ferran Díaz-Plaja i Contestí da Guillem Díaz-Plaja i Contestí.Ayyukanta da aka buga sun haɗa da batutuwa irin su sarrafa ɗakin karatu,da kuma labarun yara ƙanana,a cikin Catalan da Mutanen Espanya.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
A cikin shekara ta 1933,Díaz-Plaja ya sami digiri na ɗakin karatu,yana aiki da farko a Palma de Mallorca.A lokacin yakin basasa na Sipaniya,ta kasance mai kula da ayyukan kai tsaye zuwa asibitoci da aika littattafai zuwa fagen fama.Bayan yakin,ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu kuma mai kula da kayan tarihi,wanda ke da alhakin ɗakunan karatu na Catalonia,ciki har da ɗakin karatu na yara na Ciutadella Park a Barcelona,wanda ta jagoranci daga 1963 zuwa 1973.

Díaz-Plaja kuma marubuci ne kan batutuwa kamar sarrafa laburare,ilimi da tarihin adabi.Ayyukanta sun bayyana a jaridu *El Ciervo*,*Avui*,*Serra d'Or* da *[[El Món|El Mon]]*.A 1955,ta lashe lambar yabo ta ƙasa don Mafi kyawun Littafin Yara. A cikin shekara ta 1982,ta shirya nunin yaren Catalan na farko na littattafan yara a ɗakin karatu na matasa na duniya a Munich.A shekara ta 1998,ta sami kyautar Creu de Sant Jordi. A wannan shekarar,ta ba da tarin littattafan yara, fiye da ayyuka 1,500, ga Jami'ar Catalan d'Estiu.Ta kasance memba mai daraja na Associació d'Escriptors en Llengua Catalana,wanda, daga 2000,ya ba da kyautar wallafe-wallafen da ke ɗauke da sunanta.Ta mutu a Barcelona a shekara ta 2003.

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

* *El-rey Negro* (1953)
* *Tres rondalles de Nadal* (1954)
* *La niña de los sueños de colores* (1959)
* *La isla llena* (1961)
* *La ruta del sol* (1965)
* *Daga juego da juego...* *ku libro!* (1961)
* *La rana que salta* (1968)
* *El foc de Sant Joan* (1969)
* *Ahïmsa, la no-violència de Gandhi* (1987)
* *Daga Till Olibaspill* (1979)
* *Vides paral·leles o contes de debò* (1980)
* *Komawa zuwa ga ci gaba da biblioteca* (1960;)
* *La Biblioteca a l'escola* (1970)

## Manazarta
Barbara Fister

**Barbara Fister** (an haife shi a shekara ta 1954) marubuciya Ba’amurke ce,mai rubutun ra’ayin kanka a yanar gizo,ma’aikaciyar ɗakin karatu,wacce aka fi sani da rubutunta game da ɗakunan karatu da kuma rawar da suke takawa wajen koyo na ɗalibai. Ita ce mai ba da gudummawa akai-akai ga Library Babel Fish don Ciki Higher Ed da kuma ACRLog,blog ta kuma ga masu karatu na ilimi da bincike.

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Fister a Madison,Wisconsin a cikin 1954 zuwa Bruce da Rosemary Westley.Ta auri William T.Fister a shekarar 1975,kuma ta sami BA a Jami'ar Kentucky a shekara mai zuwa. ci gaba da karɓar MLIS daga Jami'ar Texas a Austin a 1981,da MA a cikin Adabin Turanci daga Jami'ar Jihar Minnesota, Mankato a 1992. Fister ma'aikacin laburare ne na ilimi kuma farfesa a Kwalejin Gustavus Adolphus,kuma yanzu yana riƙe da matsayin Farfesa Emerita.Ita ce Ƙwararriyar Ilimin Bayanin Ayyukan a Mazauni.Tana da yara biyu, Timothawus da Rosemary.

## Ayyukan da aka zaɓa

### Magana yana aiki

* *Littattafan Mata na Duniya na Uku: Kamus da Jagora ga Materials a Turanci* (Greenwood Press, 1995)
* (Tare da Diana Hacker) *Bincike da Takardu a cikin Zaman Lantarki* (St. Martin's, 2010)

* "Karanta, Haɗari, da Gaskiya: Masu karatun digiri na biyu da Karatu don Ni'ima," tare da Julie Gilbert, ''Koleji da Dakunan karatu na Bincike'' 72.5 (Satumba 2011): 474-495. 
* "'Karanta a matsayin Tuntuɓi Wasanni': Rukunin Littattafai na Kan layi da Matsalolin Karatun Jama'a." *Magana da Sabis na Mai Amfani Kwata-kwata*, 44.4 (Summer 2005): 303-309.
* "Laifuka na Kwafi: Fiction na Laifuka da Kasuwar Damuwa." *Alamomi: Jaridar Ganewa* 23.3 (Spring 2005): 43-56.
* "Koyar da Ma'anar Mahimman Bayanai na Bincike." ''Dabarun Bincike'' 11.4 (Faɗuwar 1993): 211-219  .

## Manazarta
Gunilla Herdenberg

**Gunilla Herdenberg** (an haife shi 18 Fabrairu 1956) ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu ce ta Sweden.Ta rike mukamin Ma'aikacin Laburaren Kasa da Darakta na Laburaren Kasa na Sweden daga 2012 har zuwa 2019.Daga 2007 zuwa 2012,ta kasance shugabar hdin gwiwar kasa a dakin karatu na kasa.

Herdenberg yana da asali a matsayin Ma'aikacin Laburaren Birni a Lund.Ta kasance memba na allon da yawa, da sauransu Lund University Library,Library Service AB da Swedish Library Association. 

## Manazarta
Jean Arnot

**Jean Fleming Arnot** MBE (23 Afrilu 1903 - 27 Satumba 1995)ma'aikacin laburare ne na Australiya,ƙwararren ƙwadago,mai fafutukar samun daidaiton albashi ga mata da mata .Ta yi aiki a Laburaren Jiha na New South Wales daga 1921 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 1968.

