open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Soilshaghey magh:Kemmig

Ta'n duillag shoh son soilshaghey aagherridyn as cliaghtaghyn kemmig.

## Enmyn cadjin

* Elmint kemmigagh - stoo kemmigagh bunneydagh
* Breneen - meer sloo oddagh oo goaill jeh elmint as yn elmint hene ayd foast
* Co-vreneen - breneenyn jeh un ny ny smoo elmintyn ayns kianglit ry-cheilley

## Formlaghyn kemmigagh

Ta formlaghyn kemmigagh jannoo ymmyd jeh cowraghyn haabyl çhymcheayrtagh ny helmintyn.  Myr sampleyr, ta **H** cowraghey *hiddragien*.  Ayns formlaghyn kemmigagh, ta cowrey elmint ennagh cowraghey dy vel un vreneen jeh'n elmint ayns y cho-vreneen.  My ta earroo fo-screeuit ec y chowrey, ta shen cowraghey dy vel wheesh dy vreneenyn jeh'n elmint ayn.

Shoh formley soorid sulfuragh:
H2SO4

Dy ghra myr shen: **Hiddragien**x2 + **Sulfur**x1 + **Ocsygien**x4

Myr shen, ta daa vreneen dy hiddraghien, un dy hulfur, as kiare dy ocsygien ayns y cho-vreneen dy hoorid sulfuragh.

## Formlaghyn troggalagh
Elmint

Foddee **elmint** çheet er:

'Syn **oaylleeaght**:
* Ennym elley er bun-stoo

'Sy **cho-earrooaght**:
* Elmint HTML
* Elmint Straneys
* Adobe Photoshop Elements
* She unnid fysseree eh elmint fysseree

'Sy **leigh**:
*Elmint (kimmeeagh), bun-straih prinsabylyn y leigh chadjin bentyn rish freggyraght chimmeeagh.

'Sy **vaddaght**:
* Elmint (maddaght), oltey straih ny rang
* Elmintyn Euclid, traghtys maddaghtoil er y towse-oaylleeaght

'Sy **chiaull**:
* Elements (Mike Oldfield), kuse d'albymyn liorish Mike Oldfield
* Elements (albym liorish Roger Glover)
* Elements, Pt. 1 & Elements, Pt. 2, albymyn liorish Stratovarius
* The Elements (arrane), liorish Tom Lehrer
* Elements (albym liorish Steve Howe) 
* Elements (albym) liorish Atheist
* Elmintyn 'sy chultoor hip hop

Ayns fallsoonys as cultoor:
* Elmint classicagh, bun ny cruinney rere fallsoonys Sheear
* Elmint (Sheenagh), bun ny cruinney rere fallsoonys Sheenagh Daoaght
* Elmint (Shapaanagh), bun ny cruinney rere fallsoonys Shapaanagh
* Tattva, bun ny cruinney rere fallsoonys Hindu Samkhya
* Mahābhūta, *ard-elmint* rere Buddhaght
Eeslynnish

Ta'n **Eeslynnish** (*íslenska*) ny çhengey Ghermaanagh Hwoaie as çhengey yn Eeslynn. T'ad Faaroish as abbyrtyn jeh'n Norlynnish lheid as ny h-abbyrtyn ayns Telemark as Sogn ny h-abbyrtyn ta ny smoo cosoylagh rish yn Eeslynnish.

Ta'n Eeslynnish freayll grammadeys yn-filleydagh ta cosoylagh rish grammadeys Ladjyn ny, ny s'faggys, rish Shenn Loghlynish as y Çhenn Vaarle. She anchaslys smoo eddyr yn Eeslynnish as Ladjyn na kanys t'ad dellal lesh y vreear. Ta obbraghey yn ennymockle, y varennym, yn 'ar-ennym as rangyn elley feer cosoylagh rish Ladjyn. Dy mynchooishagh, foddee dy ghrady vel yn Eeslynnish ayns shelloo ram sampleyryn caseyn stramlagh gyn focklyn stiuree, cosoylagh rish Ladjyn (m.s. ta kiangley eddyr ram gowaltee Ladjynagh as toyrtee yn Eeslynnish.

## Sheeanchoryssaghtys
Neu-chosoylagh rish ram çhengaghyn elley, cha nel agh anchaslyssyn beggey abbyrtagh ayns sheeanyn. Ta unghooaghtyn as daaghooaghtyn 'sy çhengey, as foddee er corocklyn dy ve nyn gorocklyn coraagh as nyn gorocklyn gyn coraa.

Ta paart mooar ec y ghoo ayns fockley magh ram corocklyn. Son y chooid smoo jeh corocklyn yn Eeslynnish ta mic-hoyley coraagh as mic-hoyley gyn coraa ayn. Ansherbee, cha nel *b*, *d*, as *g* focklit 'syn Eeslynnish (myrane lesh aascreeuyn Ladjynagh ny Mandareenish, ny Cantoanish as ny Koreeish). Ta'n anchaslys eddyr ny lettyryn shen as *p*, *t*, as *k* ry-akin nar t'ad ec toshiaght fockle tra t'ad ennalit, raad nagh vel ennalaghey currit er *b*, *d*, as *g*.

### Corocklyn

Cha nel ny screebee , ,  as  lane keylit, as, ny s'menkey, t'ad ny s'faggys da faggysaghtyn na da screebee.

### Breeocklyn

## Imraaghyn
Ásgeir Ásgeirsson

Va **Ásgeir Ásgeirsson** (IPA: [ˈausceir̥ ˈausceir̥sɔn]) (12 Boaldyn 1894 &ndash; 15 Mean Fouyir 1972) ny nah eaghtyrane ny h-Eeslynn, veih 1952 derrey 1968.

Ren Ásgeir studeyrys er jeeaghtys ayns Ollooscoill yn Eeslynn ayns Reykjavík, raad hooar eh keim ayns 1915. Agh v'eh er credjal dy row Ásgeir ro aeg dy ve oardit myr saggyrt. Phoos eh rish Dóra Þórhallsdóttir ayns 1917. Va Dóra ny h-inneen da Þórhallur Bjarnarson, aspick ny h-Eeslynn veih 1908 derrey 1916. V'eh Tryggvi Þórhallsson y braar eck, quoi va ny Ard-vinishter yn Eeslynn eddyr ny bleeantyn 1927 as 1932.

Va Ásgeir reiht da'n Alþingi ayns 1923 nar v'eh 29 bleeaney d'eash as eh shassoo seose da'n Partee Immeeaghtagh. Loayr eh myr eaghtyrane yn Alþingi ec Þingvellir er traa ard-eailley laa milley-vleeaney yn ard-whaiyl ayns 1930, as haink er dy ve ny Shirveishagh Argidys ayns 1931, as ny ard-vinishter ayns 1932. Daag eh yn Partee Immeeaghtagh ayns 1934 as hie eh stiagh 'sy Phartee Soshiallagh Deynlagh. Hannee eh 'syn Alþingi derrey 1952, nar v'eh reiht myr eaghtyrane. Veih 1938 derrey v'eh reiht myr eaghtyrane, va Ásgeir ny stiureyder er Útvegsbanki Íslands, banc Eeslynnagh va covestit stiagh, myrane lesh tree bancyn elley, ayns un vanc - Íslandsbanki (she Glitnir yn ennym er jiu).

Va Ásgeir aa-reiht gyn staayneyder ayns 1956, 1960, as 1964. Giare ny yei toshiaght y chiare imbagh echey, hooar e ven heshee baase jeh'n vaneaghey-foalley. Ayns 1968 dirree eh ass yn oik er son dy bragh.
Bunstoo

She sorçh dy vreneen eh **bunstoo**, as eh er ny chowraghey rere'n earroo breneenagh echey; dy ghra myr shen, yn earroo dy phrotonyn ayns y çheshvean echey. Dy cadjin, ta'n ennym goll er cur er stoo kemmigagh glen, jeant jeh breneenyn as yn earroo cheddin dy phrotonyn ec dagh fer jeu. Ta bunstooghyn goaill stiagh fir chadjin myr yiarn, argid, airh, carboan as ocsygien. Rish 2008, va 117 er nyn ngeddyn magh, as 92 jeu ry-gheddyn dy najooragh er y Chruinney.

Ta dy chooilley stoo kemmigagh jeant jeh ny bunstooghyn.

## Shennaghys

Va straih *bunstooghyn classicagh* ard-chaslyssagh ec ymmodee cultooryn dy hoilshaghey magh obbraghyn najooragh. Va tree bunstooghyn ayn harrish y chruinney: thalloo, ushtey, as aile. Dy cadjin, ta aer nyn mast'oc. Ec fallsoonys Greagagh, Injinagh (*[[Tattva]]* as *[[Mahābhūta]]*), Shapaanagh as Tibetagh, va aether chammah. Ec fallsoonys Dao Sheenagh, ta ny queig bunstooghyn fuygh, aile, thalloo, meain as ushtey - cha nel aer ny bun-stoo.

