open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Abbyrlhit

She corys screeuee eh **abbyrlhit**. Ta ny cowraghyn ("lettyryn") echey cowraghey myn-heean ec y toshiaght, ga dy vel myn-heeanyn ny hengey er gaghlaa rish y traa, dy mennick. Ny keayrtyn, t'ad jannoo ymmyd jeh daalettyr ny treescreeu son dy chowraghey myn-heean ennagh. Myr sampleyr, ta **çh** 'sy Ghaelg ny ghaalettyr ta cowraghey y myn-heean .  Dy mennick, ta oardagh tradishoonagh ec ny lettyryn.

Foddee oo eddyrscarrey abbyrlhittyn rere breeocklyn:
* Ta cowraghyn da breeocklyn, lane gollrish corocklyn, ec "feer" abbyrlhit (abbyrlhit Romanagh, abbyrlhit Greagagh as nyn lheid)
* Ta abugida giarrey breeocklyn as soo stiagh ad 'sy chorocklyn oc (m.s., screeu Devanagari)
* Cha nel abjad screeu breeocklyn ayns cliaghtey cadjin, ga dy vel cowraghyn ny scarreydee oc ny keayrtyn, as ad ry-akin ayns shiartase dy screeu (m.s. screeuyn crauee ny lioaryn ynsee).  Ta'n abbyrlhit Feeaneeackagh ny abjad.

## Imraaghyn
Screeu caslys

Ta **screeu caslys** çheet er ymmyd caslyssyn ayns çhaghteraght.  Ta ny caslyssyn cowraghey nhee ennagh, as t'ad jeeaghyn gollrish ny t'ad çheet er.  She sorçh dy screeu eie t'ayn.

Cha nee feer chorys screeuee t'ayn, er y fa nagh vel corys screeuee erbee ayn as eshyn jeant magh jeh caslyssyn ynrican.  Ny yei shen, va caslyssyn bun choryssyn screeuee leah, myr sampleyr, jeenysagh as jalloo-screeueyrys Egyptagh, ec y toshiaght.

Rish y traa, ta caslyssyn goll er jannoo aashagh, as foddee nagh vel ad jeeaghyn rish ny t'ad çheet er dy cruinn.  Shoh lhiasaghey aittin (A) jeh caslys chione ghow (ayns jalloo-screeueyrys Egyptagh as yn abbyrlhit Proto-Sinaitagh) dys y cummey neuloaghtagh jeianagh 'syn abbyrlhit Romanagh.

Chammah's shen, cha nod oo jannoo jeh dy chooilley red, myr sampleyr, eieyn neuloaghtagh, ny enmyn.  Myr shen, ghow ad toshiaght sheeyney magh ymmyd ny caslyssyn, myr cowraghyn sheeanagh (bentyn rish sheeanyn ny focklyn) as neuloaghtagh (bentyn rish eieyn as reddyn nagh nod oo jannoo caslys jeh).  Myr sampleyr, foddee oo jannoo ymmyd jeh caslys jeh *keyll* son dy chowraghey *keyl* myrgeddin; ny foddee oo jannoo ymmyd jeh caslys jeh *laue* son dy chowraghey *obbyr*.  Cha nee screeu caslys glen v'ayn ny lurg shen.

## Ymmyd elley
Ta ymmodee fograghyn jannoo ymmyd jeh caslyssyn son dy chur roish eie.


Coadan:Fig. 61 - Percorso riservato ai quadrupedi - 1959.svg|Ta'n fogrey shoh ny chaslys jeh cabbyl as peiagh er.
Coadan:Isbjornskilt.png|Ta'n fogrey shoh cowraghey dy vel maghouinyn ry-akin 'syn ard liorish caslys.


Agh son y chooid smoo, t'ad jannoo ymmyd jeh cowraghyn neuloaghtagh myrgeddin.

## Imraaghyn
Sorbish Eeghtyragh

Ta **Sorbish Eeghtyragh** (*dolnoserbšćina*) ny çhengey vynlagh ta loayrit 'sy Ghermaan 'syn ard shendeeagh, Lausitz Eeghtyragh. T'ee nane jeh ny çhengaghyn Slavagh as ee gollrish y Pholynnish.
Huang Xianfan

Va **Huang Xianfan** (Sheenish hradishoonagh:黄現璠; Sheenish aashit: 黄现璠; pinyin: Huáng Xiànfán; Wade-Giles: Huáng Hsiènfán; 13 Sauin 1899 - 18 Jerrey Geuree 1982) ny screeudeyr shennaghys ass Deynphobblaght y Çheen.  

## Seihll
Rug eh ayns Fusui er 13 Mee Houney, 1899. V'eh ynsit ayns King Nanning High School Guangxi (1922-1926)，Ollooscoill Chadjin Veijing(1926-1935) as Ollooscoill Impiroil Tokyo (1935-1937). V'eh ny leaghteyr ayns Guangxi veih'n vlein 1938 derrey 1940. V'eh ny olloo lesh shennaghys ayns Ollooscoill Guangxi veih 1943 derrey 1953.

## Obbyr
* Nong Cius Gao, Nanning, 1983.

## Noteyn

## Kianglaghyn mooie

*  Yn Olloo Huang Xianfan - www.china.com.cn (Sheenish)
*  Huang Xianfan-z.cctv.com (Sheenish)
Boggaghys

She ceaghley corockle eh **boggaghys**.  Foddee eh çheet er possan beg dy obbraghyn as caslyssyn eddyr oc:
* obbyr grammeydagh ayns shiartanse dy hengaghyn, ny çhengaghyn Celtiagh erskyn ooilley.
* caghlaaghyn shennaghyssagh ayns sheeanchoryssaghys çhengey ennagh

T'eh shassoo noi creoiaghey.

## Boggaghys grammeydagh
### Boggaghys ayns çhengaghyn Celtiagh

Ta'n taabyl shoh soilshaghey magh obbyr voggaghys ayns ny çhengaghyn Celtiagh.  Er y fa dy vel cairscreeuyn er lheh ec dagh fer jeu, ta enmyn cadjin currit oc son oardraghey.  Ta shen jannoo ny s'assey eh ny çhengaghyn y chosoylaghey.  Myr sampleyr, ta **çh** 'sy Ghaelg casley rish **t keyl** ayns ny çhengaghyn Gaelgagh elley.

Ta kerroo lheeah cowraghey nagh vel boggaghys ec y lettyr shoh 'sy çhengey shoh.

:
Ennalaghey

Ta ymmodee keeallyn ec **ennalaghey**.  Foddee eh çheet er:

* Ennalaghey grammeydagh, obbyr ceaghley corockle
* Ennalaghey sheeanagh, tro sheeanyn ayns çhengey ennagh, bentyn rish skeaylley bleayst dy aer ny lurg shiartanse dy chorocklyn.
* Tayrn ennal, obbyr bea-oaylleeagh vioagyn.
* Cullee ennal, jeshaght ny saase ta cooney tayrn ennal ayns buill nagh vel aer mie ayndaue.
Ennalaghey (grammeydys)

She ceaghley corockle ayns ny çhengaghyn Celtiagh eh **ennalaghey**.  Mastey ny çhengaghyn jeianagh, ta'n obbyr shoh ec Bretnish, Cornish as Britaanish.

### Ennalaghey ayns çhengaghyn Celtiagh

Ta'n taabyl shoh soilshaghey magh obbyr ennalaghey ayns ny çhengaghyn Celtiagh.  

Ta kerroo lheeah cowraghey nagh vel ennalaghey ec y lettyr shoh 'sy çhengey shoh.

:
Ceaghley mestit

She ceaghley corockle ayns ny çhengaghyn Celtiagh eh **ceaghley mestit**.  Ny h-eiyrtyssyn echey, t'ad cochiangley boggaghys as ennalaghey, as myr shen t'ad cur *mestit* er.

### Creaghley mestit ayns çhengaghyn Celtiagh

Ta'n taabyl shoh soilshaghey magh obbyr ceaghley mestit ayns ny çhengaghyn Celtiagh.  

Ta kerroo lheeah cowraghey nagh vel ceaghley mestit ec y lettyr shoh 'sy çhengey shoh.

:
Daunse

She ceau traa, ellyn, as (ny keayrtyn) spoyrt eh **daunse** (ass  y Rangish) ny **rinkey** (ass  y Yernish).  T'eh çheet er gleashaght ryddimagh lesh kiaull.  

Ta meenaghey "daunse" croghey er cooishyn sheshoil, ellynagh, as cultooragh.  T'eh goaill stiagh obbraghyn veih daunse shilley myr ballay, daunse linnagh as daunse Injinagh classicagh, dys obbraghyn commee myr daunse brishey, daunse shamyragh as nyn lheid.  Ta rheam mooar echey, eddyr daunse dty lomarcan ny ayns possan, eddyr obbraghey ellynagh as ceau traa y heay, eddyr daunse formoil oardit as daunse neuformoil mastey caarjyn.  Ta sleih daunsey son lheiltys, skeealaght, spoyrt, myr obbyr crauee ny kellooragh.
Yn Broogh Heear

She çheer hallooinit 'syn Aishey Heear eh **yn Broogh Heear** (, , *HaGadah HaMa'aravit* ny , *Yehuda ve-Shomron* Judea as y Tamaar). Ta'n ard çhemmit rish Israel 'sy twoaie, 'sy neear as 'sy jiass, as rish y Jordaan, harrish Awin y Jordaan, 'sy niar. Ta slyst vooar ec y thalloo er y Vooir Varroo.

