open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Yn Rank Noa

Ta'n **Rank Noa** () çheet er y thalloo v'er ny choloinaghey liorish y Rank ayns America Hwoaie, goaill toshiaght rish ronsaghey magh Lhoob Laurys Noo liorish Jacques Cartier ayns 1534 as goaill jerrey rish coyrt seose y Rank Noa da'n Vretyn Vooar as y Spaainey ayns 1763 fo Conaant Phaarys.

Va'n Rank Noa ny lhiass-reeriaght feer vooar va jeant seose jeh queig coloinyn ec e mullagh ayns 1712, lesh reireydys hene ec dagh coloin: y Chanadey, y coloin smoo lhiassit va rhennit magh ayns ny slystyn Québec (mygeayrt Caayr Québec), Trois-Rivières, as Montréal; Baie Hudson; Acadia 'sy niar hwoaie; Terre-Neuve er ellan Halloo yn Eeast; as Louisiana. Heeyn eh magh veih Thalloo yn Eeast dys Faasaghyn Faiyr y Chanadey as veih Baie Hudson dys Lhoob Veksico, goaill stiagh dagh fer jeh Loghyn Mooarey America Hwoaie.

'Sy 16oo eash, ren ny coloinee ymmyd jeh ny thallooyn son tayrn magh cooid najooragh, lheid as shehghyn, trooid traght lesh sleih bun-dooghyssagh eigsoylagh. 'Sy 17oo eash, hoshee troggalys er baljyn rahoil ayns Acadia as Québec. Rere Conaant Utrecht ayns 1713, lhig y Rank e aggyrtys harrish Acadia vooar-heeragh, Baie Hudson, as Thalloo yn Eeast da'n Vretyn Vooar. Ayns ynnyd shen, vunnee yn Rank coloin Île Royale er Eilean Cheap Bhreatainn, raad hrogg ad Peeley Louisbourg.

Dirree earroo yn phobble dy moal agh dy shickyr. Ayns 1754, va pobble y Rank Noa jeant seose ass 10,000 Acadee, 55,000 *[[Canadee Rangagh|Canadiens]]*, as mysh 4,000 coloinee ayns Louisiana heese as heose; 69,000 'sy clane. Cheau ny Goaldee ny h-Acadee magh 'sy Vusthaa Mooar eddyr 1755 as 1764, t'er ny ve cooilleeinit er 28 Jerrey Souree dagh blein veih 2003. Ta ny sluightee skeaylt magh harrish Queiggaghyn Mooiragh y Chanadey as ayns Maine as Louisiana, lesh pobbylyn beggey ayns Chéticamp, Nalbin Noa, as Ellanyn Valaine. Hie fir jeu dys y Rank chammah.

Lurg Caggey ny Shiaght Bleeaney (ghow stiagh Caggey ny Frangee as ny h-Injinee ayns America), lhig y Rank y chooid elley jeh'n Rank Noa da'n Vretyn Vooar as y Spaainey ayns Conaant Phaarys ayns 1763 (faagail magh ny h-ellanyn ayns Saint Pierre as Miquelon). Hooar y Vretyn Vooar y Chanadey, Acadia, as Louisiana Rangagh çheu hiar jeh Awin Mississippi, faagail magh Île d'Orléans, va giootit da'n Spaainey lesh y thalloo 'sy neear. Ayns 1800, hug y Spaainey e chooid jeh Louisiana er ash dys y Rank fo Conaant San Ildefonso folliaghtagh, as ren Napoléon Bonaparte creck eh dys ny Steatyn Unnaneysit ayns Kionneeaght Louisiana ayns 1803, red chur jerrey beayn rish eabyn coloinagh y Rank er mooar-heer America.

Haink y Rank Noa dy ve mestit stiagh ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit as 'sy Chanadey. She Saint Pierre as Miquelon, co-chadjinys harrish mooir, yn ynrican lorg jeh reirey yn Rank ta faagit, ga dy vel y chooid smoo jeh pobble Québec foast nyn Vrangisheyryn. Ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, ta eiraght y Rank Noa goaill stiagh ram boayl-enmyn chammah as bluckanyn dy phobbylyn Frangish.

## Imraaghyn
Iryna Tsybukh

She peiagh theyeagh as earisheyr Ookraanagh va **Iryna Volodymyrivna Tsybukh** (; 1 Mean Souree 1998 &ndash; 29 Boaldyn 2024). V'ee ny reireyder rheynn ayns Stiureydaght Scaalheaney Ardjynagh ayns Colught Çhellveeish as Radio Theayagh Ashoonagh yn Ookraan. Lurg ren y Roosh ruegys er yn Ookraan, hie ee stiagh 'sy chahnaght lheeys "Spittaleyryn." Er 29 Boaldyn 2024, varr soiagh Rooshagh ee as ee cur cooney da sidooryn guintit as gymmyrkey ad veih'n toshiaght chaggee.
Antz

She fillym contoyrtys Americaanagh voish y vlein 1998 ta bioghit lesh co-earrooder eh ***Antz***. Va'n fillym gientit liorish DreamWorks Animation as rheynnit ec DreamWorks Pictures. Va'n fillym stiurit ec Eric Darnell as Tim Johnson as screeuit ec Todd Alcott, Chris Weitz as Paul Weitz. Ta'n fillym goaill stiagh gooyn Woody Allen, Sharon Stone, Jennifer Lopez, Sylvester Stallone, Christopher Walken, Dan Aykroyd, Anne Bancroft, Danny Glover, as Gene Hackman.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
A Bug's Life

She fillym contoyrtys Americaanagh veih'n vlein 1998 ta bioghit lesh co-earrooder eh ***A Bug's Life***. Va'n fillym gientit liorish Pixar Animation Studios as rheynnit ec Buena Vista Pictures Distribution. Va'n fillym stiurit ec John Lasseter as screeuit ec Andrew Stanton, Donald McEnery as Bob Shaw. Ta'n fillym goaill stiagh gooyn Dave Foley, Kevin Spacey, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, as Hayden Panettiere.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
*
Descendants 3

She fillym çhellveeish contoyrtys fansee kiaullee Americaanagh veih'n vlein 2019 eh ***Descendants 3***. She Kenny Ortega va'n stiureyder as y choreografee. Ta Dove Cameron, Sofia Carson, Booboo Stewart, as Cameron Boyce cloie ny paitçhyn jeigeyragh lesh Maleficent, y Drogh Venrein, Jafar, Cruella de Vil, Hades, as Uma, er lheh. Hie eh magh er ny skeaylley da'n chied cheayrt er 2 Luanistyn 2019 lesh y Disney Channel.

## Skimmee
* Dove Cameron myr Mal, inneen lesh Maleficent
* Cameron Boyce myr Carlos, mac lesh Cruella de Vil
* Sofia Carson myr Evie, inneen lesh The Evil Queen
* Booboo Stewart myr Jay, mac lesh Jafar
* Mitchell Hope myr Ben, mac lesh Belle as Beast 
* Brenna D'Amico myr Jane, inneen lesh Fairy Godmother
* Melanie Paxson myr Fairy Godmother, ard-venainshtyr er y scoill Auradon Prep as moir lesh Jane
* Jedidiah Goodacre myr Chad Charming, mac lesh Cinderella as Prince Charming
* Zachary Gibson myr Doug, mac lesh Dopey y Crivassan
* Dan Payne myr Beast, y fer sheshee lesh y Venrein Belle as yn ayr lesh Ben
* Keegan Connor Tracy myr Belle, y ven heshee lesh Beast as y voir lesh Ben

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* 
* 
*
Moana (fillym 2016)

She fillym contoyrtys Americaanagh veih'n vlein 2016 ta bioghit lesh co-earrooder eh ***Moana***. Va'n fillym gientit liorish Walt Disney Animation Studios as rheynnit ec Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. Va'n fillym stiurit ec John Musker as Ron Clements as screeuit ec Jared Bush. Ta'n fillym goaill stiagh gooyn Auliʻi Cravalho, Dwayne Johnson, Rachel House, Temuera Morrison, Jemaine Clement, Nicole Scherzinger, as Alan Tudyk.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
*
The Simpsons Movie

