open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Yn Affrick Hwoaie

Ta'n **Affrick Hwoaie** ny **Twoaie ny h-Affrick** çheet er y chooid my hwoaie jeh'n Affrick ta kianglt liorish y Tahara rish yn Affrick Fo-Haharagh. Rere y pholitickaght heer-oaylleeagh, ta ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit cur hoght çheeraghyn as thallooyn stiagh 'syn Affrick Hwoaie: yn Algear, yn Egypt, y Leeb, y Varoc, y Toodaan, y Tooneesh, as y Sahara Heear. Ta'n Algear, y Varoc, y Tooneesh, y Leeb as y Varitaan coontit myr y **Maghreb**, as ta'n Egypt as y Toodaan coontit myr Glion ny Neel.

## Çheer-oaylleeaght

Ta ny Sleityn Atlasagh, ta sheeyney magh harrish cooid vooar jeh'n Varoc, twoaie ny h-Algear as ny Tooneesh, nyn gooid jeh corys ny sleityn fillit ta roie harrish cooid vooar jeh'n Oarpey Yiass. T'ad goll er cleayney 'sy jiass as 'sy niar as cummey steip orroo roish çheet ry-cheilley oc rish faasagh y Tahara ta coodaghey 75% jeh eaghtyr yn ard. Ta drundin y Tahara ny lhie erskyn ard-chlaare henndeeagh ta jeant seose jeh creg chrystallagh as reih jeh ny shinney na kiare billioon bleeaney d'eash.

She glionteeyn fastee ayns ny Sleityn Atlasagh, Glion ny Neel as y deltey eck, as coose ny Meanvooir bun yn eirinys 'syn ard. Ta arraghys vir goaill stiagh grineyn, reise as cadee, as aamaidyn lheid as sedar as corc, goll er lhiasaghey. Ta bir veanvooiragh lheid as yn olive, y fig, y date as messyn kidragh goll er lhiasaghey chammah. She ard feer troaragh Glion ny Neel as ta'n chooid smoo jeh pobble ny h-Egypt as ny Soodaan cummal faggys da'n awin. Ayns buill elley s'mooar yn scansh ta currit er yn ushtaghey laue-jeant dy chooney lesh yn eirinys.

## Thallooyn as ardjyn

## Imraaghyn
Rhisiart Tal-e-bot

She far-ennym ta currit er immeeaghtagh politickagh jeh'n çheu chlee ass Abertridwr, Caerffili, Bretyn, eh **Rhisiart Tal-e-bot** (ruggit er 18 Toshiaght Arree 1975). She oltey jeh Partee Cummynagh y Vretyn Vooar as Partee ny Labreeyn Soshiallagh v'eh ayns ny bleeantyn leah. Tammylt ny yei ren eh çheughey rish politickaght ny scarreydee as ny meegra-ardjynee. Ta Tal-e-bot loayrt er feie'n Oarpey er son y scarreydaght liorish politickaght enney 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, 'sy Spaainey, 'sy Rank, 'sy Velg, 'sy Çheer Injil, 'sy Phobblaght Çheck as ayns çheeraghyn elley.

Ren Tal-e-bot goaill commee lesh Plaid Cymru roish ren eh arraghey magh gys Sostyn er son yn ynsagh s'yrjey. 'Sy vlein 1999 ren hoshee eh goaill commee 'sy Chommeeys Celtiagh. Lurg yn aa-hoiaghey echey hoshee eh goaill commee lesh y phartee ardjynagh Mebyon Kernow. Myrane lesh shen, t'eh er goaill paart lesh Aegid Chochaarjys Seyr ny h-Oarpey veih'n vlein 2003 as lesh Kernow X veih'n vlein 2007. Gyn y wooise dy vel eh cassey ayns politickaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, v'eh er ve cummal 'sy Spaainey veih'n vlein 2005 raad t'eh gobbraghey myr fer ynsee da paitçhyn derrey yn vlein 2009 tra ren eh scughey gys y Chorn myr leaghteyr.
Çheer ny Aeg

She fer jeh ny Neuheillyn smoo ennoil ayns feayn-skeealleydaght Nerin ee **Çheer ny Aeg** ny **Çheer nyn Aeg** (veih  y Çhenn Yernish; ). She skeeal Oshin, fer jeh kuse veg dy varvaanee ren cummal ayn, y skeeal smoo ennoil mastey skeealyn Heer ny Aeg. 'Sy skeeal shen t'eh raait dy row eh currit gys y Çheer shen liorish Niau Folt Airhey. By ayn ren Tuatha Dé Danann cummal tra ren ad faagail eaghtyr Nerin, as ren fir jeh fenee Nerin keayrt gys y Çheer shen. Ta cosoyllaght vooar ayn eddyr Çheer ny Aeg as thallooyn feayn-skeealleydagh Yernagh elley lheid as Mag Mell as Ablach.

V'eh er credjal dy row Çheer ny Aeg soit çheu hoal jeh ymmyl y theihll foddey magh er ellan 'sy neear. My row deiney laccal goll gys yn ellan shen v'eh orroo goll er turrys doccaragh ny cuirrey y gheddyn veih fer jeh ny ferrishyn va cummal ayn. Ren fenee as maynaghyn keayrt er yn ellan ayns skeealyn ny h-*[[echtra]]e* (contoyrtyssyn) as ny h-*[[immram]]a* va feer ennoil car ny Mean Eashyn. Cha nee boayl da'n theihll ry-heet v'ayn ayns Çheer ny Aeg, agh sorçh dy 'launys raad va deiney farghooghyssagh cummal. Cha row aacheoid ny baase ry-gheddyn 'syn ellan shen. By voayl yn aegid veayn as yn aalid v'ayn. By ayns shen haink kiaull, troshid, bea, as dagh shelg taitnyssagh ry-cheilley. Ta cosoyllaghtyn mooar ayn eddyr Çheer ny Aeg as Magheryn Eleeysagh ny Greagee ny Valhalla ny Loghlynee, ga dy row anchaslyssyn mooarey er lheh ayn.

Ta paart mooar ec Çheer ny Aeg ayns skeeal Oshin as Niau Folt Airhey. Ta'n jees oc goll gys Çheer ny Aeg er cabbyl druiaghtagh as y cabbyl shen jargal roie er eaghtyr yn ushtey. T'ad tannaghtyn ayns Çheer ny Aeg er feie tammylt beg, agh fy yerrey s'mooar y feme er filley er Nerin e chaarjyn y 'akin. Ta Oshin tuittym stiagh 'sy dooghid tra t'eh feddyn magh nagh row eh ayns Çheer ny Aeg er feie un vlein agh er feie tree keead bleeaney rere tra Nerin. T'eh filley er Nerin er cabbyl druiaghtagh Niau lesh raaue voee: ny lhig da ny cassyn bentyn y thalloo er nonney huittagh eash ny tree keeadyn bleeaney er dy siyragh. Tra t'eh er roshtyn dys Nerin t'eh feddyn magh dy vel dagh fer jeh ny Fenee marroo. Tra t'eh er e cham-cheayrt ta kuse veg d'ir geearree er cooney lhieu clagh vooar y scughey. Agh, tra t'eh croymmey sheese t'eh tuittym er y thalloo as t'eh jeant ny henn-dooinney er y chooyl. Roish da baase y gheddyn t'eh ginsh y skeeal echey da Perick Noo. 

## Imraaghyn
Mebyon Kernow

She partee politickagh ta bunnit 'sy Chorn, 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit eh **Mebyon Kernow** (**MK**; Cornish son *Mec ny Corn*). Da'n chooid smoo ta'n partee troddan er son jee-veanaghey ny Corn as cur er bun Çhionnal ny Corn myrane lesh y deynlaghys soshiallagh as coadey yn çhymmyltaght.

Va'n partee bunnit 'sy vlein 1951 myr possan bree as ec y toshiaght v'eh jeant seose jeh sheerloayreyderyn as politickeyryn veih ram parteeghyn elley. By ee Helena Charles y chied leeideilagh er y phartee. Va'n possan jeant ny phartee politickagh ayns ny 1970yn, as veih'n lhing shen ta ram shirreyderyn er ny gholl er shirrey reihys 'sy Vannishter Heear as 'sy Pharlamaid Oarpagh as ayns reihyssyn ynnydagh 'sy Chorn.

