open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Finnlynn

Ta **Finnlynn**, ny **Pobblaght Finnlynn** dy h-oikoil (Finnlynnish: *Suomi*; Soolynnish: *Finland*), ny çheer Nordagh as ny deynlaght ta ny soie ayns ard Finn-Loghlinagh yn Oarpey Hwoaie. T'ee çhemmit liorish y Toolynn da'n sheear, liorish y Roosh da'n shiar, as liorish Norlynn da'n twoaie, as ta'n Estaan soit da'n jiass tessen Lhoob Innlynn. She Helsinki preeu-valley ny çheerey.

Ta mygeayrt 5.3 millioonyn dy 'leih cummal ayns Finnlynn, as ta'n chooid smoo jeu cummal ayns cooid yiass ny çheerey. T'ee ny hoghtoo çheer smoo 'syn Oarpey rere eaghtyr as ny çheer chummaltit sloo 'syn Unnaneys Oarpagh. She Finnlynnish çhengey ny mayrey ec y chooid smoo jeh pobble ny çheerey, as y çhengey shen ny çhengey Inn-Oogragh ta bentyn rish yn Estoinish, as fer jeh kiare çhengaghyn oikoil yn Unnaneys Oarpagh nagh vel nyn jengaghyn Ind-Oarpagh. She yn Toolynnish y nah hengey oikoil 'sy çheer as ee ny çhengey ghooghyssagh son 5.5% jeh pobble ny çheerey. Ta Finnlynn ny pobblaght ard-whaiylagh gheynlagh lesh reiltys ta soit ayns Helsinki son y chooid smoo as reiltyssyn ynnydagh ayns 348 baljaghtyn. Ta millioon dy 'leih cummal ayns ard Helsinki Vooar (as yn ard shen goaill stiagh Helsinki, Espoo, Kauniainen, as Vantaa), as ta treeoo jeh LTS ny çheerey er ny ghientyn 'syn ard shen. Ta ard-valjyn mooarey elley goaill stiagh lheid as Tampere, Turku, Oulu, Jyväskylä, Kuopio, as Lahti.

Dy shendeeagh va Finnlynn ny cooid jeh'n Toolynn as veih'n vlein 1809 v'ee ny h-Ard-Diucaght hene-reiltagh ayns Impiraght y Roosh. Va seyrsnys Innlynn veih'n Roosh fogrit magh ayns 1917 as haghyr caggey theayagh ny lurg, as caggaghyn noi'n Unnaneys Soveidjagh as y Ghermaan Natseeagh lurg shen. Car y Chaggey Feayr va polasee oikoil neaghtyragh ec Finnlynn. Hie Finnlynn stiagh ayns ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit ayns 1955, 'syn RCTL ayns 1969, yn Unnaneys Oarpagh ayns 1995, as cryss yn oarey veih toshiaght yn argid noa.

## Imraaghyn
Tarja Halonen

She politickeyr Finnlynnagh ee **Tarja Kaarina Halonen** (ruggit er 24 Nollick 1943). She Eaghtyrane Innlynn v'ee eddyr ny bleeantyn 2000 as 2012. Y chied ven va reiht myr Eaghtyrane 'sy çheer shen, v'ee ny shirveishagh reiltys daa cheayrt as v'ee ny h-oltey jeh'n pharlamaid eddyr ny bleeantyn 1979 as 2000 derrey v'ee reiht myr Eaghtyrane.

Phoose ee rish e sheshey traa-liauyr eck, y fer lhee Pentti Arajärvi, ny yei'n reihys eck son y chied imbagh.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Halonen, Tarja Kaarina
* Tarja Halonen & Seta
* Tarja Halonen ayns The Presidents of Finland
Meksico

Ta **Steatyn Unnaneysit Veksico** () ny **Meksico** (; keayrtyn t'eh screeuit myr **Mecsico**) ny pobblaght chonastagh vunraghtoil ayns America Hwoaie. T'ee çhemmit liorish ny Steatyn Unnaneysit 'sy twoaie, Lhoob Veksico 'sy niar, y Veleesh as y Ghuatemaley 'sy jiass, as y Cheayn Sheealtagh 'sy neear. She conastey ee Meksico ta jeant seose jeh 31 steat as slyst chonastagh y phreeu-valley, Caayr Veksico.

## Politickaght
She deynlaght vunraghtoil chonastagh ee Meksico. She eaghtyrane Veksico yn toshiagh ta reiht dagh shey bleeaney. Ec y traa t'ayn, she Claudia Sheinbaum eaghtyrane ny çheerey.

Ta 3 parteeyn politickagh mooarey ayns Meksico. T'ad:

* PAN: Partido Acción Nacional. She partee libraalagh cumaadagh ta PAN. Ta'n shenn-eaghtyrane, Vicente Fox, ny oltey jeh'n phartee shen.
* PRI: Partido Revolucionario Institucional. Partee soshiallagh va'n partee shoh hoshiaght, agh ta reayrt libraalagh echey jiu.
* PRD: Partido de la Revolución Democrática. Ta'n PRD ny phartee soshiallagh-meanagh va bunnit 'sy vlein 1989. Ta Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas ny oltey jeh'n phartee.

## Steatyn

## Imraaghyn
Preeu-valley

Dy cadjin, she **preeu-valley** yn balley smoo as yn balley strimmey 'sy çheer. Trooid as trooid ta'n reiltys, yn ard-whaiyl as ny commynyn argidagh strimmey soit ayn.

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Rolley preeu-valjyn
Yn Varoc

She çheer ayns yn Affrick ee **yn Varoc** ( *al-Maghrib*; Berberish: ⵍⵎⴻⵖⵔⵉⴱ / ⴰⵎⴻⵔⵔⵓⴽ *Elmeɣrib* / *Amerruk*). T'ee çhemmit liorish yn Algear da'n shiar, y Varitaan da'n jiass trooid y Sahara Heear as liorish y Spaainey da'n twoaie (joarey ushtey 'sy Veanvooir as joaraghyn thallooin lesh daa valley seyrey ny Spaainey, Ceuta as Melilla). She Rabat preeu-valley ny çheerey.
Sostyn

Ta **Sostyn** ( ny ; Baarle: *England*) ny çheer as ny cooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit. T'ee çhemmit liorish Nalbin da'n twoaie as liorish Bretin da'n sheear. T'ee çhemmit myrgeddin liorish Mooir Hostyn da'n shiar, Mooir Vannin da'n sheear hwoaie, y Vooir Cheltiagh as Keyllys Vristol da'n sheear yiass, as Mooir yn Eeaght da'n jiass. She Lunnin preeu-valley Hostyn, as t'eh ny chryss baljagh smoo ayns y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as nane jeh ny baljyn smoo 'syn Oarpey. Rere ooley-pobble ny bleeaney 2006 va ny smoo na 50 millioonyn cummaltee 'sy çheer.

## Kianglaghyn magh
Himnusz

She arrane ashoonagh oikoil ny h-Ungaar eh **Himnusz** (Gaelg: *Hymn*), ny **Isten, áldd meg a magyart** (Gaelg: *Dy Bannee Jee ny h-Ungaaree*) dy neu-oikoil.

## Focklyn
Isten, áldd meg a magyart

Jó kedvvel, bőséggel,

Nyújts feléje védő kart,

Ha küzd ellenséggel;

Bal sors akit régen tép,

Hozz rá víg esztendőt,

Megbűnhődte már e nép

A múltat s jövendőt!

Őseinket felhozád

Kárpát szent bércére,

Általad nyert szép hazát

Bendegúznak vére.

S merre zúgnak habjai

Tiszának, Dunának,

Árpád hős magzatjai

Felvirágozának.

Értünk Kunság mezein

Ért kalászt lengettél,

Tokaj szőlővesszein

Nektárt csepegtettél.

Zászlónk gyakran plántálád

Vad török sáncára,

S nyögte Mátyás bús hadát

Bécsnek büszke vára.

Hajh, de bűneink miatt

Gyúlt harag kebledben,

S elsújtád villámidat

Dörgő fellegedben,

Most rabló mongol nyilát

Zúgattad felettünk,

Majd töröktől rabigát

Vállainkra vettünk.

Hányszor zengett ajkain

Ozman vad népének

Vert hadunk csonthalmain

Győzedelmi ének!

Hányszor támadt tenfiad

Szép hazám, kebledre,

S lettél magzatod miatt

Magzatod hamvvedre!

Bújt az üldözött, s felé

Kard nyúlt barlangjában,

Szerte nézett s nem lelé

Honját e hazában,

Bércre hág és völgybe száll,

Bú s kétség mellette,

Vérözön lábainál,

S lángtenger fölette.

