open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Harry Redknapp

She shenn reireyder as bluckaneyr Sostynagh eh **Henry James Redknapp** (ruggit er 2 Mayrnt 1947). V'eh ny reireyder ec AFC Bournemouth, West Ham United, Portsmouth, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur, Queens Park Rangers as Birmingham City. 'Sy nah lhing echey ec Portsmouth, ren eh reirey yn fwirran chossyn Cappan FA 2008. Ec jerrey yn imbagh 2009–10, stiur eh Tottenham dys yn UEFA Champions League. Ren Redknapp fogrey magh dy row eh irree ass y reirey bluckan coshey ayns 2017.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
*Harry Redknapp &ndash; staydraa West Ham United 
*Harry Hotspur&nbsp;– The Start of a revolution Shelfside Spurs
Thomas Otway

She dramadeyr Sostynagh veih eash yn Aachouyr va **Thomas Otway** (3 Mayrnt 165214 Averil 1685). Ta enney share er er son *[[Venice Preserv'd]]*, ny *A Plot Discover'd* (1682). Hooar eh baase 'sy voghtynid as v'eh oanluckit er 16 Averil 1685.

## Noteyn

## Farraneyn
* 

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* 
*
Cape Canaveral, Florida

She ard-valley ayns Brevard County, Florida, ny Steatyn Unnaneysit eh **Cape Canaveral** (). T'eh soit 'syn Ard Staddyssaghtoil Moir-valjagh Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville. Ta  cummal ayn.

Ta'n ard-valley soit faggys da Cape Canaveral Space Force Station as Kennedy Space Center.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
The Star-Spangled Banner

She arrane ashoonagh Steatyn Unnaneysit America eh "**The Star-Spangled Banner**" (). Va ny focklyn screeuit liorish Francis Scott Key ayns 1814, erreish da ren eh fakin ny Goaldee jannoo soiagh er Fort McHenry ayns Baltimore, Maryland car Caggey 1812.

Ta ny focklyn currit rish yn arrane iuderagh Goaldagh enmyssit "To Anacreon in Heaven". Ta kiare raneyn ec yn arrane, agh cha nel sleih goaill agh y chied rane.  

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* "New book reveals the dark history behind the Star Spangled Banner", *[[CBS This Morning]]*, 13 Mean Fouyir 2014 (trooid YouTube).
* "Star-Spangled History: 5 Facts About the Making of the National Anthem", Biography.com.
* Star-Spangled Banner' writer had a complex record on race", Mary Carole McCauley, *[[The Baltimore Sun]]*, 26 Jerrey Souree 2014.
Alexander Graham Bell

**Alexander Graham Bell** (ruggit myr **Alexander Bell**; 3 Mayrnt 1847 – 2 Luanistyn 1922), she ynlaghteyr, sheanseyr, as jeshaghteyr Americaanagh-Canadagh va ruggit ayns Nalbin. T'eh treishtit lesh paiteeny yn chied çhellvane obbree. Chammah's shen, ren eh co-vunnaghey yn American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) ayns 1885.

Va ayr, shennayr, as braar Bell kianglt rish obbyr er y jesh-loayrtys as y ghlare, as va'n voir as y ven heshee echey bouyr. Chur eh shen dy mooar stiagh er obbyr vea Bell. Chur e ronsaghey er y chlashtyn as y ghlare rish prowaltyssyn lesh saaseyn clashtyn. Haink e prowaltyssyn gys y vullagh tra v'eh bronnit lesh y chied phaiteen Americaanagh da'n çhellvane er 7 Mayrnt 1876. Smooinnee Bell dy nee cur stiagh va'n ynlaght echey er e obbyr myr sheanseyr as yiooldee eh veih çhellvaneyn 'sy çhamyr studeyrys echey.

Cha nee yn çhellvane va'n ynrican ynlaght echey, ansherbee. 'Sy vea yeianagh echey, ren eh obbraghey ayns çhellinsh hilleydagh, skianyn ushtey, as aer-lhuingysseyraght. Va ard-chummaght echey chammah 'sy National Geographic Society as e earishliaor. V'eh ny nah eaghtyrane er y çheshaght eddyr 7 Jerrey Geuree 1898 derrey 1903.

Faagail e obbyr 'sy jeshaghteyrys, va anaase mooar ec Bell 'syn eiraght vea-oaylleeagh. 

## Imraaghyn

### Noteyn

### Symnaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Alexander and Mabel Bell Legacy Foundation
*Alexander Graham Bell Institute ec Ollooscoill Ceap Bhreatainn (er ny hashtey er 8 Nollick 2015)
* Bell Telephone Memorial, Brantford, Ontario
* Bell Homestead National Historic Site, Brantford, Ontario
* Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site of Canada, Badaig, Nalbin Noa
* Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers ec Lioarlann y Chohionnal
* Beashnys ec ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online''
* Beashnys Science.ca: Alexander Graham Bell
* 
* 
* Lioaryn noteyn Alexander Graham Bell ec yn Internet Archive
*
Brian Cox (fishigagh)

**Brian Edward Cox** (ruggit er 3 Mayrnt 1968), she fishigagh as kiaulleyder Sostynagh t'eh ta gobbraghey myr olloo fishig ayrneenyn ayns Scoill yn Ishig as y Rollageydys ec Ollooscoill Vanchuin as Olloo yn Çheshaght Reeoil cour Goaill Greme y Theay 'sy Çheanse. Ta enney share er myr çhebbeyder claareeyn oaylleeaght, goaill stiagh ny straihyn *The Infinite Monkey Cage* as *Wonders of...* er BBC Radio 4 er lheh as kyndagh rish ny lioaryn oaylleeaght heayagh, lheid as *[[Why Does E=mc²?]]* as *[[The Quantum Universe]]*. Roish e choorse ard-scoillaragh, ren Cox cloie yn mair-chlaare lesh ny bannyn Goaldagh Dare as D:Ream.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
*Yn Olloo Brian Cox er Mastodon
Kung Fu Panda (fillym)

She fillym aittys Americaanagh veih'n vlein 2008 ta bioghit lesh co-earrooder eh ***Kung Fu Panda***. Va'n fillym gientit liorish DreamWorks Animation as rheynnit ec Paramount Pictures. Va'n fillym stiurit ec John Stevenson as Mark Osborne as screeuit ec Jonathan Aibel as Glenn Berger. Ta'n fillym goaill stiagh gooyn Jack Black, Dustin Hoffman, Angelina Jolie, Ian McShane, Seth Rogen, Lucy Liu, David Cross, Randall Duk Kim, James Hong, Dan Fogler, Michael Clarke Duncan, as Jackie Chan.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Franz Marc

She peinteyr as jantagh prentyn Germaanagh va **Franz Moritz Wilhelm Marc** (8 Toshiaght Arree 1880 &ndash; 4 Mayrnt 1916). T'eh coontit mastey sleih ogheragh yn Ennaghtaghys Germaanagh. She oltey bunnee *[[Der Blaue Reiter]]* (y Markiagh Gorrym) v'eh, earishlioar haink e ennym ve kianglt rish kiarkyl ny h-ellyneyryn va co-obbraghey ayn.

She beiyn bun-chooish e obbraghyn appee, as ta enney mie er ny daaghyn gial t'ayndaue. Ren yn Armee Ghermaanagh dreaghtey eh stiagh 'syn armee ec toshiaght y Chied Chaggey Dowanagh, as hooar eh baase 'sy vagher caggee ayns Cah Verdun.

Ayn ny 1930yn, denmys ny Natseeyn eh myr ellyneyr mee-ghooghyssagh myr ayrn er yn eiyrtys oc yn ellyn noa-emshiragh y chur fo chosh. Ansherbee, cha row yn chooid smoo jeh'n obbyr echey scrysst car y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh. Ta'n obbyr echey taishbynit jiu ayns ram gallereeyn as thieyn tashtee feie ny cruinney nish. Ta e chaslyssyn mooarey er cosney symyn mooarey, as va ''Die Füchse'' (''Ny Shynnee'') er ny chreck er recortys er £42,654,500 ayns 2022.