She fillym aittys bioghit Americaanagh veih'n vlein 2007 eh ***The Simpsons Movie***. T'eh bunnit er y straih vioghit *[[The Simpson]]* lesh Fox lesh y chrootagh Matt Groening. Va'n fillym stiurit lesh David Silverman (ayns e chied çheet-magh stiuree echey) as t'eh goaill stiagh y fwirran reiltagh Dan Castellaneta, Julie Kavner, Nancy Cartwright, Yeardley Smith, Hank Azaria, Harry Shearer, Pamela Hayden, as Tress MacNeille as ad aa-chloie nyn baartyn, chammah as Albert Brooks myr ancharrey yn fillym, Russ Cargill, toshiagh yn Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Ta'n fillym geiyrt er Homer Simpson, t'er ny hollaghey logh ynnydagh Springfield dy meereggyragh, cooish lesh pryssoonaghey yn valley fo cruinnaghan glonney feer vooar liorish yn EPA. Erreish da ren eshyn as e lught thie scaapail dys Alaska, ren ad faagail Homer ergooyl kyndagh rish e hondid as hie ad er-ash dys Springfield dy chur lhiettrimys er scryssey yn valley liorish Cargill. Lurg shen, ren Homer obbraghey er e aa-eaysley as hie eshyn hene er-ash dys Springfield dy hauail yn balley.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
* 
*
Harry Larsen

She ymmyrtagh Danvargagh va **Harry Julius Larsen** (4 Mean Fouyir 1915 – 12 Luanistyn 1974). Ren eh cohirrey ayns Cloiaghyn Olympagh y Touree, 1936.

Va Larsen ruggit ayns Kirkerup, Baljaght Slagelse, ayns 1915. Ayns 1936, chossyn eh boyn argid lesh e chommagh Richard Olsen ayns co-hirrey piyr gyn stiureyder. Hooar eh baase ayns 1974 ayns Copenhagen.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
* Beashnys ec Database Olympics
Mats Berglind

She politickeyr Soolynnagh as oltey jeh'n Riksdag, y çhionnal ashoonagh, va **Mats Berglind** (1952 &ndash; 23 Mean Fouyir 2016). V'eh ny oltey jeh'n Phartee Deynlagh Soshiallagh, as v'eh reiht er son Coontae Uppsala eddyr Jerrey Fouyir 1998 as Jerrey Fouyir 2010. Chammah's shen, she oltey ynnydagh jeh'n Riksdag v'eh da Thomas Östros eddyr Mayrnt 1996 as Jerrey Fouyir 1998. Hooar eh baase er 23 Mean Fouyir 2016 as eh 64 bleeaney d'eash.

## Imraaghyn
Marta Gałuszewska

She arraneyder pop-chiaull Polynnagh ee **Marta Gałuszewska** (ruggit er 23 Toshiaght Arree 1994 ayns Elbląg, y Pholynn). Ta enney urree er-yn-oyr dy nee ish ren cosney yn hoghtoo imbagh jeh *[[The Voice of Poland]]* er 25 Sauin 2017. Ren ee cohirrey er fwirran Michał Szpak.

'Syn episode jerrinagh jeh'n chlaare, skeayll Gałuszewska magh e chied hingyl lioree hene, "Nie mów mi nie". Ayns 2018, ghow ee ayrn ayns kione-chloie ashoonagh y Pholynn da Cohirrey Arrane Eurovision, 2018 lesh y lhieggan Baarle jeh'n chied arrane eck, as haink ee stiagh 'sy wheiggoo ynnyd.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
*
*
Ede Kallós

She jallooder Ungaaragh jeh eiraght Ewagh va **Ede Kallós** (ruggit myr **Éliás Klein**; 17 Toshiaght Arree 1866 ayns Hódmezővásárhely – 11 Mayrnt 1950 ayns Budapest). Ghow e aght jallooagh meeryn y rieughid as yn ard-schoillarid ayns croaght ellyn da tommanyn.

## Beashnys
Va Kallós ruggit ayns Hódmezővásárhely, as ren eh studeyrys ayns Budapest as Paarys. She jalloo "Davy" va'n chied vooar-obbyr echey.

Hooar Kallós baase ayns Budapest ayns 1950.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Beashnys as obbraghyn Ede Kallós
Clifford's Really Big Movie

She fillym bioghit Americaanagh veih'n vlein 2004 eh ***Clifford's Really Big Movie***. Va'n fillym gientit liorish Scholastic Entertainment as Big Red Dog Productions as rheynnit ec Warner Bros. Pictures. Va'n fillym stiurit ec Robert Ramirez as screeuit ec Rhett Reese as Ramirez. Ta'n fillym goaill stiagh gooyn John Ritter, Wayne Brady, Kel Mitchell, Cree Summer, Judge Reinhold, Jenna Elfman, Wilmer Valderrama, Jess Harnell, John Goodman, Kath Soucie, as Grey DeLisle.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
*
Clifford the Big Red Dog (straih hellveeish)

She straih hellveeish aittys vioghit Americaanagh eh ***Clifford the Big Red Dog***. Ta'n straih bunnit er y lioar phaitçhyn fo'n ennym cheddin (1963) liorish Norman Bridwell, as hie eh magh er ny scaalheaney er PBS Kids voish 4 Mean Fouyir 2000 derrey 25 Toshiaght Arree 2003.

## Skimmee

* John Ritter myr Clifford
* Grey DeLisle Griffin myr Emily-Elizabeth Howard as Caroline Howard
* Cree Summer myr Cleo
* Kel Mitchell myr T-Bone
* Cam Clarke myr Mark Howard, Mac as K.C.
* Gary LeRoi Gray myr Charley
* Terrence C. Carson myr Samuel
* Kath Soucie myr Jetta Handover
* Debi Derryberry myr Cosmo Handover

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Friedrich Theodor Vischer

She noaskeealagh, feelee, screeudeyr cloie, as screeudeyr Germaanagh er fallsoonys yn ellyn va **Friedrich Theodor Vischer** (30 Mean Souree 180714 Mean Fouyir 1887). Jiu, t'eh mie er enney myr ughtar y noaskeeal *[[:de:Auch Einer|Auch Einer]]*, raad ren eh lhiasaghey smooinaght  (goanlys ny reddyn), sheiltynys aitt ta gra dy vel reddyn anvio co-chialg noi feallee.

## Obbraghyn reiht
* *Ueber das Erhabene und Komische und andere Texte zur Philosophie des Schönen*, 1837
* *Kritische Gänge*, 1844
* *Aesthetik oder Wissenschaft des Schönen*. Ayns shey ayrnyn, 1846
* *Kritische Gänge. Neue Folge*. Ayns shey ayrnyn, 1860
* *Faust. Der Tragödie dritter Teil* (fo'n ar-ennym Deutobold Symbolizetti Allegoriowitsch Mystifizinsky), arrish jeh a parody of Goethe's Faust, Ayrn II, 1862
* *Mein Lebensgang*, hene-veashnys, 1874
* *Auch Einer. Eine Reisebekanntschaft*, noaskeeal, 1879 (Lhieggan bun-earrooagh ayns daa ym-lioar veih 1900 liorish Ollooscoill as Lioarlann Steat Düsseldorf)
* *Altes und Neues*, 1881
* *Lyrische Gänge*, feeleeaght, 1882
* *Nicht Ia. Schwäbisches Lustspiel in drei Aufzügen*, aittys, 1884
* *Altes und Neues. Neue Folge*, 1889

Ta slane rolley jeh obbraghey Vischer ry-gheddyn er Wikipedia yn Ghermaanish.

## Imraaghyn

*   Ta'n obbyr shoh symnaghey:
** O. Keindl, *F. T. Vischer, Erinnerungsblätter* (1888)
** J. E. von Günthert, *F. T. Vischer, ein Charakterbild* (1888)
** I. Frapan, *Vischer-Erinnerungen* (1889)
** T. Ziegler, *F. T. Vischer* (*Vortrag*) (1893)
** J. G. Oswald, *F. T. Vischer als Dichter* (1896)
Oie ny Skynnaghyn Liaurey

She glenney haghyr 'sy Ghermaan Natseeagh va **Oie ny Skynnaghyn Liaurey** ny **Oie ny Skynnaghyn Mooarey** () ny **Obbreeaght yn Ushag Ving** (). Haghyr eh eddyr 30 Mean Souree as 2 Jerrey Souree 1934 tra varr yn Partee Natseeagh 85 sleih dy h-oikoil, agh t'eh oolit dy dooar wheesh as 1,000 sleih baase er son cooishyn politickagh. Va'n chooid smoo jeusyn hooar baase nyn olteynyn jeh'n "Sturmabteilung" (SA). 

