open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
India Eisley

She ben-aghteyr Americaanagh ee **India Joy Eisley** (ruggit er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 1993). Ta enney urree er son e paartyn er çhellveeish myr Ashley Juergens 'sy straih ABC Family *[[The Secret Life of the American Teenager]]* (2008–2013), myr Audrina 'sy fillym lesh Lifetime *[[My Sweet Audrina]]* (2016), as myr Fauna Hodel 'sy straih TNT *[[I Am the Night (straih hellveeish)|I Am the Night]]* (2019). Ta e filmyn goaill stiagh ** (2012), *[[Kite (fillym 2014)|Kite]]* (2014), as *[[Social Suicide (fillym)|Social Suicide]]* (2015).

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Spies in Disguise

She fillym jantys Americaanagh veih'n vlein 2019 ta bioghit lesh co-earrooder eh ***Spies in Disguise***. Va'n fillym gientit liorish Blue Sky Studios as rheynnit ec 20th Century Fox.  Va'n fillym stiurit ec Troy Quane as Nick Bruno as screeuit ec Brad Copeland as Lloyd Taylor. Ta'n fillym goaill stiagh gooyn Will Smith, Tom Holland, Rashida Jones, Ben Mendelsohn, Reba McEntire, Rachel Brosnahan, Karen Gillan, DJ Khaled, as Masi Oka.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
*
Frank Schlesinger

She rollageyder Americaanagh va **Frank Schlesinger** (11 Boaldyn 1871 – 10 Jerrey Souree 1943). Va'n obbyr echey jeerit er ymmyd plaityn fotografeeagh ayns ynnyd studeyryssyn sooilley jeeragh da'n ronsaghey rollageydagh. Veih 1899 derrey 1903, v'eh ny rollageyder ec Reayrtlann Yerkes raad ren eh kioneraaidey yn ymmyd jeh saaseyn fotografeeagh dy chronnaghey parallacksyn rollageagh. V'eh ny stiureyder er Reayrtlann Allegheny veih 1903 derrey 1920 as er Reayrtlann Ollooscoill Yale veih 1920 derrey 1941.

Tra v'eh ec Yale, ren eh obbraghey marish Ida Barney. Chur eh ry-cheilley as hoilshee eh magh yn Yale Bright Star Catalogue. Haghyr y chied chlou jeh eiyrtyssyn yn obbyr shen ayns 1925 (*Transactions of the Yale University Observatory*, v. 4) as haink jerrey lesh yn obbyr shen ayns ny 1980yn. Chammah's shen, chur eh dy mooar rish y veadraght rollageagh.

## Noteyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
*
Eadwig

She Ree Hostyn veih 23 Sauin 955 derrey laa e vaaish va **Eadwig** ny **Edwy** (940/941 – 1 Jerrey Fouyir 959). Va Eadwig ny vac shinney lesh y Ree Edmund I as Noo Elgiva. Va Eadwig reiht ayns 955 dy gholl stiagh ayns ynnyd e naim Eadred myr Ree.

Shymmey streeu v'ayn car e lhing myr ree. Va crampyssyn ayn çheusthie jeh'n vooinjer echey, lesh ny thaneyn, as lesh yn Agglish Chatoleagh Raueagh fo stiurey Dunstan as yn Ard-aspick Oda veih Canterbury. Hooar Eadwig baase tra v'eh hoght ny nuy bleeaney jeig d'eash as haink e vraar, Edgar, stiagh ayns e ynnyd.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Edwy ec ynnyd-eggey oikoil y vonarkaght Ghoaldagh
* 
*
Golda Meir

She politickeyr as diploamagh Israelagh va **Golda Meir** (ruggit myr **Golda Mabovitch**;  1898 – 8 Nollick 1978). V'ee ruggit ayns Kyiv ayns Impiraght y Roosh, agh v'ee troggit ayns Milwaukee, Wisconsin, ny Steatyn Unnaneysit. Va gerrym heihll oddey pholitickagh eck ayns Israel. Chossyn ee currym y chiarroo Ard-vinishter er Israel as, ec y traa shen, cha row ee agh y trass ben er y theihll ve myr ard-vinishter çheerey erbee. Hooar ee yn lhiass-ennym "y Ven Yiarn" kyndagh rish e aght jeelys as shickyr eck.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* Golda Meir ec Shirveishaght Chooishyn Joarree Israel

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1646

**1646** (MDCXLVI), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jelhune rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein chadjin ghow toshiaght Jerdein rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 23 Nollick &ndash; Hug ny Conaanteyderyn y Ree Çhalse I Hostyn dys ny h-Ard-whaiylee.

## Ruggyryn
* 6 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Jan Van Cleef, peinteyr Flandrynagh (b. 1716)
* 12 Averil &ndash; Pietro Dandini, peinteyr Iddaalagh (b. 1712)
* 1 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, fallsoonagh, oayllee, as maddaghteyr Germaanagh (b. 1716)
* 19 Luanistyn &ndash; John Flamsteed, rollageyder Goaldagh (b. 1719)
* 8 Sauin &ndash; Cresheld Draper, politickeyr Sostynagh (b. 1694)

## Baaseyn
* 11 Mayrnt &ndash; Stanisław Koniecpolski, sidoor as steateyr Polynnagh (r. c. 1592)
* 23 Mean Souree &ndash; Jakub Sobieski, Polynnagh ooasle (r. 1590)
* 1 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Francis Windebank, steateyr Sostynagh (r. 1582)
* 3 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Virgilio Mazzocchi, cummeyder Barockagh Iddaalagh (r. 1597)
Earrooyn Raueagh

She corys earrooanyn ad **earrooyn Raueagh**, ny **earrooanyn Raueagh**, as y bun oc 'sy Çhenn Raue. V'ad freillt myr aght screeuee earrooyn feie'n Oarpey derrey ny Mean Eashyn Jeianagh. Ta ny h-earrooyn screeuit lesh cochianglaghyn lettyryn veih'n abbyrlhit Ladjynagh, as leagh slane-earroo shickyr currit da dagh lettyr. Cha nel yn aght noa-emshyragh gymmydey agh ny shiaght lettyryn shoh:

Va ymmyd ny h-earrooyn Raueagh freillt foddey lurg jerrey as tuittym Impiraght y Raue. Hoshee sleih gymmydey earrooyn Arabagh ayns ynnyd ny h-earrooyn Raueagh veih'n 14oo eash; ansherbee, s'moal va'n loaghtey shen, as ta earrooyn Raueagh foast ayn ayns obbraghyn ennagh derrey yn laa t'ain.

Myr sampleyr, t'ad foast ry-akin er eddinyn cluig, lheid as er y chlag Big Ben (v'er ny chiaddey ayns 1852), raad ta ny h-ooryn screeuit myr:

Foddee ny screeuynyn  as  ve lhaiht myr "un ny sloo na queig" (4) as "un ny sloo na jeih" (9), ga dy vel tradishoon ayn ta cur foayr ta screeu yn earroo "4" myr "" er cluig earrooyn Raueagh.

Ta ymmydyn cadjin elley goaill stiagh bleeantyn er lhiaghtyn as troggalyssyn as dateyn coip-chiart er scaaghyn filmyn as claareeyn çhellveeish. Ta , ta cowraghey "thousane, as keead ny sloo na thousane elley", meanal 1900, as, er-yn-oyr shen, ta 1912 screeuit myr . Da bleeantyn yn eash roie (21d), ta  shassoo er son 2000. She  () y vlein shoh.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
*
1716

**1716** (MDCCXVI), she blein vishee v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jecrean rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein vishee ghow toshiaght Jedoonee rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 10 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Hea James Edward Stuart veih Nalbin gys y Rank lesh possan beg dy gheiney niartee, lurg brishey irree-magh Jamyssagh 1715.
* 3 Luanistyn &ndash; Va Natchez, nane jeh ny baljyn shinney er Awin Mississippi, bunnit ec shivoilee Rangagh ec ynnyd Fort Rosalie.