Vár állott, most kőhalom,

Kedv s öröm röpkedtek,

Halálhörgés, siralom

Zajlik már helyettek.

S ah, szabadság nem virul

A holtnak véréből,

Kínzó rabság könnye hull

Árvák hő szeméből!

Szánd meg Isten a magyart

Kit vészek hányának,

Nyújts feléje védő kart

Tengerén kínjának.

Bal sors akit régen tép,

Hozz rá víg esztendőt,

Megbűnhődte már e nép

A múltat s jövendőt!
Yn Egypt

She çheer 'syn Affrick ee **yn Egypt** ny **Eajipt**. T'ee çhemmit liorish y Leeb da'n sheear, y Toodaan da'n jiass, Israel as y Vooir Ruy da'n shiar, as y Veanvooir da'n twoaie. She Cairo preeu-valley ny çheerey. T'ee nane jeh bun-olteynyn y Chommeeys Arabagh.
Hugo Chávez

She Eaghtyrane y Veneswaaley va **Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías** (28 Jerrey Souree 1954 &ndash; 5 Mayrnt 2013).

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Blog persoonagh oikoil 
* 
* 

|-

|-
Vicente Fox

Va **Vicente Fox Quesada** (behrt er 2 Jerrey Souree, 1942) ny Eaghtyrane Veksico veih 2000 derrey 2006.
Álvaro Uribe Vélez

She politickeyr Colombagh eh **Álvaro Uribe Vélez** (ruggit er 4 Jerrey Souree 1952). V'eh ny Eaghtyrane er y Colombey eddyr 2002 as 2010. T'eh poost rish Lina Moreno de Uribe as ta daa vac echey, Tomás as Jerónimo.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Álvaro Uribe Velez
* 
* 
*
Yn Chorn

Ta'n **Chorn** (Cornish: *Kernow*, Baarle: *Cornwall*) ny choontae ayns sheear yiass Hostyn. Ta'n coontae soit er lieh-innys çheu heear jeh awin An Tamer. Cha nel agh un ard-valley 'sy choontae, Truru, as t'eh ny phreeu-valley er y choontae. Ta'n Chorn 3,563 km² er eaghtyr, cur ny Skillee, ta soit 45 km magh 'syn aarkey, 'syn earroo. Ta 513,528 cummaltee 'sy choontae lesh glooaght injil y phobble ta mygeayrt 144/km².

Ta'n Chorn ard-ennymagh er son y voanee feie, y choose foddey as eigsoylagh, as yn emshir bog. T'ee ard-ennymagh er son shenndaaleeaght yn eash chloaie as yn eash çhynskylagh, y çheer yalloo meaineraght er-lheh, as ee ny ynnyd eiraght y dowan. She yn turrysagh nane jeh ny çhynskylyn smoo scanshoil (24%) 'sy choontae, agh ta'n Chorn foast nane jeh ny coondaeghyn smoo boght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit (62% faillee meanagh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit)

Nane jeh ny h-ashoonyn Celtiagh t'ayns y Chorn, as ta çhengey Cheltiagh, y Chornish, loayrit aynjee, ga-yeih agh ec tree thousane seyranee. Ta sleih ennagh feyshtaghey stayd bunraghtagh ny Corn laaragh as ta sleih elley geearree hene-reiltys ny Corn.

## Bun-ocklaght

Ta'n ennym Baarlagh *Cornwall* gowit ass covestey daa enmys ass daa hengey scart.

Hugg ny Rauee yn ennym *[[Cornovii (Cornagh)|Cornovii]]* er clein Celtiagh v'ayns y çheer ec traa stiurey ny Rauee. Va'n ennym shen er fys ec ny Brythonee myr *Corneu*, ny *Kernow* ayns y Chornish noa-emshiragh. Foddee dy vel yn ennym shen ass daa vun; foddee dy vel mooinjerys eddyr eh as y 'raue Celtiagh *cern*, ny ass y 'raue Ladjynagh *cornu* ta'n bree "cayrn" ny "eairk" currit er y daa lhiaggan, as ad cowraghey cummey thallooin ny Corn. Va'n sleih ayn roie-vunnit as lesh shen va'n çheer oc recortyssit myr Cornubia roish ny bleeaney 700 RC, as yn enmys shen keeayllaghey "sleih yn eairk" ny "sleih y chayrn".

Rish ny 6oo as 7oo eashyn, va'n enmys Cornubia cleaynaghit liorish mooar-chaghlaaghyn 'sy Çhenn-Vaarle. Hugg ny h-Anglo-Sostnee y meer yerree *wealas* da fir quaagh, as va'n enmys noa *Corn-wealas* currit er bun. Ta screeudeyryn shennaghys ennagh cowraghey da vel *wealas* n'ockle Anglo-Sostnagh son Bretin, agh t'eh er credjal dy vel yn enmys shen ry-ymmydit son dagh peiagh Brythonagh.


## Politickaght as reirey

## Imraaghyn
God Save the King

Ta **God Save the King**, ny **God Save the Queen**, arrane ashoonagh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, Ellan Norfolk, nane jeh'n daa arrane ashoonagh ayns ny h-Ellanyn Cayman as y Teelynn Noa (veih 1977), as arrane reeoil ny Canadey (veih 1980), ny h-Austrail (veih 1984), Vannin, ny Beleesh, ny Jamaicey, as Huvalu.


**GOD SAVE THE KING**

God save our gracious King,
Long live our noble King,
God save the King:
Send him victorious,
Happy and glorious,
Long to reign over us:
God save the King. 

Thy choicest gifts in store,
On him be pleased to pour;
Long may he reign:
May he defend our laws,
And ever give us cause
To sing with heart and voice (1)
God save the King. (2)

O Lord, our God, arise,
Scatter thine (*or* his) enemies,
And make them fall:
Confound their politics,
Frustrate their knavish tricks,
On thee our hopes we fix:
God save us all. 

Not in this land alone,
But be God's mercies known,
From shore to shore!
Lord make the nations see,
That men should brothers be,
And form one family,
The wide world over.

From every latent foe,
From the assassins blow,
God save the King!
O'er him thine arm extend,
For Britain's sake defend,
Our father, prince, and friend,
God save the King!

Lord grant that Marshal Wade
May by thy mighty aid
Victory bring.
May he sedition hush,
And like a torrent rush,
Rebellious Scots to crush.
God save the King!
Angela Merkel

She politickeyr Germaanagh **Angela Dorothea Merkel** (ruggit er 17 Jerrey Souree 1954 ayns Hamburg, y Ghermaan). She Shansyleyr y Ghermaan v'ee eddyr 2005 as 2021.

V'ee ruggit ayns Hamburg. V'ee troggit ayns Pobblaght Gheynlagh y Ghermaan, raad hie ee gys Aachruinnaght y Ghermaan ayns 1990. T'ee poost rish Joachim Sauer. She ben toshee Unnaneys Deynlagh Creestee yn Ghermaan (CDU) t'ee.

Haink ee dy ve yn chied ven-hansyleyr ayns co-reiltys yn CDU/CSU as SPD.
Jacques Chirac

Va **Jacques Chirac** ny eaghtyrane ny Frank veih 17 Boaldyn 1995 derrey 16 Boaldyn 2007.V'eh ruggit er 29 Mee Houney 1932 ayns Paarys as hooar eh baase er 26 Mean Fouyir 2019.
Yn Rank

Ta'n **Rank** (, : ), ny **Pobblaght y Rank** dy h-oikoil (, ), ny çheer ta soit 'syn Oarpey Heear, lesh shiartanse dy chroghaneyn as thallooyn harrish mooir as ad nyn soie er mooar-rheynnyn elley. Ta'n Rank Vooarheeragh sheeyney veih'n Veanvooir dys Mooir yn Eeaght as Mooir Hostyn, as veih'n Rhine dys y Cheayn Sheear. Ta'n ennym *L’Hexagone* ("Y Shey-Lhiattaghan") currit urree dy mennick er oyr cummey towse-oaylleeagh y thalloo eck. Ta'n Rank ny pobblaght lieh-eaghtyraneagh unnaneagh as ny preeu ard-smooinaghtyn focklit magh ayns Fogrey ry hoi Cairyn Sheelnaue as y Teyraanagh.

Ta'n Rank Vooarheeragh çhemmit (lesh y chlag veih'n twoaie) liorish y Velg, Lucsemburg, y Ghermaan, yn Elveeish, yn Iddaal, Monaco, Andorra, as y Spaainey. Ta joaraghyn thallooin ec rheynnyn as co-chadjinyssyn harrish mooir y Rank myrgeddin. Ta Geeaaney Rangagh ayns America Yiass çhemmit liorish y Vrasseel da'n shiar as y jiass, as liorish y Toorinam da'n sheear. Ta Co-chadjinys Noo Martyn çhemmit rish Sint Maarten 'sy Vooir Charibagh chammah. Ta'n Rank kianglt rish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit liorish Thiollane Vooir Eeaght, as eh goll fo Mooir yn Eeaght.