## Jallooyn reiht

File:Franz Marc-The Yellow Cow-1911.jpg|*Die gelbe Kuh*, *[[Yn Vooa Vuigh]]* (1911),  Thie Tashtee Solomon R. Guggenheim, York Noa
File:Marc-blue-black fox.jpg|*Fuchs*, *Fox* (1911), Thie Tashtee Von der Heydt ayns Wuppertal
File:GUGG Young Boy with a Lamb; The Good Shepherd.jpg|*Knabe mit Lamm; Der gute Hirte*, *Young Boy with a Lamb; The Good Shepherd* (1911),  Thie Tashtee Solomon R. Guggenheim, York Noa
File:Franz Marc- Die kleinen blauen Pferde.jpg|*Die kleinen blauen Pferde*, *Ny Cabbil Ghorrym Veggey* (1911), Staatsgalerie Stuttgart
File:Franz Marc Roter Stier, 1912.jpg|*Roter Stier*, *Red Bull* (1912),  Thie Tashtee Pushkin ayns Moscow
File:Franz Marc - Der Traum - Google Art Project.jpg|*Der Traum*, *The Dream* (1912), Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum ayns Madrid  
File:Das Äffchen (Franz Marc, 1912).jpg|*Das Äffchen*, *The Little Monkey* (1912), Lenbachhaus, Munich
File:Franz Marc - The Foxes - Google Art Project.jpg|*Die Füchse*, *[[Ny Shynnee (peintal)|Ny Shynnee]]* (1913), çhaglym preevaadjagh
File:Marc, Franz - The Tiger - Google Art Project.jpg|*Der Tiger*, *Y Çheegyr* (1912), Lenbachhaus ayns Munich
File:Franz Marc 029a.jpg|*Der Turm der blauen Pferde*,*[[Toor ny Cabbil Ghorrym]]* (1913),cailt veih 1945
File:Franz Marc-The fate of the animals-1913.jpg|*Tierschicksale*, *[[Cronney ny Beiyn]]* (1913), Kunstmuseum Basel ayns Basel
File:GUGG Dreaming Horse.jpg|*Träumendes Pferd*, *Y Cabbyl Branlaadee* (1913), Thie Tashtee Solomon R. Guggenheim, York Noa
File:Deer in Forest 1.jpg|Rehe im Walde I, *Feeaih ayns Keyll 1* (1913), The Phillips Collection
File:Franz Marc 020.jpg|*Rehe im Walde (II)*, *Feeaih ayns Keyll II* (1914) 


## Imraaghyn

## Lhaih neesht
* 
* 
* 

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Galleree Soyllee Franz Marc
* Galleree obbyr Marc
* Duillag Franz Marc ec WebMuseum
*
Wish Dragon

She fillym aittys veih'n vlein 2021 ta bioghit lesh co-earrooder eh ***Wish Dragon***. Va'n fillym gientit liorish Sony Pictures Animation as Tencent Pictures as rheynnit ec Netflix. Va'n fillym stiurit as screeuit ec Chris Appelhans. Ta'n fillym goaill stiagh gooyn Jimmy Wong, John Cho, Constance Wu, Natasha Liu Bordizzo, Jimmy O. Yang, Aaron Yoo, Will Yun Lee, as Ronny Chieng.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Thie Ynnydee ny Steatyn Unnaneysit

She ayrn jeh Cohionnal ny Steatyn Unnaneysit eh **Thie Ynnydee ny Steatyn Unnaneysit** (). She çhionnal slattyssagh reiltys ny Steatyn Unnaneysit eh yn Cohionnal as t'eh jannoo leighyn conastagh. She Shannad ny Steatyn Unnaneysit yn ayrn elley jeh'n Chohionnal. Ta 435 olteynyn ayns Thie ny h-Ynnydee. Ta ny h-olteynyn enmyssit **Ynnydee ny Steatyn Unnaneysit** () ny '''ynnydee''' (). Ta dagh ynnydagh reiht dagh daa vlein.

Ta un ynnydagh er y chooid sloo reiht ayns dagh steat, as ta earroo ny h-ynnydee veih steat er lheh croghey er coontey-pobble yn steat shen. Ta'n United States Census Bureau coontey yn pobble dagh jeih bleeaney as ta ny steatyn geddyn ny coayl ynnydee er bun y choontey-pobble shen. Ta Thie ny h-Ynnydee soit ayns nane jeh'n daa skian ayns Thie Ard-whaiyl ny Steatyn Unnaneysit. Ta'n Shannad soit 'sy skian elley. Ta Thie ny h-Ynnydee enmyssit **y Thie** dy neuformoil. Ta caairliagh y Thie enmyssit Loayreyder y Thie.

Rere Bunraght ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, lhisagh dagh billey bentyn rish keeshyn as çheet-stiagh goaill toshiaght ayns Thie ny h-Ynnydee. Chammah's shen, ta currym cassid er deiney oik er lheh, lheid as Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit ny briw conastagh, tuittym er y Thie. Rere y vunraght, foddee Thie ny h-Ynnydee ceau magh, ny jannoo cassid er, nane jeh ny h-ynnydee t'ayn rere vote er daa hreen jeh ny h-olteynyn.

## Kianglaghyn magh
* 
** Cleragh Hie ny h-Ynnydee]
** Ard-Oik Reiragh yn Thie
** Oik toshiagh y tromlagh
** Oik loayreyder y Thie
** Rolley oikoil ny h-olteynyn roie
** Reillyn y Thie
1746

**1746** (MDCCXLVI), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jesarn rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein chadjin ghow toshiaght Jecrean rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 16 Averil &ndash; Chur Cah Cùil Lodair ayns Nalbin, y cah reaghit jerrinagh er ooir y Vretyn Vooar, jerrey rish Irree-magh Jamysagh 1745.

## Ruggyryn
* 4 Toshiaght Arree – Tadeusz Kościuszko, gineraal as ashoonaghteyr Polynnagh (b. 1817)
* 30 Mayrnt – Francisco Goya, peinteyr Spaainagh (b. 1828)
* 3 Jerrey Souree – Henry Grattan, politickeyr Yernagh (b. 1820)
* 16 Jerrey Souree – Giuseppe Piazzi, rollageyder Iddaalagh (b. 1826)

## Baaseyn
* 4 Toshiaght Arree – Robert Blair, feelee as cleragh Albinagh (r. 1699)
* 22 Boaldyn – Thomas Southerne, screeudeyr cloie Yernagh (r. 1660)
* 9 Jerrey Souree – Ree Philip V y Spaainey (r. 1683)
* 6 Luanistyn – Christian VI, Ree yn Danvarg as Norlynn (r. 1699)
1612

**1612** (MDCXII), she blein vishee v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jedoonee rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein vishee ghow toshiaght Jecrean rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 15 Nollick &ndash; Haink Simon Marius dy ve ny chied dooinney dy chur shilley er Co-rollageys y Ven Gheulit trooid fodreayrtan.
* 28 Nollick &ndash; Haink Galileo Galilei dy ve ny chied rollageyder ghow baght er y phlanaid Neptioon as eh ayns co-whingys lesh Jupiter. Ansherbee, chur eh yn planaid sheese myr rollage hoit 'sy chatalog kyndagh rish e ghleashaght voal er yn ecliptagh. Cha row Neptioon fogrit magh myr planaid agh ayns 1846, 234 bleeaney ny s'anmey tra chur Johann Gottfried Galle shilley er ayns Reayrtlann Verleen.

## Ruggyryn
* 22 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Daniel Zwicker, lhee Germaanagh (b. 1678)
* 12 Averil &ndash; Simone Cantarini, peinteyr as grainneyder Iddaalagh (b. 1648)
* 23 Luanistyn &ndash; Francis Lascelles, politickeyr Sostynagh (b. 1667)
* 7 Sauin &ndash; Pierre Mignard, peinteyr Frangagh (b. 1695)

## Baaseyn
* 6 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Christopher Clavius, maddaghteyr as rollageyder Germaanagh (r. 1538)
* 12 Luanistyn &ndash; Giovanni Gabrieli, cummeyder Iddaalagh ( 1554)
* 23 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; János Petki, politickeyr Ungaaragh (r. 1572)
1655

**1655** (MDCLV), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jeheiney rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein chadjin ghow toshiaght Jelhune rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 25 Mayrnt &ndash; Ren Christiaan Huygens feddyn magh Titan, yn eayst smoo lesh Sarn.

