open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Blaenau Gwent (reddaghey)

Foddee **Blaenau Gwent** çheet er:
* Blaenau Gwent (coontae), ny cho-chorp coontae
* Blaenau Gwent (rheynn-reih Hionnal Ashoonagh Vretin)
* Blaenau Gwent (rheynn-reih Ard-whaiyl Hostyn)
Coontae Corpagh Caerffili

She co-chorp coontae ayns Bretin Yiass eh **Coontae Corpagh Caerffili**, as y balley Caerffili hene balley reiragh y choontae.

## Baljyn as baljyn beg ayns Caerffili
* Caerffili (Caerphilly)
* Bargoed
* Bedwas
* Coed Duon (Blackwood)
* Risca
* Rhymni (Rhymney)
* Trecelyn (Newbridge)
* Tredegar Newydd (New Tredegar)
* Ystrad Mynach

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn çheumooie
* Ynnyd-eggey turryssagh y lught-reill ynnydoil
Zhengzhou

She **Zhengzhou** (Sheenish aashagh: 郑州; Sheenish hradishoonagh: 鄭州; pinyin: Zhèngzhōu) preeu-valley Henan.
Casnewydd

She coontae as ard-valley ayns Bretyn Yiass eh **Casnewydd**, ta ny hoie er Afon Wysg.  Ta'n ard-valley hene ny valley reiragh er y choontae.  
Ta'n ennym çheet ass *Castell Newydd ar y Wysg*, dy gra myr shen, "Cashtal noa er y Wysg", çheet er cashtal y 12h eash faggys da mean y valley.
Va shenn chashtal breck as bailey ny hoie er Stow Hill.  Cha nel y cashtal shen ry-akin nish.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
*Coonseil Ard-valley Casnewydd
Oltey yn Senedd

She ynnydagh ny theay ayns Parlamaid Vretyn eh **Oltey yn Senedd** ny **OS** (, ).  Ta 60 oltey ayn: 40 as rheynn-reih er lheh oc, as 20 er nyn reih myr ynnydee ardjyn-reihey Vretin.  Ta queig OSyn ec dagh Bretnagh, fer ass y rheynn-reih echey, as kiare ass yn ard-reih.

Ta queig ardjyn-reihey ayn: Bretyn Heear as Meanagh, Bretyn Hwoaie, Bretyn Heear Yiass, Bretyn Hiar Yiass as Bretyn Yiass Veanagh.

## Reihys
Ta olteynyn rheynn-reih goll er reih liorish corys reih kied ghooinney dy valley, agh ta olteynyn ard-reih goll er reih myr corys oltey brash, myr sorçh dy tuarastyllys coreiragh.  Ta dagh soieag goll er reih ec y traa cheddin, dagh kiare bleeantyn.  My ta oltey geddyn baase ny lhiggey sheese, ta'n eiyrtys croghey er y torçh dy hoieag t'ayn.  Ta soieag rheynn-reih goll er aareih liorish fo-reihys, agh my she soieag ardjynagh t'ayn, ta'n nah yeearreyder er y rolley goaill y soieag.
Poagey laue

She poagey mooar lesh cassyn doarnane eh **poagey laue**. Dy cadjin ta cummey fassanagh er poagaghyn laue, as t'ad goll er ymmyd ec mraane dy ymmyrkey nheeghyn persoonagh lheid as wolladyn, sporranyn, cooinaghyn argid, ogheryn, jesheenagyn, skeaban fuilt, tudjeenyn, shooylee, as reddyn elley.

## Sorçhyn dy phoagey laue
* Spagey
* Poagey duffyl
* Poagey post
* Poagey glioonag
* Poagey camerey
* Poagey jesheenagyn ny poagey cosmaidyn
Glackan

She saase obbrinee ta cur streean er gleashaght eh **glackan**. She craag y co-olt contraartagh rish. Dy bunneydagh, ta glackanyn goaill ymmyd jeh screebey dy hyndaa yn vree ghleashiddagh ny hiass, agh foddee dy vel saaseyn elley dy hyndaays bree goll er ymmyd chammah. Myr sampleyr, ta'n çhionney glackanyn aaghiennaghtagh çhyndaa yn chooid smoo jeh'n vree lectragh as ee goll er stoyral son ymmyd ny s'anmey. Ta saaseyn elley çhyndaa yn vree ghleashiddagh ny bree chummyssagh ayns cummaghyn stoyrit lheid as aer çhionnit as ooill hionnit. Ta glackanyn stroo eeiree goaill ymmyd jeh magheryn magnaidagh dy hyndaa yn vree ghleashiddagh ny stroo lectragh ayns jysk, frioggan, ny railley glackan as ee er ny çhyndaa ny çhiass. Ta saaseyn elley çhyndaa yn vree ghleashiddagh ayns cummaghyn elley, goaill stiagh astreeaghey yn vree ayns queeyl chassee hyndaaee.

Dy cadjin, ta glackanyn currit rish essylyn çhyndaaee ny rish queeyllyn, agh foddee dy vel cummaghyn elley orroo lheid as crackan ushlaght ghleashagh (flabbagyn ta goll er scarrey magh ayns ushtey ny aer). Ta carbid ennagh goaill ymmyd jeh obbraghyssyn glackanee co-vestit, lheid as gleashtanyn ratçhal sleaydey as glackanyn queeyllagh as parashuityn oc, as etlanyn as glackanyn queeyllagh as flibbagyn sleaydey ta goll er yrjaghey 'syn aer car y tarlheimey.

Er yn oyr dy vel y vree ghleashiddagh bishaghey dy kerrinagh lesh bieauid (K = mv^2/2), ta keead keayrtyn ny smoo bree ec nhee ta gleashagh er 10 meadaryn 'sy tullagh ny t'ec nhee ta goll er 1 veadar 'sy tullagh, as rere shen ta'n foddeeaght ghlackaney, tra ta'n nhee goll fo glackaney ec y chagliagh tayrney, 100 keayrtyn ny s'liurey. Dy feer, ansherbee, ta sleaydey aeragh mooar ec carbid happee as ta'n vree ta goll er coayl rere yn tayrn aeragh gyrjaghey lesh bieauid.

Ta sorçh ennagh dy ghlackan er y chooid smoo dy charbid wheeyllagh, feeu er cairtyn poagaght as cairtyn shappal son ymmyd er ardaneyn gleashagh. Ta glackanyn queeyllagh soit er focharriads jeh'n chooid smoo jeh etlanyn. Ta glackanyn aer ymmydit ec kuse d'etlanyn as ad goll er ymmyd dy chur streean er y vieauid oc as ad getlagh. Ta sampleyryn ennoil goaill stiagh foilleyryn as etlanyn ennagh veih traa yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh, kuse vie d'etlanyn caggee as etlanyn bleaystan thummey ny mast'oc. T'ad lhiggey da ny h-etlanyn veih getlagh er bieauid sauçhey tra t'ad tuittym dy geyre. Ren yn etlan bleaystan thummey Saab B 17 ymmyd jeh'n focharriads scarrit magh myr glackan aer.

Ta glackanyn screebey er gleashtanyn stoyral y çhiass glackaney 'sy ghlackan stoandey ny 'sy ghlackan jysk tra ta'n gleashtan glackaney as ta'n çhiass astreeit beggan er veggan gys yn aer. Ta carbid ennagh goaill ymmyd jeh ny jeshaghtyn oc son dy ghlackaney chammah.

Tra ta cassagh glackan ayns carbyd noa-emshyragh lesh glackanyn ushtey-obbragh brooit ta sooaghan broojey aashag y ghlackan rish y ghlackan jysk as t'eh shen moalaghey yn carbyd. Ta obbraid chosoyllagh taghyrt er glackanyn stoandey raad ta'n rollian broojey ny braagyn glackan rish y stoandey as yn obbraid shen moalaghey yn carbyd.
Gourhael

She commyoon ayns rheynn Mor-Bihan ny Britaan ayns sheear hwoaie ny Frank eh **Gourhael** ().

Ta'n ennym Frangish *Gourhelois* currit er cummaltee yn valley.
Steve Jobs

She greeseyder as ynlaghteyr co-earrooderyn Americaanagh va **Steven Paul "Steve" Jobs** (24 Toshiaght Arree 1955 – 5 Jerrey Fouyir 2011). She co-vunneyder, caairliagh, as ard-offishear sheckteragh er Apple Inc. v'eh. Roish shen, ren eh gobbraghey myr ard-sheckter lesh y cholught bioghys Pixar Animation Studios, as haink eh dy ve ny oltey jeh bing stiureyderyn y Walt Disney Company 'sy vlein 2006 erreish da kionnaghey Pixar ec Disney. Va'n ennym echey currit er rolley ny cohoyrtee da'n fillym *[[Toy Story]]* (1995) myr ard-stiureyder.