Y chied screeuyn mychione ny bunstooghyn Sheear, v'ad screeut ec Empedocles Hug eh "fraueyn" orroo, as ren eh kiangley ad rish enmyn Zeus, Hera, Nestis, as Aidoneus (shenn-skeealagh). Cha dug eh hene "elmint" ("", *stoicheion*) orroo rieau; s'cosoylagh dy nee Plato ren y chied ymmyd jeh'n 'ockle shen mysh 360 RJC, ayns Timaeus.  Ta'n coloayrt shoh goaill stiagh resoonaght er dooghys chorpyn orgaanagh as neuorgaanagh, as loayrt er ny "kied vunstooghyn": thalloo, ushtey, aer as aile.

Mysh 350 RJC, ren Aristotle cur stiagh y queigoo bunstoo: aether, as eshyn bun niau.  Rere Aristotle, ta bunstoo ny "chorp nagh nod oo aarheynn dys corpyn elley, as nod oo rheynn corpyn elley dys eshyn.".

## Imraaghyn
Landnámabók

Ta'n ***Landnámabók*** (Eeslynnish son "Lioar Choloinaghys", giarrit ny keayrtyn dys ***Landnáma***) ny laue-screeuyn mean-eashagh Eeslynnagh ta jannoo mynchoontey er coloinaghys ("landnám") yn Eeslynn liorish ny Loghlynee 'sy 9-oo as 'sy 10-oo eashyn BNJ. T'ee toshiaghey lesh y coloinaghys bunneydagh ayns Reykjavík liorish Ingólfur Arnarson as yn aggyrtys echey er y thalloo da'n twoaie, da'n sheear, da'n shiar, as da'n jiass. Ny yei shen, t'ee jannoo coontey er kynneeyn fuilleeaght ny coloinee bunneydagh as t'ee cowraghey magh taghyrtyn mooarey as shennaghys kynnee derrey yn 12-oo eash. Ta coontey aynjee er ny smoo na 3,000 feallagh as 1,400 baljyn beggey. Ta rolley ny 435 fir choloinee vunneydagh 'sy *Landnámabók*, as y chooid smoo jeu ayns sheear yiass as twoaie yn ellan. T'ee foast ny bun shennaghys as sheelogheydys ny h-Eeslynnee.

Ta tree lhiegganyn mean-eashagh y *Landnámabók* er mayrn.

* *Sturlubók* liorish Sturla Þórðarson
* *[[Hauksbók]]* liorish Haukr Erlendsson, ta bunnit er *Sturlubók* as lhieggan liorish Styrmir Kárason t'er coayl.
* *Melabók*

## Kianglaghyn mooie
* Cur magh er-linney jeh'n ''Landnámabók''
* ''Landnámabók'' er ny aa-screeu 'sy Vaarle liorish Aaron Myer
* Ynnyd-eggey Hie Tashtee Laue-screeuyn Árni Magnússon
Soilshaghey magh:Çhengoaylleeaght

Ta'n duillag shoh son soilshaghey aagherridyn as cliaghtaghyn çhengoaylleeaght.

=Aagherridyn cadjin=

Ta ymmyd jeant jeh ny haagherridyn shoh ayns sampleyryn çhengoaylleeagh.

=Cliaghtaghyn cadjin=

## Rolteen

Dy cadjin, ta rolteen (*) cowraghey dy vel raa ny troggal çhengoaylleeagh neuchiart.  Jean cosoylaghey:

**(1)**
:**a.** Ta fys mie ayd er shen.
:**b.** *Ta fys ayd dy mie er shen.

Ta'n rolteen cowraghey dy nee sampleyr neuchiart t'ayn, son dy hoilshaghey magh reillyn ny çhengey, foddee.

## Sampleyryn çhengoaylleeagh

### Sampleyryn as tree linnaghyn oc
Son taishbyney troghyn çhengaghyn elley, t'ad jannoo ymmyd mooar jeh sampleyryn as tree linnaghyn oc:

### Slane lhiettal
My ta slane lhiettal (.) eddyr daa 'ockle (ny ny smoo) ayns çhyndaa dy hampleyr, ta shen cowraghey dy vel y fockle bunneydagh goaill stiagh keeall yn ghaa.  Myr sampleyr:

Ta shen cowraghey dy vel y fockle *verym* goaill stiagh keeall *cur* + *emshir ry-heet* + *kied phersoon* + *unnaneagh* ayns un 'ockle.
Kiarkyl yn Arctagh

Ta **Kiarkyl yn Arctagh** nane jeh queig kiarkylyn ghowan-lheead ta cowrit er caslyssyn çheerey yn theihill. T'eh ny ghowan-lheead ta roie 66° 33′39″ (ny 66.56083°) çheu hwoaie jeh Cryss ny Cruinney. Ta'n ennym, yn Arctagh, currit er y thalloo ta ny lhie heose veih'n linney shoh as ta'n ennym yn Chryss Hempreilagh Hwoaie currit er y chryss da'n jiass j'ee. She Kiarkyl yn Antarctagh en ennym ta currit er kiarkyl yn ard corrym 'sy lieh-chruinney yiass.

Ta Kiarkyl yn Arctagh cowrey magh feegan smoo jiass y laa phoullagh (laa 24-ooryn dy Ghrian, lesh yn ennym "Grian mean oie" currit er) as oie phoullagh (laa 24-ooryn gyn Grian). Çheu hwoaie jeh'n linney ta'n Ghrian ny lhie heose veih bun ny speyrey er feie 24 ooryn gyn brishey un cheayrt 'sy vlein er y chooid sloo. Er Kiarkyl yn Arctagh ta ny taghyrtyn shen taghyrt keayrt 'sy vlein, ec shassyn greiney Mean Souree as Mee ny Nollick.

## Çheer-oaylleeaght

Ta Kiarkyl yn Arctagh goll trooid Mooir yn Arctagh, Lieh-innys Loghlinagh, yn Aishey Hwoaie, Twoaie America Hwoaie as Greenlynn. Ta thalloo Chiarkyl yn Arctagh rheynnit eddyr hoght çheeraghyn, Norlynn, y Toolynn, Finnlynn, y Roosh, ny Steatyn Unnaneysit (t'eh shen Alaska), y Chanadey, y Danvarg (t'eh shen Greenlynn) as yn Eeslynn.

Lesh y toshiaght ec y Linney Vunlaa as goll shiar, ta Kiarkyl yn Arctagh goll trooid:

:

Cha nel mooarane sleih nyn gummal çheu hwoaie jeh Kiarkyl yn Arctagh er oyr yn aeraght Arctagh t'ayn. Ta ny tree baljyn smoo heose jeh'n Chiarkyl nyn lhie 'sy Roosh; Murmansk (325,100 cummaltee), Norilsk (135,000 cummaltee), as Vorkuta (85,000 cummaltee). Ta 62,000 cummaltee ayns Tromsø ayns Norlynn, agh cha nel agh beggan ny sloo na 58,000 cummaltee ayns Rovaniemi ayns Finnlynn as eh ny lhie beggan heese jeh'n Chiarkyl.

## Jeeagh er neesht
*Kay Arctagh
*Undinys Ronsee Poullagh Scott
*Aggyrtyssyn  thallooinagh 'syn Arctagh
*Çhyndaa yn Phartan
*Çhyndaa yn Ghoayr

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn mooie

*Terra Incognita: Exploration of the Canadian Arctic&mdash;Traaght shenndeeagh er ronseeyn leah gys Arctagh y Chanadey, daahit lesh caslyssyn çheerey, fotografyn as linneeaghtyn
Pobblaght y Taiwaan (1895)

:*Ny jean jarrood eddyr y phobblaght henndeeagh shoh as y phobblaght noa-emshyragh gyn enney, "[[Pobblaght y Taiwaan]]".*

Va **Pobblaght y Taiwaan** (; fockle er fockle "Pobblaght Gheynlagh y Taiwaan"; ennym elley: **Pobblaght Formosa**) ny pobblaght ghiare-heillagh v'er mayrn er ellan y Taiwaan 'sy vlein 1895, eddyr coyrt seose formoil ny Taiwaan liorish Reeraghtys Qing y Çheen dys Impiraght y Çhapaan rere Conaant Shimonoseki as çheet ny sidooryn Shapaanagh as goaill pooar ard-chioneys Shapaanagh. Ny keayrtyn ta screeudeyryn shennaghys ny politickeyryn ennagh gra dy row ee ny chied phobblaght 'syn Aishey va fogrit magh. Ansherbee, va Pobblaght Lanfang ayn roish, as ee currit er bun 'sy vlein 1777.