## Ruggyryn
* 19 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Nalan Xingde, feelee Sheenagh (b. 1685)
* 28 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Johann Beer, cummeyder Austeyragh (b. 1700)
* 21 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Roger Cave, politickeyr Sostynagh (b. 1703)
* 16 Sauin &ndash; Alessandro Gherardini, peinteyr Iddaalagh (b. 1726)

## Baaseyn
* 14 Averil &ndash; Johann Erasmus Kindermann, cummeyder as organeyr Germaanagh (r. 1616)
* 8 Boaldyn &ndash; Edward Winslow, toshiagh Pirgrinagh Americaanagh (r. 1596)
* 15 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Girolamo Rainaldi, ard-obbree Iddaalagh (r. 1570)
* 22 Nollick &ndash; Tsugaru Nobuyoshi, daimyō Shapaanagh (r. 1619)
1599

**1599** (MDXCIX), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jeheiney rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein chadjin ghow toshiaght Jelhune rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 15 Luanistyn &ndash; Cah an Corrshliabh: Chur forsaghyn Yernagh ny Sostynee fo haart.

## Ruggyryn
* 22 Mayrnt &ndash; Anthony van Dyck, peinteyr Flandrynagh (b. 1641)
* 25 Averil &ndash; Oliver Cromwell, Çhiarn Choadeyder Hostyn, ny h-Albey, as Nerin (b. 1658)
* 6 Mean Souree &ndash; Diego Velázquez, peinteyr Spaainagh (b. 1660)
* 7 Mean Fouyir &ndash; Jacob Westerbaen, feelee Ollanagh (b. 1670)
* 29 Nollick &ndash; Gabriel Bucelin, screeudeyr shennaghys Germaanagh (b. 1681)

## Baaseyn
* 13 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Edmund Spenser, feelee Sostynagh (r. 1552)
* 22 Luanistyn &ndash; Luca Marenzio, cummeyder Iddaalagh (r. 1553)
* 27 Nollick &ndash; Francisco Pérez de Valenzuela, dooinney ooasle Spaainagh (r. 1528)
1169

**1169** (MCLXIX), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jecrean rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* Boaldyn &ndash; Ruegys Normanagh er Nerin: Ren sidooryn failtagh tarlheim ec yeearree y Ree Diarmaid mac Murchadha. Va Richard de Clare (jiulean Inry II) coontit mastey adsyn ren tarlheim as eh ayns cochaarjys lesh yn eebyrtagh Diarmaid mac Murchadha va geearree troyn Lion y gheddyn er-ash.

## Ruggyryn
* Ibn al-Mustawfi, kiannoort as screeudeyr shennaghys Ayyubidagh (b. 1239)
* Taira no Atsumori, samurai Shapaanagh (b. 1184)

## Baaseyn
* Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi, yl-oayllee Pershagh
* Otomae, ben-arraneyder Shapaanagh (r. 1085)
1187

**1187** (MCLXXXVII), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jerdein rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 29 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Chur Gregoir VIII magh y bulley *[[Audita tremendi]]*, treeal y Trass Croshaid as barganey lesh yn Impir Ferdorraghey I.
* Sauin &ndash; Hrog Rickad Poitou, mac lesh y Ree Inry II Hostyn, seose y Chrosh dy chur cooney rish goaill Jerusalem veih ny Moslymee.

## Ruggyryn
* 29 Mayrnt &ndash; Adha I (ny **Arzhur**), diuc y Vritaan (b. 1203)
* Koga Michiteru, dooinney ooasle as feelee Shapaanagh (b. 1248)

## Baaseyn
* 9 Sauin &ndash; Gao Zong, impir Sheenagh (r. 1107)
* 17 Nollick &ndash; Gregoir VIII, paab yn Agglish Chatoleagh
1203

**1203** (MCCIII), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jecrean rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* Chur Ragnall mac Somairle, dooinney ooasle Albinaghm cuirrey da maynee Venedictee dy vunnaghey Abban Ì Chaluim Chille.

## Ruggyryn
* Mindaugas, ree yn Litaan (b. 1263)
* Zakariya al-Qazwini, rollageyder Pershagh (b. 1283)

## Baaseyn
* Boaldyn &ndash; Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd, flah Bretnagh
* Toghrul (ny Wang Khan), toshiagh Mongoilagh
1133

**1133** (MCXXXIII), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jedoonee rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* Ren Jeff veih Mynwy, cleragh Sostynagh, screeu y recortys *[[Historia Regum Britanniae]]*.

## Ruggyryn
* Andronikos Kontostephanos, dooinney ooasle Baisantagh

## Baaseyn
* 4 Nollick &ndash; Bernard degli Uberti, aspick Iddaalagh
1189

**1189** (MCLXXXIX), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jedoonee rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 5 Nollick &ndash; Hug Ree Illiam I ("y Leoin") ny h-Albey 10,000 margyn da Rickad I dy chionnaghey seyrsnys e reeriaght. Ren eh shen ceau Conaant Falaise harrish, conaant va fo-screeuit tra va Illiam goit ayns 1174.
* Boaldyn &ndash; Ta Reeriaght Chroshaidagh Jerusalem er ny ve aaghoit ec Saladin, faagail magh Tyros. Ta ny cashtallyn Montreal as Kerak er ve goit ec forsaghyn Moslymagh. 'Sy twoaie, ta Prinsaght Antioch, goaill magh Antioch hene as y cashtal ec Al-Qusayr 'sy Teer, aaghoit ec forsaghyn Saladin.

## Ruggyryn
* Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad, sultan Ayyubidagh (b. 1217)
* Skule Bårdsson, dooinney ooasle Norlynnagh (b. 1240)

## Baaseyn
* 15 Mean Souree &ndash; Minamoto no Yoshitsune, gineraal Shapaanagh (r. 1159)
* 6 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Inry II, ree Hostyn (r. 1133)
* Anvari, rollageyder, feelee, as screeudeyr Pershagh (r. 1126)
* Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair, ree Yernagh
851

**851** (DCCCLI), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jerdein rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 22 Luanistyn &ndash; Cah Jengland: Ghow y Diuc Erispoe anney er ny forsaghyn Britaanagh lurg baase e ayr, Nevenoe, ree yn Vritaan. Ren eh freayll soiagh noi ny Frankee ayns cochaarjys marish Lambert II Naoned. Ayns Il-ha-Gwilen faggys da Felgerieg-Veur ('sy Vritaan), chur Erispoe armee Frankagh-Saxonagh (4,000 deiney) fo stiurey yn Ree Çhalse Meayl.

## Ruggyryn
* Otto I, diuc Sachsen (date faggyssagh)

## Baaseyn
* 7 Mayrnt &ndash; Nevenoe, ree (ny diuc) y Vritaan
* Cináed mac Conaing, ree Breá (Nerin)
* Ishaq ibn Yahya ibn Mu'adh, kiannoort Moslymagh
* Ólchobar mac Cináeda, ree yn Vooan (Nerin)
Jeannette Rankin

She politickeyr Americaanagh as sheerloayreyder er son cairyn ny mraane va **Jeannette Pickering Rankin** (11 Mean Souree 1880 – 18 Boaldyn 1973). She ish va'n chied ven dy ghoaill shelloo er oik pholitickagh ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit. V'ee reiht da Thie Ynnydee ny Steatyn Unnaneysit myr Pobblaghtagh veih Montana ayns 1916 feie un cheayrt, as v'ee reiht reesht ayns 1940. She Rankin ta'n ynrican ven ve reiht da'n Chohionnal veih Montana.