Ayns ny 1970yn jeianagh, ren Jobs (myrane lesh e cho-obbreeyn echey Steve Wozniak, Mike Markkula, as fir elley) kiaddey, lhiasaghey, as cur fer jeh ny chied cho-earrooderyn persoonagh rahoil, straih yn Apple II, er y vargey. Ayns ny 1980yn leah v'eh coontit mastey ny chied deiney ren toiggal cummys traaghtee co-eddin graafagh ymmydeyr jeh Xerox PARC v'er ny stiurey liorish lugh, as eh cur y raad foshlee da crooaght y Macintosh. Chaill eh kestal chummaghtagh lesh bing ny stiureyderyn 'sy vlein 1985, as, rere shen, ren Jobs irree ass Apple as ren eh cur NeXT er bun. She colught lhiasaghey jeh ardaneyn co-earrooderyn v'eh as y colught shen jeeraghey er margaghyn dellal as ynsee s'yrjey. Ren Apple kionnaghey NeXT 'sy vlein 1996 as rere shen hie Jobs reesht stiagh 'sy cholught ren eh co-vunnaghey. Ren eh gobbraghey myr AOS er y cholught shen veih'n vlein 1997 derrey 2011.

'Sy vlein 1986 ren eh kionnaghey rheynn ny graafee cho-earrooderyn jeh Lucasfilm as eh er ny chur magh myr Pixar Animation Studios. Hannee eh ayn myr AOS as y ronnyeder smoo lesh 50.1% jeh ronnaghyn y cholught derrey yn chionnaghey echey liorish The Walt Disney Company 'sy vlein 2006. Rere shen, haink Jobs dy ve ny ronneyder smoo rere ronnaghyn as 7% jeu echey as haink eh dy ve ny oltey jeh Bing Stiureyderyn Disney.

Er 24 Luanistyn 2011 ren eh fogrey magh dy row eh girree ass oik myr AOS er Apple. Er 5 Jerrey Fouyir 2011 v'eh fogrit magh dy dooar Jobs baase as eh 56 bleeaney d'eash.

## Kianglaghyn magh

*  &ndash; duillag chooinaghtyn oikoil ec Apple
* 
* 
* Steve Jobs &ndash; beashnys ec Forbes
* Steven Paul Jobs *The Vault* ec FBI Records
* Steve Jobs ec *The Original Macintosh* liorish Andy Hertzfeld (folklore.org)
* Steve Jobs ec woz.org liorish Steve Wozniak
Rolley ny commyoonyn ayns Bro-Gerne

She nane jeh ny nuy queiggaghyn tradishoonagh 'sy Vritaan eh Bro-Gerne ny Kerne (). T'eh goll er rheynn eddyr 218 commyoonyn. Shoh heese **rolley ny commyoonyn ayns Bro-Gerne**:

*Argol
*Banaleg
*Bei
*Benoded
*Berrien
*Beuzeg-ar-C'hab
*Bodeoù
*Bolazeg
*Boneur
*Bourc'h-Kintin
*Brasparzh
*Brenniliz
*Brieg
*Bulad-Pestivien
*Ar C'hillioù
*Daoulaz
*Dineol
*Dirinonn
*Douarnenez
*Duaod
*Edern
*Eliant
*Enez-Sun
*Enez-Tudi
*An Erge-Vras
*An Eskevien
*Ar Faou
*Ar Faoued
*Ar Forest-Fouenant
*Fouen
*Ar Fouilhez
*Ar Gelveneg
*Gouenac'h
*Gouezeg
*Goulien
*Gourin
*Gourlizon
*Ar Gozh-Korle
*Groñvel
*Gwaien
*Gwareg
*Gwengad
*Gwiler-Kerne
*Gwiskri
*Hañveg
*Irvilhag
*Kalanel
*Kallag
*Kameled
*Kanuhel
*Kaorel
*Karaez-Plougêr
*Karnoed
*Kast
*Kastellin
*Kastell-Nevez-ar-Faou
*Kemeneven
*Kemper
*Kemperle
*Kerbêr
*Kerglof
*Kergrist
*Kergrist-Moeloù
*Kerien
*Kerien-Boulvriag
*Kerlaz
*Kledenn-ar-C'hab
*Kledenn-Poc'hêr
*Kloar-Fouenant
*Kloar-Karnoed
*Kloastr-Pleiben
*Koloreg
*Kombrid
*Koñforzh-Meilar
*Konk-Kerne
*Kore
*Korle
*Kraozon
*Kroeshañveg
*Landelo
*Landevenneg
*Landrevarzeg
*Landudal
*Landudeg
*Langolen
*Langoned
*Lanhervoed
*Lannedern
*Lannejenn
*Lanniskad
*Lannurvan
*Lañveog
*Larruen
*Laz
*Lennon
*Al Leslae
*Leuc'han
*Logonna-Daoulaz
*Lokarn
*Lokeored
*Lokmaria-Berrien
*Lokorn
*Loktudi
*Lokunole
*Loperc'hed
*Lopereg
*Lotei
*Mael-Pestivien
*Magor
*Mahalon
*Meilh-ar-Wern
*Mêl-Karaez
*Mellag
*Mêlwenn
*Merleag
*Molan
*Motrev
*Mur
*Neulieg
*Nevez
*An Ospital
*Paoul
*Penmarc'h
*Pleiben
*Plevin
*Ploeneg
*Ploeven
*Plogastell-Sant-Jermen
*Plogoneg
*Ploneiz
*Ploneour-Lanwern
*Plonevell
*Plonevez-ar-Faou
*Plonevez-Porzhe
*Ploudiern
*Plougastell-Daoulaz
*Plougernevel
*Plougoñ
*Plouie
*Plounevez-Kintin
*Plourac'h
*Plovan
*Ploveilh
*Ploveur
*Plozeved
*Pluguen
*Pluskelleg
*Plusulian
*Pluwenn
*Pont-ar-Veuzenn-Kimerc'h
*Pont-Aven
*Pontekroaz
*Pont-'n-Abad
*Pornaleg
*Pouldregad
*Pouldreuzig
*Poullann
*Poullaouen
*Prevel
*Purid
*Purid-Kintin
*Rieg
*Roskañvel
*Rosloc'hen
*Rosporden
*Rostrenenn
*Roudoualleg
*Sant-Alar
*Sant-Bic'hi
*Sant-Evarzeg
*Sant-Hern
*Sant-Ijo
*Sant-Ivi
*Sant-Jelven
*Sant-Jili-ar-C'hozhvarc'had
*Sant-Jili-Plijo
*Sant-Karadeg
*Sant-Konan
*Sant-Koneg
*Sant-Kouled
*Sant-Nigouden
*Sant-Nikolaz-ar-Pelem
*Santoz
*Sant-Riwal
*Sant-Segal
*Sant-Servez-Kallag
*Sant-Trifin
*Sant-Turian
*Sant-Vaeg
*Sant-Varzhin-Korle
*Sant-Vig
*Sant-Wazeg
*Sant-Weltaz
*Sant-Wenn
*Sant-Yann-Drolimon
*Ar Sent
*Skaer
*Skrigneg
*Speied
*Terrug
*Tourc'h
*Trabrivan
*Trefrin
*Trêgad
*Tregarvan
*Tregeneg
*Tregon
*Tregourez
*Tremargad
*Tremeog
*Tremeven-Kemperle
*Treogan
*An Treoù-Kernev
*Triagad
*An Uhelgoad
*Ar Vouster
*Ar Yeuc'h
Queiggaghyn tradishoonagh y Vritaan

Ta'n Vritaan goll er rheynn magh ayns ram sorçhyn dy aarheynnyn. 'Sy Vritaan ta daa horçh jeh *bro* (Britaanish son "thalloo", "çheer") ayn:
* Ta'n chied horçh dy *vro* (Britaanish: *bro*, yl. *broioù*; Frangish: *province* ny *pays*) bunnit er ny shenn-aspickyssyn. Ta nuy queiggey tradishoonagh 'sy Vritaan.
* Ta'n nah horçh dy *vro* (Britaanish: *paou*, yl. *peier* ny *broig*, yl. *broioùgoù*; Frangish: *pays*) gyn joaraghyn cadjinit.