Ta'n Broogh Heear, goaill stiagh Jerusalem Hiar, 5,640 km2 er eaghtyr thallooin as 220 km2 er eaghtyr ushtey. 'Sy vlein 2012 va 2,622,544 deiney cummal ayn. She Arabee Phalasteenagh 80% jeh'n phobble as she Ewnyn 500,000 jeh'n phobble.
Komish

She macro-hengey ny Roosh ee **Komish** (Komish: коми кыв, ), as ish ry-chlashtyn 'sy Slyst Heyr Komi 'syn Roosh hiar-hwoaie.  T'ee ayns y fo-vanglane Permagh, myrane lesh Udmurtish as Komish Phermagh.
Rere earro yn phobble ny bleeaney 2002 va 217,316 loayredeyryn 'sy Roosh.

## Imraaghyn
Yn Tomaalee

She ard seyr ayns Cayrn yn Affrick ee **yn Tomaalee** ny **yn Çheer Homaalagh** (Somaalish: , Arabish:  *Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl*).
Lane troar sthie

She towse obbyr tarmaynagh heeraghyn eh **lane troar sthie** ny **LTS**. T'eh çheet er feeu margee ooilley troar as shirveishyn t'er nyn nyannoo sthie y çheer ayns blein.
Penshyn

She reaghys argidoil eh **penshyn**, **argid-pohlldal**, **argid bea** ny **toyrtys vleeaney**.  Rere'n reaghys shoh, ta argid çheet da'n penshyneyr dy kinjagh.  Ta bun y reaghys cur argid da sleih nagh noddagh obbraghey arragh, ga dy vel kuse dy phenshyneyryn gobbraghey foast.  Ny keayrtyn, ta penshyn ry-gheddyn ec sleih as anheiltys ny drogh-laynt oc nagh vel lhiggey daue obbraghey.

Foddee penshyn çheet jeh'n reiltys, jeh'n cholught va'n peiagh gobbraghey ayn, ny jeh penshyn persoonagh liorish argid-tashtee ny urryssaght.
Gaeltaght ny h-Albey

Ta **Gaeltaght ny h-Albey** (Gaelg Albinagh: *A' Ghàidhealtachd*, Baarle: *Highlands*, Baarle Albinagh: *Hielans*) goaill stiagh ardjyn garroo as sleitoil ny h-Albey çheu hwoaie as heear jeh Scoltey Joarree Ghaeltaght ny h-Albey, agh cha nel baght glen echey, 'sy niar er lheh. Ta'n Gleann Mòr rheynn Am Monadh da'n shiar yiass veih Gaeltaght Heear Hwoaie ny h-Albey.

## Kianglaghyn magh
* Am Baile&nbsp;– Shennaghys as cultoor y Ghaeltaght ayns Baarle as Gaelg ny h-Albey
Eddyr-voggyl

She corys dowanagh eh **yn Eddyr-voggyl** ta jeant magh jeh moggylyn co-earrooder kianglt rish y cheilley, as ad jannoo ymmyd jeh'n Chynney Reillyn Eddyr-voggyl (TCP/IP) son eddyr-obbraghey. She "moggyl jeh moggylyn" eh, as millioonyn dy voggylyn ayndaue, goaill stiagh moggylyn persoonagh, theayagh, dellal, ard-scoillaragh as reiltysagh, as adsyn co-chianglt liorish strengyn cobbyr, frauaig hilleydagh, kianglaghyn gyn streng as nyn lheid.
Broioù al Liger

She ard Frangagh ee **Broioù al Liger** ().  T'ee soit ayns sheear hwoaie yn Rank, rish yn Vritaan 'sy twoaie as Baie ny Biscaayn 'sy neear. She Naoned (Nauntt, Nantes) y preeu-valley. V'eh crooit anmagh 'sy 20oo eash, myr cryss cummaght da Naoned; she "ard cormaghey valley meanagh" t'ayn  () son dy chormal pooar Phaarys.

Haink rish Pays de la Loire liorish rheynn yn ard hendeeagh, y Vritaan, ayns daa ** - *[[yn Vritaan (ard)|Bretagne]]* (ard reiragh jeianagh, mysh 80% jeh'n shenn-ard) as Pays de la Loire.
Sápmi

She yn ennym ta currit er ard cultooragh ny Saamee eh **Sápmi**. T'eh ny hoie 'syn Oarpey my hwoaie as t'eh goaill stiagh ardjyn ayns Norlynn, 'sy Toolynn, ayns Finnlynn as 'sy Roosh. She *Sápmi* yn ennym smoo cadjin er yn ard, agh ta ny Saamee Julev cur *Sábme* er, as ta ny Saamee Yiassagh cur *Saemie* er. Ta'n ennym Norlynnish as Soolynnish *Sameland* currit er keayrtyn.

## Bun-ocklaght yn 'ockle ''Sápmi''
Ta'n fockle Sápmi (as ny focklyn co-reggyrtagh ayns ny çhengaghyn Sámi elley) çheet er çheer ny Saamee as er ny Saamee hene. Dy jarroo, cha nel 'syn 'ockle "Sámi" (ny Saamee) agh cummey cassidagh-gienneydagh yn 'ockle "Sápmi". Rere shen, ta ennym yn ashoon (*Sámi olbmot*) keeallaghey "sleih Sápmi". T'eh raait dy daink yn fockle shen ass yn 'ockle Baltagh **žēmē* ta keealaghey "çheer" ny "thalloo" (c.f. *žemė* ny Litaanish, as *zeme* ny Latgalish as ny Latvish ta keeallaghey "thalloo", "çheer", "dowan", "cruinney")
A' Ghàidhealtachd

Ta **Gàidhealtachd** ny **A' Ghàidhealtachd** (fockley magh Ghaelg ny h-Albey: [kɛːəɫtaxk]) çheet dy cadjin er ardjyn Gaeltaght as ellanyn ny h-Albey, as er cultoor Gaelgagh Albinagh er lheh jeh ny h-ardjyn shen. Ta'n fockle co-reggyrtagh Yernagh - *[[Gaeltacht]]* - çheet dy cruinn er ardjyn raad ta'n Yernish goll er loayrt ayndaue. Ta'n fockle currit er ardjyn Gaelgagh ny h-Albey Noa 'sy Chanadey myrgeddin.

## A' Ghàidhealtachd Chanadagh

Ta Gaelg ny h-Albey foast ry-chlashtyn mastey co-phobbylyn ayns buill ennagh ayns Nalbin Noa (Ellan Cheap Bhreatainn er lheh), Ellan y Phrinse Edard as Thalloo yn Eeast 'sy Chanadey hiar as foddee yn ennym Gàidhealtachd y chur er ny h-ardjyn shen.

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Gaeltacht
* Y Fro Gymraeg
Saamish Yiass

She çhengey Ooralagh ee **Saamish Yiass** (Saamish Yiass: *åarjelsaemien gïele*).  T'ee fo gaue mooar; cha nel agh mysh 500 loayreyderyn er mayrn, jeh pobblaght dy 2000 sleih Sami Jiass ayns Norlynn as y Toolynn.
Ceaghley corockle

She obbyr çhengoaylleeaght eh **ceaghley corockle**, as corockle ennagh ayns fockle ennagh caghlaa rere'n çhymbylaght jalloo-oaylleeagh as/ny co-ordrailagh.  She obbyr scanshoil eh ayns ny çhengaghyn Celtiagh, agh ta lheid yn obbyr ry-akin ayns çhengaghyn er feie ny cruinney.

Y sampleyr share er enney, shen **ceaghlaghyn corockle toshee** ny çhengaghyn Celtiagh.  Ta ceaghlaghyn corockle toshee ec çhengaghyn elley, goaill stiagh Fula, Malayish, Indoneesish as Paiutish Yiass.  

Ta **ceaghlaghyn jerrey y fraue** ec Dholuoish.

Ayns Ewnish jeianagh, ta ceaghlaghyn bentyn rish corocklyn raad erbee 'syn 'ockle.