Haghyr y daa cheayrt chohionnalagh ec Rankin ec y traa cheddin as ny Steatyn Unnaneysit goll stiagh ayns dagh fer jeh'n daa chaggey dowanagh. She sheeagheyr beayn v'ee, as v'ee coontit mastey 50 olteynyn y Thie hass n'oi fogrey magh caggee noi'n Ghermaan ayns 1917. Ayns 1941, v'ee yn ynrican oltey jeh'n Chohionnal ren votal n'oi fogrey magh caggee noi'n Çhapaan lurg y toiagh er Pearl Harbor.

She suffrageyr v'ee car y Lhing Lhiassee as ren ee reaghey as sheerloayrt er son slattyssyn dy chur cairys votal da mraane ayns shiartanse dy steatyn, goaill stiagh Montana, York Noa, as Dakota Hwoaie. Tra v'ee 'sy Chohionnal, chur ee stiagh slattys haink dy ve enmyssit y 19oo Lhiassaghey Bunraghtoil, chur cairyn votal gyn lhiettrimys da mraane er feie ny Steatyn Unnaneysit. Hass ee er son shiartanse dy chooishyn cairyn sheelnaue harrish e coorse bea ny smoo na shey jeihaghtyn.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*Jeannette Rankin Peace Center ayns Missoula, Montana
*Papers, 1879–1976. Lioarlann Schlesinger, Undinys Radcliffe, Ollooscoill Harvard
*Pabyryn Vooinjer Rankin, 1888-1946
1639

**1639** (MDCXXXIX), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jesarn rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein chadjin ghow toshiaght Jemayrnt rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* Ren Cossack Rooshagh gleashaghey tessen Sleityn yn Ooral dys Okhotsk er y Cheayn Sheealtagh.

## Ruggyryn
* 1 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Jacob Knijff, peinteyr Ollanagh (b. 1681)
* 4 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Alessandro Melani, cummeyder Iddaalagh (b. 1703)
* 20 Mayrnt &ndash; Ivan Mazepa, Hetman yn Ookraan (b. 1709)
* 22 Nollick &ndash; Jean Racine, dramadeyr Frangagh (b. 1699)

## Baaseyn
* 16 Mayrnt &ndash; Pieter de Neyn, peinteyr Ollanagh (r. 1597)
* 15 Nollick &ndash; Muzio Oddi, maddaghteyr Iddaalagh (r. 1569)
1641

**1641** (MDCXLI), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jemayrnt rere yn eaillere Gregoiragh, as blein chadjin ghow toshiaght Jeheiney rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 23 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Vrish Irree Magh Nerin 1641 magh tra dirree sleih ooasle Catoleagh Yernagh, ayns Ullee er y chooid smoo, magh noi'n reirey Sostynagh as ny coloinee Albinagh ayns Nerin.

## Ruggyryn
* 17 Boaldyn &ndash; Pierre Monier, peinteyr Frangagh (b. 1703)
* 15 Mean Souree &ndash; Bernard de la Monnoye, leighder Frangagh (b. 1728)
* 10 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Wolfgang Printz, cummeyder Germaanagh (b. 1717)
* 20 Nollick &ndash; Urban Hjärne, kemmigagh Soolynnagh (b. 1724)

## Baaseyn
* 24 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Francesco Usper, cummeyder Iddaalagh (r. 1561)
* 3 Jerrey Fouyir &ndash; Étienne Martellange, ard-obbree Frangagh (r. 1569)
* 9 Nollick &ndash; Anthony van Dyck, peinteyr Flandrynagh (r. 1599)
Hernán Cortés

**Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, 1d Varkys Ghlion Oaxaca** (Mee ny Nollick 1485 – 2 Mee ny Nollick 1547), she *[[conquistador]]* Spaainagh v'eh. Stiur eh yn turrys-contoyrtys hug rish tuittym yn Impiraght Asteckagh as chionnee eh ayrnyn mooarey jeh'n vooar-heer haink dy ve Meksico noa-emshiragh fo reirey ree yn Chashteel 'sy 16oo eash leah. Va Cortés coontit mastey ny ronseyderyn as ny conquistadoryn ghow toshiaght rish y chied phaase jeh coloinaghyn Spaainagh ny h-Americkyn.

V'eh ruggit ayns Medellín, y Spaainey, lesh mooinjer lieh-ooasle. Reih eh geiyrt er contoyrtyssyn as er berçhys 'sy Theihll Noa. Hie eh dys Hispaniola as, ny s'anmey, dys y Choobey, raad hooar eh *[[encomienda]]* (cairys da obbyr viallee er lheh). Feie tammylt beg, ren eh shirveish myr *[[alcalde]]* (briw beg) er y nah valley Spaainagh va bunnit er yn ellan. Ayns 1519, v'eh reiht myr captan y trass turrys-contoyrtys dys y vooar-heer. Hug eh beggan argid echey hene da'n turrys-contoyrtys. Ren e noidys n'oi kiannoort y Choobeby, Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, cur rish aagherrym er-ash jeh'n turrys-contoyrtys ec y vinnid yerrinagh, agh yiooldee Cortés veih'n oardagh shen.

Lurg e heet dys y vooar-rheynn, chur Cortés strateysh rahoil er bun raad heuee eh rish bun-dooghyssee ennagh n'oi fir elley. Chammah's shen, ghow eh ymmyd jeh ben dooghyssagh, Doña Marina, myr çhyndaader. Ny s'anmey, rug ee yn chied vac echey. Tra chur kiannoort y Choobey çhaghteryn dy ghoaill Cortés seose, chagg eh nyn oi as va'n varriaght echey. Ghow eh ymmyd jeh ny sidooryn elley myr tooilley cooney. Screeu Cortés lettyryn jeeragh da'n ree shirrey bwooise ry-hoi e varriaghtyn ayns ynnyd kerraghey ry-hoi e halleydys. Erreish da ren eh ceau yn Impiraght Asteckagh harrish, va'n enmys *[[Markyssaght Ghlion Oaxaca|marqués del Valle de Oaxaca]]* bronnit er Cortés, tra va'n enmys lhiass-ree, va ny s'ooashley, bronnit er yn ard-dooinney ooasle, Antonio de Mendoza. Ayns 1541, ren Cortés goll er-ash dys y Spaainey raad hooar eh baase shey bleeaney ny s'anmey rere cooishyn najooragh.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Ny lettyryn ec Cortés, raad t'eh cur sheese er ny taghyrtyn bentyn rish y varriaght er Meksico
* "Cortes, Hernando" Belinda H. Nanney
* "Hernán Cortés, marqués del Valle de Oaxaca", Encyclopædia Britannica
Asteckee

She sleih as cultoor Americaanagh bun-dooghyssagh ayns Mesoamerica va ny h-**Asteckee**. Ren ad reirey harrish yn Impiraght Asteckagh veih'n 14oo eash derrey yn 16oo eash.

Ta'n fockle "Asteckagh" çheet ass  ny  'sy Nahuatl t'eh meanal "sleih ass Aztlan". Ta ny shenn skeealyn gra dy nee Aztlan va'n chied voayl raad ren ny h-Asteckee cummal ayn. Ta "Aztlan" hene meanal "boayl coaryn ny h-astan" ayns Nahuatl.dg.&nbsp;8

Dy mennick, ta'n enmys "Asteckagh" çheet er sleih Tenochtitlan. She ard-valley er ellan ayns Logh Texcoco v'eh. Denmys y sleih adsyn hene Mexica, as, kyndagh rish shen, ta'n çheer hene enmyssit Meksico. Chur ad Nahua orroosyn hene as, myr shen, she Nahuatl enmys nyn jengey oc.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Aztecs / Nahuatl / Tenochtitlan: Cooid bentyn rish Mesoamerica Henndeeagh ec Ollooscoill Minnesota, Duluth
* Aztec history, culture and religion B. Diaz del Castillo, The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico (çhyndaait liorish A.P. Maudsley, 1928, aa-phrentit 1965)
* 
* "The Aztecs-looking behind the myths" er ''In Our Time'' liorish BBC Radio 4, goaill stiagh Alan Knight, Adrian Locke as Elizabeth Graham
Cappagh caggee

Ta **cappagh caggee**, ny **pryssoonagh caggee**, çheet er peiagh fo cappeeys ec pooar troiddagh ny caggoil car, ny jeeragh lurg, streeu armit.