## Ny queiggaghyn tradishoonagh 'sy Vritaan as ny h-aarheynnyn ayndaue
### [[Bro-Zol|Dol]]
* Bro Zol (cooid)
* Daoudour (cooid)
* Poualed (cooid)
* Pourater (cooid)

### [[Bro-Gwened|Gwened]]
* Bro Gwened ar C'hallaoued
* Bro Loudieg (cooid)
* Bro Pondi (cooid)
* Bro Redon (cooid)
* Bro Vaod
* Goueled Bro Gwened
* Gorre Bro Gwened
* Kost ar C'hoad
* Pourlet
* Rewiz

### [[Bro-Gerne|Kerne]]
* Aven
* Bidar
* Bro Bic'har
* Bro ar C'hab
* Bro C'hlazig
* Bro Chtou
* Bro Galanel
* Bro Loudieg (cooid)
* Bro Pondi (cooid)
* Bro Vigoudenn
* Dardoup
* Fañch
* Fisel
* Kernevodez
* Kraozon
* Penn Sardin
* Plougastell
* Rouzig

### [[Bro-Leon|Leon]]
* Bro Bagan
* Gorre-Leon
* Goueled-Leon

### [[Bro-Naoned|Naoned]]
* Bro Ankiniz
* Bro Gwiniegi Naoned
* Bro Naoned
* Bro Raez
* Bro Redon (cooid)
* Bro Vez (cooid)
* Gwenrann
* Mitaw

### [[Bro-Roazhon|Roazhon]]
* Bro Redon (cooid)
* Bro Roazhon (cooid)
* Bro Vez (cooid)
* Bro Werc'h
* Bro Zol (cooid)
* Gougleiz
* Gwennel

### [[Bro-Sant-Brieg|Sant-Brieg]]
* Bro Loudieg (cooid)
* Goueloù
* ar Menez (cooid)
* Pentevr

### [[Bro-Sant-Maloù|Sant-Maloù]]
* Bro Loudieg (cooid)
* Bro Redon (cooid)
* Bro Roazhon (cooid)
* Bro Zol (cooid)
* Daoudour (cooid)
* ar Menez (cooid)
* Porc'hoed
* Poualed  (cooid)
* Pourater (cooid)

### [[Bro-Dreger|Treger]]
* Treger Izel
* Treger Vihan
* Treger Vras
Lheiney polo

She sorçh dy T-lheiney eh **lheiney polo**. Ta colliar er lheinaghyn polo myrane lesh ghaa ny tree crammanyn as, ny keayrtyn, poggaid er y çheu hoshee. Ta lheinaghyn polo jeant seose ass eaddagh sniemmit lheid as cadee piqué, ny ny s'anvenkey, ass sheeidey, ollan keyrragh Austrailagh, ny frauaigyn taahit.
Ard y Niar Veanagh, Nerin

She ard NUTS jeh'n trass cheim (Baarle: NUTS Level III) ta goll er reirey ec Lught-Reill Ardjynagh y Vean-Hiar eh **Ard y Vean-Hiar** (, ). Ta'n ard cummal coondaeghyn Cheeill Darey, Cheeill Mantan, as ny Mee. T'eh çhemmit liorish Ard Ghivlyn 'sy niar, liorish Ard y Joarey 'sy twoaie, liorish Ard ny Mean-çheerey 'sy neear, as liorish Ard y Niar-Yiass 'sy jiass. Ta'n ard 6059 km2 er eaghtyr (y nah ard sloo) agh ta 530,437 deiney cummal ayn rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2011. She IE022 y coat NUTS echey.

## Reiltys
Ta'n ard goll er reirey as er stiurey ec Lught-reill Ardjynagh y Vean-Hiar (Yernish: , Baarle:  ny **Mera** ny **MERA** dy cadjin). Ta'n lught-reill shen jeant seose jeh 22 oltey as t'ad goll er pointeil ec ny tree coonseilyn coontae. Ta Coonseil Choontae ny Mee as Coonseil Choontae Cheeill Mantan pointeil 7 olteynyn y choonseil, as ta Coonseil Choontae Cheeill Darey pointeil 8 olteynyn. Ta Caairliagh pointit dagh blein mastey ny h-olteynyn.

### Rolley ny Caairliee
Shoh heese rolley ny Caairliee veih cur er bun y Lught-reill 'sy vlein 1994:
* 1994: James O'Loughlin (FF)
* 1995: Joseph Behan (FF)
* 1996: James O'Shaughnessy (LO)
* 1997: Hugh Gough (FF)
* 1998: James O'Loughlin (FF)
* 1999: Patrick Vance (FF)
* 2000: Séamus Murray (FF)
* 2001: Paul Kelly (FF)
* 2002: Pat Doyle (FF)
* 2003: James O'Shaughnessy (LO)
* 2004: Séamus Murray (FF)
* 2005: Rainsford Hendy (FG)
* 2006: Joe Behan (FF)
* 2007: Paul Kelly (FF)
* 2008: Séamus Murray (FF)
* 2009: George Jones (FG)
* 2010: John McGinley (LO)

## Baljyn mooarey
A list of the ten largest settlements in the mid-east. County capitals are included and are shown in **bold**.

## Kianglaghyn mooie
* Ynnyd-eggey oikoil y Lught-reill Ardjynagh
Coontae Corpagh Wrecsam

She co-chorp coontae ayns Bretin Hwoaie eh **Coontae Corpagh Wrecsam**. She Wrecsam eh balley reiragh y choontae.

## Imraaghyn
Rita Hayworth

Va **Rita Hayworth** (ruggit myr **Margarita Carmen Cansino**; 17 Jerrey Fouyir 1918 - 14 Boaldyn 1987) ny ben-chloieder fillym Americaanagh. V'ee ruggitayns Caayr York Noa.

## Rolley filmyn

* *[[Cruz Diablo]]* (1934)
* *[[Dante's Inferno]]* (1935)
* *[[Under the Pampas Moon]]* (1935)
* *[[Charlie Chan in Egypt]]* (1935)
* *[[Paddy O'Day]]* (1935)
* *[[Human Cargo]]* (1936)
* *[[Meet Nero Wolfe]]* (1936)
* *[[Rebellion]]* (1936)
* *[[Old Louisiana]]* (1937)
* *[[Hit the Saddle]]* (1937)
* *[[Trouble in Texas]]* (1937)
* *[[Criminals of the Air]]* (1937)
* *[[Girls Can Play]]* (1937)
* *[[The Game That Kills]]* (1937)
* *[[Paid to Dance]]* (1937)
* *[[The Shadow]]* (1937)
* *[[Who Killed Gail Preston?]]* (1938)
* *[[Special Inspector]]* (1938)
* *[[There's Always a Woman]]* (1938)
* *[[Convicted]]* (1938)
* *[[Juvenile Court]]* (1938)
* *[[The Renegade Ranger]]* (1938)
* *[[Homicide Bureau]]* (1939)
* *[[The Lone Wolf Spy Hunt]]* (1939)
* *[[Only Angels Have Wings]]* (1939)
* *[[Music in My Heart]]* (1940)
* *[[Blondie on a Budget]]* (1940)
* *[[Susan and God]]* (1940)
* *[[The Lady in Question]]* (1940)
* *[[Angels Over Broadway]]* (1940)
* *[[The Strawberry Blonde]]* (1941)
* *[[Affectionately Yours]]* (1941)
* *[[Blood and Sand]]* (1941)
* *[[You'll Never Get Rich]]* (1941)
* *[[Tales of Manhattan]]* (1942)
* *[[My Gal Sal]]* (1942)
* *[[You Were Never Lovelier]]* (1942)
* *[[Cover Girl]]* (1944)
* *[[Tonight and Every Night]]* (1945)
* *[[Gilda]]* (1946)
* *[[Down to Earth]]* (1947)
* *[[The Lady from Shanghai]]* (1947)
* *[[The Loves of Carmen]]* (1948)
* *[[Affair in Trinidad]]* (1952)
* *[[Salome]]* (1953)
* *[[Miss Sadie Thompson]]* (1953)
* *[[Fire Down Below]]* (1957)
* *[[Pal Joey]]* (1957)
* *[[Separate Tables]]* (1958)
* *[[They Came to Cordura]]* (1959)
* *[[The Story on Page One]]* (1959)
* *[[The Happy Thieves]]* (1962)
* *[[Circus World]]* (1964)
* *[[The Money Trap]]* (1965)
* *[[The Poppy Is Also a Flower]]* (1966)
* *[[L'Avventuriero]]* (1967)
* *[[I Bastardi]]* (1968)
* *[[Road to Salina]]* (1970)
* *[[The Naked Zoo]]* (1971)
* *[[The Wrath of God]]*  (1972)

## Kianglaghyn çheumooie

*
Blaenau Gwent

She co-chorp coontae ayns Bretin Yiass eh **Blaenau Gwent**, as Glyn Ebwy balley reiragh y choontae.