Va'n phobblaght fogrit magh liorish ard-oikyn er çheu Qing as olteynyn y sleih ooasley ynnydagh. Heill ad nagh jig ny Shapaanee my vel pobblaght noa ayn. Daag mooarane jeh ny fir oikagh yn ellan ny yei yn ruegys Shapaanagh er yn ellan.

## Eaghtyraneyn Phobblaght y Taiwaan
* Tang Ching-sung (25 Boaldyn 1895 – 5 Mean Souree 1895)  
* Liu Yung-fu (5 Mean Souree 1895 – 21 Jerrey Fouyir 1895)

## Jeeagh er neesht

* Shennaghys y Taiwaan
* Gotō Shinpei
1898

Va'n vlein **1898** (**[[Earrooyn Raueagh|MDCCCXCVIII]]**) ny blein chadjin. Hoshee ee er Jesarn jeh'n feaillere Gregoiragh.

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 21 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shah ny Pershey (b. 1930)
* 23 Jerrey Geuree &ndash; Sergei Eisenstein, stiureyder filmyn Rooshagh (b. 1938)
* 10 Toshiaght Arree &ndash; Bertolt Brecht, screeudeyr Germaanagh (b. 1956)
* 3 Boaldyn &ndash; Golda Meir, Ard-vinishter Israel (b. 1978)
* 29 Sauin &ndash; C. S. Lewis, ughtar Goaldagh (b. 1963)

## Baaseyn
* 14 Jerrey Geuree - Lewis Carroll, screeudeyr as maddaghteyr Goaldagh (*Ailish ayns Çheer ny Yindyssyn*) (r. 1832)
* 18 Averil - Gustave Moreau, peinteyr Frangagh (r. 1826)
* 19 Boaldyn - William Ewart Gladstone, Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit (r. 1809)
* 30 Jerrey Souree - Otto von Bismarck, steateyr Germaanagh (r. 1815)
1896

Va'n vlein **1896** (**[[Earrooyn Raueagh|MDCCCXCVI]]**) ny blein vishee. Hoshee ee er Jecrean jeh'n feaillere Gregoiragh.

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 14 Jerrey Geuree - John Dos Passos, ughtar Americaanagh (b. 1970)
* 18 Toshiaght Arree - André Breton, screeudeyr Frangagh (b. 1966)
* 29 Toshiaght Arree - Morarji Desai, politickeyr Injinagh (b. 1995)
* 1 Mean Fouyir - A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, crootagh Injinagh ny gleashaght Hare Krishna (b. 1977)

## Baaseyn
* 1 Boaldyn - Naser ad-Din Qajar, Shah ny Pershey, Ree Herat (r. 1831)
* 20 Boaldyn - Clara Schumann, cummeyder Germaanagh (r. 1819)
* 10 Nollick - Alfred Nobel, ynlaghteyr dynamite as crootagh yn Aundyr Nobel (r. 1833)
1894

Va'n vlein **1894** (**[[Earrooyn Raueagh|MDCCCXCIV]]**) ny blein chadjin. Hoshee ee er Jelune jeh'n feaillere Gregoiragh.

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 30 Jerrey Geuree - Ree Boris III ny Bulgeyr (b. 1943)
* 10 Toshiaght Arree - Harold Macmillan, Ard-vinishter Goaldagh (b. 1986)
* 17 Averil - Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, politickeyr Soveidjagh (b. 1971)
* 26 Averil - Rudolf Hess, fer oik Germaanagh Natseeagh (b. 1987)
* 23 Mean Souree - Ree Edard VIII y Reeriaght Unnaneysit (b. 1972)
* 15 Mean Fouyir - Jean Renoir, stiureyder filmyn Frangagh (b. 1979)
* 15 Jerrey Fouyir - Moshe Sharett, Ard-vinishter Israel (b. 1965)

## Baaseyn
* 1 Jerrey Geuree - Heinrich Hertz, fishigagh Germaanagh (r. 1857)
* 7 Mean Souree - Ree Hassan I ny Maroc (r. 1836)
* 1 Sauin - Tsar Alistair III ny Roosh (r. 1845)
* 3 Nollick - Robert Louis Stevenson, ughtar Albinagh (r. 1850)
Eaghtyr Tarmaynagh Oarpagh

Va'n **Eaghtyr Tarmaynagh Oarpagh** (Baarle: *European Economic Area*, Frangish: *Espace économique européen*, Germaanish: *Europäischer Wirtschaftsraum*) bunnit er 1 Jerrey Geuree 1994 eisht coardail eddyr olteynyn Sheshaght Oarpagh ry hoi Traght Seyr (SOTS), yn Boodeeys Oarpagh (BO), as olteynyn yn Unnaneys Oarpagh (UO). Ta'n coardail lhiggey da steatyn y SOTS goaill commee 'sy vargey singil Oarpagh gyn sniemmey ry-cheilley rish yn UO.

## Olteynys
T'ad ny h-olteynyn coonree rish Coardail yn ETO na tree çheeraghyn yn SOTS - yn Eeslynn, Liechtenstein as Norlynn -  as 27 olteynyn yn UO chammah as y Boodeeys Oarpagh.

Cha nel yn Elveeish ny h-oltey jeh'n ETO rere refrane 'sy vlein 1992. Ta'n Elveeish kianglt rish yn UO liorish coardailyn daa-heuagh, lesh cummal ta anchasley rish cummal Coardail yn ETO.
Kiannoortyssyn y Phalasteen

Ny yei fo-screeuys Coardailyn Oslo, va thallooyn Palasteenagh ny Broogh Heear as Straih Ghaza rheynnit ayns tree ardjyn (Ard A, Ard B, as Ard C) as 16 kiannoortyssyn fo reillys Kioneys Ashoonagh ny Palasteen.

## Y Vroogh Heear

## Straih Ghaza

## Imraaghyn
Ingólfr Arnarson

Ta **Ingólfr Arnarson** (Eeslynnish noa-emshyragh: **Ingólfur Arnarson**) currit er enney myr y chied choloinagh Nordagh beayn 'syn Eeslynn. Rere y *[[Landnáma]]* va'n thie echey troggit ayns Reykjavík 'sy vlein 874. Agh ta feddynyn shenndaaleeagh jeianagh coyrlaghey dy row y coloinaghys currit er bun beggan ny s'leah, ansherbee.

Er y recortysser mean-eashagh Ari Thorgilsson v'eh Ingólfr y chied choloinagh Nordagh 'syn Eeslynn, agh va ny "Papar" - t'eh shen monnee as fir lomarcan Yernagh - 'sy çheer roish çheet ny Loghlynee. Dar lesh, daag ad yn ellan er yn oyr nagh row mian orroo ve nyn gummal mastey ny paganee noa.

Ta coontys liauyr, shenn-skeealagh er coloinaghys Ingólfr 'sy *Landnáma*, as eh screeuit eddyr tree as kiare eashyn ny yei coloinaghys ny h-Eeslynn. Dar lesh y lioar, daag eh Norlynn ny yei haink y laue echey ayns feoh foalley. Cheayll eh mysh ellan noa 'sy Cheayn Sheear va feddynit magh ec Garðarr Svavarsson, Flóki Vilgerðarson as sleih elley. Myrane lesh y charrey echey, Hjörleifr Hróðmarsson, hiauill eh gys yn Eeslynn. Nar va thalloo ry akin, cheau eh buttooryn yn ard-stoyl echey (cowrey dy row eh ny hoshiagh) harrish boayrd as hug eh laue as fockle thie y hroggal ayns ynnyd as ny buttooryn çheet er y traie lesh laueyn ny jeeghyn. Hie jees jeh ny sleabyn echey er ronsaghey roish feddyn ny buttooryn. Hrog Ingólfr y thie echey 'syn ynnyd shen, as haink er yn ynnyd shen dy ve enmyssit myr Reykjavík.

'Syn eash cheddin, va Hjörleifr marrooit liorish ny sleabyn Yernagh echey er oyr y drogh-churrym echey daue. Va ny sleabyn shelgit as marrooit ec Ingólfr ayns ny Vestmannaeyjar (ennym ny sleabyn va currit orroo, Ellanyn ny Fir Heear)

Dar lesh y *Landnáma* ren Ingólfr coloinaghys er cooid vooar jeh sheear yiass ny h-Eeslynn, agh ny yei y coloinaghys echey cha nel mooarane er fys ain. Va'n mac echey, Þorsteinn Ingólfsson, ny ard-hoshiagh as t'eh er credjal dy row y chied *[[þing|þing / thing]]*, ny quaiyl, bunnit echey. V'eh ny roie-haghter er yn Alþingi.

## Jeeagh er neesht

* Coloinaghys yn Eeslynn
Rolley ellanyn rere eaghtyr

Shoh **rolley [[ellan]]yn y theihill rere eaghtyr**. T'eh goaill ellanyn ta ny smoo na 1,000 km² er eaghtyr stiagh. Er son cosoylaght ta ny mooar-rheynnyn currit stiagh 'syn earroo.