## Rayuwar farko

An haifi Jean Arnot a Pymble, New South Wales, a ranar 23 ga Afrilu 1903.Ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Fort Street.Arnot ta ji daɗin ilimin lissafi a makaranta kuma tana fatan yin nazarin kimiyya a jami'a,amma yanayin danginta ya hana ta ci gaba da karatu.

## Sana'a
Aikin Arnot a Laburaren Jiha na New South Wales ya fara ne da rawar mataimakin ƙaramin ɗakin karatu na ɗan lokaci a cikin Maris 1921. Ta kasance tana sane da rarrabuwar kawuna na albashin da mata ke samu,alal misali ma’aikacin tsaftacewa na namiji an biya shi da yawa fiye da ma’aikaciyar dakin karatun digiri a lokacin da ta shiga ma’aikatan laburare.Ta zama mai fafutukar neman daidaiton albashi ga mata daga 1937 zuwa gaba.

Arnot ya ci gaba ta hanyar ayyuka da yawa a ɗakin karatu, gami da jeri na kasida,ma'aikacin fadada ɗakin karatu da ke ba da sabis ga yankunan ƙasar New South Wales,shugaban katalogi kuma mai riko da laburare Mitchell daga 1956-1958.Ta kuma sami tallafi daga Majalisar Biritaniya da Kamfanin Carnegie na New York wanda ya ba ta damar yin balaguro a cikin 1948–1949 don nazarin ayyukan ɗakin karatu a Burtaniya da Arewacin Amurka. Duk da amincewar da masu kula da ɗakin karatu suka yi na nasarorin da ta samu a matsayin Muƙaddashin Librarian Mitchell a lokacin rashin Phyllis Mander-Jones,Arnot bai yi nasara ba wajen neman mukamin Mitchell Librarian a 1958.

A cikin 1961,Arnot ya kasance memba na tawagar Ostiraliya zuwa Babban Taron Kasa da Kasa na Farko akan Ka'idodin Kasidar,wanda aka gudanar a Paris.Daga cikin wakilai masu wakiltar kasashe hamsin da uku,ciki har da Dr SR Ranganathan daga Indiya da Seymour Lubetzky daga Laburare na Majalisa,an rubuta irin gudunmawar da Arnot ya bayar ga tattaunawar a cikin takardun taron.

Arnot ya yi ritaya a matsayin shugaban katalogi a shekara ta 1968 bayan da ya shafe shekaru sama da 47 yana hidima.  A cikin ritayarta ta gudanar da aikin sa kai na ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu na Royal Australian Historical Society daga 1969 zuwa 1980. 

## Manazarta
Amelia Gayle Gorgas

**Amelia Gayle Gorgas** (Yuni 1, 1826 - Janairu 3,1913)ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu ce kuma shugabar gidan waya na Jami'ar Alabama tsawon shekaru 25 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya tana da shekara tamanin a 1907.Ta fadada ɗakin karatu daga 6,000 zuwa 20,000 kundin. Sunan dakin karatun firamare a jami'a.'Yar asalin Greensboro, Alabama,Amelia 'yar gwamnan Alabama ce John Gayle,matar Janar na Confederate Josiah Gorgas - haifaffen Pennsylvania kuma mahaifiyar Janar Janar William C. Gorgas. An shigar da ita cikin Babban Gidan Mata na Alabama a cikin 1977.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Amelia Gayle ranar 1 ga Yuni,1826,a Greensboro,Alabama.Iyayenta sune Gwamna John da Sarah Ann (Haynsworth) Gayle.

Ta sami ilimi ta hanyar gwamnatoci kuma a Cibiyar mata ta Columbia,Columbia, Tennessee,ta kammala karatun ta a 1842,tare da mafi girma girma.Ta yi shekaru hudu a matsayinta na budurwa a Tuscaloosa,Alabama yayin da mahaifinta yake gwamnan jihar,daga baya aka cire ta zuwa Mobile,Alabama inda ta girma kuma ta yi shekaru na mahaifinta a majalisa a Washington, DC

## Sana'a
Yayin da take Washington,ta ji daɗin gata mai ban mamaki na tarayya da mashahuran lokacin.Daga cikin fitattun kawayenta akwai John C. Calhoun .Ta kasance mai ziyara akai-akai a Fadar White House kuma ta kasance,ta hanyar ladabin Mista Calhoun,daya daga cikin mata biyu a kan dandamali a lokacin aza harsashin ginin abin tunawa na Washington .

Bayan aurenta da Janar Gorgas,ta raka shi zuwa wurare da dama da aka ajiye shi a matsayin hafsan sojan Amurka.A lokacin yakin basasa na Amurka,ta yi gidanta a Richmond,Virginia,kuma bayan yakin,sun cire zuwa Briarfield.An shafe shekaru goma na gaba a Sewanee,Tennessee,inda aka lura da ita don karimcinta.A 1878,sun zo Tuscaloosa a kan nada Janar Gorgas a matsayin shugaban Jami'ar Alabama.

Daga baya Misis Gorgas ta taimaka wa mijinta a aikinsa na ma’aikacin laburare kuma a shekara ta 1883,a mutuwarsa, ta gaje shi. Ta rike wannan matsayi har zuwa 1906,lokacin da gidauniyar Carnegie ta ba ta izinin yin ritaya. A cikin wannan matsayi ne aka sami babban tasirinta.Bayan da ta yi ritaya daga aiki mai aiki,tsofaffin daliban sun gabatar da kofi.
## Manazarta
Ana Rosa Núñez

**Ana Rosa Núñez** (Yuli 11, 1926 &#x2013; Agusta 2, 1999) mawaƙiyar Cuban -Amurka ce kuma ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu. Ta rubuta litattafai sama da dozin biyu na wakoki, karin magana, da fassarorin.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Núñez a Havana, Cuba,ga Dokta Jorge Manuel Núñez y Bengochea, farfesa da gine-gine, da Carmen Gónzalez y Gónzalez de Burgos. A cikin 1949, ta sami gurbin karatu daga Cibiyar Ilimi ta Duniya don halartar Kwalejin Wooster a Amurka. A 1955, ta sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Havana tare da digiri na laburare. A Cuba, ta kasance shugabar laburare na Ofishin Audit na kasa (Tribunal de Cuentas de la Republica de Cuba, 1950-1961) kuma memba mai kafa kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa (1957-1959) na Colegio Nacional de Bibliotecarios Universitarios. 