## Ruggyryn
* 12 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Antonio de Ulloa, gineraal as sheanseyr Spaainagh (b. 1795)
* 8 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Pasquale Cafaro, cummeyder Iddaalagh (b. 1787)
* 6 Mayrnt &ndash; Pehr Kalm, sheanseyr Finnlynnagh (b. 1779)
* 12 Averil &ndash; Felice Giardini, cummeyder as biol-chloieder Iddaalagh (b. 1796)
* 18 Luanistyn &ndash; Johan Maurits Mohr, bochilley anmey as rollageyder Ollanagh-Germaanagh (b. 1775)
* 19 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Jan Jacob Schultens, çhengoayllee Ollanagh (b. 1788)

## Baaseyn
* 19 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Dorothe Engelbretsdotter, y chied ven-ughtar keirdey ayns Norlynn (r. 1634)
* 5 Mean Souree &ndash; Roger Cotes, maddaghteyr as fallsoonagh Sostynagh (r. 1682)
* 25 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Johann Christoph Pez, cummeyder Germaanagh (r. 1664)
* 14 Sauin &ndash; Gottfried Leibniz, fallsoonagh, sheanseyr, as maddaghteyr Germaanagh (r. 1646)
1712

**1712** (MDCCXII), she blein vishee v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jeheiney rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein vishee ghow toshiaght Jemart rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 19 Boaldyn &ndash; Scugh Peddyr Mooar preeu-valley yn Roosh veih Moscow gys Caayr Pheddyr.
* Mean Fouyir &ndash; Darree yn cummeyder George Frideric Handel dys Lunnin lesh kiedoonys veih e phatroon, y Ree ry-heet Shorys I y Vretyn Vooar.

## Ruggyryn
* 5 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Ludwig van Beethoven, arraneyder as stiureyder kiaull keirdey Germaanagh va ruggit 'sy Flandyryn, shennayr lesh y chummeyder jeh'n ennym cheddin (b. 1773)
* 2 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Lydia Taft, suffrageyr Americaanagh (b. 1778)
* 22 Mayrnt &ndash; Edward Moore, dramadeyr Sostynagh (b. 1757)
* 23 Averil &ndash; Devasahayam Pillai, Catoleagh Injinagh bannit (b. 1752)
* 11 Mean Souree &ndash; Benjamin Ingham, sushtallagh Americaanagh (b. 1772)
* 8 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Alison Cockburn, feelee Albinagh (b. 1794)

## Baaseyn
* 27 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Bahadur Shah I, Impir Mogylagh yn Injey (r. 1643)
* 28 Mayrnt &ndash; Jan van der Heyden, peinteyr Ollanagh (r. 1637)
* 12 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Richard Cromwell, Çhiarn Choadeyder Hostyn, ny h-Albey, as Nerin (r. 1626)
* 7 Luanistyn &ndash; Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow, cummeyder Germaanagh (r. 1663)
* 25 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Ōkubo Tadatomo, daimyō Shapaanagh (r. 1632)
* 30 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Daniel Erich, organeyr as cummeyder Germaanagh (r. 1649)
1635

**1635** (MDCXXXV), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jelhune rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein chadjin ghow toshiaght Jerdein rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 25 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Scugh y Ree Thalun preeu-valley yn Vurmey veih Pegu gys Ava.
* 22 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Va'n *[[Académie française]]* ayns Paarys jeant seose dy formoil, myr undinys ashoonagh cour freayltys y Rangish.

## Ruggyryn
* 25 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Daniel Casper von Lohenstein, screeudeyr, diploamagh, as leighder Germaanagh (b. 1683)
* 18 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Johan Göransson Gyllenstierna, steateyr Soolynnagh (b. 1680)
* 10 Mayrnt &ndash; Jan van Buken, peinteyr Flandrynagh (b. 1690)
* 6 Boaldyn &ndash; Johann Joachim Becher, kemmigagh Germaanagh (b. 1682)
* 30 Luanistyn &ndash; Pieter Spierinckx, peinteyr Flandrynagh (b. 1711)
* 9 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Andrzej Stech, peinteyr Polynnagh (b. 1697)
* 23 Nollick &ndash; Ottaviano Jannella, jallooder Iddaalagh (b. 1661)

## Baaseyn
* 7 Luanistyn &ndash; Friedrich von Spee, screeudeyr Germaanagh (r. 1591)
* 10 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Johann Ulrich Steigleder, cummeyder Germaanagh (r. 1593)
* 25 Nollick &ndash; Samuel de Champlain, ronseyder Frangagh as bunneyder Québec (r. c. 1567)
Victoria Kaspi

She fishigagh rollageagh Canadagh as olloo ec Ollooscoill McGill ee **Victoria Michelle Kaspi** (ruggit er 30 Mean Souree 1967). Ta e ronsaghey jeerit er y chooid smoo er rollageyn naeearaneagh as pulsaryn.

## Coorse as ronsaghey
Lurg currymyn ec California Institute of Technology, y Jet Propulsion Laboratory, as Massachusetts Institute of Technology, ghow ee ynnyd olloo-rheynn ec McGill ayns 1999. Ayns McGill, ghow ee shelloo er nane jeh ny chied Chaairliee Ronsee 'sy Chanadey, as ayns 2006 v'ee enmyssit Olloo Lorne Trottier yn Ishig Rollageagh. Chammah's shen, she Oltey Sheshey ee ayns Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. 

Ren baghtyn Kaspi er y phulsar ta kianglt rish remlad yn ard-rollage noa G11.2–0.3 ayns co-hollys y Tideyr, lesh ymmyd Reayrtlann Scell-X Chandra X-ray, taishbyney dy row yn pulsar soit dy jeeragh ec çheshvean cruinn yn ard-rollage noa, chur ny Sheenee shilley er cha foddey sheear as ayns 386 BNJ. Va'n pulsar shoh ny nah phulsar ennit ve kianglt rish remlad ard-rollage noa, lurg y chied phulsar ayns Neeal y Phartan, as chur e studeyryssyn dy mooar rish y vooinjerys sheiltynit eddyr pulsaryn as ard-rollageyn noa. Chammah's shen, chur y baght shen scaa doo er saaseyn dateaghey pulsaryn hie roish (cormid chassee); hug ny saaseyn shen fys dooin dy row yn pulsar 12 cheayrt ro henn dy ve piyrit rish yn ard-rollage noa.

Hug ronsaghey Kaspi lesh y Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer fys dooin dy row shin jargal cur sheese er aavuilleyderyn gamma boggey, mmoiraghyn rollageagh dy scoltaghyn meereiltagh jeh scellyn gamma, as pulsaryn scell-X amreiltagh, ppulsaryn lesh magheryn magnaidagh ta çhyndaa dy moal, myr magnetaryn.

Chur ee cooney rish feddynys y phulsar lesh y chormid çhyndaaee s'tappee, PSR J1748-2446ad,  dhossanyn rollageagh lesh ard-ghlooaght dy phulsaryn, as (gymmydey Fodreayrtan Green Bank) "aa-choorsal tuinnagh" jeh pulsar moal-hyndaaee gys pulsar millitootçhey ny s'tappee.

## Imraaghyn
Alexis Bouvard

She rollageyder Frangagh va **Alexis Bouvard** (27 Mean Souree 1767 &ndash; 7 Mean Souree 1843). Ta enney mie er kyndagh rish e vaghtyn imneagh er meereiltyssyn ayns gleashaght Uraanus as e heiltynys raad heill eh dy row planaid elley, y hoghtoo planaid, ayns Corys ny Greiney.

