open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Rolley bollee hellveeish ayns ny çhengaghyn Celtiagh

Ta bollee hellveeish ayns çhengaghyn Celtiagh ry-gheddyn 'sy Rank, ayns Nerin, as 'syn RU. Va ram loayreyderyn ny Yernish, ny Bretnish as ny Britaanish cur aggyrtys er bollee ayns nyn jengaghyn oc er feie ny bleeantyn as v'ad ladoosagh. 'Sy vlein 2008 hoshee bollagh noa ayns Gaelg Albinagh, BBC Alba, scaalheaney. Ec y traa t'ayn, ansherbee, cha nel bollee lane-emshiragh ayns Gaelg ny Cornish. Ta planyn ayn bollagh Yernish dy chur er bun ayns Nerin Hwoaie.

## [[Yernish]]

* Cúla4: bollagh çhellveeish y Yernish va scarrit magh ass TG4 as ta jeerit da paitçhyn as deiney aegey.

* TG4: bollagh ta scaalheaney ayns Pobblaght Nerin as ayns meeryn reiht dy Nerin Hwoaie. Ta TG4 ladoosagh ayns scaalheaney ayns Yernish as ayns bishaghey Yernisheyryn, faagail magh nagh vel agh bushaid veg echey. Ta TG4 jeerit da loayreyderyn aegey lesh claaryn aeglagh. Ta TG4 cur failt er argid veih soilsheenyn ass Reiltys Nerin lesh bushaid vleinoil dy 40 millioonyn euro.

* RTÉ News Now: shirveish naight vio 24 ooryn er ynnyd-eggey RTÉ. T'eh arral mestey claaryn naight as politickagh ayns Yernish, Baarle as glare chowree Yernagh.

* RTÉ International ny *RTÉ Idirnáisiúnta* : bollagh çhellveeish bun-earrooagh noa. Bee yn bollagh currit er aer veih Mart 2009. Bee claaryn Yernish veih TG4 scaalheanit er y vollagh, as bee'n bollagh ry-akin ayns Nerin, yn RU, yn Oarpey as America Hwoaie.

* Oireachtas TV: bollagh bun-earrooagh ta treealt ayns Pobblaght Nerin veih 2009, as eh cur magh scaalheanyn veih'n daa hie dy Reiltys Nerin, Dáil Éireann as Seanad Éireann ayns Divlyn. Bee resoonaghtyn ard-whaiylagh currit magh ayns Yernish as ayns Baarle.

## [[Gaelg Albinagh]]

* Tele-G: bollagh paart-emshiragh ta scaalheaney eddyr ny h-ooryn 18:00 as 19:00 er Freeview. Ta claaryn Tele-G çheet veih Scottish TV, BBC Scotland as TG4.

* BBC Alba: currit er aer er 9 Mean Fouyir 2008, ta'n bollagh ry-gheddyn er feie'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit er Sky, Freesat as bee eh ry-gheddyn er Virgin Media chammah. Erskyn shen, currit da'n BBC Trust, bee yn bollagh currit lesh Freeview ayns Nalbin ny yei yn chaghlaa dys çhellveeish vun-earrooagh. Ta BBC Alba cur magh sorçhyn ennagh claaryn as ad cur shirveish da lught ny Gaelgey. Ta ny claaryn goaill stiagh claaryn lheid as dramey, spoyrt, as naight laaoil 'sy chlaar *An Là*.

## [[Bretnish]]

* S4C: bollagh ta scaalheaney ayns Bretin as eh ladoosagh ayns cleayn ny Bretneyderyn noa. Ta lught fakin aeg as breeoil ec y vollagh. Ta'n bollagh cur failt er argid veih Reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as soilsheenyn.

* S4C2: bollagh ta scaalheaney veih Parlamaid Vretin. Ta S4C2 neuvioyr son y chooid smoo.

## [[Britaanish]]
* TV Breizh: bollagh preevaadjagh ardjynagh 'sy Vritaan ta scaalheaney claaryn ayns Frangish son y chooid smoo agh ta claaryn ayns Britaanish ayn veih am gys am.

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Rolley ym-ysseraght ayns çhengaghyn Celtiagh
* Rolley ym-ysseraght ayns Yernish
* ÇhellVeeish
Corockle bleaystagh

She sheean corockle eh *stad*. T'eh jeant liorish scuirr stroo yn aer trooid oltyn yn ghoo. T'ad gra *bleaystagh* as *stad* dy maylartagh dy cadjin, agh cha nel y ghaa lane co-cheeayllagh rish y cheilley. Ta *bleaystagh* ny stad beeal as aase ennal goll magh scowanagh echey.

Shoh ny stadyn t'ayn:

## Lioaryn
* Ladefoged, Peter; & Maddieson, Ian (1996): *The sounds of the world´s languages*. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.

## Kianglaghyn
*
Corockle stronnagh

Ta **corockle stronnagh** (ny **stad stronnagh**) goll er jannoo tra ta'n chlea heese 'sy veeal, as myr shen ta aer goll magh ass yn troin.  Ta lhin y veeal foast gobbraghey myr shamyr aavuilley da'n çheean, agh cha nod aer goll magh ass y veeal er y fa dy vel y çhengey lhiettal da shen.  Ny keayrtyn, ta corocklyn elley goll er stronnaghey.

Ta stronnee cronnaneagh son y chooid smoo, agh ta stronnee neuchronnaneagh ry-chlastyn ec Bretnish as Eeslynnish.

* Stronnagh daa-veillagh cronnaneagh []
* Stronnagh daa-veillagh neuchronnaneagh []
* Stronnagh meill-eeacklagh cronnaneagh []
* Stronnagh meill-eeacklagh neuchronnaneagh []
* Stronnagh cooyl-eeacklagh cronnaneagh []
* Stronnagh cooyl-eeacklagh neuchronnaneagh []
* Stronnagh cooyl-chroymmit cronnaneagh []
* Stronnagh cooyl-chroymmit neuchronnaneagh []
* Stronnagh cleaoil cronnaneagh []
* Stronnagh cleaoil neuchronnaneagh []
* Stronnagh coghooysagh cronnaneagh []
* Stronnagh coghooysagh neuchronnaneagh []
* Stronnagh scoarnagh cronnaneagh []
* Stronnagh scoarnagh neuchronnaneagh []
Corockle screebagh

She corockle eh **screebagh**, as eshyn goll er fockley magh liorish aer y chur trooid feddan keyl jeant lesh oltyn y ghoo.  

Shoh screebee yn Abbyrlhit Sheeanagh Eddyr-ashoonagh:
* [] Screebagh daa-veillagh neuchronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh daa-veillagh cronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh meill-eeacklagh neuchronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh meill-eeacklagh cronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh feeacklagh neuchronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh feeacklagh cronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh cooyl-eeacklagh neuchronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh cooyl-eeacklagh cronnaneagh 
* [] Screebagh cooyl-eeacklagh lhiattagh neuchronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh cooyl-eeacklagh lhiattagh cronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh lurg-chooyleeacklagh neuchronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh lurg-chooyleeacklagh cronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh cooyl-chroymmit neuchronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh cooyl-chroymmit cronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh cleaoil neuchronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh cleaoil cronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh coghooysagh neuchronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh coghooysagh cronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh scoarnagh neuchronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh scoarnagh cronnaneagh 
* [] Screebagh farangagh neuchronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh farangagh cronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh sluggidagh neuchronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh sluggidagh cronnaneagh 
* [] Screebagh cooyl-eeacklagh tilgit
* [] Screebagh meill-choghooysagh neuchronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh cleaoil-chooyleeacklagh neuchronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh cleaoil-chooyleeacklagh cronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh far-ghlottyssagh neuchronnaneagh
* [] Screebagh far-ghlottyssagh cronnaneagh
Corockle affricaid

She corockle eh **affricaid**. T'eh goaill toshiaght ny stad (stad cooyl-eeacklagh son y chooid smoo, myr  ny ), agh ta jerrey screebagh echey.

Ta cowraghyn ny haffricaidyn s'cadjiney ry-gheddyn ayns Unicode: /ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ ʨ ʥ/.  Affricaidyn elley, son y chooid smoo t'adsyn screeut liorish y daa chowrey.  Ta'n Abbyrlhit Sheeanagh Eddyr-ashoonagh coyrlaghey kiangley eddyr oc y chur,  m.s.[p͡f], [k͡x]), son dy haishbyney nagh vel daa heean t'ayn agh affricaid.