Núñez ya zo Amurka a ranar 10 ga Satumba, 1965. Ita da wani ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu na Cuba, Rosa M. Abella, an ɗauke ta daga ɗakin karatu na Otto G.Richter na Jami'ar Miami. A can,i ta da sauran ƴan ɗakin karatu sun taimaka wajen gina ɗimbin tarin kayan da suka shafi Kuba da al'ummar gudun hijira na Cuban. Baya ga ayyukan masana na al'ada,wannan ya haɗa da wasu wallafe-wallafen da ephemera da kuma gudummawa mai mahimmanci irin su litattafan rubutu, hotuna, da takardun ƙwararrun ɗan adam na Cuban Lydia Cabrera.

Núñez ya wallafa litattafai masu yawa na wakoki, sukar adabi, da tarihin tarihi. An kira ta daya daga cikin fitattun rukunin mawakan Cuban da aka haifa a kusa da 1930. Ta sami sha'awa ta musamman ga haiku na Japan. Ta rubuta littafin haiku a cikin Mutanen Espanya, *Escamas del Caribe: Haikus de Cuba* (1971), ta fassara aikin haiku na Amurka Harold G. Henderson, kuma ta aika da haiku ga Sarkin sarakuna Hirohito a ranar haihuwarsa. 

Ta rasu a Asibitin Mercy da ke Miami sakamakon zubar jini a kwakwalwa tana da shekara 73. 

## Manazarta
Ana Santos Aramburo

**Ana Santos Aramburo** (An haife shi a shekara ta 1957)ma'aikacin laburare ne na Sipaniya wanda ya kasance darektan ɗakin karatu na ƙasar Spain tun watan Fabrairun 2013.

## Tarihin Rayuwa

Santos yana da digiri a fannin ilmin kasa da tarihi daga Jami'ar Zaragoza (wanda aka zaba ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Faculty of Philosophy da Haruffa,a kan 26 Afrilu 2012) da Diploma a Kimiyyar Laburare da Takardu daga Cibiyar Nazarin Documentary na Ma'aikatar Al'adu.Rubutun nata shine "Takardun fasaha a cikin Taskar Ka'idoji na Zaragoza a karni na 17". A cikin 1982, ta fara aiki a cikin Universidad Complutense na Madrid,inda ta haɓaka wani yanki mai kyau na ƙwararrun sana'arta sama da shekaru 25.Tsakanin 1987 da 1991, ta yi aiki a ɗakin karatu na Faculty of Economics and Business Sciences,inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar darakta.Tsakanin 1993 da 2001,ta rike mataimakin darektan ɗakin karatu na *Universidad Complutense,*alhakin aiwatar da tsarin gudanarwa na kwamfuta da kuma haɗawa da sababbin ayyuka don samun damar yin amfani da bayanan kimiyya ta hanyar sadarwar.Tsakanin Oktoba 2003 da Maris 2007,ta kasance Darakta na Laburaren Tarihi *Marquis na Valdecilla*,wanda shine ma'ajiyar kayan tarihi na Universidad Complutense.Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Babban Darakta na ɗakunan karatu da Archives na majalisar birnin Madrid,da Darakta na Ayyukan Al'adu na Laburaren Ƙasa (2003-2007).

## Darakta na National Library of Spain

Ma'aikatar Ilimi,Al'adu da Wasanni ta zabi Santos don maye gurbin Glòria Pérez-Salmeron a matsayin shugabar Laburaren Ƙasa ta Spain .Bayan nadin,Santos ya shiga cikin kafa ajiyar doka ta dijital.

A cikin watan Afrilun 2014,ta yi aiki kan amincewa da wani kuduri da zai tsara ba* ƙwararrun ɗakin karatu * ga ƙwararrun da suka yi fice a cikin ayyukansu ga cibiyar.A watan Yulin 2014,ta shiga cikin tsarin doka na National Library of Spain,wanda zai ba wa ɗakin karatu damar cin gashin kansa, da kuma matsayi mai kama da Museum del Prado da Cibiyar Tarihi ta Kasa ta Sarauniya Sofia.

## Manazarta
Mutanen Najeriya a Italiya

Kasancewar 'yan Najeriya a Italiya ya samo asali ne tun a shekarun 1980.

## Lambobi
A shekarar 2021, akwai bakin haure 119,435 daga Najeriya a Italiya. A shekarar 2014 a Italiya akwai bakin haure 71,158 daga Najeriya, yayin da a shekarar 2006 akwai 37,733. Garuruwa uku da mafi yawan 'yan Najeriya su ne: Turin, Rome da Padua. Amma 'yan Najeriya da yawa kuma suna zaune a tsibirin Sicily.

## 'Yan Najeriya a Italiya

* Awudu Abass
* Kaddara Udogie
* Eddy Wata (1974), singer
* Emeka Jude Ugali (1982), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa
* Stephen Makinwa (1983), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa
* Osarimen Giulio Ebagua (1986), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa
* Angelo Ogbonna (1988), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa
* Victor Osimhen (1998), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa
* Stefano Okaka (1989), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa
* Joel Obi (1991), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa
* Nicolao Dumitru (1991), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa
* Paola Egonu (1998), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa
* Adeleke Adebowale Julius (1985), Injiniya

## Nassoshi
Anthony Anderson

**Anthony Anderson** (an haife shi a watan Agusta 15, 1970) ɗan wasan Amurka ne, ɗan wasan barkwanci kuma mai masaukin baki. Wa ne an fi saninsa da manyan rawar da ta taka a jerin barkwanci irin su Andre "Dre" Johnson akan *Black-ish*, jerin wasan kwaikwayo irin su Marlin Boulet akan *K-Ville*, ɗa kuma NYPD Detective Kevin Bernard akan wasan kwaikwayo na laifi na NBC *Law &amp;amp; Order* da comedy. jerin talabijin na sitcom *Guys with Kids*. Yanaɗa manyan ayyuka a cikin fina-finai kamar *Ni, Ni &amp;amp; Irene* (2000), *Kangaroo Jack* (2003), *Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London* (2004), *The Departed* (2006), *Transformers* (2007), da *Scream 4* ( 2011).