## Beashnys
Va Bouchard ruggit ayns Contamines, Diucaght Savoy. Ta e chooilleeinaghyn goaill stiagh feddynys hoght comaidyn as çhaglym taabylyn rollageydagh Jupiter, Harn, as Uraanus. Ga dy row y chied daa haabyl rahoil, shymmey neureggyrtys v'ayn 'syn 'er jerrinagh ayns cosoylaght rish baghtyn ny s'anmey. Hug ny neureggyrtyssyn shen Bouvard dys yn eie dy row yn hoghtoo planaid freggyrtagh er son ny meereiltyssyn ayns cruinlagh Uraanus. Va soiagheyn Neptioon co-earrooit veih baghtyn Bouvard liorish Urbain Le Verrier lurg e vaaish.

Va Bouvard reiht myr stiureydery Reayrtlann Phaarys lurg ghow eh toshiaght ayn myr rollageyder scollag ayns 1793 as eh gobbraghey fo Pierre-Simon Laplace. Hooar eh baase ayns Paarys ayns 1843.

## Imraaghyn
Melissa Aldana

She sacsafonee tennoragh Shilleeagh ee **Melissa Aldana** (ruggit er 3 Nollick 1988). T'ee cloie lioree hene as marish e bann Melissa Aldana & Crash Trio.

## Imraaghyn
Kate Upton

She craishteyder as ben-aghteyr Americaanagh ee **Katherine Elizabeth Upton** (ruggit er 10 Mean Souree 1992). Haink ee magh da'n chied cheayrt ayns ''Sports Illustrated'' Swimsuit Issue ayns 2011, as v'ee ny craishteyder coodee da clouyn ny bleeantyn 2012, 2013 as 2017. Chammah's shen, v'ee taishbynit er coodagh y 100oo feailley bleeaney jeh *[[Vanity Fair (earishlioar)|Vanity Fair]]*.

Ta Upton er ny chloie ayns filmyn lheid as *[[Tower Heist]]* (2011), *[[The Other Woman (fillym 2014)|The Other Woman]]* (2014) as *[[The Layover (fillym)|The Layover]]* (2017).

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
*
Robots (fillym 2005)

She fillym contoyrtys Americaanagh veih'n vlein 2005 ta bioghit lesh co-earrooder eh ***Robots***. Va'n fillym gientit liorish Blue Sky Studios as rheynnit ec 20th Century Fox. Va'n fillym stiurit ec Chris Wedge as screeuit ec David Lindsay-Abaire, Lowell Ganz as Babaloo Mandel. Ta'n fillym goaill stiagh gooyn Ewan McGregor, Halle Berry, Greg Kinnear, Mel Brooks, Amanda Bynes, Drew Carey, as Robin Williams.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
*
Rio (fillym 2011)

She fillym aittys contoyrtys kiaullee bioghit Americaanagh veih'n vlein 2011 eh ***Rio***. Va'n fillym gientit liorish Blue Sky Studios as 20th Century Fox Animation. V'eh stiurit ec Carlos Saldanha veih scaa-chloie va screeuit liorish Don Rhymer, Joshua Sternin, Jeffrey Ventimilia, as Sam Harper, as bunnit er skeeal va sheiltynit ec Saldanha as y fwirran screeuee Earl Richey Jones as Todd Jones. Ta'n enmys çheet er yn ard-valley Brasseelagh Rio de Janeiro, raad ta'n fillym bunnit. Ta'n fillym goaill stiagh gooyn Anne Hathaway, Jesse Eisenberg, Jemaine Clement, Leslie Mann, George Lopez, as Jamie Foxx. T'eh ginsh skeeal Blu (Eisenberg), macaw Spix firryn meeinit va currit dys Rio de Janeiro dy chubblaghey rish Jewel (Hathaway), macaw Spix bwoirrin aachreeit. Ta'n piyr tuittym ayns graih fy-yerrey, as lhisagh y piyr scapail veih'n roieder Nigel (Clement), cockatoo ta geearree Blu as Jewel y chreck er y Vargey Doo marish e gheng roiederyn.

Lhiassee Saldanha e chied heiltynys jeh *Rio* sheear ayns 2005, raad ta spennig skeabit er y traie ayns Rio. Hooar Saldanha fys er gientyn ny filmyn *[[Happy Feet]]* (2006) as *[[Surf's Up (fillym)|Surf's Up]]* (2007), as cheaghil eh yn sheiltynys dy ghoaill stiagh ny macawyn as nyn jymmyltaghtyn ayns Rio. Ren eh treeal yn eie dys Chris Wedge ayns 2006, as va'n shalee currit er bun ec Blue Sky. Chur ad fys er ny preeu-aghteyryn ayns 2009. Car y ghientyn, ren y skimmee keayrt er Rio de Janeiro as ghow ad coyrle lesh oayllee er macawyn ec Garey Baagh Bronx dy yannoo studeyrys er ny gleashaghtyn oc.

Hie *Rio* er ny skeaylley magh da'n chied cheayrt er 22 Mayrnt 2011 ayns Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro, roish my row eh skeayllit magh da'n phobble cadjin er 15 Averil 2011 liorish 20th Century Fox. Hooar y fillym baghteyryssyn jarrooagh veih ny cremeyderyn fillym, ren moylley ny jallooyn, y cloie goo, ny karacteyryn, as y chiaull. Va rah mooar ec y fillym ec ny h-oikyn tiggad chammah, as chossyn eh $143 millioon ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit as $484 millioonyn er feie ny cruinney. Va'n fillym enmyssit da'n Arrane Bunneydagh Share ry-hoi'n arrane "Real in Rio" ec 84oo Aundyryn Academy. Haink fillym eiyrtyssagh, *[[Rio 2]]*, magh er 11 Averil 2014.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Kerruish

She sliennoo Manninagh eh **Kerruish**. Ta'n sliennoo çheet ass **', ny "mac 'Ergus" raad chaill yn **' yn "m" ec toshiaght yn 'ockle. Ta persoonyn ard-ghooagh lesh y cliennoo shen goaill stiagh:

*Charles Kerruish (1917–2003), Loayreyder y Chiare as Feed
*Mike Kerruish (1948–2010), Chied Vriw as politickeyr
*Sarah Kerruish, stiureyder, gienteyder, as screeudeyr filmyn feanishagh

## Imraaghyn
Laetitia Casta

She craishteyder as ben-aghteyr Frangagh ee **Laetitia Marie Laure Casta** (ruggit er 11 Boaldyn 1978).

Haink Casta dy ve ny craishteyder "GUESS? Girl" ayns 1993 as hooar ee tooilley enney myr Victoria's Secret Angel veih 1998 derrey 2000 as myr loayrtagh da'n cholught cosmaidagh L'Oréal. T'ee er ny ve taishbynit er ny smoo na 250 coodee earishlioar lheid as *[[Cosmopolitan (earishlioar)|Cosmopolitan]]*, *[[Vogue (earishlioar)|Vogue]]*, *[[Rolling Stone]]*, *[[Elle (earishlioar)|Elle]]* as *[[Glamour (earishlioar)|Glamour]]*, as hooill ee ny roie-vollee da kiaddeyderyn lheid as Yves Saint Laurent, Jean-Paul Gaultier, Chanel, Dior, Dolce & Gabbana, Paco Rabanne, Kenzo, Louis Vuitton, Christian Lacroix, Roberto Cavalli, Jacquemus, Ralph Lauren as Vivienne Westwood.

Myr ben-aghteyr, chloie Casta ayns filmyn lheid as *[[Asterix and Obelix vs. Caesar]]* (1999), *[[Nés en 68]]* (2008), *[[Visage (fillym 2009)|Visage]]* (2009), *[[Gainsbourg (vie héroïque)]]* (2010), chossyn j'ee enmyssaght da Aundyr César da'n Ven-aghteyr Co-hassooagh Share, *[[Arbitrage (fillym)|Arbitrage]]* (2012), *[[L'Homme fidèle]]* (2018) as *[[La Croisade]]* (2021).

