open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sarn (planaid)

She **Sarn** y sheyoo planaid magh veih'n Ghrian as y nah phlanaid smoo ayns Corys ny Greiney, lurg Jupiter. Myrane lesh Jupiter, Uranus as Neptune, t'eh rang-oardraghit myr foawr gas.

Ta ennym y jee Raueagh Saturnus currit er y phlanaid, as eh cormit rish Kronos ny Greagee, Ninurta ny Babylonnee, as Shani ny Hindooee. Ta cowrey Sarn shassoo seose son corran y jee .

Ta Sarn jeant seose jeh hiddragien, lesh coreiryn beggey jeh hailium as beggan dy vun-stooghyn elley. Ta çheusthie yn phlanaid jeant seose jeh cree creggey as rio beg, lesh jastan gloo jeh hiddragien meainagh ta goll mygeayrt, as jastan mooir gassagh ny s'odjey mooie. Ta aeraght veein echey dy mennick er baghtal, agh foddee dy vel grooishyn ry-akin er feie traa foddey. Foddee dy vel geayghyn sheidey seose gys 1,800&nbsp;km/h, lane ny s'tappee na er Jupiter. Ta ream magnaidagh planaidagh ec Sarn as eh jeh niart meanagh eddyr niart ream magnaidagh ny Cruinney as y ream magnaidagh Jupiter.

Ta corys ard-cheimagh jeh fainaghyn mygeayrt Sarn, as ad jeant seose jeh ayrneenyn rio lesh mooad beg jeh smooirlee chreggey as joan y tuinney. Ta un eayst as tree feed cruinlaghey Sarn, faagail magh keeadyn dy "eaysteenyn" çheusthie jeh ny fainaghyn. Ta Titan, yn eayst (ny fo-phlannad) Harn smoo as y nah fo-phlannad smoo ayns Corys ny Greiney lurg Ganymede, ny smoo na'n planaid Crean as t'eh yn un fo-phlannad lesh aeraght vaghtal.

### Jastanyn bodjallagh
Ta aeraght chorpagh niauoilagh Harn taishbyney soylley rimmeigagh cosoylagh rish Jupiter, agh cha nel ny rimmeigyn er Sarn cha gial as daahit as ny rimmeigyn er Jupiter, ansherbee, agh t'ad ny s'lhea ec y veanchiarkyl. Ec y vun, as eh sheeyney magh er feie 10&nbsp;km as lesh çhiassid -23&nbsp;°C, ta jastan riojag ushtey ry-gheddyn. Lurg eh shen, ta jastan riojag jeh ammonium hiddrasulfeed ta sheeyney magh er feie 50&nbsp;km as ta mygeayrt -93&nbsp;°C. Kiare feed kilometeryn heose veih shen ta ny bodjallyn riojag ammoiney ry-gheddyn, raad dy vel ny çhiassidyn mygeayrt -153&nbsp;°C. Faggys da'n vaare, as sheeyney magh er feie lhiurid eddyr 200 as 270&nbsp;km heose veih ny bodjallyn, t'ou çheet er jastanyn bodjallyn fakinagh as aeraght jeh hiddragien as hailium. Ta ny geayaghyn er Sarn king jeh ny geayaghyn s'tappee ayns Corys ny Greiney. Ta fysseree veih Voyager cowraghey magh geayaghyn niar as ad goll 500 m/s (1800&nbsp;km/h). Cha row ny soyllee vodjal cheylley ry-akin agh ec traa roie shaghey Voyager. Veih'n traa shen, ansherbee, ta fodreayrtanys bunnit er y Chruinney ny share nish, as foddee baghtalyn kinjagh y yannoo nish.

## Imraaghyn
New Horizons

She scrutag spoar eddyr-phlanaidagh eh ***New Horizons***. V'eh launshit myr ayrn jeh'n chlaare New Frontiers liorish NASA. Va'n scrutag spoar jeshaghtit liorish yn Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) ayns Ollooscoill Johns Hopkins as y Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), marish fwirran fo stiurey Alan Stern. .Va'n saagh spoar launshit ayns 2006 as she scrutaght etlagh shaghey er corys Pluto ayns 2015 va'n ard-vishoon. Lurg shen, v'eh yn nah vishoon ayn na etlagh shaghey as scrutaghey fer ny ny smoo jeh corpaneyn ayns cryss Kuiper 'sy jeihaght ny yei. Haink er y dean shen dy ve ny vishoon dys 486958 Arrokoth. She *New Horizons* y queiggoo scrutag spoar bieauid scapail y gheddyn son Corys ny Greiney y hregeil.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Ynnyd-eggey ''New Horizons'' liorish NASA
* Ynnyd-eggey ''New Horizons'' liorish yn Applied Physics Laboratory
Unnid rollageydagh

She unnid liurid ta mygeayrt 150 millioonyn kilometeryn eh yn **unnid rollageydagh** (**AU** ny **au** ny **a.u.** ny ny keayrtyn **ua**). T'eh bunnit er liurid t'ayn eddyr y Chruinney as y Ghrian. T'eh y lhiurid kiarit na 149,597,870,691 ± 30 meteryn.

## Sampleyryn
Cha nel ny foddeeaghtyn shoh agh foddeeaghtyn faggyssagh meanagh. Shegin dooin gra dy vel ny foddeeaghtyn eddyr nheeghyn rollageagh sheer chaghlaa as ceaghley rere cruinlee as faghteyryn elley.

* Ta'n Chruinney soit 1.00 ± 0.02 AU magh ass y Ghrian.
* Ta'n Eayst soit 0.0026 ± 0.0001 AU magh ass y Chruinney.
* Ta Mart soit 1.52 ± 0.14 AU magh ass y Ghrian.
* Ta Jupiter soit 5.20 ± 0.05 AU magh ass y Ghrian.
* Ta Pluto soit 39.5 ± 9.8 AU magh ass y Ghrian.
* Ta toshiaght Cryss Kuiper soit mygeayrt 35 AU magh ass y Ghrian
* Ta jerrey Cryss Kuiper soit ec 50-55 AU
* Ta cruinlagh 90377 Sedna soit eddyr 76 as 942 AU magh ass y Ghrian; Ec y tra t'ayn (2006) ta Sedna soit mygeayrt 90 AU magh ass y Ghrian.
* 105 AU: Voyager 1
* 500-3000 AU: Toshiaght Bodjal Oort"
* 100,000 AU: Jerrey "Bodjal Oort" (1.6 ly).
* Ta Proxima Centauri (y rollage s'niessey gys y Chruinney magh voish y Ghrian) soit ~268 000 AU magh ass y Ghrian.
* Ta Betelgeuse 2.57 AU er crantessen meanagh.
* 1.7 AU: Foddeeaght eddyr y Ghrian as çheshvean Raad Mooar Ree Gorree.

Faghteyryn çhyndaays reiht:
* 1 AU = 149 597 870.691 ± 0.030 km ≈ 92 955 807 mi ≈ 8.317 sollys-vinnidyn ≈ 499 sollys-hullee
* 1 sollys-hullagh ≈ 0.002 AU
* 1 gigameter ≈ 0.007 AU
* 1 sollys-vinnid ≈ 0.120 AU
* 1 mynpharsec ≈ 0.206 AU
* 1 terameter ≈ 6.685 AU
* 1 sollys-oor ≈ 7.214 AU
* 1 sollys-laa ≈ 173.263 AU
* 1 milliparsec ≈ 206.265 AU
* 1 sollys-hiaghtin ≈ 1212.84 AU
* 1 sollys-vee ≈ 5197.9 AU
* 1 sollys-vlein ≈ 63,241 AU
* 1 parsec ≈ 206,265 AU
Kynney çhengey

She possan jeh çhengaghyn as mooinjerys eddyr oc eh **kynney çhengey**. T'eh er fys ec çhengoayllee dy vel çhengey frauee oc. Dy cadjin, cha nel ram feanish ayn fo'n çhengey frauee shen, myr va'n çhengey shen ayn roish çheet y screeudeyrys.