Ren Adolf Hitler soiaghey noi yn SA as e hoshiagh, Ernst Röhm, er-yn-oyr dy row eh smooinaghtyn dy nee baggyrtys jeeragh noi e reirey va seyrsnys yn SA as cleayney e olteynyn rish raghlid ayns ny straiddyn. Chammah's shen, va Hitler geearree lhiettrimys y chur roish gleashaght erbee veih toshee yn Reichswehr, forsaghyn armit y Ghermaan, va goaill aggle roish as cur dwoaie da'n SA, dy chur lhiettrimys er e reirey, er-yn-oyr dy row Röhm geearree yn Reichswehr y vestey stiagh lesh eshyn myr y toshiagh. 

Chammah, ren Hitler ymmyd je'n ghlenney dy gholl noi cremeyderyn cumaadagh jeh'n ream echey, goaill stiagh adsyn va leighalagh da'n Lhiass Hansyleyr Franz von Papen er-lheh, as dy chur jerrey rish shenn streeughyn noi shenn noidyn, lheid as Kurt von Schleicher. Va Ernst Röhm goit er 30 Mean Souree liorish yn SS (fo sarey Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler as y lhiass SS-Obergruppenfuhrer Reinhard Heydrich) as v'eh marrooit liorish y Ghineraal Josef Sepp Dietrich, Theodor Eicke as Michael Lippert.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* The History Place&nbsp;– Triumph of Hitler&nbsp;– Night of the Long Knives
*''Hitler's Bodyguard'' (straih hellveeish feanishagh Ghoaldagh 2008–09). Jeeagh er Episode 4 ("Night of the Long Knives") er Amazon Prime Video. Jeeagh er yn duillag er IMDb da'n episode shen.
1522

**1522** (MDXXII), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jecrean rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 26 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Hie yn *[[conquistador]]* Spaainagh Gil González Dávila magh shiaulley veih lhoob y Phanamaa dy ronsaghey magh coose Sheealtagh America Veanagh. Ren eh ronsaghey magh y Nickeraag as denmys eh yn Coose Berçhagh ass ny mooadyssyn jeh'n airh ren eh feddyn magh er ny traieghyn.
* 21 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Bible Luther: Va çhyndaays y Chonaant Noa liorish Martin Luther dys yn Ard-Ghermaanish Noa Leah veih'n Ghreagish, *Das newe Testament Deutzsch*, soilshit magh 'sy Ghermaan, as va ny thousaneyn dy choipyn creckit roish reggyryn dy hiaghtinyn.

## Ruggyryn
* 2 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Lodovico Ferrari, maddaghteyr Iddaalagh (b. 1565)
* 24 Boaldyn &ndash; John Jewel, aspick Sostynagh (b. 1571)
* 11 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Ulisse Aldrovandi, najooragh Iddaalagh (b. 1605)
* 9 Sauin &ndash; Martin Chemnitz, aachrootagh Lutheragh (b. 1586)

## Baaseyn
* 25 Mean Souree &ndash; Franchinus Gaffurius, cummeyder Iddaalagh (r. 1451)
* 30 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Jean Mouton, cummeyder Frangagh (r. c. 1459)
1455

**1455** (MCDLV), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jecrean rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 23 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Haink Bible Gutenberg dy ve ny chied lioar ve prentit lesh clou so-ghleashagh.
* Arragh &ndash; Hoshee Caggey ny Roseyn ayns Sostyn.

## Ruggyryn
* 29 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Johann Reuchlin, sheelnaueder as scoillar Germaanagh (b. 1522)
* 15 Mayrnt &ndash; Pietro Accolti, cardinaal Catoleagh Iddaalagh (b. 1532)

## Baaseyn
* 18 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Fra Angelico, peinteyr Iddaalagh (r. 1395)
* 22 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Johannes Brassart, cummeyder Flandrynagh (r. c. 1400)
1709

**1709** (MDCCIX), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jemayrt rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein chadjin ghow toshiaght Jesarn rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 28 Luanistyn &ndash; Va Pamheiba crooinit myr Ree Manipur.

## Ruggyryn
* 7 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Charles de Brosses, screeudeyr Frangagh (b. 1777)
* 18 Mayrnt &ndash; Johannes Gessner, maddaghteyr Elveeishagh (b. 1790)
* 17 Averil &ndash; Giovanni Domenico Maraldi, rollageyder Iddaalagh (b. 1788)
* 26 Luanistyn &ndash; Guillaume Repin, saggyrt as martyr Frangagh (b. 1794)
* 18 Nollick &ndash; Ealisaid y Roosh, ben-impir reiltagh y Roosh (b. 1762)

## Baaseyn
* 8 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Giuseppe Torelli, cummeyder Iddaalagh (r. 1658)
* 21 Mayrnt &ndash; Burchard de Volder, maddaghteyr Ollanagh (r. 1643)
* 30 Mean Souree &ndash; Edward Lhuyd, sheanseyr Bretnagh (r. 1660)
* 2 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Ivan Mazepa, Hetman yn Ookraan (r. 1639)
Johann Reuchlin

She sheelnaueder Catoleagh as scoillar Germaanagh va **Johann Reuchlin** (29 Jerrey Geuree 1455 – 30 Mean Souree 1522), ta enmyssit **Johannes** keayrtyn. V'eh ny scoillar er y Ghreagish as yn Ewnish, as hug e obbyr eh dys yn Austeyr, yn Elveeish, yn Iddaal, as y Rank noa-emshiragh. Ren y chooid smoo jeh obbyr Reuchlin jeeraghey er yrjaghey fys Germaanagh er y Ghreagish as y Ewnish.

## Obbraghyn
* *De Verbo Mirifico*
* *[[De Arte Cabbalistica]]*

## Daill
*
*
*

## Lhaih neesht
* 

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* Johannes Reuchlin and the Jewish Book Controversy
*
Emil Abderhalden

She bea-chemmigagh as fyshoayllee Elveeishagh va **Emil Abderhalden** (9 Mayrnt 1877 – 5 Luanistyn 1950). Va e ard-eddynyssyn er jiooldaghey ayns ny 1990yn jeianagh, ga dy row arganeyssyn bentyn roo cha foddey sheear as ny 1910yn. My row e eddynyssyn meestiuragh bunnit er y volteyrys ny er troar yn assaaragh geyrid as cruinnys skeeandagh, cha nel shin shickyr. Va cur sheese jeant da'n chied cheayrt er pistol çhirmaghey Abderhalden, ta ymmydit 'sy chemmig, lesh nane jeh e scollagyn ayns teks-lioar ren Abderhalden reaghey.

## Imraaghyn
866

**866** (DCCCLXVI), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jemayrt rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 2 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Cah Brissarthe: Chur co-armee Britaanagh-Loghlynagh forsaghyn Frankagh fo Robert Niartal fo haart.

## Ruggyryn
* 19 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Leon VI, impir Baisantagh (b. 912)
* Robert I, ree Reeriaght ny Frankee Heear (b. 923)

## Baaseyn
* 2 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Robert Niartal, dooinney ooasle Frankagh
1726

**1726** (MDCCXXVI), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jemayrt rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein chadjin ghow toshiaght Jesarn rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 29 Mayrnt &ndash; Haink y chied lughtey jeh sleabyn dys New Orleans tra haink y lhong *L'Aurore* stiagh 'sy phurt lesh 290 Affrickee ghorrymey va goit 'sy Ghambia. Car y marrinys 90 laa veih Gorée 'sy Tenegaal noa-emshiragh, hooar 60 sleabyn baase.
* 1 Boaldyn &ndash; Hoshee Voltaire e eebyrtys ayns Sostyn.