## Mooar-rheynnyn

Cha nel agh faggyssaghtyn ayns ny h-earrooyn shoh.

## Ellanyn ny smoo na 250,000 km²
Faagail magh dy vel ellan ny stuggan ta cruinnit rish ushtey, ta keeayllaghtyn ennagh goaill magh stugganyn ta chammah as ta'n ennym mooar-rheynn currit orroo. Er yn oyr dy vel yn Austrail currit 'sy rhenk heose, tamaid toshiaghey lesh Greenlynn.

## Ellanyn eddyr 25,000 km² as 250,000 km²

## Ellanyn eddyr 10,000 km² as 25,000 km²

## Ellanyn eddyr 5,000 km² as 10,000 km²

## Ellanyn eddyr 2,500 km² as 5,000 km²

## Ellanyn eddyr 1,000 km² as 2,500 km²
Foddee nagh vel y meer shoh creaghnit, agh t'eh goaill stiagh y chooid smoo jeh ellanyn y theihill ta ny smoo na 1,000 km², ansherbee. Cha nel fys jarooagh er eaghtyr ram ellanyn yn Antarctagh.

## Imraaghyn

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Rolley ellanyn (rere çheer)
* Rolley ellanyn rere ennym
* Rolley ellanyn rere earroo yn phobble
* Rolley ellanyn rere boayl s'yrjey
* Rolley çheeraghyn rere eaghtyr
* Rolley ellanyn ny h-Oarpey rere earroo yn phobble
* Rolley ellanyn ny h-Oarpey rere eaghtyr

## Kianglaghyn mooie
* Joshua Calder's World Island Info
* Claare Çhymmyltaght yn AU - rolley ellanyn rere eaghtyr
Þórisvatn

She **Þórisvatn** y logh smoo 'syn Eeslynn. T'eh ny lhie ayns çheu yiass y vaayr mooar Sprengisandur ayns Thalloo sleitoil ny h-Eeslynn.

T'eh ny ghoour ta 88 km² er eaghtyr as ta bree ny h-awin Þjórsá ry ymmyd echey as ee çheet ass yn awin rioee Hofsjökull. Ta stashoon ushtey-lectragh troggit ec bun y logh. Chammah as loghyn Eeslynnagh elley, as y chooid smoo jeu nyn loghyn awinagh rioee ny nyn loghyn volcaanagh, ta daah glass trean er.

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Loghyn 'syn Eeslynn
* Çheeroaylleeaght ny h-Eeslynn
Þingvallavatn

Ta **Þingvallavatn** ny logh ayns sheear yiass ny h-Eeslynn. T'eh ny logh najooragh smoo er yn ellan as eh 84 km² er eaghtyr. Ec y voayl s'diuney, ta'n logh 114 m er diunid. Ta'n logh ny lhie ayns Pairk Ashoonagh Þingvellir. Va ard-whaiyl ny h-Eeslynn, yn Alþing, bunnit ec coose hwoaie en ellan 'sy vlein 930.

## Imraaghyn

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Loghyn 'syn Eeslynn
* Volcaanyn ny h-Eeslynn
* Çheeroaylleeaght ny h-Eeslynn

## Kianglaghyn magh
*
Gaelg Chanadagh

She abbyrt Ghaelg ny h-Albey ee yn **Ghaelg Chanadagh** (*Gàidhlig Chanaideanach*) ta loayrit er Ellan Cheap Bhreatainn as ayns paalyn ny h-Albey Noa, yn Chanadey, er feie 200 bleeaney. Ta loayreyderyn ennagh elley ry gheddyn er Ellan y Phrinse Edard as ta'n çhengey ec Gaeil sthie-arragh ayns ard-valjyn Canadagh lheid as Toronto. 'Sy 19-oo eash meanagh v'ee ny treeoo çhengey smoo rere loayreyderyn 'sy Chanadey ny yei'n Vaarle as y Rangish. Agh, ta'n çhengey begnagh marroo ec y traa t'ayn, ansherbee. Ta eiyrtyssyn ayn ry hoi aavioghey ny çhengey 'sy Chanadey nish.

## Imraaghyn
Lagarfljót

She awin ta soit ayns shiar yn Eeslynn eh **Lagarfljót**, ta enmyssit **Fljótið** chammah. T'eh soit faggys da Egilsstaðir. T'eh  er eaghtyr laare as  er lhiurid; Ec y voayl s'lhea, t'eh  er lheead as  ec y voayl s'diuney. Ta'n stashoon ushtey-lectragh 27 MW Lagarfossvirkjun soit ec y chione heese.

Ta'n cheyll smoo 'syn Eeslynn, Hallormsstaðaskógur, ry-gheddyn faggys da'n awin, chammah's yn eas, Hengifoss. Hengifoss, ec  er yrjid, coontit mastey ny h-easyn s'yrjey 'sy çheer. Çheu heese jeh, ta eas elley ta enmyssit Litlanesfoss ry-gheddyn.

Gollrish Logh Nesh ayns Nalbin, ta ny h-ynnydee crejdal dy vel ard-nieu keiltynagh, ta enmyssit ''Lagarfljótsormurinn'', beaghey ayns diunidyn Lagarfljót.

## Jeeagh er neesht
*Rolley awinyn 'syn Eeslynn
*Easyn yn Eeslynn

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
*Fysseree as fotografyn 
*Hallormsstaður und Hengifoss
Hafnarfjörður

Ta **Hafnarfjörður** ny **Hafnarfjordur** ['hapnarˌfjœrðør̥] ny valley purtey ta ny lhie er coose heear yiass ny h-Eeslynn, mygeayrt 10 km çheu yiass veih Reykjavík. T'eh ny treeoo balley smoo 'syn Eeslynn eisht Reykjavík as Kópavogur, lesh 25,434 cummaltee. 

## Shuyr-valjyn
*  Uppsala, Y Toolynn
*  Tartu, Yn Estaan

## Kianglaghyn magh

*Ynnyd-eggey oikoil
Kópavogur

Ta **Kópavogur** ny nah valley smoo 'syn Eeslynn lesh 30,000 cummaltee ayn. T'eh ny lhie jeeragh jiass veih Reykjavík as t'eh ny chooid jeh Eaghtyr Reykjavík Mooar. T'eh jeant seose jeh buill chummaltit son y chooid smoo, agh ta ram bioyrid traghtee as çhynskylyn ayn myrgeddin.

## Shuyr-valjyn
*  Tasiilaq, Greenlynn
*  Klaksvík, Ellanyn ny Geyrragh
*  Mariehamn, Åland
*  Norrköping, y Toolynn
*  Odense, y Danvarg
*  Tampere, Finnlynn
*  Trondheim, Norlynn
*  Nampa, Idaho, ny Steatyn Unnaneysit
*  Wuhan, y Çheen
*  Riverton, Manitoba, y Chanadey
Reykjanesbær

Ta **Reykjanesbær** ny valjaght er lieh-innys Reykjanes 'syn Eeslynn. T'eh jeant seose jeh ny baljyn Keflavík, Njarðvík, as Hafnir. Va'n baljaght currit er bun 'sy vlein 1995 nar ren cummaltee ny tree baljyn briwnys ny baljyn y chochiangley.

Mastey ny tree baljyn 'sy valjaght, she Keflavík y valjaght smoo as she Hafnir y balley sloo. Ta Reykjanesbær ny wheigoo balley smoo 'syn Eeslynn lesh 14,000 cummaltee ayns Jerrey Souree ny bleeaney 2008.

## Shuyr-valjyn
Cha nel agh un huyr-valley:
*  Orlando, Florida
Akureyri

Ta **Akureyri** ([ˈaːkʰʏrˌeiːrɪ]) ny valley ayns twoaie ny h-Eeslynn. T'eh ny nah voir-valjaght smoo 'sy çheer lurg Reykjavík agh t'eh ny chiarroo baljaght smoo ny yei Hafnarfjörður, Kópavogur as Reykjavík. Ec coontey-pobble ayns Mee Averil ny bleeaney 2008, va 17,304 cummaltee 'sy valley.



## Shuyr-valjyn
*  Ålesund, Norlynn
*  Randers, Y Danvarg
*  Västerås, Y Toolynn
*  Lahti, Finnlynn
*  Murmansk, Y Roosh

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Ollooscoill Akureyri
John Major

Ta'n Reejerey **John Major** (ruggit 29 Mart 1943) ny pholitickeyr Goaldagh. Eddyr ny bleeantyn 1990 as 1997 v'eh ny 'er toshee er y Phartee Cumaadagh as ny Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Car y traa echey myr ard-vinishter va'n seihll ayns lhing aistragh ny yei jerrey y Chaggey Feayr. Ghow eh scansh yn Unnaneys Oarpagh stiagh as y resoonaght mychione shickyraghey y Chonaant Maastricht. Myrane lesh y reiltys echey, va Major freggyrtagh ry hoi immeeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit veih'n Choghleashaght Chormid Choonree (CCC / ERM) ny yei *[[Jecrean Ghoo]]* er 16 Mean Fouyir 1992.