Ta'n partee ny oltey jeh Cochaarjys Seyr ny h-Oarpey as ta kianglaghyn echey rish Plaid Cymru, Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey as Unnaneys Deynlagh ny Britaan. Ec y traa t'ayn ta queig cooinseilee ayns Coonseil ny Corn as 25 coonseilee baljagh as skeeragh. She Dick Cole y leeideilagh roie.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn mooie
* Mebyon Kernow — ynnyd-eggey oikoil
* Kernow X
Cronk y Chroghee

She crongan ta soit eddyr Balley Chashtal as Camys y Ree eh **Cronk y Chroghee** ny **Cronk y Chrogheree** (, veih  y Çhenn Loghlynish). She boayl baaish v'ayn foddey er-dy-henney lhieu shid as briwnys baaish v'er ny chur orroo. Va'n cronk aaenmyssit myr *Mount Strange* liorish Eearlaghyn Derby as lhiass-ennym Baarlagh y Stanlagh Mooar currit er. T'eh er credjal dy nee boayl oanluckee shenndeeagh lesh carnane oanluckee t'ayn. Ta enney mooar er y voayl myr boayl cur-gy-baase Illiam Dhone va currit gy baase 'sy vlein 1663.

## Imraaghyn
Yakub Kolas

She screeudeyr as feelee Belarooshagh va **Yakub Kolas** (**Jakub Kołas**; , ruggit myr Міцке́віч Канстанці́н Міха́йлавіч, *Kanstantsin Mikhailavich Mitskievich* er 3 Sauin S.A. 22 Jerrey Fouyir] 1882 &ndash; 13 Luanistyn, 1956). Cossneyder Feelee Theayagh PHH y Velaroosh (1926) as oltey (1928) as lhiass-eaghtyrane (veih'n vlein 1929) Cholleish Oaylleeaghtyn y Velaroosh v'ayn.

Ta enney mooar er Kolas er son y cho-ennaghtyn echey rish y theay Belarooshagh. T'eh so-akin 'syn ennym screeuee echey 'Kolas' as eh çheet er "cleaysh arroo" 'sy Velarooshish. Ren eh screeu ny h-arraneyn *Arraneyn y Chappeeys* (1908) as *Arraneyn y Teaghyn* (, 1910), ny daanyn *Thalloo Noa* (, 1923) as *Simon y Kiaulleyder* (, 1925), as ram skeealyn as cloiaghyn-ardan. Ta'n daan echey, *Bwaane yn Eeasteyr* (, 1947) cur sheese er y troddan lurg unnaneyssey yn Velaroosh rish yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh. Ta'n treeskeealag echey *Ec y Chrossag* (1954) cur sheese er seihll ny Belarooshee chadjin as lught deynlagh yn tushtey roish yn Irree Magh. Va Aundyr Steat UPSS bronnit er ayns ny bleeantyn 1946 as 1949.
Wiesbaden

Ta **Wiesbaden** ny ard-valley as ny chommyoon ayns Hessen ayns sheear hwoaie yn Ghermaan. 'Sy vlein 2011 va ny smoo na 277,000 dy 'leih cummal ayn as mygeayrt 2.26 villioon 'sy valjaght. Ta'n ard-valley soit er awin y Rhine ta roie trooid yn ard-valley.

## Kianglaghyn magh

*Ynnyd-eggey oikoil
*
Jane Edwards

She noaskeealagh Bretnagh ee **Jane Edwards**.  V'ee ruggit ayns Niwbwrch, Moan ayns 1938. Dobbyr ee myr ben-ynsee roish my hie magh ee. Chossyn ee ymmodee aundyryn, goaill stiagh cohirrey noaskeeal Eisteddfod Ashoonagh Vretin Llanelli 1962 er son *Dechrau Gofidiau*, as Aundyr Tir na n-Og ayns 1978 er son *Miriam*. 

## Cyhoeddiadau
* *Dechrau Gofidiau* (1962)
* *Byd o Gysgodion* (1964)
* *Bara Seguryd* (1969)
* *Epil Cam* (1972)
* *Tyfu* (1973)
* *Dros Fryniau Bro Afallon* (1977)
* *Miriam* (1978)
* *Hon, Debygem, ydoedd gwlad yr haf* (1980)
* *Cadno Rhos-y-Ffin* (1984)
* *Y Bwthyn Cu* (1987)
* *Blind Dêt* (1989)
* *Pant yn y Gwely* (1993)
Dyddgu Owen

She ughtar lioaryn troailt as paitçhyn Bretnish va **Dyddgu Owen** (1906 &ndash; 1992).

V'ee ruggit ayns Sir Drefaldwyn (Powys). V'ee ny studeyr ayns Collaashtey Ollooscoillagh Vretin, Aberystwyth as eisht ren ee gynsaghey ayns Colaashtey ny Trinaid, Caerfyrddin. Chossyn ee Aundyr Tir na n-Og ayns 1979 er son *Y Flwyddyn Honno*.

Va laue eck ayns scoill da paitçhyn as femeyn er lheh oc ayns Powys. Ghow ee toshiaght screeu ayns ny 1950yn tra hug magh ee ymmodee lioaryn contoyrtys da paitçhyn. Mastey obbraghyn elley, screeu ee skeealyn da paitçhyn aegey, lioaryn troailt da sleih aasit, as y noaskeeal mie er enney *Y Flwyddyn Honno* chossyn Aundyr Tir na n-Og Cyngor Llyfrau Cymraeg er son far-skeealaght Vretnish. V'ee ny colloonagh ec *[[Baner ac Amserau Cymru]]* as *[[Y Cymro]]*.  Hooar ee baase ayns Harlech ayns 1992.

## Lioaryn
* *Cri'r gwylanod* (1953)   
* *Caseg y ddrycin* (1955)
* *Brain Borromeo* (1958)
* *Modlen : y gath fach ddewr* 
* *Pero* (1961)
* *Gogo-go* (1961)
* *Mostyn y mul* (1961)
* *Falmai'r gath* (1961)
* *Bob yn eilddydd : ddyddlyfr taith i Dde America* (1968)
* *Ethiopia : hanes taith* (1974)
* *Y flwyddyn honno* (1978)

## Imraaghyn
Protosoa

She shenn phossan rang-oardree bea-oaylleeagh eh **Protosoa**.  Ta'n possan goaill stiagh caghlaaghyn bioag eukaryotagh un-chillagagh nagh vel gollrish y cheilley.  Er coontey shen, ta bea-oayllee faagail jeh'n ennym, agh t'eh ry-akin ny keayrtyn myr ennym neuformoil.

Hoshiaght, hie ad er rang-oardraghey myr protistyn, myr aarheynn "vaaghagh" y phossan noi protophyta "lussagh" as lheeahidyn glooie "fliughaneagh".

Ta'n ennym ass Shenn Ghreagish **** (*protózoo[n]*) "kied vaagh", ass **πρώτο** (*próto*) "kied" as **ζώο[ν]** (*zóo[n]*) "baagh, bioag".  

Ta far-chrackan killag (Pellicula) oc, chammah's çheshvean killag ta dyn eddyraghey veih bacteyryn.
Poznań

She ard-valley er yn awin Warta ayns sheear-vean y Pholynn eh **Poznań** (; ; ;  *Poyzn*). 'Sy vlein 2010 va 551,627 dooinney cummal 'syn ard-valley. T'eh coontit myr fer jeh ny h-ard-valjyn shinney 'sy Pholynn as she fer jeh ny buill smoo scanshoil v'eh 'sy steat leah Polynnagh as ta ny chied ir hoshee oanluckit ayns ard-çhiamble yn ard-valley.

Ta Poznań ny wheigoo ard-valley 'sy Pholynn. She preeu-valley shenndeeagh yn ard Wielkopolska as preeu-valley Wheiggey yn Pholynn Vooar t'eh

She laare scanshoil son traght, çhynskyl, as ynsagh t'ayn as margaghyn traghtee eddyrashoonagh goll er stiurey 'syn ard-valley.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Ynnyd-eggey oikoil yn ard-valley
Gdynia

She ard-valley ayns Queiggey Pomorze er coose Baltagh y Pholynn eh **Gdynia** (; ; ). She purt varrey scanshoil t'eh ta soit er ymmyl Vaie Gdańsk.