## Maganã
Ann Shumelda Okerson

**Ann Shumelda Ok Erson** (an haife shi a c. 1950) ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu ce ta Amurka kuma ƙwararre kan ba da lasisin albarkatun lantarki da wurin fasahar dijital a ɗakunan karatu na ilimi da bincike.

## Rayuwa da ilimi
An haifi Okerson a Austria kusan shekarar 1950 kuma ta koma Amurka lokacin tana da shekaru shida.Iyalinta sun zauna a Chicago kafin su koma Los Angeles sannan San Francisco a ƙarshen 1950s.Ta yi karatun wallafe-wallafen Turanci da Jamusanci a Kwalejin Pacific Union kuma ta koyar da makarantar sakandare kafin ta yi karatun digirin digirgir na Turanci a Jami'ar California, Berkeley.Ta canza zuwa shirin kimiyyar ɗakin karatu na UC Berkeley kuma ta sami MLS.Bayan kammala karatun ta,ta yi aiki a Jami'ar Simon Fraser da ke Kanada,Blackwell's a Burtaniya,kuma mai sayar da litattafai na kayan tarihi a Amurka kafin ta zama darektan Ofishin Buga Ilimin Kimiyya da Ilimi a Kungiyar Littattafan Bincike a 1990.Ta shiga ɗakin karatu na Jami'ar Yale shekaru shida bayan haka.

## Sana'a
Okerson ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Mashawarci akan Dabarun Lantarki don Cibiyar Nazarin Laburaren Bincike tun Oktoba 2011.Ta taba yin aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Librarian University a Jami'ar Yale na tsawon shekaru goma sha biyar.Okerson ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga fahimtar farashin serials,mujallu na lantarki,ba da lasisin albarkatun lantarki,da haɗin haɗin gwiwar siyan kayan lantarki.Ta kasance jagora a ayyukan kasa da kasa don gina ɗakin karatu na dijital na Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma ta yi aiki sosai tare da ɗakunan karatu a wannan da sauran yankuna.

Ta dade tana shiga tare da Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Lantarki da Cibiyoyin Lantarki ta Duniya (IFLA), ta yi aiki a matsayin jagoranci a cikin Serials,Acquisitions, da News Media sassan,da kuma sharuddan uku a kan hukumar gudanarwa ta IFLA, ciki har da Shugaban Kwamitin Ƙwararrun.

A Yale, a cikin 1996,ta shirya kuma tsawon shekaru goma sha biyar tana gudanar da haɗin gwiwar dakunan karatu na Arewa maso Gabas (NERL),ƙungiyar manyan ɗakunan karatu talatin (da ƙananan alaƙa sama da 100)waɗanda ke yin shawarwarin lasisi don bayanan lantarki da shiga cikin wasu nau'ikan ayyukan haɗin gwiwa. .Yanzu da ta kai alamar karni na kwata-kwata,wannan haɗin gwiwar na ci gaba da girma da bunƙasa a ƙarƙashin inuwar CRL kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun haɗin gwiwa a ɗakunan karatu na ilimi a duk duniya.Okerson memba ne wanda ya kafa Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Laburare ta Duniya.

## Manazarta
Anna Harriet Heyer

**Anna Harriet Heyer** (30 Agusta 1909 Little Rock,Arkansas - 12 ga Agusta 2002 Fort Worth,Texas ) fitacciyar ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu ce ta kiɗan Amurka,masanin kida, kuma mawallafin littafi wanda tsawon shekaru 26,daga 1940 zuwa 1966, ya jagoranci ɗakin karatu na kiɗa a Jami'ar Arewa Texas .

## Sana'a
Otto Kinkeldey, sanannen ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu na kiɗa kuma masanin kiɗa, ya ba da lacca a cikin 1937 a taron haɗin gwiwa na farko tsakanin Ƙungiyar Laburaren Amirka da Ƙungiyar Laburaren Kiɗa a Birnin New York. A cikin laccarsa, Kinkeldey ya zayyana ra'ayi don ilimin da ya dace a cikin ɗakin karatu na kiɗa.Har sai da karatun kwafin,Heyer bai taɓa tunanin ƙwarewa a cikin ɗakin karatu na kiɗa ba - ba ta ma san ya wanzu ba.Tunanin ya burge ta saboda,a cikin kalmominta,"Zai ba ni damar kasancewa cikin sha'awar da nake so kuma har yanzu ina yin aikin ɗakin karatu."

Heyer ya yi tafiya zuwa Jami'ar Columbia a lokacin rani na 1938 don yin rajista a cikin wani kwas da Richard Angell ya koyar a cikin "Gudanar da Laburaren Kiɗa" - na farko da aka ba da irin wannan kwas a ƙasar.Ta zauna a Columbia don shekara ta ilimi 1938-1939,tana samun Jagoran Kimiyya a Kimiyyar Laburare,Yuni 1939.

Bayan ya shafe shekara guda yana aiki ga dakunan karatu a Jami'ar Texas a Austin,Heyer,a cikin 1940, ya karɓi matsayi a matsayin Mawallafin Kiɗa na farko na cikakken lokaci a Jami'ar North Texas,wanda College of Music (sa'an nan ake kira School of Kiɗa), yana da,a waccan shekarar,ta haɓaka ƙaddamarwarsa ta 1939 a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Makarantun Kiɗa ta ƙasa zuwa memba na ci gaba.

Heyer ya ƙarfafa Laburaren Kiɗa da sauri,wanda ya riga ya tanadi tarin tarin yawa,zuwa wata babbar cibiyar albarkatun kiɗa. Ta kuma ƙirƙira karatun ɗakin karatu na kiɗa a matsayin fannin nazarin ilimi ta hanyar koyar da darussan ilimi na farko da aka sani a fannin.Lokacin da ta isa,Arewacin Texas ya sami tarin tarin yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da maki na ƙungiyar kade-kade,kiɗan takarda,rikodin phonograph, da sashin haɓakawa na Kamfanin Carnegie .