## Lioaryn

* Hoijer, Harry; & Opler, Morris E. (1938). *Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache texts*. The University of Chicago publications in anthropology; Linguistic series. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
* Howell, Peter & Rosen, Stuart. (1983). Production and perception of rise time in the voiceless affricate/fricative distinction. *The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America*, *73* (3), 976–984.
* Johnson, Keith. (2003). *Acoustic & auditory phonetics* (2nd ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
* Maddieson, Ian. (1984). *Patterns of sounds*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-26536-3
* McDonough, Joyce & Ladefoged, Peter. (1993). Navajo stops. *UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics*, *84*, 151-164.
* Mitani, Shigeki; Kitama, Toshihiro; & Sato, Yu. (2006). Voiceless affricate/fricative distinction by frication duration and amplitude rise slope. *The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America*, *120* (3}, 1600-1607.
Abbyrlhit Sheeanagh Eddyrashoonagh

She abbyrlhit as corys screeuee eh yn **Abbyrlhit Sheeanagh Eddyr-ashoonagh**.  Ta'n abbyrlhit shoh kiarit da taishbyney sheeanyn ghlare.  Ta cowraghyn yn abbyrlhit jeant jeh lettyryn Romanagh son y chooid smoo.  

Ta ymmyd jeant jeh ayns çhengoaylleeaght (sheeanaghtys as sheeanchoryssaghtys er lheh), ynsaghey çhengaghyn, therapey glare, as liorish cloiederyn, arraneyderyn as çhyndaaderyn.

## Breeocklyn yn ASE

## Corocklyn yn ASE

## Fontyn as ASE oc
* Charis SIL
* DejaVu fonts ec Sourceforge.net: lane chooney Unicode IPA. Sourceforge.net
* Doulos SIL, rere Times/Times New Roman.  Ny cowraghyn cheddin as Charis SIL.
* Gentium.
* TIPA, er son screeu sheeanagh ASE ayns LaTeX.
Corockle faggyssaght

She sheean ghlare ee **faggyssaght**, as foddee oo gra dy vel eh eddyr corockle as breeockle, agh t'eh currit marish ny corocklyn.  Son fockley magh y faggyssaght, ta oltyn y ghoo keyllaghey cassan y ghoo, lesh lhiggey reamys dy liooar da'n aer dy gholl magh gyn monney freayn.  Myr shen, ta faggyssaghtyn ny smoo foslit na corocklyn screebagh. Ta'n rang shoh goaill stiagh lhiattee myr [], m.s. ayns *laue*, as faggyssaghtyn myr [] as [] ayns *waggys* as *yiarn*, as adsyn gollrish breeocklyn.

## Faggyssaght veanagh

*faggyssaght daa-veillagh  ( corocklagh; screeut myr  dy cadjin)
*faggyssaght veill-eeacklagh 
*faggyssaght feeacklagh  (screeut myr  dy cadjin)
*faggyssaght chooyl-eeacklagh 
*faggyssaght chooyl-chroymmit  ( corocklagh)
*faggyssaght chleaoil  ( corocklagh)
*faggyssaght choghooysagh  ( corocklagh)
*faggyssaght scoarnagh  (screeut myr  dy cadjin)
*faggyssaght farangagh  ( corocklagh; screeut myr  dy cadjin)
*faggyssaght far-ghlottyssagh  (screeut myr  dy cadjin)

## Faggyssaghtyn lhiattagh
Ec faggyssaghtyn lhiattagh, ta mean ny çhengey bentyn rish y charbad.  Ny yei, cha nel çheu ny çhengey bentyn da ny feeacklyn, as shen y red scanshoil.

*faggyssaght lhiattagh chooyl-eeacklagh chronnaneagh 
*faggyssaght lhiattagh chooyl-eeacklagh neuchronnaneagh 
*faggyssaght lhiattagh chooyl-chroymmit 
*faggyssaght lhiattagh chleaoil 
*faggyssaght lhiattagh scoarnagh 

## Faggyssaghtyn co-focklagh as cowrey ASE er lheh oc

*faggyssaght veill-scoarnagh cronnaneagh  ( corocklagh)
*faggyssaght veill-scoarnagh neuchronnaneagh  
*faggyssaght veill-chleaoil  ( corocklagh)
*faggyssaght lhiattagh chooyl-eeacklagh scoarnagh
Cassan y ghoo

She shamyr ec beiyn as deiney eh **cassan y ghoo**, as eh ny rheynn jeh oltyn y ghoo.  Sheeanyn jeant ec bun sheean (yn aahjioogh ec sheintee; y syrincs ec ein), t'ad goll er sheelaghey ayns cassan y ghoo.

Ec ein, ta cassan y ghoo jeant jeh'n readan, syrincs, shamyr veill, kione yn oesophagus, as gob.  Ec sheeintee, t'eh jeant jeh'n çhamyr aahjiooghagh, farang, shamyr veill as shamyr 'troanney.
Corockle lhiattagh

She corockle eh **lhiattagh**, as ta'n çhengey cur lhiettrimys er y troo aer harrish; myr shen, ta aer ny scowanyn goll shaghey çheuyn ny çhengey. Ny smoo cadjin, ta baare ny çhengey bentyn da ny feeacklyn syrjey, ny da'n charbad kiart lurg ny feeacklyn (y dreeym cooyl-eeacklagh). Ny lhiattee s'cadjiney, t'adsyn nyn vaggyssaghtyn ayns possan ny fliughidyn.

## Lhiattee
### Faggyssaghtyn
* corockle faggyssaght lhiattagh chooyl-eeacklagh 
* corockle faggyssaght lhiattagh chooyl-eeacklagh choghooysagh 
* corockle faggyssaght lhiattagh chooyl-chroymmit 
* corockle faggyssaght lhiattagh chleaoil 
* corockle faggyssaght lhiattagh choghooysagh 

### Screebee
* corockle screebagh lhiattagh cooyl-eeacklagh neuchronnaneagh 
* corockle screebagh lhiattagh cooyl-eeacklagh cronnaneagh 
* corockle screebagh lhiattagh cooyl-chroymmit neuchronnaneagh  (ny []) 
* corockle screebagh lhiattagh chleaoil neuchronnaneagh  (ny [])
* corockle screebagh lhiattagh coghooysagh neuchronnaneagh  (ny [])

### Affricaid
* corockle ricaid lhiattagh cooyl-eeacklagh neuchronnaneagh 
* corockle ricaid lhiattagh cooyl-eeacklagh tilgit 
* corockle ricaid lhiattagh cooyl-eeacklagh cronnaneagh 
* corockle ricaid lhiattagh chleaoil neuchronnaneagh   (ny [c])
* corockle ricaid lhiattagh chleaoil tilgit  (ny [cʼ])
* corockle ricaid lhiattagh coghooysagh tilgit  (ny [kʼ])

### Crankyn
* corockle crank lhiattagh cooyl-eeacklagh 
* corockle crank lhiattagh cooyl-chroymmit  (ny [])
* corockle crank lhiattagh cleaoil 
* corockle crank lhiattagh coghooysagh 

### Criggaree
* corockle criggaragh lhiattagh feeacklagh , , , *a.r.e.*
* corockle criggaragh lhiattagh cooyl-eeacklagh , , , *a.r.e.*
* corockle criggaragh lhiattagh cleaoil  , , *a.r.e.*
BBC Alba (bollagh çhellveeish)

Ta **BBC Alba** ny vollagh çhellveeish bun-earrooagh ayns Nalbin. Ta'n bollagh, ta scaalheanit liorish y BBC er feie yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit er çhellooish 'ar-rollageagh, ny chied vollagh lane-emshiragh ayns Gaelg ny h-Albey. Va'n bollagh currit er aer ec 21:00 er yn Eney 19 Mean Fouyir 2008.