Ta'n Rank ny çheer smoo 'syn Unnaneys Oarpagh er eaghtyr. Va'n Rank ny pooar mooar feie ram eashyn lesh cleayney tarmaynagh, cultooragh, cahnagh as politickagh niartal eck. Car y 17-oo as y 18-oo eash, ren y Rank coloinagh er ayrnyn mooarey jeh America Hwoaie; car y 19-oo as y 20-oo eash, va'n nah impiraght smoo jeh'n traa eck er ny hroggal ec y Rank, as ee goaill stiagh ayrnyn mooarey jeh'n Affrick Hwoaie, Heear as Veanagh, yn Aishey Hiar Yiass, as ram ellanyn y Cheayn Sheealtagh.

Ta'n Rank ny çheer lhiasit as ta'n queigoo harmaynys smoo 'sy theihll eck rere LTS ennymagh Ta'n Rank ny bun-oltey jeh'n Unnaneys Oarpagh as ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit as t'ee ny h-holtey jeh'n Francophonie y G8, yn RCAH, yn RCTL, yn RTT as yn Unnaneys Ladjynagh. T'ee ny h-oltey beayn jeh Coonseil Hickyrys ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit.

## Noteyn

## Imraaghyn
Ny h-Emmiraidyn Arabagh Unnaneysit

She çheer ayns yn Aishey ad **ny h-Emmiraidyn Arabagh Unnaneysit**. T'ad çhemmit liorish yn Araab Saudi da'n sheear as da'n jiass, as liorish yn Omaan da'n shiar. She Abu Dhabi yn preeu-valley.

## Imraaghyn
George W. Bush

Ta **George Walker Bush** (ruggit er 6 Jerrey Souree, 1946) ny 44oo Eaghtyrane as ny Eaghtyrane roie er ny Steatyn Unnaneyssit. V'eh ny 46oo Kiannoort er Texas veih 1995 derrey 2000 roish haink eh dy ve ny Eaghtyrane.
Steatyn Unnaneysit America

She pobblaght chonastagh eaghtyraneagh ad **Steatyn Unnaneysit America** (), ta enmyssit **ny Steatyn Unnaneysit** (), **S.U.A.** () as **America** chammah. Ta'n çheer jeant seose ass jeih steat as daeed cur liorish slyst chonastagh. Er y chooid smoo, ta'n çheer soit ayns America Hwoaie veanagh, raad dy vel hoght steatyn as daeed, chammah as y clyst chonastagh, soit eddyr y Cheayn Sheear as y Cheayn Sheealtagh. T'ad çhemmal rish y Chanadey 'sy twoaie as Meksico 'sy jiass. Ta Alaska soit ayns sheear hwoaie yn vooar-rheynn as raad t'eh çhemmit rish y Chanadey 'sy niar echey as rish y Roosh 'sy neear tessen Mooir Bering. Ta Hawaii ny ellanragh soit 'sy Cheayn Sheealtagh Meanagh. Ta shiartanse dy hallooyn echey ta skeaylt magh mygeayrt y Vooir Charibagh as y Cheayn Sheealtagh.

## Steatyn ny Steatyn Unnaneysit

## Noteyn

## Imraaghyn
Yn Valta

She çheer as ellanragh ayns yn Europey ee **yn Valta**. She Valletta preeu-valley ny çheerey.

## Noteyn

## Imraaghyn
Yn Iddaal

Ta'n **Iddaal** () ny **Pobblaght yn Iddaal** (Iddaalish: ) ny çheer soit er lieh-innys yn Iddaal ayns jiass yn Oarpey, as er y ghaa ellan smoo 'sy Veanvooir, y Çhissyl as y Tardeen. T'ee çhemmit liorish y Rank da'n sheear hwoaie, yn Elveeish as yn Austeyr da'n twoaie, as liorish y Clovean da'n shiar hwoaie. Ta San Marino as Ard-Valley yn Phaab daa phaal seyr çheusthie jeh lieh-innys yn Iddaal.

## Noteyn

## Imraaghyn
Ard-valley yn Phaab

Ta **Ard-valley yn Phaab** () ny steat baljagh thallooinit çheu sthie jeh'n Raue. T'eh ny steat sloo er y chruinney rere earroo yn phobble (mysh 800 cummaltee) as rere eaghtyr (0.44 km²).

## Noteyn

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
*  y Toiag Chasherick
*
Fidel Castro

She bun-chaghlaader as politickeyr Coobagh va **Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz** ( ) (13 Luanistyn 1926 &ndash; 25 Sauin 2016). She Ard-vinishter y Choobey v'eh eddyr 1959 as 1976, as Eaghtyrane eddyr 1976 as 2008. Chur eh pooar dys e vraar Raúl Castro dy shallidagh ayns sourey yn vlein 2006 tra v'eh slaanaghey veih laue-lheeys. Er 19 Toshiaght Arree 2008, ren eh fogrey magh nagh vees eh çheet er ash dys pooar. V'eh ayns shelloo pooar feie 49 bleeaney.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
* 
* Oraidyn Fidel Castro
* Tashtlann Shennaghys Fidel Castro ec y *[[Marxists Internet Archive]]*
* 
* Fidel Castro (karacteyr) ec IMDb
* Recortyssyn Fidel Castro ec FBI Records: The Vault
* Fidel Castro: A Life in Pictures – *[[BBC News]]*
* Fidel Castro: From Rebel to El Presidente – linney-traa liorish *[[NPR]]*
* Fidel Castro – mooar-veashnys liorish *[[Barcelona Centre for International Affairs]]*
Yn Austeyr

She pobblaght chonastagh as çheer hallooinit 'syn Oarpey Veanagh ee **yn Austeyr** ( [ˈøːstɐˌʁaɪç]), ny **Pobblaght yn Austeyr** (Germaanish: ). T'ee çhemmal rish y Phobblaght Çheck as y Ghermaan 'sy twoaie, rish yn Ungaar as y Clovack 'sy niar, rish y Clovean as yn Iddaal 'sy jiass, as rish yn Elveeish as Liechtenstein 'sy neear. Ta'n Austeyr 83,879&nbsp;km2 (32,386&nbsp;mi&nbsp;ker) er eaghtyr as 'sy vlein 2015 va ny smoo na 8.66&nbsp;millioon dooinney cummal ayn. She çheer leitagh t'ayn, as y chooid smoo jeh'n çheer ny lhie çheusthie jeh ny Beinnyn Alpagh; cha nel agh 32% jeh'n çheer ny lhie ny s'inshley na 500&nbsp;m (1,640&nbsp;tr). She Großglockner, 3,798&nbsp;m (12,461&nbsp;tr) er yrjid, y poynt s'yrjey ayn. She Veen preeu-valley yn çheer as ish ny caayr smoo 'sy çheer chammah. Ta mooinjer y çheer loayrt abbyrtyn ynnydagh y Ghermaanish myr çhengey ny mayrey, as she Germaanish y çhengey oikoil. Ta staydys oikoil ynnydagh ec yn Ungaarish, Croitish Burgenland as y Cloveanish chammah.

## Imraaghyn
Yn Velg

Ta'n **Belg**, ny **Reeriaght y Velg** (Ollanish: *Koninkrijk België*, Frangish: *Royaume de Belgique*, Germaanish: *Königreich Belgien*) ny çheer 'syn Oarpey Heear. T'ee ny bun-oltey jeh'n Unnaneys Oarpagh as ta kione-cherroo yn unnaneys ny hoie aynjee, myrane lesh kione-cherrooyn sheshaghtyn eddyrashoonagh mooarey elley, goaill stiagh RCAH (NATO). Ta'n Velg 30,528 kilometeryn kerrinagh (11,787 mi ker) er eaghtyr as ta 10.7 millioonyn dy chummaltee 'sy çheer.