## Kynneeyn çhengaghyn reiht

***[[Çhengaghyn Affro-Aishanagh|Affro-Aishanagh]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Altaiagh|Altaiagh]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Austro-Aishanagh|Austro-Aishanagh]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Austraineeshagh|Austraineeshagh]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Coagaashagh|Coagaashagh]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Dravidagh|Dravidagh]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Eskimagh-Aleutagh|Eskimagh-Aleutagh]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Harrish-Noa-Ghuinea|Harrish-Noa-Ghuinea]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Ind-Oarpagh|Ind-Oarpagh]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Khoisan|Khoisan]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Mayagh|Mayagh]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Na-Dené|Na-Dené]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Neegeyragh-Congoagh|Neegeyragh-Congoagh]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Neelagh-Saharagh|Neelagh-Saharagh]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Ooralagh|Ooralagh]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Oto-Mangueagh|Oto-Mangueagh]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Pama-Nyunga|Pama-Nyunga]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Sepik-Ramu|Sepik-Ramu]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Sheenagh-Tibetagh|Sheenagh-Tibetagh]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Tai-Kadai|Tai-Kadai]]**
***[[Çhengaghyn Tupi|Tupi]]**
Nix (eayst)

Ta **Nix** ny **Pluto II** ny eayst beg t'ayns y Chorys Plutoynagh. V'eh feddynit magh 'sy vlein 2005. Ta'n mishoon spoar *[[New Horizons]]* ry-heet gys Nix 'sy vlein 2015.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
Neptioon

Ta **Neptioon** yn hoghtoo planaid magh ass y ghrian ayns Corys ny Greiney, as y kiaroo planaid smoo. T'eh soit eddyr Uraanus as Pluto.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
Uraanus

Ta **Uraanus** yn shiaghtoo planaid magh ass y ghrian ayns Corys ny Greiney, as y treoo planaid smoo. T'eh soit eddyr Sarn as Neptune.

## Imraaghyn
Charon (eayst)

Ta **Charon** ny **(134340) Pluto I** (Greagish: *Χάρων*) ny eayst smoo t'ayns y Chorys Plutoynagh. V'eh feddynit magh ec James Christy er 22 Mean Souree 1978. Ta ny h-oayllee credjal neesht dy vel Charon ny chooid jeh corys çhyndaaee lesh Pluto hene myr ta'n çheshvean trimmid oc soit magh as y daa nhee. T'ad goll cruinlaghey y boayll shen dy sincroanagh, t'eh shen, ta un oaie ec Pluto dy kinjagh rish Charon, as un oaie ec Charon dy kinjagh rish Pluto. 

Ren y mishoon spoar *[[New Horizons]]* çheet gys Pluto as Charon 'sy vlein 2015.

## Imraaghyn
Yn Yugoslaavey

She **yn Yugoslaavey** yn ennym ta currit er tree ynnydyn lheamyssagh politickagh ayns ny Çheeraghyn Balkanagh. She *Çheer ny Slavee Yiassagh* y keeall lesh yn ennym ayns çhengaghyn Slavagh ny Balkanee. V'ee Reeriaght ny Yugoslaavey y chied çheer dy row yn ennym shen currit urree. V'eh Reeriaght ny Serbee, ny Croitee as ny Sloveanee yn ennym oikoil urree, as v'ee bunnit ayns Mee ny Nollick 1918. Va'n ennym ceaghlit er 3 Jerrey Fouyir 1923 dys "Reeriaght ny Yugoslaavey".

Ayns 1941 ren yn Iddaal as y Ghermaan ruegey er yn Yugoslaavey as myr shen va'n reeriaght creaghnit 'sy vlein 1945. Va'n "Yugoslaavey Gheynlagh Chonastagh" fogrit 'sy vlein 1943 as 'sy vlein 1946 va'n ennym ceaghlit dys "Deynphobblaght Chonastagh ny Yugoslaavey" as va'n reiltys fo stiurey cummynagh. Va'n ennym ceaghlit reesht ayns 1963 dys Pobblaght Chonastagh Hoshiallagh ny Yugoslaavey. Va'n çheer co-yeant jeh shey pobblaghtyn soshiallagh: y Clovean, y Chroit, Bosnia as Herzegovina, Montenegro, y Serb, as y Vassadoan.

Ny yei tuittym veih my cheilley ny Yugoslaavey ayns ny 1990yn va Yugoslaavey noa bunnit eddyr y Serb as Montenegro myr Pobblaght Chonastagh ny Yugoslaavey. Agh va jerrey currit dy h-oikoil ayns 2006 tra hooar Montenegro e neuchroghedys.
1473

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 19 Toshiaght Arree - Nicolaus Copernicus, rollageyder as maddaghteyr Polynnagh († 1543)
* 17 Mart - Ree Jamys IV ny hAlbey († 1513)

## Baaseyn
* 24 Jerrey Geuree - Conrad Paumann, cummeyder Germaanagh (r. c.1410)
* 24 Mee ny Nollick - John Cantius, scoillar as jeeoilagh Polynnagh (r.1390)
1846

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 5 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Rudolf Christoph Eucken, screeudeyr Germaanagh (b. 1926)
* 4 Averil &ndash; Comte de Lautreamont, screeudeyr Frangagh (b. 1870)
* 5 Boaldyn &ndash; Henryk Sienkiewicz, ughtar Polynnagh (b. 1916)
* 27 Mean Souree &ndash; Charles Stewart Parnell, politickeyr Yernagh (b. 1891)
* 23 Luanistyn &ndash; Alexander Milne Calder, grainneyder Americaanagh (b. 1923)

## Baaseyn
* 21 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Impir Ninko yn Çhapaan (r. 1800)
* 17 Mart &ndash; Friedrich Bessel, maddaghteyr as rollageyder Germaanagh (r. 1784)
* 23 Boaldyn &ndash; Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki, politickeyr Polynnagh (r. 1778)
* 6 Mee Houney &ndash; Karol Marcinkowski, fer lhee as oayllee sheshaghtys Polynnagh (r. 1800)
Johann Gottfried Galle

Va **Johann Gottfried Galle** (9 Mean Souree 1812 &ndash; 10 Jerrey Souree 1910) ny rollageyder Germaanagh as n'eddynagh magh y phlanaid Neptune. V'eh ruggit ayns Radis 'sy vlein 1812.
Eris (planaid crivassanagh)

Ta **Eris** (; cowrey: ), ny **136199 Eris** ny **2003 UB<sub>313</sub>** myr t'eh enmyssit ny keayrtyn, ny phlanaid crivassanagh. T'eh ny phlanaid crivassanagh smoo ayns Corys ny Greiney as ny nuyoo nhee smoo ta cruinlaghey yn Ghrian. T'eh 2,500 km er crantessen as t'eh 27% by moo na Pluto. V'eh feddynit magh er 21 Jerrey Fouyir, 2003

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Entreilys Stoyr Fysserree MPC da (136199) Eris
1907

## Taghyrtyn
* 5 Mart - Va'n chied Duma foshlit ayns Caayr Pheddyr, 'sy Roosh

## Ruggyryn
* 20 Jerrey Geuree - Paula Wessely, ben-chloieder fillym Austeyragh (m. 2000)
* 23 Jerrey Geuree - Hideki Yukawa, fishigagh Shapaanagh (m. 1981)
* 1 Toshiaght Arree - Günter Eich, screeudeyr Germaanagh (m. 1972)
* 15 Toshiaght Arree - Jean Langlais, cummeyder as organeyr Frangagh (m. 1991)
* 15 Toshiaght Arree - Cesar Romero, cloieder fillym Americaanagh (m. 1994)
* 17 Toshiaght Arree - Buster Crabbe, snaueder as cloieder fillym Americaanagh (m. 1983)
* 21 Toshiaght Arree - W. H. Auden, feelee Sostynagh (m. 1973)
* 8 Mart - Constantine Karamanlis, politickeyr Greagagh (m. 1998)
* 12 Mart - Dorrit Hoffleit, rollageyder Americaanagh (m. 2007)
* 18 Mart - John Zachary Young, bea-oayllee Sostynagh (m. 1997)
* 23 Mart - Daniel Bovet, oaylee Soveidjagh (m. 1992)
* 13 Averil - Harold Stassen, politickeyr Americaanagh (m. 2001)
* 24 Averil - William Sargant, fer lhee aigney Goaldagh (m. 1988)
* 11 Boaldyn - Rose Ausländer, ben-vard Germaanagh (m. 1988)
* 12 Boaldyn - Katharine Hepburn, ben-chloieder fillym Americaanagh (m. 2003)
* 26 Boaldyn - John Wayne, cloieder fillym Americaanagh (m. 1979)
* 14 Mean Souree - René Char, feelee Frangagh (m. 1988)
* 28 Jerrey Fouyir - John Harold Hewitt, feelee Yernagh (m. 1987)
* 10 Mee Houney - John Moore, ughtar Goaldagh (m. 1967)