## Jeeagh er neesht
*MG Alba
*Bòrd na Gàidhlig
*Rolley bollee çhellveeish ayns çhengaghyn Celtiagh
*S4C - bollagh çhellveeish ny Bretnish
*TG4 - bollagh çhellveeish ny Yernish
*TV Breizh - bollagh çhellveeish ny Britaanish

## Kianglaghyn mooie
*Ynnyd-eggey oikoil BBC Alba
Corockle crank

She sheean corockle eh **crank**, as son jannoo eh, ta ny muskylyn girraghey un cheayrt son dy woaylley daa fockleyderyn ry-cheilley.
Ga dy vel ad casley rish bleasystee, cha nel çhionnid aer çhaglym lurg y boayl fockley magh, as myr shen cha nel skeaylley aer erbee. T'ad casley rish craa chammah, agh ec craa, ta stroo yn aer cur craa er y fockleyder as beagh ad cur ry-cheilley ymmodee keayrt, foddee. Ec crank, cha nel agh un coventyn.
TV Breizh

Ta **TV Breizh** (Britaanish son Çhellveeish y Vritaan) ny vollagh ardjynagh preevaadjagh da'n Vritaan.

## Shennaghys

Va'n bollagh currit er bun er 1 Mean Fouyir 2000 liorish TF1 as Patrick Le Lay son scaalheaney claareeyn ardjynagh as aachloie claareeyn TF1.

Ren TV Breizh eiyrtys kiedoonys scaalheanee analog y gheddyn agh va'n eiyrtys jiooldit liorish y CSA (Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel - Ard-choonseil Chleaysh-fakinagh). Ayns 2004, ren y bollagh eiyrtys kiedoonys y gheddyn er Télévision Numérique Terrestre agh va'n bollagh jiooldit da'n nah cheayrt.

## Claareeyn
Ta TV Breizh çhiughey er claareeyn ynnydagh (naight as claareeyn ayns Britaanish) as t'eh cur magh aachloiaghyn claareeyn lesh TF1 lheid as *[[Murder, She Wrote]]*, *[[Columbo]]* as filmyn. T'eh shen ny yei bollagh ashoonagh eunysseyragh ass, as nish cha nel eh ny vollagh feer-ynnydagh.

## Jeeagh er neesht
*Rolley bollee hellveeish ayns ny çhengaghyn Celtiagh
*BBC Alba – bollagh çhellveeish ayns Gaelg Albinagh
*TG4 – bollagh çhellveeish ayns Yernish
*S4C – bollagh çhellveeish ayns Bretnish
*EITB – bollagh çhellveeish ayns Bascish
Corockle craa

She corockle eh **craa** ta goll er fockley magh trooid craa eddyr y fockleyder as y boayl fockley magh. Cha nee y red cheddin as crank t'ayn. Ta crank jannoo gleashaght er lheh son dy woalley ad ry-cheilley un cheayrt; ec craa, ta'n fockleyder craa fo stroo yn aer goll shaghey, as bwoalley er y voayl fockley magh daa, traa ny ny smoo keayrtyn. 

Shoh corocklyn yn Abbyrlhit Sheeanagh Eddyr-ashoonagh:
*  - craa cooyl-eeacklagh
*  - craa daa-veillagh
*  - craa coghooysagh
Latvish

Ta'n **Latvish** (*latviešu valoda*) ny çhengey steat oikoil ny Latvey. Ta mygeayrt 1.5 millioonyn dy loayreyderyn dooghyssagh 'sy Latvey as 150,000 loayreyderyn ass y çheer. Ta ram loayreyderyn neu-ghooghyssagh ny çhengey ayn. Ta'n çhengey nane jeh ny çhengaghyn Baltagh as mooinjerys eddyr ee as y Litaanish.
Litaanish

Ta'n **Litaanish** (*lietuvių kalba*) ny çhengey steat oikoil ny Litaan as t'ee enmyssit myr nane jeh çhengaghyn oikoil yn Unnaneys Oarpagh. Ta mygeayrt 2.96 millioonyn dy loayreyderyn dooghyssagh 'sy Litaan as mygeayrt 170,000 loayreyderyn ass y çheer. Ta'n Litaanish nane jeh ny çhengaghyn Baltagh as ta mooinjerys eddyr ee as y Latvish.
Soolynnish

Ta'n **Toolynnish** (*svenska*) ny çhengey Ghermaanagh Hwoaie ta loayrit ec ny smoo na 10 millioon dooinney 'sy Toolynn as ayns Finnlynn son y chooid smoo, dy neuchadjin er y choose as er ny h-ellanyn Åland. Ta mooinjerys faggyssagh eddyr ee as Norlynnish, as Danvargish da feaynys ny s'leah. Myrane lesh ny çhengaghyn Germaanagh Hwoaie elley, ta'n Toolynnish ny sluightagh jeh'n Çhenn-Loghlynish, çhengey chadjin ny Germaanee as adsyn nyn gummal ayns Loghlin car Eash ny Loghlynee.
Shenn Yernish

She çhengey Cheltiagh va'n **Çhenn Yernish** ny yn **Çhenn Ghaelg** (Shenn Yernish: , Ogham: ᚌᚑᚔᚇᚓᚂᚉ; ; ).  Hie ee er loayrt ayns Nerin, Nalbin as Mannin traa dy row.  V'ee ny shennvoir Yernish Veanagh as dy chooilley hengey Ghaelgagh t'ayn nish.

## Grammeydys ny Shenn Yernish

Va keintys, earroo as case ec grammeydys ny Shenn Yernish.  Cha row art neuhoilshaghey erbee eck, agh va art soilshaghey eck, myr y Ghaelg.

### Troggal y raa

Va oardagh neuchowrit *[[Breear-Kione-Cass]]* (ny *BKC*) ec Shenn Yernish, gollrish çhengaghyn Celtiagh Ellanagh elley.  She oardagh neuchadjin ayns çhengaghyn Ind-Oarpagh v'ayn: dy chooilley çhengey Ind-Oarpagh elley, ta oardagh neuchowrit KCB ny KBC oc.  She çhengey reiltagh ayns y chied cheayrt v'ayn, myr dagh çhengey Cheltiagh: myr shen, ta'n *[[Reiltagh (çhengoaylleeaght)|reiltagh]]* (fockle smoo scanshoil y raa) ec toshiaght y raa, as reddyn elley ny lurg.  Myr sampleyr, va ennymocklyn çheet lurg roie-ocklyn, as marenmyn as cummaghyn gienneydagh çheet lurg yn ennymockle v'ad bentyn rish.  Myr sampleyr, *Ériu álainn* ("Erin aalin").  She çhengey cowraghey reiltee v'ayn chammah.  

### Rangyn Grammeydagh

#### Ennymocklyn as marenmyn

##### Keintys
Gollrish Ladjyn, Germaanish ny Rooshish, va ny tree keintyssyn Ind-Oarpish ec Shenn Yernish foast: bwoirrinagh, firrynagh as naeear.  Ren naeear shirgaghey ayns eash Vean Yernish; haink y chooid smoo jeh ny focklyn naeear dy ve firrynagh.

Ta keintys firrynagh ec cretooryn firrynagh undinagh as keintys bwoirrinagh ec cretooryn bwoirrinagh undinagh.  

##### Earroo
Va Shenn Yernish freayll ny rangyn earrooagh Ind-Oarpish son jee-chleaney ennymocklyn: unnaneagh, daagh as yl-rey.  Cha row cummey daagh faagit ec breearyn, marenmyn ny far-enmyn.
* Va unnaneagh currit da un red ny pheiagh, as da eieyn neuloaghtagh
* Va daagh currit da reddyn as jees jeu, my row ad nyn nyees dy najooragh (*di ṡúil*,  "daa hooill") ny dy taghyrtagh (*di mnaí*, "daa ven").  Ta ymmyd jeant jeh dy kinjagh marish ny earrooyn *da<sup>B</sup>*, *dá<sup>B</sup>* (firrynagh), *da<sup>S</sup>*, *da<sup>S</sup>* (naeear), as *di<sup>E</sup>*, *dí<sup>E</sup>* (bwoirrinagh): t'ad corrym rish *daa* 'sy Ghaelg Vanninagh.
* Va yl-rey currit da ny smoo da daa red (*súili*, "soillyn")

##### Case
Va queig caseyn faagit ec Shenn Yernish, jeh hoght v'ec Ind-Oarpish as Celtish.  T'adsyn *ennymagh*, *gienneydagh*, *roie-ocklagh*, *cassidagh* as *gerrymagh*.  Fer erbee jeh, v'eh ry-akin ayns ny tree cummaghyn earrooagh.  Shoh taabyl cummaghyn *céara*, ("keyrrey"):

## Imraaghyn

### Enmys

### Lioaryn
* 
* 
* 
*  
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Kianglaghyn mooie
* eDIL - Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language ("Fockleyr Lectraneagh y Yernish")
Reiltagh (çhengoaylleeaght)

Ayns çhengoaylleeaght, ta  raa ennagh y fockle vees soiaghey sorçh co-ordrailagh y raa, ny y  vees soiaghey ronney co-ordrailagh y fockle t'eh ayn.  Ta olteyn elley () y raa ceaghley y reiltagh.