## Baljyn as baljyn beg ayns Blaeneu Gwent
* Blaenau Gwent
* Abertyleri
* Brynmawr
* Glyn Ebwy
* Tredegar

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
*
* Ynnyd-eggey Choonseil Choontae Corpagh Blaenau Gwent
Michael D. Higgins

She Eaghtyrane Nerin eh **Michael Daniel Higgins** (; r. 18 Averil 1941). V'eh reiht myr y nuyoo Eaghtyrane er 11 Sauin 2011 lurg y Reihys Eaghtyraneagh er 27 Jerrey Fouyir 2011. She politickeyr, feelee, sheshoayllee, ughtar as creeleyder eh Higgins. V'eh ny Eaghtyrane er Partee yn Lught Obbyr derrey yn irree ass echey lurg yn reihys echey myr Eaghtyrane ny çheerey. Myrane lesh shen, by Teachta Dála (TD) eh er son Galliu Heear as v'eh ny Hirveishagh er son ny h-Ellynyn, y Chultoor as y Ghaeltacht eddyr ny bleeantyn 1993 as 1997.

## Kianglaghyn magh

*Beashnys ec ynnyd-eggey Áras an Uachtaráin 
*

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Canidae

She kynney sheeintee feill-eeagh **Canidae** as eshyn goaill stiagh moddee oaldey, shynnee, coyin chonvayrt, moddee hallooin as moddee hie.  T'ad cur **canid** er oltenyn y chynney shoh.  T'eh rheynnit ayns daa chlein, Canini as Vulpini, agh ta daa 'o-ghooie bunneydagh ayn chammah nagh vel bentyn rish ny cloan.

## Kianglaghyn çheumooie
Buighag ny shamrag

She foillycan veg 'sy chynney Pieridae ee **Buighag ny shamrag** (***Colias croceus***).

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght

Ta'n çheu s'yrdjey airh dys buigh-jiarg.  Ta oirr ghoo er ny skianyn as spot doo mysh mean y skian hoshee.  Ta'n çheu s'inshley ny s'gilley, as mynghaa glass urree.  Ta'n spoht doo cheddin ry-akin er y skian hoshee, agh ta mean gial echey ny keayrtyn.  Ta spoht bane ec mean y skian s'jerree, as spot elley bane ny doo er-e-skyn, ny keayrtyn.  Ny keartyn, ta spuit ghooey ec oirr ny skianyn s'inshley corrym rish jerrey ny h-oirrey s'yrdjey.

Ta spuit wuighey er oirr ghoo s'yrdjey ny mraane.  Ta kuse jeu bane-wuigh er y çheu s'yrdjey, ayns ynnyd yn airh cadjin, as t'ad cur forma *helice* orroo.  Ny yei shen, cha nel scansh eddyr oc; ta mean-chummaghyn ayn, as t'ad jeeaghyn dy vel y daah kyndagh rish tashid tra t'ad gaase, as çhymbyllaght s'çhirmey gientyn cummey s'gilley.

Rere cliaghtey *[[Colias]]*, cha nel ad skeaylley ny skianyn oc as ad nyn soie.

(MHNT) Colias croceus - Durfort Tarn France - male dorsal.jpg| *Colias croceus croceus* ♂ 
(MHNT) Colias croceus - Durfort Tarn France - male ventral.jpg| *Colias croceus croceus* ♂ △
(MHNT) Colias croceus f. helice - Wyzyna, Okolice Polska - female dorsal.jpg|*Colias croceus f. helice* ♀  
(MHNT) Colias croceus f. helice - Wyzyna, Okolice Polska - female ventral.jpg|*Colias croceus f. helice* ♀  △


## Rheamys as eggoaylleeaght
Ta buighag ny shamrag ry-akin er fie ny h-oarpey myr turryssagh souree, eer rish Loghlin.  T'ee geddyn sliught 'syn Affrick Hwoaie, yn Oarpey yiass as yn Niar Meanagh.  T'ee roshtyn yn Çhibbeyr 'sy hwoaie as yn Injey 'sy yiass.  T'ee ry-akin ayns ny h-Inshyn Goaldagh dagh blein, bunnys, as t'ad geddyn sliught ayns shen.  Ny keayrtyn, t'ee ry-akin cho foddey hwoaie as yn Ghallioo.

### Corys bea as olteynyn
'Syn Oarpey yiass as yn Affrick Hwoaie, t'ad geddyn sliught er feie ny bleeaney.  T'ad brey un ooh er duillag, as t'ad gaase dy tappee; ny keayrtyn, t'ad jannoo cryslid lurg mee.  Ayns blein mie, foddee ad gientyn tree sheelogheyn 'sy vlein.

T'ad gee lossreeyn poanragh (Faboideae).  Ayns ny h-Inshyn Goaldagh, ta shen goaill stiagh shamrag, alfalfey, as crouw chiyt Rangagh.

## Lioaryn
* Asher, Jim; Warren, Martin; Fox, Richard; Harding, Paul; Jeffcoate, Gail &  Jeffcoate, Stephen (2001): *The Millennium Atlas of Butterflies of Britain and Ireland*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850565-5
* Evans, W.H. (1932) *The Identification of Indian Butterflies*. (2nd Ed), Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.
* Wynter-Blyth, M. A. (1957): *Butterflies of the Indian Region*. Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.

## Kianglaghyn çheumooie
Forma (baagh-oaylleeaght)

Ayns baagh-oaylleeaght, she fockle rang-oardree neuoikoil eh **forma** (Ladjin er son "cummey").  Cha nel eh goit rish 'sy *[[Coad Enmys Baagh-oaylleeagh Eddyr-ashoonagh|Choad Enmys Baagh-oaylleeagh Eddyr-ashoonagh]]*.

Ta kuse dy vaagh-oayllee jannoo ymmyd jeh dys cowraghey scanshyn eddyr beiyn, as cur eh ec jerrey y  ny  oc, mastey cowraghyn elley.  Ny keayrtyn, t'ad meenaghey "sampleyr sampleyragh" agh cha nel niart jarroo oc.  Cha nel stayd oikoil erbee ec forma, agh t'ad ymmydoil dys cowraghey cleaynys yrdjidagh ny ynnydagh.  Son y chooid smoo, cha nel agh un forma ayns fo-phobble er lheh ec traa er lheh.  Myr shen, t'eh shassoo noi .

## Ymmydyn cadjin
*forma geographica* - f. geogr. ("cummey çheer-oaylleeagh")
:Ayrn jeh cline; myr sampleyr, cummaghyn meanagh eddyr fo-ghooieyn raad ta'n thalloo oc coventyn.
*forma localis* - f. loc. ("cummey ynnydagh")
:Rere "f. geogr." agh ny smoo ynnydagh.
*forma alta* - f. alt. ("cummey yrdjidagh")
*forma vernalis* - f. vern. (spring form)
*forma aestivalis* - f. aest. (summer form)
*forma autumnalis* - f. autumn. (autumn form)
:Cha nhegin da troghyn çheet ass eiraghey; foddee troghyn yrdjidagh, çhiass ny tashid ve er bun çhymbyllaght ynrican.
*aberratio* - ab.
:Er son cretoor er lheh, possan beg (m.s. moir as ny cloan eck), ny sorçh ennagh dy chretooryn (m.s. ).

## Jeeagh er
* croo (baagh-oaylleeaght)
* forma (lus-oaylleeaght)
Doctor Who

She claare çhellveeish far-skeealaght heanse Goaldagh eh ***Doctor Who***. T'eh er ve scaalheanit ec y BBC veih'n vlein 1963. Ta'n claare geiyrt er contoyrtyssyn Time Lord ("Çhiarn Traa") enmyssit y Doctor, bioagh neuhallooinagh as cummey deiney er. Ta'n Doctor ronsaghey yn tuinney ayns lhong spoar troailtys traa enmyssit y TARDIS. Ta'n çheu mooie jeh'n TARDIS gollrish bocs poleen gorrym va feer cadjin er straidyn y Vretyn Vooar ayns 1963 tra hie yn straih er ny scaalheaney da'n chied cheayrt. Marish cumraagyn eigsoylagh, ta'n Doctor troddan noi noidyn eigsoylagh, gobbraghey son shiveeltaghtyn y hauail, as cur cooney dauesyn ta nyn shirrey.
Polygonia c-album

She foillycan ee **cammag** (***Polygonia c-album***).  T'ee ry-akin er feie ny h-Oarpey, ny h-Aishey hempreilagh as ny Maroc. 

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
Ta cowrey bane er çheu s'inshley ny skianyn, as shen bun yn ennym cadjin eck.  Ta oirr fritlagagh oc, cummey  gollrish duillag er duittym.  Ta cummaghyn follit er y vraddag as cryslid chammah.