Ayns 1997, chaill y Partee Cumaadagh, fo stiureydys Major, yn ard-reihys da Partee yn Lught Obbyr as eh fo stiureydys Tony Blair. Ny yei'n taartys echey, ghow William Hague yn ynnyd ec Major myr fer toshee yn phartee, agh hannee eh myr Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl derrey dirree eh ass Quaiyl Hostyn ayns ard-reihys ny bleeaney 2001.
James Callaghan

Va **Leonard James Callaghan, Barran Callaghan Chayr Deeth** (27 Mart 1912 - 26 Mart 2005) ny Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit veih 1976 derrey 1979 as ny 'er toshee er Partee yn Lught Obbyr veih 1976 derrey 1980.
Douglas Hyde

Va **Douglas Hyde** ny **Dubhghlas de hÍde** ayns Yernish (17 Jerrey Geuree 1860 - 12 Jerrey Souree 1949) ny ard-schoillar Anglo-Yernagh ny Yernish. V'eh ny chied Eaghtyrane Nerin veih 1938 derrey 1945. Chur eh Commeeys ny Yernish (Conradh na Gaeilge) er bun, as eh nane jeh ny sheshaghtyn cultooragh smoo cleaynagh ayns Nerin.
Erskine Hamilton Childers

Va **Erskine Hamilton Childers** (11 Nollick 1905 - 17 Sauin 1974) ny chiarroo Eaghtyrane Nerin veih 1973 derrey laa e vaaish ayns 1974. V'eh ny TD (Oltey yn Dáil) veih 1938 derrey 1973. Va Childers ny Hirveishagh er Post as Çhellegraf (1951-1954, 1959-1961, as 1966-1969), ny Hirveishagh er Thallooyn (1957-1959), ny Hirveishagh Arraghey as Lectraghys (1959-1969), as ny Hirveishagh Slaynt (1969-1973). V'eh reiht myr Tánaiste er Pobblaght Nerin ayns 1969.

Va'n ayr echey Robert Erskine Childers ny phobblaghtagh Yernagh as ughtar y lioar pheeikearys ta cur er creau *[[The Riddle of the Sands]]*, as v'eh currit gys baase car Caggey Theayagh Nerin.
Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh

Va **Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh** (12 Toshiaght Arree 1911 - 21 Mart 1978) ny wheigoo Eaghtyrane Nerin veih 1974 derrey 1976. Dirree eh ass yn oik ny yei arganeys lesh y reiltys.
Patrick Hillery

Va **Patrick John "Paddy" Hillery** (Yernish: *Pádraig Seán Ó hIrighile*; 2 Boaldyn 1923 - 12 Averil 2008) ny pholitickeyr jeh'n phartee politickagh Fianna Fáil as ny sheyoo Eaghtyrane Nerin veih 1976 derrey 1990.
Vigdís Finnbogadóttir

Va **Vigdís Finnbogadóttir** ([vɪɣtis fɪnpɔɣatoʊhtɪr]) (ruggit er 15 Averil 1930) ny kiarroo eaghtyrane er yn Eeslynn veih 1980 derrey 1996. V'ee ny kied ven dy ve reiht myr eaghtyrane 'sy theihll.

V'ee ruggit ayns Reykjavík er 15 Averil 1930. Va'n ayr eck ny yeshaghteyr shivoil as ny olloo ayns Ollooscoill ny h-Eeslynn chammah. Va'n vayr eck ny boandyr as ny caairliagh er Sheshaght Boandyryn ny h-Eeslynn. Ny yei çheet ny teisht maireanagh lhee ayns 1949, ren Vigdís studeyrys er y Rangish as lettyraght ny Frangish ayns Ollooscoill Ghrenoble as y Sorbonne ayns Paarys eddyr ny bleeantyn 1949 as 1953, shennaghys y theater ayns Ollooscoill København, as hooar ee keim ayns ellynyn ayns Frangish as Baarle, chammah as PCGE, ayns Ollooscoill yn Eeslynn.

## Kianglaghyn magh

*CV oikoil 
*Co-akin feeshan liorish Scoill Studeyrys-Sheelnaue ayns Ollooscoill yn Eeslynn
Kristján Eldjárn

Va'n **Olloo Kristján Eldjárn** (6 Nollick 1916 - 14 Mean Fouyir 1982) ny treeoo eaghtyrane er yn Eeslynn veih 1968 derrey 1980.

Dirree eh ass Ollooscoil København lesh keim ayns shenndaaleeaght as v'eh ny 'er ynsee ayns Ollooscoill ny h-Eeslynn. Ayns 1957 hooar eh ollooaght ry hoi yn aaronsey echey ayns oanluckee paganagh 'syn Eeslynn. V'eh ny 'er ynsee ayns Scoill Grammar Akureyri as Colleish Stiureydys ayns Reykjavík, roish haink er dy ve ny veoir ayns Thie Tashtee Ashoonagh ny h-Eeslynn ayns 1945 as dy ve ny Stiureyder er ayns 1947. Hannee eh 'syn oik shen derrey ard-reihys eaghtyraneagh ny bleeaney 1968.
Mary Robinson

Va **Mary Therese Winifred Robinson** (Yernish: *Máire Mhic Róibín*; ruggit er 21 Boaldyn 1944) ny shiaghtoo Eaghtyrane Nerin eddyr ny bleeantyn 1990 as 1997, as v'ee ny h-Ard-varrantagh ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit ry hoi Kiartyn Deiney veih 1997 derrey 2002. Dirree ee gys ard-cheim 'sy theihll politickagh myr scoillar, leighder as oltey Seanad Éireann (1969-1989). Chur ee Brian Patrick Lenihan ass Fianna Fáil, as Austin Currie ass Fine Gael fo haartys ayns ard-reihys eaghtyraneagh ny bleeaney 1990, as haink urree, lesh pohlldey Partee yn Lught Obbyr, dy ve ny kied eaghtyrane va reiht gyn pohlldey Fianna Fáil. Chammah as shen, v'ee ny kied ven-eaghtyrane 'sy Phobblaght.
Ogham

She abbyrlhit mean-eashagh leah eh **Ogham** (Shenn Yernish  , Yernish yeianagh  ny ).  Ta ymmyd jeant jeh son dy screeu Shenn Yernish son y chooid smoo (as ny keayrtyn, shennayr Bretnagh ny Bretnish) .

Ta mysh 400 screeuyn Ogham er mayrn, er claghyn ayns Nerin as Bretin Vooar.  Ta'n chooid smoo jeu ayns linney eddyr Kerree (ayns Nerin Yiass) as Dyfed (ayns Bretin Yiass).  Ta'n chooid elley nyn soie ayns Nerin Hiar-Yiass, Nalbin Heear, Mannin, as creeagh Ghevon as ny Corn.  She enmyn sleih t'ayn son y chooid smoo.

Cha nel bun-ocklaght vaghtal ec y fockle *ogham*.  Foddee dy row eh bentyn rish Yernish  (*rinn-whomm*), ta çheet er "whomm" jeant liorish rinn wappin.

Ta screeuyn Ogham cooinaghtagh ry-akin ayns Nerin as Bretin, as beggan beg elley ayns Mannin, Sostyn, Nalbin as Shetlynn.  Son y chooid smoo, she cowraghyn shellooderaght as claghyn cooinaghtyn v'ayn.  Cha nel agh un screeuyn ayn bentyn rish peiagh as enney er ain: clagh cooinaghtyn Vortiporius, va ny ree Dyfed 'sy 6oo eash..  Son y chooid smoo, she Yernish Bunneydagh as Shenn Yernish va screeut oc, er-lhimmey jeh adsyn ayns Nalbin: ny ta screeut orroo, s'cosoylagh dy nee Pictish t'ayn.

## Imraaghyn
Bertie Ahern

Ta **Patrick Bartholomew "Bertie" Ahern** (Yernish: *Pádraig Parthalán Ó hEachthairn*; ruggit er 12 Mean Fouyir 1951) ny pholitickeyr Yernagh. V'eh ny Haoiseach veih 26 Mean Souree 1997 derrey 7 Boaldyn 2008.

Ta Ahern ny TD da'n choheiyderys Divlyn Meanagh veih 1977.
Seán Lemass

Va **Seán Francis Lemass** (15 Jerrey Souree 1899 - 11 Boaldyn 1971) nane jeh politickeyryn Yernagh ard-ghooagh y 20-oo eash. V'eh ny Haoiseach veih 1959 derrey 1966.