Ta'n ard-valley ny hoie 'sy Chashoob ayns Pomorze Hiar as she ayrn jeh'n cho-valjys mooar fo'n ennym Trójmiasto ("Tree-valley") t'eh, ta goaill stiagh eshyn hene myrane lesh Gdańsk, Sopot as boodeeyssyn fo-valjagh beggey elley. 'Sy vlein 2009 va begnagh 250,000 sleih cummal 'syn ard-valley as ny smoo na un villioon cummaltee ayns Trójmiasto.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Ynnyd-eggey ard-valley Gdynia
Queiggey Pomorze

She queiggey ayns twoaie y Pholynn ee **Queiggey Pomorze** (, ; ). T'eh jeant seose jeh'n chooid smoo jeh Pomorze Gdańskie (y chooid hiar jeh Pomorze shenndeeagh) myrane lesh ard beg çheu hiar jeh'n awin Wisła. Va'n chooid heear mygeayrt Słupsk ny cooid jeh Pomorze Tylne foddey er-dy-henney as va Pomorze Gdańskie as broogh hiar y Wisła ny chooid jeh ard shenndeeagh y Phroosh. Ta'n chooid laaragh jeh'n wheiggey goll er enney myr y Chashoob as ennym y vynlagh Kashoobagh currit er. She Gdańsk y preeu-valley queiggagh.

Va'n queiggey currit er bun er 1 Jerrey Geuree 1999 rere conaantyn lhiassaghey yn ghurneilys ynnydagh va doltit 'sy vlein 1998. Rere ny conaantyn shen va Pomorze currit er bun magh ass ny shenn-wheiggaghyn Gdańsk, Elbląg as Słupsk. T'eh çhemmit liorish Queiggey Pomorze Heear 'sy neear, liorish Queiggaghyn ny Polynn Mooar as Kujawy-Pomorze 'sy jiass, liorish Queiggey Warmia-Mazury 'sy niar, as liorish y Vooir Valtagh 'sy twoaie. Myrane lesh shen, ta joarey giare ec Pomorze rish y Roosh er Gob Wisła.

Ta Gdańsk, y preeu-valley queiggagh, jannoo seose cooid jeh Trójmiasto myrane lesh Sopot as Gdynia. Ta'n queiggey goaill stiagh Lieh-innys Hel as y lieh Polynnagh jeh Gob Wisła. Ta buill hurryssagh elley goaill stiagh Sopot, Jurata, Łeba, Władysławowo, Puck, Krynica Morska, Ustka, Jastarnia, Kuźnica, Bytów as ram baljyn beggey eeastagh as thieyn sollysh.
## Caayryn as baljyn

Ta'n queiggey goaill stiagh 42 valley. T'ad currit er y rolley shoh heese rere earroo yn phobble (rere earrooyn oikoil 2006):

## Gurneilys ynnydagh

Ta Queiggey Pomorze goll er rheynn ayns 20 coondaeghyn (powiat): 4 coondaeghyn caayragh as 16 coondaeghyn thallooin. T'ad shen goll er rheynn ayns 123 commyoonyn (gmina).

Ta ny coondaeghyn currit er y rolley rere earroo yn phobble.

## Ynsagh

### Ynsagh s'yrjey

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn mooie

* Oayllys mychione Queiggey Pomorze - ynnyd-eggey oikoil 
* Lioaran y tarmaynys 
* Queiggey Pomorze. Buill hurryssagh share 
* Colught Lhiassaghey yn Turrysid ayns Pomorze 
* Wrota Pomorza - Boayl Oayllys Wheiggey Pomorze
Słupsk

She ard-valley ayns Queiggey Pomorze ayns twoaie yn Pholynn eh **Słupsk** (; ;  ny ; ). Roish 1 Jerrey Geuree 1999 v'eh ny phreeu-valley er Queiggey Słupsk roish hie yn queiggey shen er ny scryssey. T'eh soit 'syn ard shenndeeagh Pomorze.

Ta'n ard-valley ny hoie ayns sheear hwoaie yn çheer, 18 km (11 mi) veih'n Vooir Valtagh er yn awin Słupia. She preeu-valley Choontae Słupsk t'ayn, ga nagh vel eh ny chooid jeh'n choontae shen (ta staydys coontae er lheh echey). 'Sy vlein 2010 va 96,655 sleih cummal ayn as t'eh coodaghey 43.15 kilomeaderyn kerrinagh. Rere shen, t'eh coontit myr fer jeh ny h-ard-valjyn smoo gloo-chummaltit 'sy çheer.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
*
Tczew

She balley er yn awin Wisła ayns Queiggey Pomorze, twoaie yn Pholynn, eh **Tczew** (; ; ). 'Sy vlein 2009 va 60,279 deiney cummal 'sy valley. She crossag raaidyn yiarn t'ayn. Ta enney mooar er y valley er son y çhenn-valley as Droghad Wisła, ny Droghad Tczew, va jeeyllit car y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh. She preeu-valley Choontae Tczew t'ayn.

## Mooinjerys eddyr-ashoonagh

### Baljyn as ard-valjyn lannoonit
Ta Tczew goll er lannooney rish:

## Kianglaghyn magh

*Ynnyd-eggey baljagh 
*Naight cultooragh as oayllys politickagh veih Tczew 
*Naight as oayllys veih Tczew 
*Naight cultooragh 
*Radio Fabryka - radio ynnydagh
Starogard Gdański

She balley ayns Queiggey Pomorze ayns twoaie yn Pholynn eh **Starogard Gdański** (; Polynnish son "Y Shenn Doon"; ; ) ny **Starogard** dy cadjin. 'Sy vlein 2010 va 48,185 deiney cummal 'sy valley. T'eh ny hoie 50 km veih'n chovaljys Trójmiasto er coose Vaie Gdańsk. She preeu-valley Choontae Starogard t'ayn veih'n vlein 1999, agh roish shen eddyr ny bleeantyn 1975 as 1998 cha row ayn agh balley cadjin ayns Queiggey Gdańsk.

## Shennaghys
Haghyr y chied chur sheese er "Starigrad" 'sy vlein 1198 tra ren y Duic Grzymisław II gialdyn y balley da Reejereeyn ny Spittaleyryn. Va cur sheese jeant er y valley myr "Stargarde" 'sy vlein 1269. Va kiartyn baljagh bronnit er y valley 'sy vlein 1348 fo Leigh Kulm liorish yn Ard-Vainshtyr Heinrich Dusemer.

Ta feanish henndaaleeagh taishbyney dy row balley noa-littagh ayn er y voayl kiare ny queig milley bleeaney er-dy-henney.

'Sy vlein 1920 haink y balley fo reill y Pholynn fo conaantyn Chonaant Versailles. Roish shen she paart jeh'n Phroosh v'eh, çheusthie jeh'n Ghermaan.

## Ynsagh
* Ard-Scoill Pholasee Sheshoil as Tarmaynagh Pomorze

## Spoyrt
* SKS Starogard Gdański, fwirran bluckan bascaidagh fir hie er n'yrjaghey gys yn Era Basket Liga 'syn imbagh 2004/2005.

## Deyn-oaylleeaght

## Cummaltee ard-ghooagh
*Bernhard Stadié (1833–1895), bochilley anmey, screeudeyr shennaghys
*Albert Matthai (1853–1924), ughtar
*Johann Eduard Jacobsthal (1839–1902), seyrnagh as ynseyder
*Adolf Lesser (1851–1926), fer lhee quaiyllagh
*Adolf Wallenberg (1862–1949), neayr-oayllee
*John S. Flizikowski, (1868–1934), seyrnagh Chicago
*Ferdinand Noeldechen (1895–1951), gineraal
*Theo Mackeben (1897–1953), cummeyder kiaull scannane
*Reinhold Böhmke (1911–2001), offishear
*Hans-Gotthard Pestke (1914–2001), offishear
*Henryk Jankowski (*1936), saggyrt
*Edward Pałłasz (*1936), cummeyder kiaull
*Kazimierz Deyna (1947–1989), bluckaneyr
*Andrzej Grubba (1958–2005), cloieder leddoge vuird
*Paweł Papke (*1977), cloieder bluckan co-orraghey

## Mooinjerys eddyr-ashoonagh

### Baljyn as caayryn lannoonit

## Kianglaghyn mooie
* Ynnyd-eggey oikoil y valley 
* Naight, oayllys, cultoor as taghyrtyn ayns Starogard
Manx Airlines

She aer-lhuingys soit ayns Mannin ee **Manx Airlines** ny **Skianyn Vannin** eddyr 1982 as 2002.  Va'n kione-cherroo eck ayns Purt Aer Vannin.  

Va aer-lhuingys elley ayns fo'n ennym cheddin eddyr 1947-1958.

## Shennaghys
She co-halee v'ayn eddyr daa aer-lhuingys Hostnagh, British Midland Airways as AirUK.  Ghow ad toghiaght etlagh er Mee Houney 1, 1982 as she JE601 va'n chied etlagh, voish Purt Aer Vannin dys Purt Aer Ghlaschu er etlan Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante.

