open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Heertçh (ellan)

She **Heertçh** (, ) yn ellan smoo mastey ellanyn yn ellanree t'er enney fo'n ennym cheddin. T'eh ny lhie magh veih coose heear ny h-Albey. Ta'n ellan 3.4 km (2.11 mi) er lheead veih'n neear my hiar, as 3.3 km (2.05 mi) veih'n twoaie my yiass. T'eh 6.285 km2 (2.427 mi ker) er eaghtyr as ta'n coose 15 km (9.3 mi) er lhiurid. Cha nel agh un ynnyd tarlheimagh er yn ellan as eh soit ayns baie coadit Bàgh a' Bhaile er çheu hiar yiass yn ellan. Magh veih Bàgh a' Bhaile as magh veih'n lhargagh veen ta roie gys Gleann Mòr, ta ny h-eayninyn shassoo jeeragh magh veih'n 'aarkey. She Conachair (430 m, 1,410 tr) y boayl s'yrjey er yn ellan. Ta Dùn scarrit veih Heertçh liorish ammyr cheyll aaghowin 50 m er lheead.
Fort Lauderdale, Florida

Ta **Fort Lauderdale** ny ard-valley ayns Broward County, Florida, ny Steatyn Unnaneysit. Va 165,521 cummaltee 'sy valley rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2010.

## Çheer-oaylleeaght
Rere Oik Coontey-pobble ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, ta'n ard-valley 93.3 km² er eaghtyr, 82.2 km² jeh ayns thalloo as 11.91 km² jeh ayns ushtey. 

## Baljyn as caayryn lannoonit
Ta Fort Lauderdale lannoonit rish ny baljyn as ny h-ard-valjyn shoh heese:

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Hemichordata

She phylum dy veiyn marrey ayns Deuterostomia eh **Hemichordata**.  T'ad çheet rish 'syn Eash Chambriagh; ta tree oardaghyn er mayrn aynsyn, as fer elley anvio. 
She bioagyn dhianeagh lomarcan ad *Enteropneusta*.  T'ad cummal ayns tuill as fassaghey er bun ny marrey son y chooid smoo; agh ta dooieyn ayns ta sheeley bea ass yn ushtey.  Ta *Pterobranchia* sheeley bea, as cummal ayns strughtoor piobanagh ass collagen (coenecium). 

## Imraaghyn

Cameron, C.B. 2005. A phylogeny of the hemichordates based on morphological characters. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 83(1): 196-2

## Kianglaghyn çheumooie
* Cameron, C. B. ''Evolution and classification of Hemichordata''
* Dr. Billie J. Swalla on the WEB  "Development and Evolution of Hemichordates"
* Dr. Ken Halanych "Phylogeny and Evolution of Hemichordates"
* Dr. Chris Lowe "Genomics and Development of Saccoglossus kowalevskii"
* At the Tree of Life
Illiam Dhone

She ashoonaghteyr as politickeyr Manninagh feer ennymoil va **Illiam Dhone** ny **Illiam y Christeen**  (shenn-screeu: **Illiam Dhône** ny **Illiam Dhôan**;  ny ; 14 Averil 1608 – 2 Jerrey Geuree 1663). She mac lesh y vriw Ewan Christian v'eh.

## Toshiaght e choorse-bea as yn irree magh
'Sy vlein 1648 ren Çhiarn Vannin, Jamys Stanlagh, 7oo Eearley Derby, pointeil Illiam myr Resowir Vannin. 'Sy vlein 1651 ren yn Eearley goll gys Sostyn dy chaggey er çheu Çhalse II as va sidooryn çheerey yn Ellan faagit ayns laueyn Illiam. Va'n Eearley goit myr pryssoonagh ayns Cah Worcester. Ren y ven heshee echey, Charlotte de la Tremouille, va cummal er yn Ellan, shirrey seyrey yn 'er sheshee eck trooid barganaghey rish ny parlamaideeyn barriaghtagh son lhiggey seose yn Ellan.

Çhelleeragh, vrish magh irree magh, Irree Magh Vannin, fo stiurey Illiam myr eiyrtys er y cheim shen as er reaghyssyn eirinagh va doltit er gerrid ec yn Eearley. Ren ny h-irreyderyn magh goaill greim er ram doonyn yn Ellan as ren Illiam cur toshiaghey rish barganaghyn rish ny parlamaideeyn. Er gerrid va'n Ellan ayns laueyn y Churnal Robert Duckenfield, ren cur y lhuingys marrey parlamaidagh gys Mannin ayns Mean Fouyir 1651. V'eh er Ben-Eearley Derby yn daa ghoon eck, Cashtal Rushen as Cashtal Phurt ny h-Inshey y lhiggey seose as hannee Illiam er yn Ellan myr Resowir Vannin. Haink er dy ve ny Chiannoort er Mannin 'sy vlein 1656.