V'eh ny henn sidoor jeh Irree magh ny Caisht 'sy vlein 1916, Caggey Seyrsnys Nerin as Caggey Theayagh Nerin. Ny yei ny caggaghyn v'eh reiht myr TD da'n choheiyderys Divlyn Yiass ayns fo-reihys er 18 Sauin 1924 as hannee eh ny TD derrey yn choyrt seose echey ayns 1969. V'eh nane jeh kiaddeyderyn y phartee politickagh Fianna Fáil ayns 1926, as v'eh ny Hirveishagh Çhynskyl as Dellal, ny Hirveishagh Cooid as Tánaiste ayns reiltyssyn Fianna Fáil eiyrtyssagh.
John Bruton

Va **John Gerrard Bruton** (; 18 Boaldyn 1947 &ndash; 6 Toshiaght Arree 2024) ny nuyoo Taoiseach Nerin. Va Bruton ny hirveishagh fo daa haoiseach, Liam Cosgrave as Garret FitzGerald. V'eh ny Hirveishagh Argidys (1981-82 as 1986-87), as ny Hirveishagh Çhynskyl, Traght, Dellal & Turrysid (1983-86). Haink eh dy ve ny 'er toshee er Fine Gael 'sy vlein 1990 as v'eh reiht myr Taoiseach 'sy vlein 1994 as hannee eh ny Haoiseach derrey 1997.

Va Bruton reiht da'n chied cheayrt da Dáil Éireann myr TD da Coontae yn Vee ayns 1969, as hannee eh ayn derrey yn coyrt seose echey ayns 2004. Ec y traa t'ayn nish t'eh ny Ambasseydeyr yn Unnaneys Oarpagh gys ny Steatyn Unnaneysit. Chammah as shen, t'eh ny eear-hoshiagh jeh'n Phartee Theayagh Oarpagh.
Inis Bigil

She ellan eh **Inis Bigil** (Baarle: *Inishbiggle*; Yernish son "Ellan Trostey") ta ny lhie eddyr coose hiar hwoaie yn ellan Aghill as y çheer vooar. Ta'n ellan so-roshtynagh er baatey veih Baile Chruaich ny veih Béal an Bhulláin er Aghill. Myrane lesh y vaatey ta'n ellan so-roshtynagh liorish purt vennaltagh lane-hoilshit son roshtyn egin. Ta'n ellan 1.6 km² er eaghtyr, as ec y traa t'ayn, ta 23 cummaltee er. Va scoill as oik y phost ry-gheddyn er yn ellan agh t'ad doont nish.
Reachra

Ta **Reachra** (Baarle: *Lambay;* Norse: *Lambey* ) ny lhie magh veih coose hwoaie Choontae Ghivlyn, heose veih Inis Mac Neasáin. 

## Imraaghyn
Aran Vooar

She **Aran Vooar** (ennym oikoil Yernish: *Árainn Mhór*, Baarle: *Arranmore*) yn ellan cummaltit smoo ayns Coontae Ghoon ny Ghoal, as y nah ellan smoo cummaltit ayns Nerin, lesh 528 cummaltee 'sy vlein 2006, earroo ta ny sloo na'n 543 'sy vlein 2002. Ta'n ellan ny choid jeh Gaeltacht Ghoon ny Ghoal. Ayns Baarle, ta'n ennym *Aran Island* currit urree ny keayrtyn. Ayns Yernish, va'n ellan er fys myr *Árainn*, as cha row yn marennym *mór* ("mooar") currit urree agh er y gherrid. Ta'n ennym Yernish, *Árainn Uí Dhomhnaill*, currit urree ny keayrtyn.

## Boayl
Ta'n ellan ny lhie 5 km (3 mi) magh veih Ailt an Chorráin as ta daa hirveish vaatey assaig - fer ta ny vaatey assaig cadjincliaghtit, ta aaghtey 128 troailtee choshee as carbid jeh chooilley mooadys, as eh er yn ushtey er feie 25 - 30 minnidyn, as fer elley ta ny vaatey assaig tappee as eh er yn ushtey er feie 5 minnidyn. Ta'n daa hirveish roie dagh laa er feie ny bleeaney.

## Buill as baljyn beggey
* Athphort
* Baile an tSratha
* An Leadhb Gharbh
* Leadhb Reannach
* Poll an Mhadaidh
* Screig an tSeabhaic
* Na Tuartha
* An Uillinn

## Kianglaghyn mooie
*Ynnyd-eggey Oikoil Árainn Mhór
*Shirveish Vaatey Assaig Árainn Mhór
*Shirveish Vaatey Assaig Árainn Mhór
*Shirveish Vaatey Assaig Happee
Reeriaght (bea-oaylleeaght)

Ayns rang-oardraghey bea-oaylleeagh, she rank rang-oardragh ee **reeriaght** (**regnum**). V'ee cliaghtey ve kione y chorys, agh rere rang-oardraghey jeinagh, ta **[[ard-reeriaght (bea-oaylleeaght)|ard-reeriaght]]** (ny **çhiarnys**) er-e-skyn. Ta dagh reeriaght er ny rheynn ayns phyla.

Ny rankyn rang-oardraghey, t'adsyn bea, ard-reeriaght, reeriaght, phylum, rang, oardagh, kynney, genus, as dooie. Ta clade ayn chammah, agh cha nel adsyn freggyrtagh rish rang-oardraghey Linneagh.

Hug Carolus Linnaeus ennym er daa reeriaght: Animalia son baaghyn as Vegetabilia son lossreeyn. Va fir elley echey chammah: Mineralia, son meainyn. Rheynn eh adsyn ayns rangyn, as hug ad ny rangyn ayns possanyn: phyla da beiyn as Rheynn da lossreeyn. Dy moal, haink eh dy ve baghtal dy row yn anchaslys prokaryota/eukaryota feer scanshoil.

Hug Ernst Haeckel geill da mynorganee ayns 1866, myr y shenn reeriaght protista (cha nel ad nyn reeriaght jiu), as adsyn er nyn eddyrscarrey nish ayns Archaea as Bacteyryn.  Cha row fungyssyn er nyn eddyrscarrey veih lossreeyn derrey 1969, liorish Robert Whittaker.

Dy cadjin, t'ad cur enney da shey reeriaghtyn:
* Animalia
* Plantae
* Fungi
* Protista
* Bacteria
* Archaea
agh ny keayrtyn, vees oo fakin yn ard-reeriaght Prokaryota ayns ynnyd jeh Bacteria as Archaea, ny Bacteria ynrican gyn Archaea.

## Imraaghyn
Queiggey Chubut

Ta **Chubut** (, ) ny wheiggey 'sy Phatagoan ayns jiass ny yn Argenteen ta ny lhie eddyr ny linnaghyn dowan-lheead 42° yiass (ta jannoo yn joarey rish Queiggey Río Negro) as 46° yiass (ta creeaghney rish Queiggey Santa Cruz), ny h-Andeeyn ta scarrey yn Argenteen veih'n Çhillee, as y Cheayn Sheear. Ta ennym y wheiggey çheet magh ass yn 'ockle Tehuelche *chupat*, as keeal yn 'ockle t'ayn na "tarhoilshagh", y cur sheese oc er yn awin Chubut.

She Comodoro Rivadavia 'sy jiass y balley smoo 'sy wheiggey lesh 125,000 cummaltee, agh she Rawson y preeu-valley. T'ad Porth Madryn, Trelew, Esquel as Sarmiento ny baljyn mooarey elley. She laare-ynnyd cultooragh as pobbylagh yn ard *[[Y Wladfa]]* eh Gaiman, raad dy vel co-ghlooaghey Argenteenee Vretnagh ayn. Ta mygeayrt 25,000 Bretnisheyryn ayns Chubut, as ad nyn gummal 'sy valjyn Bretnagh Trelew as Trevelin.



## Aarheynnyn politickagh

Ta'n queiggey rheynnit ayns 15 rheynnyn
(Spaainish: *departamentos*).

Rheynn (Preeu-valley)
 
# Cushamen (Cushamen)
# Escalante (Comodoro Rivadavia)
# Florentino Ameghino (Camarones)
# Futaleufú (Esquel)
# Gaiman (Gaiman)
# Gastre (Gastre)
# Languiñeo (Tecka)
# Mártires (Las Plumas)
# Paso de Indios (Paso de Indios)
# Rawson (Rawson)
# Río Senguer (Alto Río Senguer)
# Sarmiento (Sarmiento)
# Tehuelches (José de San Martín)
# Telsen (Telsen)
# Biedma (Puerto Madryn)
Clade

She possan monophyletagh ee **clade**; dy ghra myr shen, possan jeant magh jeh un hennayr ynrican as dagh ooilley cloan echey.  Cha nod y possan faagail magh cloan erbee.  Ayns possan mooar, s'cosoylagh dy bee yn çhennayr chadjin oc marroo, as ymmodee cloan chammah .  Cha nel feme erbee ec clade er fir t'er mayrn foast.

Ta bun Greagish ec y fockle: **, *klados*, "banglane".