Ayns Shapaanish, ta ceaghlaghyn bentyn rish corockle toshee ayns rheynn jeh fockle nagh vel y chied rheynn.  Myr sampleyr, t'eh bentyn rish meeryn yerree, as y nah 'ockle ayns co-ocklyn.  T'ad cur rendaku er yn obbyr shoh.
Saamish Lule

She çhengey Ooralagh ee **Saamish Lule** (Saamish Lule: *julevsámegiella*).  Cha nel agh mysh 2000 loayreyderyn er mayrn, agh vun-towshanee ad y çhengey ayns 1983.
Yn Greinneyder

She oik Undinys Eiraght Vannin eh **Yn Greinneyder**.  Ta'n Greinneyder greinnaghey ymmyd ny Gaelgey, soilshaghey magh cooishyn Gaelgagh as skeayll fys urree.  T'eh cur cooney da sheshaghtyn by vie lhieu ymmyd jeh Gaelg y yannoo, ny Gaelg y chooney.  T'eh co-obbraghey lesh Mooinjer Veggey as y Vunscoill Ghaelgagh.  She Adrian Cain y Greinneyder t'ayn.
Yn Oaseir Gailckagh

She oik Rheynn Ynsee Vannin eh **yn Oaseir Gailckagh** (), currit er bun ayns 1991. She Rosemary Derbyshire yn Oaseir roie.

## Shennaghys
Oikee:
* 1991 - 1995: Brian Stowell
* 1996 - 2004: Phil Kelly
* 2004 - jiu: Rosemary Derbyshire

## Imraagyhn
Y Fro Gymraeg

Ta **** (*Yn Ard Bretnish*) çheet er ardjyn Vretin as ram Bretneyryn ayndaue, 50% er y chooid sloo rere'n eie cadjin.  Shoh doon Bretnish jeianagh.  Ga dy vel ymmodee sleih jannoo ymmyd jeh'n ennym, cha nel meenaghey cadjin ec creeaghyn Y Fro Gymraeg.  Cha nel Y Fro Gymraeg goit rish dy oikoil myr thalloo çhengagh as cultooragh, anchasley rish Gaeltaghtyn oikoil Nerin as Nalbin.
Croghaneyn-crooin y Reeriaght Unnaneysit

She thallooyn ad **Croghaneyn-crooin y Reeriaght Unnaneysit**, as ad lesh y Chrooin hene. Myr shen, t'ad anchasley rish Thallooyn harrish Mooar as coloinyn. Ny croghaneyn-crooin hene, t'adsyn Guernsey, Jersee as Mannin.

Ad ad nyn dallooyn reiltys neuchroghedagh, cha nel ad goaill ayrn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny'n Unnaneys Oarpagh. T'ad nyn olteyryn jeh'n Coonceil Goaldagh-Yernagh. Neayr's 2005, ta Ard-Shirveishagh ec dagh fer jeu, as eh kione y reiltys. Ny yei shen, as ad lesh y Chrooin Goaldagh, cha nee ashoonyn seyr t'ayn; ta pooar slattyssagh ec ny Coonceilyn Slattyssagh oc, as fo kied ny Crooin (liorish y Choonseil Reiltagh jiu).

T'ad goit rish myr rheynn jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit son leigh ashoonaght Goaldagh.  Ny yei shen, ta reillyn ardjynagh oc bentyn rish cummal as gurneil-faillee, as ad bentyn rish Goaldee elley gyn kianglaghyn da'n voayl, chammah's neu-Ghoaldee.

## Imraaaghyn
Crackan-oaylleeaght

She banglane lheeys ee **crackan-oaylleeaght**, bentyn rish crackan as gorley crackanagh. T'eh goaill stiagh lheeys as laue-lheeys.  Ta crackan-oayllee gobbraghey er gorlaghyn as çhingyssyn crackanagh, as ny keayrtyn, gorlaghyn yn 'olt as ynginyn.

## Shennaghys 'syn Europey

Ta sleih rieau er chur geill da caghlaaghyn er eaghtyr y chrackan (myr sampleyr, ta coyrle er gorley crackanagh ayns Leviticus 'sy Vible).  Ayns 1801 hug ad er bun y chied scoill crackan-oaylleeagh, ec y thie-lheeys *Hôpital Saint-Louis* ayns Paarys.  Haink rish ny kied lioaryn crackan-oaylleeagh ec y traa cheddin: Willan (1798-1808) as Alibert (1806-1814).

## Imraaghyn
Keeill (hradishoonagh)

She sorçh dy chabbal hradishoonagh Vanninagh ee **keeill** (yl-rey **kialteenyn**).  

## Shennaghys
Ayns shenndaaleeaght, ta *keeill* çheet er sorçh dy chabbal veg ayns Mannin hie er troggal ayns ny Mean Eashyn.  Ta laaree elley ry-akin ayns Ìle.

T'ad credjal nagh vel lorg erbee jeh ny kialteenyn s'leaie ayn foast.  Ny t'ayn jiu, v'ad currit ayns ynnyd ny shenn cheeillyn, as va ymmyd jeant jeu 'sy 8oo eash as y 12oo eash.  T'ad goaill stiagh troggalyn ass claghyn anghiarit, scraa as boallaghyn cloaie coonee echey, ny rubbyl as fuygh ayn.  Hooar ad lorg daah cray as plaastyr boalley fo kuse jeu .  Foddee dy daag sleih ymmyd jeh y yannoo tra haink ny Loghlynee dys Mannin, agh dy aahrog ad ad erreish daue jannoo Creestee jeh ny Loghlynee, ayns ny laaree cheddin ny keayrtyn.

Va kuse dy cheeillyn soit er carnaneyn, as adsyn laaree oayeyn as claghyn-cooinaghtyn s'leaie dy mennick, myr sampleyr, carnaneyn oanluckee yn Eash Ooha (Lowe and Reilly 1988).  Ny keayrtyn elley, v'ad soit faggys da çhibbraghyn nooey.  Ta ruillick ec ymmodee jeu, as bun paganagh ocsyn, foddee.  Ta boalley scaa mygeayrt kuse dy cheeillyn, as ta'n eaghtyr çheusthie ny boallaghyn feer cheaghlagh.

## Earroo
Ta 174 kialteenyn 'syn Ellan ec y chooid sloo, ga nagh vel agh 35 yn-enneydagh dy aashagh jiu.  Ta ny recortyssyn er bun laaree er mayrn, fooillee foddee ve kialteenyn, enmyn vuill as cooinaghtyn theayagh.  Ta'n chooid smoo jeh er nyn stroie liorish troggal kialteenyn s'anmey 'sy laare cheddin, ny liorish graihderyn shenn reddyn Victorianagh as Edardagh shirrey linneeaghtyn hallooin as cooid leagharagh.

## Mooadys, cummey as cosoylaghey
Ta fys ain dy row anchaslys mooar eddyr moaadys ny kialteenyn, ga dy row ny cummaghyn oc casley rish y cheilley. Ren Carl J. S. Marstrander, ny olloo Loghlynnagh, towshan smoo ny kialteenyn ayns ny 1930yn.  Rere eh:
"Ta mooadys 10 trieyn x 6 trieyn ec çheusthie Cheeill Vallachrink ayns Marooney.  Er lhimmey jeh shen foddee ad ve 23 trieyn x 13 trieyn (Keeill Vian, Lonan), eer 57 trieyn × 18 trieyn (St Patrick's Chapel, Ellan Noo Pherrick), ny 75 trieyn × 24 trieyn (St. Trinian's, Marooney).  Ta ny boallaghyn oc eddyr 2 hrie 4 oarleeyn as 4 trieyn 8 oarleeyn, as cleigh thallooin as cloaie coadey ad, 2-5 trieyn er yrjid, 4-10 trieyn er diunid... Ta cummey kiare-chuilleigagh oc, gyn rheynn erbee eddyr carrick as corp ny killag.  Ta'n dorrys keyl cour y chione echey, as soit 'sy ghaabyl sheear son y chooid smoo.  Cha nel agh un uinnag dy cadjin, as eshyn mysh 2-3 trieyn harrish y laare.  Ta'n altar rish y voalley shiar, as cha nel eh agh 2 hrie er yrkid."

Ta Lower (1987) er gosoylaghey ny kialteenyn lesh laaree ayns ny h-Ellanyn Twoaie, as Swift lesh fir Islay (1987).

## Time Team
Ren *[[Time Team]]* toaghailtey keeill ec Speke Keeill ayns 2007.  V'eh rere'n chlowan hug roish Marstrander.

## Kianglaghyn mooie
*www.isleofman.com - Fys er kialteenyn Vannin (Baarle)
*Obbyr "Time Team" er keeill (Baarle)

## Lioaryn
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Imraaghyn
Keeill

She thie ny strughtoor ee **keeill** (yl-rey: **kialteenyn**) as ee currit da çhaglym agglish ennagh.  Ec y toshiaght, va Creestee çhaglym ayns synagogueyn as ny thieyn oc.  Lesh aase Chreestiaght, as reiltyssyn goaill ree, dreill ad shamyryn as thieyn son ooashley Creestiagh.

Ta kialteenyn tradishoonagh ayns cummey chrosh dy mennick, as tooragh ny cruinnaghan oc.  Ta ymmodee cummaghyn ec kialteenyn ny smoo jeianagh.