T'ad surranse y geurey myr foillycan aasit, as ta daa chummey oc.  My t'ad surranse geurey roish my ghowee ad sliught, ta çheu s'inshley ny skianyn dorraghey; mannagh vel, t'ad gial.  Ta'n scansh shoh kyndagh rish sollys, bee, çhiassid as reddyn elley.

## Lioaryn
Tom Tolman and Richard Lewington: *Collins Butterfly Guide: The Most Complete Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe*. Harper Collins, 2009.  ISBN 9780007279777 

## Kianglaghyn mooie

* Cammag ec UK Butterflies
* Cammag ec ynnyd-eggey Butterfly Conservation

## Jallooyn

Polygonia c-album LC0238.jpg|Eaghtyr s'inshley ny skianyn as cowrey bane er
Polygonia c-album DePanne.jpg|Foillycan
Polygonia_c-album_eggs.jpg|Ooh
Polygonia_c-album_001.JPG|Laarvey
Comma pupa on 'Patriot' 001.jpg|Cryslid
Follaghey (bea-oaylleeaght)

Ayns eggoaylleeaght, ta **follaghey** ny **crypsis** çheet er saaseyn dy haghney tastey bioagyn elley.  T'eh ry-akin myr saase craghtys ny noichraghtys.  Ta saaseyn follee goaill stiagh keiltynys, oieaght, cummal fo-hallooin, tarhoilshaght as arrishaght Bates.  Ta oohyn as feromoanyn follit ayn.

## Imraaghyn
Happy Feet Two

She fillym aittys kiaullee voish y vlein 2011 ta bioghit lesh co-earrooder eh ***Happy Feet Two***. V'eh stiurit, gientit, as co-screeuit ec George Miller. Ta'n fillym eiyrtyssagh er y fillym *[[Happy Feet]]* veih'n vlein 2006, as t'eh ny nah fillym 'sy straih fillym *Happy Feet*. Ta'n fillym goaill stiagh gooyn Elijah Wood, Robin Williams ('sy fillym bioghit jerrinagh echey), P!nk, Common, Magda Szubanski, Hugo Weaving, Brad Pitt, Matt Damon, Sofia Vergara, Richard Carter, as Hank Azaria.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Happy Feet

She scannane aittys kiaullee voish y vlein 2006 ta bioghit lesh co-earrooder eh ***Happy Feet***. Va'n scannane stiurit, gientit, as co-screeuit liorish George Miller. Ta'n scannane goaill stiagh gooyn Elijah Wood, Robin Williams, Brittany Murphy, Hugh Jackman, Nicole Kidman, Hugo Weaving, as E.G. Daily. Hie scannane eiyrtyssagh, *[[Happy Feet Two]]*, er ny skeaylley magh er 18 Sauin 2011.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
William Kennish

She feelee, yeshaghteyr, ronseyder, oayllee as ynlaghteyr Manninagh va **William Kennish** (r. ayns Maghal, Mannin 'sy vlein 1799, as hooar baase er 19 Mayrnt 1862 ayns Caayr York Noa). V'eh ny chied pheiagh va failt ec Reiltys ny Steatyn Unnaneyssit son bollagh da Ammyr y Phanamaa y gheddyn magh.

Rug Kennish ayns thie beg ayns Skylley Maghal, Mannin, er y raad eddyr Doolish as Rhumsaa. She Gaelgeyr v'ayn as cha row agh beggan dy Vaarle echey derrey dy jiagh eh stiagh ayns Lhuingys-marrey Hostyn tra v'eh 22 vleeaney d'eash. D'ynsee eh yn Vaarle as ren eh roshtyn rhenk yn Ard-Heyr Lhuingey tra v'eh 27 bleeaney d'eash. Ayns Mean Fouyir ny bleeaney 1826 ren eh poosey Mary Byford ass Gillingham, Chatham, Kent, Sostyn.

Eddyr ny bleeantyn 1827 as 1832, tra v'eh foast gobbraghey 'sy Lhuingys-marrey, ren eh ynlaghtey corys noa son dy chiartaghey aght jeeree ny gunnaghyn marrey er cam-leighaltys as corys son gunnaghyn marrey y scughey gys y thalloo. Ren eh jeshaghey cummey yn uillin towsheyder.

Tra d'irree anaase ec Lhuingys-marrey Hostyn 'sy ghaal-imman, eddyr ny bleeantyn 1832 as 1840, ren eh kiaddey as cummey shiartanse dy ghaal-ghreienyn as sampleyr leah jeh'n scrod-heiyeyder.

D'irree eh ass Lhuingys-marrey Hostyn 'sy vlein 1840 as hoshee eh screeu daanyn. Hie yn obbyr echey, *Mona's Isle and Other Poems*, er ny hoilshaghey magh ayns Lunnin 'sy vlein 1844. Blein ny s'anmey hoshee eh lessoonyn y choyrt.

'Sy vlein 1849 hie eh gys America as hoshee eh towshan thallooyn airhey 'sy Cholombey as ayns 1855 ren eh plannal bollagh da Ammyr ny Panamaa er son y reiltys Americaanagh. Va'n coontys echey goit stiagh 'syn obbyr *The Practicality and Importance of a Ship Canal to Connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans* va soilshit magh 'sy vlein 1855 liorish George F. Nesbitt & Co. ass York Noa.
Kíla

She possan kiaullee tradishoonagh/dowanagh ass Nerin eh **Kíla**. Va'n possan bunnit 'sy vlein 1987 'sy scoill Ghaelgagh Coláiste Eoin ayns Divlyn. Va Eoin Dillon, Colm Mac Con Iomaire, Rossa Ó Snodaigh, Rónán Ó Snodaigh, Karl Odlum as Dave Odlum nyn olteynyn jeh'n phossan 'sy vlein shen. Hie Colm Ó Snodaigh stiagh 'sy phossan 'sy vlein 1988 tra va'n possan cloie ayns feailley 'sy Ghermaan.

## Kíla yn laa jiu
* Rossa Ó Snodaigh
* Colm Ó Snodaigh
* Rónán Ó Snodaigh
* Dee Armstrong
* Eoin Dillon
* Brian Hogan
* Lance Hogan
* Seanan Brennan

## Kereneen
* *Groovin'&nbsp;*(1991)
* *Handel's Fantasy* (1993)
* *Mind The Gap* (1995)
* *Tóg É Go Bog É* (1997)
* *Lemonade & Buns* (1999)
* *Live in Vicar St.* (2000)
* *Monkey* - Sheean-rane da gienserey West End (2002)
* *Luna Park* (2003)
* *Live in Dublin* (2004)
* *Best off & Live in Dublin* - Y Çhapaan ynrican (2005)
* *Another Beat* - arraneyn Kíla aavestit ec kiaulleyderyn Shapaanagh - Y Çhapaan ynrican (2006)
* *Kíla and Oki* - marish Oki (2006)
* *Gamblers' Ballet* (2007)
* *[[The Secret of Kells]]* - Sheean-rane marish Bruno Coulais (2009)
* *Rogha - The Best Of* (2009)
* *Soisín* (2010)
Gorrymag chadjin

She foillycan beg 'sy chynney Lycaenidae ee **gorrymag chadjin** (***Polyommatus icarus***).  T'ee ry-akin er feie ny Cryss Phalearctagh.
 
## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
Ta ny mraane dhone, as ta ponkyn jiargey rish oirryn ny skianyn.  Er y çheu s'yrdjey, t'ad gorrym ec bun ny skianyn, as ny keayrtyn t'ad gorrym son y chooid smoo.  

Ta çheu s'yrdjey ny fir gorrym gial, as ta oirr ghoo cheyll ec ny skianyn.  Ta'n çheu s'inshley lheeah-dhone, as straih dy phonkyn jiargey rish oirr ny skianyn, ga dy vel adsyn t'er ny skianyn hoshee baiht dy cadjin.

Ec y daa cheintys, ta ponkyn baney as mean doo oc er ny skianyn s'inshley; mysh dussan er ny skianyn jerree as nuy er ny skianyn hoshee.  Ta çhemmal bane rish oirr wooie ny skianyn.

Ta'n phraddag bane-ghlass as rimmeigyn buighey mygeayrt-y-moee; t'ee gollrish shilleen.  Ta'n chryslid dhone ny glass-olive eck cleayney snienganyn, as t'ad ee y ymmyrkey stiagh 'syn edd oc dy cadjin.  Ta'n chryslid cur magh druight molley as ta ny snienganyn dy ee.