## Aayannoo rang-oardraghey
Cha row cladeyn ec Rang-oardraghey Linnaeagh, as bun y chorys shen caslysyn jalloo-oaylleeagh eddyr organeyn bioag.  She keimoalaght neulhoobagh t'ec y chorys Linnaeagh; cha nel ny daa chorys (Rang-oardraghey Linnaeagh as Cladeaght) freggyrtagh, dy feer.
Rere rang-oardraghey Linnaeagh, shegin da organe bioag ve ny hoie ayns keimoalaght neulhoobagh dy taxa, as ooilley ny rankyn shoh y ve er: dooie, genus, kynney, oardagh, rang, phylum as reeriaght.  Ta'n corys shoh feer ymmydoil son oardraghey, myr sampleyr, çhaglymyn mooarey ayns thieyn-tashtey; ny yei shen, cha nel eh cho mie son taishbyney mooinjerys ta caghlaa rish y traa (trooid aafilley).

Chammah's shen, cha nel organeyn bioag oardraghey ad hene dy caaoil, as myr shen, cha nod ymmyd rankyn ve corrym car y chorys.  Cha nel keimyn soit ec cladeyn, as myr shen, foddee oo jannoo clade ec keim erbee.

## Notyn


## Imraaghyn
1892

## Taghyrtyn
* 15 Mart - Va Liverpool Football Club currit er bun liorish John Houlding, shellooder ny staid Anfield.
* 1 Averil - Va'n ard-valley Maebashi bunnit liorish y samurai Makuba Kawai.

## Ruggyryn
* 3 Jerrey Geuree - J. R. R. Tolkien, olloo as ughtar y lioar *[[The Lord of the Rings]]* (b. 1973)
* 23 Jerrey Souree - Haile Selassie I, impir ny h-Eetoip (b. 1975)
* 4 Mee ny Nollick - Francisco Franco, jaghteyr ny Spaainey (b. 1975)

## Baaseyn
* 11 Mee ny Nollick - William Milligan, jeeaghteyr Albinagh (r. 1821)
Çhengoaylleeaght y Vaarle

Ta'n art shoh resooney er çhengoaylleeaght ny Baarle.

### Artyn
Ta daa art ec y Vaarle: art neuhoilshaghey as art kinjagh.

### Keintys
Va keintys scanshoil da Shenn Vaarle, agh cha nel agh lorg da ry-akin nish:
* Ta keintysyn ec farenmyn unnaneagh treeoo phersoon: bwoirrinagh (she/her/her); firrinagh (he/him/his); naeear (it/it/its); as cummey neuchruinn (one/one/one's).
* Ta jerraghyn firrinagh as bwoirrinagh er lheh ec kuse dy 'ocklyn.  Ny yei shen, dy cadjin ta sleih jannoo ymmyd jeh'n chummey "firrinagh" ayns dy chooilley cooish.
** *-or* ny *-ress* : myr sampleyr,  (fir.),  (bwo.) - "cloieder", "ben chloie"
** *-ess* bwoirrinagh: myr sampleyr,  (fir.),  (bwo.) - "prinse", "ben-phrinse"
** *-tor* ny *-trix* : cha nel ymmyd jeant jeh ny focklyn bwoirrinagh dy mennick nish: myr sampleyr,  (fir.),  (bwo.) - "reagheyder"
***Ta  (bwo.) ("ard-chione" ayns cooishyn keintyssagh) ry-akin  feer ny smoo cadjin na'n fockle firrinagh ()
* Ta daa chummey ec y fockle  ("fynn, bane" bentyn rish folt, ny peiagh as folt fynn echey)

### Farmenmyn

Ta ymmodee cummaghyn ec farenmyn y Vaarle.  T'ad caghlaa rere case (ennymagh, cassidagh/toyrtagh, ny shellooagh).  Chammah's shen, ta cummaghyn aaillagh oc, as cummaghyn crogheydagh as neuchrogheydagh ec ny farenmyn shellooagh.  Myr sampleyr, t'ad eddyrscarrey  ("shoh y lioar aym") as  ("t'eh ayms"):

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### Breearyn

#### Breearyn reiltagh

Ta kiare cummaghyn yn-filleydagh ec breearyn ny Baarle: cummaghyn chaie (pretereitagh) as neuchaie, as ny rangoilyn chaie as laaragh.  Ta emshiryn jeant liorish ny cummaghyn shoh as breearyn coonee.

Ta'n taabyl shoh taishbyney cummaghyn y vreear  (*shooyl*) ayns Baarle chadjinit.   Ta ymmodee cummaghyn elley ec abbyrtyn ny çhengey.

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### Emshiryn

Ta ny sampleyryn shoh taishbyney emshiryn ny Baarle bentyn rish y vreear , "shooyl".

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## Imraaghyn
Alineg

Ta **Alineg** (, Gallo: *Aleinoec*) ny chommyoon beg ayns y *département* Frangagh Aodoù-an-Arvor ayns y Vritaan hwoaie.
Andel

Ta **Andel** (Galloish: *Andèu*) ny chommyoon beg ayns y *département* Frangagh Aodoù-an-Arvor ayns y Vritaan hwoaie.
NGC 2207 as IC 2163

Ta **NGC 2207 as IC 2163** nyn go-rollageyssyn caslagh ta nyn lhie mygeayrt 144 millioonyn sollys-vleeantyn ersooyl ayns co-hollys rollageagh Canis Major.  Va'n daa jeu feddynit magh liorish John Herschel 'sy vlein 1835.  Veih'n vlein shen va tree far-rollageyn noa er baghtal ayns NGC 2207 (SN 1975A, SN 1999ec as SN 2003H). Ec y traa t'ayn ta NGC 2207 roostey IC 2163.

## Co-rollageyssyn co-vuilley

Ec y traa t'ayn ta NGC 2207 co-vuilley as co-vestey rish IC 2163.  Agh, neuchosoylagh rish ny h-ard-chruinnaghtyn NGC 4038 as NGC 4676, t'ad foast nyn ard-chruinnaghtyn caslagh lhieu hene, ansherbee.  Cha nel ad agh ayns ny kied cheimyn jeh covuilley ny covestey.  Ta rollageyderyn credjal dy bee ny h-ard-chruinnaghtyn shen nyn ard-chruinnaght eelipsagh ny yei billioon dy vleeantyn

## Imraaghyn

## Jeeagh er neesht
* NGC 4038
* NGC 4676
* Arp 299

## Kianglaghyn magh
* '''SIMBAD''': NGC 2207
* '''SIMBAD''': IC 2163
* '''HST''': A grazing encounter between two spiral galaxies
* '''APOD''': Spiral Galaxies in Collision (11/9/1999)
* NGC 2207/IC 2163
*NGC 2207 ec ESA/Hubble
* Duillag Fodreayrtan Spoar Spitzer er NGC 2207 as IC 2163
Caernarfon

Ta **Caernarfon** (shenn-enmyn Baarlagh: *Caernarvon*, *Carnarvon*) ny valley reeoil ayns Gwynedd, heear hwoaie Vretin.

Ta ennym y valley çheet magh ass y Vretnish *Caer yn Arfon* ny "Cashtal ayns Arfon" as eh çheet er y doon Raueagh, Segontium. Ta'n fockle *Arfon* hene çheet magh ass yn abbyrt "[ard] ta cur oaie rish Moan ny ''Môn''".
Dinan

Ta **Dinan** ny valley boallit ayns y *département* Frangagh Aodoù-an-Arvor ayns y Vritaan hwoaie.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Ynnyd-eggey choonseil y valley
Bronn

Ta **Bronn** (, Gallo: *Bron*) ny chommyoon 'sy *département* Frangagh Aodoù-an-Arvor 'sy Vritaan ayns sheear hwoaie ny Frank. Ta kiangley shuyr-valjagh ec y valley rish y valley Baveyragh Neufahrn i.NB veih'n vlein 1971.

Ta'n ennym Frangish *Broonais* currit er cummaltee yn valley.
Ar C'hembod

Ta **ar C'hambod** (, Galloish: *Le Canbót*) ny chommyoon 'sy *département* Frangagh Aodoù-an-Arvor 'sy Vritaan ayns sheear hwoaie ny Frank.

Ta'n ennym Frangish *Cambutiades* currit er cummaltee yn valley.
Uzel

Ta **Uzel** ny chommyoon 'sy *département* Frangagh Aodoù-an-Arvor 'sy Vritaan ayns sheear hwoaie ny Frank. T'eh ny lhie mygeayrt 100 km veih Roazhon as 15 km veih Loudieg.

Ta'n ennym Frangish *Uzelais* currit er cummaltee yn valley.
Plerin

Ta **Plerin** (, Galloish: *Plérein*) ny chommyoon 'sy *département* Frangagh Aodoù-an-Arvor 'sy Vritaan ayns sheear hwoaie ny Frank. Ta Plerin ny lhie faggys da Sant-Brieg rish Mooir yn Eeaght.