## Baaseyn
* 2 Toshiaght Arree - Dmitri Mendeleev, kemmigagh Rooshagh (r. 1834)
* 16 Toshiaght Arree - Giosuè Carducci, screeudeyr Iddaalagh (r. 1835)
* 20 Toshiaght Arree - Henri Moissan, kemmigagh Frangagh (r. 1852)
* 19 Mart - Thomas Bailey Aldrich, feelee as noaskeealagh Americaanagh (r. 1836)
* 12 Boaldyn - Joris-Karl Huysmans, ughtar Frangagh (r. 1848)
* 13 Jerrey Souree - Heinrich Kreutz, rollageyder (r. 1854)
* 16 Luanistyn - James Hector, creg-oayllee Albinagh (r. 1834)
* 21 Mee ny Nollick - Klara Hitler, mayr Adolf Hitler (r. 1860)

## Aundyryn Nobel
* Shee - Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Louis Renault
* Fishig - Albert Abraham Michelson
* Kemmig - Eduard Buchner
* Lheihys - Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran
* Lettyraght - Rudyard Kipling
Hydra (eayst)

Ta **Hydra** (Greagish: *Ύδρα*) ny **Pluto III** ny eayst beg t'ayns y Chorys Plutoynagh. V'eh feddynit magh 'sy vlein 2005. Ta'n mishoon spoar *[[New Horizons]]* ry-heet gys Hydra 'sy vlein 2015.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
Tethys (eayst)

Ta **Tethys** (Greagish: *Τηθύς*) ny eayst ta cruinlaghey y planaid Sarn feddynit magh ec Giovanni Domenico Cassini 'sy vlein 1684.

## Troyn fishigagh

## Eaystyn Troyagh
Ta ny h-eaystyn Telesto as Calypso soit çheusthie dy ny poyntyn Lagrange L4 as L5 60 keimyn er y chione as ny yei Tethys as çheusthie y chruinlee.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Gruaie Tethys ec Ronsaghey Magh Corys ny Greiney NASA
* Caslys queeyllagh Tethys (Voyager)
* The Planetary Society: Tethys
1840yn

## Taghyrtyn
* Yn Gortey Mooar ayns Nerin

## Fir Hoshee


|- align-center
|align=center bgcolor=#F0F0F0 colspan=121|**[[Yn Oarpey]]**
|- align=center 
|align=left bgcolor=#F0F0F0|Yn Vretyn Vooar 
|colspan=120 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#E0E0FF style="border-left:none;"|Barriaght
|- align=center 
|align=left bgcolor=#F0F0F0|Nerin
|- align=center 
|align=left bgcolor=#F0F0F0 style="margin-left:2px"|Yn Rank
|colspan=95 bgcolor=#FFE0E0|Louis-Philippe
|colspan=72 bgcolor=#FFE0E0|Y Nah Phobblaght
|- align=center 
|align=left bgcolor=#F0F0F0 style="margin-left:2px"|Yn Spaainey
|colspan=120 bgcolor=#F8E0F0|Ysbal II
|- align=center 
|align=left bgcolor=#F0F0F0 style="margin-left:2px"|Yn Austeyr
|bgcolor=#F8F8B8 colspan=95 rowspan=3|Ferdinand I
|bgcolor=#E8FFB8 colspan=72 rowspan=3|Franz Joseph I
|- align=center 
|align=left bgcolor=#F0F0F0 style="margin-left:2px"|Yn Ungaar
|- align=center 
|align=left bgcolor=#F0F0F0 style="margin-left:2px"|Bohemia
|- align=center bgcolor=#C0C0C0 
|align=left bgcolor=#F0F0F0 style="margin-left:2px"|Yn Phroosh
|colspan=120 bgcolor=#FFDAB9|Ferdorraghey Illiam IV
|- align=center 
|align=left bgcolor=#F0F0F0 style="margin-left:2px"|Yn Toolynn
|colspan=45 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#EFE0FF|Çhalse XIV Juan
|colspan=75 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#EFE0FF|Oscar I
|- align=center 
|align=left bgcolor=#F0F0F0 style="margin-left:2px"|Norlynn
|- align=center 
|align=left bgcolor=#F0F0F0 style="margin-left:2px"|Yn Danvarg
|colspan=95 bgcolor=#FFCCCC style="border-left:none;"|Christian VIII
|colspan=25 bgcolor=#EFE0FF|Ferdorraghey VII
|- align=center 
|align=left bgcolor=#F0F0F0 style="margin-left:2px" |Yn Roosh
|bgcolor=#FFECE0 colspan=120|Niglus I
|- align=center 
|align=left bgcolor=#F0F0F0 style="margin-left:2px"|Yn Phapanaght
|colspan=70 bgcolor=#E0ECEF|Gregoir XVI
|colspan=50 bgcolor=#E0ECEF|Pius IX
|- align=center 
|align=left bgcolor=#F0F0F0 style="margin-left:2px"|Impiraght ny Turkee
|colspan=120 bgcolor=#E7C6A5|Abd-ul-Mejid I
|- align-center 
|align=center bgcolor=#E3E3E3 colspan=121|**[[Yn Aishey]]**
|- align-center 
|align=left bgcolor=#E3E3E3 style="margin-left:2px"|Yn Çheen
|colspan=120 bgcolor=#E0FFE0 align="center"|Daoguang
|- align-center 
|align=left bgcolor=#E3E3E3 style="margin-left:2px"|Yn Phershey
|colspan=95 bgcolor=#BCED91 align="center"|Mohammad Shah Qajar
|colspan=25 bgcolor=#BCED91 align="center"|Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar
|- align-center 
|align=left bgcolor=#E3E3E3 style="margin-left:2px"|Yn Çhapaan
|colspan=70 bgcolor=#DBE6E0 align="center"|Ninkō
|colspan=50 bgcolor=#DBE6E0 align="center"|Kōmei
|- align-center 
|align=center bgcolor=#E3E3E3 colspan=121|**[[Yn Americkey Hwoaie]]**
|- align-center 
|align=left bgcolor=#E3E3E3 style="margin-left:2px"|SUA
|colspan=13 bgcolor=#DBFEF8 align="center"|1
|colspan=2 bgcolor=#DBFEF8 align="center"|2
|colspan=47 bgcolor=#DBFEF8 align="center"|John Tyler
|colspan=37 bgcolor=#DBFEF8 align="center"|James K. Polk
|colspan=11 bgcolor=#DBFEF8 align="center"|Zachary Taylor
|}
1 Martin Van Buren
2 William Henry Harrison
Monocseed charboan

Ta **monocseed charboan** (formley kemmigagh: **CO**) ny ghas nieunagh loshtagh gyn daah, gyn soar as gyn blass as ta begnagh cho gloo as yn aer, agh beggan ny sloo. Ta monocseed charboan jeant ass un vreneen dy charboan as un vreneen d'ocsygien ta kianglt ry cheilley liorish kiangley trooragh. T'eh ny charboan ocseed s'oney.
Fleetwood Mac

Ta **Fleetwood Mac** ny phossan craa-chiaull Goaldagh/Americaanagh. Va'n bann bunnit 'sy vlein 1967. T'ad craa-chiaull, pop-chiaull chrauee, craa-chiaull groamid as kiaull groamid ny sorçhyn chiaull ta cloie ec y vann.
Titan (eayst)

She **Titan** (Greagish: *Τῑτάν*) ny **Sarn VI** yn eayst smoo ayns y chorys Sarnagh. T'eh yn nah eayst smoo ayns Corys ny Greiney ny yei Ganymede as t'eh ny smoo na Crean. V'eh feddynit magh ec y rollageyder Ollanagh Christiaan Huygens 'sy vlein 1655.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
Portiugish

She **Portiugish** çhengey ashoonagh y Phortiugal as nane jeh ny çhengaghyn smoo scanshoil 'sy theihll. T'ee ny çhengey oikoil ayns 9 çheeraghyn, lheid as y Vrasseel, y Vosambeeck, Angoley, as y Teemor Hiar, as 'syn Unnaneys Oarpagh. T'eh er chredjal dy vel ny smoo na 280 millioonyn dy loayreyderyn ayn.