Yayin da take aiki a Arewacin Texas,ta sami digiri na biyu na Kiɗa daga Jami'ar Michigan a 1943.

A cikin 1957, Heyer ya buga wani littafi mai ban sha'awa, *Saitunan Tarihi, Bugawa Tattara, da Monuments na Kiɗa: Jagora ga Abubuwan ciki.*   Wannan tunani ya tsaya shekaru da yawa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mahimman kayan aikin tunani a fagen kiɗan gargajiya na Yamma. Don cikakkun ɗakunan karatu na kiɗa na bincike, ya zama jagora don rikodi.

## Manazarta
Anne Hart (marubucin Kanada)

**Margaret Eleanor Anne Hart** (née **Hill** ) CM (Oktoba 7, 1935 - Oktoba 9,2019)marubuciya ce ta Kanada wacce ta kware a tarihin rayuwa.An fi saninta da tarihin rayuwarta na Agatha Christie :*Rayuwa da Zamanin Miss Jane Marple* da *Rayuwa da Zamanin Hercule Poirot ,*da kuma matsayinta na shugabar Cibiyar Nazarin Newfoundland daga 1976 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a ranar 1 ga Janairu,1998. A cikin 2004,Hart ta kasance memba na Order of Canada don "gudumawarta na dindindin ga rayuwar al'adun lardinta."

## Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Hart a Winnipeg kuma ya girma a Nova Scotia .Ta sami digiri na fasaha daga Jami'ar Dalhousie (inda ta karanci tarihi)da digirin kimiyyar laburare daga Jami'ar McGill . 

Daga baya ta koma St. John's,Newfoundland da Labrador,inda ta zama ma'aikaciyar dakin karatu a Jami'ar Memorial a 1972, tana aiki tare da mai ba ta shawara Agnes O'Dea . Shekaru hudu bayan haka,ta zama shugabar Cibiyar Nazarin Newfoundland ta jami'a (CNS).CNS tana samun littattafai,taswirori,da takaddun da suka dace da Newfoundland da Labrador ; yayin da Hart ke shugabanta,tarin Cibiyar ya faɗaɗa sosai,daga kusan juzu'i 20,000 zuwa 60,000.Har ila yau,a lokacin mulkin Hart,CNS ya girma har ya haɗa da rumbun adana bayanai,wanda ya dace da tarin littattafai na cibiyar.Wani sanannen abin da ya faru ya zo a cikin 1986,lokacin da CNS ta taka rawa wajen ƙirƙirar *The Bibliography of Newfoundland*,wani nau'i na digiri na biyu da Jami'ar Toronto Press ta buga tare da Jami'ar Memorial.Hart ya yi ritaya a ranar 1 ga Janairu,1998.

## Manazarta
Angela García Rives

**Ángela Rafaela Ana García Rives** (1891-1968 ko kuma daga baya) ma'aikaciyar laburari ce na Sipaniya kuma marubuciyar tarihi. Falsafa da wasiƙu sun kammala karatun digiri daga Jami'ar Tsakiyar Madrid, a cikin 1913 ita ce mace ta farko da ta shiga ƙungiyar Mutanen Espanya na Archivists,Librarians,da Archeologists. A shekara ta gaba ta shiga cikin ɗakin karatu na Ƙasar Mutanen Espanya,tana jagorantar sashen kasida daga 1946 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 1961.A cikin 1962,an girmama ta da Dokar Jama'a ta Alfonso X,Mai hikima.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haife ta a Madrid a ranar 2 ga watan Yunin 1891, Ángela Rafaela Ana García Rives (wadda aka fi sani da Angelita) 'yar lauya ce kuma ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu na jihar Moisés García y Muñoz da matarsa Rafaela.Babban ’ya’ya uku, ’yan’uwanta su ne Luis (1896),wanda kuma ya zama ma’aikacin tarihi,da Moisés (1894), lauya. 

Bayan ta kammala karatunta a Instituto Cardenal Cisneros, ta sami horo a matsayin malami a Makarantar Al'ada ta Madrid da kuma Kwalejin Kurame da Makafi.Daga nan ta yi karatun falsafa da adabi a Jami’ar Tsakiya,inda ta sami lambar yabo ta musamman ga tarihi a lokacin kammala karatunta a 1912.Ta ci gaba da samun digiri na uku a cikin 1917 tare da kasida kan Ferdinand VI da Barbara na Braganza.

## Sana'a
A cikin 1913,García Reyes ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama memba na Corps of Archivists,Librarians,and Archeologists. Bayan ta yi aiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci a ɗakin karatu na Jama'a na Jovellanos a Gijón da kuma Babban Taskar Labarai a Alcalá de Henares,ta ci jarrabawar gasa ta ba ta damar samun matsayi a ɗakin karatu na Ƙasar Mutanen Espanya a Yuli 1914.Ta ci gaba da zama a can na tsawon shekaru 46 masu zuwa,tana jagorantar sashin kasida na ɗakin karatu daga Janairu 1948 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a watan Yuni 1961.An ba da rahoton nasarar da ta samu na zama ma’aikaciyar laburare mata ta Spain a cikin 1916.

Ba a tabbatar da ranar mutuwar Ángela García Rives ba amma da alama tana raye a 1968 lokacin da aka tsayar da ita a matsayin ɗan takarar Medalla del Trabajo.Ta karɓi Dokar Jama'a ta Alfonso X,Mai hikima a cikin 1961.

## Manazarta
Anita Coleman ne adam wata

**Anita Coleman** ma'aikaciyar karatu ce ta Ba'amurke Ba'amurke,baiwa kuma mai bincike a cikin ɗakunan karatu na dijital.Anita Coleman kuma ita ce wacce ta kafa cibiyar samun damar shiga tsakani,dLIST - Laburaren Dijital na Kimiyya da Fasaha.