Ta'n çheer goalscarrey harrish y joarey cultooragh eddyr yn Oarpey Ghermaanagh as Ladjynagh, as ta'n çheer ny balley da daa phreeu-phossan çhengoaylleeagh, ny Flandrynee as ny Frangisheyryn, Walloonee son y chooid smoo, myrane lesh possan beg dy Ghermaanisheyryn. T'ad y daa ard smoo 'sy Velg na'n ard Ollanish &ndash; yn Flandyryn &ndash; 'sy twoaie lesh 59% jeh sleih-earroo ny çheerey, as yn ard Frangish &ndash; yn Walloon &ndash; ayns jiass ny çheerey as lesh 31% jeh sleih-earroo ny çheerey. Ta Ard Preeuvaljagh ny Brussyl, daa-hengagh dy h-oikoil, ny h-ard Frangish son y chooid smoo as eh ny hoie çheusthie jeh'n Ard Flandrynagh. Ta 10% jeh sleih-earroo ny çheerey ayn. Ta possan beg dy Ghermaanisheyryn ry-gheddyn ayns shiar y Walloon myrgeddin. Ta neuchaslid hengoaylleeagh y Velg as ny streeughyn cultooragh as politickagh ta bentyn reeish aahoilshit ayns shennaghys politickagh ny çheerey as ta corys cast dy reiltys aynjee.

Ta'n fockle 'Belg' çheet magh ass *[[Gallia Belgica]]*, queiggey Romanagh ayns shiar hwoaie Ghoal as y boayl shen cummaltit liorish ny *[[Belgae]]*, mestey Celtiee as Germaanagh. Dy shendeeagh, va'n Velg, y Çheer Injil as Lucsemburg er enney ain myr ny Çheeraghyn Injil, as ad coodaghey ard beggan ny smoo na'n ard Benelux jeh'n laa t'ain jiu. Veih jerrey ny Mean Eashyn derrey'n 17-oo eash, v'ee ny h-ynnyd raahagh son traght as cultoor. Veih'n 16-oo eash derrey irree magh y Velg ayns 1830, va shiartanse dy chaggaghyn eddyr cummaghtyn Oarpagh cosnit ayns ard y Velg, as er yn oyr shen hooar y çheer yn ennym "magher caggee yn Oarpey" — ambee va niartit liorish y daa Chaggey Dowanagh. Nar hooar y Velg e neuchrogheydys, ren ee commeeys 'sy Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh as, ec jerrey'n nuyoo eash jeig, va shiartanse dy choloinyn eck. Va'n nah lieh jeh'n 20-oo eash cowrit lesh aase streeughyn co-phobbylagh eddyr ny Flandrynee as ny Frangisheyryn as ad lhieenit marish anchaslidyn cultooragh er un çheu as aafilley tarmaynagh sprangagh ny Flandyryn as y Walloon er y çheu elley. Kyndagh rish shen cha nel y Velg ny steat unnaneagh ny smoo, agh ny steat conastagh.

## Imraaghyn
Lucsemburg

Ta **Lucsemburg**, ny **Ard-diucaght Lucsemburg** dy h-oikoil (, , ), ny çheer veg hallooinit 'syn Oarpey Heear. T'ee çhemmit liorish y Velg, y Rank, as y Ghermaan. Ta begnagh lieh-villoon cummaltee ayns Lucsemburg as ad cummal ayns çheer ta 2,586 kilometeryn kerrinagh (999&nbsp;meeilaghyn kerrinagh) er eaghtyr.

Ta Lucsemburg ny deynlaghys reihdagh ard-whaiylagh lesh reeriaght vunraghtoil; t'ee fo reirey ec Ard Diuc, as t'ee ny h-Ard-Diucaght yerrinagh 'sy theihll. Ta tarmaynys ny çheerey feer lhiasit, lesh Lane Troar Sthie yn dooinney s'yrjey rere y TAE (IMF) as Banc y Theihill. Ta'n scansh shendeeagh as strateyshagh goaill toshiaght ec y vunneeaght eck myr doon ass yn eash Romanagh as myr ynnyd cashtal da eearley Frankagh ayns ny Mean Eashyn Leah V'ee ny doon scanshoil er y raad Spaainagh nar va'n Spaainey ny cummaght Oarpagh s'troshey as ee cleayney y lieh heear jeh'n theihll er feie car ny 16-oo as ny 17-oo eashyn.

Ta Lucsemburg ny bun-oltey jeh'n Unnaneys Oarpagh, RCAH, RCTL, ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit, Benelux, as yn Unnaneys Oarpagh Heear, as eh shen aahoilshey magh tuarym politickagh er son co-hymey cahnagh, politickagh as tarmaynagh. Ta balley Lucsemburg, y preeu-valley as y balley smoo, kione-cherroo shiartanse dy undinyssyn as jantyssyn jeh'n Unnaneys Oarpagh.

Ta Lucsemburg ny soie er scarrey cultooragh eddyr yn Oarpey Romanagh as yn Oarpey Ghermaanagh, as ee yeeassaghey cliaghtaghyn veih ny tradishoonyn shen er lheh. Ta Lucsemburg ny çheer tree-hengagh; ta staydys oikoil ec Germaanish, Frangish as Lucsemburgish. Faagail magh dy vel Lucsemburg ny steat neuvonnagh, ta'n çheer ny çheer Chatoleagh son y chooid smoo.

## Noteyn

## Imraaghyn
Ladjyn

She çhengey chlassicagh lesh y vanglane Iddaalagh jeh ny çhengaghyn Ind-Oarpagh ee yn **Latin** ( ny ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Ta **Ladjyn** (*lingua Latīna*) ny çhengey Iddaalagh, va loayrit ayns Latium as 'sy Çhenn Raue.

## Noteyn
Rolley Ard-Vinishteryn y Spaainey

## Pobblaght ([[1931]] - [[1939]])
*Manuel Azaña Díaz (1931 - 1933)
*Alejandro Lerroux García (1933)
*Diego Martínez Barrio (1933)
*Alejandro Lerroux García (1933 - 1934)
*Ricardo Samper e Ibañez (1934)
*Alejandro Lerroux García (1934 - 1935)
*Joaquín Chapaprieta Torregrosa (1935)
*Manuel Portela Valladares (1935 - 1936)
*Manuel Azaña Díaz (1936)
*Santiago Casares Quiroga (1936)
*José Giral Pereira (1936)
*Francisco Largo Caballero (1936 - 1937)
*Juan Negrín López (1937 - 1939)

## Ard-reillaght [[Francisco Franco Bahamonde|Franco]]
*Francisco Franco Bahamonde (1 Jerrey Fouyir 1936 - 9 Mean Souree 1973)
*Luis Carrero Blanco (9 Mean Souree 1973 - 20 Mee ny Nollick 1973)
*Torcuato Fernández Miranda (20 Mee ny Nollick 1973 - 31 Mee ny Nollick 1973)
*Carlos Arias Navarro (31 Mee ny Nollick 1973 - 3 Jerrey Souree 1976)

## Aachouyr Deynlagh
*Adolfo Suárez González (3 Jerrey Souree 1976 &ndash; 25 Toshiaght Arree 1981)
*Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo Bustelo (25 Toshiaght Arree 1981 &ndash; 1 Mee ny Nollick 1982)
*Felipe González Márquez (1 Mee ny Nollick 1982 &ndash; 4 Boaldyn 1996]
*José María Aznar López (4 Boaldyn 1996 &ndash; 17 Averil 2004)
*José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (17 Averil 2004 &ndash; 21 Mee ny Nollick 2011)
*Mariano Rajoy Brey (21 Mee ny Nollick dy 2011 &ndash; 2 Mean Souree 2018)
*Pedro Sánchez Pérez-Castejón (2 Mean Souree 2018 &ndash; jiu)
1936

## Taghyrtyn
*

## Ruggyryn
* 2 Jerrey Geuree - Roger Miller, arraneyder Americaanagh.
* 28 Jerrey Geuree - Alan Alda, cloieder Americaanagh.
* 17 Boaldyn - Dennis Hopper, cloieder Americaanagh.
* 2 Mean Souree - Sally Kellerman, ben chloie Americaanagh.
* 22 Mee ny Nollick - Wojciech Frykowski, cloieder Polynnagh

## Baaseyn
* 18 Jerrey Geuree - Rudyard Kipling, screeudeyr Sostynagh
Yn Danvarg

Ta'n **Danvarg** (, , shenn-emshiragh: ) ny çheer Loghlinagh 'syn Oarpey Hwoaie as t'ee ny h-oltey shinsharagh jeh Reeriaght y Danvarg. T'ee ny çheer smoo jiassagh jeh ny Çheeraghyn Nordagh; çheu heear yiass veih'n Toolynn as çheu yiass veih Norlynn, as t'ee çhemmit da'n jiass liorish y Ghermaan. Ta'n Danvarg caglit liorish y Vooir Valtagh da'n shiar as Mooir Hostyn da'n sheear myrgeddin. Ta'n çheer jeant seose jeh lieh-innys mooar Jylland (ny Jutland) as ram ellanyn, y Teelynn (Sjælland), Fyn, Vendsyssel-Thy, Lolland, Falster as Bornholm, chammah as keeadyn dy ellanyn beggey elley as yn ennym yn Ellanragh Danvargagh currit orroo. Ta beeal dys y Vooir Valtagh stiurit as fo smaght ec y Danvarg er feie traa liauyr, er oyr nagh vel entreilys dys y Vooir harrish ushtey jargal agh trooid nane jeh tree ammyryn, er enney lhien myr "Keyllyssyn y Danvarg".