## Ruggyryn
* 7 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Margaret Fownes-Luttrell, peinteyr Goaldagh (b. 1766)
* 16 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Daniel Chodowiecki, peinteyr Polynnagh (b. 1801)

## Baaseyn
* 2 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Domenico Zipoli, cummeyder Tuscaanagh as sushtallagh Yeeseynagh (r. 1688)
* 25 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Guillaume Delisle, kaartgrafee Frangagh (r. 1675)
* 31 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Nicolaus II Bernoulli, maddaghteyr Elveeishagh (r. 1695)
1477

**1477** (MCDLXXVII), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jecrean rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 27 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Va Ollooscoill Uppsala bunnit, y chied ollooscoill va bunnit 'sy Toolynn as ayns Loghlin.

## Ruggyryn
* 16 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Johannes Schöner, rollageyder as kaartgrafee Germaanagh (b. 1547)
* 25 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Onnee yn Vritaan, ben-diuc reiree yn Vritaan, benrein lesh Çhalse VIII y Rank (b. 1514)
* 12 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Jacopo Sadoleto, cardinaal Iddaalagh (b. 1547)
* 21 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Matthäus Zell, bochilley anmey Lutheragh Germaanagh (b. 1548)

## Baaseyn
* 4 Luanistyn &ndash; Jacques d'Armagnac, Diuc Nemours
* 11 Luanistyn &ndash; Latino Orsini, cardinaal Catoleagh Iddaalagh (r. 1411)
1518

**1518** (MDXVIII), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jerdein rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* Jerrey Souree &ndash; Plaih ghaunse 1518: Vrish cooish jeh keoieys daunse magh ayns Strasbourg, varr ram sleih myr eiyrtys er y ghaunse gyn aash.

## Ruggyryn
* 2 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Johann Hommel, rollageyder as maddaghteyr Germaanagh (b. 1562)
* 28 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Frank III, Diuc y Vritaan (b. 1536)
* 3 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Li Shizhen, lhee, potacaroayllee, as meain-oayllee Sheenagh (b. 1593)

## Baaseyn
* 16 Luanistyn &ndash; Loyset Compère, cummeyder Frangagh (r. c. 1445)
* 5 Nollick &ndash; Gian Giacomo Trivulzio, anneyder caggee Iddaalagh (r. c. 1440)
1503

**1503** (MDIII), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jedoonee rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 15 Mayrnt &ndash; Haink y ronseyder Portiugagh Vasco da Gama as shiaulteyryn er e lhuingys vooar Phortiugagh dys yn Injey dy ve ny chied Oarpee dy chur shilley er ny h-Ellanyn Sheshell.
* 10 Boaldyn &ndash; Ren Christopher Columbus feddyn magh Ellanyn Cayman, denmys eh *Las Tortugas* ass ny turtylyn v'ayn.
* 24 Boaldyn &ndash; Haghyr crooinaghey Moctezuma II myr reireyder er yn Impiraght Asteckagh ec y phreeu-valley Asteckagh Tenochtitlan, ayrn jiu jeh Caayr Veksico.
* 8 Luanistyn &ndash; Phoose Ree Jamys IV ny h-Albey rish Margaret Tudor, inneen lesh y Ree Inry VII Hostyn, ec Abban Taigh an Ròid, Doon Edin, Nalbin

## Ruggyryn
* 22 Mayrnt &ndash; Antonio Francesco Grazzini, screeudeyr Iddaalagh (b. 1584)
* 1 Mean Souree &ndash; Wilhelm von Grumbach, fer contoyrtagh Germaanagh (b. 1567)
* 17 Sauin &ndash; Agnolo di Cosimo, ellyneyr as feelee Iddaalagh (b. 1572)
* 20 Nollick &ndash; Cosimo Bartoli, diploamagh as screeudeyr Iddaalagh (b. 1572)

## Baaseyn
* 5 Luanistyn &ndash; Reginald Bray, reireyder as steateyr Sostynagh (r. 1440)
* 18 Luanistyn &ndash; Paab Alistair VI (r. 1431)
100 RC

**100 RC**, she blein jeh'n eaillere Raueagh roie-Yoolagh v'eh. Ec y traa shen, v'eh enmyssit **Blein Chonsyllys Marius as Flaccus** (ny, sloo mennick, **[[Ab urbe condita|blein 654 ''Ab urbe condita'']]**) as **Kied Vlein Tianhan**. Ta'n enmys 100 RC da'n vlein shoh er ny ve ymmydit voish y lhing vean-eashagh leah tra haink rey yn eaillere Anno Domini dy ve ny eaillere smoo lheeadagh 'syn Oarpey.

## Taghyrtyn
* Va shamyr ny caslyssyn boalley 'sy phyramid Mayagh ec San Bartolo, y Ghuatemaley, peintit.

## Ruggyryn
* Jool Kaesar, gineraal as politickeyr Raueagh (b. 44 RC)

## Baaseyn
* Gaius Servilius Glaucia, politickeyr Raueagh
* Lucius Appuleius Saturninus, politickeyr Raueagh
* Theodosius veih Bithynia, rollageyder as maddaghteyr Greagagh (r. c. 169 RC)
44 RC

**44 RC**, she blein jeh feaillere Yool Proleptagh v'eh. Ec y traa shen, v'eh enmyssit **Blein Chonsyllys [[Jool Kaesar|Yool Kaesar]] V as [[Markys Anthoin|Varkys Anthoin]]** (ny, sloo mennick, **[[Ab urbe condita|blein 710 ''Ab urbe condita'']]**). Ta'n enmys 44 RC da'n vlein shoh er ny ve ymmydit voish y lhing vean-eashagh leah tra haink rey yn eaillere Anno Domini dy ve ny eaillere smoo lheeadagh 'syn Oarpey.

## Taghyrtyn
* 15 Mayrnt &ndash; Haghyr dunverys Yool Kaesar, Jaghteyr y Raue, liorish possan dy hannadeyryn ghow stiagh Gaius Cassius Longinus, Marcus Junius Brutus, as Decimus Brutus.

## Ruggyryn
* Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, steateyr as kiannoort Raueagh (b. 20 BNJ)

## Baaseyn
* 15 Mayrnt &ndash; Jool Kaesar, politickeyr as gineraal Raueagh (r. 100 RC)
* 26 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Ptolemy XIV, ree (pharaoh) yn Egypt (date faggyssagh)
356 RC

**356 RC**, she blein jeh'n eaillere Raueagh roie-Yoolagh v'eh. Ec y traa shen, v'eh enmyssit **Blein Chonsyllys Ambustus as Laenas** (ny, sloo mennick, **[[Ab urbe condita|blein 398 ''Ab urbe condita'']]**). Ta'n enmys 356 RC da'n vlein shoh er ny ve ymmydit voish y lhing vean-eashagh leah tra haink rey yn eaillere Anno Domini dy ve ny eaillere smoo lheeadagh 'syn Oarpey.

## Taghyrtyn
* Haink Gaius Marcius Rutilus dy ve ny chied phleabagh dy ve reiht myr jaghteyr er y Raue.

## Ruggyryn
* 20/21 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Alistair Mooar, Ree yn Vassadoan (b. 323 RC)

## Baaseyn
* Chabrias, gineraal Atheenagh hooar baase ayns Chios
1549

**1549** (MDXLIX), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jemayrnt rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 29 Mayrnt &ndash; Va ard-valley Salvador da Bahia, y chied phreeu-valley jeh'n Vrasseel, bunnit lesh Tome de Sousa.
* 10 Sauin &ndash; Hooar Paab Paayl III baase as eh 81 vleeaney d'eash lurg 15 bleeaney myr y Paab.