Ayns Mee Vayrnt 1991, chroo Manx Airlines rheynn "Manx Airlines Europe" dys skeaylley as getlagh harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit.  Ayns 1994 haink Manx Airlines Europe dy ve ny ymmyrkagh fo chiartys dellal da British Airways, as dettyl ee fo ghaahghyn British Airways.  Ayns Mean Souree 1996 cheaghil Manx Airlines Europe yn ennym eck da British Regional Airlines.  Ayns Mee Vayrnt 2001, ren British Airways kionnaghey yn British Regional Airlines Group (colught hellooagh British Regional Airlines as Manx Airlines) er son £78m.  Ren ad covestey Manx Airlines marish Brymon Airways myr "British Airways CitiExpress".

Scuirr Manx Airlines jeh etlagh er 31 Luanistyn 2002. 

## Lhuingys
Eddyr 1985 as 1993, ren yn aer-lhuingys ymmyd jeh etlanyn Shorts 360 as Shorts 330. Va Vickers Viscount 836 eck eddyr Mee Houney October 1983 as Mee Houney October 1988.  She y Viscount s'jerree 'syn RU dettyl troailtee er skedjal, as dettyl eh ymmodee keayrtyn 'shampane' roish my scuirr eh jeh etlagh.

Eddyr 1987-88, va Saab 340 eck, fo'n ennym "City Hopper" tra dettyl eh shirveishyn Lerphoyll-Heathrow.  Ayns Mee Houney 1988, chionnee ish BAe ATP ayns ynnyd y Viscount. Va BAe 146 eck myrgeddin.

* Vickers Viscount
* Fokker Friendship
* Embraer EMB 110
* BAC 1-11
* BAe ATP
* Jetstream 31
* Jetstream 41
* BAe 146
**Series 100
**Series 200
**Series 300
* Britten-Norman Islander
* de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter
* Embraer EMB 110
* Embraer ERJ 145
* Fokker Friendship
* Piper PA-23
* Piper PA-31
* Saab 340
* Shorts 330
* Shorts 360
* ATR-72
* Vickers Viscount

Eddyr Mee Vayrnt 1999 as jee-vunnaghey, shoh ny h-etlanyn v'eck:

Rere y phlan bunneydagh, lhisagh BAe 146 G-MIMA er netlagh y turrys s'jerrinagh, voish Gatwick dys Roonysvaie. Er coontey doilleeidyn çhaghnoaylleeagh, ghow ad stiagh etlan er maayl.  Ren Manninagh, Captan Paul Quine, getlagh ATP G-MANB as roshtyn Roonysvaie ec 20:10 GMT er Jesarn  31 Luanistyn 2002.

## Imraaghyn

## Lioaryn

*
*
*

## Kianglaghyn magh
Chris Pine

Ta **Chris Pine** ny chloieder fillym Americaanagh. V'eh ruggit ayns Los Angeles, California, ny Steatyn Unnaneysit er 26 Luanistyn 1980.
Wrocław

She **Wrocław** (; ; ), ta ny hoie er yn awin Odra 'sy Tileesh Eeghtyragh, y chaayr smoo 'sy Pholynn heear.

She preeu-valley shenndeeagh va Wrocław er y Tileesh, as jiu she preeu-valley Wheiggey yn Tileesh Eeghtyragh t'ayn. Va'n chaayr coontit lesh y Pholynn, lesh Bohemia, lesh yn Austeyr, lesh y Phroosh, as lesh y Ghermaan harrish ny keeadyn, as hie ee lesh y Pholynn veih'n vlein 1945 lurg hie ny joaraghyn er nyn geaghley lurg y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh. 'Sy vlein 2010, rere ny h-earrooyn oikoil, va 632,996 deiney cummal ayn.

## Kianglaghyn magh

*Ynnyd-eggey baljagh
Kraków

Ta **Kraków** (ny **Cracow**; ) ny nah ard-valley smoo as fer jeh ny h-ard-valjyn shinney 'sy Pholynn. T'eh ny hoie er yn awin Wisła ayns ard y Pholynn Veg. She preeu-valley er y Pholynn v'eh eddyr ny bleeantyn 1038 as 1569, er Co-unnaneys y Pholynn&ndash;Litaan eddyr ny bleeantyn 1569 as 1596 as er Ard-Diucaght Kraków eddyr ny bleeantyn 1846 as 1918. Myrane lesh shen v'eh ny phreeu-valley er Queiggey Kraków eddyr y 14oo eash as 1999. Jiu she preeu-valley Wheiggey yn Pholynn Veg t'eh.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* Boodeeys Ewagh ayns Kraków 
*
Bydgoszcz

She ard-valley ayns twoaie yn Pholynn eh **Bydgoszcz** (; ; ). Ta'n ard-valley ny hoie er ny h-awinyn Brda as Wisła. 'Sy vlein 2009 va 358,029 deiney cummal 'syn ard-valley as ny smoo na 460,000 deiney 'syn ard moirvaljagh. Rere ny h-earrooyn oikoil ta Bydgoszcz ny 8oo ard-valley smoo 'sy Pholynn. She preeu-valley Choontae Bydgoszcz as co-phreeu-valley, marish Toruń, er Queiggey Kujawy-Pomorze‎ veih'n vlein 1999. Roish eh shen, she preeu-valley v'eh er Queiggey Bydgoszcz eddyr ny bleeantyn 1947 as 1998, as er Queiggey Pomorze eddyr 1945 as 1947.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Ynnyd-eggey Bydgoszcz.pl 
* Ynnyd-eggey baljagh
Taylor Lautner

Ta **Taylor Daniel Lautner** ny chloieder fillym Americaanagh. V'eh ruggit ayns Grand Rapids, Michigan, ny Steatyn Unnaneysit er 11 Toshiaght Arree 1992.
Łódź

She **Łódź** (screeuit myr **Lodz** dy mennick; ; , *Lodzh*) y treeoo caayr smoo 'sy Pholynn. T'eh soit ayns mean y çheer mygeayrt 135 km sheear yiass veih Warszawa. 'Sy vlein 2010 va 737,098 deiney cummal ayn. She preeu-valley Wheiggey Łódź t'ayn.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* 
* Ghetto Łódź  
*
Szczecin

She ard-valley ayns sheear hwoaie yn Pholynn eh **Szczecin** (; ; ). She preeu-valley Wheiggey Pomorze Heear t'ayn. T'eh soit begnagh er y Vooir Valtagh as t'eh coontit myr y shiaghtoo ard-valley smoo as y phurt smoo 'sy çheer. 'Sy vlein 2014 va 407,180 sleih cummal 'syn ard-valley.

Ta Szczecin ny hoie er yn awin Odra, çheu yiass veih Mooirlagh Szczecin as Baie Pomorze. T'eh ny hoie rish broogh heear yiass Logh Dąbie er y daa vroogh jeh'n Odra as er shiartanse d'ellanyn mooarey eddyr crouwyn heear as hiar yn awin. Ta joarey ec yn ard-valley rish balley Police.

## Kianglaghyn maghh

*Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Ard-valley Szczecin (ayns Polish, lesh stoo ennagh ayns Baarle as Germaanish)
Lublin

She **Lublin** (; , ; , ) y nuyoo ard-valley smoo 'sy Pholynn as y nah ard-valley smoo 'sy Pholynn Veg. She preeu-valley Wheiggey Lublin t'ayn as va begnagh 350,000 deiney cummal ayns 'sy vlein 2010. Myrane lesh shen, she Lublin yn ard-valley smoo çheu hiar jeh'n awin Wisła. T'eh ny hoie mysh 170 km veih preeu-valley yn çheer, Warszawa.

## Kianglaghyn magh

*[Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Lublin  https://web.archive.org/web/20101006170208/http://www.lublin.eu/en 
*Ynnyd-eggey oikoil baljagh 
* 
*
Katowice

She ard-valley 'sy Tileesh ayns jiass y Pholynn eh **Katowice**  (; ). T'eh soit er ny h-awinyn Kłodnica as Rawa, fo-awinyn jeh ny h-awinyn Odra as Wisła ayns Ard-heer y Tileesh.

Ta Katowice ny slyst veanagh jeh Moir-valley yn Tileesh Eaghtyragh as eddyr 2.2 villioon as 3.5 millioon dy leih cummal ayn. She cree yn çheanse, y chultoor, y çhynskyl, dellal, as arraghey ayns jiass y Pholynn t'ayn. She preeu-valley Wheiggey yn Tileesh t'ayn. Roish my daink eh dy ve ny phreeu-valley er y wheiggey shen v'eh ny phreeu-valley er Queiggey Katowice (1975-1998), er Queiggey yn Tileesh (1920-1939) as er Queiggey yn Tileesh Eaghtyragh 'sy Ghermaan.