Myr sampleyr, ayns *moddey mooar doo*, she *moddey* reiltagh y raa, as eshyn soiaghey dy nee abbyrt ennymocklagh t'ayn.  Ta ny marenmyn *mooar* as *doo* caghlaa yn ennym reiltagh shoh.  Dy ghra myr shen, y raa *moddey mooar doo*, she ennymockle t'ayn ec y vun, cha nee marennym myr *mooar* ny *doo*.  Ayns yn aght cheddin, ayns yn ennymockle covestit *lioar-hasht*, she'n bun *tasht*  reiltagh y raa, as *lioar* caghlaa y keeall echey.  Dy ghra myr shen, ta *lioar-hasht* cowraghey sorçh dy hasht, cha nel sorçh dy lioar (veagh *tasht-lioar* red lane anchasley rish *lioar-hasht*).  Ayns kuse dy hengaghyn, myr sampleyr Baarle, foddee oo cur enney er reiltagh focklyn covestit er coontey yn oardagh oc; ayns y Ghaelg ta'n ghaa oardagh ry-akin.  Myr sampleyr, *lioar-hasht* (tasht jeh lioaryn), agh *tasht-fockle* (tasht jeh focklyn).

Kiare troyn scanshoil y reiltagh:
# ta keeall y raa ec y reiltagh, as eshyn soiaghey keim y clane raa: 
##ta *blaaghyn feer vooarey* 'mychione' blaaghyn; myr shen, she abbyrt ennymocklagh t'ayn
##ta reiltagh marennymagh ec *feer vane*; myr shen, she raa marennymocklagh t'ayn
# foddee oo cur y reiltagh ayns ynnyd y clane raa, agh cha nod oo cur fockle erbee elley jeh'n raa ayns ynnyd jeh as freayll y keeall cheddin ec y raa.
## foddee shin gra *by vie lesh Gorree *'blaaghyn feer vooarey*** ny ''by vie lesh Gorree '''blaaghyn***
###cha nod oo gra **by vie lesh Gorree *'feer***
##foddee shin gra ''goll '''stiagh 'sy sthie*** ny *goll *'stiagh***
# dy cadjin, ta'n reiltagh yn un nhee eginagh 'sy raa.  Ny keayrtyn, myr sampleyr ec breearyn [[breear aistragh|aistragh]], cha nod oo faagail magh biallee er lheh noadyr.  T'ad reih ''biallagh eginagh''.
## cha nod oo gra *''ta mee cummal '''ayns***, agh t'eh ort gra *ta mee cummal *'ayns Doolish**'', ga dy nee raa roie-ocklagh t'ayn as **ayns''' reiltagh y raa.
# myr shen, kiarroo tro reiltee, shen dy nod ad reih biallagh eginagh

=Imraaghyn=
Çheer-oaylleeaght

She studeyrys er y teihll as ny çheeraghyn, troghyn, cummaltee as obbraghyn eck ee **çheer-oaylleeaght**.
 
## Giare-choontey
 
Ta daa vanglane mooar ec çheer-oaylleeaght: çheer-oaylleeaght deiney as çheer-oaylleeaght fishigagh.  Cha nel ee y red cheddin as kaartgraafeeaght.  Ga dy row fys er kaartgraafeeaght ec çheeroayllee dy cadjin, cha nee shen yn ard-obbyr oc.  Ta çheeroayllee jannoo studeyrys er obbraghyn, phenomena as troghyn y teihll, chammah's eddyr-obbraghey deiney as y çhymbyllaght najooragh. T'eh bentyn rish cooishyn myr slaynt, speyr, lossreeyn, beiyn, eggoaylleeaght as fishag; myr shen, she oaylleeaght eddyr-vagheragh t'ayn.

 
T'ad eddyrscarrey çheer-oaylleeaght ayns daa vagher: çheer-oaylleeaght deiney as çheer-oaylleeaght nheeoil.  Ta çheer-oaylleeaght deiney cur tastey da'n çhymbyllaght laue-jeant: ny haghtyn ta deiney croo, toiggal as reaghey reamys, chammah's eiyrtys deiney er y çhymbyllaght.  Ta çheer-oaylleeaght nheeoil scrutaghey y çhymbyllaght najooragh, as ny haghtyn ta lossreeyn, bea, thalloo, ushtey as mooar-rheynnyn eddyr-obbraghey as goll er croo..
 
## Imraaghyn
Oaylleeaght heshoil

Ta **oaylleeaght heshoil** ny possan dy vagheryn ard-scoillaragh bentyn rish ymmyrkey sheshoil as cultooragh deiney. Ta ny h-oaylleeaghtyn sheshoil goaill stiagh antrapoaylleeaght heshoil, oaylleeaght pholitickagh, sheshoaylleeaght, as tarmaynys. Dy mennick, t'ad cur roosyn çheer-oaylleeaght deiney as edjaghys.  

## Imraaghyn
Dowan-oaylleeaght

Ta **dowan-oaylleeaght** çheet er magheryn oaylleeagh bentyn rish y theihll. Ta kiare magher mooar eck: çheer-oaylleeaght, creg-oaylleeaght, geodeseeaght as fishig y theihill. 

Ta magheryn elley goaill stiagh:
* thalloo-oaylleeaght
* aeraght-oaylleeaght
* ushtey-oaylleeaght
* mooir-oaylleeaght
* meainoayllys
* studeyrys shenn lossreeyn

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* ''Earth Science Picture of the Day'', shirveish lesh Universities Space Research Association, er ny raanteeney lesh NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
* Geology Buzz: Earth Science
Biallagh

Ayns co-ordrail, ta  raa ennagh nyn vocklyn ta caghlaa keeall y .  Myr sampleyr, ayns y raa *dooinney mooar*, ta *dooinney* ny reiltagh as *mooar* ny viallagh.

Ny biallee t'ayn, t'ad er nyn reih liorish reiltagh y raa.  Cha nod oo cur dagh sorçh dy viallagh marish dagh reiltagh.  Myr sampleyr, foddee marennym ve ny viallagh da ennymockle, agh cha nod rovreear ny marennym:

(1)

Shoh sampleyr elley jeh'n çhengey Austraineeshagh Kambera.  Ta sampleyr (2) taishbyney dy nod rovreear *lalu* ("ro") caghlaa breear (2a), agh cha nod breear (2b).

 
(2)

=Imraaghyn=
Prokaryote

She possan dy bioagyn **prokaryoteyn**, as adsyn gyn çheshvean ny mynoltyn far-chrackanagh elley.  Myr shen t'ad anchasley rish ny eukaryota as çheshvean ocsyn.  Ta'n chooid smoo jeu lane un-chillagagh, agh beggan beg dy phrokaryota, ta eashyn yl-chillagagh ayns nyn mea.  

## Shennaghys y phossan

Ta bun Greagish ec yn ennym: *πρό- (pro-)* "roish" + *καρυόν  (karyon)* "rassey" ny "cro", as shen çheet er y çheshvean, + *ώτης (-ōtēs)* (yl-rey*-ώτες (-ōtes)*).

Derrey 1990, t'ad eddyrscarrey ny prokaryoteyn ayns daa rheynn: bacteyryn as archaea.

## Mooinjerys rish eukaryota

Ta anchaslys eddyr prokaryoteyn as eukaryota, er y fa dy vel GDN eukaryoteyn ayns "feer" çheshvean, agh cha nel far-chrackan mygeayrt GDN prokaryotagh.  Ayns 1977, ren Carl Woese cur roish eddyrscarrey prokaryoteyn ayns Bacteria as Archaea (Eubacteria as Archaebacteria rere'n eie echeysyn) er coontey anchaslyssyn mooarey eddyr y ghaa.  Ta'n corys rang-oardragh shoh, reaghey cretooryn myr Eukaryota, Bacteria as Archaea, shen y corys tree reamyn.