## Imraaghyn
Cooitinagh

She brat coadee ec bioag ennagh eh **cooitinagh** ny **cuticula**.  T'ad jeant ass caghlaaghyn stoo lajer, yn-filley as orgaanagh, dys fendeil organeyn ny h-ayrnyn scanshoil.  Shimmey sorçh dy chutinagh t'ayn, as cahlaaghyn bun, strughtoor as dooghys kemmigagh oc; cha nel ad coreggyragh.  T'ad ry-akin ec lossreeyn, dhianeyn, arthropodyn as beiyn elley.

## Deiney
Ayns ronsaghey-kirpey deiney, ta *cooitinagh* çheet er killagyn epiderm (killagyn keratinagh) ta jannoo y proteen keratin, ny er brat dy chillagyn ta coodaghey corp fuilt.

## Beishteigyn
Ayns baagh-oaylleeaght, ta *[[cooitinagh beishteigagh]]* ny strughtoor yl-vrattagh er çheumooie epiderm kuse dy veishteigyn.  Dy cadjin, t'ad ec Nematoida as arthropodyn.  Ta cooitinagh arthropodagh creoiaghey myr ushylagh mooie.

Ta cooitinagh nematoidjagh jeant ass proteen as collagen yl-chianglt son y chooid smoo, as glycoproteen as lipaid myrgeddin.

Ta cooitinagh arthropodyn jeant ass  son y chooid smoo, as proteenyn, lipaidyn as  myrgeddin.  Ta eddyr-chianglaghyn jannoo eh neulhoobagh.  Ta neulhoobaght y chutinagh croghey er ny proteenyn hene t'ayn, as coreir ny kitin as ny catecholameenyn.  Ta proteenyn s'geayrey ny s'buiggey.

## Lus-oaylleeaght

Ayns lus-oaylleeaght, ta *[[cooitinagh lus]]* ny choodagh kereagh jeant ec killagyn epiderm.  T'eh fendeil noi buinnagyn, as leodaghey coayl ushtey.  T'ad jeant jeh cutin ny cutan son y chooid smoo, as kere nyn mast'oc.  Ta cooitinagh feer çhiu ec lossreeyn  do nagh caillee ad monney ushtey ayns buill gyn monney ry-choayl.  Ta cooitinagh çhiu ec kuse dy lossreeyn rish slyst ny marrey, dyn vendeil noi nieunaght sollan.

## Fliughane-oaylleeaght
Ayns fliughane-oaylleeaght, ta *cooitinagh* ny *[[pileipellis]]* çheet er brat mooie stoo kirpey basidiocarp fliughane ennagh.  Shen ny t'ad speeiney dys aarlaghey fliughane myr bee.

## Imraaghyn
Mwannal

She **mwannal** y chooid jeh'n chorp er ram dreeym-juntee hallooinagh ny ushtagh ta scarrey yn kione veih'n cholb.
Yn Choagaash

She ard çheer-oaylleeagh as politickagh ee **yn Choagaash**. T'ee ny lhie er y joarey eddyr yn Oarpey as yn Aishey, as eddyr y Vooir Ghoo as y Vooir Chaspagh. Ta Sleityn ny Coagaash, raad ta'n slieau s'yrjey 'syn Oarpey, Slieau Elbrus, soit ayn. Dy politickagh, ta'n Choagaash goll er rheynn magh ayns ayrnyn twoaieagh as jiassagh.

* Cha nel staydys neuchroghagh ny çheeraghyn heose ayns *clou iddaalagh* goll er enney dy h-oikoil er y chooid smoo. Ta'n Abcaaish as Ossetia Yiass coontit, er y chooid smoo, myr ayrnyn y Çhorshey, as ta Nagorno-Karakakh coontit myr ayrn yn Asserbajaan.
Tallahassee, Florida

She preeu-valley steat Florida ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit ee **Tallahassee**. Va 190,894 cummaltee 'sy valley rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2016. Va'n ard-valley bunnit 'sy vlein 1824.

## Çheer-oaylleeaght
Rere Oik Coontey-pobble ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, ta'n ard-valley 268 km² er eaghtyr, 260 km² jeh ayns thalloo as 8 km² jeh ayns ushtey. 

## Baljyn as ard-valjyn lannoonit
Ta Tallahassee lannoonit rish ny baljyn as ny h-ard-valjyn shoh heese:

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Nieu-nearag

She stoo kemmigagh ta bentyn rish nearagyn eh **nieu-nearag**.  T'eh goaill stiagh stooghyn giennit çheumooie, chammah's stooghyn giennit çheusthie ta jannoo assee er co-chruinnaghey ard ass neuoayllagh.  T'ad jannoo assee da nearagyn ta gaase, ny ta nearagyn aasnit, ny da'n jees oc.  