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Keeill (reddaghey)

Ta daa horçh dy **cheeill** ayn:
* keeill hradishoonagh, ny cappal veg Vannin vean-eashagh.
* keeill, troggalyn Creestee elley, ayns Mannin as çheeraghyn elley, as ymmyd jeant jeh ymmodee jeu jiu.
Nicolas Appert

Va **Nicolas Appert** (17 Sauin 1749 &ndash; 1 Mean Souree 1841) ny ynlaghteyr Frangagh ass Châlons-en-Champagne. Ta enney er er son ynlaghey freayltys jeen noi aer bee. Va'n ennym "ayr stainnaghey" currit er.

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Bee
* Stainnaghey

## Kianglaghyn magh

*Ayr y Stainnaghey
*Appert-aina.com
*Sheshaght Studeyrys Nicolas Appert
Cussel an Tavas Kernuak

Ta **Cussel an Tavas Kernuack** (*Coonseil ny Cornish*) ny reagheydys ta cur aavioghey ny Cornish er oaie, as ta ynnyd eck er Keskowethyans an Taves Kernewek (*Paarteeas ny Cornish*). Ta'n CTK cur creeaght er ronsaghey ayns Cornish jeh dagh eash, agh t'ee pohlldey ynsagh as cuirr ny Cornish noa-emshyragh (ny Jeianagh) ny smoo na ny Cornish mean-eashagh. Ta'n CTK fakin er e hene myr freilleyder obbyr ny h-aaviogheyderyn ayns ny laaghyn jerrinagh jeh ny 1700yn.

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Cornish

## Kianglaghyn mooie
*An Buro - Ynnyd-eggey Naight ayns Cornish
Keskowethyans an Taves Kernewek

Ta **Keskowethyans an Taves Kernewek** ("Paarteeas y Chornish") ny cholught reihdagh va currit er bun 'sy Chorn, y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, ayns 2005 son cur er oaie as lhiasaghey ny Cornish 'sy Chorn.

T'eh ny phaarteeas jeh'n rheynnag theayagh as arryltagh as t'eh jeant seose jeh reihdee ass sheshaghtyn Cornish ennagh, reagheydyssyn cultooragh as tarmaynagh Cornagh, as coonseilyn slystagh Cornagh. Ta'n çheshaght feddyn cooid argid veih'n Unnaneys Oarpagh fo'n chlaare Objective One, veih Rheynn Voodeeyssyn as Ghurneilys Ynnydagh jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit as veih Coonseil ny Corn.

Ta'n Paarteeas ny ard-stiureyder jeh Cummey Screeuit Bun-towshanagh ny Cornish, cair-screeu va skeaylt magh ayns 2008 as y chiarail echey dys ny cair-screeuyn elley y chur ry-cheilley, as er son ymmyd ny Cornish er cowraghyn raaidey, ayns docamadyn oikoil, as ayns scrutaghtyn scoill.

## Reagheydyssyn as çhaghteryn oc ayn
* Agan Tavas
* Cussel an Tavas Kernuak
* Kesva an Taves Kernewek
* Kowethas an Yeth Kernewek

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Bòrd na Gàidhlig
* Coonseil ny Gaelgey
* Foras na Gaeilge
* Aavioghey çhengey
* Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit
* Rolley stiureyderyn çhengey
* Ofis ar Brezhoneg
* Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
*Paarteeas y Chornish - ynnyd-eggey oikoil
A (reddaghey)

Ta ymmodee keealyn ec **A**.  Foddee eh çheet er:

## Lettyryn
* **[[A]]**, y chied lettyr jeh'n abbyrlhit Romanagh ta goll er enney myr **aittyn** 'sy lhieggan Gaelgagh
* **[[Alpha]]**, y chied lettyr jeh'n abbyrlhit Greagagh.

## Cowraghyn elley
* **A**, Cowrey oaylleeagh son eaghtyr.
* **a**, Cowrey oaylleeagh son eaghtyr er lheh.
* **a**, Cowrey oaylleeagh son bioyrid kemmigagh.
* **a**, Cowrey oaylleeagh son co-effaght maanalys.
* **A**, Cowrey oaylleeagh son bree seyr Helmholtz.
* **A**, Cowrey oaylleeagh son earroo corpys.
* **A**, y chied notey ayns kiaull.

## Cummaghyn A elley
* **∀**, y mooadeyr cadjin ayns resoonaght.
Abbyrlhit ny Gaelgey

Ta **abbyrlhit ny Gaelgey** çheet er cummey jeh'n Abbyrlhit Romanagh as ymmyd jeant jeh son dy screeu Gaelg Vanninagh.

:
A

She **A**, ny **a**, yn chied lettyr as y chied vreeockle 'syn abbyrlhit Ladjynagh, ta ymmydit ayns abbyrlhit ny Gaelgey noa-emshiragh as ayns abbyrlhittyn elley er feie ny cruinney. She **aittyn** yn ennym va currit er 'sy Ghaelg ayns ny laaghyn t'er ny gholl shaghey.

## Shennaghys

T'ad gra dy daink y lettyr A jeh screeu caslys jeh kione ghow ayns Jalloo-ocklyn Egyptagh ny yn abbyrlhit Proto-Sinaitagh.  Haink y cowrey shoh trooid coryssyn screeuee Feaneeckagh, Greagagh, Etruscagh as Romanagh dys y chummey t'ayn nish.

'Sy Ghaelg hene, ta'n lettyr çheet magh ass yn abbyrlhit Baarleagh liorish obbyr John Phillips, Aspick Sodor as Vannin, as e lheid cairscreeu y yannoo son y Ghaelg ayns ny 1700yn.

Mysh 1600 RC, va cummey linneydagh ec lettyr yn Abbyrlhit Feaneeckagh, as shen bun chummaghyn shinney. S'cosoylagh dy row yn ennym echey faggys da aleph yn abbyrlhit Ewnagh.

Tra ghlack ny Shenn Ghreagee yn abbyrlhit jeu, cha row feme oc er y stad sluggidagh va'n lettyr çheet er ayns ny çhengaghyn Semittagh. Myr shen, ren ad ymmyd jeh son y vreeockle , as dreill ad yn ennym echey lesh caghlaa beg (alpha).  Ayns ny screeuyn grainnit shinney, mysh y 8oo eash RC, va'n lettyr soit er e heu, agh haink eh dy yeeaghyn gollrish y fer jeianagh.

Hug lhieu ny Etruscanee yn abbyrlhit Greagagh dys kione-çheerey yn Iddaal. Ny shinney, ghlack ny Rauee yn abbyrlhit shoh son dy screeu Ladjyn, as ta'n lettyr shoh er mayrn ayns yn abbyrlhit Romanagh jeianagh ta ymmodee çhengaghyn screeut ayn (lesh caghlaaghyn beg), goaill stiagh Gaelg.

## Coadyn co-earrooder
Ayns Unicode, ta A mooar ec U+0041 as a beg ec U+0061.

Ayns ASCII, ta A mooar ec 65 as a beg ec 97.  Ayns earrooyn jeesoil, shen 01000001 as 01100001.

Ayns EBCDIC, ta  A mooar ec 193 as a beg ec 129.  

Ayns HTML as XML, ta  A mooar ec "&amp;#65;" as a beg ec "&amp;#97;".  

## Imraaghyn
Baile Easa Dara

Ta **Baile Easa Dara** (Yernish son "Balley Eas Darrey" ny "Balley Eas Darree", Baarle: *Ballysadare* ny *Ballisodare*) ny valley beg ayns Coontae Shliggee, Nerin mygeayrt 7 kilometeryn çheu yiass veih balley Shliggee.

## Imraaghyn
Yn Cohaglym Celtiagh

:*Ny jean jarrood eddyr y reagheydys shoh as [[Yn Commeeys Celtiagh|y Chommeeys Celtiagh]]*.

Ta'n **Cohaglym Celtiagh** ny **y Cohaglym Celtiagh Eddyr-ashoonagh** ny reagheydys cultooragh ta shirrey ny çhengaghyn Celtiagh dy chur er oiae, as ny çhengaghyn shen goaill stiagh Gaelg, Gaelg Albinagh, Yernish, Bretnish, Cornish as Britaanish. V'eh currit er bun lurg çheet ry-cheilley jeh ny reagheydyssyn lheid as y *Çheshaght Cheltiagh* as y *Cohaglym Ooilley-Cheltiagh*. Hie daa chruinnaght jeh *Cohaglym Eddyr-Cheltiagh* ry cheilley ayns 1838 as 1867.

Haghyr y chied chruinnaght ec Eisteddfod Chione Beih 'sy vlein 1917, as t'eh er çheet ry-cheilley son cruinnaghtyn begnagh dagh vlein neayr's shen. Ta crouw er lheh ayns dagh fer jeh ny çheeraghyn Celtiagh, agh cha row crouw ec y Chorn derrey ny 1920yn, ga dy row paart eck 'sy *Çheshaght Cheltiagh* veih'n vlein 1904. Ta dagh crouw lhiantyn rish deanyn y Chohaglym 'sy çheer hene oc.

Cha nel y çheshaght ny sheshaght pholitickagh, faagail magh dy ren Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey (roie-haghter y Phartee Ashoonagh Albinagh) eiyrtys paart dy ghoaill 'sy Chohaglym, as dy ren Taoiseach Nerin ec y traa shen, Éamon de Valera, coardail rish dy ve ny phatroon er y Chohaglym ayns ny 1930yn.