Ta troggal chillag prokaryotagh feer anchasley rish killagyn eukaryotagh.  Y tro breeoil, shen beays ny hassaaraght çheshvean.  Ta GDN prokaryotagh goll er tashtey ayns doss GDN/proteen, y far-heshvean, as eshyn gyn far-chrackan.  Chammah's shen, cha nel agh un kiarkyl dy GDN "kroymasoomagh" ayns far-heshvean prokayoteyn.  Ta GDN elley ry-gheddyn çheumooie jeh'n far-heshvean, er plasmaidyn, as ymmodee gienyn prokaryotagh scanshoil ayndauesyn.  Ta GDN eukaryotagh er  kroymasooymyn.

Cha nel rheynnyn far-chrackanagh, myr mitochondria ny chloroplastyn, ec prokaryoteyn, noadyr.  Ayns ynnyd jeh shen, t'ad jannoo obbraghyn myr co-haaghey sollys tessen y far-chrackan killag.Ny yei shen, ta kuse dy hroggalyn sthie ec prokaryoteyn, myr sampleyr, ushylagh killag.

Ta far-chrackan mygeayrt far-heshvean ny Planctomycetes, as ta rheynnyn far-chrackanagh elley oc . 

## Imraaghyn
Fyshoaylleeaght

She studeyrys er obbraghyn corpagh, bea-chemmigagh as fishigagh organeyn bioag **fyshoaylleeaght**. Ny keayrtyn, t'ad eddyrscarrey fyshoaylleeaght lossreeyn as beiyn, agh ta'n bun cheddin ec fyshoaylleeaght erbee, gys scansh da'n organe bioag ta bun y studeyrys. Myr sampleyr, fys er ny ynsaghey jeh killagyn jiastyn, foddee dy vel eh bentyn rish killagyn deiney chammah.
Ta bun Greagish er y fockle: , *physis*, "bun, dooghys"; + , *-logia*, "oaylleeaght".
Baagh-oaylleeaght

She studeyrys bea-oaylleeagh er beiyn **baagh-oaylleeaght**. Ta'n ennym ass y Greagish *zoologia*: ζῷον, *zoon*, "baagh" + λογία, *-logia*, "oaylleeaght".

S'feer shenn eh studeyrys er beiyn; agh cha row "baagh-oaylleeaght" ayn derrey'n 19oo eash. Roish shen, v'ad cliaghtey cur *[[tushtey najooragh]]* urree, as she ceau-traa deiney ooasle v'ayn. Haink eh y ve obbyr oaylleeagh rish y 19oo eash.
Çheshvean killag

Ayns bea-oaylleeaght killagyn, she mynolt far-chrackanagh eh **çheshvean**, as eshyn ry-akin ayns faggys dagh killag eukaryotagh. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh stoo gien-oaylleeagh y chillag aynsyn, as y stoo er ny reaghey myr co-vreneenyn liauyrey linnagh jeh GDN as proteenyn, myr sampleyr, histoneyn. Ta ny co-vreneenyn shoh troggal kroymasoomyn. She obbyr y heshvean eh ny kroymasoomyn y reayll, as dy reaghey obbraghyn y chillag liorish reaghey ymmyd ny gienntagyn.

Ta coodagh çheshveanagh myrgeayrt y çheshvean, jeant jeh daa far-chrackan, as shen eddyrscarrey cooid y heshvean jeh'n phlasmey killag. Ta lamina çheshveanagh niartaghey y çheshvean, gollrish yn ushylagh killag da'n chillag hene. Cha nod y chooid smoo jeh co-vreneenyn çheet trooid y choodagh; myr shen, ta doralyn çheshveanagh reaghey arraghey cho-vreneenyn tessen y daa far-chrackan.

Ga nagh vel fo-rheynnyn far-chrackanagh erbee ayns y çheshvean, ta ardjyn as obbyr er lheh oc. Y fer share er enney, shen y myn-heshvean; t'eh eshyn jannoo ribbosoomyn.
Çheshvean

Foddee **çheshvean** çheet er:

* çheshvean killag, ayns bea-oaylleeaght, as GDN y chillag cummal aynsyn
* çheshvean trimmid bentyn rish ym-hayrn ayns fishig
* çheshvean rio ayns emshyraght
* çheshvean breneenagh ayns kemmig ny fishig
* çheshvean comaid ayns rollageydys
Mitochondrion

Ayns bea-oaylleeaght killagyn, she mynolt far-chrackanagh eh **mitochondrion**, as eshyn ry-akin ayns faggys dy chooilley killag eukaryotagh.  Ta bun Greagish er y fockle: *μίτος * ny *mitos*, snaue + *χονδρίον* ny *khondrion*, grineen. 

Ta mooadys eddyr 1 as 10&nbsp; (μm) oc. Ta mitochondria giennaghtyn y chooid smoo jeh adenosine triphosphate (ATP) y chillag, as ta killagyn jannoo ymmyd jeh myr bun bree kemmigagh.  Chammah's giennaghtyn bree, ta laue mitochondria ayns obbraghyn elley, goaill stiagh cowraghey, rheynn killag, apoptosis, as stiurey aase y chillag.  Ta shiartanse dy çhingyssyn deiney bentyn rish mitochondria goaill stiagh meeobbraghey y chree. 

Cha nel agh un vitochondrion ec kuse dy chillagyn; ta thousaneyn ec fir elley.  Ga dy vel y chooid smoo jeh GDN y chillag ayns y çheshvean, ta GDN nyn hene ec mitochondria.  Chammah's shen, ta'n GDN shoh feer chasley rish adsyn t'ec bacteyryn.

= Imraaghyn =
Ribbosoom

She troggal jeh GRN as proteen eh **ribbosoom**, as adsyn ry-akin ayns dagh ooilley chillag. Shimmey anchaslys t'ayn eddyr ribbosoomyn cillagyn bacteyragh, archaeagh as eukaryotagh, as ta ribbosoomyn ayns *[[mitochondrion|mitochonria]]* casley rish adsyn ayns bacteyryn, bentyn rish aafilley ny mynolt shoh, foddee.

Ta bun yn 'ockle *ribo-*, jeh'n çhugyr *[[ribose]]*, as Greagish *σωμα*, *soma*, "corp".

Ta ribbosoomyn gobbraghey er ymmyd y choad gien-oaylleeagh, jeh geayr çheshveanagh dys proteen, as ad cur *[[çhyndaays (gien-oaylleeaght)|çhyndaays]]* er shen.  T'ad jannoo catalysys da geayryn amino unnaneagh son dy hroggal driaght yl-pheptide; son shen y yannoo, t'ad kiangley rish GRN çhaghter, as jannoo ymmyd jeh myr clowan dy chur ry-cheilley y straih kiart dy gheayryn amino.

## Imraaghyn
Ushylagh killag

She scammalt killagagh eh yn **ushylagh killag**, ny hoie sthie y phlasmey killag.  Ta ushylagh killag ry-akin ayns dy chooilley killaghyn; v'ad cliaghtey credjal nagh row eh agh eukaryotagh, agh ta nane ec prokaryota chammah.  Ta'n scammalt shoh freayll cummey y chillag, coadey y killag, as cur pooar da gleashaght y chillag (liorish flagella, cilia as lheid y troggal).  Ta currym echey bentyn rish gleashaght vynoltyn as rheynn killagyn, myrgeddin.

Hug Paul Wintrebert yn eie er oaie ayns 1931.  She mwane-oaylleeagh Frangagh v'ayn.

Ta tree sorçhyn dy snaieyn jannoo magh yn ushylagh killag:
* mynsnaieyn
* meansnaieyn
* mynphiobanyn

## Imraaghyn
Plasmey killag

She rheynn jeh killag eh **plasmey killag**, as far-chrackan killag mygeayrt echey. Ta mynoltyn ayns plasmey killag chillagyn eukaryotagh, as far-chrackanyn rheynn y plasmey ayndaue veih'n phlasmey elley. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh obbraghyn killag taghyrt ayns y phlasmey killag.

Y plasmey killag nagh vel ayns mynoltyn, t'ad cur cytosol er. She mestey jeh snaieyn ushylagh killag, co-vreneenyn lheieit as ushtey t'ayn. Ta rheynn mooar jeh'n chillag lane dy chytosol. 

## Co-oltyn

Ta tree co-oltyn mooarey ec plasmey killag: cytosol, mynoltyn as goaillyn stiagh.