## Jallooyn

Common_blue_butterfly.jpg|Bwoirrinagh
Common Blue (Polyommatus icarus).jpg|Firrynagh
Polyommatus.icarus.female.3449.jpg|Bwoirrinagh
Polyommatus icarus 01-08-2005 12.53.50.JPG|Firrynagh (s'inshley)
Polyommatus icarus-05 (xndr).jpg|Faggys da
Hauhechel-Bläuling, Polyommatus icarus Paarung 1.JPG|Colleeys
Polyommatus_icarus_egg_2.jpg|Ooh
Glion Laksaa

She glion as fer jeh 17 Glionteeyn Ashoonagh Vannin ee **Glion Laksaa**. T'ee ny soie er gerrey da Laksaa, Mannin. Ta shennaghys y ghlion goll sheear gys y vlein 1800 tra ren yn Arrymagh William Fitzsimmons cur claare cuirrey biljyn er ny toshiaghey. Hie yn chlaare shen er marraghtyn er feie 50 bleeaney as ta fir jeh ny biljyn smoo foast ry-akin 'sy ghlion jiu. By smooinaght ec Mnr Robert Williamson ad ny garaghyn taitnys as y cummys da'n lught turryssagh 'sy chione echey. Va garaghyn y ghlion feer foayroil ec mooinjer yn Ellan as ny s'odjey eddyr ny bleeantyn 1919 as 1939 er çheu ny caaghyn v'ayn ec y traa shen, goaill stiagh caaghyn da'n chriggad, da'n voulleraght, da'n leddoge, da'n vaateyrys, da'n daunse, as reddyn as jannooyn elley. Ec y tra shen va shiaght dooiney failt dy lane-emshyragh son dy chummal seose ny garaghyn. Cha row ny garaghyn cha foayroil lurg y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh as beggan ny yei v'ad currit er creck da'n reiltys.
2012

## Taghyrtyn
* 6 Toshiaght Arree - Blein Feayslee Ghaiman y Venrein Ealisaid II. Feailley 60 bleeaney veih toshiaghey yn reilley eck myr Benrein y Reeriaght Unnaneysit.
* 13 Mart - 244 bleeaney lurg y chied hoilshey magh, ren *[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]* cur sthapp er y lhieggan prentit.
* 4 Jerrey Souree - Ren CERN fogrey magh mychione feddyn magh meereen noa as troghyn cohassooagh eck rish boson Higgs lurg prowaltyssyn ec y Covuilleyder Hadron Mooar.
* 27 Jerrey Souree - 12 Luanistyn - Cloiaghyn Olympagh y Touree 2012 ayns Lunnin, y Reeriaght Unnaneysit.
* 6 Luanistyn - Çheet er thalloo Vart y rouailtagh *[[Rouailtagh Curiosity|Curiosity]]*
* 14 Mean Fouyir - Haink er y lheimmeyder-aer Austeyragh, Felix Baumgartner, dy ve ny chied dooinney ren brishey yn jeoraght sheean gyn cooney erbee tra ren eh lheim magh ass y valloon *[[Red Bull Stratos]]* 24 mi (39 km) harrish Roswell, New Mexico ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit.
* 24 - 30 Jerrey Fouyir - Ren Gaal-baarnee Sandy marroo 209 dooinney er y chooid sloo 'sy Charib, ayns ny Bahamaghyn, ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, as 'sy Chanadey.
* 29 Sauin - ren Ard-Hionnal yn AU lowal rish gialdyn staydys baghtallagh steat neu-oltagh da'n Phalasteen.

## Baaseyn

* 13 Jerrey Geuree - Rauf Denktaş, politickeyr va ruggit er y Cheeprey (r. 1924)
* 20 Jerrey Geuree - Etta James, arraneyder Americaanagh (r. 1938)
* 29 Jerrey Geuree - Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, 9oo Eaghtyrane ny h-Iddaal (r. 1918)
* 1 Toshiaght Arree - Wisława Szymborska, ben-eelee Pholynnagh as bronneyder Aundyr Nobel (r. 1923)
* 11 Toshiaght Arree - Whitney Houston, arraneyder as ben-aghteyr Americaanagh (r. 1963)
* 30 Jerrey Souree - Maeve Binchy, screeudeyr Yernagh (r. 1940)
* 31 Jerrey Souree - Gore Vidal, ughtar, screeudeyr drama, as sheerloayreyder politickagh Americaanagh (r. 1925)
* 6 Luanistyn - Bernard Lovell, fishigagh as rollageyder Sostynagh (r. 1913)
* 25 Luanistyn - Neil Armstrong, shiaulteyr rollageagh Americaanagh (r. 1930)
* 9 Nollick - Patrick Moore, rollageyder as creeleyder Sostynagh (r. 1923)
Glionteenyn Ashoonagh Vannin

Mastey ny glionteeyn ayns Mannin, ta ny 18 glionteeyn heese ayns shellooderys y reiltys as coontit myr **Glionteenyn Ashoonagh Vannin**:
* Glion Awin Rosien
* Garey Biljyn Tinvaal
* Glion Cholbee
* Glion y Dowin
* Glion Elfin
* Glion Ghroudal
* Glion Laksaa
* Glion Molly Quirk
* Glion Mooar
* Glion Muigh
* Glion Nellan
* Glion Phurt Soderick
* Glion Tholt y Woaillee
* Glion Valley Euar
* Glion Valley Glass
*Glion Vradda
* Glion Wyllin
* Lhiargee Frissell as Clagh Bane
Breckag ghoo-ghlass

She foillycan beg 'sy chynney Nymphalidae ee **breckag ghoo-ghlass** (***Argynnis aglaja***).  T'ee ry-akin er feie ny Cryss Phalearctagh.


 Speyeria aglaja MHNT CUT 2013 3 25 Auzat Dorsal.jpg|Breckag ghoo-ghlass
Speyeria aglaja MHNT CUT 2013 3 25 Auzat Ventral.jpg| △ Breckag ghoo-ghlass

## Jeeagh er neesht
Glassag

Ta **glassag** çheet er ymmodee cretooryn glassey:
* y partan glass, *Carcinus maenas*
* skibbag ny mulleeyn, *Motacilla cinerea*
* y ghlassan gharagh ny corkan keylley glass, *Carduelis chloris*
* Glassag (foillycan)
Glassag (foillycan)

She foillycan 'sy chynney Nymphalidae ee **glassag** (***Hipparchia semele***).

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
T'ee dhone-ghlass son y chooid smoo.  Ta cryssyn dhone as ruy çheu s'yrdjey er ny skianyn, as  orroo, daa er dagh skian hoshee as un er y skian jerrey.  T'ee lhie as skianyn doont eck, agh liorish boirey, t'ee troggal e skianyn hoshee dys cowraghey ny cowraghyn sooilley.  Ta feanish ennagh ayn dy vel lheid ny cowraghey coadey foillycanyn noi cragheyderyn.  Ta oirr vane ec ny skianyn.

Ta'n ghlassag fo coadey yn United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan neayr's 2007.


Hipparchia semele MHNT CUT 2013 3 30 Villegailhenc male dorsal.jpg|♂  
Hipparchia semele MHNT CUT 2013 3 30 Villegailhenc male ventral.jpg|♂ △  
Hipparchia semele MHNT CUT 2013 3 30 Villegailhenc female dorsal.jpg|♀  
Hipparchia semele MHNT CUT 2013 3 30 Villegailhenc female ventral.jpg|♀ △ 


## Oayll
Slyst marrey, dreemyn geinnee, boglagh marrey, eayninyn reeastaneyn, quarralyn, thalloo çhirrym gyn rouyr biljyn.

## Bee
*Faiyr ny geyrragh, *[[Festuca ovina]]*
**[[Festuca rubra]]*
**[[Agrostis curtisii]]*
**[[Aira]] praecox*
**[[Deschampsia cespitosa]]*
*Shaslagh, *[[Ammophila arenaria]]*

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn çheumooie

*Ynnyd-eggey Butterfly Conservation
*Ynnyd-eggey UK Butterflies Website - goaill stiagh fys er buill raad t'ee ry-akin.
Ard cultooragh

She çhiarrym ny enmys ta goll er ymmyd 'syn antrapoaylleeaght as 'sy çheer-oaylleeaght eh **ard cultooragh**. Dy mennick, cha nel joaraghyn politickagh co-reggyrt rish joaraghyn çheer-oaylleeagh yn chultooragh enmyssit, myr ta ry-akin 'sy Niar Meanagh raad ta ny Kurdee cummal 'sy Turkee, 'syn Armeain, 'syn Asserbajaan, 'syn Eeraane, 'syn Earack, as 'sy Teer.