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Ashoonyn Celtiagh
* Yn Commeeys Celtiagh
* Ny Celtiee
* Ooilley-Cheltiaghys
* Çhengaghyn Celtiagh

## Kianglaghyn mooie
* Y Cohaglym Celtiagh Eddyrashoonagh - 25oo Jerrey Souree &mdash; 30oo Jerrey Souree 2011 &mdash; An Gearasdan, Nalbin
* Y Cohaglym Celtiagh Eddyrashoonagh - 5oo Averil &mdash; 10oo Averil 2010 &mdash; Doolish, Mannin
* Lhieggan Gaelgagh jeh'n Chohaglym Celtiagh
Yn Tashtey

Ta'n **Tashtey** aarlaghey yn bushaid bleinoil da Reiltys Ellan Vannin, as t'eh stiurey keeshyn, y cheesh-varrey as y cheesh-sthie, cooishyn tarmaynagh, coryssyn fysseree, scrutaght sthie, as yn argid cadjin myrgeddin. Ta Rheynnag Chooishyn Tarmaynagh jeh'n Tashtey stiurey coontaghyn pobble ayns Mannin.

She Allan Bell OKF Shirveishagh Tashtee roie.

## Shennaghys
Va'n Boayrd Argidys currit er bun ayns 1962, agh va'n Lhiass-Chiannoort gobbraghey myr Shansyleyr jeh'n Steat-Chishtey as v'eh cur yn oraid bushaidagh da'n Tinvaal derrey ny 1970yn.

Ayns 1986 va'n boayrd aa-enmyssit myr y Tashtey lurg yn aareaghey Reiltys.

## Shirveishee Hashtee
*Alfred Cannan OKF, 2016-jiu
*Eddie Teare OKF, 2011-2016
*Anne Craine OKF, 2010–2011
*Allan Bell OKF, 2001-2010
*Richard Corkill OKF, 1996-2001
*Donald Gelling OCS, 1989-1996
*David Cannan OKF, 1986-1 OCS,1989

### Caairliee y Voayrd Argidys
*David Moore OKF, 1985-1986
*Edgar Mann OCS, 1981-1985
*Percy Radcliffe OCS 1977-1981
*John Bolton OCS, 1967-1977
*Norman Crowe, 1964-1967
*Bert Stephen OKF, 1962-1964

## Kianglaghyn mooie
* Ynnyd-eggey oikoil y Tashtee
C

She **C**, ny **c**, yn trass lettyr 'syn abbyrlhit Ladjynagh, ta ymmydit ayns abbyrlhit ny Gaelgey noa-emshiragh as ayns abbyrlhittyn elley er feie ny cruinney. She **couyll** yn ennym va currit er 'sy Ghaelg ayns ny laaghyn t'er ny gholl shaghey.

## Shennaghys

T'ad gra dy daink C jeh screeu caslys jeh cass ghow 'syn abbyrlhit Proto-Sinaitagh.  Haink y cowrey shoh trooid coryssyn screeu Feaneeckagh, Greagagh, Etruscagh as Rauegh dys y chummey t'ayn nish.  Ec Etruscish, cha row /g/ erbee, agh va tree cummaghyn /k/ eck.  Ayns Ladjyn, ren ny Rauee ymmyd jeh tree lettyryn: Q, K as C hene, son dy chowraghey /k/ as /g/ (nagh jagh er eddyrscarrey ayns screeuyn), bentyn rish çhymbyllaght y heean.  Dy ghra myr shen, v'ad screeu Q roish breeocklyn runtit, K roish /a/, as C ayns buill elley.  'sy 3oo eash RJC, haink stiagh cummey jeh G son , as dreill ad C son .  Haink C (as G) ayns ynnyd jeh K as Q, son y chooid smoo.  Myr shen, 'syn eash chlassicagh as erash, va G cosoylagh rish gamma as C cosoylagh rish kappa ayns aascreeu screeu Greagagh dys screeu Raueagh.  Myr sampleyr, "*KA∆MOΣ, KYPOΣ, ΦΩKIΣ,*" Greagagh, "CADMVS, CYRVS, PHOCIS" Raueagh.  

'sy Ghaelg hene, ta'n lettyr çheet jeh'n abbyrlhit Baarleagh liorish obbyr John Phillips, Aspick Sodor as Mannin, as e lheid cairscreeu y yannoo son y Ghaelg ayns ny 1700yn.

## Cosoylaghey

Ta **C** ry-akin son y çheean /k/ (corockle bleaystagh coghooysagh 'syn ASE) ayns ymmodee abbyrlhittyn haink ass yn abbyrlhit Romanagh, myr sampleyr, Bretnish.  Ayns kuse jeu, ta feeuyn elley echey, goaill stiagh /c/ (corockle bleaystagh cleaoil) as /s/ (corockle screebagh cooyl-eeacklagh).  T'eh ry-akin myrane lesh *h* myrgeddin, son /t͡ʃ/ dy mennick, as shen **çh** 'sy Ghaelg.  Ga dy vel lettyr casley rish ry-akin ayns abbyrlhittyn elley, cha nel y feeu cheddin echey.  Ayns ny h-abbyrlhittyn Kyrillagh as Coptagh, ta lettyr casley rish **C** çheet er /s/ (**S** 'sy Ghaelg).

## Coadyn co-earrooder
Ayns Unicode, ta C mooar ec U+0043 as c beg ec U+0063.

Ayns ASCII, ta C mooar ec 67 as c beg ec 99.  Ayns earrooyn jeesoil, shen 01000011 as 01100011.

Ayns EBCDIC, ta  C mooar ec 195 as c beg ec 131.  

Ayns HTML as XML, ta  C mooar ec "&amp;#67;" as a beg ec "&amp;#99;".  

## Imraaghyn
B (reddaghey)

Ta ymmodee keealyn ec **B**. Foddee eh çheet er:

## Lettyryn
* **[[B]]**, y nah lettyr jeh'n abbyrlhit Romanagh ta goll er enney myr **beih** 'sy lhieggan Gaelgagh.
* **[[Beta]]**, y nah lettyr 'syn abbyrlhit Greagagh.
* **[[Ve]]**, y treeoo lettyr 'syn abbyrlhit Kyrillagh.

## Cowraghyn elley
* **b**, Cowrey oaylleeagh son lheead.
* **b**, Cowrey oaylleeagh son parameter builley.
* **b**, Cowrey oaylleeagh son barn, ny howse eaghtyr.
* **b**, Cowrey oaylleeagh son bit.
* **B**, Cowrey oaylleeagh son ream magnaidagh.
* **B**, Cowrey oaylleeagh son bel, ny howse bree (myr decibel).
* **B**, Cowrey oaylleeagh son byte.
* **B**, y nah notey ayns kiaull.
* **b** (**[b]** ny **/b/**), corockle bleaystagh daa-veillagh ayns çhengoaylleeaght.
Rheynn Cooishyn Sthie (Mannin)

Ta'n **Rheynn Cooishyn Sthie** shickyraghey sauçhys, coadey as shickyrys jeh Ellan Vannin. Ta'n Rheynn freggyrtagh er son ny poleenyn, y Çhirveish Vooghey as Hauail, y Çhirveish Phryssoon as Pryssoon Ellan Vannin, y Çhirveish Phrowal, plannal gear-ghaue as y Coadey Theayagh.

Myrane lesh shen, ta'n Rheynn cur kiedoonys da taishbynyssyn çhentagyn, freayll recortys jeh skimmee sauçhys as kied currit daue dys gobbraghey ayns thieyn oast, as t'ee kiarail pohlldey as cooid da Barrantee Oaseirys Kiarrooghys Ellan Vannin.

She Shirveishagh Cooishyn Sthie roie Bill Malarkey OKF.

T'ad olteynyn politickagh jeh'n rheynn na:
* Tim Crookall OKF
* George Waft OCS

## Shirveishee Chooishyn Sthie
*Bill Malarkey OKF, 2016-jiu
*Juan Watterson OKF, 2011-2016
*Adrian Earnshaw OKF, 2008-2011
*Martyn Quayle OKF, 2006-2008
*John Shimmin OKF, 2005-2006
*Phil Braidwood OKF, 2001-2005
*Allan Bell OKF, 1996-2001
*Richard Corkill OKF, 1995-1996
*Arnold Callin OCS, 1991-1995
*Edmund Lowey OCS, 1986-1991

## Kianglaghyn mooie
* Ynnyd-eggey oikoil jeh Rheynn Cooishyn Sthie
D

She **D**, ny **d**, yn kiarroo lettyr 'syn abbyrlhit Ladjynagh, ta ymmydit ayns abbyrlhit ny Gaelgey noa-emshiragh as ayns abbyrlhittyn elley er feie ny cruinney. She **darragh** yn ennym va currit er 'sy Ghaelg ayns ny laaghyn t'er ny gholl shaghey.