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*  
* 
*
Gamman-feeshan

Ta **gammanyn-feeshan** çheet er gammanyn lectraneagh ta cloiet er scaailan, lheid as scaailan çhellooishan, taishbyneyr co-earrooder, saaseyn laue, ny saaseyn king da rieughid hoyllee.

Shymmey shaanrey dy ghammanyn-feeshan t'ayn, goaill stiagh gammanyn paart-chloie, gammanyn gunneraght, as ardaneyryn.

Ta gammanyn-feeshan ry-gheddyn er CDyn, DVDyn ny myr jeelaad bun-earrooagh. Va ram gammanyn-feeshan ry-gheddyn er cartooseyn keayrt. She console yn ennym ta currit er y taase ta ymmydit dy chloie gammanyn-feeshan 'sy valley. Shymmey console as co-earrooder thie t'ayn, as v'ayn, son dy chloie gammanyn-feeshan. Ta'n Atari 2600 ayns ny 1970yn as y Sega Master System as y Nintendo Entertainment System ayns ny 1980yn coontit mastey ny chied chonsoleyn. Ta Xbox Series X lesh Microsoft, PlayStation 5 lesh Sony, as Nintendo Switch lesh Nintendo coontit mastey ny king s'noaee. Y console smoo creckit v'ayn rieau, she yn PlayStation 2 lesh Sony.

Ta sleih elley cloie gammanyn-feeshan er co-earrooderyn, as t'ad enmyssey ny gammanyn-feeshan shen gammanyn PC, gammanyn CP, ny gammanyn co-earrooder. Cha nel gammanyn noa er ny lhiassaghey dy mennick da ny consoleyn shinney, agh ta gammanyn console goll er co-eiyrt da co-earrooderyn persoonagh (jeeagh er co-eiyrtagh). T'eh shen lhiggey dooin gammanyn da shenn chonsoleyn y chloie er co-earrooderyn chammah's gammanyn va jeant da co-earrooderyn ny lomarcan.

Foddee sleih cloie gammanyn-feeshan shooylagh boayl erbee. Foddee gammanyn-feeshan ve jeelaadit er saaseyn shooylagh, myr adsyn ta gobbraghey lesh coryssyn obbree lheid as iOS ny Android. Shymmey gamman ta ry-gheddyn er shooylee, as ta kuse jeu gymmydey co-eiyrtagh shooylagh da gammanyn veih consoleyn. Ansherbee, cha nel dagh gamman-feeshan da'n cho-earrooder persoonagh ny da'n chonsole ry-gheddyn er shooylee ny er yn iPad/ iPod/boayrdag.

Ta cloiederyn gamman-feeshan enmyssey co-hirraghyn spoyrtyn lectraneagh, ny spoyrtyn-L myr aa-gherrid.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* "Bibliography: books about videogames", liorish y çheshaght ronsee Rangagh da gammanyn-feeshan *Ludoscience*
* The Virtual Museum of Computing (VMoC) (er ny hashtey er 10 Jerrey Fouyir 2014)
Telstar 1

She cruinlag hellinsh anvio eh **Telstar 1**. V'eh launshit liorish NASA er 10 Jerrey Souree 1962. She eshyn va'n chied chruinlag chur rish y chied scaalheaney jeh jallooyn çhellveeish eddyr ny Steatyn Unnaneysit as yn Oarpey. Cha dannee Telstar 1 bio agh feie shiaght meeghyn roish my ren eh failleil kyndagh rish Starfish Prime, pprowaltys çheshveanagh feer ard va jeant ec ny Steatyn Unnaneysit. Ga nagh vel y chruinlag foast gobbraghey, t'eh foast cruinlaghey yn Dowan.

## Kianglaghyn magh
* Telstar. N2yo.com
* Clouagyn as coodee bentyn rish Telstar I . National Postal Museum
1493

**1493** (MCDXCIII), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jemayrnt rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 4 Boaldyn &ndash; 'Sy vulley paabagh echey, *[[Inter caetera]]*, haree yn Paab Alistair VI dy nee Spaainagh dagh thalloo veeys feddynit magh 100 leegyn ny ny s'odjey sheear veih ny h-Ellanyn Asoar
* 24 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Ren Christopher Columbus faagail Cádiz er e nah varrinys ronsee.
* *Date gyn fys*
**Haink Huayna Capac dy ve ny impir er yn Impiraght Incagh.
**Chroo Leonardo da Vinci yn chied chummey da etlan cassee.

## Ruggyryn
* 26 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Min Bin, ree Arakan (b. 1554)
* 25 Averil &ndash; Giovanni Gaddi, saggyrt Iddaalagh (b. 1542)
* 29 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Yi Gwang-sik, politickeyr as gineraal Koreeagh (b. 1563)
* 25 Nollick &ndash; Antoinette de Bourbon, ben ooasle Frangagh (b. 1583)

## Baaseyn
* 14 Boaldyn &ndash; Nannina de' Medici, oltey vooinjer de' Medici (r. 1448)
* 9 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Mirko Derenčin, toshiagh Croitagh
* *Date gyn fys*
** Martín Alonso Pinzón, lhuingysseyr as ronseyder Spaainagh (r. c. 1441)
** Tupac Inca Yupanqui, reireyder Incagh er Tahuantinsuyu
1470

**1470** (MCDLXX), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jelhune rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 12 Mayrnt &ndash; Caggaghyn ny Roseyn ayns Sostyn &ndash; Cah Losecoat Field: Chur Reeraghtys York Reeraghtys Lancaster fo haart.

## Ruggyryn
* 9 Averil &ndash; Giovanni Angelo Testagrossa, cummeyder Iddaalagh (b. 1530)
* 30 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Impir Hongzhi yn Çheen (b. 1505)

## Baaseyn
* 15 Boaldyn &ndash; Çhalse VIII y Toolynn (r. 1409)
* 23 Sauin &ndash; Gaston, Prinse Viana (r. 1444)
1734

**1734** (MDCCXXXIV), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jeheiney rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein chadjin ghow toshiaght Jemayrt rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 8 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Ren Salzburgee, Lutheree va ceaut magh liorish Aspick Catoleagh Raueagh Salzburg, yn Austeyr, shiaulley dys Coloin Ghoaldagh y Çhorshey ayns America Hwoaie.
* 21 Mean Souree &ndash; Ayns Montréal, y Rank Noa, va'n sleab gorrym va enmyssit lesh yn ennym Frangagh Marie-Joseph Angélique torçhit as croghit er-yn-oyr dy ren ad cassid urree er son aile ren scryssey ayrn jeh'n ard-valley.
* *Date gyn fys*
** Haink Anton Wilhelm Amo dy ve ny chied Affrickagh ollooaght y gheddyn 'syn Oarpey as hoshee eh gynsaghey ec Ollooscoill Halle.

## Ruggyryn
* 17 Averil &ndash; Taksin, Ree yn Çheer Thai (b. 1782)
* 23 Boaldyn &ndash; Franz Mesmer, lhee Aysteyragh (b. 1815)
* 10 Luanistyn &ndash; Naungdawgyi, ree Burmagh (b. 1763)
* 2 Sauin &ndash; Daniel Boone, dooinney caglee Americaanagh (b. 1820)
* 26 Nollick &ndash; George Romney, peinteyr Sostynagh (b. 1802)
* 31 Nollick &ndash; Francisco Manoel de Nascimento, feelee Portiugagh (b. 1819)

## Baaseyn
* 9 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Diego de Astorga y Céspedes, cardinaal Catoleagh Spaainagh (r. 1663)
* 21 Mayrnt &ndash; Robert Wodrow, screeudeyr shennaghys Albinagh (r. 1679)
* 15 Boaldyn &ndash; Sebastiano Ricci, peinteyr Iddaalagh (r. 1659)
* 15 Mean Souree &ndash; Giovanni Ceva, maddaghteyr Iddaalagh (r. 1647)
* 8 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Michel Sarrazin, sheanseyr Canadagh (r. 1659)
* 28 Nollick &ndash; Raibeart Ruadh MacGriogair, toshiagh cleiney Albinagh (r. 1671)
1483

**1483** (MCDLXXXIII), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jecrean rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 1 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Va ny h-Ewnyn ceaut magh er eebyrt ass yn Andaloosh.
* 9 Averil &ndash; Haink Edard V dy ve Ree Hostyn.
* 20 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Va Juan y Danvarg crooinit myr Ree Norlynn.
**Date gyn fys*
** Hrogg Prinse Moscow peeley Ivangorod, jeeragh noi Narva.