### Cytosol

Y cytosol, shen y rheynn jeh'n chillag nagh vel stiagh mynolt far-chrackanagh. She fliughid trooid-hoilshagh t'ayn, as co-oltyn elley y phlasmey killag aynjee. Ta cytosol jannoo magh mysh 70% jeh'n chillag, as t'ee jeant jeh ushtey, sollanyn as co-vreneenyn orgaanagh. Ta snaieyn proteenagh yn ushylagh killag aynjee, chammah's proteenyn lheieagh, as troggalyn mooar, myr ribbosoomyn. 

### Mynoltyn

She rheynn far-chrackanagh ayns y chillag eh mynolt, as eshyn currit da obbyraghyn er lheh.  Mynoltyn mooarey y chytosol, t'ad goaill stiagh mitochondria, moggyl endoplasmagh, y farrys Golgi, leesosoomyn, as chloroplastyn.

### Goaillyn stiagh

Goaillyn stiagh, t'ad nyn mreneenyn beggey dy stoo neulheieagh ta croghey ayns y chytosol.  Foddee ymmodee reddyn ve nyn ngoaillyn stiagh: kelkium ocsaleit ny shillagon daa-osseed ayns killagyn lossreeyn, grineenyn dy stoo tashtey-bree myr stark glycogen, ny polyhydrocsybutyrate. Ta bineenyn dy lipaidyn as proteen feer chadjin; ta prokaryota as eukaryota tashtey lipaidyn (myr sampleyr, geayr sahllagh ny sterol) ayns yn aght shen.  Ta bineenyn lipaid jannoo magh chooid mooar dy adipocyteyn, agh t'ad ry-akin ayns ymmodee killagyn elley myrgeddin.

## Imraaghyn
Baile Átha Troim

Ta **Baile Átha Troim** (, Yernish son "Balley Aah Tramman") ny valley coontae tradishoonagh er Coontae yn Vee, Pobblaght Nerin, agh ta'n Ooive ny balley coontae nish. Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2011 va 9,204 cummaltee 'sy valley.

## Balley lannoonagh

## Imraaghyn
Farrys Golgi

She mynolt eh y **farrys Golgi**, as eshyn ry-akin ayns y chooid smoo jeh killagyn eukaryotagh. Hooar magh Camillo Golgi eh ayns 1898, as va'n ennym echey currit er.

Ard-obbyr y farrys Golgi, shen goaill co-vreneenyn jeant ec y chillag, myr proteenyn as lipaidyn, as cur ad ayns bundeilyn. Ta laue feer voaar echey ayns aarlaghey proteenyn da taaney.
Lheeahtrim

Ta **Lheeahtrim** (Yernish: *Liatroim*, Baarle: *Leitrim*) ny valley beg ayns Coontae Lheeahtrim, Pobblaght Nerin. Ta'n balley beg soit er y Çhannon er goal ny raaidyn ardjynagh R280 as R284 as t'eh kianglt rish An Éirne trooid Bollagh Ushtey ny Shannon-An Éirne. Ta'n balley beg ny ghrinney da'n bollagh shoh lesh keiy as caaghyn mie er bashtal da traght shiaulley. Ta'n balley beg jeant seose jeh thieyn dellal, steatyn-thie as thieyn arasaneyn. Haghyr lhiasaghey as bishaghey mooar ayn eddyr ny bleeantyn 2002 as 2007. T'eh soit queig minnidyn veih Cora Droma Rúisc as daa oor veih Divlyn.

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Rolley baljyn as baljyn beggey ayns Pobblaght Nerin

## Imraaghyn
Béal an Átha Móir

Ta **Béal an Átha Móir** (Yernish son *Beeal yn Aah Mooar*, Baarle: *Ballinamore*) ny valley beg ayns Coontae Lheeahtrim, Pobblaght Nerin, 21 km veih'n joarey lesh Nerin Hwoaie. T'eh soit er y raad ardjynagh R202, raad dy vel eh kianglt rish ny raaidyn R199 as R204.

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Rolley baljyn as baljyn beggey ayns Pobblaght Nerin

## Imraaghyn
Cora Droma Rúisc

Ta **Cora Droma Rúisc** (Baarle: *Carrick-on-Shannon*) ny valley ayns Coontae Lheeahtrim, Pobblaght Nerin er joarey rish Coontae Ros Comain. Va 3,163 cummaltee 'sy valley rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2006. T'eh ny valley smoo ayns Coontae Lheeahtrim.

## Shuyr-valley

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Rolley baljyn as baljyn beggey ayns Pobblaght Nerin

## Imraaghyn
Droim dhá Thiar

Ta **Droim dhá Thiar** (Baarle: *Dromahair*) ny valley beg daahoil ayns Coontae Lheeahtrim, Pobblaght Nerin. T'eh soit 10 km veih Cluainín as 17 km veih Shliggagh. T'eh ny lhie ayns sheear hwoaie y choontae er brooinyn ny h-awin, An Bhuannaid faggys da Loch Gile.

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Rolley baljyn as baljyn beggey ayns Pobblaght Nerin

## Imraaghyn
Kione Sailley

Ta **Kione Sailley** (Yernish: *Cionn tSáile*, Baarle: *Kinsale*) ny valley ayns Coontae Chorkee, Pobblaght Nerin. T'eh soit 25 km çheu yiass veih ard-valley Chorkee er y choose. Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2006 va 2,298 cummaltee 'sy valley hene as 1,801 cummaltee 'sy fo-valley.

## Imraaghyn

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Rolley baljyn as baljyn beggey ayns Pobblaght Nerin
Doon ny Ghoal

Ta **Doon ny Ghoal** (; , ) ny valley ayns Coontae Ghoon ny Ghoal, Pobblaght Nerin. Ga dy vel ennym y choontae er y valley, cha nel eh ny valley coontae. She Leffyr y balley coontae as she Littyr Kennain y balley smoo. Ta'n balley soit ec inver Vaie Ghoon ny Ghoal er Awin an Iascach fo scaa na Cruacha Gorma. Ta'n balley shagheydit liorish ny raaidyn N15 as N56.

Donegal Bay-10-2019-gje.jpg|
Donegal-Friary-22-2019-gje.jpg|
Donegal-Friary-06-2019-gje.jpg|
Donegal-Church of Ireland-02-2019-gje.jpg|

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Rolley baljyn as baljyn beggey ayns Pobblaght Nerin

## Imraaghyn
Inver Mooar

Ta **Inver Mooar** (Yernish: *An tInbhear Mór*, Baarle: *Arklow*) ny valley shendeeagh ayns Coontae Cheeill Mantan er coose hiar Nerin. Va'n balley bunnit 'sy nuyoo eash liorish ny Loghlynee, as v'eh ny voayl er nane jeh ny caggaghyn smoo fuilltagh ayns Irree magh ny bleeaney 1798. Nish, t'eh ny valley troailtagh lesh 11,759 cummaltee rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2006, as t'eh ny treeoo balley smoo 'sy choontae. Ta'n balley soit ec inver ny h-awin Abhóca.

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Rolley baljyn as baljyn beggey ayns Pobblaght Nerin

## Imraaghyn
Moggyl endoplasmagh

She mynolt eukaryotagh eh **moggyl endoplasmagh**. T'eh ny voggyl dy snaieyn, bolgagnyn as cisternae ayns killagyn. Ren Keith R. Porter, Albert Claude, as Ernest F. Fullam fakin ad son y chied cheayrt ayns 1945..
Ta obbyr er lheh echey: co-haaghey proteen; filley as gymmyrkey proteenyn son taaley (myr sampleyr, ensymeyn lheieagh, ny adsyn vees soieaghey ayns y far-chrackan killag (myr sampleyr, co-vreneenyn glackey); goaill shellooderys jeh kelkium; as jannoo as tashtey glycogen, steroidyn as stoo elley. Ta troggal far-chrackan y voggyl endoplasmagh gollrish troggyl y far-chrackan killag. 

## Troggal

She moggyl dy chisternae (poagaghyn beggey) eh troggal y voggyl endoplasmagh, as yn ushylagh killag kiangley ad ry-cheilley.  Ta far-chrackan cruinnaghey ream (*lumen*) jeh'n chytosol.  Ta obbyr y voggyl endoplasmagh croghey er y torçh dy voggyl endoplasmagh t'ayn, as y killag t'eh ayn.  Ta tree sorçhyn ayn:
* Moggyl endoplasmagh garroo
* Moggyl endoplasmagh reajagh
* Moggyl sarcoplasmagh

Foddee y killag eddyr-chaghlaa MEG as MER dy tappee, bentyn rish ny ta feme echey er.