## Ardjyn cultooragh y theihill
* America ny Frangish
* Yn Hindoostaan
* America Ladjynagh
Fontanka

She fo-chrouw yn awin Neva ta roie trooid çheshvean Chaayr Pheddyr 'sy Roosh ee **Fontanka** (). T'ee 6.7 km er lhiurid, 70 m er lheead ayns buill er lheh, as 3.5 m er diunid. T'ee roie magh ass y Neva er y çheu chlee, er gerrey da Garey yn Touree, as t'ee roie stiagh 'sy Neva Vooar çheu hwoaie veih Ellan Gutuyevski. Ta'n ennym ymmydit dy mennick myr ennym ny brooinyn ta goll maree.
Euronews

She bollagh çhellveeish naight eddyr-hengagh as eddyr-ashoonagh eh **Euronews**. Rere barel y vollagh hene, t'eh creayley naight y theihll veih perspeghtaght Oarpagh. Agh, er y laue elley, ta deiney elley gra nagh vel 'sy pherspeghtaght shen agh perspeghtaght y Chommishoon Oarpagh. S'feer dy vel y bollagh geddyn cooid vie jeh'n argid meansal echey veih'n Chommishoon. Ta shirveishyn naight goll er creeley ayns 11 hengey as t'eh ry-gheddyn ayns 155 çheeraghyn y theihll.

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Baneag gheayney

She foillycan 'sy chynney Pieris ee **baneag gheayney** (***Pieris napi***).  T'ee ry-akin er feie ny Cryss ny Twoaie.

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
Ta breckyn er ny skianyn hoshee: un vreck ec deiney as daa ec mraane.  Ta cuishlinyn ny mraane ny smoo baghtal.  Ta çheu s'inshley ny skianyn ouyragh as ta crottylyn geayney rish ny cuishlinyn (bun yn ennym).

## Imraaghyn

## Jeeagh er neesht
Gorrymag hollin

She foillycan 'sy chynney Lycaenidae ee **gorrymag hollin** (***Celastrina argiolus***). 

## Kianglaghyn çheumooie

* ''Celastrina argiolus'' ec funet.fi
Baneag vooar

She foillycan 'sy chynney Pieridae ee **baneag vooar** (***Pieris brassicae***).  T'ee ry-akin er feie ny h-Oarpey as yn Affrick, as 'syn Aishey cho foddey as ny Himalayaghyn.

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
Ta skianyn baney oc, as birr ghoo er ny skianyn hoshee.  Ta daa phonk doo er skianyn hoshee ny mraane.  Ta'n çheu s'inshley oc bane-ghlass, as cur keiltnys orroo tra t'ad nyn soie.  Ta reaish skian mysh 6cm oc. 

Ta'n phraddag buigh-ghlass, as ta linnaghyn buighey as spuit ghooey orroo.  T'ad taaley stoo meevlasstal dys cur grayn er cragheyderyn, agh ta connspee headaneagh myr *[[Apanteles glomeratus]]* ad y varroo.  Ta'n chryslid hene buigh-ghlass as spuit ghooey urree, as t'ad ceau y geurey myr cryslid.

T'ad broo oohyn buighey er lossreeyn *[[Brassica]]*, as myr shen t'ad noidyn eirinagh.


(MHNT) Pieris brassicae - Ste.Foy d'Aigrefeuille Haute-Garonne France - male dorsal.jpg|*Pieris brassicae* ♂ 
(MHNT) Pieris brassicae - Ste.Foy d'Aigrefeuille Haute Garonne France - male ventral.jpg|*Pieris brassicae* ♂  △
(MHNT) Pieris brassicae - Foret de Bouconne, France - female dorsal.jpg|*Pieris brassicae* ♀  
(MHNT) Pieris brassicae - Foret de Bouconne, France - female ventral.jpg|*Pieris brassicae*  ♀ △ 


Large White eggs 600.jpg|Oohyn
Pieris brassicae (caterpillar).jpg|Praddag
Pieris.brassicae.pupa.jpg|Cryslid
Pieris brassicae (6).jpg|Foillycan aasit er *[[Buddleja davidii]]*


## Jeeagh er

## Imraaghyn
Donnag faiyr

She foillycan 'sy ghenus Maniola ee **donnag faiyr** (***Maniola jurtina***).  T'ee ry-akin 'sy chryss Phalearctagh, goaill stiagh yn Oarpey yiass, yn Roosh, yn Aishey Veg, yn Earack, yn Eeraan, yn Affrick Hwoaie as ny h-Ellanyn Canaaragh.  

Ta scansh baghtal eddyr y daa cheintys.  Ta daahghyn ny fir ny s'ouyrey, as ta ny cowraghyn sooilley oc ny sloo.  Ta skead jiarg-buigh er skianyn hoshee ny bwoirrinee.  Ta ny firrynee getlagh ny sodjey na bwoirrinee.  Ec y daa cheintys, ta cowraghyn sooilley er çheu s'inshley ny skianyn jerrey dy cadjin, wheesh as 6 er dagh skian.  

Maniola jurtina-mo.jpg|♂
Maniola jurtina-mu.jpg|△ ♂
Maniola jurtina-fo.jpg|♀
Maniola jurtina-fu.jpg|△ ♀


## Imraaghyn
* Stevens, Martin (2005): The role of eyespots as anti-predator mechanisms, principally demonstrated in the Lepidoptera. *[[Biological Reviews|Biol. Rev.]]* **80**(4): 573–588. doi: 10.1017/S1464793105006810

## Kianglaghyn çheumooie
Alan Corkish

She screeudeyr ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit eh **Alan Corkish**. Jeh bunneydys Manninagh, t'eh cummal nish ayns Lerphoyll raad t'eh screeu noa-skeealyn, daaneyn, as giare-skeealyn, as t'eh co-reaghey yn earish-lioar feeleeagh fraueoilagh . She ughtar *Glimpses of Notes* (2006), *Corrupted Memories*, as *Groups* (2006). Ayns Luanistyn ny bleeaney 2010 ren Corkish cur da çhaglym L-Lioar dy ghaanyn politickagh fo'n ennym *Emergency Verse - Poetry in Defence of the Welfare State* v'er ny reaghey ec Alan Morrison.

## Kianglaghyn magh
*
Baare jiarg-buigh

She foillycan 'sy chynney Pieridae ee **baare jiarg-buigh** (***Anthocharis cardamines***). 

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
Ta lheead ny skianyn 35-45mm, as t'ad bane ec y daa cheintys.  Ta ponk doo ayns mean dagh skian hoshee, as ta'n baare oc lheeah dorraghey.   Ta'n ennym oc er cooney'n 'irrynagh, er y fa dy vel skeead jiarg-buigh er y skian hoshee ta goaill stiagh y ponk doo.  Ta çheu s'inshley ny skianyn breck glass-bane myr keiltnys; ta'n fer follaghey ny birr vaghtal echey fo'n skian jerrey.

(MHNT) Anthocharis cardamines - Foret de Bouconne, France - male dorsal.jpg|*Anthocharis cardamines* ♂  
(MHNT) Anthocharis cardamines - Foret de Bouconne, France - male ventral.jpg|*Anthocharis cardamines* ♂  △
(MHNT) Anthocharis cardamines - Foret de Bouconne, France - female dorsal.jpg|*Anthocharis cardamines*  ♀ 
(MHNT) Anthocharis cardamines - Foret de Bouconne, France - female ventral.jpg|*Anthocharis cardamines* ♀ △


## Corys bea


Image:Anthocharis_cardamines_%C5%93ufs.jpg|Ooh
Image:Anthocharis cardamines 01.jpg|Laarvey
Image:Anthocharis cardamines 17.jpg |Cryslid


Ta'n woirrin breh oohyn er gish vlaaghey lus ny Boaldyn, lus gharroo, dooieyn *[[Brassicaceae]]* as fir elley as glucosinolate ayndaue.  Ta'n ooh 'essagh vane 'sy toshiaght, agh t'ee jiargaghey.  Ta'n phraddag glass myr keiltnys er ny duillagyn; t'ad lomarcan as t'ad ee y cheilley ny keayrtyn, chammah's ee oohyn neuappee.  T'ad gee ny blaaghyn as fynneigyn son y chooid smoo, as myr shen cha nel bee dy liooar da daa phraddag.

## Jeeagh er

* UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme
Picardie

She queiggey shenndeeagh y Rank ee **Picardie**. T'ee soit ayns twoaie yn Rank as t'ee jannoo seose cooid jeh'n ard noa-emshyragh fo'n ennym cheddin. She Amiens y chaayr smoo as y preeu-valley shenndeeagh.
Foillycan yn onnane

She foillycan ee **foillycan yn onnane** (***Vanessa cardui***). T'ee ry-akin er feie ny cruinney, er lhimmey jeh yn Antarctagh as America Yiass. T'ee cummal ayns ynnydyn çheh, agh t'ee garraghey veih'n Affrick Hwoaie dys ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh 'sy touree. 

