Formley kemmigagh

-\overset{\displaystyle H \atop |}{\underset{\underset{\underset{| \atop \displaystyle H}{C}}-H
| data2            = Y *[[formley strughtooragh]]* da biootane
}}

'Sy chemmig, ta **formley kemmigagh** çheet er y vollagh raad ta fysseree bentyn rish coreiryn kemmigagh ny breneenyn ta jannoo co-vunstoo ny co-vreneen er lheh currit roish, goaill ymmyd jeh cowraghyn kemmigagh, earrooyn, as cowraghyn elley, lheid as eddyraishnyssyn, skilleigyn, cammagyn, as ny cowraghyn *moojey* (+) as *loojey* (−). T'ad currit sheese ayns un linney clougraafagh jeh cowraghyn, foddee goaill stiagh fo-screeuyn as harrish-screeuyn. Cha nee ennym kemmigagh eh formley kemmigagh er-yn-oyr nagh vel fockle erbee ayn. Ga dy vel formley kemmigagh cowraghey strughtooryn kemmigagh neuchramp, cha nel eh ny 'ormley strughtooragh kemmigagh. Foddee formlaghyn kemmigagh enmyssey strughtooryn ny co-vreneenyn as stooghyn kemmigagh s'oney ny lomarcan, as ta'd caglit er çheu ny h-enmyn kemmigagh as ny formlaghyn stughtooragh.

Ta ny formlaghyn kemmigagh s'oney enmyssit *[[formley treealagh|formlaghyn treealagh]]*, as t'ad goaill ymmyd jeh lettyryn as earrooyn as ad shassoo er son coreiryn earrooagh ny breneenyn. Ta **formlaghyn co-vreneenagh** shassoo er son ny h-earrooyn oney jeh dagh sorçh dy vreneen ayns co-vreneen, gyn fys ayn bentyn rish y strughtoor. Myr sampleyr, she CH2O y formley treealagh da glucose (daa cheayrt ny smoo breneenyn jeh hiddragien na breneenyn carboan ny ocsygien), agh she C6H12O6 (12 vreneen hiddragien, shey breneenyn carboan as ocsygien) y formley co-vreneenagh.

Keayrtyn ta formley kemmigagh jeant co-chast tra t'eh screeuit myr formley giarrit (ny formley co-vreneenagh giarrit, ta enmyssit "formley lieh-strughtooragh" keayrtyn), as t'ad cur tooilley fysseree roish bentyn rish y vollagh raad ta ny breneenyn reaghit as kianglt ry-cheilley, foddee ayns kianglaghyn co-fioosagh, kianglaghyn eeaneagh, ny mestagheyn eigsoylagh jeh'n daa chiangley shen. T'eh shen jantagh my vel eh aashagh y kiangley bentynagh y haishbyney ayns un towshan. Myr sampleyr, jeeagh er yn 'ormley co-vreneenagh/kemmigagh giarrit da ethanoal CH3−CH2−OH ny CH3CH2OH. Ansherbee, ta formley kemmigagh giarrit caglit rere y jargaght echey kianglaghyn co-chast eddyr breneenyn y haishbyney, breneenyn ta kianglt rish kiare fo-stooghyn ny ny smoo er lheh.

Er-yn-oyr dy vel formlaghyn kemmigagh screeuit myr un linney jeh cowraghyn kemmigagh, cha nel y mooad fysseree ayndaue bentyn rish y formley strughtooragh firrinagh, ta ny hoylley graafagh jeh'n vooinjerys reamyssagh eddyr ny breneenyn ayns co-vunstooghyn (jeeagh er ny sampleyryn jeh ny formlaghyn strughtooragh as kemmigagh da biootane çheu yesh). Kyndagh rish cooishyn castaght strughtooragh, foddee un ormley kemmigagh giarrit co-reggyrt rish co-vreneenyn eigsoylagh, ta enmyssit isomeyryn. Myr sampleyr, ta glucose rheynn e ormley co-vreneenagh C6H12O6 lesh ram shugyryn elley, goaill stiagh fructose, galactose as mannose. Ta *enmyn* kemmigagh linnagh corrym ayn ta enmyssey formley strughtooragh co-chast erbee (jeeagh er enmyssey kemmigagh), agh lhisagh ny h-enmyn shen goaill ymmyd jeh ram hçiarrymyn (focklyn) ayns ynnyd ny cowraghyn, earrooyn, as clouyn oney elley ta ry-akin ayns formlaghyn kemmigagh.