Fo Conaantyn Geneva 1949, ta staydys yrjit feallee choadit bronnit er cappee chaggee, cur liorish shivoilee as troddanee ta *[[hors de combat]]* ("ass caggey").

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*Prisoners of war and humanitarian law, ICRC. 
*Prisoners of War &ndash; Tashtlann Ashoonagh yn RU.
*Prisoners of War 1755–1831 &ndash; Tashtlann Ashoonagh yn RU ADM 103
Droghad Britannia

She droghad ayns Bretyn ta goll tessen Keyllys Menai eddyr Moan as ard-valley Bangor eh **Droghad Britannia** (: ). Hoshiaght, v'eh kiaddit as troggit liorish y jeshaghteyr raad yiarn Robert Stephenson myr droghad feddanagh ass reaishyn rheynn-chishtey kiare-chuilleigagh jeh yiarn bwoaillit da ymmyrkey traght traenagh. S'mooar yn scansh v'echey myr kiangley bunneydagh 'sy vollagh jeh Raad Yiarn y Çhaayr as Caergybi, as chur eh rish arraghey traenagh jeeragh eddyr Lunnin as y phurt ayns Caergybi, red chur eh hene rish kiangley marrey dys Divlyn, Nerin.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
*
Ernest Gallo

She delleyder as miallagh Americaanagh va **Ernest J. Gallo** (18 Mayrnt 1909 – 6 Mayrnt 2007). Ren eh co-vunnaghey yn eeynlann E & J Gallo Winery ayns Modesto, California.
Keyllys Menai

She keyllys eh **Keyllys Menai** (; ). T'eh scarrey yn ellan Moan veih Gwynedd er mooar-heer Vretyn. T'eh soit eddyr Baie Caernarfon 'sy neear yiass as Baie Conwy 'sy niar hwoaie, daa ghullad jeh Mooir Vannin. Ta'n keyllys mysh 25 km (16 mi) er lhiurid as, er lheead, t'eh eddyr 400 meadaryn (1,300 ft) eddyr Doon Belan as Kione Abermenai dys 7.5 kilomeadaryn (4.7 mi) eddyr Ynys Seiriol () as Penmaenmawr. Ta shiartanse d'ellanyn soit 'sy cheyllys, goaill stiagh Ynys Tysilio (), raad ta Keeill Tysilio soit.

Ta Droghad Croghit y Borth (; ), va troggit ayns 1826 rere kiaddey ec Thomas Telford as ta gymmyrkey yn raad A5, as Droghad Britannia (; ), droghad aae thruss ta gymmyrkey Preeu-linney Vretyn Hwoaie as y raad A55, goll tessen y cheyllys. She aachummey jeh droghad raad yiarn feddanagh va troggit ayns 1850 rere kiaddey ec Robert Stephenson t'eh, agh v'eh jeeill vooar jeant da rere aile ayns 1970.

## Imraaghyn
Sheerloayrtys

Ta **sheerloayrtys** (ny **sheealtaght**) çheet er eabbyn dy chur er oaie, dy lhiettal, dy stiurey, ny dy chur stiagh ayns aachummaghyn sheshoil, politickagh, tarmaynagh, ny çhymmyltaghtoil som dy yannoo caghlaaghyn ayns troa mieys gientynagh 'sy çheshaght. Shymmey cummey sheerloayrtys t'ayn, goaill stiagh troggal annee mastey yn phobble (goaill stiagh lettyryn da pabyryn naight), gaghinaghey er deiney oik reiht, roie ny cur rish faghtyssyn politickagh, jeih-chustameyrys (ny cohaghney) thieyn dellal ny reagheydyssyn, as cummaghyn seyr-chreeagh y çheerloayrtys gollrish aachruinnaghtyn, marçhyn straiddey, stholkyn, soiaghyn sthie, ny stholkyn accrys.
Politburo Phartee Cummynagh yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh

**Oik Pholitickagh jeh Ard Ving Phartee Cummynagh yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh** (, aa-ghiarrit myr: ), ny **Politburo** (), she yn undinys politickagh s'yrjey jeh Ard Ving Phartee Cummynagh yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh as co-eaghtyraneys de facto Unnaneys ny Pobblaghtyn Soveidjagh Soshiallagh v'eh. V'eh bunnit ayns Mean Fouyir 1917, as aa-vunnit ayns Mayrnt 1919, ec y 8oo Chohionnal jeh'n Phartee Bolsheavagh. V'eh enmyssit yn **Presidium** veih 1952 derrey 1966. Haink jerrey lesh y Politburo ayns 1991 lurg tuittym yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh.
## Imraaghyn
Traartys Katyń

**Traartys Katyń**, she straih ard-ghunveryssyn v'eh, jeh begnagh 22,000 offishearyn caggee as cappee chaggee yn lught tushtey Polynnagh va jeant ec yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh, yn NKVD ("Commisaraght Heayagh cour Cooishyn Sthie", ny poleenyn follit Soveidjagh) er lheh, ayns Averil as Boaldyn 1940. Ga dy daghyr dunveryssyn ayns pryssoonyn Kalinin as Kharkiv mastey buill elley chammah, ta'n traartys enmyssit ass keyll Katyń raad va fir jeh ny chied oaiaghyn an-choodit liorish forsaghyn Natseeagh Germaanagh.

Doardee yn Politburo Soveidjagh fo stiurey Joseph Stalin dy follit olteynyn cappagh jeh corps offishearyn Polynnagh y chur gy baase. Mastey adsyn va marrooit, va 8,000 nyn offishearyn va currit ayns pryssoon car y Ruegys Soveidjagh er y Pholynn ayns 1939, va 6,000 nyn offishearyn poleen, as va'n chooid elley jeh ny 8,000 tayrnit ass lught tushtey yn Pholynn va enmyssit ec yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh myr "jantee fysseree as meoiryn-shee, speeikearyn as stroiederyn, aa-hellooderyn thallooin, aa-hellooderyn stashoonyn dellal, as fir oik". Mastey adsyn va marrooit, va Polynnee, Ookraanee, Belarooshee, as mysh 799&ndash;900 Ewnyn Polynnagh.

Ren reiltys y Ghermaan Natseeagh fogrey magh feddynys ny mooar-oiaghyn ayns Keyll Katyń ayns Averil 1943. Ren Stalin giarrey mooinjerys diploamagh lesh reiltys y Pholynn er eebyrt va bunnit ayns Lunnin tra hirr ad ronsaghey oikoil liorish Bing Eddyr-ashoonagh y Chrosh Yiarg. Lurg y toiagh Vistula–Oder tra huitt ny mooar-oiaghyn fo reirey ny Soveidjee, ren yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh fogrey magh dy varr ny Natseeyn ny dreihyn, as yiooldee eh veih freggyrtys derrey 1990 tra ghow eh rish y reggyrtys dy h-oikoil as ren eh deyrey ny dunveryssyn liorish yn NKVD chammah as y follaghey liorish y reiltys Soveidjagh.

Ren ronsaghey va stiurit ec oik ard-hualtee yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh (1990–1991) as Chonastey yn Roosh (1991–2004) shickyraghey yn freggyrtys Soveidjagh, agh cha denmys ad y traartys myr kimmeeys caggee ny jannoo ard-ghunverys. Va'n ronsaghey doont er-yn-oyr dy row ny jantee marroo as, er-yn-oyr nagh ren reiltys y Roosh rand-oardraghey ny merriu myr dreihyn y Ghlenney Mooar, va aalaanaghey formoil eear-vaaish coontit neuyesh. Ayns Mee Houney 2010, as y Roosh geearree mooinjerys y haraghey lesh y Pholynn, ren Duma Steat y Roosh doltey fogrey ren deyrey Stalin as fir oik Hoveidjagh elley er son oardaghey yn traartys. Ansherbee, haghyr asschaarjys 'sy vooinjerys lurg y Chaggey Rooshagh-Ookraanagh. Ayns 2021, ren Shirveishaght Cultoor y Roosh graadaghey sheese y yn ard-hroggalys cooinaghtyn ayns Katyń er e Recortys jeh Buill yn Eiraght Chultooragh veih boayl jeh scansh chonastagh dys boayl jeh scansh ardjynagh.