Ta'n Danvarg ny reeriaght vunraghtoil lesh corys ard-whaiylagh myr corys reiltys eck. Ta reiltys ec keim y steat eck as reiltyssyn ynnydagh ayns 98 baljaghtyn. Ta'n Danvarg ny h-oltey jeh'n Unnaneys Oarpagh veih'n vlein 1973, agh cha nel y çheer ny cooid jeh cryss yn oarey. Ta'n Danvarg ny bun-oltey jeh'n RCAH (NATO) as yn RCTL.

Ta'n Danvarg, lesh tarmaynys capitlagh seyr-vargagh as steat lhiassee mooar ayn, rang-oardit rere un towse, myr y chied çheer 'sy theihll lesh y cheim s'yrdjey dy cho-chormid çheet stiagh. Rere yn earishlioar dellal Americaanagh *[[Forbes]]*, ta'n çhymmyltaght dellal share 'sy theihll ec y Danvarg. Veih 2006 dys 2008, chur towshanyn y Danvarg myr "y boayl s'maynrey 'sy theihll," as ny h-eiyrtyssyn shen bunnit er towshanyn slaynt, lhiassee, as ynsee. Ta Ayndagh Shee Dowanagh jeh'n vlein 2009 rang-oardraghey yn Danvarg myr y nah heer 'sy theihll er cooishyn shee, lurg y Teelynn Noa. Ayns Ayndagh Tastidyn Sollaghey-Laue ny bleeaney 2008 va'n Danvarg rang-oardit myr y çheer lesh y chooid by loo jeh sollaghey-laue 'sy theihll, as y stayd shen rheynnit lesh y Toolynn as y Teelynn Noa.

Ta'n çhengey ashoonagh, y Danvargish, cosoylagh rish y Toolynnish as y Norlynnish, as ta kianglaghyn shenndeeagh as cultooragh lajer eddyr ny tree cultooryn. Ta 82.0% jeh cummaltee yn Danvarg as 90.3% jeh ny Danvargee nyn olteynyn jeh agglish Lutheragh y steat. Ta seyraanaght joarree ec mygeayrt 9% jeh sleih-earroo ny çheerey; ta'n chooid smoo jeu çheet ass çheeraghyn Loghlinagh elley.

## Cultoor
Ta ennym mooar er ram Danvargee 'sy theihll cultooragh, lheid as y skeeandagh Ole Rømer, y fallsoonagh Søren Kierkegaard, y screeudeyr Hans Christian Andersen, y fishigagh Niels Bohr, as Lars Ulrich ass Metallica.

## Noteyn

## Imraaghyn
Danvargish

She fer jeh ny çhengaghyn Germaanagh Hwoaie ta goll er loayrt ec mysh 6 millioonyn dy leih ee **yn Danvargish** (, focklit magh myr [danˀsɡ̊]). T'ee goll er loayrt 'sy Danvarg da'n chooid smoo, agh t'ee myr çhengey ghooie ec 50,000 Germaanee jeh sluight Danvargagh ayns ayrnyn twoaie Schleswig-Holstein, y Ghermaan, raad ta staydys eck myr myn-çhengey. Lhisagh da dagh peiagh ynsaghey'n Danvargish 'sy scoill ayns ny thallooyn Danvargagh Ellanyn ny Geyrragh (raad ta staydys oikoil eck) as Greenlynn, chammah as 'syn Eeslynn.
Yn Vutaan

She çheer 'syn Aishey ee **yn Vutaan**, ny **yn Vootaan**. T'ee soit eddyr yn Injey as Deynphobblaght y Çheen. She Thimphu yn preeu-valley as y chaayr smoo.

## Imraaghyn
Yn Commeeys Celtiagh

Ta'n **Commeeys Celtiagh** ny heshaght neu-reiltyssagh ta cur hene-reddey as enney as cultoor Celtiagh er oaie ayns Nerin, ayns Nalbin, ayns Bretyn, 'sy Vritaan, 'sy Chorn as ayns Mannin. T'eh cur trimmid er lheh er ny çhengaghyn Celtiagh dooghyssagh. Ta enney currit er y çheshaght ec ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit myr sheshaght neu-reiltyssagh as "Staydys Rolley" eck. Ta'n çheshaght ny h-oltey jeh Coonseil Hoshiallagh as Harmaynagh ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit.

## Ennym
Ayns ny çhengaghyn oikoil jeh'n çheshaght, ta'n Commeeys Celtiagh goll er enney myr:
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Deanyn
Ta deanyn y Chommeeys Celtiagh goaill stiagh:
* "Greesaghey yn co-obbraghey eddyr ny h-ashoonyn Celtiagh."
* "Lhiassaghey yn cho-yssaght jeh'n mooinjerys er lheh as y ghloo-pharteeaght eddyr oc."
* "Cur fys da'n theihll fo ny strepaghyn ashoonagh as ny cooilleenaghyn oc."
* "Jannoo troddan son cur er bun co-heshaght formoil jeh ny h-ashoonyn Celtiagh tra ta seyrsnys feddynit magh ec daa heer ny ny smoo."
* "Moylley yn ymmyd jeh ny saaseyn ashoonagh ayns dagh fer jeh ny h-ashoonyn Celtiagh son vondeish jeh dagh persoon."

Dy politickagh, ta'n Commeeys Celtiagh shirrey seyrsnys da dagh fer jeh ny h-ashoonyn unnaneysit as kiangley ennagh oc. Ta anchaslys ayn mychione toiggalys ny deanyn shen, eddyr ard-chruinnaghtyn as conastey gollrish y Choonseil Nordagh.

## Banglaneyn
Ta shey preeu-oik ayn jeh'n chommeeys, as ny h-enmyn ynnydoil Celtiagh currit orroo; myr sampleyr, ta Nerin enmyssit myr *[[Éire]]*, Nalbin myr *[[Alba]]*, Bretyn myr *Cymru*, y Vritaan myr *Breizh*, y Chorn myr *Kernow*, as Mannin myr *Mannin*.

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

Ta banglane eddyr-ashoonagh ayn, as king elley ta soit ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit as Lunnin. Va banglane ayn ayns Ellan Cheap Bhreatainn, y Chanadey, raad dy vel pobble Gaelgeyryn Albinagh foast ayn. Va eiyrtyssyn ayn banglaneyn y chur er bun 'syn Austrail, as ayns Glion Chubut, y Phatagoan (raad dy vel Bretnisheyryn ayn). Cha row rah ec ny h-eiyrtyssyn 'syn Austrail, agh 'sy vlein 2009 va rah ec y vanglane 'sy Phatagoan fo stiurey Mónica Jones.

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Ashoonyn Celtiagh
* Carn
* Celtiee noa-emshyragh
* Çhengaghyn Celtiagh
* Y Chohionnal Cheltiagh
* Ooilley-Cheltiaghys
* Rolley Celtiee

## Imraaghyn

## Lhaih neesht
* Ellis, Peter Berresford *The Celtic Dawn*
* Tanner, Marcus *Last of the Celts*

## Kianglaghyn mooie
* Celtic League Website
* Celtic League, American branch   
* Celtic League, International Site   
* Celtic League, Scottish Branch
Yn Chanadey

She çheer ayns America Hwoaie ee **yn Chanadey** (Baarle as ). She yn Chanadey yn nah heer smoo er y theihll lurg y Roosh. Ta'n çheer çhemmal rish ny Steatyn Unnaneyssit 'sy jiass (rish ny Steatyn Unnaneysit colhiantagh) as 'sy niar hwoaie (rish Alaska). Ta'n çheer çhemmit liorish yn Cheayn Sheear, y Keayn Sheealtagh, as y Vooir Arctagh. She Toronto yn ard-valley smoo, agh she Ottawa preeu-valley ny çheerey. She Baarle as Frangish ny çhengaghyn oikoil.