## Ruggyryn
* 6 Mayrnt &ndash; Francesco Guicciardini, screeudeyr shennaghys as steateyr Iddaalagh (b. 1540)
* 6 Averil &ndash; Raphael, peinteyr as ard-obbree Iddaalagh (b. 1520)
* 19 Averil &ndash; Paolo Giovio, aspick Iddaalagh (b. 1552)
* 26 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Hans Buchner, cummeyder Germaanagh yn Aaruggyr (b. 1538)
* 10 Sauin &ndash; Martin Luther, maynagh Germaanagh as aachrootagh Protestoonagh (b. 1546)

## Baaseyn
* 9 Averil &ndash; Ree Edard IV Hostyn (r. 1442)
* 4 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Costanzo I Sforza, *condottiero* Iddaalagh (r. 1447)
Gustave Charpentier

She cummeyder Frangagh va **Gustave Charpentier** (25 Mean Souree 1860 – 18 Toshiaght Arree 1956). Va enney share er er son e chiaulldramey *[[Louise (kiaulldramey)|Louise]]*.

## Cummaghyn

**Didon*, Scène dramatique – 1887
**Impressions d'Italie* – 1892
**La vie du poète* – symphonie-drame – 1892
**Sérénade à Watteau* (focklyn liorish Verlaine) – 1896
**La couronnement de la muse* – spectacle – 1897
**[[Louise (kiaulldramey)|Louise]]* – 1900
*Munich – daan sheeansagh – 1911
**[[Julien (kiaulldramey)|Julien, ou La vie du poète]]* – 1913
**L'amour au faubourg* – 1913 (neuchloiet)
**Orphée* – 1931 (neuyeant)
*Arraneyn

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
* 
*
1443

**1443** (MCDXLIII), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jerdein rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 28 Sauin &ndash; Girree magh noi'n Impiraght Ottomanagh, ren Skanderbeg as e 'orsaghyn seyrey Krujë, 'syn Albaan veanagh, as chrogh ad brattagh yn Albaan.
* *Date gyn fys*
** Ghow Vlad II Dracul toshiaght rish e nagh imbagh myr reireyder er Wallachia, geiyrt er Basarab II.
** Va'n çhiamble Buddhagh Zhihua (智化寺) troggit ayns Beijing, rere sarey veih Wang Zhen, ard-chailtynagh ec cooyrt Impir Zhengtong veih Reeraghtys Ming 'sy Çheen.

## Ruggyryn
* 2 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Ealisaid y Vaveyr, Ben-reihder Sachsen (b. 1484)
* 9 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Muhammad Jaunpuri, oayllyssagh Moslymagh (b. 1505)

## Baaseyn
* 28 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Robert le Maçon, Shansyleyr y Rank
* 9 Boaldyn &ndash; Niccolò Albergati, cardinaal as diploamagh Iddaalagh (r. 1373)
1701

**1701** (MDCCI), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jesarn rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein chadjin ghow toshiaght Jecrean rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 12 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Ren ayrnyn jeh'n Çheer Injil doltey yn feaillere Gregoiragh.
* 18 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Haink reihderaght Brandenburg-Y Phroosh dy ve Reeriaght y Phroosh tra va'n Reihder Ferdorraghey III fogirt magh myr Ree Ferdorraghey I. Hannee yn Phroosh çheusthie jeh'n Impiraght Raueagh Vannee.

## Ruggyryn
* 18 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Johann Jakob Moser, leigh-oayllee Germaanagh (b. 1785)
* 7 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Christian Ludwig Gersten, sheanseyr Germaanagh (b. 1762)
* 14 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Enrique Flórez, screeudeyr shennaghys Spaainagh (b. 1773)
* 19 Mean Souree &ndash; François Rebel, cummeyder Frangagh (b. 1775)
* 28 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Stephen Hansen, çhynskyleyr Danvargagh (b. 1770)
* 30 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Anton Gogeisl, rollageyder Germaanagh (b. 1771)
* 27 Sauin &ndash; Anders Celsius, rollageyder Soolynnagh (b. 1744)

## Baaseyn
* 6 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Toussaint Rose, screeudeyr Frangagh (r. 1611)
* 10 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Savo Millini, cardinaal Catoleagh Raueagh (r. 1644)
* 15 Mayrnt &ndash; Jean Renaud de Segrais, screeudeyr Frangagh (r. 1624)
* 16 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Justus Danckerts, ellyneyr Ollanagh (r. 1635)
* 16 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Jamys II Hostyn, Ree Hostyn as Nerin, as ny h-Albey myr Jamys VII (r. 1633)
1592

**1592** (MDXCII), she blein vishee v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jecrean rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein vishee ghow toshiaght Jesarn rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 3 Mayrnt &ndash; Va Colleish y Trinaid, Divlyn, yn ollooscoill shinney ayns Nerin, bunnit.
* 9 Luanistyn &ndash; S'liklee dy ren y ronseyder Sostynagh John Davis, anneyder *[[Desire (lhong)|Desire]]*, feddyn magh ny Malveenaghyn.

## Ruggyryn
* 23 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Balthazar Gerbier, peinteyr Ollanagh (b. 1663)
* 28 Mayrnt &ndash; Comenius, ynseyder as screeudeyr Sheckagh (b. 1670)
* 10 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Pierre d'Hozier, screeudeyr shennaghys Frangagh (b. 1660)
* 5 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Jacopo Vignali, peinteyr Iddaalagh (b. 1664)
* 21 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Nathaniel Foote, coloinagh Americaanagh (b. 1644)

## Baaseyn
* 29 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Alessandro Striggio, cummeyder Iddaalagh (r. 1540)
* 24 Boaldyn &ndash; Nikolaus Selnecker, kiaulleyder Germaanagh (r. 1530)
* 1 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Marc'Antonio Ingegneri, cummeyder Iddaalagh (r. c. 1547)
* 17 Sauin &ndash; Ree Juan III y Toolynn (r. 1537)
1744

**1744** (MDCCXLIV), she blein vishee v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jecrean rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein vishee ghow toshiaght Jedoonee rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 1 Mayrnt (faggyssagh) &ndash; Ren Comaid Mooar 1744, nane jeh ny comaidyn s'gilley v'ayn rieau, roshtyn perihelion.
* 13 Mean Souree &ndash; Va Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin enmyssit myr Shansyleyr noa Impiraght y Roosh liorish y Ven-impir Ealisaid.