## Noteyn

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Мемориал "Катынь" (Thie Tashtee Cooinaghtyn Katyń, ynnyd-eggey oikoil).
*
Inry II Hostyn

She Ree Hostyn veih 1154 derrey laa e vaaish ayns 1189 va **Inry II** (5 Mayrnt 1133 – 6 Jerrey Souree 1189), ny **Henry Curtmantle**. Car e reill, v'eh ayns kioneys er Sostyn, ayrnyn mooarey jeh Bretyn as Nerin, as er cooid vie jeh'n Rank (goaill stiagh y Norman, Aquitaine, as Anjou), ard va currit ry-cheilley as enmyssit Impiraght Angevin, as dreill eh pooar harrish Nalbin as Diucaght y Vritaan.
1475

**1475** (MCDLXXV), she blein chadjin v'ee, ghow toshiaght Jedoonee rere feaillere Yool.

## Taghyrtyn
* 4 Jerrey Souree &ndash; Caggaghyn y Vurgoon: Ren Edard IV Hostyn tarlheim ayns Calais, er çheu Ghiucaght y Vurgoon noi'n Rank.
* 29 Luanistyn &ndash; Chur Conaant Picquigny jerrey lesh y chaggey giare eddyr y Rank as Sostyn.

## Ruggyryn
* 6 Mayrnt &ndash; Michelangelo Buonarroti, jallooder Iddaalagh (b. 1564)
* 11 Nollick &ndash; Paab Leon X (b. 1521)
* *Date gyn fys*
** Vasco Núñez de Balboa, conquistador Spaainagh (date faggyssagh; b. 1519)

## Baaseyn
* 20 Mayrnt &ndash; Georges Chastellain, recortysseyr as feelee Burgoonagh
Ferdinand Magellan

She ronseyder Portiugagh va **Fernão de Magalhães** ny **Ferdinand Magellan** (1480 – 27 Averil 1521). Haink eh dy ve ny chied Oarpagh shiaulley tessen y Cheayn Sheealtagh as she eshyn stiur yn ayrn smoo jeh'n chied hiaulley mygeayrt y Dowan. Ren e varrinys shickyraghey dy nee cruinney eh yn Dowan.

V'eh ruggit ayns 1480, as ta ny recortyssyn gra dy row eh ruggit ayns twoaie yn Phortiugal. Ren eh obbraghey 'sy chooyrt reeoil. Tra hooar e phaarantyn, va coontit mastey lught ooasle y Phortiugal, baase, haink Magellan dy ve ny phaitçhey da'n venrein tra v'eh 10 bleeaney d'eash. Dynsee eh ram schleieyn scanshoil 'sy chooyrt reeoil, goaill stiagh jannoo kaartyn, lhuingysseyraght, as rollageydys. Ayns 1505, hie eh stiagh 'sy lhuingys. As eh gobbraghey da'n Phortiugal, hiauill eh dys ram ayrnyn y dowan, lheid as yn Injey, Ellanyn ny Spiosyn, yn Affrick Hiar, as y Varoc. Tra v'eh 'sy Varoc, va Magellan guintit as hooill eh dy baccagh da'n chooid elley jeh'n vea echey. Tra chaill eh e staartey da Ree yn Phortiugal, hie eh d'obbraghey lesh Ree yn Spaainey.

Va Magellan ny chied Oarpagh dy hiaulley trooid Keyllys Magellan as, kyndagh rish shen, va'n keyllys enmyssit ass. Va Magellan marroit ayns ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh er 27 Averil 1521 ayns Mactan car cah lesh ny deiney dooghyssagh fo anney Lapulapu tra va cassid ghaddeeaght jeant er.

Chur Çhalse V y Spaainey quieg lhongyn da da'n varrinys mygeayrt y dowan. Cha daink agh un lhong, y *[[Victoria (lhong)|Victoria]]*, dy valley.

## Noteyn

## Symnaghyn

## Imraaghyn

* 
* 

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Ferdinand Magellan er history.com 
*PBS Secrets of the Dead: Magellan's Crossing 
* Expedición Magallanes – Juan Sebastian Elcano 
* Ferdinand Magellan – *[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]*
Guam

She thalloo reaghit, neuchorpit jeh ny Steatyn Unnaneysit ayns ard y Vynneeys jeh'n Cheayn Sheealtagh eh **Guam** (). She Hagåtña preeu-valley Guam, agh she Dededo yn balley smoo rere earroo yn phobble. She Guam y boayl smoo eearagh jeh ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, goaill stiagh e chroghaneyn. 'Syn Aarkeylann, she Guam yn ellan smoo rere eaghtyr as yn ellan smoo jiassagh mastey Ellanyn Mariana as yn ellan smoo 'sy Vynneeys.

## Imraaghyn
Next Gen (fillym)

She fillym jantys far-skeealaght heanse ta bioghit lesh co-earrooder veih'n vlein 2018 eh ***Next Gen***. T'eh bunnit er y manhua er-linney *7723* liorish Wang Nima (va soilshit magh da'n chied cheayrt ayns Baozou Manhua, va bunnit as stiurit ec Wang), as t'eh stiurit ec Kevin R. Adams as Joe Ksander. Ta'n fillym goaill stiagh gooyn John Krasinski, Charlyne Yi, Jason Sudeikis, Michael Peña, David Cross, as Constance Wu. Ta'n fillym ginsh skeeal Mai Su, caillin jeigeyr meeviallagh ta beaghey ayns seihll raad ta çhaghnoaylleeaght robot ennaghtagh feer chadjin. Ta 7723, robot armit follit, as y caillin goll quail rish y cheilley dy tuittymagh as jannoo kiangley t'ad gymmydey son dy lhiettal baggyrt loghtagh. Va'n fillym skeaylit magh er Netflix er 7 Mean Fouyir 2018, as v'eh gientit liorish Blender begnagh dy liehlagh.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Alessandro Manzoni

**Alessandro Francesco Tommaso Antonio Manzoni** (7 Mayrnt 1785 – 22 Boaldyn 1873), she feelee, noaskeealagh, as fallsoonagh Iddaalagh v'eh. Ta enney share er er son e noaskeeal *[[I promessi sposi]]* (er ny skeaylley magh 'sy Vaarle myr ) (1827), ta coontit dy mennick mastey ard-obbraghyn lettyraght y dowan. Ta'n noaskeeal ny chowrey jeh'n Risorgimento Iddaalagh, kyndagh rish e haghteraght heer-ghraihagh chammah as er-yn-oyr dy nee clagh veeilley v'eh ayns lhiassaghey yn Iddaalish noa-emshiragh unnaneyssit. Chur Manzoni da co-hoiaghey yn Iddaalish noa-emshiragh as chur eh rish shickyraghey yn unnaneyssey çhengoaylleeagh er feie yn Iddaal. She sheerloayreyder cummaghtagh y Chatoleaghys Libraalagh 'syn Iddaal v'eh. Dy mennick, ta ny cremmeyderyn soiaghey e obbraghyn as e smooinaghtyn noi ry-hoi adsyn ec Giacomo Leopardi aeg.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* 
*
Reinhard Heydrich

**Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich** (7 March 1904&nbsp;– 4 June 1942), she ard-er oik poleen Germaanagh 'syn SS car eash ny Natseeyn v'eh. Ta enney mooar er myr nane jeh ard-obbreeyn y Deherree.