Ga dy vel ad jannoo assee, t'ad ymmydoil er son ronsaghey er coryssyn nearag, myr sampleyr, dys feddyn magh obbyr nearag ny olt nearag er lheh. T'ad goaill stiagh leoaie, ethanol, glutamate, ocsaid neetaragh, nieu botulinum (pyshoonys pronnag), nieu tetanus (glassey keeilley), as tetrodotoxin.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn çheumooie

*Environmental Protection Agency - Environmental Protection Agency ny Steatyn Unnaneysit
*Neurotoxin Institute
*Neurotoxins ec Toxipedia (Kicklipaid Tomaineyn)
*Brain Facts Book (pdf) ec The Society for Neuroscience
*Neuroscience Texts ec University of Texas Medical School
*Biology of the NMDA Receptor ec NCBI
*Advances in the Neuroscience of Addiction, 2nd edition ec NCBI
Taabyl

Ta'n fockle **taabyl** currit er fysseree as ad reaghit ayns roaghyn as collooyn. Ta taabylyn ymmydit dy mennick ayns oltscarrey fysseree, ayns çhaghteraght as ayns ronsaghey. Ta taabylyn ry-akin 'sy vean prentit, ayns noteyn laue-screeuit, ayns cooid vog cho-earrooagh, ayns jesheenys seyrnagh, ayns cowraghyn traght, as ayns ram buill elley.
Oar

Foddee dy vel **oar** çheet er:

* ennym elley da'n vun-stoo ta ny share er enney myr airh (veih *ór* y Yernish)
* oar., aagherrid da'n 'ockle oarlagh.
Purt Aer Ghivlyn

She purt aer eddyr-ashoonagh ta goaill shirveish er Divlyn, Nerin, eh **Purt Aer Ghivlyn** (, ; IATA: **DUB**, ICAO: **EIDW**). T'eh goll fo stiurey Údarás Aerfort Bhaile Átha Cliath ("Lught-reill Phurt Aer Ghivlyn"). T'ee ny soie ayns Baile Choilín, faggys da Sord ayns coontae Ine Goal. 'Sy vlein 2012 ren ny smoo na 19 millioon dy hroailtee goll trooid y phurt aer. Rere yn earroo shen, t'ee ny purt aer smoo tarroogh 'sy steat as er yn ellan.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn mooie

*
*
Nearag

Ta **nearag** çheet er dhossan dy yn neayr-chillag 'sy chorys nearag ymmyllagh.  T'ad gymmyrkey  lectro-chemmigagh dys as voish organeyn ymmyllagh.  Ta strughtoor ny nearag hene shareaghey fondid ym-skeaylleydagh.

Ta nearag coyrdagh, as ny h-acsoanyn gollrish frauaigyn.  Ta brat dy stoo kirpey kianglee (endoneurium) mygeayrt dagh acsoan; t'adsyn kianglt myr fo-dhossan ny , as brat kianglee elley (perineurium) echey.  Ta brat sodjey mooie dy stoo kirpey kianglee mygeayrt y lane nearag, as shen epineurium.

Chammah's neayr-chillagyn, ta killagyn Schwann ayns nearag dys troggal brat myelin mygeart ny neayr-chillagyn.
Çhengaghyn Germaanagh

She fo-chrouw yn chynney çhengey Ind-Oarpagh (IO) ad ny **çhengaghyn Germaanagh**. She Proto-Ghermaanish yn ennym ta currit er shenn-voir y chrouw as ee goll er loayrt car mean y chied villey-bleeaney RC 'syn Oarpey Hwoaie Yiarn-Eashagh. T'ad y Vaarle as y Ghermaanish, lesh ny smoo na 300-400 millioon as 100 millioon dy loayreyderyn er lheh oc, ny çhengaghyn Germaanagh smoo lheeadagh. She çhengaghyn Germaanagh y Neear t'ayndaue. Ta'n possan shen goaill stiagh çhengaghyn elley, goaill stiagh yn Ollanish (23 millioon) as yn Affrickaanish (ny smoo na 6 millioon). Ta çhengaghyn Germaanagh y Twoaie goaill stiagh y Norlynnish, y Danvargish, y Toolynnish, yn Eeslynnish, as yn Aaroish as mysh 20 millioon dy loayreyderyn 'sy phossan shen. Ta 53 çhengey 'syn 'o-chrouw er ym-lane rere y recortys *[[Ethnologue]]* ta soilshit magh ec SIL.
Pairk Aer Andreas

She pairk aer ayns Skeerey Andreas, Mannin, ee **Pairk Aer Andreas** (). T'ee ny soie çheu hiar jeh'n valley beg Andreas er soiaghey y çhenn phairk aer RAF Andreas. Jiu, cha nel agh club foilleyraght jannoo ymmyd jeh'n phairk aer jiu er y chooid smoo, agh ta kuse veg d'etlanyn eddrymey bunnit ayn chammah.
Kansas City, Kansas

Ta **Kansas City** ny ard-valley ayns Wyandotte County, Kansas, ny Steatyn Unnaneysit. Va 145,786 cummaltee 'sy valley rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2010. Va'n ard-valley bunnit 'sy vlein 1872.