## Shennaghys

T'ad gra dy daink D jeh screeu caslys jeh yeeast ny dorrys ghow 'syn abbyrlhit Proto-Sinaitagh. Haink y cowrey shoh trooid coryssyn screeu Feaneeckagh, Greagagh, Etruscagh as Romanagh dys y chummey t'ayn nish.

'Sy Ghaelg hene, ta'n lettyr çheet jeh'n abbyrlhit Baarleagh liorish obbyr John Phillips, Aspick Sodor as Mannin, as e lheid cairscreeu y yannoo son y Ghaelg ayns ny 1700yn.

## Ymmyd
Ayns abbyrlhittyn rere'n abbyrlhit Romanagh, ta darragh çheet er , son y chooid smoo. Ny yei shen, ayns Vietnaamish, t'eh çheet er  'sy twoaie as  'sy jiass, as ayns Fijish, t'eh çheet er . Ta shiartase dy hengaghyn cosoylaghey bleaystee ennalit as neuennalit, as adsyn jannoo ymmyd jeh darragh myr y çheean neuennalit. T'adsyn goaill stiagh Gaelg Albinagh, Eeslynnish, Navajoish as Sheenish Mandarin screeut ayns Pinyin.
 
## Coadyn co-earrooder
Ayns Unicode, ta C mooar ec U+0044 as c beg ec U+0064.

Ayns ASCII, ta C mooar ec 68 as c beg ec 100. Ayns earrooyn jeesoil, shen 01000100 as 01100100.

Ayns EBCDIC, ta C mooar ec 196 as c beg ec 132.  

Ayns HTML as XML, ta C mooar ec "&amp;#68;" as a beg ec "&amp;#100;".  

## Jeeagh er reesht

* D (kiaull)
* Д, д - De (Kyrillagh)

## Imraaghyn
E

She **E**, ny **e**, yn queiggoo lettyr, as y nah vreeockle, 'syn abbyrlhit Ladjynagh, ta ymmydit ayns abbyrlhit ny Gaelgey noa-emshiragh as ayns abbyrlhittyn elley er feie ny cruinney. She **eboin** yn ennym va currit er 'sy Ghaelg ayns ny laaghyn t'er ny gholl shaghey.

## Shennaghys

Haink E jeh'n lettyr Greagagh epsilon. Ta lettyr casley rish ry-akin 'syn abbyrlhit Feaneeckagh, as t'ad credjal dy daink eh jeh screeuyn caslys ayns Jalloo-ocklyn Egyptagh ny'n abbyrlhit Proto-Sinaitagh. Ta'n cummey cheddin ec lettyryn yn abbyrlhit Kyrillagh as yn abbyrlhit Coptagh as y sheean cheddin oc.

'Sy Ghaelg hene, ta'n lettyr çheet jeh'n abbyrlhit Baarleagh liorish obbyr John Phillips, Aspick Sodor as Mannin, as e lheid cairscreeu y yannoo son y Ghaelg ayns ny 1700yn.

## Coadyn co-earrooder
Ayns Unicode, ta E mooar ec U+0045 as e beg ec U+0065.

Ayns ASCII, ta E mooar ec 69 as e beg ec 101.  Ayns earrooyn jeesoil, shen 01000101 as 01100101.

Ayns EBCDIC, ta E mooar ec 197 as e beg ec 133.  

Ayns HTML as XML, ta E mooar ec "&amp;#69;" as e beg ec "&amp;#101;".  

## Imraaghyn
Rheynn Slaynt as Shickyrys y Theay (Mannin)

Ta **Rheynn Slaynt as Shickyrys y Theay** ny **RSST** kiarail currym slaynt (thieyn lheihys, fir lhee, feeackleyrys, as shirveish charr-lheihys), shirveishyn y theay (slaynt aignagh, obbreeyn sheshoil, as currym da fir baghee), as shickyrys y theay (penshynyn y steat, eeck paitçhyn, eeck çhingys, as eeck jee-chosnee).

Ta'n RSST ny failleyder smoo ayns Mannin lesh ny smoo na 3,000 obbreeyn.

She Eddie Teare OKF y Shirveishagh Slaynt as Shickyrys y Theay roie .

T'ad ny h-olteynyn politickagh jeh'n rheynn na:
*Alan Crowe OCS (Slaynt)
*Bill Henderson OKF (Shickyrys y Theay)
*Bill Mallarkey OKF (Shirveishyn y Theay)

## Shennaghys
Va'n rheynn currit er bun liorish covestey y Voayrd ry hoi Shirveishyn Slaynt as y Voayrd ry hoi Shickyrys y Theay ayns 1986. Veih 2 Mean Souree 2003 she David Killip yn Ard-Oaseir Reiragh.

## Shirveishee Slaynt as Shickyrys y Theay
*Steve Rodan OKF, 2004-2006
*Clare Christian OCS, 1996-2004
*Bernie May OKF, 1991-1996
*Jim Cain OKF, 1989-1991
*Tony Brown OKF, 1986-1989

### Caairliee y Voayrd ry hoi Shirveishyn Slaynt
*Arnold Callin, 1981-1986
*Bert Creer, OKF, 1975-1981
*Cecil McFee, OKF, ?-?
*Y Reejerey Charles Kerruish LKF, 1954-?

## Kianglaghyn mooie
* http://www.gov.im/dhss/
Coonseil ny Corn

She eaghtyrys unnidagh jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit 'sy Chorn ee **Coonseil ny Corn** (Baarle: *Cornwall Council*, Cornish: *Konsel Kernow*). Ta tradishoon ec y choonseil dy ve jeant seose jeh politickeyryn neuchroghagh, as ee fo stiurey ec neuchroghee ayns ny 1970yn as ny 1980yn.
F

She **F**, ny **f**, yn sheyoo lettyr 'syn abbyrlhit Ladjynagh, ta ymmydit ayns abbyrlhit ny Gaelgey noa-emshiragh as ayns abbyrlhittyn elley er feie ny cruinney. She **faarney** yn ennym va currit er 'sy Ghaelg ayns ny laaghyn t'er ny gholl shaghey.

## Shennaghys
T'ad gra dy daink F jeh screeu caslys 'syn abbyrlhit Proto-Sinaitagh.  T'ad cur ''vâv'' er y lettyr shoh, as er lhieu dy row eh cowraghey croagane ny bad.  Haink y cowrey shoh trooid coryssyn screeu Feaneeckagh, Greagagh, Etruscagh as Romanagh dys y chummey t'ayn nish.  Ta'n bun cheddin ec Unjin, Vervine, Wooishlagh as Yiarn.

'sy Ghaelg hene, ta'n lettyr çheet jeh'n abbyrlhit Baarleagh liorish obbyr John Phillips, Aspick Sodor as Mannin, as e lheid cairscreeu y yannoo son y Ghaelg ayns ny 1700yn.

## Coadyn co-earrooder
Ayns Unicode, ta F mooar ec U+0046 as f beg ec U+0066.

Ayns ASCII, ta F mooar ec 70 as f beg ec 102.  Ayns earrooyn jeesoil, shen 01000110 as 01100110.

Ayns EBCDIC, ta  F mooar ec 198 as f beg ec 134.

Ayns HTML as XML, ta  F mooar ec "&amp;#70;" as f beg ec "&amp;#102;".  

## Imraaghyn
H

She **H**, ny **h**, yn hoghtoo lettyr 'syn abbyrlhit Ladjynagh, ta ymmydit ayns abbyrlhit ny Gaelgey noa-emshiragh as ayns abbyrlhittyn elley er feie ny cruinney. She **hibbin** yn ennym va currit er 'sy Ghaelg ayns ny laaghyn t'er ny gholl shaghey.

## Shennaghys

T'ad gra dy daink H jeh screeu caslys jeh cleigh ayns jalloo screeudeyrys Egyptagh.  Haink y cowrey shoh trooid coryssyn screeu Proto-Sinaitagh, Feaneeckagh, Greagagh, Etruscagh as Romanagh dys y chummey t'ayn nish.  

'sy Ghaelg hene, ta'n lettyr çheet jeh'n abbyrlhit Baarleagh liorish obbyr John Phillips, Aspick Sodor as Mannin, as e lheid cairscreeu y yannoo son y Ghaelg ayns ny 1700yn.

## Coadyn co-earrooder
Ayns Unicode, ta H mooar ec U+0048 as h beg ec U+0068.

Ayns ASCII, ta H mooar ec 72 as h beg ec 104.  Ayns earrooyn jeesoil, shen 01001000 as 01101000.

Ayns EBCDIC, ta  H mooar ec 200 as h beg ec 136.  

Ayns HTML as XML, ta  H mooar ec "&amp;#72;" as h beg ec "&amp;#104;".  

## Cosoylaghey

Haink ''I'' Kyrillagh reesht jeh'n lettyr Greagagh *[[eta (lettyr Greagagh)|Eta]]*, agh t'eh çheet er y vreeockle /i/.  Haink ''En'' Kyrillagh jeh'n lettyr Greagagh *[[nu (lettyr Greagagh)|Nu]]*, as t'eh çheet er y chorockle /n/.  T'eh ry-akin heose son cosoylaghey, er y fa dy vel eh gollrish hibbin.  Haink ''Eta'' Coptagh jeh eta Greagagh, agh t'eh çheet er /i/ ny /j/.  Cha nel fer erbee jeu çheet er /h/.