## Ruggyryn
* 10 Mayrnt &ndash; Francis Solanus, sushtallagh as noo Spaainagh (b. 1610)
* 2 Sauin &ndash; Onnee yn Austeyr, Benrein y Spaainey (b. 1580)

## Baaseyn
* 7 Nollick &ndash; Robert Kett, irreyder-magh Sostynagh (currit gy baase)
Traghteyr spoyrt

Ayns scaalheaney spoyrt, ta **traghteyr spoyrt** kiarail traghtys ny coontys bio er gamman ny taghyrt 'syn emshir aaragh. She yn radio va'n chied vean da scaalheanaghyn spoyrt raad va ny traghteyryn radio cur sheese myn-choontyssyn er ny gammanyn ny ny taghyrtyn er-yn-oyr nagh vel ny clashtynee jargal jeeaghyn ad hene er. Ayns cooish traghtys spoyrt er y çhellveeish, ta ny traghteyryn çhebbal y traghtys myr goo choud's ta'n jalloo roie er scaailanyn y lught jeeaghyn as foddee sheeanyn y ghamman as veih'n lught jeeaghyn t'ayn y chlashtyn 'sy chooylrey. S'goan ta traghteyryn spoyrt ry-akin er y scaailan car taghyrt, agh ta moggylyn eigsoylagh taishbyney nyn draghteyryn er y çhamraig roish ny lurg y streeu ny ayns brishaghyn 'sy ghamman ny 'sy taghyrt.
Turning Red

She fillym contoyrtys Americaanagh veih'n vlein 2022 ta bioghit lesh co-earrooder eh ***Turning Red***. Va'n fillym gientit liorish Pixar Animation Studios as rheynnit ec Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. Va'n fillym stiurit ec Domee Shi as screeuit ec Julia Cho as Shi. T'eh goaill stiagh gooyn Rosalie Chiang, Sandra Oh, Ava Morse, Hyein Park, Maitreyi Ramakrishnan, Orion Lee, Wai Ching Ho, Tristan Allerick Chen, as James Hong.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
*
Golf

She spoyrt maidjey-as-bluckan eh **golf**. Ta cloiederyn y spoyrt, ta enmyssit **golfeyryn**, gymmydey maidjaghyn eigsoylagh dy woaill bluckan stiagh ayns straih dy huill er magher er y chooid sloo buillaghyn.

Neughollrish y chooid smoo jeh gammanyn bluckan, cha nel eaghtyr cloie stundayrtit ec y gholf, as lhisagh ny cloiederyn streeu rish ny thallooyn eigsoylagh ta ry-gheddyn er caghlaaghyn magher, red ta coontit myr ayrn ogheragh jeh'n ghamman. Er y chooid smoo, ta 9 ny 18 ''tuill'', ardjyn thalloo ta goaill stiagh *cappan*, y towl ta geddyn y bluckan. Ta golfeyryn goaill toshiaght rish dagh towl er boayl teeal, as goaill jerrey rish er faaie amas raad ta'n cappan soit. Shymmey cummey thallooin stundayrtit t'ayn eddyr y tee as yn amas, lheid as y foain mynlagh, y thalloo garroo (faiyr liauyr), as ymmodee ''gaueyn'' lheid as ushtey, creggyn, ny ''immyryn'' geinnee. Cha nel towl er magher golf gollrish towl elley rere y lhie-magh echey.

Ta golf cloiet er y chooid sloo buillaghyn lesh golfeyr, aght ta enmyssit cloie bwoallee, ny yn scensh sloo harrish y chooid smoo jegh tuill er lheh ayns slane cheayrt lesh golfeyr ny fwirran golfeyryn, aght ta enmyssit cloie towl. Ta cloie bwoallee cloiet foddey ny smoo ec dagh keim.

Va gamman noa-emshiragh y gholf bunnit 'sy 15oo eash ayns Nalbin. Va'n keayrt 18 tuill crooit ec yn Old Course ec Cill Rìmhinn ayns 1764. She The Open Championship, ny yn British Open, yn yl-chloie golf shinney 'sy theihll, as eh cloiet da'n chied cheayrt ayns 1860 ec Club Golf Preastabhaig ayns Coontae Inver Ayre, Nalbin. T'eh coontit myr nane jeh ny kiare feniaghtyssyn mooarey ayns golf keirdey ny fir: ta ny tree feniaghtyssyn elley, The Masters, yn U.S. Open, as yn PGA Championship, cloiet ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit.

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
* The R&A
* Isle of Man Golf Union
* USGA: United States Golf Association
* International Golf Federation (IGF)
Shakira

She arraneyder Colombagh ee **Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll** (ruggit er 2 Toshiaght Arree 1977). Hooar ee enney as foaynoo 'sy chiaull lurg skeaylley magh y trass albym eck *[[Pies Descalzos]]* (1995). 'Sy vlein 2001 ren ee skeaylley magh y chied albym seyrlann Baarlagh *[[Laundry Service]]*.

## Albymyn
### Albymyn seyrlann
* 1991 — Magia
* 1993 — Peligro
* 1995 — Pies Descalzos
* 1998 — Dónde Están los Ladrones?
* 2001 — Laundry Service
* 2005 — Fijación Oral, Vol. 1
* 2005 — Oral Fixation, Vol. 2
* 2009 — She Wolf
* 2010 — Sale el Sol
* 2014 — Shakira
* 2017 — El Dorado
* 2024 — Las Mujeres Ya No Lloran

### Albymyn live
* 2000 — MTV Unplugged
* 2004 — Live & off the Record
* 2007 — Oral Fixation Tour
* 2011 — Live from Paris
* 2019 — Shakira in Concert: El Dorado World Tour

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* 
*
Werner Heyn

She aa-ghunneyder spoyrt eh **Werner Heyn** (ruggit er 24 Boaldyn 1934). Ren eh co-streeu He competed in the raifyl 50 meadar, taghyrt er bolg ec Cloiaghyn Olympagh y Touree, 1968 da'n Ghermaan Hiar.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
* 
*
Gunneraght ec Cloiaghyn Olympagh y Touree, 1968 – raifyl 50 meadar mestit, er bolg

She taghyrt spoyrt gunneraght 'sy chlaare ghunneraght ec Cloiaghyn Olympagh y Touree va **raifyl 50 meadar mestit, er bolg**. Yn chied chloie jeig jeh'n taghyrt shoh, haghyr eh er 19 Jerrey Fouyir 1968 ec buill lhiggee ayns Caayr Veksico. Ren 86 gunneyderyn ass 46 ashoonyn co-streeu 'sy taghyrt.

## Eiyrtyssyn

## Imraaghyn
Peddyr III y Phortiugal

She Ree yn Phortiugal eddyr 24 Toshiaght Arree 1777 derrey laa e vaaish ayns 1786 va'n Dom **Peddyr III** (; 5 Jerrey Souree 1717 – 25 Boaldyn 1786). V'eh lhiass-enmyssit **y Troggeyder** as ren eh reirey myr co-reireyder lesh e ven heshee as e inneen vraarey, y Venrein Dona Maria I.

## Shennayraght

## Noteyn

## Imraaghyn
*
Thérèse y Rank

She ben-phrinse Frangagh va **Thérèse de France** (Marie Thérèse Félicité; 16 Boaldyn 1736 &ndash; 28 Mean Fouyir 1744). Er-yn-oyr dy nee inneen lesh y Ree Louisagh XV y Rank as Marie Leszczyńska v'ee, v'ee enmyssit ''fille de France''.

## Shennayraght

## Imraaghyn

## Lhaih neesht
* Zieliński, Ryszard (1978). *Polka na francuskim tronie.* Czytelnik.
Skaal etlagh

Ta **skaal etlagh** cur sheese er saagh etlagh lesh cummey jysk ny skaal echey. Ta'n ennym ymmydit dy chur sheese er red etlagh amreiltagh ennagh dy mennick. Ta'n ennym çheet ass **' y Vaarle, va kiaddit ayns 1947. Ta'n ennym UFO, ny [[saagh etlagh gyn enney]], ymmydit chammah. Ta'n ennym shen çheet ass **', ny UFO myr aa-gherrid, y Vaarle va kiaddit ec Forse Aer ny Steatyn Unnaneysit ayns 1952. Chur coontyssyn leah er "skaalyn etlagh" leah sheese orroo myr siyn argid ny meainagh, as ad coodit keayrtyn lesh soilshaghyn shiaullee ny cruinnit liorish soilshey lonragh, as ad crowal ny gleashagh dy tappee, lioroo hene ny ayns possanyn gloo lesh siyn cosoylagh, as taishbyney yn-arraghys feer ard.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
* Note lesh y Veoir FBI Er lheh Guy Hottel
Keir Starmer

She politickeyr as leighder Goaldagh eh **Keir Rodney Starmer** (ruggit er 7 Mean Fouyir 1962). V'eh reiht myr Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit ayns 2024, as t'eh er ny ve ny hoshiagh er Partee yn Lught Obbyr veih 2020 as Toshiagh y Chondaigys eddyr 2020 as 2024. She Oltey yn Pharlamaid (OP) eh da Holborn as St Pancras veih 2015, as, roish shen, v'eh ny Stiureyder da Shualyn Theayagh eddyr 2008 as 2013.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* 
*
Ileana D'Cruz

She ben-aghteyr Portiugagh va ruggit 'syn Injey ee **Ileana D'Cruz** (ruggit er 1 Sauin 1986). Er y chooid smoo, t'ee cloie ayns filmyn y Teloogooish, yn Hindish, as y Tamilish. V'ee ruggit ayns Mumbai, agh cheau ee yn chooid smoo jeh'n aegid eck ayns Goa. She fowder ram accolaidyn ee D'Cruz, goaill stiagh Aundyr Filmfare as Aundyr Filfare South.