## Ruggyryn
* 23 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Mayer Amschel Rothschild, banceyr Germaanagh, bunneyder reeraghtys banceyraght Rothschild (b. 1812)
* 31 Boaldyn &ndash; Richard Lovell Edgeworth, politickeyr, screeudeyr, as ynlaghteyr Anglo-Yernagh (b. 1817)
* 16 Luanistyn &ndash; Pierre Méchain, rollageyder Frangagh (b. 1804)
* 25 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Ree Ferdorraghey Illiam II y Phroosh (b. 1797)

## Baaseyn
* 14 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; John Hadley, maddaghteyr Sostynagh (r. 1682)
* 25 Averil &ndash; Anders Celsius, rollageyder Soolynnagh (r. 1701)
* 30 Boaldyn &ndash; Alexander Pope, screeudeyr Sostynagh (r. 1688)
* 31 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Leonardo Leo, cummeyder Iddaalagh (r. 1694)
1651

**1651** (MDCLI), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jedoonee rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein chadjin ghow toshiaght Jecrean rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 1 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Va Çhalse II crooinit myr Ree ny h-Albinee ec Sgàin (e nah chrooinaghey.
* 3 Sauin &ndash; Haink jerrey lesh Irree Magh Vannin tra ren Charlotte Stanlagh, Ben-choontey Derby lhiggey Mannin seose dys forsaghyn Oliver Cromwell ayns ynnyd barrantys bollagh sauçhey j'eeish hene, e lught thie as da e sharvaantyn magh veih'n ellan.

## Ruggyryn
* 20 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Edward Tyson, sheanseyr Goaldagh (b. 1708)
* 26 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Pieter van der Hulst, peinteyr Ollanagh (b. 1727)
* 10 Averil &ndash; Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, maddaghteyr Germaanagh (b. 1708)
* 6 Mean Souree &ndash; Willem van Ingen, peinteyr Ollanagh (b. 1708)
* 5 Mean Fouyir &ndash; William Dampier, ronseyder Sostynagh (b. 1715)
* 28 Nollick &ndash; Johann Krieger, cummeyder as organeyr Germaanagh (b. 1735)

## Baaseyn
* 22 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Johannes Phocylides Holwarda, rollageyder Ollanagh (r. 1618)
* 26 Boaldyn &ndash; Jeane Gardiner, ben Ghoaldagh va currit gy baase er son y witçheraght ayns ny Bermioodee
* 6 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Heinrich Albert, cummeyder as feelee Germaanagh (r. 1604)
* 20 Sauin &ndash; Mikołaj Potocki, sidoor Polynnagh (r. 1595)
1451

**1451** (MDCCI), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jeheiney rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 7 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Chur y Paab Niglus V magh bulley paabagh ry-hoi bunneeaght Ollooscoill Ghlaschu; haghyr ny chied vrastylyn ayns Ard-çhiamble Ghlaschu.

## Ruggyryn
* 14 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Franchinus Gaffurius, cummeyder Iddaalagh (b. 1522)
* 9 Mayrnt &ndash; Amerigo Vespucci, ronseyder Iddaalagh (b. 1512)
* 10 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Jamys III ny h-Albey (b. 1488)
* *Date gyn fys*
** Christopher Columbus, ronseyder Iddaalagh (b. 1506)

## Baaseyn
* 18 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Inry II, Coontey Nassau-Siegen, Co-reireyder er Nassau-Siegen (1442–1451) (r. 1414)
1504

**1504** (MDIV), she blein vishee v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jelhune rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 11 Mayrnt &ndash; Doshil Ree Jamys IV ny h-Albey Parlamaid ny h-Albey da'n chied cheayrt veih 1496.
* 8 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Va jalloo Davy lesh Michelangelo er ny haishbyney ayns Firenze.

## Ruggyryn
* 1 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Caspar Creuziger, sheelnaueder Germaanagh (b. 1548)
* 31 Mayrnt &ndash; Guru Angad, toshiagh crauee Injinagh (b. 1552)
* 29 Boaldyn &ndash; Antun Vrančić, ard-aspick Croitagh (b. 1573)
* Mee ny Nollick &ndash; Nicholas Udall, screeudeyr cloie as mainshtyr scoill Sostynagh (b. 1556)

## Baaseyn
* 9 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Gaspare Nadi, troggeyder Iddaalagh (r. 1418)
* 15 Averil &ndash; Filippino Lippi, peinteyr Iddaalagh (r. 1457)
* 19 Mean Souree &ndash; Bernhard Walther, rollageyder as sheelnaueder Germaanagh (r. 1430)
* 29 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Thomaase Stanlagh, 1d Eearley Derby, Ree Vannin jerrinagh (b. 1435)
1700

**1700** (MDCC), she blein chadjin er lheh v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jeheiney rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein chadjin ghow toshiaght Jelhune rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 1 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Hoshee ashoonyn Protestoonagh, faagail magh Sostyn, 'syn Oarpey Heear gymmydey yn feaillere Gregoiragh. Hoshee ny h-ashoonyn Catoleagh gymmydey yn feaillere Gregoiragh ayns 1582 tra v'eh currit stiagh liorish y Phaab Gregoir XIII.
* Averil &ndash; Ren aile scryssey ram troggalyssyn as thieyn ayns Gondar, preeu-valley yn Eetoip, goaill daa hroggalys çheusthie jeh ard-hroggalys y phlaase.

## Ruggyryn
* 8 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Augustyn Mirys, peinteyr Polynnagh (b. 1790)
* 18 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Nicolaus Schuback, leighder Germaanagh (b. 1783)
* 6 Boaldyn &ndash; Giuseppe Peroni, peinteyr Iddaalagh (b. 1776)
* 25 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Gaetano Zompini, jantagh prentyn as grainneyder Iddaalagh (b. 1778)
* 28 Sauin &ndash; Nathaniel Bliss, rollageyder Sostynagh (b. 1764)

## Baaseyn
* 5 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Louis Maracci, saggyrt Iddaalagh (r. 1612)
* 4 Mayrnt &ndash; Lorenzo Pasinelli, peinteyr Iddaalagh (r. 1629)
* 12 Boaldyn &ndash; John Dryden, feelee as maddaghteyr Sostynagh (r. 1631)
* 18 Boaldyn &ndash; Teofil Rutka, fallsoonagh Polynnagh (r. 1622)
* 1 Sauin &ndash; Çhalse II y Spaainey, Ree yn Spaainey; reireyder Habsburgagh jerrinagh er Impiragh y Spaainey (r. 1661)
* 2 Sauin &ndash; Francis Turner, aspick Sostynagh (r. 1637)
* 20 Nollick &ndash; Mary Bradbury, ben as cassid witçheraght jeant urree ayns Salem, Massachusetts (r. 1615)
1034

**1034** (MXXXIV), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jemayrt rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* Mayrnt &ndash; Hayrn Conrad II e armeeyn ry-cheilley er Logh Lemano as chur eh Coontey Odo II fo haart ayns cah ec Genève ('syn Elveeish noa emshyragh).

## Ruggyryn
* Joscelin I de Courtenay, dooinney ooasle Frangagh (Reeraghtys Courtenay)
* Khön Könchok Gyalpo, bunneyder Mannishter Sakya (b. 1102)

## Baaseyn
* 11 Averil &ndash; Romanos III Argyros, impir Baisantagh (r. 968)
* 25 Sauin &ndash; Mylecholumb, ree ny h-Albey
* Amlaíb mac Sitriuc, ree Gael-Loghlynnagh Ghivlyn
1572

**1572** (MDLXXII), she blein vishee v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jemayrnt rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 28 Mayrnt &ndash; Ren y Venrein Ealisaid I Hostyn symney Parlamaid noa, haink ry-cheilley er 4 Boaldyn.
* 24 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Va Túpac Amaru as deiney ooasley elley ass yn Impiraght Incagh currit gy baase 'sy Pheroo ayns Cuzco rere oardee yn Lhiass-ree coloinagh Spaainagh, Francisco de Toledo.
* 9 Sauin &ndash; Va shilley currit er y rollage noa SN 1572 'sy cho-hollys rollageagh Keeagh yn Assyl da'n chied cheayrt liorish Cornelius Gemma. Ren Tycho Brahe, chur noteyn sheese bentyn rish daa laa ny s'anmey, ymmyd jeh dy cheau ourys er yn eie nagh row rollageyn ceaghley. Hannee yn rollage noa ayn ry-akin da'n tooill derrey 1574.