Ta'n ennym Frangish *Plérinais* currit er cummaltee yn valley.
Penny Arcade (caslys-skeeal eddyr-voggyl)

She caslys-skeeal eddyr-voggyl eh ***Penny Arcade***, ayns cummey scheim aitt dy hree kerrinyn, son y chooid smoo.  Ghow eh toshiaght ayns 1998, er yn ynnyd-eggey *loonygames*. Ta ynnyd-eggey nyn hene ec Holkins as Krahulik nish, as scheim noa jeant oc tree keayrtyn y çhiaghtin, son y chooid smoo.  Ta blog ec yn ynnyd-eggey myrgeddin, as raaghyn noa er dy mennick.

Ta *Penny Arcade* mastey ny caslys-skeealyn eddyr-voggyl smoo t'ayn, mastey adsyn bentyn da cloieyn er lheh. Chammah's y scheim aitt, ta *Penny Arcade* reaghey Child's Play, ny sheshaght ghiastyllagh, as cruinnaght chloie vleinoil ("PAX").

## Aundyryn
Ayns Mee Vayrnt 2009, chossyn Penny Arcade *Best Webcomic* (*Caslys-skeeal Eddyr-voggyl Share*) ayns ny Project Fanboy Awards 2008.

Ayns Mee Vayrnt 2009, ghow Holkins as Krahulik aundyryn oikoil jeh'n Washington State House of Representatives as Washington State Senate, er coontey nyn gohortysyn dys yn çhynskyl co-earrooder as gamman co-earrooder, as nyn obbyr giastyllagh.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn mooie

*''Penny Arcade''
*Child's Play Charity
*''Penny Arcade'' Expo (PAX) 
*''Greenhouse''
*''Downloadable Content: The Penny Arcade Podcast''
Enez Vriad

Ta **Enez Vriad** () ny h-ellan ta ny lhie faggys da Pempoull, un veeilley magh veih coose ny Britaan. Dy reiragh t'ee ny commyoon 'sy *département* Frangagh Aodoù-an-Arvor 'sy Vritaan ayns sheear hwoaie ny Frank.

Ta Enez Vriad ny h-ellanragh ta jeant seose jeh daa ellan, as ad scarrit rish hene ec mullagh ny marrey ynrican, as ram ellanyn beggey elley. Ta enney share er yn ellanragh er son ny claghyn tryalagh bane-yiarg ayn.

Ta'n ennym Frangish *Bréhatins* currit er cummaltee yn valley.
Kallag

Ta **Kallag** () ny chommyoon 'sy *département* Frangagh Aodoù-an-Arvor 'sy Vritaan ayns sheear hwoaie ny Frank. Ta Kallag ny lhie 30 km sheear yiass veih Gwengamp as 20 km shiar hwoaie veih Karaez-Plougêr ayns Penn-ar-Bed.

Ta'n ennym Frangish *Callacois* currit er cummaltee yn valley.
Morgannwg Ganol

She coontae freilt Vretin eh **Morgannwg Ganol** (ny **Mid Glamorgan**), as eshyn ny hoie ayns Bretin Yiass.  
 
## Shennaghys
Eddyr 1974 as 1996, rere'n Local Government Act 1972, va Morgannwg Canol ny choontae jeh shey slyst.  

*Cynon Valley
*Ogwr
*Merthyr Tudful
*Rhondda
*Cwm Rhymni
*Taf-Elai

Hie eh er astyrt, marish y choyrle choontae, er 1 Averil 1996, rere'n Local Government (Wales) Act 1994.  Rheynn ee ayns kiare: Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr, Merthyr Tudful, Rhondda Cynon Taf as rheynn dy Chaerffili.

Hie ny baljyn Y Wig (Wick), Sant-y-brid (St Brides Major) as Ewenny dys y valley corpagh Bro Morgannwg, as hie Pentyrch dys Cayr Deeth.  Myr shen, haink ad dy ve ayns y choontae freilt De Morgannwg.  Ayns 2003 ren ad caghlaa creeaghyn y choontae freilt, as myr shen, ta Caerffili ooilley ayns Gwent.

## Jiu
Ta'n ennym *Morgannwg Ganol* freilt echey son obbyr jesh-chliaghtagh ynrican, myr sampleyr, y Lord Lieutenant.

## Imraaghyn
Clwyd

She coontae freilt Vretin eh **Clwyd**, ny hoie ayns Bretin Hiar Hwoaie.  T'eh çhemmit liorish Sostyn as Cheshire 'sy çhiar, Shropshire 'sy çhiar yiass, Gwynedd 'sy çheear as Powys 'sy jiass. Er yn Awin Dee, t'eh çhemmit liorish Merseyside.
 
Eddyr 1974 as 1996, va Clwyd ny choontae reiragh jeh shey slystyn, as coonceil choontae echey.  Ta'n ennym echey rere'n Awin Clwyd, as eshyn roie trooid yn ard.  V'eh ny choontae post derrey 1996, tra hie y corys coondaeghyn postey er astyrt.  Va'n coonceil choontae ny soie ayns y valley coontae, Yr Wyddgrug.
 
## Shennaghys
Va Clwyd jeant ayns 1974 rere'n Local Government Act 1972.  Haink ry-cheilley ny coondaeghyn reiragh Sir y Fflint as cooid mooar dy Sir Ddinbych, chammah's yn Ard Çheerey Edeirnion jeh Sir Feirionydd.  Rere y phlan shoh, by Chlwyd eh coontae Vretin ynrican nagh ghow ennym jeh shenn reeriaght.
 
### Slystyn Chlwyd
Va shey slystyn ec Clwyd: 
*Alun a Glannau Dyfrdwy  (Alyn and Deeside)
*Colwyn
*Delyn
*Glyndŵr
*Rhuddlan
*Wrecsam Maelor (Wrexham Maelor)

Hie ad er astyrt, marish y choyrle choontae, er 1 Averil 1996.  Rheynn eh ayns kiare coondaeghyn noa:
*Conwy
*Sir Ddinbych
*Sir y Fflint
*Wrecsam

## Jiu
Ta ymmodee sheshaght ynnydoil jannoo ymmyd jeh'n ennym "Clwyd".  T'adsyn goaill stiagh:
*Clwyd Theatr Cymru ayns Yr Wyddgrug
*Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust
*Clwyd League
*Clwyd Area Scouts
*Clwyd County Darts Association
 
Ta rheynnyn reihys lught teiy ayns Bretin Hiar Hwoaie rere Clwyd myrgeddin, chammah's y Treisht SLA Vretin Hwoaie.  Ta Shirveishyn Meoiryn-Shee as Brigaid Aile (Gwasanaeth Tân ac Achub Gogledd Cymru) as Meoiryn Shee Vretin Hwoaie gobbraghey er feie ny daa choontae freilt Clwyd as Gwynedd.

## Imraaghyn
Gwent

She coontae freilt Vretin eh **Gwent**, as eshyn ny hoie ayns Bretin Yiass.  Hug ad yn ennym er rere'n çhenn Reeriaght Gwent.
 
## Shennaghys
Eddyr 1974 as 1996, rere'n Local Government Act 1972, va Gwent ny choontae jeh queig slyst.  
*Blaenau Gwent
*Islwyn
*Monmouth
*Newport
*Torfaen

Hie eh er astyrt, marish y choyrle choontae, er 1 Averil 1996. Rheynn eh ayns queig: Casnewydd (Newport), Blaenau Gwent, Torfaen, Caerffili (Caerphilly) as Sir Fynwy (Monmouthshire).

## Jiu
Ta'n ennym *Gwent* ry-akin foast myr coontae Freilt son obbyr jesh-chliaghtagh, as ayns enmyn: myr sampleyr, Heddlu Gwent (Gwent Police), Royal Gwent Hospital, Coleg Gwent as possan ruggyr Dreigiau Casnewydd Gwent (Newport Gwent Dragons).

## Imraaghyn
Karaez-Plougêr

Ta **Karaez-Plougêr** () ny chommyoon 'sy *département* Frangagh Penn-ar-Bed 'sy Vritaan ayns sheear hwoaie ny Frank.

Ta'n ennym Frangish *Carhaisiens* currit er cummaltee yn valley.

## Shuyr-valjyn
Ta Karaez-Plougêr lannoonit rish:

*   Oiartzun, y Çheer Vascagh
*  Waldkappel, y Ghermaan
*  Carraig Mhachaire Rois, Nerin
*   Dawlish, Devon, Sostyn
*  Rijnwoude, y Çheer Injil
*  El Arroub, y Phalasteen
Kloar-Fouenant

She commyoon **Kloar-Fouenant** () 'sy *département* Frangagh Penn-ar-Bed 'sy Vritaan ayns sheear-hwoaie y Rank.

Ta'n ennym Frangagh *Cloharsiens* currit er cummaltee yn valley.