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Rzeszów

She caayr ayns shiar yiass y Pholynn eh **Rzeszów** (; , ; , ; ; ; , ). 'Sy vlein 2010 va begnagh 180,000 deiney cummal 'sy chaayr. T'eh soit er y daa vroogh jeh'n awin Wisłok, ayns çheshvean Ghlion Sandomierz. She preeu-valley Wheiggey Podkarpacie as Choontae Rzeszów t'ayn.

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
*
Queiggey Kaliningrad

She aarheynn chonastagh ta soit er y Vooir Valtagh 'sy Roosh eh **Queiggey Kaliningrad** (). 'Sy vlein 2010 va 941,873 deiney cummal 'sy wheiggey.

Ta'n queiggey jannoo seose yn ayrn smoo eearagh jeh'n Roosh agh cha nel kiangley thallooin echey rish y chooid elley jeh'n çheer shen. Veih'n vun echey 'sy vlein 1945 by phaal jeh PHCH ny Roosh hoshiaght, as jeh'n Roosh ny yei. Ren tuittym ass e cheilley yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh scarrey eh hene veih'n chooid elley jeh'n çheer. T'eh cruinnit liorish y Pholynn 'sy jiass, liorish y Litaan 'sy niar as 'sy twoaie, as liorish y Vooir Valtagh 'sy neear. She Kaliningrad (goll er enney myr Königsberg dy shenndeeagh) y chaayr smoo as y chaayr reiragh ayn.
Białystok

She **Białystok** (; ; ; ) y chaayr smoo ayns shiar hwoaie yn Pholynn as preeu-valley Wheiggey Podlasie. T'eh ny hoie ayns Çheer Injil Podlasie Hwoaie er brooinyn yn awin Biała. 'Sy vlein 2010 va begnagh 300,000 deiney cummal 'sy chaayr.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* '''Osiedla.Białystok.pl'''  
*
Częstochowa

She ard-valley ayns jiass y Pholynn eh **Częstochowa** (; ). Ta'n ard-valley ny hoie er yn awin Warta ayns Queiggey yn Tileesh. Roish haink er yn ard-valley dy ve ny cooid jeh'n wheiggey shen by phreeu-valley ee er Queiggey Częstochowa (1975-1998). 'Sy vlein 2009 va 240,027 deiney cummal 'syn ard-valley.

Ta enney mooar er yn ard-valley er son y vannishter Phaaylagh Jasna Góra raad ta jalloo y Voidyn Moirrey Ghoo (), ynnyd casherick da'n Ven Heyr Ain soit. Ta millioonyn dy hroailtee chrauee veih dagh kerrin y theihill goll dys Częstochowa dagh blein.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
*
Radom

She ard-valley ayns mean y Pholynn eh **Radom** (). 'Sy vlein 2009 va 223,397 sleih cummal ayn. T'eh soit 100 km çheu yiass veih Warszawa er yn awin Mleczna ayns Queiggey Mazowsze veih'n vlein 1999. Roish shen, she preeu-valley v'eh er Queiggey Radom eddyr ny bleeantyn 1975 as 1998.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* 
*Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Radom 
*Boodeeys Ewagh ayns Radom er Virtual Shtetl
*
Kielce

She ard-valley ayns mean y Pholynn eh **Kielce** (). 'Sy vlein 2009 va 204,891 sleih cummal 'syn ard-valley. She preeu-valley Wheiggey Święty Krzyż t'eh veih'n vlein 1999. Ta'n ard-valley ny hoie ayns mean ny sleityn Święty Krzyż er brooinyn yn awin Silnica ayns twoaie wheiggey shenndeeagh y Pholynn Veg.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
*
Toruń

She ard-valley shenndeeagh ayns twoaie yn Pholynn eh **Toruń** (; ; ; ). T'eh ny hoie er yn awin Wisła. 'Sy vlein 2009 va 205,934 sleih cummal 'syn ard-valley. She fer jeh ny h-ard-valjyn shinney mastey ard-valjyn y Pholynn. She boayl ruggyree Nicholas Copernicus y shenn valley mean-eashagh.

She preeu-valley v'eh er Queiggey Toruń eddyr ny bleeantyn 1975 as 1998 as er Queiggey Pomorze eddyr ny bleeantyn 1921 as 1945. Jiu, she preeu-valley yn wheiggey Kujawy-Pomorze myrane lesh yn ard-valley Bydgoszcz t'eh. Ta'n daa ard-valley shen jannoo seose yn ard moirvaljagh daa-phouyllagh Bydgoszcz-Toruń.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Ynnyd-eggey baljagh
Olsztyn

She ard-valley ayns shiar hwoaie yn Pholynn eh **Olsztyn** (; ; Shenn Pholynnish: *Holstin*; Shenn Phrooshish: *Alnāsteini*; ). T'eh ny hoie er yn awin Łyna. She preeu-valley Wheiggey Warmia-Mazury veih'n vlein 1999. V'eh ny ayrn jeh Queiggey Olsztyn (as jeh unnidyn elley eddyr ny bleeantyn 1945 as 1975 as eddyr 1975 as 98). She coontae ard-valjagh t'eh.

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
*Naight Olsztyn 
*Shennaghys Ewagh Olsztyn
Jadowniki, Queiggey yn Pholynn Veg

She balley beg ayns Gmina Brzesko, çheusthie jeh Coontae Brzesko, Queiggey yn Pholynn Veg ayns jiass y Pholynn eh **Jadowniki** (). T'eh ny hoie mysh 3 km çheu hiar jeh Brzesko as 52 km shiar veih'n phreeu-valley queiggagh, Kraków. 'Sy vlein 2009 va 5014 deiney cummal 'sy valley beg.
Elbląg

She ard-valley ayns twoaie yn Pholynn eh **Elbląg** (; ). 'Sy vlein 2006 va 127,892 deiney cummal ayn. She preeu-valley Choontae Elbląg t'ayn as t'eh ny hoie ayns Queiggey Warmia-Mazury veih'n vlein 1999. Roish shen by phreeu-valley eh er Queiggey Elbląg eddyr ny bleeantyn 1975 as 1998 as by hoiag coontae eh ayns Queiggey Gdańsk eddyr ny bleeantyn 1945 as 1975. She purt er yn awin Elbląg t'ayn as yn awin shen stroo stiagh ayns Mooirlagh Wisła mysh 10 km çheu hwoaie veih'n ard-valley. Lesh shen, ta goll magh ec yn ard-valley gys y Vooir Valtagh trooid Keyllys Baltiysk ta fo stiurey yn Roosh.
Świnoujście

She ard-valley as purt varrey er y Vooir Valtagh as Mooirlagh Szczecin eh **Świnoujście** (; ). Ta'n ard-valley soit ayns sheear hwoaie yn Pholynn er ny h-ellanyn Uznam as Wolin da'n chooid smoo, agh t'ee coodaghey ram ellanyn beggey, goaill stiagh Karsibór, yn ellan smoo jeh ny h-ellanyn beggey shen va ny chooid jeh Usedom agh ta scarrit nish liorish ammyr Piast (shenn ennym: *Kaiserfahrt*) hie er ny reuyrey 'sy 19oo eash yeianagh son dy lhiggey da lhongyn shiaulley jeeragh gys Szczecin (*Stettin*).

She ard-valley as staydys coontae () echey eh Świnoujście veih'n vlein 1999, çheusthie jeh Queiggey Pomorze Heear. She ayrn jeh Queiggey Szczecin v'eh eddyr ny bleeantyn 1975 as 1998. 'Sy vlein 2006 va 41,100 sleih cummal ayn.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Świnoujście 
*
Kashoobish

She fer jeh ny çhengaghyn Lechitagh, fo-chrouw ny çhengaghyn Slavagh, ee yn **Chashoobish** (Kashoobish: *kaszëbsczi jãzëk, pòmòrsczi jãzëk, kaszëbskò-słowińskô mòwa*; ). T'eh er credjal dy daase y Chashoobish magh ass y çhengey va goll er loayrt ec kynnaghyn ennagh jeh ny Pomeranee as yn ennym Kashoobee currit orroo 'syn ard Pomorze er coose yiass y Vooir Valtagh eddyr ny h-awinyn Wisła as Odra.