## Ruggyryn
* 22 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; John Donne feelee as sidoor Sostynagh (b. 1631)
* 4 Averil &ndash; William Strachey, screeudeyr Sostynagh (b. 1621)
* 27 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Francis van Aarssens, diploamagh Ollanagh (b. 1641)

## Baaseyn
* 1 Boaldyn &ndash; Paab Pius V (r. 1504)
* 28 Mean Souree &ndash; Johannes Goropius Becanus, lhee, çhengoayllee, as sheelnaueder Ollanagh (r. 1519)
* 5 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Impir Longqing y Çheen (r. 1537)
* 24 Luanistyn &ndash; Gaspard de Coligny, toshiagh Protestoonagh Frangagh (r. 1519)
* 24 Sauin &ndash; John Knox, aachrootagh crauee Albinagh (r. 1513)
Wizards of Waverly Place

She straih hellveeish aittys Americaanagh eh ***Wizards of Waverly Place***. Va'n straih crooit ec Todd J. Greenwald as hie eh magh er ny scaalheaney er Disney Channel veih 12 Jerrey Fouyir 2007 derrey 6 Jerrey Geuree 2012. Ta Selena Gomez, David Henrie, Jake T. Austin, Jennifer Stone, Maria Canals-Barrera, as David DeLuise cloie 'sy straih.

## Skimmee
* Selena Gomez myr Alex Russo
* David Henrie myr Justin Russo
* Jake T. Austin myr Max Russo
* Jennifer Stone myr Harper Finkle
* María Canals Barrera myr Theresa Russo
* David DeLuise myr Jerry Russo

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* 
* 
* 
*
1644

**1644** (MDCXLIV), she blein vishee v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jeheiney rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein vishee ghow toshiaght Jelhune rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 24 Mayrnt &ndash; Hooar Roger Williams gialdyn oikoil da Coloin Ellan Rhode veih Parlamaid Hostyn, lhig da bunneeaght çhionnal cadjin.

## Ruggyryn
* 11 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Hayashi Hōkō, fallsoonagh Shapaanagh (b. 1732)
* 17 Averil &ndash; Abraham Storck, peinteyr Ollanagh (b. 1708)
* 6 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Juan Bautista Cabanilles, cummeyder Spaainagh (b. 1712)
* 25 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Ole Rømer, rollageyder Danvargagh (b. 1710)

## Baaseyn
* 20 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Stefano Amadei, peinteyr Iddaalagh (r. 1580)
* 4 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Brian Twyne, sheerloayreyder Sostynagh (r. 1581)
* 29 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Paab Urban VIII (r. 1568)
* 6 Sauin &ndash; Thomas Roe, diploamagh Sostynagh (r. c. 1581)
1553

**1553** (MDLIII), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jedoonee rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 24 Luanistyn &ndash; Hie yn ronseyder Sostynagh Richard Chancellor stiagh 'sy Vooir Vane as ren eh roshtyn Arkhangelsk.

## Ruggyryn
* 26 Mayrnt &ndash; Vitsentzos Kornaros, screeudeyr Greagagh (b. 1613)
* 5 Mean Souree &ndash; Bernardino Baldi, maddaghteyr as screeudeyr Iddaalagh (b. 1617)
* 13 Nollick &ndash; Ree Inry IV y Rank (b. 1610)

## Baaseyn
* 19 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Erasmus Reinhold, rollageyder as maddaghteyr Germaanagh (r. 1511)
* 27 Sauin &ndash; Şehzade Cihangir, prinse Ottomanagh (r. 1531)
1136

**1136** (MCXXXVI), she blein vishee v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jecrean rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* Ren y Ree Davy I ny h-Albey ruegey twoaie Hostyn as ghow eh greim er ram baljyn mooarey, goaill stiagh Carlisle as Newcastle.

## Ruggyryn
* Ismail al-Jazari, yl-oayllee as ynlaghteyr Artuqid (b. 1206)

## Baaseyn
* Abraham bar Hiyya, maddaghteyr as rollageyder Cataloanagh
* Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd, ben-phrinse Bretnagh Deheubarth
* Máel Ísa Mac Máel Coluim, maynagh as chron-oayllee Yernagh
1694

**1694** (MDCXCIV), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jeheiney rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein chadjin ghow toshiaght Jelhune rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 21 Jerrey Geuree (S.A. 11 Jerrey Geuree) &ndash; Hooar Academee Kyiv, ollooscoill ashoonagh yn Ookraan jiu, enney oikoil veih Tsar Ivan V y Roosh.
* 8 Mayrnt &ndash; Chroo Peddyr II y Phortiugal Casa da Moeda do Brasil.
* 22 Mean Souree &ndash; Va doorid ghreiney 'ainoil ry-akin feie America Hwoaie as y Keayn Sheear.
* 27 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Va Banc Hostyn crooit lesh kaart reeoil liorish Parlamaid Hostyn fo stiurey ny Quiggyn.
* 24 Luanistyn &ndash; Hebb Jacques de Tourreil as olteynyn Academee elley er lieh Académie française yn *[[Dictionnaire de l'Académie française]]* da'n Ree Louisagh XIV.
* 16 Nollick &ndash; Va slane doorid ghreiney ry-akin feie America Yiass.

## Ruggyryn
* 6 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Melchor Chyliński, presbyteyr Polynnagh (b. 1741)
* 1 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Giuseppe Spinelli, cardinaal Catoleagh (b. 1763)
* 11 Mayrnt &ndash; Elizabeth Tollet, feelee Goaldagh (b. 1754)
* 19 Mean Souree &ndash; Jean-André Peyssonnel, lhee Frangagh (b. 1759)
* 26 Mean Souree &ndash; Georg Brandt, kemmigagh as meain-oayllee Soolynnagh (b. 1768)
* 5 Luanistyn &ndash; Leonardo Leo, cummeyder Iddaalagh (b. 1744)
* 21 Sauin &ndash; Voltaire, screeudeyr, screeudeyr shennaghys, as fallsoonagh Frangagh (b. 1778)
* 24 Nollick &ndash; Christfried Kirch, rollageyder Germaanagh (b. 1740)

## Baaseyn
* 25 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; William Dolben, briw Sostynagh (r. 1627)
* 4 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Natalya Naryshkina, Tsaritsa yn Roosh (r. 1651)
* 26 Mayrnt &ndash; Arthur Stanhope, politickeyr Sostynagh (r. 1627)
* 2 Boaldyn &ndash; Martin Desjardins, jallooder Frangagh (r. 1637)
* 1 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Philippe Goibaut, çhyndaader Frangagh (r. 1626)
* 5 Luanistyn &ndash; Mareen Duvall, coloinagh Americaanagh (r. 1625)
* 22 Luanistyn &ndash; Samuel Aboab, rabbi (r. 1610)
* 7 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Andrija Zmajević, feelee Serbagh (r. 1624)
* 19 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Pierre Menault, cummeyder Frangagh (r. 1642)
* 25 Sauin &ndash; Ismaël Bullialdus, rollageyder Frangagh (r. 1605)
1649

**1649** (MDCXLIX), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jeheiney rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein chadjin ghow toshiaght Jelhune rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 27 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Va'n Ree Çhalse I Hostyn, ny h-Albey, as Nerin feddynit kyndagh er yn ard-traitoorys ayns quaiyl heayagh.
* 30 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Va kione yn aa-Ree Çhalse I giarrit jeh çheumooie jeh'n Halley Fleah ayns Plaase Whitehall, Lunnin. Haink Co-unnaneys Hostyn, lesh cummey pobblaghtagh reiltys ayn, stiagh ayns ynnyd y vonarkaght myr cummey reiltys Hostyn.