## Kyauta
**2007 Mover and Shaker** (Library Journal)

**2007 Babban Malami na bazara** (Jami'ar Arizona,Makarantar Albarkatun Bayanai da Kimiyyar Laburare)

**1996-2007 Sabis na Ƙwararru** - Ƙungiyar Abubuwan Koyo na Kwalejoji na California Community.

**2006 Professional Sabis** (Library of Congress da American Library Association for Library Cataloging and Technical Services)

**1998 Bincike** - Ilimin Ilimin California & Dakunan Karatu.

## Manazarta
Anne Jarvis

**Anne Jarvis** (an haife shi 31 Yuli 1962) ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama Ma’aikaciyar Laburaren Jami’a a Jami’ar Cambridge. Ta rike ofishin Librarian na Jami'ar Cambridge daga Janairu 2009 har zuwa Satumba 2016.Tun daga Oktoba 2016 ta kasance ma'aikacin laburare na Jami'ar Princeton.

Jarvis ya karanci tarihi a Kwalejin Trinity, Dublin, kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a ɗakin karatu na wannan cibiyar a matsayin Babban Laburare,Gudanar da Tari. Daga 2000 zuwa 2009 ta yi aiki a ɗakin karatu na Jami'ar Cambridge a matsayin Mataimakin Librarian,kuma tana da alaƙa da Kwalejin Wolfson,Cambridge. A cikin Afrilu 2016,ta sanar da ƙaura zuwa zama Ma'aikacin Laburaren Jami'a a Jami'ar Princeton.

## Manazarta
Annie Constance Tocker

**Annie Constance Tocker** (6 Mayu 1889 - 13 Oktoba 1980) fitacciyar ma'aikaciyar laburare ce ta New Zealand,deaconess Methodist,ma'aikacin jinya da jin daɗin yara. An haife ta a Greytown, Wairarapa,New Zealand a cikin 1889.  

## Manazarta
Masu lalura ta musamman a Najeria

Rashin lafiya wani abune da mutum yakanji  ajikinsa kuma

Kiyasin ya bambanta na yawan nakasassu a Najeriya, daga mutane kasa da miliyan 3 zuwa sama da miliyan 25. Dokokin Najeriya sun haramta wa masu nakasa wariya.
## Yawan su
Ruhoton da aka bada na duniya akan masu lalura ta musamman wanda aka wallafa a shekarar 2011 a duk cikin mutum miliyan 25 akwai mutum daya mai lalura ta musamman, kusan mutum miliyan 35 suna da lalura ta musamman a najeriya

## Nau`ukan su
Nakasassu guda biyar da aka fi sani a Najeriya sune, nakasar gani, nakasar ji, nakasar jiki, rashin hankali, da nakasar sadarwa.
## Hanyar al'umma da gwamnati suke dubar su
Najeriya ta amince da yarjejeniyar kare hakkin nakasassu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a ranar 30 ga Maris, 2007 da kuma ka'idar Zabin ta a ranar 24 ga Satumba 2010.  Ma’aikatar harkokin mata da ci gaban jama’a tana da alhakin gabatar da rahotanni kan ci gaban da aka samu, amma har yanzu ba ta yi hakan ba har zuwa 2013.

Wani bincike da Ma'aikatar Raya Kasa da Kasa ta Burtaniya ta gudanar a shekara ta 2008, ya nuna cewa jama'a, ma'aikatar harkokin mata da ci gaban al'umma, da kungiyoyin nakasassu (DPOs) a Najeriya sun fahimci nakasu a cikin jawabin jindadin su da jin kai.  Wannan ya saba wa ƙarfafawa akan daidaitawar zamantakewa, haɗawa, da ƙarfafawa kamar yadda tsarin zamantakewar nakasa ya ba da shawarar wanda aka fi so a fagen nazarin nakasa .   Har ila yau, ta gano cewa wasu manyan jami’an DPO na kasa guda biyu, wato Joint National Association of Persons with Disabilities (JONAWPD) da kuma Association for Comprehensive Empowerment of Nigeria with Disabilities (ASCEND), sukan yi kakkausar suka a yayin da dukkansu ke zaton za su yi magana a madadin dukkan nakasassun Najeriya., tare da hana su damar shiga gwamnati.

Shekaru tara bayan Najeriya ta amince da yarjejeniyar kare hakkin nakasassu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, shugaban kasa na lokacin Muhammadu Buhari ya kafa dokar hana wariya ga nakasassu ta 2018. Dokar ta ƙunshi shawarwarin Yarjejeniya kan Haƙƙin naƙasassu yayin da ake ba da diyya ga waɗanda ke fama da wariya masu nakasa
Dokar ta hana nuna bambanci ga mutanen da ke da nakasa PLWD kuma ta sanya takunkumi ga wadanda suka saba da tara.  An tsara wa'adin shekaru biyar na rikon kwarya don gyare-gyaren abubuwan more rayuwa musamman a gine-ginen jama'a da kuma gyara kayan aikin taimako a cikin ababan hawa don sa su isa da amfani ga nakasassu.
## Hukumar nakasassu ta kasa
a cikin tsarin mulki na 2018 bil Muhammadu Buhari ya amince da hukumar da zata dunga kula da nakasassu 
## Manazarta
Lord Charles Montagu Douglas Scott

Admiral **Lord Charles Thomas Montagu Douglas Scott**,GCB (20 Oktoba 1839-21 ga Agusta 1911) wani jami'in sojan ruwa na Royal ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Kwamanda,Plymouth .

## Aikin sojan ruwa
An haifi ɗa na huɗu na Walter Montagu Douglas Scott,Duke na Buccleuch na 5,Charles Montagu Douglas Scott ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Radley kuma ya shiga Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa a 1853. Ya ga hidima a cikin Black Sea a 1855 a lokacin yakin Crimean.  Ya kuma halarci yakin Fatshan Creek a cikin 1857 a lokacin yakin Opium na biyu kuma ya yi aiki tare da Brigade na Naval a lokacin Mutiny na Indiya na 1857.

An ba shi umurnin HMS ''Narcissus'' a 1875,HMS  a 1879 da HMS  a 1885. A cikin 1887 ya zama Kyaftin na Chatham Dockyard sannan a 1889 ya zama kwamandan tashar Ostiraliya.  Nadinsa na ƙarshe shine Babban Kwamanda,Plymouth a cikin 1900. Ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 1904.

Ya sami ci gaba zuwa Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Bath (GCB) a cikin Nuwamba 1902 Birthday Honors list,  kuma ya saka hannun jari tare da alamar ta Sarki Edward VII a Fadar Buckingham a ranar 18 ga Disamba 1902.