## Imraaghyn
Bolgan (bea-oaylleeaght)

She poagey beg far-chrackanagh ayns killag eh **bolgan**, as eshyn currit da tashtey ny ymmyrkey stoo ayns y chillag. Ta bolganyn çheet rish dy dooghyssagh, er coontey troghyn far-chrackanyn lipaidagh. Ta obbyr er lheh ec ymmodee bolganyn, as shen croghey er ny t'ayndaue.
Er y fa dy vel bolganyn feer ghollrish y cheilley, s'doillee eh adsyn y eddyrscarrey gyn sambylyn jeh nyn gooid y ghoaill.
Ta bolganyn tashtey, garraghey ny lheie troaryn as naardys. Y far-chrackan mygeayrt echey, t'eh gollrish y far-chrackan killag; foddee bolganyn lheie marish y far-chrackan killag son dy 'eaysley er ny cooid oc magh ass y chillag. Chammah's shen, foddee ad lheie marish mynoltyn elley y chillag.
Er y fa dy vel eh eddyrscarrit veih'n chytosol, foddee çheumooie y volgan ve anchasley rish y phlasmey killag mygeayrt echey. Kyndagh rish shen, ta bolganyn nyn ngreie bunneydagh da killagyn, as ymmyd jeant jeu dy reaghey stoo ayns y chillag. Ta laue oc ayns soe, ymmyrkey, reaghey snaueaght, as tashtey ensymeyn.  T'ad jannoo obbyr shamyryn ym-obbraghey chammah.
 
## Imraaghyn
Folmid killag

She mynolt far-chrackanagh eh **folmid killag**, ta ry-akin ayns y chooid smoo jeh killagyn eukaryotagh.  Ec y vun, she shamyr doont t'ayn as fliughid aynsyn, myr sampleyr, ushtey ny ensymeyn ennagh.  Ny keayrtyn, ta stoo creoi ayn erreish da goll er sluggey.  Dy cadjin, ta folmidyn killag goll er jannoo liorish ymmodee bolganyn lheie ry-cheilley.  Cha nel mooadys ny cummey bunneydagh ec folmid killag; t'ad caghlaa rere femeyn y chillag.

Ta obbyr yn 'olmid killag goaill stiagh:
* Cur lhieu hene stoo oddagh jannoo assee da'n chillag
* Tashtey naardys
* Reaghey çhionnid trooid-heelagh (turgor) y chillag
* Reaghey pH
* Tashtey co-vreneenyn beggey
* Cur stoo nagh vel ry-laccal magh ass y chillag
Ta scansh 'olmidyn killag croghey er y torçh dy chillag t'ayn.  T'ad feer ny smoo scanshoil ec killagyn lossreeyn, fungyssyn as protista na ec killag vaaghyn.

## Imraaghyn
Leesosoom

She mynolt eh **leesosoom** as ensymeyn lheieagh aynsyn (hydrolase geayragh). Cha nel ad ry-akin agh ayns killagyn vaaghyn. T'ad lheie shenn vynoltyn, ny mynoltyn brisht; breneenyn dy vee; as veerysyn ny bacteyryn t'er nyn sluggey. Er coontey y far-chrackan mygeayrt y leesosoom, foddee eh freayll pH 4.5, as feme er shen son ny hensymeyn obbraghey. Ta leesosoomyn lheie marish folmid killag as cur ensymeyn stiagh jeh, son dy lheie ny t'aynsyn.

Ta bun Greagish ec *leesosome*: "λύσιs" ny *lysis*, (feaysley) + *soma* (corp).  Hie ad er feddyn magh liorish Christian de Duve ayns 1949.

## Imraaghyn
Yn Cavan

Ta'n **Cavan** (Yernish: *An Cabhán*, Baarle: *Cavan*) ny valley coontae er Coontae yn Chavan ayns Pobblaght Nerin. Ta'n balley ny lhie ayns shiar hwoaie yn ellan, faggys da'n joarey rish Nerin Hwoaie. Ta'n balley soit er y raad N3.

## Imraaghyn

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Rolley baljyn as baljyn beggey ayns Pobblaght Nerin
Littyr Kennain

Ta **Littyr Kennain** (, ) ny valley smoo ayns Coontae Ghoon ny Ghoal, cooid jeh queiggey Ullee ayns Pobblaght Nerin. Ta'n balley soit er awin an tSúileach. Dyn y wooise da mooadys y valley, she Leffyr y balley coontae.

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Rolley baljyn as baljyn beggey ayns Pobblaght Nerin

## Imraaghyn
Chloroplast

She mynolt eh **chloroplast**. T'ad ry-akin ayns killagyn lossreeyn as eukaryota elley ta co-haaghey sollysh. T'ad goaill bree jeh soilshey ny greiney, as jannoo ymmyd jeh dy yannoo co-vreneenyn tashtey bree; ATP as NADPH. Eisht, t'ad jannoo ymmyd jeh'n stoo shen dy ghoaill daa-ocseed charboan as troggal carbey-hiddraidyn marish.

Ta bun Greagish ec y fockle: *chloros* (glass, geayney) as *plast*, (cummey, red). She sorçh dy phlastaid t'ayn.

## Imraaghyn
Beigthigh

Ta **Beigthigh** (Baarle: *Bective*) ny valley eirinagh as ny chlaghan ayns Coontae yn Vee, Pobblaght Nerin. Ta'n claghan soit er brooinyn awin An Bhóinn, mygeayrt 10 km veih Baile Átha Troim as 8 km veih'n Ooive. Ta enney share er son y vannishter Chistershagh t'er çheu elley ny h-awin, raad dy row meeryn y scannane *[[Braveheart]]* currit er fillym. Cha nel agh thie lhionney lomarcan, as thieyn preevaadjagh ennagh ayn.

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Rolley baljyn as baljyn beggey ayns Pobblaght Nerin
* Coontae yn Vee
* *[[Braveheart]]*
* Mannishter Beigthigh

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn mooie
* Coontys giare er Beigthigh 'sy vlein 1837, veih'n lioar *A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland (1837)* liorish Samuel Lewis
* Club Bluckaneyrys Beigthigh
Kentreen

She mynolt stoandagh eh **kentreen** as eshyn ry-akin ayns y chooid smoo dy chillagyn vaaghyn.  Cha nel ad ec lossreeyn ny y chooid smoo dy fungyssyn.  Ta boallaghyn y chentreen jeant dy nuy trooryn dy vynphiobanyn (rheynn jeh'n ushylagh killag)  dy cadjin.  Fir anchasley rish shen, t'ad goaill stiagh bwaane *[[Drosophila melanogaster]]* (as nuy jeesyn oc), as killagyn as bwaaneyn leah *[[Caenorhabditis elegans]]* (as nuy singlaidyn oc).  Ta'n kentrosoom jeant jeh daa chentreen kern-jeeragh, as ram stoo pericentriolagh (SPC) mygeayrt oc.

## Imraaghyn
Far-chrackan killag

She mynolt eh **far-chrackan killag** (ny **far-chrackan plasmey**). She daa-vrat lipaid-fosfaar t'ayn, as eshyn ry-akin ayns dagh ooilley killag; ayns lossreeyn as prokaryotee, ta'n far-chrackan fo boalley killag dy cadjin. Ta'n far-chrackan eddyrscarrey y killag hene as y çhymbyllaght veih my cheilley, as coadey y killag. T'eh jeant jeh daa-vrat lipaid (co-vreneen sahllagh as feoh ushtey orroo) as co-vreneenyn fosfaar (as ad currit da ushtey); myr shen, ny keayrtyn t’ad cur er *[[daa-vrat lipaid-fosfaar]]*. Ta'n far-chrackan *lieh-neuyeen*, dy ghra myr shen, t'eh lhiggey da kuse dy cho-vreneenyn goll ny hrooid gyn scuirr, agh fir elley, cha nod ad çheet trooid gyn cooney proteen ymmyrkey ayns y far-chrackan.  Ta ymmodee co-vreneenyn bea-oaylleeagh 'syn 'ar-chrackan, proteenyn as lipaidyn son y chooid smoo, as laue oc ayns ymmodee obbyraghyn y chillag: myr sampleyr, çhaghteraght killag.  Chammah's shen, ta'n far-chrackan ny chlowan lhiantys da'n ushylagh killag as (my ta'n lheid ayn) y boaylley killag. 