## Jeeagh er reesht

* H (kiaull)

## Imraaghyn
I

She **I**, ny **i**, yn nuyoo lettyr as y treeoo breeockle 'syn abbyrlhit Ladjynagh, ta ymmydit ayns abbyrlhit ny Gaelgey noa-emshiragh as ayns abbyrlhittyn elley er feie ny cruinney. She **iuar** yn ennym va currit er 'sy Ghaelg ayns ny laaghyn t'er ny gholl shaghey.

## Shennaghys
Haink I jeh'n abbyrlhit Proto-Sinaitagh.  S'cosoylagh dy row ny caslys jeh lurg as laue echey, as dy daink eh jeh jalloo-ocklyn Egyptagh.  Va'n sheean (/ʕ/) ec yn 'ockle Egyptagh, agh haink eh dy chowraghey /j/ ayns çhengaghyn Semittagh, er y fa dy row /j/ ec toshiaght ny focklyn v'oc son *lurg*.  She yodh v'ayn.

Ghow ny Greagee cummey jeh son iota 'syn abbyrlhit Greagagh, as eshyn çheet er /i/.  Ren ny Rauee ymmyd jeh'n lettyr cheddin 'syn abbyrlhit Romanagh.  Va juys (J, j) ny chummey elley jeh'n lettyr cheddin, as derrey'n 16oo eash, ren ad ymmyd jeh'n daa lettyr son y daa heean.

'Sy Ghaelg hene, ta'n lettyr çheet jeh'n abbyrlhit Baarleagh liorish obbyr John Phillips, Aspick Sodor as Mannin, as e lheid cairscreeu y yannoo son y Ghaelg ayns ny 1700yn.

S'cosoylagh dy vel yn ennym "iuar" rere enmyn biljagh 'syn abbyrlhit Ogham.  T'ad credjal dy row iodhadh Ogham çheet er yn euar, foddee.

## Coadyn co-earrooder
Ayns Unicode, ta i mooar ec U+0049 as i beg ec U+0069.

Ayns ASCII, ta i mooar ec 73 as i beg ec 105.  Ayns earrooyn jeesoil, shen 01001001 as 01101001.

Ayns EBCDIC, ta  i mooar ec 201 as i beg ec 137.  

Ayns HTML as XML, ta  i mooar ec "&amp;#73;" as i beg ec "&amp;#105;".  

## Cosoylaghey

Ta lettyryn gollrish iuar ayns ny h-abbyrlhittyn Kyrillagh as Coptagh.  Ta I jeesagh cosoylagh rish I Kyrillagh, agh t'ad ry-akin ayns çhengaghyn elley.  Haink *I jeesagh* jeh *[[iota (lettyr Greagagh)|iota]]*, as *I* jeh *[[eta (lettyr Greagagh)|eta]]*, agh cha row monney anchaslys eddyr oc.  Ta ymmyd jeant jeu croghey er ny çhengaghyn hene.  Ta'n chooish cheddin ec yn abbyrlhit Coptagh, eddyr ny lettyryn eta as iota t'echey.

## Imraaghyn
J

She **J**, ny **j**, yn jeihoo lettyr 'syn abbyrlhit Ladjynagh, ta ymmydit ayns abbyrlhit ny Gaelgey noa-emshiragh as ayns abbyrlhittyn elley er feie ny cruinney. She **juys** yn ennym va currit er 'sy Ghaelg ayns ny laaghyn t'er ny gholl shaghey.

## Shennaghys
Haink J jeh *[[iuar (lettyr)|iuar]]* 'syn 16oo eash.  Ta bun y lettyr jalloo-ocklyn Egyptagh jeh lurg as laue echey.  Va'n sheean (/ʕ/) ec yn 'ockle Egyptagh, agh haink eh dy chowraghey /j/ ayns çhengaghyn Semetagh, er y fa dy row /j/ ec toshiaght ny focklyn v'oc son *lurg*.  She yodh v'ayn.

Ghow ny Greagee cummey jeh son iota 'syn abbyrlhit Greagagh, as eshyn çheet er /i/.  Ren ny Rauee ymmyd jeh'n lettyr cheddin 'syn abbyrlhit Romanagh.  Va J ny chummey elley jeh'n lettyr cheddin, as derrey'n 16oo eash, ren ad ymmyd jeh'n daa lettyr son y daa heean.

Ayns Shenn Vaarle, v'ad screeu y myn-heean  myr *cʒ*..  Va myn-heean casley rish ec Shenn Rangish, jeh  Ladjyn, as v'ad ny screeu myr *i*.  Fo cummaght Shenn Rangish, haink ny screeudeyryn Sostnagh y yannoo ymmyd jeh *i* (as eisht *j*) son  ec toshiaght focklyn ny Shenn Vaarle.  Myr sampleyr, ***i'''est'', eisht ***j**est'' ("spotçh"), agh screeu ad ''DG'' ayns buill elley, myr sampleyr ''he**dg**e'' ("cleigh").  Haink ymmydyd elley stiagh 'sy Vaarle jeh focklyn eeassit ass [[Frangish]] as çhengaghyn elley; myr sampleyr, ''ad**j**oin'' ("lhiattaghey"), ***j*'unta* ("hoontey").  Y chied lioar Baarle eddyrscarr *i* as *j'' dy baghtal, hie eh er soilshaghey magh ayns 1634.  

'sy Ghaelg hene, ta'n lettyr çheet jeh'n abbyrlhit Baarleagh liorish obbyr John Phillips, Aspick Sodor as Mannin, as e lheid cairscreeu y yannoo son y Ghaelg ayns ny 1700yn.

## Ymmyd

'Sy Ghaelg, ta J çheet er yn affricaid , as shen kiart 'sy Vaarle neesht son y chooid smoo.  

Ayns çhengaghyn Germaanagh, as ny çhengaghyn Baltagh as Slavagh ta jannoo ymmyd jeh'n abbyrlhit Romanagh, t'eh çheet er y lhiattagh  dy mennick.

Ayns ny çhenaghyn Romanagh, t'eh ny screebagh son y chooid smoo.  She screebagh lurg-chooyeeacklagh cronnaneagh (/ʒ/) t'ayn ec Frangish, Portiugish as Roomainish, agh ayns Cataloanish, she screebagh cleaoil cronnaneagh t'ayn (/ʝ/).  Ayns Spaainish, ta feeu eddyr /x/ as /h/ echey, bentyn rish yn abbyrt t'ayn.

Çheumooie jeh'n Europey, ta J çheet er /ʒ/ ayns Turkish, Asserbajaanish as Tatarish.  Ayns Indoneeshish, Somaalish, Malayish, Igboish, Shonaish as Soolooish, t'eh çheet er /dʒ/.  Ayns Konkanish, Yorubaish, Oromoish as Swahilish, t'eh çheet er bleaystagh cleaoil cronnaneagh, /ɟ/.  Ayns Kiowaish, she bleaystagh cooyl-eeacklagh neuchronnaneagh t'ayn (/t/).

Ayns aascreeu Hanyu Pinyin, ta J çheet er affricaid cooyl-eeacklagh cleaoil, /tɕ/.

## Coadyn co-earrooder
Ayns Unicode, ta j mooar ec U+0050 as j beg ec U+0070.

Ayns ASCII, ta j mooar ec 74 as j beg ec 106.  Ayns earrooyn jeesoil, shen 01001010 as 01101010.

Ayns EBCDIC, ta  j mooar ec 209 as j beg ec 145.  

Ayns HTML as XML, ta  j mooar ec "&amp;#74;" as j beg ec "&amp;#106;".

## Imraaghyn
Juys

Ta ymmodee keealyn ec **juys**.  Foddee eh çheet er:

* **[[Bearkanagh]]**, lus 'sy rheynn *[[Pinophyta]]*.
* **[[Juys (Pinus)]]**, lus 'sy ghenus *[[Pinus]]*.
* **[[Juys (Abies)]]**, lus 'sy ghenus *[[Abies]]*.
* **[[Juys Ghoolish]]**, lus 'sy ghenus *[[Pseudotsuga]]*
* Fuygh jeh ny biljyn t'ad cur **juys** orroo.
Päijät-Häme

Ta **Päijät-Häme** (Soolynnish: *Päijänne-Tavastland*) ny h-ard ayns Finnlynn Yiass çheu yiass veih'n logh Päijänne. T'ee caglit liorish ny h-ardjyn Uusimaa, Kanta-Häme, Pirkanmaa, Finlynn Veanagh, Savo Yiass, as Kymenlaakso.

## Queiggaghyn shendeeagh
*Son shennaghys, çheer-oaylleeaght, as cultoor jeeagh er: [[Häme]]*

## Baljaghtyn

Ta daa valjaght yeig ayns Päijät-Häme. Ta ny h-ard-valjyn as ny baljyn ayns clou trome.