T'ee feer chosoylagh rish y Clovinsish, as y daa jeu nyn abbyrtyn jeh'n Phomeranish. Ta çhengoaylleeyn ennagh smooinaghtyn dy nee çhengey er lheh t'aynjee, agh ta çhengoaylleeyn elley credjal nagh vel aynjee agh abbyrt y Pholynnish.

Gollrish y Pholynnish, ta 5% jeh focklyn y Chashoobish çheet magh ass y Ghermaanish Injil, lheid as kùńszt (*ellyn*), as ta fir elley çheet magh ass yn Ard-Ghermaanish. Myrane lesh shen, ta'n Chashoobish goaill stiagh eeasaghtyn veih ny çhengaghyn Baltagh, veih'n Rooshish as veih'n Pholynnish.

Ayns coontey-pobble y vlein 2002 ren 53,000 deiney 'sy Pholynn fogrey magh dy vel ad jannoo ymmyd jeh'n Chashoobish da'n chooid smoo tra v'ad 'sy thie. Ta'n Pholynnish ec dagh Kashoobisheyr chammah. She çhengey oikoil t'aynjee ayns boodeeyssyn ynnydagh ayns Gmina Sierakowice as Gmina Parchowo ayns Queiggey Pomorze.

## Galleree


file:Cassubia1238 Język Kaszubski 2002.png|Kashoobisheyryn 'sy valley 'sy chied (%) 'sy vlein 2002
file:Powiat Pucczi 2 ubt.jpeg|Cowrey daa-hengagh 'sy Pholynnish as 'sy Chashoobish ayns Pogórze, Coontae Puck, er y raad veih Gdynia dys Rewa
file:Stefan_Ramult-Pomeranian_Dictionary.png|Duillag yn 'ockleyr Pomeranish (Kashoobish) liorish Stefan Ramult 1893
|Yn arrane "Kaszubskie nuty"
Coontae Starogard

She unnid reirey thallooinagh as gurneilys ynnydagh (powiat) ayns Queiggey Pomorze, twoaie yn Pholynn, eh **Coontae Starogard** (). Va'n coontae currit er bun er 1 Jerrey Geuree 1999 rere lhiassaghey gurneilys ynnydagh ny Polynn 'sy vlein 1998. She Starogard Gdański y toiag reirey as y balley smoo ayn as eh ny lhie 45 km çheu yiass veih'n phreeu-valley queiggagh Gdańsk. Ta tree baljyn elley soit 'sy choontae: Skarszewy, 13 km (8 mi) çheu heear hwoaie veih Starogard Gdański; Skórcz, 19 km (12 mi) çheu yiass veih Starogard Gdański; as Czarna Woda, 33 km (21 mi) çheu heear yiass veih Starogard Gdański.

Ta'n coontae 1,345.2 kilomeaderyn kerrinagh er eaghtyr as 'sy vlein 2006 va 121,963 deiney cummal ayn. Va 48,136 deiney cummal ayns Starogard, 6,824 deiney ayns Skarszewy, 3,512 ayns Skórcz, 3,182 ayns Czarna Woda as 60,309 deiney cummal magh çheu çheerey.

Ta Coontae Starogard çhemmal rish Coontae Gdańsk 'sy twoaie, rish Coontae Tczew 'sy niar, rish Coontae Świecie 'sy jiass, rish Coontae Tuchola 'sy neear yiass, as rish Coontae Chojnice as Coontae Kościerzyna 'sy neear.

*Coontae Starogard er caslys-çheerey Wheiggey Pomorze*

## Aarheynnyn reiragh
Ta'n coontae goll er rheynn magh ayns 13 slystyn (gmina) (tree slystyn baljagh, un lyst valjagh-heerey as nuy slystyn çheerey). T'ad ry-akin 'sy taabyl shoh heese, rere earroo yn phobble.

## Deyn-oaylleeaght

### Chron-oaylleeaght earroo yn phobble

## Imraaghyn
Yn Chashoob

She ard çhengagh ayns ard shenndeeagh Pomorze ayns sheear hwoaie yn Pholynn ee **yn Chashoob** (, , ). T'ee ny soie çheu heear veih Gdańsk (goaill stiagh dagh cooid agh y clyst smoo iaragh jeh er limmey) as inver yn awin Wisła. She boayl cummaltit ny Kashoobee, possan kynneeagh Slavagh. Rere y towshan-çheerey *Geografia współczesnych Kaszub* ("Çheer-oaylleeaght y Chashoob Noa-emshyragh") 'sy vlein 1999 liorish yn ard-schoillar Jan Mordawski ass Gdańsk ta rheynn un trass jeh pobble baljaghtagh ec ny Kashoobee ayns 43 baljaghtyn (gmina) ayns Queiggey Pomorze:

* Caayryn: Gdańsk (*Gduńsk*), Gdynia (*Gdiniô*), Sopot (*Sopòt*)
* Coontae Bytów (*Bëtowsczi kréz*): Balley Bytów (*Bëtowò*) lesh Gmina Bytów, Gmina Czarna Dąbrówka (*Czôrnô Dãbrówka*), Gmina Lipnica (*Lëpnica*), Gmina Parchowo (*Parchòwò*), Gmina Tuchomie (*Tëchòmié*)
* Coontae Chojnice (*Chònicczi kréz*): Balley Brusy (*Brusë*) lesh Gmina Brusy, Gmina Chojnice (*Chojnice*), Gmina Konarzyny (*Kònarzënë*)
* Coontae Człuchów (*Człëchòwsczi kréz*): Gmina Przechlewo (*Przechlewò*)
* Coontae Lębork (*Lãbòrsczi kréz*): Gmina Cewice (*Céwice*)
* Coontae Kartuzy (*Kartësczi kréz*): Balley Kartuzy (*Kartuzë*) lesh Gmina Kartuzy, Balley Żukowo (*Żukòwò*) lesh Gmina Żukowo, Gmina Chmielno (*Chmielno*), Gmina Przodkowo (*Przedkòwò*), Gmina Sulęczyno (*Sëlëczëno*), Gmina Sierakowice (*Sërakòjce*), Gmina Somonino (*Somònino*), Gmina Stężyca (*Stãżëca*)
* Coontae Kościerzyna (*Kòscérsczi kréz*): Balley Kościerzyna (*Kòscérzëna*) lesh Gmina Kościerzyna, Gmina Dziemiany (*Dzemiónë*), Gmina Karsin (*Kôrsëno*), Gmina Lipusz (*Lëpùsz*), Gmina Nowa Karczma (*Nowô Karczma*)
* Coontae Puck (*Pùcczi kréz*): Balley Puck (*Pùck*) lesh Gmina Puck, ny baljyn Hel (*Hél*), Jastarnia (*Jastarniô*) as Władysławowo (*Wiôlgô Wies*), Gmina Kosakowo (*Kòsôkòwò*), Gmina Krokowa (*Krokòwa*)
* Coontae Wejherowo (*Wejrowsczi kréz*): Balley Wejherowo (*Wejrowò*) as Gmina Wejherowo, ny baljyn Reda (*Réda*) as Rumia (*Rëmiô*), Gmina Choczewo (*Chòczewò*), Gmina Gniewino (*Gniewino*), Gmina Linia (*Lëniô*), Gmina Luzino (*Lëzëno*), Gmina Łęczyce (*Łãczëce*), Gmina Szemud (*Szëmôłd*)
Trójmiasto

She ard baljagh ayns twoaie yn Pholynn eh **Trójmiasto** (; Polynnish son "Tree Baljyn"). T'eh jeant seose jeh ny caayryn Gdańsk, Gdynia as Sopot. Ta ny caayryn shen ny lhie çheu ry heu rish nyn geilley er coose Vaie Gdańsk, y Vooir Valtagh ayns Queiggey Pomorze. Ta ny smoo na millioon dooinney cummal ayns ard moirvaljagh Trójmiasto. By ennym neu-oikoil ny neuformoil eh yn ennym *Trójmiasto* derrey 28 Mayrnt 2007 tra va "Kaart ny Tree Baljyn" fo-screeuit myr fogrey co-obbraghey ny tree caayryn.
Wisła

She yn awin **Wisła** (; ) yn awin s'liurey as smoo scanshoil 'sy Pholynn as ee 1,047 km (651 mi) er lhiurid. Ta'n dreeym ushtey eck coodaghey 194,424 km2 (75,068 sq mi), as ta 168,699 km2 (65,135 sq mi) jeh'n eaghtyr shen soit 'sy Pholynn. Ta'n awin rheynn y çheer ayns daa ayrn.