## Imraaghyn
Flagellum

Ta **flagellum** ny hroggal gollrish famman, as eshyn ec kuse dy chillagyn.  Ta laue echey ayns ymmyrkey y chillag.  Sampleyr dy chillag eukaryotagh as flagellum echey, shen sheel.  T'eshyn jannoo ymmyd jeh'n flagellum dy snaue trooid yn ammyr gientynagh bwoirrinagh.  Sampleyr dy vacteyr as flagella echey, shen *[[Helicobacter pylori]]*.  T'eh jannoo ymmd jeh flagella dy snaue trooid coadag carbeig dys y ghailley, raad t'eh ny vun askaidyn.  Ta anchaslyssyn mooar eddyr flagella eukaryotagh as prokaryotagh, bentyn rish ny proteenyn t'ayndaue, troggalyn, as yn aght t'ad gymmyrkey y chillag.  Ta flagella eukaryotagh as cilia eukaryotagh unnane, ga dy vel sleih eddyrscarrey ad rere obbyr ny liurid, ny keayrtyn. 

She fockle Ladjyn t'ayn, as y keeall *kip, scuitçh* echey, çheet er cummey y troggal.

## Imraaghyn
Kentrosoom

She mynolt eh **kentrosoom**, as eshyn currit da reaghey mynphiobanyn as y çhymshal killag. T'ad credjal nagh ren eh aafilley agh ayns y fuilleeaght metasoagh dy chillagyn eukaryotagh.  Ta fungyssyn as lossreeyn jannoo ymmyd jeh troggalyn elley dy reaghey ny mynphiobanyn oc  Ga dy vel obbyr scanshoil ec y chentrosoom ayns killagyn vaaghyn bentyn rish mitosis, cha nel feme er oc.

Ta kentrosoom jeant jeh daa chentreen kern-jeeragh rish y cheilley, as ram proteen mygeayrt oc: stoo pericentriolagh (SPC).

## Imraaghyn
Çhengaghyn yn Aishey

Ta arraghys lhean dy çhengaghyn ta loayrt er feie'n Aishey, as ad goaill stiagh ram kynneeyn as çhengaghyn lomarcan. Ta tradishoon liauyr screeudeyrys ec shiartanse jeh ny çhengaghyn shen.

### [[Yn Aishey Veanagh|Yn Aishey Veanagh as Hiar Hwoaie]]
*Çhengaghyn Ooralagh
*Ta ny çhengaghyn Altaiagh goaill stiagh lheid as Çhengaghyn Turkagh, Mongoilagh, as Tungusagh. Ta çhengoaylleeghyn ennagh goaill stiagh Koreeish as ny çhengaghyn Shapaanagh chammah; er y laue elley, ta çhengoaylleeghyn elley credjal nagh vel y kynney Altaiagh ny phossan çhengoaylleeagh er chor erbee.
**Çhengaghyn Turkagh:
***Asserbajaanish, Kassaghish, Kyrgish, Oosbeckish, Tatarish, Turkish, Turkmenish, Uyghurish
**Çhengaghyn Mongoilagh
***Buryatish, Mongoilish

### [[Çhengaghyn Shenn-hibbeyragh]]
*Çhengaghyn Shukotkagh-Kamchatkagh
*Çhengaghyn Eskimagh-Aleutagh
*Çhengaghyn Yukaghiragh
*Nivkh
*Çhengaghyn Yeniseiagh

### [[Çhengaghyn yn Aishey Hiar]]
*Yn Aishey Hiar Yiass, Yn Çheen Vooar, Sheealtagh, Madagascar, as Yn Injey Hiar Hwoaie  
**Austro-Tai 
***Çhengaghyn Austragh 
****Çhengaghyn Austro-Aishanagh
*****Khasi, Camboydish, Mon, Kuy, Nicobarish, Vietnamish, Çhengaghyn Munda
****Çhengaghyn Austraineeshagh  
*****Çhengaghyn Formosagh 
******Atayal, Paiwanish,
*****Çhengaghyn Malayagh-Polaneesagh  
******Çhengaghyn Borneo-Phillippeenagh  
*******Cebuano,  Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Tagalogish
******Çhengaghyn Malayagh-Polaneesagh Çheshveanagh
*******Cham, Indoneeshish, Javanish, Malayish,  Sundanish, Tetum
***Çhengaghyn Hmong-Mien
***Çhengaghyn Kradai
****Hkamti, Laoish, Thai 
**Çhengaghyn Sheenagh-Tibetagh:
***Çhengaghyn Sheenagh: Cantoanish, Gan, Hakka, Mandareenish, Min, Wu, Xiang
***Çhengaghyn Tibetagh-Burmagh: Burmish, Çhengaghyn Kiranti, Mizo, Nepal Bhasa, Tibetish
 
*Yn Çhapaan as Yn Chorea
**Buyeo
***Koreeish
***Shapaanagh
****Shapaanish, Ryukyu

## Elley
*Çhengaghyn Andamanagh
*Ainu 
*Singlish, Baarle Singapore

## Jeeagh er neesht
*Çhengaghyn Aishanagh Hiar
*Çhengaghyn yn Injey
Boalley killag

She coodagh creoi, so-lhoobey mygeayrt shiartanse dy chillagyn eh **boalley killag**.  T'eh ny hoie çheumooie jeh'n 'ar-chrackan killag; t'eh niartaghey y chillag, coadey eh, as sheelaghey ny ta çheet stiagh aynsyn.  Ard-obbyr y voalley killag, shen reaghey çhionnid y chilley, as lhiettal ro-vooadaghey tra ta ushtey çheet stiagh 'sy chillag.  T'ad ry-akin ec lossreeyn, bacteyryn, algey as kuse dy archaea.  Cha nel y lheid ec beiyn ny protosoa.

Ta stoo y voalley killag anchasley eddyr dooieyn, as ec lossreeyn as fungyssyn, eddyr sorçhyn dy chillagyn.  Ec lossreeyn, she cellulose eh bun y voalley killag.  Ec bacteyryn, she peptidoglycan eh; ec fungyssyn, she chitin eh; as ec diatomyn, she geayr silicagh eh.  Ta ymmodee cummaghyn ec boallaghyn killag archaea, myr sampleyr, polysaccharide ny glycoproteen.  Dy mennick, ta co-vreneenyn elley nyn soie er y voalley killag.
Lus-oaylleeaght

She magher bea-oaylleeagh eh **lus-oaylleeaght**, bentyn rish lossreeyn.  Ta'n magher goaill stiagh studeyrys er fungyssyn as algey chammah.  Ta cooishyn lus-oaylleeaght goaill stiagh troggal, aase killagyn, geddyn sliught, as soe lossreeyn; gorlaghyn lossreeyn; aafilley lossreeyn; as troghyn kemmigagh lossreeyn.  Va bun y vagher obbraghyn shenn sleih dy chur enney er lossreeyn yn-ee, lheeys as nieunagh.

## Imraaghyn
Mannishter Beigthigh

Ta **Mannishter Beigthigh** (, ) ny mannishter Chistershagh er brooinyn awin An Bhóinn ayns Beigthigh, Coontae yn Vee, Nerin. Va'n vannishter bunnit ec Murchad Ó Maeil-Sheachlainn ayns 1147 myr mannishter neenoil jeh cooid An Mhainistir Mhór. Va'n vannishter nane jeh mannishteryn smoo scanshoil 'sy çheer er y fa dy row soiag ec Abb Beigthigh ayns Parlamaid ny Paal. V'ee doont ayns 1536 ny yei keiltyn ny mannishteryn liorish Ree Inry VIII.

Jiu, ta enney share er y vannishter ayns Nerin myr nane jeh buill chinematograafagh y scannane *[[Braveheart]]*.

## Jallooyn

Bective Abbey 03.jpg|Reayrt veih'n chooyrt veanagh
Bective Abbey 02.jpg|Releef er çheu arc 'sy chooyrt veanagh
Bective Abbey Side.JPG|Çheu hoshee ny mannishter
Bective Abbey Arch.JPG|Reayrt er arc 'sy vannishter


## Imraaghyn

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Rolley mannishteryn as prioraghtyn ayns Pobblaght Nerin, (Coontae yn Vee)