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
T'ee gaase wheesh as 60mm er lheead. Ta ny skianyn doo lesh ta spuitt vaney faggys da'n vaare, as doo lesh skeadyn buighey 'sy vean. Rish y chorp hene, t'ad airh. Ta'n çheu s'inshley breck dhone as bane, as queig spuitt ghooey orroo. Ta skead jiarg er çheu s'inshley ny skianyn hoshee.

Ta'n phraddag wheesh as 40mm er lhiurid. T'ee glass dorraghey ny dhone, as linnaghyn buighey urree, as ta jialgyn er dagh rheynn ny kirpey.
Ceann an Chairn

She kione-çheerey ayns shiar yiass Choontae Logh Garman, Nerin, eh **Ceann an Chairn** (; Yernish son "Kione y Charn"). She yn kione smoo jiassagh ayns Nerin jeh Mooir Vretyn.

Ta enney mooar er y voayl er son y phlan v'ayn ec Reiltys Nerin stashoon lectraghys çhesh-veanagh y hroggal ayns ny 1970yn fo churrym An Bord Fuinnimh Núicléigh ("Y Boayrd Bree Çhesh-veanagh"). Chur y Reiltys toshiaght da'n phlan ayns 1968 as va'n plan currit er aahoshiaghey lurg geyre-ghaue bree ny bleeaney 1973. V'eh plannit kiare stashoonyn çhesh-veanagh y hroggal, agh v'eh ceaut magh ayns ny 1970yn jeianagh lurg contraartys liorish possanyn çhymbyllagh, goaill stiagh y possan Carmanagh Nuclear Safety Association. Hooar y faghtys noi'n stashoon pohlldey eddyr-ashoonagh, goaill stiagh pohlldey veih persoonidyn mooarey lheid as Petra Kelly as Adi Roche.

Jiu, ta ram stashoonyn bree geayee gientyn lectraghys, as ad fo churrym Bord Soláthair an Leictreachais ("Boayrd Ymmyrkee yn Lectraghys"). Hie er nyn voshley 'sy vlein 2003 as t'ad jeant seose jeh 14 turbeenyn Vesta 850 kW as ad jargal 12 MW y ghientyn.
Sophia Morrison

She sheerloayreyder cultoor, çhagleyder beeal-arrish, as ughtar Manninagh va **Sophia Morrison** (27 Boaldyn 1859 &ndash; 14 Jerrey Geuree 1917). Ren ee obbraghey myr scrudeyr lesh y Çheshaght Ghailckagh veih'n vlein 1901 derrey laa e baaish as v'ee coontit myr ben jeh ny deiney ogheragh ayns eash hroggalys ny h-ashoonyn ec jerrey yn 19oo as toshiaght yn 20oo eash. Va paart mooar eck 'sy ghleashaght Ooilley-Cheltiagh.

Va Morrison ruggit ayns Purt ny h-Inshey, Mannin, as ren ee obbraghey er son cur er oaie yn chiaull, y veeal-arrish as lettyraght Ghaelgagh Vannin. Ren ee reaghey earish-lioar y Çheshaght Ghailckagh, *Mannin*, va soilshit magh ayns nuy ym-lioaryn eddyr ny bleeantyn 1913 as 1917. Rere y phaart eck myr scrudeyr er y Çheshaght, ren ee co-screeu rish scoillaryn Manninagh ard-ghooagh, lheid as Arthur William Moore, J. J. Kneen, W. H. Gill as William Cubbon, myrane rish sheerloayreyderyn çhengey elley ayns ny çheeraghyn Celtiagh elley.

Myr çhagleyder beeal-arrish, hooar Morrison scansh eddyr-ashoonagh er son yn ard-oayllys eck er çheu yn veeal-arrish Vanninagh. Chur ee meeryn rish yn obbyr ec W. Y. Evans-Wentz, *Fairy Faith in the Celtic Countries*, as rish yn obbyr ec Rhŷs Phillips, *Celtic Nations & their Literary Activities*. Va'n çhaglym ecksh hene, *Manx Fairy Tales* (1911), cur skeealyn ry-cheilley veih insheyderyn as caarjyn lheid as J. R. Moore as William Cashen.

Myrane lesh yn obbyr eck er son y Ghaelg, va paart mooar eck ayns lhiasaghey coad noa lettyragh - screeu 'sy Vaarle Vanninagh. Ren ee co-screeu *A Vocabulary of the Anglo-Manx Dialect* marish Arthur William Moore as Edmund Goodwin as yn obbyr shen ny fockleyr beg ta cur sheese er focklyn as abbyrtyn 'sy Vaarle myr t'ayn ayns Mannin. Va'n colught theater - "The Peel Players" - fo'n stiurey eck traa, as ren olteynyn y theater shen ymmyrkey yn choir-verriu eck ec e marroonys 'sy vlein 1917.
Binn Éadair

She fo-valley jeh Divlyn ayns Coontae 'ine Goal, Nerin, eh **Binn Éadair** (, veih *Hovuð*, "kione" ny "mullagh", y Çhenn Loghlynnish). By valley beg eeasteyraght v'ayn traa, agh nish t'eh jeant seose jeh steatyn cummaltagh. Ta lhiargee feie foast ry-gheddyn faggys da'n valley. T'eh soit er lieh-innys ta sheeyney magh ayns Mooir Vretyn çheu hwoaie veih Cooan Ghivlyn. She Cill Fhiontáin yn un ard er y vooar-heer ta kianglt rish Binn Éadair, as eh soit da'n chooid smoo er y lieh-innys cheddin. Ta fer jeh ny thieyn cummaltit shinney ayns Nerin, Caisleán Bhinn Éadair, soit 'syn ard.
Airn

Ta **airn** çheet er messyn cruinney ***[[Prunus domestica fogh. insititia]]*** as ***[[Prunus spinosa]]***, nyn miljyn messey feie.  Ta messyn oochrooagh ec *P. domestica fogh. insititia* chammah, fo'n ennym airnag.
Prunus domestica fogh. insititia

She fo-ghooie *[[Prunus domestica]]* ee ***Prunus domestica fogh. insititia***.  Ta daa stroo baghtal ayn er coontey cummey ny messyn: airn cruinney as airnag oochrooagh.
Peacag (follican)

She foillycan 'sy chynney *[[Nymphalidae]]* ee **peacag** (***Inachis io***).  T'ee ry-akin 'syn Oarpey as er feie yn Aishey hempreilagh dys yn Çhapaan.  She oltey ynrican y ghenus ***Inachis*** t'ayn.  

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
Ta lheead skianyn wheesh as 55mm eck.  Ta ny skianyn ruy, as ta  doo, buigh as gorrym er baare dagh skian.  Ta oirr ghone-ghlass myrgeayrt ny skianyn as ta'n corp hene dhone.  Ta çheu s'inshley ny skianyn follit liorish daaghyn dhoneagh dorraghey.

## Bea
Ta'n pheacag ry-akin ayns magheyrn, lheeanteeyn as keylljyn, chammah's gareyderyn, as dys ardjid wheesh as 2500m.  Ta ny fyrrynee thallooinagh, as t'ad reih thalloo ta kianglt rish ynnydyn brey ooh.  T'ad ceau yn geurey roish my t'ad brey oohyn leah 'syn arrey, wheesh as 400 ec yn un cheayrt.  Ta ny h-oohyn glass olive, as rimmeigagh.  T'ad goll er brey er çheu s'inshley duillagyn undaagee as lus y ghargid.. Ta'n phraddag doo soilsheanagh; er dagh meer, ta spuitt vaney as shey straihyn dy yialgyn wheddyragh.  T'ad gaase wheesh as 42mm er lhiurid, as gee undaagagh (*Urtica dioica*), lus y ghargid (*Humulus lupulus*) as undaagagh rangagh (*[[Urtica urens]]*).  Ta'n chryslid lheeah, glass ny dhone.

Ta peacagyn aasit gee naghtyr veih ymmodee blaaghyn, goaill stiagh lus y toar villish, shellagh, lus ny minnag, lus villish, jeshal as shamrag.  T'ad gee soo biljyn as mess loau myrgeddin.

## Bun-ocklaght
Ta'n emmyn Ladjynagh rere Io, ny ben ayns far-skeealaght ny Greag.


File:Inachis io eggs.jpg|Oohyn
File:DA_ph_husenica.jpg|Praddag
File:Peacock caterpillar 800.jpg|Gee undaagee
File:Inachis.io.7344.jpg|Cryslid


## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn çheumooie

* Caslyssyn photosynth jeh peacag
* ''Inachis io'', caslyssyn er Arkive