Va Heydrich ny hoshiagh er Ard-Oik Hickyrys y Reich (goaill stiagh y Gestapo, y Kripo, as yn SD). Chammah's shen, she *Stellvertretender Reichsprotektor* (Lhiass Reich-Protector, ny Reich-Protector Shallidagh) er Bohemia as Moravia v'eh. Ren eh shirveish myr eaghtyrane Chommishoon Eddyrashoonagh ny Poleenyn Kimmee (ICPC/CEPK, ta enmyssit Interpol jiu), as v'eh ny chaairliagh er Co-whaiyl Wannsee ayns Jerrey Geuree 1942, chur rish formoilaghey ny plannyn ry-hoi'n "Eaysley Jerrinagh da feysht ny h-Ewnyn" — eebyrtys as kynney-ghunverys dagh Ew 'syn Oarpey fo'n chummaltys Germaanagh.

Ta ram screeudeyryn shennaghys coontey Heydrich mastey ny feallee s'dorree 'sy reamys Natseeagh; chur Adolf Hitler sheese er myr "y dooinney lesh y chree yiarn". She kione bunnee y *[[Sicherheitsdienst]]* (y Çhirveish Hickyrys, SD) v'eh, reagheydys fysseree currymit lesh shirrey as neaghtyraghey yn condaigys noi'n Phartee Natseeagh lesh goaillyn fo ghlass, eebyrtyssyn, as dunveryssyn. Hug eh cooney da reaghey *[[Kristallnacht]]*, straih jeh soiaghyn co-oardit noi Ewnyn feie'n Ghermaan Natseeagh as ayrnyn jeh'n Austeyr er 9–10 Mee Houney 1938. Va ny soiaghyn jeant ec sidooryn soiagh yn SA as shivoilee, taghyrt chur raaue jeh'n Deherree. Tra haink eh dys Praag, hirr Heydrich dy chur jerrey da'n chondaigys noi'n chummaltys Natseeagh trooid mooghey yn chultoor Sheckagh as geebyrtey as cur gy-baase olteynyn y sthaagey Sheckagh. V'eh freggyrtagh dy jeeragh ry-hoi ny *[[Einsatzgruppen]]*, possanyn-kiartag hroaill ny yei ny h-armeeyn Germaanagh as varr ny smoo na daa villioon dy leih rere ard-lhiggey as gassaghey, goaill stiagh 1.3&nbsp,villioon dy Ewnyn.

Va Heydrich guinnt gy baase ayns Praag er 27 Boaldyn 1942 myr eiyrtys jeh Obbreeaght Anthropoid. Ren possan dy hidoory Sheckagh as Slovackagh fo chlea soiagh er rere oardagh dunverys veih reiltys y Çheckoslovack er eebyrtys. Va'n possan ynsit liorish Sheckterys Obbreeaghtyn Er-lheh Goaldagh. Hooar Heydrich baase veih e ghortyn er 4 Mean Souree. Ren ny fysseree Natseeagh kiangley dy breagagh ny sidooryn Sheckagh as Slovackagh rish ny baljyn beggey Lidice as Ležáky. Va'n daa valley beg er nyn scryssey as nyn draartyssey; va dagh fer as guilley 14 d'eash as ny shinney lhiggit, as va'n chooid smoo jeh ny mraane as ny caillinyn ymmyrkit dys, as marrooit ayns, ny sleih-champyn Natseeagh.

## Imraaghyn
### Symnaghyn

### Farraneyn-fys

* 
*
*
*

## Kianglaghyn magh

*Docamadyn bentyn rish Co-whaiyl Wannsee, Thie Tashtee Wannsee
*Reinhard Heydrich er ynnyd-eggey Yad Vashem
* shirveish ny merriu Reinhard Heydrich, naight-rollian Germaanagh
** shirveish ny merriu Reinhard Heydrich ayns Praag as Berleen, naight-rollian veih British Pathé nagh row currit magh (ny host)
* loayrtys Reinhard Heydrich
* Hitler cur ard-voylley da Reinhard Heydrich
Marçhyn Selma dys Montgomery

Ta **marçhyn Selma dys Montgomery** çheet er tree çhionnraaghyn, haghyr ayns 1965, er y raad 54 meeillaghyn (87 km) er lhiurid veih Selma, Alabama, dys preeu-valley yn steat Montgomery. Va ny marçhyn reaghit ec sheerloayreyderyn oayllaashagh dy haishbyney mian ny seyraanee Affro-Americaanagh ayns cliaghtey nyn gair vunraghtoil dy votal, noi'n smaghtey scarreydagh; v'ad coontit myr ayrn jeh gleashaght votal ny shlea va taghyrtyn ayns Selma as feie Jiass ny Steatyn Unnaneysit. Chur ad sollys er yn aggair chynneeagh as chur ad rish çheet ny hrooid jeh'n Voting Rights Act, cooilleeiney conastagh ogheragh jeh gleashaght ny cairyn deiney.
Selma, Alabama

She ard-valley ayns jiass meanagh Alabama, ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, eh **Selma**. She preeu-valley yn choontae Dallas t'ayn. T'eh soit er brooinyn Awin Alabama. Ta  cummal ayn. She Affro-Americaanee mysh 80% jeh'n phobble.

She stashoon dellal as balley margee jeh'n chadee va Selma car ny bleeantyn eddyr-chaggee. Chammah's shen, she boayl scanshoil da jantys armyn as troggal lhongyn yiarn da'n Chochiangley car Caggey Theayagh America, as eh cruinnit lesh meeilaghyn dy ghoonyn as peelaghyn cray. Va ny forsaghyn Cochianglagh currit fo haart car Cah Selma 'sy vee slane jerrinagh jeh'n chaggey.

Ayns ny traaghyn jeianagh, haink enney mooar er y valley kyndagh rish gleashaght ny cairyn deiney ayns ny 1960yn as ny marçhyn Selma dys Montgomery, goaill toshiagh rish "Doonaght ny Folley" ayns 1965 as goaill jerrey rish ny 25,000 sleih hie stiagh ayns Montgomery ec jerrey yn varçh jerrinagh as ad shirrey cairyn votal. Ren y sheerloayrtys shoh gientyn arrey ashoonagh da'n chairys sheshoil as 'sy tourey shen, hie yn Voting Rights Act, 1965 trooid y Chohionnal chur pooar da tashtey as jeeaney ny cairyn bunraghtoil v'ec dagh seyraanagh Americaanagh.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* Lioarlann Heayagh Selma-Dallas County
Stanley Kubrick

She jantagh fillym as fotografee Americaanagh va **Stanley Kubrick** (26 Jerrey Souree 1928 – 7 Mayrnt 1999). T'eh coontit mastey ny jantee fillym share v'ayn rieau. She aachummaghyn noaskeealyn ny skeealyn giare va'n chooid smoo jeh'n obbyr echey, ghow stiagh ram shaanraghyn as ghow da moylley mooar kyndagh rish ny sonreeaghtyn v'ayn, y scannaneaght noadagh, kiaddey lheeadagh ny settyn, as y doo-aittys.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Stanley Kubrick ec y Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame
* Where to begin with Stanley Kubrick ec y BFI
*  *Kubrick's A Clockwork Orange pays homage to Antonioni*
*Stanley Kubrick ec y Chatalog AFI
*Stanley Kubrick ec AllMovie
*
*Stanley Kubrick ec Rotten Tomatoes
*Stanley Kubrick ec Turner Classic Movies
Jysk cumir

She cummey stoyral fysseree er jysk shilleydagh bun-earrooagh eh yn **jysk cumir** ny yn **CD** (veih  y Vaarle). V'eh co-lhiassit ec Philips as Sony dy stoyral as dy chloie sheean-recortyssyn. Va'n chied jysk cumir jeant ayns Luanistyn 1982. V'eh skeaylt magh da'n chied cheayrt 'sy Çhapaan ayns Jerrey Fouyir 1982.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Feeshan &ndash; How Compact Discs are Manufactured 
* Shennaghys y jysk cumir ec Philips 
* Patent History (CD Player)&nbsp;– soilshit magh liorish Philips ayns 2005
* Patent History CD Disc&nbsp;– soilshit magh liorish Philips ayns 2003
John Ericsson

She ynlaghteyr as jeshaghteyr obbrinagh Americaanagh jeh bun Soolynnagh inventor. va **John Ericsson** (ruggit myr **Johan Ericsson**; 31 Jerrey Souree 1803 – 8 Mayrnt 1889).   He was active in England and the United States.