## Imraaghyn
Spaainish

She **Spaainish** çhengey ashoonagh y Spaainey chammah as y chooid smoo jeh America Yiass as Veanagh. Ta scansh ec y çhengey, myrgeddin, ayns ny h-Ellanyn Phillippeenagh, ayns Meksico as ayns cooid vie jeh ny Steatyn Unnaneysit. T'eh er chredjal dy vel ny smoo na 500 millioonyn dy loayreyderyn ayn.
Iddaalish

She çhengey Romanagh lesh ny çhengaghyn Ind-Oarpagh ee yn **Iddaalish** (, , ny , ). Dirree eeass Ladjyn ny Çheerey va goll er loayrt ayns Impiraght y Raue as, cur liorish y Tardeenish, sloo yn eddyr-scarrey t'ayn eddyr ee as y Ladjyn. Ta oolaghyn noa-emshiragh cowraghey dy vel eddyr 68 millioonyn as 85 millioonyn d'Iddaalisheyryn, goaill stiagh 64 millioonyn dy loayreyderyn dooghyssagh 'sy vlein 2024.

She çhengey oikoil yn Iddaal, San Marino, yn Elveeish (Ticino as ayrn jeh Grischun), as Ard-valley yn Phaab ta'n Iddaalish, as ta staydys mynlagh oikoil eck 'sy Chroit, 'sy Clovean (Istria), 'sy Romaan, ayns Bosnia as Herzegovina, as ayns 6 baljaghtyn 'sy Vrasseel. T'ee goll er loayrt ayns çheeraghyn Oarpagh elley, lheid as 'sy Valta (lesh 66% jeh pobble yn ellan), 'syn Albaan (ny smoo na 70% jeh pobble yn çheer), as ayns Monaco, chammah as lesh boodeeyssyn arreydee sthie as eebyrtagh ayns ny h-Americkyn, 'syn Austrail, as er mooar-rheynnyn elley.

## Noteyn

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Accademia della Crusca 
* 
* Treccani 
* Il Nuovo De Mauro 
* "Learn Italian", BBC 
* Xeno Italia
Romaanish

She **Romaanish** çhengey ashoonagh y Romaan. T'ee ny çhengey oikoil 'sy Romaan as ayns Moldova.

## Noteyn

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* SAMPA da'n Romaanish 
* ''Romanian Reference Grammar'', lesh Dana Cojocaru, Ollooscoill Bucharest (183 pages) – 4.6 MB – pdf
Polynnish

She çhengey Lechitagh, fo-chrouw ny çhengaghyn Slavagh Heear ee yn **Pholynnish** () ta goll er loayrt 'sy Pholynn as liorish mynlee Pholynnagh ayns ram çheeraghyn elley. She çhengey oikoil y Pholynn t'ayn. She abbyrlhit y Pholynnish yn aght screeuee t'eck as eh jannoo ymmyd jeh 9 lettyr elley (*ą*, *ć*, *ę*, *ł*, *ń*, *ó*, *ś*, *ź*, *ż*). 

Ga dy ren y lught reill Austeyragh, Germaanagh as Rooshagh cur broo er yn ashoon Polynnagh (car y 19oo as y 20oo eash leah) lurg Rheynnyn y Polynn, as eh cur lesh eiyrtyssyn y Pholynnish y chur fo chosh, dirree lettyraght verçhagh magh as jiu she ish y çhengey smoo mastey ny çhengaghyn Slavagh Heear er çheu earroo ny loayreyderyn. T'ee ny nah hengey smoo rere earroo ny loayreyderyn mastey ny çhengaghyn Slavagh lurg y Rooshish as roish yn Ookraanish.

## Sheeanchoryssaghtys

Ta shey breeockle beill (dagh fer jeu ny unghooaght) as daa vreeockle stroanney. She ny breeocklyn beill t'ayn na  (goll er lettraghey myr *i*),  (goll er lettraghey myr *y*),  (goll er lettraghey myr *e*),  (goll er lettraghey myr *a*),  (goll er lettraghey myr *o*) as  (goll er lettraghey myr *u* ny *[[ó]]*). She ny breeocklyn stroanney t'ayn na  (goll er lettraghey myr *[[ę]]*) as  (goll er lettraghey myr *[[ą]]*).

Ta corys ny corocklyn 'sy Pholynnish ny smoo cast: ta ny troghyn er lheh goaill stiagh straih jeh affricaidyn as corocklyn cleaoil ta çheet magh ass kiare cleaoilaghey Proto-Slavagh as daa chleaoilaghey elley haghyr 'sy Pholynnish as 'sy Velarooshish. Foddee possan slane ny corocklyn, marish y lettraghey dauesyn smoo cadjin, y hoyrt myr shoh (ga y vel bun-ronseeyn sheeanchoryssaghtagh elley ayn):
*bleaystee  *(p)*,  *(b)*,  *(t)*,  *(d)*,  *(k)*,  *(g)*, as ny cummaghyn cleaoilit  *(ki)* as  *(gi)*
*screebee  *(f)*,  *(w)*,  *(s)*,  *(z)*,  *(sz)*,  *([[ż]], rz)*, ny cooyl-eeacklee chleaoil  *([[ś]], si)* as  *([[ź]], zi)*, as  *(ch, h)* as  *(chi, hi)*
*affricaidyn  *(c)*,  *(dz)*,  *(cz)*,  *(dż)*,  *([[ć]], ci)*,  *(dź, dzi)* *(t'ad screeuit gyn ny [[kiangley (clougraafeeaght)|kianglaghyn]] son freggyrtaght cho-earrooagh, ga dy vel anchasley ayn 'sy Pholynnish eddyr ny h-affricaidyn myr t'ayn ayns ny focklyn *czy* as *trzy*)
*[[corockle stronnagh|stronnee]]  *(m)*,  *(n)*,  *(ń, ni)*
*[[corockle faggyssaght|faggyssaghtyn]]  *(l)*,  *(j)*,  *(ł)*
*[[corockle craa|craa]]  *(r)''

Ta neaghtyraghey ry-chlashtyn eddyr corocklyn gooagh as neughooagh ayns çhymmyltaghtyn ennagh er lheh: ec jerrey focklyn (raad ta jee-ghooaghey taghyrtyn) as ayns dossyn ennagh er lheh (raad ta lheie taghyrtyn).

Ta'n trimmid tuittym, er y chooid smoo, er y çhillab lieh-yerrinagh ayns focklyn yl-hillabagh, ga dy vel lhimmaghyn ayn.

## Imraaghyn
Dione (eayst)

She **Dione** (Greagish: *Διώνη*) ny **Sarn IV** nane jeh ny h-eaystyn ta cruinlaghey Sarn. V'eh feddynit magh 'sy vlein 1789 ec Giovanni Domenico Cassini.

## Imraaghyn
Slovackish

She çhengey Slavagh ee yn **Clovackish** ta loayrt 'sy Clovack as ayns ardjyn 'sy Phobblaght Çheck as 'syn Ungaar.
Yn Ghrian

Ta'n **Ghrian** ny rollage ta soit ayns çheshvean Chorys ny Greiney. Ta'n Chruinney as stoo elley (cur planaidyn, mynphlannadyn, dreigaghyn, comaidyn as joan 'syn earroo) cruinlaghey ee. Ta 99.8% glout Chorys ny Greiney soit ayns y Ghrian.

Ta thalloo ny Greiney jeant ass hiddragien (74% er glout, 92% er thummid), hailium (24-25% er glout, 7% er thummid) as beggan elmintyn elley, lhied as yiarn, nickyl, ocsygien, shillagon, sulfur, magnaishum, carboan, neion, kelkium as cromium. Ta rang scaanagh G2V eck. Ta *G2* cowraghey dy vel y thalloo mygeayrt 5,780 K er çhassid, as eh cur daah bane urree. Rere skeayley yn aeraght, t'eh jeeaghyn dy vel daah bane er y sollys.