## Rheynnyn reiragh

She conastey jeih queiggaghyn as tree thalloo ee yn Chanadey.
* **Queiggaghyn:**
** 
** 
** 
** 
** 
** 
** 
** 
** 
** 
* **Thallooyn:**
** 
** 
** 

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Reiltys y Chanadey (**[[Baarle]], [[Frangish]]**)
* Canadian Encyclopedia'' (**[[Baarle]]**)
* The Canadian Atlas Online (**[[Baarle]]**)
Frangish

Ta **Frangish** () ny çhengey Ind-Oarpagh 'sy vanglane Romanagh. She çhengey eddyrashoonagh t'ee, ta goll er loayrt feie ny cruinney, goaill stiagh y Rank, y Velg, yn Elveeish, as ardjyn elley 'syn Oarpey, chammah as ayns shenn-choloinyn y Rank er y chooid smoo. 'S e cànan eadar-nàiseanta a th' ann, a tha air a labhairt anns an Roinn Eòrpa, Aimearaga a Tuath, Afraga agus Àisia. 'Sy traa t'er n'gholl shaghey, she Frangish y çhengey v'ec y chooid smoo jeh ooashlaght y Vrety Vooar as çheeraghyn Oarpagh elley, as s'mooar y scansh eck foast jiu 'sy reamys eddyrashoonagh.

## Sampleyryn
* *Salut* : hoi
* *Merci* : gura mie eu
* *Merci Beaucoup*: gura mie mooar eu
* *Monsieur*: mainshter
* *Madame*: ben ooasle
* *Homme* : dooinney
* *Femme* : ben
* *Fille* : ben aeg
* *Garçon*: boie
* *Poulet*: feill chirkey
* *Formidable* : yindyssagh
* *Eau* : ushtey
* *Manger* : dy ee
* *Parlez-vous français?* : Vel Frangish eu?
* *Je parle français.* : Ta Frangish aym 
* *Comment allez-vous?* : kanys ta shiu?
* *Je t'aime.* : ta graih aym ort

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Fondation Alliance française: reagheydys eddyrashoonagh son moylley yn Rangish as y chultoor Frangagh 
* Agence de promotion du FLE: Jantys son moylley yn Rangish myr çhengey yoarree
* Centre national de ressources textuelles et lexicales: fockleyryn un-çhengagh (goaill stiagh Trésor de la langue française), corpyn çhengey, a.r.e.
* 
* La langue française dans le monde 2010
Yn Elveeish

Ta'n **Elveeish** (Germaanish: *Schweiz*, Frangish: *Suisse*, Iddaalish: *Svizzera*, Romansh: *Svizra*) ny çheer Alpagh, neuchommeeagh, thallooinit 'syn Oarpey Heear. T'ee ny çheer chonastagh ta jeant sheose jeh 26 steatyn ny cantoonyn. She Berne preeu-valley ny çheerey agh t'ad ny h-ynnydyn tarmaynagh na ny h-ard-valjyn Basel, Geneva, as Zürich.

Ta'n Elveeish çhemmit liorish y Ghermaan da'n twoaie, yn Austeyr as Liechtenstein da'n shiar, yn Iddaal da'n jiass, as y Rank da'n sheear. Is çheer yl-hengagh t'aynjee as ta kiare çhengaghyn ashoonagh ayn: Germaanish, Frangish, Iddaalish as Romansh. 

## Noteyn

## Imraaghyn
Euro

Ta'n **euro** ny yn **oarey** (**[[Cowrey yn oarey|€]]**) argid cadjin oikoil ayns 21 ass 27&nbsp;çheeraghyn olteynagh (2014) jeh'n Unnaneys Oarpagh (UO).


## Çheeraghyn Chryss yn Oarey

# Austeyr, yn
# Cheeprey, y
# Çheer Injil, y
# Clovack, y
# Clovean, y
# Chroit, yn
# Estaan, yn
# Finnlynn
# Ghermaan, y
# Ghreag, y
# Iddaal, yn
# Latvey, yn
# Litaan, yn
# Lucsemburg
# Pobblaght Nerin
# Phortiugal, y
# Rank, y
# Spaainey, y
# Valta, y
# Velg, y
# Vulgeyr, y


## Kianglaghyn magh
* European Central Bank (ECB) 
* Euro (noataghyn banc)
Yn Vrasseel

She çheer ayns America Yiass ee **yn Vrasseel** () ny **Pobblaght Chonastagh y Vrasseel** (). T'ee ny çheer smoo ayns America Yiass as ny queigoo çheer smoo er y dowan. T'ee çhemmit liorish Geeaaney Rangagh, y Toorinam, Geeaaney, as y Veneswaaley d'n twoaie, y Cholombey as y Pheroo da'n sheear hwoaie, liorish y Volivia as y Pharaguay da'n sheear, liorish yn Argenteen as yn Ooraguay da'n sheear yiass, as liorish y Cheayn Sheear da'n shiar. She Brasília yn preeu-valley.

## Imraaghyn
Germaanish

She fer jeh ny çhengaghyn Germaanagh **Germaanish** (; ). She çhengey Ghermaanagh Heear ee, gollrish Baarle, Ollanish, as Affrickaanish. She fer jeh ny çhengaghyn smoo loayrit 'sy theihll t'ayn as t'ee coontit myr y chied çhengey ghooghyssagh 'syn Unnaneys Oarpagh. Ta ny smoo na 120 millioon loayrtee eck as t'ee loayrit liorish mysh 80 millioon loayrtee neu-ghooghyssagh. Ta Germaanish chadjinit goll er ynsaghey ayns scoillyn, ollooscoillyn as Undinyssyn Goethe feie yn chruinney.

Haink y chooid smoo jeh ny fockleyn ayns Germaanish woish Shenn Ghermaanish as yn lught çhengagh Injey-Oarpagh. Neeshtagh ta focklyn ayn voish Ladjyn as Ghreagish, as fir elley voish Frangish as Baarle.

Ta Germaanish goll er screeu 'syn abbyrlhit Ladjynagh.  Chammah's ny 26 lettyryn cadjin, ta tree breeocklyn ayn as U''mlaut''yn orroo (Ä/ä, Ö/ö, and Ü/ü) as y lettyr ß.

## Reamys y Ghermaanish

Ta boodeeyssyn dy Ghermaanisheyryn ry-gheddyn ayns eear-choloin Germaanagh ny Nameeb, steat ren geddyn magh e neuchrogheydys veih'n Affrick Yiass 'sy vlein 1990, myrane lesh ayns king jurnaa arraghey magh Germaanagh gys ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, y Chanadey, Meksico, y Phobblaght Ghominicagh, y Vrasseel, yn Argenteen, y Pharaguay, yn Ooraguay, y Çhillee, y Pheroo, y Veneswaaley (raad hie yn abbyrt Alemán Coloniero er ny lhiassaghey), yn Affrick Yiass, as yn Austrail. 'Sy Nameeb ta undinyssyn ynsee Germaanish freillt ec Germaanee ny Nameeb.

Rere Global Reach (2004), ta 6.9% jeh pobbyl yn eddyr-voggyl ny Ghermaanisheyryn. Rere Netz-tipp (2002), ta 7.7% jeh duillagyn yn eddyr-voggyl screeuit 'sy Ghermaanish, as rere shen t'ee ny nah hengey smoo lurg y Vaarle ayns possan ny çhengaghyn Oarpagh. Myrane lesh shen, t'ad gra dy vel 12% jeh ymmydeyryn Google goaill ynnyd jeh'n eddyr-oaie Germaanish.

### Yn Oarpey

Er y chooid smoo, ta'n Ghermaanish goll er loayrt 'sy Ghermaan (raad t'ee myr y phreeu-hengey ec 95% jeh mooinjer y çheer), 'syn Austeyr (89%), 'syn Elveeish (65%), as ec y chooid smoo jeh pobbyl Lucsemburg, as Liechtenstein.

Ta boodeeyssyn Germaanisheyryn Oarpagh ry-gheddyn 'syn Iddaal Hwoaie (ayns Tirol Yiass as ayns baljaghtyn ennagh ayns queiggaghyn elley), ayns Cantoonyn Hiar ny Belg, ayns ardjyn Frangagh ny h-Alsaash as Lorraine, as ayns baljyn beggey joarree yn eear-choontae Jylland Yiass 'sy Danvarg.

Ta boodeeyssyn Germaanisheyryn ry-gheddyn 'sy Phobblaght Çheck, 'sy Clovack, 'syn Ungaar, 'sy Pholynn, 'sy Romaan, 'sy Terb, 'sy Roosh as 'sy Chassaghstaan. Haghyr jee-chlannaghey 'sy chooid smoo jeh ny boodeeyssyn shen lurg ruightaghyn ny Germaanee lurg y Nah Chaggey Mooar as ayns ny 1980yn as ny 1990yn as mooarane dy Ghermaanee garraghey gys y Ghermaan.