Ya zauna a Gidan Boughton kusa da Kettering a Northamptonshire . 

## Iyali
Annie Maude Blackett

**Annie Maude Blackett** (30 Yuli 1889 - 12 Yuni 1956) ma'aikaciyar laburare ce ta New Zealand. An haife ta a Newcastle akan Tyne, Northumberland, Ingila, a ranar 30 Yuli 1889. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan Librarian na farko da aka horar a New Zealand.

Blackett ya isa New Zealand a kusa da 1907,kuma ya zama mataimakin ɗakin karatu a Canterbury Public Library a 1913.

An nada ta shugabar laburare a Laburaren Jama'a na Wanganui a cikin 1918.

## Manazarta
Millicent Bryant

**Millicent Maude Bryant** (née **Harvey**,8 Janairu 1878-3 Nuwamba 1927) ɗan jirgin saman Australiya ne na farko.Ita ce mace ta farko da ta sami lasisin matukin jirgi a Ostiraliya,Lasisi na 71,a cikin 1927. Har ila yau,ta fara samun lasisin tukin jirgin a cikin Commonwealth, a wajen Burtaniya. 

## Rayuwar farko
An haifi Bryant a Apsley,Wellington, New South Wales.Iyayenta sune Edmund George Harvey da Georgiana Sarah Bartlett Harvey.Ta kasance daya daga cikin yara goma.

## Sana'a
A cikin Maris 1927,yana da shekaru 49,Bryant ya sami lasisin matukin jirgi daga Ostiraliya Aero Club na New South Wales.Tare da Evelyn Follett,an yi imanin ita ce mace ta farko da ta fara yin darasi na tashi a Australia kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta cancanci samun lasisin tukin jirgi mai zaman kansa a Australia.

## Rayuwa ta sirri
Bryant ya auri Edward James Bryant. Sun haifi 'ya'ya maza uku (an haife su 1901,1903, da 1908).Ta rasu a shekara ta 1926.

Bryant died by drowning in Sydney Harbour in 1927,aged 49 years, one of the victims of the Tahiti-Greycliffe Ferry disaster. Five planes flew over her funeral and dropped a flower wreath in tribute. In the year following her death,her sons established the Millicent Maud Bryant Trophy to be awarded each year to the best all round pilot of the Australian Aero Club of New South Wales.

Kwalkwali na fata na Bryant yana cikin tarin Laburaren Ƙasa na Ostiraliya. 

A cikin 2001,an shigar da Millicent Bryant a cikin Babban Taron Mata na Majagaba na Ƙasa.A cikin 2007,don bikin cika shekaru 80 da samun lasisin matukin jirgi,ƙungiyar mata matukin jirgi ta Australiya ta makala wani allo na hukuma akan dutsen kabarinta.

## Manazarta
Audre Lorde

**Audre Lorde** ( / ˈ ɔːd r i ˈ l ɔːr d / ; An haifi **Audrey Geraldine Lorde** ;Fabrairu 18,1934 - Nuwamba 17, 1992)marubuci Ba'amurke ne, farfesa, masanin falsafa, mawallafin mata,mawaƙi kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a .Ta kasance mai bayyana kanta "baƙar fata, 'yar madigo,mai son mata,mai ra'ayin gurguzu,uwa,jarumi,mawaƙi,"wacce ta sadaukar da rayuwarta da basirarta don fuskantar kowane irin rashin adalci,kamar yadda ta yi imanin ba za a iya samun "babu matsayi na zalunci".

A matsayinta na mawaƙi,ta shahara wajen ƙwarewar fasaha da bayyana ra'ayi, da kuma waƙoƙinta masu nuna fushi da fushi ga rashin adalci na jama'a da zamantakewa da ta gani a tsawon rayuwarta.A matsayin mai zane-zane,an kira isar da ita mai ƙarfi,waƙa,da ƙarfi ta Gidauniyar Waƙa.Kasidunta da karatuttukan nata sun shafi batutuwan da suka shafi yancin jama'a,ƴancin mata, madigo, rashin lafiya da naƙasa,da kuma binciken baƙar fata mace.

## Manazarta
Augusta Braxton Baker

**Augusta Braxton Baker** (Afrilu 1,1911 - Fabrairu 23,1998) ma'aikacin laburare ne kuma mai ba da labari . An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar ga wallafe-wallafen yara,musamman game da hoton Baƙar fata Amirkawa a cikin ayyukan yara.

## Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Augusta Braxton Baker a ranar 1 ga Afrilu,1911,a Baltimore, Maryland.Duk iyayenta biyu malaman makaranta ne, wadanda suka sanya mata son karatu.A cikin yini yayin da iyayenta ke aiki,kakarta,Augusta Fax (wanda ta karɓi sunanta) ta kula da ita kuma ta ba ta labarin.Baker ta ji daɗin waɗannan labarun,tana ɗauke da ƙaunarta gare su a duk rayuwarta.Ta koyi karatu kafin ta fara makarantar firamare,daga baya ta shiga makarantar sakandaren baƙar fata inda mahaifinta ya koyar,kuma ta kammala karatunsa tana ɗan shekara 16.Daga nan sai Baker ya shiga Jami'ar Pittsburgh,inda ta hadu kuma ta auri James Baker a karshen shekara ta biyu.

Komawa tare da mijinta zuwa New York,Baker ya nemi canja wurin zuwa Albany Teacher's College (yanzu Jami'ar Jihar New York a Albany ),kawai don saduwa da adawar launin fata daga kwalejin.Eleanor Roosevelt,matar Franklin Roosevelt (wanda shine Gwamnan New York a lokacin),yana cikin kwamitin Albany Interracial Council (yanzu Albany Urban League).Misis Roosevelt ta ba da himma sosai don canja wurin Baker.Ko da yake kwalejin ba ta son shigar da Baƙar fata,amma ba su so su yi adawa da matar gwamnan,kuma an shigar da Baker.Yayin da take wurin,ta yi niyya zuwa wata sana'a ta daban kuma ta rubuta, "Na gano ina son littattafai,amma ba na son koyarwa."Ta kammala karatunta a can, ta sami digiri na BA a ilimi a 1933 da BS a kimiyyar ɗakin karatu a 1934. Ta zama Ba’amurke Ba’amurke ta farko da ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin laburare daga kwalejin.

