Williamina Fleming

She rollageyder Albinagh va **Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming** (15 Boaldyn 1857 – 21 Boaldyn 1911). Ec Reayrtlann Cholleish Harvard, chur ee rish rang-oardraghey fografagh spectrumyn rollageagh, red chur rush lhiasaghey corys enmyssee cadjin da rollageyn. Chur Fleming sheese ayns catalogyn ny smoo na jeih thousane dy rollageyn, 59 neeal gassagh, ny smoo na 310 rollage chaghlaaee, as 10 rollage noa, mastey phenomenonyn rollageydagh elley. Ta feddynys Neeal y Ching Chabbil 'sy vlein 1888 treishtit j'ee, as she cooidjeyder tuarastyllys ny mraane 'sy vagher eck v'ee.

## Bea leah
Va Williamina Paton Stevens ruggit ayns Dùn Dèagh, Nalbin, at 86 Nethergate, er 15 Boaldyn 1857 lesh Mary Walker as Robert Stevens, giarreyder as airheyder. She nane ass shey dy chloan v'ee. Hie e shuyr b'aa, Johanna Stevens, dy obbraghey ec Reayrtlann Cholleish Harvard chammah. Goaill toshiaght as ee 14 bleeaney d'eash, hie ee dy obbraghey myr ynseyder-scollag.'Sy vlein 1877, phoose ee rish James Orr Fleming, coontysseyr as dooinney treoghe ass Dùn Dèagh chammah. Va un vac ec y chubbyl, Edward P. Fleming.

## Coorse bea
'Sy vlein 1878, as ee 21 vlein d'eash, darree ee as e dooinney sheshee dys Boston, Massachusetts, ny Steatyn Unnaneysit. Erreish da ren e dooinney sheshee treigeil ee as e mac aeg, hie ee dy obbraghey myr ben harvaant ayns thie yn Olloo Edward Charles Pickering, stiureyder Reayrtlann Cholleish Harvard (RCH). Ren ben heshee Pickering, Elizabeth, coyrlaghey dy row schleiyn ec Williamina harrish ny h-ellynyn thieoilagh as moiragh, as 'sy vlein 1879, daill Pickering Fleming dy stiurey obbyr reiragh phaart-emshiragh ec y reayrtlann.

'Sy vlein 1881, chur Pickering cuirrey formoil da Fleming dy gholl stiagh 'sy RCH as dynsee eh j'ee kys spectrumyn rollageagh dy vynscrutaghey. Haink ee dy ve coontit mastey bun-olteynyn ny Harvard Computers ("Co-earrooderyn Harvard"), caidrey dy cho-earrooderyn deiney va jeant slane dy vraane as va failt dy cho-earroo rang-oardraghyn maddaghtoil as dy reaghey clouyn y reayrtlann.

### Catalog Henry Draper, 1886
'Sy vlein 1886, ghow Mary Anna Draper, ben treoghe verçhagh y rollageyder Henry Draper, toshiaght rish Cooinaght Henry Draper dy hroggal argid da ronsaght yn RCH. Myr freggyrt, hoshee yn RCH gobbraghey er y chied lhieggan jeh Catalog Henry Draper, shalee foddey-çhiarrymagh dy gheddyn ny spectrumyn shilleydagh veih wheesh rollageyn as va lowit as dy chlaaraghey as dy rang-oardraghey rollageyn rere spectrumyn.

Va freggyrtys shalee Chatalog Draper currit da Fleming. Ansherbee, daase meechoardailys ayn bentyn rish rang-oardraghey ny rollageyn tammylt beg ny yei. Ghow Nettie Farrar toshiaght rish y vynscrutaghey, agh dirree ee ass reggyry dy veeghyn ny s'anmey dy phoosey. Ren Antonia Maury moylley skeim rang-oardraghey cramp. Er y laue elley, va Fleming shirrey bollagh jeeragh aashagh.

Va ny jallooyn s'noa lesh Reayrtlann Cholleish Harvard cummal spectrumyn fotografit jeh rollageyn va sheeyney stiagh 'sy rheam erskyn-ghorrym, red chur rish rang-oardraghyn ny s'cruinn na recortyssey na spectrumyn er laueyn trooid greie 'syn oie. Chum Fleming corys &ndash; corys Pickering&ndash;Fleming &ndash; da rang-oardraghey rollageyn rere mooadys conastagh y hiddragien va fakinit ayns ny spectrumyn oc. Va rollageyn va taishbyney dy nee hiddragien y bun-stoo s'palçhey rang-oardit myr rollageyn A; adsyn va taishbyney dy nee hiddragien y nah vun-stoo s'palçhey, v'ad rang-oardit myr rollageyn B; as myr shen.

Ny s'anmey, ren e co-obbree Annie Jump Cannon aa-reaghey yn corys rang-oardraghey dy ve bunnit er çhiassid eaghtyragh ny rollageyn, red vunnee corys spectragh Harvard ta foast ymmydit jiu.