## Sambyl
### Focklyn Germaanish

### Bannaghtyn as ve cooyrtoil

## Imraaghyn
Alan Alda

She cloieder fillym Americaanagh eh **Alan Alda** (ruggit myr **Alfonso Joseph D'Abruzzo** er 28 Jerrey Souree 1936).
Yn Commeeys Arabagh

Ta'n **Commeeys Arabagh** (), ny **Commeeys ny Steatyn Arabagh** () dy oikoil, ny reagheydys ardjynagh jeh steatyn Arabagh 'syn Aishey Heear Yiass as 'syn Affrick Hwoaie as Hiar Hwoaie. Va'n reagheydys bunnit ayns Cairo ny h-Egypt er 22 Mart, 1945 lesh shey olteynyn: yn Egypt, yn Earack, y Taryordaan (aa-enmyssit gys y Jordaan ny yei 1946), y Livaan, yn Araab Saudi as y Teer. Haink er y Yeaman dy ve ny oltey er 5 Boaldyn, 1945. Ec y traa t'ayn, ta 22 oltey 'sy reagheydys.

## Olteynyn as dateyn
*  - 22 Mart, 1945 (bunneyder)
*  - 22 Mart, 1945 (bunneyder)
*  - 22 Mart, 1945 (bunneyder)
*  - 22 Mart, 1945 (bunneyder)
*  - 22 Mart, 1945 (bunneyder)
*  - 22 Mart, 1945 (bunneyder)
*  - 5 Boaldyn, 1945
*  - 28 Mart, 1953
*  - 19 Jerrey Geuree, 1956
*  - 1 Jerrey Fouyir, 1958
*  - 1 Jerrey Fouyir, 1958
*  - 20 Jerrey Souree, 1961
*  - 16 Luanistyn, 1962
*  - 12 Mean Souree, 1971
*  - 11 Mean Fouyir, 1971
*  - 11 Mean Fouyir, 1971
*  - 29 Mean Fouyir, 1971
*  - 26 Mee Houney, 1973
*  - 14 Toshiaght Arree, 1974
*  - 9 Mean Fouyir, 1976
*  - 9 Averil, 1977
*  - 20 Mee Houney, 1993

## Ard-screeudeyryn
Çhengey oikoil

She **çhengey oikoil** yn çhengey smoo scanshoil ayns çheer, ta goll er ymmydey ec y reiltys as ta goll er yn ynsagh da paitçhyn ayns ny scoillyn. Ta un çhengey oikoil jeig 'syn Affrick Yiass, as tree as feed 'syn Injey, agh son y chooid smoo, cha nel agh nane ny ghaa ec dagh çheer.
Jacques Cartier

She lhuingysser as ronseyder Britaanagh va **Jacques Cartier** (; 31 Nollick 1491 &ndash; 1 Mean Fouyir 1557). Ren eh goaill stiagh yn thalloo t'er fys ain jiu myr y Chanadey myr cooid jeh'n Rank. Va Cartier y chied Oarpagh ren cur sheese as tayrn caslys-çheerey jeh Lhoob Laurys Noo as brooghyn Awin Laurys Noo. Chur eh yn ennym "Çheer ny Canadaghyn" er y thalloo shen er son ny h-enmyn va currit ec ny h-eggyssyn Iroquois er y daa valley mooar honnick eh ayn ec Stadacona (Caayr Québec) as Hochelaga (Ellan Montréal).

## Seihll leah
Va Cartier ruggit 'sy vlein 1491 ayns Sant-Maloù, purt er coose hiar hwoaie jeh'n Vritaan. Ren Cartier, va ny varrinagh doaiagh, lhiassaghey e staydys sheshoil 'sy vlein 1520 lurg ren eh poosey rish Mary Catherine des Granches, oltey jeh lught thie ooasle. Ta enney currit er e ennym mie ayns Sant-Maloù ayns recortyssyn ny bashtaghyn myr gedjey ny myr feanishagh.
James Joyce

Va **James Augustine Aloysius Joyce** (2 Toshiaght Arree 1882 - 13 Jerrey Geuree 1941) ny screeudeyr as ny vard Yernagh. 

## Kianglaghyn magh
Paarys

She preeu-valley y Rank eh **Paarys** (Frangish: *Paris*). T'eh ny valley smoo 'sy çheer lesh ny smoo na daa villioon cummaltee ayn as ny smoo na nuy millioonyn cummaltee 'sy valjaght. T'eh 86.9 km² er eaghtyr. Ta'n balley soit er y Seine, nane jeh ny h-awinyn smoo scanshoil ny çheerey. Ta'n Seine scarrey yn valley ayns daa heu, y Broogh Clee as y Broogh Jesh. Ta enney share er Paarys er son ny troggalyn ard-ghooagh echey, lhied as y Toor Eiffel, yn Arc de Triomphe as y Louvre.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Divlyn

She preeu-valley Nerin as yn ard-valley smoo ayn eh **Divlyn** ny **Balley Aah Cleeah** (,  ny ). Ta'n ennym Manninagh çheet ass *Dubh Linn* ny Yernish as eh keeayllaghey "doo lhing" ny "lhing doo". Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2006, ta ny smoo na 1 villioon dy 'leih cummal 'syn ard baljagh echey, lesh  deiney cummal 'syn ard-valley hene. Ta'n ard-valley ny hoie begnagh er y lieh-voayl er coose hiar Nerin ec inver Awin ny Liffey as ec çheshvean Ard Ghivlyn. Ta'n clyst choonseilagh hene, ta fo stiurey Choonseil Ard-valley Ghivlyn, çhemmit liorish Coontae 'ine Goal da'n twoaie, da'n sheear hwoaie as da'n shiar hwoaie, liorish Coontae Ghivlyn Yiass da'n sheear yiass, as liorish Coontae Ghoon Laoire-Rhaa yn Doon da'n shiar yiass.

Dy bunneydagh, va'n ard-valley bunnit myr balley Loghlynagh. Haink yn ard-valley dy ve ny reeriaght er enney myr Reeriaght Ghivlyn as haink urree dy ve ny preeu-valley lurg ny ruegyssyn Normanagh. Jiu, ta Divlyn ny ynnyd shenndeeagh as cultooragh da'n çheer, myrane lesh laare noa-emshyragh yn ynsee, ny h-ellynyn, y ghurneilys, yn tarmaynys as yn çhynskyl.

## Lannoonys
Ta ny baljyn shoh heese lannoonit rish Divlyn:

*  San Jose, California, Steatyn Unnaneysit America (1986) 
*  Lerphoyll, Sostyn, Reeriaght Unnaneysit (1997)
*  Barcelona, Yn Spaainey (1998)
*  Beijing, Deynphobblaght ny Sheen (2011)

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Lisbon

She **Lisbon** () preeu-valley as y balley smoo 'sy Phortiugal. She preeu-valley yn slyst Lisbon as yn ard Lisbon.
Ned Maddrell

Va **Edward "Ned" Maddrell** (20 Luanistyn 1877 &ndash; 27 Nollick, 1974) ny Ghaelgeyr, as hooar eh baase 'sy vlein 1974. V'eh ny Ghaelgeyr s'jerree ec y traa shen. Ren ad recortys jeh e choraa, t'ayns shoh. V'eh er ve abyl dy chummal e Ghaelg er-yn-oyr dy row eh loayrt rish sleih va loayrt y Ghaelg Albinagh as yn Yernish traa v'eh gobbraghey myr marrinagh as eeasteyr. Roish e vaase v'eh jannoo ymmyd jeh ram Baarle ayns e Ghaelg. Nish ansherbee, cha nel y Ghaelg marroo as ta ram sleih (1,700) loayrt ee ayns Mannin.

Lurg baase Sage Kinvig ayns 1962 she Ned Maddrell va'n ynrican peiagh er-mayrn va ruggit as troggit 'sy Ghaelg.

## Seihll aeg
Va Maddrell ruggit ayns Coar Valley, faggys da Creneash, Mannin, er 20 Luanistyn 1877 lesh yn eeasteyr Thomas Maddrell as e ven heshee Margaret Watterson. Ren eh loayrt y Vaarle derrey ren eh scughey dys Creneash son beaghey marish deiney mooinjerey echey. D'ynsee Maddrell y Ghaelg tra v'eh beaghey ayn ga nagh vel agh y Ghaelg ec e henn naunt Margaret Taubman. Ga dy row yn Ghaelg treigit myr glare y phobble son y chooid smoo jeh Mannin 'sy nah lieh jeh'n 19oo eash, v'ee foast ayn ayns ardjyn fadaneagh gollrish Creneash. Ren Maddrell aachooinaghtyn er ny traaghyn v'eh çhyndaa son shenn-chummaltee y valley beg nagh row abyl y Vaarle y loayrt.