## Imraaghyn
1584

## Taghyrtyn
* Va Archangelsk bunnit ayns twoaie yn Roosh.

## Ruggyryn
* 13 Averil - Albert VI y Vaveyr (b. 1666)
* 16 Mee ny Nollick - John Selden, leigh-oayllee Sostynagh (b. 1654)
* *date gyn fys*
** William Baffin, ronseyder Sostynagh (b. 1622)
** Francis Beaumont, dramadeyr Sostynagh (b. 1616)
** Antonio Cifra, cummeyder Iddaalagh (b. 1629)
** Matthias Gallas, sidoor Austeyragh (b. 1647)

## Baaseyn
* 4 Jerrey Geuree - Tobias Stimmer, peinteyr as linneyder Elveeishagh (r. 1539)
* 10 Mart - Thomas Norton, politickeyr as screeudeyr Sostynagh (r. 1532)
* 18 Mart - Tsar Ivan IV y Roosh (r. 1530)
* 22 Luanistyn - Jan Kochanowski, screeudeyr Polynnagh (r. 1530)
1711

## Taghyrtyn
* 

## Ruggyryn
* 1 Jerrey Geuree - Franz Freiherr von der Trenck, sidoor Austeyragh (m. 1749)
* 7 Boaldyn - David Hume, fallsoonagh Albinagh (m. 1776)
* 22 Jerrey Souree - Georg Wilhelm Richmann, fishigagh Rooshagh (m. 1753)
* 1 Mean Fouyir - William Boyce, cummeyder Sostynagh (m. 1779)
* 25 Mean Fouyir - Impir Qianlong ny Sheen (m. 1799)
* 25 Mee ny Nollick - Jean Joseph de Mondonville, cummeyder Frangagh (m. 1772)

## Baaseyn
* 6 Jerrey Geuree - Philipp van Almonde, ard-marragh Ollanagh (r. 1646)
* 13 Mart - Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, feelee as cremeyder Frangagh (r. 1636)
* 7 Mean Souree - Henry Dodwell, jeeoilagh Yernagh (r. 1641)
Sheckish

She **Sheckish** çhengey ashoonagh ny Pobblaght Çheck. T'ee ny çhengey Clavagh ta loayrit 'sy Phobblaght Çheck, 'sy Clovack as 'syn Austeyr.
Ny Loghlynee

Va **ny Loghlynee** nyn glein Germaanagh ass Loghlin jeh foaynoo mooar er son nyn ronseyderyn, vir caggee, marçhanyn as spooilleyderyn marrey. Eddyr ny bleintyn 800 as 1050 ren ad coloinaghey, soiaghyn as traghtal er feie cooseyn, awinyn as ellanyn ny h-Oarpey as eer shiar hwoaie yn Americkey Hwoaie. Va'n ennym *Norðmenn* (fir my hwoaie) currit orroo hene.
1485

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 1 Jerrey Fouyir - Johannes Dantiscus, feelee as aspick Polynnagh (m. 1548)
* *date gyn enney*
** Hernán Cortés, *conquistador* Spaainagh (m. 1547)

## Baaseyn
* 28 Toshiaght Arree - Niclas, Graf von Abensberg, sidoor Germaanagh (r. 1441)
* 22 Luanistyn - Ree Rickad III Hostyn (r. 1452)
1486

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 6 Jerrey Fouyir - Martin Agricola, cummeyder as sheiltynagh chiaull Germaanagh (m. 1556)
* 14 Mean Fouyir - Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, astroayllee as far-chemmicagh Germaanagh (m. 1535)

## Baaseyn
* 19 Mean Fouyir - Richard Oldham, cleragh Sostynagh
* *date gyn enney*
**Tízoc, fer toshee Asteckagh er Tenochtitlan
1487

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 16 Jerrey Souree - Andrea del Sarto, peinteyr Iddaalagh (m. 1531)

## Baaseyn
* 26 Mean Souree - John Argyropoulos, fallsoonagh
* 9 Mean Fouyir - Impir Chenghua ny Sheen (r. 1447)
* *date gyn enney*
** Tlacaelel, ard-saggyrt Tenochtitlán (r. 1397)
1488

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 6 Jerrey Geuree - Helius Eobanus Hessus, feelee Ladjyn Germaanagh (m. 1540)

## Baaseyn
* 11 Mean Souree - Jamys III ny h-Albey (r. c.1451)
* 18 Jerrey Souree - Alvise Cadamosto, ronseyder Iddaalagh (r. 1432)
1491

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 28 Mean Souree - Ree Henry VIII Hostyn (m. 1547)
* 26 Mean Fouyir - Impir Zhengde ny Sheen (m. 1536)
* 31 Mee ny Nollick - Jacques Cartier, ronseyder Frangagh (m. 1557)

## Baaseyn
*
1908

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 27 Luanistyn - Lyndon B. Johnson, 36oo eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit

## Baaseyn
* 21 Mean Souree - Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, cummeyder chiaull Rooshagh (r. 1844)
* 24 Mean Souree - Grover Cleveland, 22oo as 24oo eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (r. 1837)

## Aundyryn Nobel
* Fishg - Gabriel Lippmann
* Kemmig - Ernest Rutherford
* Lheeys - Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, Paul Ehrlich
* Lettyraght - Rudolf Christoph Eucken
* Shee - Fredrik Bajer
Subh Milis

She daan Yernagh eh **Subh Milis** (Gaelg: *Soo Millish*) lesh yn ughtar Séamus Ó Néill.

She daan beg neuchialgagh eh Subh Milis, agh daan breeoil t'aynjee myrgeddin myr ta'n lhaihder aeg currit ec smooinaght er seihll y dooiney. Ta'n feelee jannoo ymmyd jeh taghyrt beg cadjin dy churmayd ec smooinaght.
1490

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 12 Jerrey Fouyir - Bernardo Pisano, cummeyder Iddaalagh (m. 1548)

## Baaseyn
*
Ulysses S. Grant

Va **Ulysses S. Grant** ny **Hiram Ulysses Grant** (27 Averil, 1822 - 23 Jerrey Souree, 1885) ny 18oo Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit. V'eh ayns oik veih 4 Mart, 1869 derrey 3 Mart, 1877.
1758

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 28 Averil - James Monroe, yn 5oo Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (m. 1831)
* 6 Boaldyn - Maximilien Robespierre, irreyder magh Frangagh (m. 1794)

## Baaseyn
*
1831

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 19 Mee Houney - James A. Garfield, yn 20oo Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (m. 1881)

## Baaseyn
* 4 Jerrey Souree - James Monroe, yn 5oo Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (r. 1758)
1817

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 

## Baaseyn
* 18 Jerrey Souree - Jane Austin, noaskeealagh Hostynagh (r. 1775)
1735

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 30 Jerrey Fouyir - John Adams, y nah Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (m. 1826)

## Baaseyn
*
1826

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 

## Baaseyn
* 4 Jerrey Souree - John Adams, y nah Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (r. 1735)
* 4 Jerrey Souree - Thomas Jefferson, y 3oo Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (r. 1743)
1797

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 

## Baaseyn
* 9 Jerrey Souree - Edmund Burke, screeudeyr, falsoonagh as politickeyr Yernagh (r. 1723)
1751

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 16 Mart - James Madison 4oo Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit († 1836)

## Baaseyn
*
1836

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 

## Baaseyn
* 28 Mean Souree - James Madison 4oo Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (r. 1751)
* 6 Mee Houney - Çhalse X ny Frank (r. 1757)
1809

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 12 Toshiaght Arree - Abraham Lincoln, 16oo Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (m. 1865)
* 12 Toshiaght Arree - Charles Darwin, oayllee Goaldagh (m. 1882)
* 29 Mee ny Nollick - William Ewart Gladstone, politickeyr Goaldagh (m. 1898)

## Baaseyn
*
1790

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 29 Mart - John Tyler, 10oo Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (m. 1862)

## Baaseyn
* 17 Averil - Benjamin Franklin, politickeyr as oayllee (r. 1706)
1862

## Taghyrtyn
### [[Caggey Theayagh SUA]]
* 6 Averil - 7 Averil - Cah Shiloh, (Tennessee)
* 17 Mean Fouyir - Cah Antietam (Maryland)

## Ruggyryn
* 

## Baaseyn
* 18 Jerrey Geuree - John Tyler, 10oo Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (r. 1790)
* 24 Jerrey Geuree - Martin Van Buren, 8oo Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (r. 1782)
1841