## Manazarta
Augusta Clark

**Augusta** " **Gussie** " **Clark** (Maris 5, 1932 &#x2013; Oktoba 13,shekara2 ta 13 ta) ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu ne na Amurka, lauya kuma ɗan siyasa. An zabi Clark a matsayin babban kujera a Majalisar Birnin Philadelphia a 1979, ta zama mace ta biyu Ba-Amurke da ta yi aiki a majalisar birni. ( Ethel D.Allen,wanda ya yi aiki a majalisa daga shekara ta 1972 zuwa 1979,ita ce 'yar majalisa ta farko ta Ba'amurke ta Philadelphia.) Clark ya yi aiki a Majalisar Birnin Philadelphia daga 1980 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 2000.

## Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Clark **Augusta Alexander** a ranar 5 ga Maris,1932, a Uniontown, Alabama, ga Harrison da Lula B.Alexander.Ta girma a Fairmont, West Virginia, kuma ta sami digiri na farko daga Kwalejin Jihar West Virginia,wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar Jihar West Virginia.Ta sadu da mijinta na gaba, Leroy W. Clark,yayin da dukansu biyu dalibai ne a Jihar West Virginia,ko da yake ba su yi aure ba sai 1960,lokacin da dukansu suke zaune a Philadelphia,Pennsylvania.  Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Mark da Adrienne.Ta koma Philadelphia bayan kwaleji don dalilai na sana'a.Ta kasance memba na Bright Hope Baptist Church daga 1954 har zuwa 2013.

### Sana'a
Clark ya koma Philadelphia lokacin da aka dauke ta a matsayin mataimakiyar mujallolin *Launi* mai lalacewa a yanzu.*Launi*, wanda ya dogara ne akan mujallar *Life*,an yi niyya ga masu karatu na Ba-Amurke.Koyaya,*Launi* ya ninka kuma ya fita kasuwa.Clark ta zama daliba ta kammala karatun digiri a Jami'ar Drexel jim kadan bayan rufe mujallar, inda ta sami digiri na biyu a kimiyyar laburare.Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai karatu a Philadelphia.Clark na gaba ta yi rajista a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Temple Beasley lokacin tana da shekaru 39 kuma ta sami digirinta na shari'a.

Clark ya yi aiki a matsayin yakin neman zabe na William H. Gray, wanda aka zabe shi a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka a 1978.Al'ummar Philadelphia da ƴan siyasa sun ƙarfafa ta ta tsaya takara a Majalisar Birnin Philadelphia a shekara mai zuwa.An zabi Augusta Clark a matsayin 'yar majalisa ta Democrat a cikin 1979,ta zama mace ta biyu Ba'amurke ta biyu da ta yi aiki a majalisar birni.

## Manazarta
Barbara Tillett

**Barbara Ann Barnett Tillett** (An haife shi a shekara ta 1946) ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu ce kuma ƙwararriyar masaniyar ɗakin karatu da aka sani da aikinta akan ikon iko da ƙirar bayanan littafi.

## Library of Congress
Tillett ta fara aiki a Library of Congress a 1994. A matsayin darektan Shirin Haɗin Laburaren Laburare (ILS) daga watan Agusta 1997 zuwa Yuli 2001, Tillett ya ɗauki babban aiki na jagorantar zaɓi da aiwatar da Tsarin Haɗin Labura na farko na Library of Congress.Sanarwar laburare ta nuna aikin a matsayin "aikin fasahar bayanai mafi girma a tarihin Laburare."

Tillett ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Manufofin Kasuwar Labura & Ofishin Tallafawa, wanda wani lokaci ya sanya ta cikin rikici da batun Sanford Berman da ke jagorantar fafutuka.

Tillett ya yi ritaya daga Laburare na Majalisa a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2012.

## Katalojin ka'idar
Tillett ta shahara musamman don haɓakarta da bayanin ƙirar FRBR .Tillett ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Ƙungiyar Nazarin IFLA akan Bukatun Ayyuka don Rubutun Bibliographic, wanda ya haɓaka samfurin.Ta kuma kasance da hannu sosai a cikin haɓaka RDA, lambar kataloji bisa tsarin FRBR.Tillett ya yi aiki a kwamitin haɗin gwiwa don haɓaka RDA tsakanin 1994 zuwa 2012,kuma ya zama shugaban kwamitin tsakanin shekara ta 2011 da 2013.

## Manazarta
Beatrice Doran

**Beatrice M. Doran** ƴar tarihin Irish ce,marubuciya,kuma tsohuwar babban ma'aikacin laburare a Kwalejin Royal na Surgeons a Ireland (RCSI). 

## Fage
An haifi Doran a Donnybrook, Dublin,inda har yanzu tana zama.Ta halarci Kwalejin Muckross Park da Kwalejin Jami'ar Dublin (UCD),inda ta sami Digiri na Farko da Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Michael Smurfit Master of Business Administration.Ta kuma yi difloma a fannin karatu. Ta sami digiri na uku daga UCD a cikin 2011 tare da karatunta *na Gudanar da Ilimi:Nazarin Haƙiƙa dangane da Kiwon Lafiyar Irish*,wanda ya haɗa da binciken da aka gudanar a Asibitin Beaumont, Dublin.

## Sana'a
Doran ya yi aiki a cikin ɗakunan karatu da yawa,ciki har da Jami'ar Ulster,Kwalejin Jami'ar Cork,da Royal Dublin Society . An nada ta ma'aikaciyar dakin karatu a RCSI a 1986 inda ta yi aiki har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a 2007. Tsohuwar shugabar Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Ireland ce.

Doran tsohon mataimakin shugaban kasa ne kuma memba na Cork Historical and Archaeological Society.Ita memba ce ta Ballsbridge,Donnybrook da Sandymount Historical Society, Irish Georgian Society,Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland da Royal Dublin Society.Ta rubuta littattafai da yawa akan tarihin Donnybrook.

## Manazarta