Ren eh co-obbraghey er kiaddey yn jeshaght traenagh raad yiarn ''Novelty'', ren cohirrey ayns tryallyn Rainhill er Raad Yiarn Lerphoyll as Manchuin. Va ny tryallyn cosnit ec tn ynlaghteyr George Stephenson (1781–1848), as e yeshaght ''Rocket''. Ayns America Hwoaie, ren eh kiaddey y chied rigaid-scriughaaltan ayns Lhuingys Chaggee ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, y USS ''Princeton'', ayns co-pharteeas lesh y Chaptan (Ard-Chaptan ny s'anmey) Robert F. Stockton (1795–1866), chur foill y drogh-haghyrt marrooagh jeh'n lhong noa jeeragh er Ericsson gyn cairys. Chur co-pharteeas noa lesh Cornelius H. DeLamater (1821–1889), veih DeLamater Iron Works ayns Caayr York Noa, rish lhiassaghey yn chied lhong chaggee phlaitit armit lesh tooran gunney, y USS ''Monitor'', hauail squadroon çhemmaltys marrey ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (Lhuingys Chaggee yn Unnaneys) veih stroialtys liorish y lhong phlaitit Chochianglagh, y CSS ''Virginia'', ec Cah Hampton Roads ec inver jiass Baie Chesapeake (lesh yn Awin James) ayns Mayrnt 1862, car Caggey Theayagh Americaanagh.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*''The Life of John Ericsson'' liorish William Conant Church, er ny hoilshaghey magh ayns 1911, 660 duillagyn.
*John Ericsson National Memorial (Lhiaght Cooinaghtyn John Ericsson) ayns Washington
*
*
Maria Ohisalo

She politickeyr as ronseyder Finnlynnagh ee **Maria Karoliina Ohisalo** (ruggit er 8 Mayrnt 1985). She Shirveishagh Antraie v'ee eddyr 2019 as 2021. She aa-chaairliagh y Chommeeys Glass t'ee as she oltey Pharlamaid Finnlynn t'ee veih 2019. 

Ohisalo served as the Green League's interim chairman after Touko Aalto stepped down in September 2018. She was the only candidate in the Green League leadership election that was held in June 2019. She co-chaired the Union of Green Youth and Students from 2013 to 2014 and has been a member of the Helsinki City Council since 2017 and an MP since 2019.

## Imraaghyn
James Van Der Beek

**James William Van Der Beek** (ruggit er 8 Mayrnt 1977), she aghteyr Americaanagh v'eh. Ta enney share er er son e phaart myr Dawson Leery ayns *[[Dawson's Creek]]* (1998–2003) liorish The WB, as ta enney er chammah er son e phaart far-skeealagh jehsyn hene 'sy sitcom *[[Don't Trust the B---- in Apartment 23]]* (2012–2013) liorish ABC. Chammah's shen, chloie eh ayns ** (2015–2016) as 'sy chied straih jeh'n drama *[[Pose (TV series)|Pose]]* (2018) liorish FX. T'eh er ny chloie ayns ram filmyn chammah, goaill stiagh *[[Varsity Blues (fillym)|Varsity Blues]]* (1998), *[[Texas Rangers (fillym)|Texas Rangers]]* (1999), *[[The Rules of Attraction (fillym)|The Rules of Attraction]]* (2002), *[[Formosa Betrayed (fillym)|Formosa Betrayed]]* (2009), *[[Labor Day (fillym)|Labor Day]]* (2013), as *[[Bad Hair (fillym 2020)|Bad Hair]]* (2020).

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* 
*
Raymonde de Laroche

She etleyder Frangagh va **Raymonde de Laroche** (22 Luanistyn 1882 – 18 Jerrey Souree 1919). Ta enney mie urree er-yn-oyr dy vel eh er credjal dy nee ish va'n chied ven etlan y etlagh. Haink ee dy ve ny chied ven goaill shelloo er kiedoonys etlagh er 8 Mayrnt 1910.

Hooar ee y 36oo kiedoonys etlagh da etlanyn va currit magh ec Aeroclub de France, y chied reagheydys 'sy theihll dy chur magh kiedoonyssyn etlagh. Ec y traa shen, cha row feme ec kiedoonyssyn etlagh agh da cooishyn traghtee ny lomarcan.

Er 18 Jerrey Souree 1910, hie de Laroche, jeshaghteyr schleioil, dys y phairk aer ec Le Crotoy myr v'ee geearree dy ve ny chied etleyder prowallagh bwoirrin. Ren ee co-etlagh etlan prowaltagh; tra v'eh er y vollagh stiagh, huitt yn etlan ass yn aer as woaill eh yn thalloo. Hooar de Laroche as y co-etleyder baase 'sy drogh-haghyrt.

## Kianglaghyn magh

*Early Aviators – Beashnys De Laroche
Ahsaas Channa

She ben-aghteyr Injinagh ee **Ahsaas Channa** (ruggit er 5 Luanistyn 1999). T'ee gobbraghey ayns çhynskyl filmyn as çhellveeish 'sy Hindish. Myr ben-aghteyr paitçhey, ren ee obbraghey ayns *[[Vaastu Shastra (fillym)|Vaastu Shastra]]*, *[[Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna]]*, *[[My Friend Ganesha]]*, as *[[Phoonk]]* mastey filmyn elley, as myr jeigeyr, ren ee cloie ayns claareeyn çhellveeish lheid as *[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]*, *[[Oye Jassie]]* as *[[MTV Fanaah]]*.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
*
Ferdinand von Zeppelin

She gineraal Germaanagh va'n Coontey **Ferdinand von Zeppelin** (; 8 Jerrey Souree 1838 – 8 Mayrnt 1917). She ynlaghteyr ny lhongyn aer reen Zeppelin v'eh ny s'anmey 'sy vea echey. Haink e ennym dy ve co-cheeayllagh rish lhongyn aer as va'n laue yn eaghtyr echey ayns etlagh liauyr derrey ny 1930yn. Vunnee eh yn colught Luftschiffbau Zeppelin.

## Imraaghyn

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Lhong aer
* Zeppelin
* Cragh ''Hindenburg''
* David Schwarz (ynlaghteyr etlagh)
* Cepelinai

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* 
*  (Clagh oaie ayns Stuttgart, beashnys as jallooyn)
*
Philips

She cochorp covestit yl-ashoonagh Ollanagh eh **Koninklijke Philips N.V.** (*Philips Reeoil* dy lettyragh), ta enmyssit **Philips** dy mennick. V'eh bunnit ayns Eindhoven ayns 1891. Veih 1997, ta kione-cherroo dowanagh y cholught soit ayns Amsterdam, agh ta kione-cherroo Benelux foast soit ayns Eindhoven. Va Philips coontit mastey ny colughtyn lectraneaghys smoo 'sy dowan hannah hene, agh nish t'eh jeeraghey er çhaghnoaylleeaght y claynt lurg ren eh tilgey e rheynnyn elley.

Va'n colught bunnit ayns 1891 liorish Gerard Philips as e ayr Frederik. She bolganyn sollysh va'n chied troar oc. Jiu, ta mysh 80,000 ayns 100 çheeraghyn faillt ec y cholught. Hooar y colught e enmys onnoroil reeoil (''Koninklijke'') ayns 1998 as cheau eh "Electronics" veih ennym y cholught ayns 2013, er-yn-oyr dy row ad aa-yeeraghey veih lectraneaghys ceaueyder dys çhaghnoaylleeaght chiarail slaynt.

Hoshee yn colught jannoo baareyderyn lectragh ayns 1939 fo ny cowraghyn Philishave as Norelco, as lurg y chaggey lhiassee eh yn Cassead Cumir, cummey sheean-rybban, as ren eh co-lhiassaghey yn jysk cumir marish Sony, chammah as ram çhaghnoaylleeaghtyn elley.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*