Hoshee Maddre;; gobbragh myr coagydeyr er baatey eeastee ec 14 bleeaney d'eash, as eh shiaulley voish Purt le Moirrey dys Kione Sailley ayns Nerin as dys y Çhetlyn ayns Nalbin as ad geeastagh skeddan.

Phoose eh rish Mary Margaret Skelly ass Croit-e-Caley er 3 Jerrey Geuree 1906.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn mooie
* Sambylyn eishtagh jeh ny Çhengaghyn Celtiagh, goaill recortyssyn jeh Maddrell stiagh, as eh loayrt ayns Gaelg

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Viktor Berthold - rere coontyssyn ennagh, y Livonisheyr jerrinagh
* Dolly Pentreath - y Cornisheyr jerrinagh
* Tuone Udaina - y Dalmaatisheyr jerrinagh
Çhiarn Vannin

Ta'n enmys **Çhiarn Vannin** (Baarle: *Lord of Mann*) ymmydit ayns Mannin as eh çheet er Ree Çhalse III, Çhiarn-hellooder as toshiagh y steat.

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Kiannoortyn
* Lhiass-chiannoortyn
* Slattys Aaphooaraghey 1765
* Shennaghys Vannin
Kayt Manninagh

She sheelrey dy chiyt veih Mannin yn **kayt Manninagh** (ny **kayt cuttagh** ny **stubbin** ny keayrtyn). Ta arraghey dooghyssagh er y craue drommey oc as t'eh giarraghey yn famman orroo. Myr eiyrtys er shen ta lhiurid ny fammanyn anchasley as ta kiyt ayn lesh fammanyn cadjin er lhiurid gys adsyn gyn fammanyn erbee. Ta'n enmys "stubbin" currit orroo dy mennick ec deiney ennagh, as ayns y Vaarle ta'n enmys "cabbit" currit orroo ny keayrtyn (kyndagh rish e chosoylaght da chooneeyn). Haink dolley yn 'amman dy ve roish 1700, lurg lhehlys sheeynt er yn ellan beg. Jiu, ta kiyt Vanninagh chadjin ry gheddyn er feie ny cruinney.

Ayns beeal-arrish Sostnagh, ta'n famman beg echey currit gys lhie cummaltagh yn Ellan, t'er arraghey ny fammanyn dys couyral çhiass. Myr shen, yinnagh dorryssyn dooney ny s'tappee er y chiyt dy jinnagh ad goll stiagh, as cha jinnagh ram çhiass scapail voue.
Międzyrzec Podlaski

Ta **Międzyrzec Podlaski** (ASE: mjɛnˈd​͡zɨʐɛt​͡s pɔdˈlaski) ny valley 'sy Pholynn ta soit ayns Biała Podlaska, Queiggey Lublin. Va ny smoo na 17,000 deiney cummal ayn 'sy vlein 2006.
Yn Ooraguay

She çheer ayns America Yiass ee **yn Ooraguay**. T'ee çhemmit liorish y Vrasseel da'n twoaie as yn Argenteen da'n sheear. T'ee çhemmit liorish y Cheayn Sheear da'n shiar. She Montevideo yn preeu-valley.

## Imraaghyn
Yn Volivia

She çheer ayns America Yiass ee **yn Volivia**. T'ee çhemmit liorish y Vrasseel, y Pharaguay, yn Arjenteen, y Çhillee as y Pheroo. She Sucre as La Paz ny preeu-valjyn.

## Noteyn

## Imraaghyn
Yn Pheroo

She çheer ayns America Yiass ee **yn Pheroo** (, Quechua: *Piruw*, Aymarish: *Piruw*). T'ee çhemmit liorish Ecuador as y Cholombey da'n twoaie, y Vrasseel da'n shiar, y Volivia da'n shiar yiass, liorish y Çhillee da'n jiass as liorish y Cheayn Sheealtagh da'n sheear. She Lima yn preeu-valley.

## Imraaghyn
Gdańsk

She ard-valley er coose Baltagh y Pholynn eh **Gdańsk** (ny myr t'eh screeuit ny s'menkey, **Gdansk**;  ny ; ; , ; ). Ta'n ard-valley ny hoie ayns çheshvean y chiarroo ard moirvaljagh smoo 'sy Pholynn.

Ta'n ard-valley ny hoie er ymmyl jiass Vaie Gdańsk er y Vooir Valtagh ayns co-valjys ta jeant seose jeh'n ard-valley shen hene myrane lesh Gdynia, Sopot as boodeeyssyn fo-valjagh beggey elley. She Trójmiasto ("Tree-valley") yn ennym er yn ard shen as ny smoo na 800,000 sleih cummal ayn. Ta 455,830 cummaltee (Mean Souree 2010) ayns Gdańsk hene, as rere shen, t'eh ny ard-valley smoo ayns Pomorze.

She Gdańsk y phurt varrey smoo scanshoil 'sy Pholynn myrane lesh preeu-valley Wheiggey Pomorze. Dy shenndeeagh, t'eh ny ard-valley smoo 'sy Chashoob. T'eh soit faggys da'n joarey eearagh eddyr ny Slavee Heear as ny Germaanee as ta shennaghys cast echey. Va'n ard-valley ny ayrn jeh'n Ghermaan, jeh'n Phroosh, jeh'n Pholynn as ny ard-valley seyr keayrtyn. Hie yn ard-valley fo reirey ec y Pholynn 'sy vlein 1945.

T'eh soit er inver yn awin Motława, kianglt rish y Leniwka, crouw jeh deltey yn awin Wisła. Ta corys ushtey yn Wisła gymmyrkey 60% jeh eaghtyr y Pholynn as t'eh kiangley Gdańsk rish y phreeu-valley ashoonagh, Warszawa. She laare çhynskyllagh scanshoil t'ayn, goaill stiagh Gdynia. She oltey yn Chommeeys Hanseatagh keayrt va Gdańsk.

She boayl toshee y ghleashaght Solidarność ("Gloo-pharteeaght") t'eh as paart mooar echey fo stiurey Lech Wałęsa ayns brishey sheese y reill cummynagh 'syn Oarpey Hiar.

## Mooinjerys eddyrashoonagh

### Baljyn as ard-valjyn lannoonit
Ta Gdańsk lannoonit rish:[rere oardagh chron-oaylleeagh

## Laaragh fotografyn

image:POL Gdańsk flag.svg|Brattagh
image:Gdańsk Ratusz Głównego Miasta.jpg|Halley baljey
image:Gdansk 2004.jpg|Gdańsk
image:Pl-gdansk-baszta-labedz-zamek2006.jpg|Toor Ollay
Image:Poland Gdansk - Mariacka street.JPG|Straid Mariacka
Image:Kościół św. Katarzyny Gdańsk.jpg|Keeill Catreeney Noo
Image:Matemblewo_Sanktuarium_01_ubt.jpeg|Matamblewo


## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
Ocsitaanish

She çhengey ardjynagh ee yn **Ocsitaanish**, as ish er ny loayrt 'sy Rank, 'sy Spaainey as 'syn Iddaal. Cha nel y Rank cur monney cummal da'n çhengey, as t'ee goan nish. She Frédéric Mistral y loayreyder Oscitaanish ard-ghooagh, as t'eshyn er screeu ram daanyn 'sy çhengey.

## Imraaghyn
Toronto

Ta **Toronto** ny ard-valley ayns jiass Ontario, yn Chanadey. T'eh ny ard-valley smoo 'sy Chanadey lesh mygeayrt 5,000,000 dy chummaltee 'syn ard moirvaljagh. Va queig rheynnyn mooarey 'syn ard-valley: North York, Scarborough, Etobicoke, East York as Shenn Toronto. V'ad gyn eie ayns oaie roish 1997, traa va'n ard-valley unnaneysit fo un veoir. She Baarle çhengey y tromlagh, agh ta çhengaghyn elley ry-chlashtyn ayn chammah - lheid as yn Iddaalish as y Çheenish myr sampleyr - ec ram sleih. Ec y tra t'ayn ta beggan Gaelg ec mynlught jeh ny cummaltee as ta çhengaghyn Celtiagh elley - lheid as y Vretnish as y Ghaelg Albinagh - loayrit neesht ec mynlughtyn beggey elley. 

Jiu, ta Toronto feer scanshoil son farrys y Chanadey, as ta ram offishyn mooarey ayn. Ta ymmodee fo-valjyn ayn mygeayrt yn ard-valley, as ta ram sleih çheet dagh moghrey veih Richmond Hill, Peterborough as Oakville, as ad gobbraghey ayns Toronto hene. 


## Imraaghyn