Cicero

**Marcus Tullius Cicero** (; 3 Jerrey Geuree 106 RC&nbsp;– 7 Nollick 43&nbsp;RC), she steateyr, leighder, schoillar, fallsoonagh, screeudeyr, as ouryssagh Raueagh v'eh, ren e chooid share ny prinsabylyn optimatagh y chummal seose car ny geyre-ghaueyn chur rish bunneeaght Impiraght y Raue. Ghow e screeunyn lheeadagh stiagh traghtyssyn bentyn rish y retrick, y fallsoonys, as y pholitickaght. T'eh coontit mastey ny h-oraatee share 'sy Raue as y noader er ny haink dy ve enmyssit "retrick Cicero." Va Cicero ynsit 'sy Raue as 'sy Ghreag. Haink eh ass mooinjer baljagh berçhagh jeh oardagh aghlagh y Raue, as ren eh shirveish myr consyl ayns 63&nbsp;RC.

S'mooar yn chummaght v'echey er y Ladjyn. Screeu eh ny smoo na tree kerrooyn jeh lettyraght y Ladjyn foast er mayrn ta fys ain er voish lhing e vea, as t'eh raait dy nee freggyrt ny goll er ash dys e vod 'sy phrose haink ny yei, cha nee 'sy Ladjyn ny lomarcan, agh ayns çhengaghyn yn Oarpey derrey'n 19oo eash. Chur Cicero stiagh 'sy Ladjyn arganeyssyn ny scoillyn mooarey jeh'n allsoonys Greagagh as chroo eh ram focklyn 'sy Ladjyn bentyn rish yn allsoonys trooid noaid focklagh (m.s. noa-ocklyn lheid as , *generator*, , *infinitio*, , ), as begnagh 150 jeu currit stiagh voish çhyndaa çhiarrymyn fallsoonagh y Ghreagish. Haishbyn ny h-obbraghyn shen eh myr scoillar jesh yn allsoonys as myr çhyndaader schleioil.

Ga dy nee oraatagh cooilleeinit as leighder rahdoil v'eh, chred Cicero dy row yn rah echey smoo ry-gheddyn 'sy choorse bea echey. Ren y co-chialg Catilinagh eab y reiltys y cheau magh trooid ruegys er y valley liorish forsaghyn mooie car e chonsyllys. Chur Cicero yn irree magh fo chosh trooid giare-hual as cur-gy-baase queig co-chialgeyryn gyn cooish leigh. Car eash veanagh y lhing veanagh jeh'n chied eash RC, tra haghyr caggaghyn theayagh as jaghteyrys Yool Kaesar, chur Cicero er oaie filley er ash dys tradishoon pobblaghtagh y reiltys. Lurg baase Chaesar, haink Cicero dy ve ny noid lesh Markys Anthoin 'sy troddan cummaght haink ny yei, raad ren eh soiaghey er ayns straih oraidyn. V'eh tarmestit myr noid y steat liorish y Nah Trooraght as currit gy baase liorish sidooryn va gobbraghey er nyn son ayns 43&nbsp;RC, erreish dy row eh goit car eiyrtys çhea voish lieh-innys yn Iddaal. Va e laueyn as e chione giarrit taishbynit er y Rostra.

Ta aa-gheddyn Petrarch jeh lettyryn Cicero coontit myr toshiaght yn Aaruggyr ayns cooishyn theayagh, sheelnauederys, as cultoor classicagh Raueagh. Haink mullagh eaghtyrys as ooashley Cicero 'sy 18oo eash car y Toilsheraght, as s'mooar va'n chummaght echey er smooineyderyn as sheiltynee pholitickagh y Toilsheraght lheid as John Locke, David Hume, Montesquieu, as Edmund Burke. Ta e obbraghyn coontit mastey ny h-obbraghyn smoo cummaghtagh ayns cultoor y theihll. T'ad foast ymmydit myr y corpane smoo scanshoil jeh stoo bunneydagh da screeu as aastudeyrys y çhennaghys Raueagh, goaill stiagh laaghyn jerrinagh Phobblaght y Raue.

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## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Obbraghyn liorish Cicero ec Perseus Digital Library
* Obbraghyn liorish Cicero ec Stoic Therapy eLibrary
* The Latin Library (Ladjyn): Obbraghyn Cicero
* Dickinson College Commentaries: ''Against Verres 2.1.53–86''
* Dickinson College Commentaries: ''On Pompey's Command (De Imperio) 27–49''
* Horace MS 1b Laelius de Amicitia at OPenn
* [Lewis E 66 Epistolae ad familiares (Lettyryn da caarjyn)
'''Beashnyssyn as coontyssyn er traa Cicero'''

Beashnys Cicero liorish [Plutarch] t'ayns 
* *Life of Cicero* liorish Anthony Trollope,  as 
* 
* 
*  liorish W. Warde Fowler
* 
* Cicero ec ynnyd-eggey Middlebury College