Ren D'Cruz cloie er y scaailan hoshiaght ayns 2006 'sy fillym romansagh Teloogooish *[[Devadasu (fillym 2006)|Devadasu]]*, fillym va feer rahoil as chossyn j'ee Aundyr Filmfare South. Chur D'Cruz ish hene er bun myr ben-aghteyr mooar ayns scannaneaght y Teloogooish lesh filmyn rahoil lheid as *[[Pokiri]]* (2006), *[[Rakhi (fillym 2006)|Rakhi]]* (2006), *[[Munna (fillym 2007)|Munna]]* (2007), *[[Jalsa]]* (2008), *[[Kick (2009 fillym)|Kick]]* (2009), as *[[Julayi]]* (2012). Hooar ee enmyssaght da Aundyr Filmfare 'sy Teloogooish da *Pokiri*, *Jalsa*, as *Kick*. Eisht, ren ee cloie da'n chied cheayrt ayns scannaneaght y Tamilish lesh y fillym *[[Kedi (fillym 2006)|Kedi]]* (2006) as chloie ee ayns *[[Nanban (fillym 2012)|Nanban]]* (2012), fillym rahoil lesh Shankar.

Hoshee D'Cruz cloie ayns scannaneaght y Hindish ayns 2012 'sy drama-aittys *[[Barfi!]]* lesh Anurag Basu, raad chossyn ee Aundyr Filmfare da'n Çheet-magh Bwoirrin Share. Veih shen, t'ee er ny chloie y ven hoshee ayns filmyn rahoil lheid as *[[Main Tera Hero]]* (2014), *[[Rustom (s)cannane|Rustom]]* (2016), as *[[Raid (fillym 2018)|Raid]]* (2018).

Chammah's e coorse rahoil 'sy chloie, she dreeym-screeudeyr ee D'Cruz da cowraghyn as cooid. Ta D'Cruz poost rish Michael Dolan, as ta un vac oc.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* 
*
Hugo Distler

She organeyr, stiureyder cochiaullee, ynseyder, as cummeyder Germaanagh va **August Hugo Distler** (24 Mean Souree 1908 – 1 Sauin 1942).

## Bea as coorse
Va Distler ruggit ayns Nürnberg, as hie eh dys Scoill Chiaullee Leipzig eddyr 1927 as 1931, hoshiaght myr scollag stiuree lesh y phianney myr e nah chooish, agh eisht, er coyrle e ynseyder, ren eh ceaghley dys y chummey as yn organe. Ren eh studeyryssyn ayn marish marish Martienssen (pianney), Günther Ramin (organe), as Grabner (co-vingys).

Haink eh dy ve ny organeyr ec St. Jacobi ayns Lübeck ayns 1931. Ayns 1933 phoose eh rish Waltraut Thienhaus. Y vlein cheddin, hie eh stiagh 'syn NSDAP (Partee Soshiallagh Ashoonagh ny Labreeyn Germaanagh), dy neuarryltagh, er-yn-oyr dy row e obbyr croghey er. Ayns Jerrey Fouyir 1933 va Distler pointit myr kione rheynn y chiaull hamyragh ec Scoill Chiaullee Leipzig as, ec y traa cheddin, hoshee eh gynsaghey ec Spandauer Kirchenmusikschule (Scoill Chiaull Agglishagh Spandau).

Ayns 1937 va Distler pointit myr leaghteyr ec Hochschule für Musik Württemberg ayns Stuttgart, raad ren eh stiurey yn daa chor ayn. Ayns 1940 darree eh dys Berleen d'ynsaghey as dy stiurey ec y Hochschule für Musik ayn, as ayns 1942 v'eh enmyssit myr stiureyder y Chor Steat as Ard-çhiamble.

Haink eh dy ve ny s'groamey kyndagh rish baaseyn e chaarjyn, soiaghyn aeragh, lhiettrimyssyn va currit er e ynseeyn, ennaghtyn lhelysh, as y baggyrtys beayn jeh'n cho-eginaght stiagh 'sy *[[Wehrmacht]]*, reddyn haink dys y vullagh tra varr eh eh hene ayns Berleen as eh 34 bleeaney d'eash. 

## Imraaghyn
### Symnaghyn

### Farraneyn-fys

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* 
* .
* 

## Kianglaghyn magh
* 
* Hugo Distler (cummeyder) er ynnyd-eggey Bach Cantatas
William-Henri Schopfer

She fyshoayllee lossreeyn Elveeishagh va **William-Henri Schopfer** (8 Boaldyn 1900 – 19 Mean Souree 1962). Ren eh obbraghey ec Ollooscoill Berne raad ren eh scrutaghey currym vitamynyn ayns lossreeyn.

Va Schopfer ruggit ayns Yverdon lesh yn urriman Henry-Louis as Adele-Elisabeth née Hofer. Ren eh studeyrys er y vea-oaylleeaght ayns Génève fo Robert Chodat as, eisht, ren eh obbraghey marish Hans Kniep ayns Berleen, roish my door eh keim ollooaght veih Génève ayns 1928. Lurg shen, ren eh ynsaghey ec ard-scoill roish my jagh eh stiagh ayns Ollooscoill Berne. Tra v'eh ayn, v'eh gobbraghey er vitamynyn as y currym oc ayns lossreeyn. Haishbyn eh nagh row *[[Phycomyces]]* jargal beaghey gyn vitamyn B1.

## Imraaghyn
Étienne de La Boétie

She fer reill, classicagh, screeudeyr, feelee, as sheiltynagh politickagh Frangagh va **Étienne** ny **Estienne de La Boétie** (1 Sauin 1530 – 18 Luanistyn 1563). Ta enney share er kyndagh rish e chaarjys gloo as çhiu rish y screeudeyr traaght Michel de Montaigne. Va e traghtys politickagh leah, *[[Taggloo bentyn rish Deyrsnys Arryltagh]]*, doltit lurg e vaaish liorish ny gleashaght ny Hugenotee as t'eh coontit keayrtyn myr cummaght vooar er smooinaght noa-emshiraght noi-steatagh, flaunyssagh, as meeviallagh theayagh.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Teks er Wikisource 
*
Cabbal Hiasteenagh

Ta'n **Chabbal Hiasteenagh** (; ) ny cabbal 'sy Phlaase Ostyllagh, aarys oikoil y phaab ayns Ard-valley yn Phaab. Hoshiaght, v'eh enmyssit *Cappella Magna* ('y Chabbal Vooar'), agh t'eh geddyn e ennym noa-emshiragh ass Paab Sixtus IV, hrogg eh eddyr 1473 as 1481. Veih'n traa shen, t'eh er ny ve ny ynnyd da jannooyn crauee as paabagh oikagh. Jiu, she laaragh y chohionnal cardinaal paabagh, yn aght raad ta paab noa reiht. Ta ard-ghoo yn chabbal soit er y chooid smoo ayns ny frescoyn ta jesheenaghey yn çheusthie, farvoalley yn Chabbal Hiasteenagh as *[[Yn Briwnys Jerrinagh (Michelangelo)|Y Briwnys Jerrinagh]]* er lheh lesh Michelangelo.

Car reirey Sixtus IV, ren fwirran dy pheinteyryn yn Aaruggyr goaill stiagh Sandro Botticelli, Pietro Perugino, Pinturicchio, Domenico Ghirlandaio, as Cosimo Rosselli, croo straih dy frescoyn cur sheese er *Bea Moses* as *Bea Chreest*, lesh cochaslyssyn paabagh çheu heose as eaddagh *[[trompe-l'œil]]* çheu heese. Va'd jeant ayns 1482, as er 15 Luanistyn 1483 ren Sixtus IV kelloorey yn chied erin 'sy Chabbal Hiasteenagh da Laa'l Moirrey Toshee, erin ren casherickey as çhymnaghey yn chabbal da Moirrey.