## Taghyrtyn

## Ruggyryn
* 8 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Antonín Dvořák, cummeyder Sheckagh (b. 1904)
* 9 Mee Houney &ndash; Ree Edard VII y Reeriaght Unnaneysit

## Baaseyn
* 18 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; William Henry Harrison, 9oo Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (r. 1790)
1845

## Taghyrtyn
* Toshiaght y Ghortey Vooar ayns Nerin

## Ruggyryn
* 10 Mart &ndash; Tsar Alistair III y Roosh (b. 1894)
* 30 Boaldyn &ndash; Ree Amadeus I y Spaainey (b. 1890)
* 25 Luanistyn &ndash; Ree Ludwig II y Vaveyr (b. 1886)

## Baaseyn
* 8 Mean Souree &ndash; Andrew Jackson, 7oo Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (r. 1767)
1885

## Taghyrtyn
* 

## Ruggyryn
* 

## Baaseyn
* 23 Jerrey Souree - Ulysses S. Grant, 18oo Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (r. 1822)
1893

## Taghyrtyn
* 

## Ruggyryn
* 26 Mee ny Nollick - Mao Zedong, fer toshee ny Sheen (m. 1976)

## Baaseyn
* 17 Jerrey Geuree - Rutherford B. Hayes, y 19oo eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (r. 1822)
1881

## Taghyrtyn
* 

## Ruggyryn
* 25 Jerrey Fouyir - Pablo Picasso, peinteyr Spaainagh (m. 1973)

## Baaseyn
* 19 Averil - Benjamin Disraeli, politickeyr Goaldagh (r. 1804)
* 2 Jerrey Souree - James A. Garfield, y 20oo eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (r. 1831)
1884

## Taghyrtyn
* 

## Ruggyryn
* 8 Boaldyn - Harry S. Truman, 33oo eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (m. 1972)

## Baaseyn
*
1789

## Taghyrtyn
* Va George Washington reiht myr y chied eaghtyrane ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit

## Ruggyryn
* 

## Baaseyn
*
1829

## Taghyrtyn
* 

## Ruggyryn
* 5 Jerrey Fouyir - Chester A. Arthur, y 21oo eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (m. 1886)

## Baaseyn
*
Séamus Ó Néill

Va **Séamus Ó Néill** (1910&ndash;1981) ny screeudeyr, ughtar as vard Yernagh ass Coontae yn Dooin, Nerin Hwoaie. She *[[Subh Milis]]* y daan smoo scanshoil t'echey. Screeu eh giareskeealyn da'n aegid (*An Seansaighdiúir*) as noaskeealyn.

## Obbyr
* An Sean-saighdiúir agus Scéalta Eile, (*Yn shenn sidoor as Skeealyn elley*), 1945.
* An iris/eagarth, 1945-1946.
* Colm Cille : drama i gceithre radharcanna (*Columcill: drama ayns kiare reayrtyn*), 1946.
* Tonn tuile (*Thoilley marrey*), noaskeeal, Sáirséal agus Dill, 1947.
* Dánta (*daanyn*), roie-1949;
* Iomramh an Ousel (*Marrinys yn Ousel*), Daanyn, roie-1949;
* Buaidh an Ultaigh (*Booie yn Ultee*), Drama, roie-1949;
* Díolta Faoina Luach (*Creckyn fo'n leagh*), Drama, roie-1949;
* Ní Chuireann Siad Síol (*Cha nel sheel spreiht oc*), Drama, roie-1949;
* Dánta do pháistí (*Daanyn da'n aegid*), 1949.
* Súil timpeall (*Sooill mygeayrt*), Eab, 1951.
* Up the Rebels, Oifig an tSoláthair, 1954. Trans. Doiminic Ó Ceallaigh.
* Ag baint fraochán : agus scéalta eile (*Çhaglym dressyn: as skeealyn elley*),  1955                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
* Máire Nic Artáin (Maire McCartan), noaskeeal, Cló Morainn, 1959.
* Iníon Rí Dhún Sobhairce : tragóid trí ghníomh (*Inneen Ree Dhún Sobhairce : branchloie tree-actagh*), 1967.
* Faill ar an bhFeart : dráma trí ghníomh (*Caa er y mirril : drama tree-actagh*), c.1970.
* An tSiúr Pól : dráma trí ghníomh (*Yn Çhuyr Paayl : drama tree-actagh*), c.1973.
* Rún an Oileáin (*Folliaght yn ellan*) ,1975. Drama va currit er ardan Halley Damer, Divlyn  5-10 Mean Souree, 1961.
* Iníon rí na Spáinne (*Inneen Ree ny Spaainey*), 1978.
1869

## Taghyrtyn
* 

## Ruggyryn
* 18 Mart - Neville Chamberlain, politickeyr Goaldagh (m. 1940)
* 2 Jerrey Fouyir - Mahatma Gandhi, fer toshee Injinagh (m. 1948)

## Baaseyn
* 8 Jerrey Fouyir - Franklin Pierce, 14oo Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (r. 1804)
1837

## Taghyrtyn
* 

## Ruggyryn
* 18 Mart - Grover Cleveland, y 22oo as y 24oo eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (m. 1908)

## Baaseyn
* 20 Mean Souree - Ree Illiam IV y Reeriaght Unnaneysit (r. 1765)
1849

## Taghyrtyn
* 

## Ruggyryn
* 

## Baaseyn
* 15 Mean Souree &ndash; James Knox Polk, 11oo Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (r. 1795)
1857

## Taghyrtyn
* 

## Ruggyryn
* 15 Mean Fouyir - William H. Taft, 27oo eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (m. 1930)

## Baaseyn
*
1861

## Taghyrtyn
### [[Caggey Theayagh SUA]]
* 12 Averil - 13 Averil - Cah Fort Sumter
* 17 Averil - Scarr y Virjeeney veih'n Unnaneys

## Ruggyryn
* 

## Baaseyn
*
1889

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 16 Averil - Charlie Chaplin, cloieder fillym as stiureyder Sostynagh (m. 1977)
* 20 Averil - Adolf Hitler, jaghteyr Germaanagh (m. 1945)

## Baaseyn
*
1909

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
*

## Baaseyn
* 

## Aundyryn Nobel
* Fishag - Guglielmo Marconi, Karl Ferdinand Braun
* Kemmig - Wilhelm Ostwald
* Lheeys - Emil Theodor Kocher
* Lettyraght - Selma Lagerlöf
* Shee - Auguste Marie Francois Beernaert as Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant
1913

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 9 Jerrey Geuree - Richard M. Nixon, 37oo eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (b. 1994)
* 14 Jerrey Souree - Gerald R. Ford, 38oo eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (b. 2006)

## Baaseyn
* 

## Aundyryn Nobel
* Fishig - Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes
* Kemmig - Alfred Werner
* Lheeys - Charles Robert Richet
* Lettyraght - Selma Lagerlöf
* Shee - Rabindranath Tagore
19oo eash

## Far-reayrt
*
## Taghyrtyn
*
## Sleih er-lheh
* Napoléon Bonaparte &ndash; impir y Rank
* Abraham Lincoln &ndash; eaghtyrane Steatyn Unnaneysit America 
* Benrein Victoria &ndash; ben-impir y Vretyn Vooar.
* Jane Austen &ndash; screeudeyr
* Honoré de Balzac &ndash; screeudeyr
* Charles Baudelaire &ndash; screeudeyr
* Ludwig van Beethoven &ndash; cummeyder Germaanagh
* Otto von Bismarck &ndash; steateyr Germaanagh
* Simón Bolívar &ndash; steateyr
* Anne Brontë &ndash; screeudeyr
* Charlotte Brontë &ndash; screeudeyr
* Emily Brontë &ndash; screeudeyr
* Frédéric Chopin &ndash; cummeyder
* Charles Dickens &ndash; screeudeyr
* Emily Dickinson &ndash; screeudeyr
* Benjamin Disraeli &ndash; steateyr Goaldagh
* Friedrich Engels &ndash; smooineyder
* Gustave Flaubert &ndash; screeudeyr

## Jeihaghtyn as bleeantyn
20oo eash

## Far-reayrt
Hoshee yn **20oo eash** er y 1 Jerrey Geuree 1901 as v'eh creaghnit er y 31 Nollick 2000. 

## Taghyrtyn
* 1914&ndash;1918: Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh.
* 1916: Irree Magh y Chaisht ayns Nerin
* 1917: Bun-chaghlaa yn Roosh.
* 1919&ndash;1921: Caggey yn Teyrsnys ayns Nerin
* 1936&ndash;1939: Caggey Theayagh y Spaainey
* 1939&ndash;1945: Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh.
* 1950&ndash;1953: Yn Caggey Feayr
* 1957&ndash;1975: Caggey yn Vietnam
* 1940yn&ndash;1990yn: Yn Caggey Feayr
* 1990&ndash;1991: Caggey yn Ghiau Vooar
* 1991&ndash;2001: Ny Caggaghyn Yugoslaavagh

## Sleih er-lheh
* Adolf Hitler &ndash; jaghteyr Germaanagh
* Josef Stalin &ndash; jaghteyr Rooshagh
* Éamon de Valera &ndash; politickeyr Yernagh, Taoiseach as Eaghtyrane Phobblaght Nerin
* Franklin D. Roosevelt &ndash; eaghtyrane Steatyn Unnaneysit America 
* Winston Churchill &ndash; ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit.