**Fo-ard Lahti:** 
* Asikkala
* Hartola
* **[[Heinola]]**
* Hollola
* Hämeenkoski
* Kärkölä
* **[[Lahti]]**
* Nastola
* **[[Orimattila]]**
* Padasjoki
* Sysmä



## Kianglaghyn mooie

*Coonseil Ardjynagh Phäijät-Häme
Uusimaa Hiar

She nane jeh 19 ardjyn Innlynn va **Uusimaa Hiar** ny **Itä-Uusimaa** dy h-oikoil (; ; "Thalloo Noa Hiar" dy lettyragh) derrey v'eh currit ry-cheilley rish ard Uusimaa er 1 Jerrey Geuree 2011. V'eh çhemmal rish ny h-ardjyn Uusimaa, Päijänne Tavastia (Päijät-Häme) as Kymenlaakso.

## Queiggey shendeeagh
*Son shennaghys, çheer-oaylleeaght, as cultoor jeeagh er: [[Uusimaa (queiggey shendeeagh)]]*

## Municipalities

Ta jeih baljaghtyn ayns Uusimaa Hiar. Ta ard-valjyn as baljyn soilshit magh ayns clou trome. Ta'n chied ennym jeh'n valjaght screeuit ayns mooar-hengey ny baljaght. Ta'n ennym oikoil (raad dy vel lhieggan ayn) 'sy çhengey ashoonagh elley soilshit magh ayns lhoobeenyn.

**Porvoo (fo-ard):**

* Askola
* Myrskylä (Mörskom)
* Pukkila (Buckila)
* **[[Porvoo]]** (Borgå)
* Sipoo (Sibbo)


**Loviisa (fo-ard):**

* Lapinjärvi (Lappträsk)
* Liljendal
* **[[Loviisa]]** (Lovisa)
* Pernå (Pernaja)
* Ruotsinpyhtää (Strömfors)



## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Coonseil Ardjynagh Uusimaa Hiar
K

She **K**, ny **k**, yn chied lettyr jeig 'syn abbyrlhit Ladjynagh, ta ymmydit ayns abbyrlhit ny Gaelgey noa-emshiragh as ayns abbyrlhittyn elley er feie ny cruinney. She **keirn** yn ennym va currit er 'sy Ghaelg ayns ny laaghyn t'er ny gholl shaghey.

## Shennaghys
T'ad gra dy daink K jeh screeu caslys jeh laue 'syn abbyrlhit Proto-Sinaitagh. Haink y cowrey shoh trooid coryssyn screeu Feaneeckagh, Greagagh as Romanagh dys y chummey t'ayn nish.

'Sy Ghaelg hene, ta'n lettyr çheet jeh'n abbyrlhit Baarleagh liorish obbyr John Phillips, Aspick Sodor as Mannin, as e lheid cairscreeu y yannoo son y Ghaelg ayns ny 1700yn.

## Ymmyd
Ta K çheet er , son y chooid smoo.
 
## Coadyn co-earrooder
Ayns Unicode, ta K mooar ec U+004B as k beg ec U+006B.

Ayns ASCII, ta K mooar ec 75 as k beg ec 107. Ayns earrooyn jeesoil, shen 01001011 as 01101011.

Ayns EBCDIC, ta K mooar ec 210 as k beg ec 146.  

Ayns HTML as XML, ta K mooar ec "&amp;#75;" as k beg ec "&amp;#107;".  

## Jeeagh er reesht

## Imraaghyn
O

She **O**, ny **o**, yn queiggoo lettyr jeig as y kiarroo breeockle 'syn abbyrlhit Ladjynagh, ta ymmydit ayns abbyrlhit ny Gaelgey noa-emshiragh as ayns abbyrlhittyn elley er feie ny cruinney. She **onnane** yn ennym va currit er 'sy Ghaelg ayns ny laaghyn t'er ny gholl shaghey.

## Shennaghys

T'ad gra dy daink O jeh screeu caslys jeh `Ayin 'syn abbyrlhit Proto-Sinaitagh.  S’cosoylaghey dy daink eh jeh jalloo-screeuyn Egyptagh.  V'eh çheet er screebagh farangagh cronnaneagh (), shen *`Ayn* (ع) 'syn abbyrlhit Arabagh jeianagh.  

Dynlee ny Shenn Ghreagee cowraghyn breeockle, as er y fa nagh row corocklyn farangagh oc, ren ad ymmyd jeh'n lettyr shoh myr omicron son .  Ny s'anmey, eddyrscarrey ad y lettyr ayns omega (liauyr) as omicron ( giare).  Haink omicron trooid yn Etruscagh as Romanagh dys y chummey t'ayn nish.

'sy Ghaelg hene, ta'n lettyr çheet jeh'n abbyrlhit Baarleagh liorish obbyr John Phillips, Aspick Sodor as Mannin, as e lheid cairscreeu y yannoo son y Ghaelg ayns ny 1700yn.

## Coadyn co-earrooder
Ayns Unicode, ta O mooar ec U+004F as o beg ec U+006F.

Ayns ASCII, ta O mooar ec 79 as o beg ec 111.  Ayns earrooyn jeesoil, shen 01001110 as 01101110.

Ayns EBCDIC, ta  O mooar ec 214 as o beg ec 150.  

Ayns HTML as XML, ta  O mooar ec "&amp;#79;" as o beg ec "&amp;#111;".  

## Jeeagh er reesht

## Imraaghyn
Possan cair-uillinagh

Ayns maddaght, y **possan cair-uillinagh** keim *n* er rheam *F* (screeut myr O(*n*,*F*)), shen possan jeh *n*-rish-*n* matricksyn cair-uillinagh as fys *F* ayndaue, as yn obbyr possanagh yl-raghey matricks oc. She fo-phossan jeh'n phossan cadjin linnagh GL(*n*,*F*) t'ayn, rere:

:\mathrm{O}(n,F) = \{ Q \in \mathrm{GL}(n,F) \mid Q^T Q = Q Q^T = I \}

as *Q<sup>T</sup>* ny vaylartey *Q*. Son y chooid smoo, t'ad screeu y possan cair-uillinagh claddisagh er ny feer earrooyn myr O(*n*).
Pobbyl

Ta ymmodee keealyn ec **pobbyl**.  Foddee eh çheet er:

* **[[Pobbyl (billey)]]**, billey 'sy chynney *[[Populus]]*.
* **[[Pobble]]**, adsyn ta cummal ayns boayl ennagh.
Pirkanmaa

Ta **Pirkanmaa** (Soolynnish: *Birkaland*), ny **Ard Hampere**, ny h-ard ayns Finnlynn ta ny soie ayns queiggey Finnlynn Heear. T'ee caglit liorish Satakunta, Kanta-Häme, Päijät-Häme, Pohjanmaa Yiass as Finnlynn Veanagh.

She Tampere preeu-valley yn ard.

## Queiggaghyn shendeeagh
*Son shennaghys, çheer-oaylleeaght as cultoor jeeagh er: [[Häme (queiggey shendeeagh)|Häme]] as [[Satakunta (queiggey shendeeagh)|Satakunta]]*

## Baljaghtyn

Ta Pirkanmaa goaill stiagh 24 baljaghtyn as ta staydys baljagh ec 11 jeu.

Rolley abbyrlhitagh jeh ny baljaghtyn ayns Pirkanmaa:

*Akaa
*Hämeenkyrö
*Ikaalinen
*Juupajoki
*Kangasala
*Kihniö
*Kuhmalahti
*Kylmäkoski
*Lempäälä
*Mänttä-Vilppula
*Nokia
*Orivesi


*Pirkkala
*Parkano
*Punkalaidun
*Pälkäne
*Ruovesi
*Sastamala
***[[Tampere]]**
*Urjala
*Valkeakoski
*Vesilahti
*Virrat
*Ylöjärvi


## Kianglaghyn mooie

*  Pirkanmaa
Kymenlaakso

Ta **Kymenlaakso** (Soolynnish: *Kymmenedalen*) ny h-ard ayns queiggey Finnlynn Yiass. T'ee caglit liorish ny h-ardjyn Uusimaa Hiar, Päijät-Häme, Savo Yiass, as Karelia Yiass.

## Queiggaghyn shendeeagh
*Son shennaghys, çheer-oaylleeaght as cultoor jeeagh er: [[Uusimaa (queiggey shendeeagh)]], [[Karelia (queiggey shendeeagh Finnlynn)|Karelia]]*

## Baljaghtyn

Ta shiaght baljaghtyn ayns Kymenlaakso. Ta ard-valjyn as baljyn soilshit magh ayns clou trome.

**Fo-ard Chouvola:**
* Iitti (Itis)
* **[[Kouvola]]**


**Fo-ard Chotka-Hamina:  **
* **[[Hamina]]** (Fredrikshamn)
* **[[Kotka]]**
* Miehikkälä
* Pyhtää (Pyttis)
* Virolahti (Vederlax)


## Kianglaghyn magh

*Coonseil Ardjynagh Kymenlaakso