Ta'n Wisła goaill toshiaght ec Barania Góra ayns jiass y Pholynn, 1,106 m harrish yrjid ny marrey ayns Beskid ny Sileesh raad t'eh toshiaghey myr yn awin *Biała Wisełka* ("Wisła Veg Vane") as *Czarna Wisełka* ("Wisła Veg Ghoo"). T'eh stroo harrish strahyn vooarey yn Pholynn, as ee stroo trooid ram caayryn mooarey, goaill stiagh Kraków, Sandomierz, Warszawa, Płock, Włocławek, Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Świecie, Grudziądz, Tczew as Gdańsk. T'eh folmaghey stiagh ayns Mooirlagh Wisła ny dy jeeragh stiagh ayns Baie Gdańsk jeh'n Vooir Valtagh.
Andrew Garfield

Ta **Andrew Russell Garfield** ny chloieder fillym Americaanagh as Sostynagh. V'eh ruggit ayns Los Angeles, California, ny Steatyn Unnaneysit agh v'eh troggit ayns Epsom, Sostyn.

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Sandomierz

She balley ayns shiar yiass y Pholynn eh **Sandomierz** (; ; ;  ny ; ; ). 'Sy vlein 2006 va 25,714 deiney cummal ayn. Ta'n balley ny hoie ayns Queiggey Święty Krzyż, agh roish y vlein 1999 v'eh soit ayns Queiggey Tarnobrzeg eddyr ny bleeantyn 1975 as 1988. She preeu-valley Choontae Sandomierz veih'n vlein 1999 t'ayn.
Grudziądz

She ard-valley ayns twoaie meanagh y Pholynn eh **Grudziądz** (; ; ). Ta'n ard-valley ny lhie er yn awin Wisła ayns Queiggey Kujawy-Pomorze. Roish y vlein 1999 v'eh soit ayns Queiggey Toruń eddyr ny bleeantyn 1975 as 1998. 'Sy vlein 2010 va 96,042 sleih cummal 'syn ard-valley.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
*
Świecie

She balley ayns twoaie yn Pholynn eh **Świecie** (; ). 'Sy vlein 2006 va 25,968 deiney cummal ayn. T'eh ny hoie ayns Queiggey Kujawy-Pomorze, agh roish y vlein 1999 v'eh ny chooid jeh Queiggey Bydgoszcz eddyr ny bleeantyn 1975 as 1998. She preeu-valley Choontae Świecie t'ayn.

## Mooinjerys eddyr-ashoonagh

### Baljyn as ard-valjyn lannoonit
Ta Świecie goll er lannooney rish:
Płock

She ard-valley ayns mean y Pholynn eh **Płock** (). Ta'n ard-valley ny hoie er yn awin Wisła ayns Queiggey Masowsze. Roish y vlein 1999 v'eh ny phreeu-valley er Queiggey Płock (1975-1998). She preeu-valley v'eh er y Pholynn eddyr ny bleeantyn 1079 as 1138. 'Sy vlein 2009 va 126,675 sleih cummal 'syn ard-valley.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Ynnyd-eggey oikoil
* Boodeeys Ewagh ayns Płock er Virtual Shtetl
Włocławek

She ard-valley ta soit er ny h-awin Wisła as Zgłowiączka ayns twoaie yn Pholynn eh **Włocławek** (;  veih 1939 derrey 1945). 'Sy vlein 2009 va 117,785 deiney cummal 'syn ard-valley. T'eh soit ayns Queiggey Kujawy-Pomorze, agh, roish y vlein 1999 she preeu-valley er Queiggey Włocławek v'eh.

## Mooinjerys eddyrashoonagh

### Baljyn as ard-valjyn lannoonit
Ta Włocławek goll er lannooney rish:

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Ynnyd-eggey baljagh
Baie Gdańsk

She baie ayns shiar yiass y Vooir Valtagh eh **Baie Gdańsk** ny **Baie Danzig** (; ; , as ). Ta ennym y chaayr phurtagh Gdańsk 'sy Pholynn currit er.

## Baljyn as caayryn er y Vaie
* 'Sy Roosh:
** Kaliningrad
** Primorsk
** Baltiysk
* 'Sy Pholynn:
** Gdańsk
** Gdynia
** Puck
** Sopot
** Hel
Providence, Ellan Rhode

She preeu-valley yn steat Ellan Rhode ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit eh **Providence**.  T'eh coontit mastey ny h-ard-valjyn shinney ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit. She eshyn ta'n trass ard-valley smoo ayns Sostyn Noa, as y 37oo boodeeys moirvaljagh smoo 'syn ashoon. Ta'n boodeeys moirvaljagh, mysh 1,600,856 dy chummaltee, ny smoo na pobble-earroo Ellan Rhode er yn oyr dy vel eh skeaylley stiagh ayns Massachusetts yiass. Ta'n ard-valley soit ec inver Awin Providence ec Baie Narragansett.

Hie Providence er ny vunnaghey ayns 1636 ec Roger Williams, eebyrtagh crauee veih Coloin Vaie Massachusetts. Denmys eh yn ard er son "God's merciful Providence" (*Ard-chiarailys myghinagh Yee*) hoilshee magh kemmyrk dasyn as da ny h-eiyrtyssee echey, er lesh. Hynskylee Providence dy leah, as v'ee mie er enney er son cliejeenys as obbyr argid. Ta hoght thieyn lheihys as shiaght ynnydyn ollooscoillaght ayn, as ta'n ard-valley croghey er çhynskyl shirveishagh er y chooid smoo.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*  Ard-valley Providence, Ellan Rhode
Rolley coondaeghyn y Pholynn

Ta'n rolley shoh çheet er dagh **aarheynn as staydys coontae oc 'sy Pholynn**.

Ta'n coontae, ny powiat 'sy Pholynnish, ny rheynn jeh'n nah cheim rere aarheynnyn y Pholynn, eddyr ny queiggaghyn as ny baljaghtyn. Ta'n rolley goaill stiagh ny 314 coondaeghyn thallooin (*powiaty ziemskie*) as ny 65 coondaeghyn caayragh (*miasta na prawach powiatu* ny *powiaty grodzkie*).
Queiggey Opole

She queiggey 'sy Pholynn eh **Queiggey Opole** (; ; ). Va'n queiggey currit er bun ass shenn Wheiggey Opole as ayrnyn Wheiggey Częstochowa er 1 Jerrey Geuree 1999 rere conaantyn lhiassaghey yn ghurneilys ynnydagh va doltit 'sy vlein 1998. Ta ennym y phreeu-valley - Opole - currit er y wheiggey. She cooid jeh'n Tileesh t'ayn.

Ta Queiggey Opole çhemmit liorish Queiggey ny Sileesh Eeaghtyragh 'sy neear, liorish Queiggaghyn ny Polynn Mooar as Łódź 'sy twoaie, liorish Queiggey ny Sileesh 'sy niar, as liorish y Phobblaght Çheck 'sy jiass.
Queiggey yn Pholynn Vooar

She queiggey ayns sheear veanagh y Pholynn eh **Queiggey yn Pholynn Vooar** (, ). Va'n queiggey currit er bun ass ny shenn wheiggaghyn Poznań, Kalisz, Konin, Piła as Leszno er 1 Jerrey Geuree 1999 rere conaantyn lhiassaghey yn ghurneilys ynnydagh va doltit 'sy vlein 1998. Ta ennym ard y Pholynn Vooar ny *Wielkopolska* currit er y wheiggey. Ta'n queiggey noa-emshyragh goaill stiagh cooid vie jeh'n ard shenndeeagh shen agh ayrnyn heear yiass er lhimmey.

Ta Queiggey ny Polynn Mooar ny nah wheiggey smoo rere eaghtyr as ny trass queiggey smoo rere earroo yn phobble. She Poznań y preeu-valley; caayryn scanshoil elley t'ayn, t'ad goaill stiagh Kalisz, Konin, Piła, Ostrów Wielkopolski as Gniezno. Tan queiggey çhemmit liorish shiaght queiggaghyn elley: ta Pomorze Heear 'sy neear hwoaie, Pomorze 'sy twoaie, Kujawy-Pomorze 'sy niar hwoaie, Łódź 'sy niar yiass, Opole 'sy jiass, y Tileesh Eeaghtyragh 'sy neear yiass as Lubusz 'sy neear.
Queiggey Kujawy-Pomorze

She queiggey ayns mean y Pholynn eh **Queiggey Kujawy-Pomorze** (, ). Ta ennym ny h-ardjyn shenndeeagh Kujawy as Pomorze currit er y wheiggey er yn oyr dy vel y queiggey ny hoie er y joarey eddyr oc. She Bydgoszcz as Toruń y daa phreeu-valley er y wheiggey.