## Ruggyryn
* 16 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Antonio Lupis, screeudeyr Iddaalagh sheelaghtagh (b. 1701)
* 25 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Johann Philipp Krieger, cummeyder Barockagh Germaanagh (b. 1725)
* 16 Averil &ndash; Jan Luyken, grainneyder Ollanagh (b. 1712)
* 14 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Magdalena Stenbock, ben oast salon Soolynnagh (b. 1727)

## Baaseyn
* 11 Averil &ndash; Ambrose Corbie, ynseyder Yeeseynagh Sostynagh (r. 1604)
* 30 Mean Souree &ndash; Simon Vouet, peinteyr Frangagh (r. 1590)
* 20 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Padovanino, peinteyr Iddaalagh (r. 1588)
* 16 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Isaac van Ostade, peinteyr Ollanagh (r. 1621)
* 6 Sauin &ndash; Eoghan Ruadh Ó Néill, sidoor Yernagh (r. c. 1585)
1421

**1421** (MCDXXI), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jecrean rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 2 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Scugh Impir Yongle, y trass impir ayns Reeraghtys Ming, y preeu-valley veih Nanjing dys Beijing.
* 17&ndash;19 Sauin &ndash; Tooilley Noo Ealisaid: Hie'n ard slystagh faggys da Dordrecht 'sy Çheer Injil fo tooilley, kyndagh rish lane marrey feer ard ayns Mooir Hostyn; va 72 valley beg tooillit, hooar mysh 10,000 sleih baase, as va bollagh yn awin Meuse ceaghlit.

## Ruggyryn
* 9 Mayrnt &ndash; Francesco Sassetti, banceyr Iddaalagh (b. 1490)
* 1 Luanistyn &ndash; Thomas Dutton, reejerey Sostynagh (b. 1459)
* 6 Nollick &ndash; Ree Inry VI Hostyn (b. 1471)

## Baaseyn
* Boaldyn &ndash; Balša III, reireyder Zeta
* 26 Boaldyn &ndash; Mehmed I, Sultan Ottomanagh (r. 1389)
* 21 Mean Souree &ndash; Jean Le Maingre, marshyl y Rank (r. 1366)
1558

**1558** (MDLVIII), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jesarn rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein chadjin ghow toshiaght Jecrean rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 7 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Ghow forsaghyn Frangagh, fo stiurey Francis, Diuc Guise, Calais, y remlad mooar-heeragh jerrinagh lesh Reeriaght Hostyn, ayns Çhennid Calais.
* 2 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Va Ollooscoill Jena ayns Thüringen, y Ghermaan, bunnit.
* 6 Sauin &ndash; Er e lhiabbee vaaish, d'enmys Benrein Moirrey Hostyn e lieh-huyr Ealisaid myr e eiyrtyssagh. She inneenyn lesh y Ree Inry VIII ad Moirrey as Ealisaid.

## Ruggyryn
* 29 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Paul Hentzner, leighder Germaanagh (b. 1623)
* 9 Jerrey Souree &ndash; David Origanus, rollageyder Germaanagh (b. 1628)
* 24 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Szymon Szymonowic, screeudeyr Polynnagh (b. 1629)
* 9 Nollick &ndash; André du Laurens, lhee Frangagh (b. 1609)

## Baaseyn
* 26 Averil &ndash; Jean Fernel, lhee Frangagh (r. 1497)
* 31 Boaldyn &ndash; Philip Hoby, politickeyr Sostynagh (r. 1505)
* 21 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Çhalse V, Impir Raueagh Bannee (r. 1500)
* 17 Sauin &ndash; Benrein Moirrey I Hostyn (r. 1516)
* 28 Nollick &ndash; Hermann Finck, cummeyder Germaanagh (r. 1527)
1532

**1532** (MDXXXII), she blein vishee v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jelhune rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 22 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Va São Vicente bunnit myr y chied choloin Phortiugagh 'sy Vrasseel.
* 13 Boaldyn &ndash; Ren Francisco Pizarro tarlheim er coose hwoaie yn Pheroo.
* 13 Luanistyn &ndash; Unnaneys y Vritaan as y Rank: Va Diucaght y Vritaan sooit stiagh ayns Reeriaght y Rank.
* 16 Sauin &ndash; Ghow Francisco Pizarro as e gheiney yn impir Incagh Atahualpa ayns Cajamarca, tra ren ad soiagh veih boayl fo-chlea as traartyssey ram jeh e lught eiyrtyssagh, gyn coayl ocsyn hene.

## Ruggyryn
* 21 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Ludwig Helmbold, arraneyder classicagh Germaanagh (b. 1598)
* 4 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Francisco de Toledo, cardinaal Yeeseynagh Spaainagh (b. 1596)

## Baaseyn
* 8 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Andrea Riccio, jallooder as ard-obbree Iddaalagh (r. 1470)
* 1 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Jan Mabuse, peinteyr Flandrynagh
845

**845** (DCCCXLV), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jerdein rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 22 Sauin &ndash; Cah Ballon: Va forsaghyn Frankagh (3,000 deiney) fo Çhalse Meayl currit fo haart liorish Nevenoe, coontey Gwened, faggys da Redon, Il-ha-Gwilen. Lurg y cah, haink y Vritaan dy ve ny *regnum* 'reeriaght' çheusthie jeh Reeriaght ny Frankee.

## Ruggyryn
* Berengar I, ree yn Iddaal (date faggyssagh)

## Baaseyn
* Ibn Sa'd al-Baghdadi, screeudeyr shennaghys Moslymagh (r. 784)
* Turgesius, toshiagh Loghlynnagh (date faggyssagh)
1070

**1070** (MLXX), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jeheiney rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* Va Bergen bunnit ec y Ree Auley III Norlynn; v'eh myr preeu-valley Norlynn derrey va Oslo currit stiagh ayns e ynnyd ayns 1314.

## Ruggyryn
* Buthaina bint al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad, feelee ass Al-Andalus
* Guillaume de Champeaux, fallsoonagh Frangagh (b. 1121)

## Baaseyn
* 6 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Said al-Andalusi, rollageyder Arabagh Taghlib (r. 1029)
* Hārūn ibn Malik al-Turk, toshiagh caggee Turkagh
1555

**1555** (MDLV), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jemayrnt rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 30 Boaldyn &ndash; Va Colleish y Trinaid, Aah yn Ollee, Sostyn, bunnit ry hoi ynsaghey yn jeeoilys Catoleagh.
* *Date gyn fys*
** Haink William Annyas dy ve ny veoir er Yoal, Nerin, y chied Ew rieau ve ayns shelloo lheid oik shen ayns Nerin.

## Ruggyryn
* 21 Averil &ndash; Ludovico Carracci, peinteyr Iddaalagh (b. 1619)
* 13 Mean Souree &ndash; Giovanni Antonio Magini, maddaghteyr, kaartgrafee, as rollageyder Iddaalagh (b. 1617)
* 8 Sauin &ndash; Nyaungyan Min, ree yn Vurmey (b. 1605)

## Baaseyn
* 17 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Giuliano Bugiardini, peinteyr Iddaalagh (r. 1475)
* 25 Boaldyn &ndash; Gemma Frisius, maddaghteyr as kaartgrafee Ollanagh (r. 1508)
* 26 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Olympia Fulvia Morata, scoillar classicagh Iddaalagh (r. 1526)
995

**995** (CMXCV), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jemayrt rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* Va Olaf Tryggvason crooinit myr ree Reeriaght Norlynn as hrogg eh yn chied cheeill Chreestee 'sy çheer.
* Ghow Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill greim er Reeriaght Ghivlyn da'n trass keayrt.

## Ruggyryn
* Olaf II Haraldsson (Noo Auley), ree Norlynn (b. 1030)

## Baaseyn
* 30 Mayrnt &ndash; Sahib ibn Abbad, steateyr Pershagh
* Haakon Sigurdsson, reireyder Loghlynagh (jarl) er Norlynn