## Jeihaghtyn as bleeantyn
1895

## Taghyrtyn
* 

## Ruggyryn
* 10 Jerrey Souree - Carl Orff, cummeyder Germaanagh (m. 1982)
* 14 Nollick - Ree Shorys VI y Reeriaght Unnaneysit (m. 1952)

## Baaseyn
*
1910

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 

## Baaseyn
* 6 Boaldyn - Edard VII y Reeriaght Unnaneysit (r. 1841)

## Aundyryn Nobel
* Fishag - Johannes Diderik van der Waals
* Kemmig - Otto Wallach
* Lheeys - Albrecht Kossel
* Lettyraght - Paul Heyse
* Shee - Permanent International Peace Bureau
1911

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 6 Toshiaght Arree - Ronald W. Reagan, 40oo eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (m. 2004)

## Baaseyn
* 

## Aundyryn Nobel
* Fishig - Wilhelm Wien
* Kemmig - Maria Skłodowska-Curie
* Lheeys - Allvar Gullstrand
* Lettyraght - Maurice Maeterlinck
* Shee - Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Alfred Hermann Fried
1912

## Taghyrtyn
* 14 Averil - Goll sheese y lhong RMS Titanic.

## Ruggyryn
* 

## Baaseyn
* 20 Averil - Bram Stoker, screeudeyr Yernagh

## Aundyryn Nobel
* Fishig - Nils Gustaf Dalén
* Kemmig - Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier
* Lheeys - Alexis Carrel
* Lettyraght - Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann
* Shee - Elihu Root
1916

## Taghyrtyn
* 24 Averil - 30 Averil - Irree Magh ny Caisht ayns Divlyn, Nerin

## Ruggyryn
* 

## Baaseyn
* 

## Aundyryn Nobel
* Fishig - *Cha row er briwnys*
* Kemmig - *Cha row er briwnys*
* Lheeys - *Cha row er briwnys*
* Lettyraght - Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam
* Shee - *Cha row er briwnys*
1915

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 

## Baaseyn
* 

## Aundyryn Nobel
* Fishig - William Henry Bragg as William Lawrence Bragg
* Kemmig - Richard Willstätter
* Lheeys - *Cha row er briwnys*
* Lettyraght - Romain Rolland
* Shee - *Cha row er briwnys*
1914

## Taghyrtyn
* 28 Jerrey Souree - Hoshee yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh

## Ruggyryn
* 

## Baaseyn
* 

## Aundyryn Nobel
* Fishig - Max von Laue
* Kemmig - Theodore William Richards
* Lheeys - Robert Bárány
* Lettyraght - *Cha row er briwnys*
* Shee - *Cha row er briwnys*
Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh

Va'n **Chied Chaggey Dowanagh** ny **yn Chied Chaggey Mooar** ny **yn Caggey Mooar** ny chaggey dowanagh ayns yn Oarpey son y chooid smoo eddyr 1914 as 1918. Va ny smoo na 60 millioonyn guintee as hooar mygeayrt 20 millioonyn dy 'leih baase.

## Kianglaghyn mooie
Fodreayrtan Spoar Hubble

She fodreayrtan eh yn **Fodreayrtan Spoar Hubble** (Baarle: *Hubble Space Telescope*) va lhunysit 'sy spoar 'sy vlein 1990, as eh cruinlaghey yn Chruinney rieau neayr's shen. Foddee er jallooyn ny share dy ny rollageyn as ny redyn elley 'sy spoar dy gheddyn na un 'odreayrtan elley t'er y thalloo, myr ta'n aeraght lhiettal daue. Cha nel eh ny chied fodreayrtan 'sy spoar agh t'eh ny chione smoo t'ayn.

Ta'n fodreayrtan enmyssit ass y rollageyder Americaanagh Edwin Hubble.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* Hubble Space Telescope ec NASA.gov
* Spacetelescope.org, ynnyd-eggey far-roshtynagh liorish yn ESA
* The Hubble Heritage Project as tashtlann Hubble liorish STScI
* Tashtlann Hubble liorish ESA
* Tashtlann Hubble liorish y Canadian Astronomy Data Centre
* Soiaghey as lorgey feer-hraa Hubble location ec uphere.space
* Clou gorrym Hubble liorish yn ESA
Ollanish

She çhengey ashoonagh ny Çheer Injil as ny Flandyryn ee yn **Ollanish** (ayns Ollanish: *Nederlands*). T'ee loayrit ayns y Velg as ayns y Çheer Injil son y chooid smoo, agh t'ee ec ram sleih ayns çheeraghyn elley er feie ny cruinney lhied as y Toorinam as yn Affrick Yiass. She çhengey Ghermaanagh t'aynjee as ee cosoylagh rish y Ghermaanish as y Vaarle.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* The Nederlandse Taalunie, Unnaneys yn Ollanish
* The Dutch Learner's Grammar , veih Ollooscoill Sheffield
1870

## Taghyrtyn
* 3 Jerrey Geuree - Toshiaght troggalaght Droghad Brooklyn
* 19 Jerrey Souree - Toshiaght y Chaggey Frango-Prooshagh
* 6 Jerrey Fouyir - Haink er y Raue dy ve n'ard-valley ny h-Iddaal

## Ruggyryn
* 22 Averil - Vladimir Lenin, irreyder magh Rooshagh (m. 1924)
* 18 Nollick - Saki, ughtar as screeudeyr Sostynagh (m. 1916)

## Baaseyn
*
Dante Alighieri

Va **Dante Alighieri**, ny **Dante** (Boaldyn 1265 – 14 Mean Fouyir 1321), ny vard Iddaalagh ass Firenze. V'eh e obbyr scanshoil na'n *[[Yn Cloie Aitt Jeeoil|Divina Comedia]]*. T'eh goll er credjal dy vel eh yn obbyr share t'ayn ayns Iddaalish as ard-obbyr lettyraght ny cruinney. Ayns Iddaalish ta'n ennym "yn Ard-Vard" (*il Sommo Poeta*) currit er. T'ad Dante, Petrarch as Boccaccio ny deiney ta currit fo'n ennym "ny tree ard-phersoonyn" ny "ny tree crooinyn". T'eh er credjal myrgeddin dy vel Dante n*Ayr er yn Iddaalish*. Screeu Giovanni Boccaccio (1313–1375), screeudeyr y *[[Trattatello in laude di Dante]]*, yn chied bea-skeeal fo Dante.
Alexander Pushkin

Va **Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin** (Rooshish: Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Пу́шкин, focklit [ɐlʲɪˈksandr sʲɪˈrgʲevʲɪtɕ ˈpuʂkʲɪn]) (6 Mean Souree 1799 &ndash; 10 Toshiaght Arree 1837) n'ughtar Romansagh Rooshagh, as t'eh er credjal dy vel eh ny vard Rooshagh share as ny chiaddeyder er lettyraght Rooshagh noa-emshir.