'Sy vlein 1890, hoilshee yn RCH y chied lhieggan jeh Catalog Henry Draper kyndagh rish bleeantyn d'obbyr lesh fwirran ny co-earrooderyn bwoirrin. Va'n catalog shen jeant seose jeh ny smoo 10,000 rollage as ad rang-oardit rere y spectrum oc. Ren Fleming y vooar chooid jeh ny rang-oardraghyn shen. Chammah's shen, chur Fleming sheese bun da cosoylaght ny plaityn recortyssee rere rang-oardraghey thousaneyn dy fotografyn rere fodreayrtan as fysseree enney elley. 'Sy vlein 1898, v'ee pointit myr Curmeyder ny Fotografyn Rollageydagh ec Harvard, y chied ven dy row pointit da'n churrym shen.

Ec Feailley yn Dowan ayns Chicago 'sy vlein 1893, voyll Fleming er son mraane elley ayns ny h-oaylleeaghtyn 'sy loayrtys eck "*A Field for Woman's Work in Astronomy*" ("Magher da Obbyr ny Mraane 'sy Rollageydys"), raad ren ee ardjaghey faill ny cooneyderyn bwoirrin 'sy rollageydys. Chur e loayrtys sannish rish y choardailys lhee rish eie injillid nyr mraane, agh ec y traa cheddin v'ee smooinaghtyn dy dod ad ve nyn gochorrymee my vees ny smoo caaghyn oc; ayns focklyn elley, va ny caghlaaghyn keintyssagh bunnit er y chultoor as chan er y vea-oaylleeaght.

### Feddynyssyn ardghooagh
Car e coorse bea, ren Fleming feddyn magh 59 neeal, ny smoo na 310 rollage chaghlaaee, as 10 rollage noa. T'eh coontey Neeal y Ching Chabbil as V Persei ny mast'oc

'Sy vlein 1888, ren Fleming feddyn magh Neeal y Ching Chabbil er plait fodreayrtan-fotogrameadraght va jeant lesh y rollageyder W. H. Pickering, braar lesh E. C. Pickering. Chur ee sheese dy row "jingey lieh-chiarkylagh 5 minnid er crantessen as 30 minnid çheu yiass veih Zeta Orionis" ec y neeal gial (va enmyssit ny s'anmey myr IC 434). Cha ren clouyn keirdey ny yei cur treisht da Fleming son y feddynys shen. Lhig y chied lhieggan jeh Catalog Ayndagh Dreyer shaghey ennym Fleming veih rolley ny contoyrtyssee as hug ad y slane obbyr gys lieh "Pickering." Ansherbee, roish soilshaghey magh y nah lhieggan jeh Catalog Ayndagh Dreyer 'sy vlein 1908, va enney mie ec Flaming as e co-obbreeyn ec y RCH as hooar ad treisht chiart son nyn feddynyssyn.

Chammah's shen, ta feddynys y chied chrivassan bane treishtit da Fleming:

'Sy vlein 1910, hoilshee Fleming magh e feddynys jeh rollageyn crivassanagh bane. Ta e clouyn ardghooagh elley goaill stiagh *A Photographic Study of Variable Stars* (1907), rolley 222 rollage chaghlaaee va feddynit magh eck; as *Spectra and Photographic Magnitudes of Stars in Standard Regions* (1911).

Haink ee dy ve ny seyraanagh Americaanagh 'sy vlein 1907.

Hooar ee baase veih'n niumoan ayns Boston er 21 Boaldyn 1911, as ee 54 bleeaney d'eash.

## Onnoryn
* Oltey Heshaght Rollageydys as Fishig Rollageagh America as Heshaght Rollageydys y Rank
* Oltey onnoroil Heshaght Reeoil y Rollageydys ayns Lunnin 'sy vlein 1906, y chied ven Americaanagh dy ve reiht da
* Boyn Guadalupe Almendaro lesh Sheshaght Rollageydys Veksico son e feddynys jeh rollageyn noa
* Sheshey-oltey onnoroil Cholleish Wellesley
* Er ny chelloorey er Raad Mraane Dùn Dèagh

## Eiraght
* Ta'n slogh cruinn eayst Fleming enmyssit assjee as ass Alexander Fleming
* Ta'n roltageagh 5747 Williamina enmyssit assjee.

## Noteyn

## Imraaghyn

## Lhaih neesht

*
*

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Waldee, S. R.; Hazen, M. L. (Sauin 1990). *The discovery of early photographs of the Horsehead nebula.* Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 102: 1337  
* The Horsehead Nebula in the 19th Century, by Waldee (er ny hashtey)
* Cannon, Annie J. (Sauin 1911). *Williamina Paton Fleming.* The Astrophysical Journal. 34: 314.  
* Rolley lioaryn veih Sheshaght Rollageydys y Cheayn Sheealtagh
* Project Continua: Biography of Williamina Paton Fleming She saase yl-veanagh bunnit er yn eddyr-voggyl eh Project Continua ta jeerit da crooaght as freayltys shennaghys toiggaltagh ny mraane veih'n eanish s'leah dys y 21d eash.
* Sonreeaghtyn Ruggyree as Baaish veih ScotlandsPeople : Statutory Birth Record 282/02/0700; Statutory Marriage Record 282/03/0098

### Fograghyn baaish
*