Eddyr 1508 as 1512, fo patroonys yn Phaab Yool II, ren Michelangelo peinteil farvoalley yn chabbal, shalee chur dy mooar stiagh ayns coorse ellyn y Neear as t'eh coontit myr nane jeh ny cooilleenaghyn ellynagh smoo ayns ard-veenid deiney. Ayns earish pholitickagh elley, lurg Spooilley yn Raue, haink eh er-ash as, eddyr 1535 as 1541, ren eh peinteil *Y Briwnys Jerrinagh* da ny Paabyn Clement VII as Paayl III. Ta ard-ghoo cochaslyssyn Michaelangelo tayrn ymmodee dy leih dys y chabbal veih nyn voshley queig eashyn er-dy-henney.

## Imraaghyn
### Symnaghyn

### Farraneyn-fys

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## Kianglaghyn magh

* Vatican Museums Online: Sistine Chapel  &ndash; Turrys cruinn soylagh jeh ny frescoyn as ny pannylyn
* Turrys soylagh eddyr-obbragh jeh'n Chabbal Hiasteenagh 
* BBC News: Sistine Chapel Restored (1999)
Glion ny Reeghyn

She glion 'syn Egypt eh **Glion ny Reeghyn** ( ;   ), ny **Glion Ghiatyn ny Reeghyn** ( ),). Veih'n 16oo dys y 11d eash RC, va tommanyn troggit ayn da ny pharaohyn as yn ooashlaght.

Ta'n glion soit er broogh heear y Neel çheu hoal veih Luxor. Shymmey peiagh ta oanluckit ayn, goaill stiagh:

*Thutmose I
*Hatshepsut
*Thutmose III
*Tutankhamun
*Seti I
*Ramesses II

Ta'n glion coontit myr nane jeh ny laaraghyn shenndaaleeagh smoo scanshoil er y theihll. Ayns 1979, haink eh dy ve ny Laare Eiraght Dowanagh, cur liorish y Ruillick Hebagh. Ta ronsaghey, toghailt, as freayltys foast taghyrt ayn 'sy ghlion, as er y gherrid va laare turrysid foshlid ayn.

## Imraaghyn
### Symnaghyn

### Farraneyn-fys

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## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
*
Comaid Mooar 1680

She **C/1680 V1**, ta enmyssit **Comaid Mooar 1680**, **Comaid Kirch**, as **Comaid Newton** chammah, yn chied chomaid va feddynit magh lesh fodreayrtan. V'eh feddynit maghh lesh y rollageyder Germaanagh Gottfried Kirch er 14 Sauin 1680 (Aght Noa), ayns Coburg, as haink eh dy ve ny chomaid s'gilley 'sy shiaghtoo eash jeig, ry-akin ec y tooill car y laa as ard-ghooagh kyndagh rish yn arbyl liauyr echey. Hie eh shaghey yn Dowan ec 0.42 au er 30 Sauin 1680, as hie eh liorish perihelion feer-ghloo er 0.0062 au (930,000 km; 580,000 mi) er 18 Nollick 1680, raad ren eh roshtyn e hollyssid s'gilley er 29 Nollick as eh cassey magh. Va shilley currit er da'n cheayrt jerrinagh er 19 Mayrnt 1681. Ta JPL Horizons taishbyney dy vel amm cruinlagh bailaaragh er 10,000 bleeaney ec y chomaid. Roish 2023, ta'n comaid soit mysh 259 au (39 billoonyn km) veih'n Ghrian.

Choud's va Comaid Kirch 1680–1681 feddynit lesh – as enmyssit ass – Gottfried Kirch, lhisagh daill va currit da Eusebio Kino, y saggyrt Yeeseynagh Spaainagh chur sheese bollagh y chomaid. Car yn immeeaght voal echey dys Meksico, hoshee Kino jannoo baghtyn er y chomaid ayns Cádiz ayns 1680 jeianagh. Tra ren eh roshtyn Caayr Veksico, hoilshee eh magh e obbyr *Exposición astronómica de el cometa* (Coontys Rollageydyagh er y Chomaid; Caayr Veksico, 1681) raad hebb eh e eddynyssyn. Ta *Exposición astronómica* lesh Kino coontit myr nane jeh ny traghtyssyn oaylleeagh s'leah lesh Oarpagh 'sy Theihll Noa.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
* Comaid Mooar 1680 harrish Rotterdam (APOD 28 Jerrey Fouyir 2013)
Gottfried Kirch

She rollageyder Germaanagh va **Gottfried Kirch** (**Kirche** chammah, **Kirkius**; 18 Nollick 1639 – 25 Jerrey Souree 1710). She eshyn va'n chied "Rollageyder Reeoil" ayns Berleen as, myr shen, v'eh ny stiureyder er Reayrtlann Verleen aeg. Ayns 1679, ren eh ynlaghey mynveih chassee da towshanyn rollageydagh as ayns 1680, ren eh feddyn magh Comaid Mooar 1680.

## Imraaghyn
Fodreayrtan

Ta **fodreayrtan** çheet er saase ta ymmydit dy akin reddyn foddey voin rere y cur-magh, y soo, ny yn aahoilshaghey oc jeh'n ghoulraght lectro-vagnaidagh. Hoshiaght, she greie hooilley v'eh va gymmydey sooillagyn, scaaneyn cruillit, ny covestey jeh'n red shen dy chur shilley er reddyn foddey voin – ny fodreayrtan sooilley. Jiu, ta'n fockle "fodreayrtan" ymmydit da ram saaseyn as ad jargal cronnaghey ardjyn eigsoylagh jeh'n spectrum lectro-vagnaidagh, as ayns cooishyn er lheh, sorçhyn dy vrahderyn elley.

Va ny chied odreayrtanyn obbree nyn vodreayrtanyn aascellagh lesh sooillagyn as v'ad ynlit 'sy Çheer Injil ec toshiaght y 17oo eash. V'ad ymmydit da ymmydyn thallooinagh as da'n rollageydys.

Va'n chied odreayrtan aahoilshee, ta gymmydey scaaneyn ta haglym as dy yeeraghey yn sollysh, ynlit ayns kuse veg dy yeihaghtyn lurg y chied odreayrtan aascellagh.

'Sy 20oo eash, va ram sorçhyn jeh fodreayrtanyn noa ynlit, goaill stiagh y fodreayrtan radio ayns ny 1930yn as y fodreayrtan fo-yiarg ayns ny 1960yn.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*''Galileo to Gamma Cephei – The History of the Telescope'' 
*''The Galileo Project – The Telescope'' lesh Al Van Helden
*
*Outside the Optical: Other Kinds of Telescopes
*
The Verdict of the Heart

She fillym tostagh Goaldagh veih'n vlein 1915 eh ***The Verdict of the Heart*** (Baarle son "Briwnys y Chree". V'eh stiurit lesh Wilfred Noy.

## Skimmee
* Barbara Conrad 
* Frank Royde 
* Harry Welchman

## Imraaghyn

## Farraneyn-fys
* Low, Rachael. *History of the British Film, 1914-1918*. Routledge, 2005.

## Kianglaghyn magh
*
Wilhelm Breitenstein

She diploamagh Finnlynnagh va **Frederik Wilhelm Breitenstein** (17 Boaldyn 1933 – 6 Mean Souree 2005) va ny ambasseydeyr as ny Ynnydagh Beayn er son Finnlynn ayns ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit veih 1991 derrey 1998.

She Mainshter Leigh v'eh veih Ollooscoill Helsink. Veih 1968 derrey 1972 she Lhiass Ynnydagh Beayn er son Finnlynn da Co-heshaght Dellal Seyr Oarpagh ayns Génève as ayns 1972 v'eh pointit myr Shirveishagh Coonseilagh  as myr Lhiass Ynnydagh Beayn er son Finnlynn dys ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit ayns York Noa. Ayns 1978, v'eh ny hoshiagh er y Rheynn Cho-obbraghey Lhiassaghey ayns Shirveishaght Cooishyn Joarree ayns Helsinki. V'eh ny ambasseyder da'n Reagheydys cour Shickyrys as Co-obbraghey 'syn Oarpey eddyr 1983 as 1991.