Ruggit ayns Moscow, va'n chied daan echey soilshit as eh agh queig bleeaney jeig d'eash. Phoos eh Natalya Goncharova ayns 1831, agh 'sy vlein 1837 v'eh er credjal echey dy vel ee mooar lesh Georges d'Anthès. Hug Pushkin y lane fo d'Anthès as, rere caggey fer rish fer, hooar Pushkin baase.

## Obbyr
### Daanyn
* 1820 – Ruslan i Lyudmila (Руслан и Людмила); (*Ruslan as Ludmila*)
* 1820-21 – Kavkazskiy plennik (Кавказский пленник); (*Pryssoonagh ny Coagaash*)
* 1821 - Gavriiliada (Гавриилиада) ; (*Yn Gabrieliad*)
* 1821–22 – Bratya razboyniki (Братья разбойники); (*Ny Roosteyr-Vraaryn*)
* 1823 – Bakhchisaraysky fontan (Бахчисарайский фонтан); (*Farrane Bakhchisaray*)
* 1824 – Tsygany (Цыганы); (*Ny Shingaaraghyn*)
* 1825 – Graf Nulin (Граф Нулин); (*Yn Eearley Nulin*)
* 1829 – Poltava (Полтава); (*Poltava*)
* 1830 – Domik v Kolomnye (Домик в Коломне); (*Yn Thie Beg ayns Kolomna*)
* 1833 - Andjelo (Анджело); (*Angelo*)
* 1833 – Myedny vsadnik (Медный всадник); (*Yn Markiagh Ooha*)

### Noa-skeeal rane
* 1825-32 – Yevgeny Onegin (Евгений Онегин); (*Eugene Onegin*)
Charles de Gaulle

Va **Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle** (&ndash;)  ny eaghtyrane as n'eniagh caggee ny Frank. Rug eh ayns Lille as v'eh ynsit ayns Collège Stanislas ayns Paarys. Chur eh Forseyn ny Frangee Heyrey er bun 'sy vlein 1940 rish y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh. Ayns y vlein 1959 v'eh reiht myr y 22oo eaghtyrane ny Frank. Chur eh pobblaght noa er bun, y 5oo phobblaght. Hooar eh baase giense thie ayns Colombey-les-Deux-Églises 'sy vlein 1970.
John B. Keane

Va **John Brendan Keane** (21 Jerrey Souree 1928—30 Boaldyn 2002) ny screeudeyr cloie, vard as noaskeealagh Yernagh.

## E heihll
Ruggit ayns Lios Tuathail, Co. Cherree da William B. Keane as Hannah Purtill eh. V'eh troggit aynshen as neayr va'n ard-schoill creaghnit echey, hoshee eh gobbraghey myr coonteyder ayns shapp potecaree ayhs ny bleeantyn eddyr 1946 as 1951. Veih'n vlein 1951 derrey 1955 hie eh gys Sostyn er arraghey magh. 'Sy vlein 1955, hyndaa eh er ash gys Nerin, ynnyd ny vel eh gobbraghey ayns thie oast echey.

'Sy vlein 1991 va olteynys bea ayns y *[[Royal Dublin Society]]* bronnit er. V'eh ny eaghtyrane er PEN as v'eh ny chiaddeyder er yn *Irish Playwrights Society* (Sheshaght ny Draameyderyn Yernagh). 'Syn am keddin hooar eh olteynys ayns Aosdána.

V'eh poost liorish Mary O'Connor as va kiare dy chloan echey. Hooar eh baase ec y thie echey myr eiyrtys jeh kanghyr prostaitagh 'sy vlein 2002.
## Yn obbyr echey
### Dramaghyn
* *Sive* (1959)
* *Sharon's Grave* (1960)
* *The Highest House on the Mountain* (1961)
* *No More in Dust* (1961)
* *Many Young Men of Twenty* (1961)
* *Hut 42* (1962)
* *The Man from Clare* (1962)
* *Seven Irish Plays* (1967)
* *The Year of the Hiker*
* *The Field* 
* *Big Maggie*
* *Moll*
* *The Crazy Wall*
* *The Buds of Ballybunion*
* *The Chastitute*
* *Faoiseamh*
* *The Matchmaker*

### Noaskeealyn
* *The Bodhran Makers*
* *Durango*
* *The Contractors*
* *A High Meadow*
* *Letters of a successful T.D.*

### Eabyn
* *Love Bites*
* *Owl Sandwiches*
Amsterdam

She **Amsterdam** preeu-valley yn Çheer Injil. V'eh bunnit 'sy 12oo eash myr balley beg çheerey eeasteyraght, er broogh ny h-awin Amstel. Jiu, t'eh ny valley smoo 'sy çheer, as balley scanshoil rere cultoor as argidys. Ta ammyryn er feie y valley as ram thieyn tashtee ard-ghooagh (myr sampleyr y thie tashtee d'Anne Frank). Ta'n balley ard-ennymagh son ny leighyn libraalagh t'ayn bentyn rish druggaghyn as y cholleeys.
Veen

She **Veen** () preeu-valley yn Austeyr as nane jeh ny steatyn. Lesh earroo yn phobble ny smoo na 1.7 millioonyn, t'ee ny balley smoo 'sy çheer.


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Bratislava

She **Bratislava** preeu-valley yn Clovack lesh earroo yn phobble mygeayrt 427,000 echey. Ta'n balley soit er broogh yn awin Danube as t'eh çhemmit liorish yn Austeyr as yn Ungaar. She Bratislava ard-ynnyd politickoil, cultooragh as tarmaynagh y Clovack.
Yn Ollan Hwoaie

She queiggey jeh cooid ny Çheer Injil ee **yn Ollan Hwoaie** (). T'ee soit ayns sheear-yiass y çheer. She Haarlem preeu-valley y wheiggey. Ta preeu-valley yn Çheer Injil, Amsterdam, soit ayn myrgeddin. 

Va'n queiggey bunnit 'sy vlein 1840 veih qeiggey yn Ollan neayr's v'ee rheynnit ayns daa wheiggey: yn Ollan Yiass as yn Ollan Hwoaie.

## Baljaghtyn (48)

## Kianglaghyn
* http://www.noord-holland.nl
Lefkosia

She **Lefkosia** ny **Nicosia** (ennym ynnydoil: *Lefkosia*, Greagish: *Λευκωσία*, Turkish: *Lefkoşa*) preeu-valley yn Cheeprey as y balley smoo er yn ellan. Ta'n balley soit ayns çheshvean yn ellan rish yn awin Pedieos. Rish ny bleeantyn jerrinagh shoh ta'n balley er ny ve rheynnit eddyr y Cheeprey as Pobblaght Hurkagh y Cheeprey Hwoaie, yn un ard-valley er y chruinney ta rheynnit liorish boalley meanagh caggee. Ta'n chooid hwoaie ny preeu-valley er y Cheeprey Hurkagh.
Yn Cheeprey

She ellan as çheer 'sy Veanvooir ee **yn Cheeprey** ny **yn Chyprys** (Greagish: *Κύπρος*, *Kípros*, Turkish: *Kıbrıs*). T'ee soit 'sy Veanvooir, 113 km magh veih'n choose Turkagh. She Nicosia yn preeu-valley, as t'eh, myr yn ellan er feie, rheynnit eddyr Pobblaght ny Ceeprey as Pobblaght Hurkagh ny Ceeprey Hwoaie.

## Noteyn

## Imraaghyn
Yn Raue

She preeu-valley yn Iddaal as y chaayr as y commyoon smoo cummaltit 'sy çheer ee **yn Raue** (, . Ta'n chaayr 1,285.3 km2 er eaghtyr as ta ny smoo na 2.7 millioonyn dy 'leih cummal ayn. Ta ny h-enmyn *Caput Mundi* (Ard-valley ny cruinney), *la città Eterna* (yn balley beayn), *Limen Apostolorum* (Sole dorrys ny h-Ostyllyn), *la città dei sette colli* (Balley ny shiaght cruink) as *l'Urbe* (Yn ard-valley) currit urree. T'ee ny soiaghey son yn Agglish Raueagh as ta'n steat seyr, Ard-valley yn Phaab soit aynjee myrgeddin. T'ee ny soie er Awin y Tiber ayns Lazio, fer jeh ny h-ardjyn Iddaalagh, ayns sheear meanagh lieh-innys yn Iddaal.

## Noteyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Commyoon y Raue 
* APT (Oik Turrysid oikoil) Ard-valley yn Raue