Ta'n queiggey çhemmit liorish queig queiggaghyn elley: Queiggey Pomorze 'sy twoaie, Queiggey Warmia-Mazury 'sy niar hwoaie, Queiggey Mazowsze 'sy niar, Queiggey Łódź 'sy jiass, as Queiggey ny Polynn Mooar 'sy jiass as 'sy neear.

## Caayryn as baljyn
Ta'n queiggey goaill stiagh 52 chaayr. Shoh rolley ny baljyn shen rere earroo yn phobble (rere earrooyn oikoil 'sy vlein 2006 ):

## Imraaghyn
Queiggey Pomorze Heear

She queiggey ayns sheear hwoaie yn Pholynn eh **Queiggey Pomorze Heear** (, ). T'eh çhemmit liorish Queiggey Pomorze 'sy niar, liorish Queiggey ny Polynn Mooar 'sy niar yiass, liorish Queiggey Lubusz 'sy jiass, liorish ny steatyn Germaanagh Mecklenburg-Vorpommern as Brandenburg 'sy neear, as liorish y Vooir Valtagh 'sy twoaie. She Szczecin y preeu-valley as y chaayr smoo ayn.

Va'n queiggey currit er bun ass ny shenn wheiggaghyn Szczecin as Koszalin as ayrnyn dy wheiggaghyn elley er 1 Jerrey Geuree 1999. Ta ennym yn ard shenndeeagh Pomorze currit er y wheiggey.

## Caayryn as baljyn
Ta 64 caayryn as baljyn 'sy wheiggey. Shoh rolley ny caayryn as baljyn rere earroo yn phobble (rere earrooyn oikoil 'sy vlein 2006 ):

## Imraaghyn
Queiggey Warmia-Mazury

She queiggey ayns shiar hwoaie yn Pholynn eh **Queiggey Warmia-Mazury** (, ). She Olsztyn y preeu-valley as y chaayr smoo ayn. Ta'n queiggey 24,192 km2 (9,341 mi ker) er eaghtyr as 'sy vlein 2006 va 1,427,091 deiney cummal ayn.

Va'n queiggey currit er bun ass Queiggey Olsztyn as ayrnyn jeh ny queiggaghyn Suwałki as Elbląg er 1 Jerrey Geuree 1999. Ta ennym y daa ard shenndeeagh - Warmia as Mazury - currit er y wheiggey noa-emshyragh.

Ta'n queiggey çhemmit liorish Queiggey Podlasie 'sy niar, liorish Queiggey Mazowsze 'sy jiass, liorish Queiggey Kujawy-Pomorze 'sy neear yiass, liorish Queiggey Pomorze 'sy neear, liorish Mooirlagh Wisła 'sy neear hwoaie, as liorish Queiggey Kaliningrad (cooid jeh'n Roosh) 'sy twoaie.

## Caayryn as baljyn
Ta 49 caayryn as baljyn 'sy wheiggey. Shoh heese rolley ny caayryn as baljyn rere earroo yn phobble (rere earrooyn oikoil 'sy vlein 2006):

## Imraaghyn
Skarszewy

She balley ayns twoaie yn Pholynn eh **Skarszewy** (; ; ). T'eh soit 40 km çheu yiass veih Gdańsk, eddyr Kościerzyna as Tczew, ayns Coontae Starogard, Queiggey Pomorze. 'Sy vlein 2009 va begnagh 7,000 deiney cummal 'sy valley.
Yn Phroosh (ard)

She ard shenndeeagh 'syn Oarpey Veanagh ee **yn Phroosh** (; ; ; ; ). T'ee goll er sheeyney magh veih'n Vooir Valtagh gys Slyst Loghyn Mazury. Jiu, t'ee goll er rheynn magh eddyr y Pholynn, y Roosh as y Litaan.
Queiggey Święty Krzyż

She queiggey ayns mean y Pholynn eh **Queiggey Święty Krzyż** (, ). T'eh ny hoie ayns ard henndeeagh y Pholynn Veg. Ta ennym ny sleityn Święty Krzyż currit er y wheiggey. She Kielce y preeu-valley as y chaayr smoo ayn.

Ta Queiggey Święty Krzyż çhemmit liorish shey queiggaghyn elley: t'eh çhemmal liorish Queiggey Mazowsze 'sy twoaie, liorish Queiggey Lublin 'sy niar, liorish Queiggey Podkarpacie 'sy niar yiass, liorish Queiggey ny Polynn Mooar 'sy jiass, liorish Queiggey ny Sileesh 'sy neear yiass, as liorish Queiggey Łódź 'sy neear hwoaie.

Va'n queiggey currit er bun er 1 Jerrey Geuree 1999 ass Queiggey Kielce as yn ayrn heear dy Wheiggey Tarnobrzeg. T'eh 11,672 kilomeaderyn kerrinagh (4,507 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Rere shen t'eh ny nah wheiggey sloo mastey queiggaghyn y Pholynn (lurg Queiggey Opole). 'Sy vlein 2006 va 1,281,796 deiney cummal ayn.

## Caayryn as baljyn
Ta 31 chaayr as valley soit 'sy wheiggey. Shoh rolley ny caayryn as baljyn shen rere earroo yn phobble (rere earrooyn oikoil y vlein 2006 ):

## Imraaghyn
Queiggey yn Tileesh

She queiggey ayns jiass y Pholynn eh **Queiggey yn Tileesh** (, ; ). Er y chooid smoo t'eh ny hoie ayns ard henndeeagh y Tileesh Eaghtyragh (), agh ta'n ayrn hiar ny chooid jeh'n Pholynn Veg. She Katowice yn preeu-valley.

Va'n queiggey bunnit er 1 Jerrey Geuree 1999 ass Queiggaghyn Katowice, Częstochowa as Bielsko-Biała. T'eh çhemmit liorish liorish Queiggey Opole 'sy neear, liorish Queiggey Łódź 'sy twoaie, liorish Queiggey Święty Krzyż 'sy niar hwoaie, liorish Queiggey yn Pholynn Veg 'sy niar, as liorish y Phobblaght Çheck as y Clovack 'sy jiass.

## Caayryn as baljyn
Ta 71 chaayr as valley ayns Queiggey ny Sileesh. Shoh heese rolley ny baljyn as ny caayryn rere earroo yn phobble (rere earrooyn oikoil y vlein 2006):

## Imraaghyn
Sopot

She ard-valley ayns Pomorze Hiar er coose yiass y Vooir Valtagh ayns twoaie yn Pholynn, eh **Sopot** (; ; ). Ta mysh 40,000 sleih cummal 'syn ard-valley.

She ard-valley as staydys coontae echey t'ayn. T'eh ny hoie ayns Queiggey Pomorze, agh roish y vlein 1999 she ayrn lesh Queiggey Gdańsk v'eh. T'eh ny hoie eddyr ny h-ard-valjyn mooarey Gdynia 'sy twoaie as Gdańsk 'sy niar yiass. Ta ny tree ard-valjyn shen ry-cheilley jannoo seose y covaljys moirvaljagh Trójmiasto.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
*
Queiggey Łódź

She queiggey ayns mean y Pholynn eh **Queiggey Łódź** (, ). V'eh currit er bun er 1 Jerrey Geuree 1999 ass ny sçhenn wheigaghyn Łódź, Sieradz, Piotrków Trybunalski as Skierniewice, as cooid jeh Queiggey Płock. Ta ennym y phreeu-valley as y chaayr smoo, Łódź, currit er y wheiggey.

Ta Queiggey Łódź çhemmit liorish shey queiggaghyn elley: t'eh çhemmit liorish Queiggey Mazowsze 'sy twoaie as 'sy niar, liorish Queiggey Święty Krzyż 'sy niar yiass, liorish Queiggey yn Tileesh 'sy jiass, liorish Queiggey Opole 'sy neear yiass, liorish Queiggey yn Pholynn Vooar 'sy neear, as liorish Queiggey Kujawy-Pomorze, feie joarey giare, 'sy twoaie. She chooid jeh ny h-ardjyn shenndeeagh Mazowsze ('sy niar), y Pholynn Vooar ('sy neear) as y Pholynn Veg ('sy niar yiass mygeayrt y valley Opoczno) v'ee.

## Caayryn as baljyn
Ta 44 caayryn as baljyn soit 'sy wheiggey. Shoh heese ny caayryn as ny baljyn rere earroo yn phobble (rere earrooyn oikoil y vlein 2006):

## Imraaghyn