Lurg dirree eh ass, ren eh shirveish myr coyrleyder da'n chlaare "Ooill ry-hoi Bee" lesh yn AU.

## Imraaghyn
Josef Tauchner

She troggal meihaghyn Austeyragh va **Josef Tauchner** (10 Toshiaght Arree 1929 – 17 Jerrey Souree 1983). Ren eh cohirrey ec Cloiaghyn Olympagh y Touree, 1952, Cloiaghyn Olympagh y Touree, 1956, as Cloiaghyn Olympagh y Touree, 1960.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
*
Rheynnyn reiragh Ghreenlynn

Ta Greenlynn rheynnit magh ayns queig baljaghtyn  Avannaata, Kujalleq, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, as Sermersooq  chammah's y phairk vooar, Pairk Ashoonagh Ghreenlynn Hiar Hwoaie nagh vel cochorpit. Ta Bunvoayl Spoar Pituffik reirit lesh Forse Spoar ny Steatyn Unnaneysit as t'eh goll er obbraghey myr croa ta cruinnit liorish Avannaata.

## Baljaghtyn

## Shennaghys
Hoshiaght, va Greelynn rheynnit magh eddyr y daa choloin Greenlynn Hwoaie, lesh e phreeu-valley ec Qeqertarsuaq (shenn-ennym Godhavn), as Greenlynn Yiass, lesh e phreeu-valley ec Nuuk (shenn-ennym Godthaab). V'ad stiurit liorish scruteyryn derrey 1924, tra va ny h-oikee yrjit nyn giannoortyn. Va ny coloinyn unnaneyssit ayns 1940 as reirey yn thalloo scughit dys Godthaab.

Ayns 1953, ren refrane bunraght as eash reihyssagh y Danvarg, 1953|bunraght]] Danvargagh noa ardjaghey Greenlynn dys slane olteynys çheusthie jeh Rheaym y Danvarg, goaill stiagh seyraanaght Ghanvargagh.

### Rheynnyn as y phairk ashoonagh
Ry-hoi cooishyn staddyssaghtoil as reillagh, va'n çheer rheynnit magh ayns tree rheynnyn (*landsdele*) ayns 1951: Greenlynn Heear, Greenlynn Hwoaie, as Greenlynn Hiar. Va Pairk Ashoonagh Ghreenlynn Hiar Hwoaie bunnit ayns 1974, goaill stiagh ayrn hwoaie Ghreenlynn Hiar as lhiassit lesh tooilley yn ayrn hiar jeh Greenlynn Hwoaie ayns 1988.

Lesh çheet y Reill Thie ayns 1979, va ny h-enmyn shen *Greenlynnit* dys Kitaa, Tunu, as Avannaa er lheh. Roish 2008, va 15 baljaghtyn ayns Kitaa, 2 ayns Tunu, as 1 ayns Avannaa.

### Baljaghtn
Ayns 1908, va Greenlynn rheynnit magh ayns 63 baljaghtyn lesh coonseilyn baljagh reiht. Lurg y phaase jeianit ayns ny 1950yn, va ny baljaghtyn shen mestit ry-cheilley as roish 1979 cha row faagit agh 18 baljaghtyn.

Ren yn aachroo strughtooragh ayns 2008&ndash;09 croo kiare baljaghtyn ny smoo. Mastey ny baljaghtyn shen, va'n fer smoo, Qaasuitsup Kommunia, rheynnit magh er 1 Jerrey Geuree 2018 ayns ny baljaghtyn noa Avannaata as Qeqertalik.

#### Kitaa (Greenlynn Heear)

Ayrn yiass:
*Baljaght Nanortalik
*Baljaght Qaqortoq
*Baljaght Narsaq
*Baljaght Ivittuut
*Baljaght Paamiut
Ayrn meanagh:
*Baljaght Nuuk
*Baljaght Maniitsoq
*Baljaght Sisimiut
*Baljaght Kangaatsiaq
*Baljaght Aasiaat
*Baljaght Qasigiannguit
*Baljaght Ilulissat
*Baljaght Qeqertarsuaq
Ayrn hwoaie:
*Baljaght Uummannaq
*Baljaght Upernavik

#### Tunu (Greenlynn Hiar)
*Baljaght Ammassalik
*Baljaght Ittoqqortoormiit 
*Pairk Ashoonagh Ghreenlynn Hiar Hwoaie (ayrn yiass) (neuchorpit)

#### Avannaa (Greenlynn Hwoaie)
*Baljaght Qaanaaq
*Bunvoayl Aer Thule (Pituffik) (neuchorpit)

## Jeeagh er neesht

*KANUKOKA, coonseil leeideiltys ny baljaghtyn
*Aarheynnyn ny çheeraghyn Nordagh
*ISO 3166-2:GL
*ISO 3166-2:DK

## Imraaghyn
Kepler-452b

She planaid neughrianagh jeh'n torçh sur-Chruinney eh **Kepler-452b** (ta enmyssit myr *y Dowan 2.0* ny *planaid mooinjerey yn Dowan* er bun e hroyn; as er enney chammah fo'n enmyssey KOI *KOI-7016.01*). T'eh cruinlaghey çheusthie jeh oirr sthie yn chryss yn-vaghey jeh'n rollage Kepler-452, ta gollrish y Ghrian ain. she eshyn ta'n ynrican planaid 'sy chorys va feddynit magh ec fodreayrtan spoar Kepler. T'eh soit mysh 1,400 sollys-vleeantyn (430 pc) veih'n Dowan ayns co-hollys rollageagh yn Ollay.

Ta Kepler-452b cruinlaghey e rollage 1.04 AU (156 millioonyn km; 97 millioonyn mi) voee (begnagh unnane as foddeeaght yn Dowan veih'n Ghrian), lesh amm cruinlagh er mysh 385 laaghyn, lesh glout queig keayrtyn ny smoo na'n Dowan er y chooid sloo, as craue raadeeoil mysh 1.5 cheayrt craue raadeeoil yn Downa. She eshyn y chied hur-Chruinney creggagh, foddee, va feddynit magh as eh cruinlaghey çheusthie jeh cryss yn-vaghey jeh rollage gollrish y Ghrian ain. Ansherbee, cha nel fys ain my vel eh ny phlanaid yn-vaghey er-yn-oyr dy vel eh geddyn beggan ny smoo bree veih e rollage ny ta'n Dowan geddyn veih'n Ghrian as foddee dy vel eiyrtys ribbey çhiass er çhea currit da.

Chur fodreayrtan spoar Kepler fys er y phlanaid da'n chied cheart, as va'n feddynys fogrit magh liorish NASA er 23 Jerrey Souree 2015. Ec bieauid y taagh spoar *[[New Horizons]]* ta gleashaght er 59,000 km/h (16,000 m/s; 37,000 mph), ghoghe saagh spoar mysh 30 millioonyn dy vleeantyn dy roshtyn y planaid.

## Imraaghyn
Birgitta Stenberg

She ughtar, çhyndaader, as daahder Soolynnagh va **Birgitta Alma Sofia Stenberg** (26 Averil 1932 &ndash; 23 Luanistyn 2014). Feie ram bleeantyn, ren ee beaghey er ellan Åstol ayns Bohuslän.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
*Ynnyd-eggey oikoil 
*
Ania Karwan

She arraneyder, cummeyder, lyreagh, as ben-aghteyr Polynnagh ee **Anna Magdalena Karwan** (ruggit er 6 Nollick 1985 ayns Łaszczów).

V'ee coontit mastey ny cloiederyn kione-chloie jeh'n çhiaghtoo lheiggan jeh'n chlaare schleie *[[The Voice of Poland]]* lesh TVP2 ayns 2016. Chossyn ee aundyr "Premiery" ec y 56oo Feailley Ashoonagh yn Arraneys Polynnagh ayns Opole ayns 2019. Ta daa albym seyrlann lioree hene er ny skeaylley magh eck: *[[Ania Karwan (albym)|Ania Karwan]] (2019) as *Swobodnie'' (2023).

## Kianglaghyn magh
*