## Çheer-oaylleeaght
Rere Oik Coontey-pobble ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, ta'n ard-valley 332.50 km² er eaghtyr, 124.81 km² jeh ayns thalloo as 9.25 km² jeh ayns ushtey. 

## Baljyn as ard-valjyn lannoonit
Ta Kansas City lannoonit rish ny baljyn as ny h-ard-valjyn shoh heese:

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
* 
*
Topeka, Kansas

She preeu-valley steat Kansas ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit ee **Topeka**. Va 128,473 cummaltee 'sy valley rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2010. Va'n ard-valley bunnit 'sy vlein 1854.

## Çheer-oaylleeaght
Rere Oik Coontey-pobble ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, ta'n ard-valley 159.21 km² er eaghtyr, 155.84 km² jeh ayns thalloo as 3.37 km² jeh ayns ushtey. 

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Oklahoma City

She **Oklahoma City** y preeu-valley as yn ard-valley smoo ayns Oklahoma. Va 638,367 cummaltee 'sy valley rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2010. She Mick Cornett meoir yn ard-valley. Va'n ard-valley bunnit 'sy vlein 1889.

## Çheer-oaylleeaght
Rere Oik Coontey-pobble ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, ta'n ard-valley 1,608.8 km² er eaghtyr, 1,572 km² jeh ayns thalloo as 36.7 km² jeh ayns ushtey. 

## Baljyn as ard-valjyn lannoonit
Ta Oklahoma City lannoonit rish ny baljyn as ny h-ard-valjyn shoh heese:

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Arragh

She fer jeh kiare imbaghyn sonderagh eh yn **arragh**. Ta'n arragh shassoo eddyr y gheurey as y tourey. Ec laa lieh yn arree ta'n laa cha liauyr as lhiurid yn oie, ny 12 oor y jees oc. Rere yn eaillere Gaelgagh, ta'n arragh goll er rheynn magh ayns tree meeghyn - Toshiaght Arree, Mayrnt as Averil. She Laa'l Breeshey yn feailley Gaelgagh ta kelloorey toshiaght yn arree.
Tudjeen

She rollian beg dy hombagey keyl-ghiarit ta fillit çheusthie jeh pabyr thanney er son smookal ("jaaghey" er cowraghyn) eh **tudjeen** (ny **toghteen‎** ny **jaaghag‎** dy mennick). Ta'n tudjeen goll er foaddey ec kione er lheh as ta'n smookeyder tayrn stiagh ennal veih'n chione elley. Dy mennick ta'n smookeyder greimmey yn tudjeen lesh y laue echey, agh ny keayrtyn ta'n smookeyder jannoo ymmyd jeh greimmeyder tudjeen. Ta shollaneyn ry-gheddyn 'sy chooid smoo jeh tudjeenyn noa-emshyragh as t'ad jeant seose jeh tombagey aachummit as brashaneyn elley.

Shymmey jeeill ta tudjeenyn jannoo er corp y smookeyder. She stoo neu-lhiggagh eh yn nicoteen, y preeu-stoo kemmigagh shickobbree 'sy tombagey as, rere shen, ayns tudjeenyn. Ta mysh lieh chooid jeh smookeyderyn feddyn baase er cooishyn bentyn rish y smookal as t'ad coayl mysh 14 bleeaney jeh'n vea oc. S'gaueagh smookal tudjeenyn ec mraane torragh as shymmey feanish t'ayn ta taishbyney dy vel y smookal cur rish lheamyssyn ruggyree, goaill stiagh anlheiltyssyn inçhynagh as fishigagh. Ta feanish ayn chammah dy vel y smookal aa-laue cur er slaynt fakideryn, as, rere shen, ta leighyn ayn nish ayns ram çheeraghyn ta cur lhiettrimys er y smookal ayns buill obbree as heayagh.

## Kianglaghyn mooie
Ard an Rátha

She balley beg ayns Coontae Ghoon ny Ghoal, Nerin, eh **Ard an Rátha** (; Yernish er son "Ard y Rhaa"). Ta'n balley beg ny hoie er coose heear yiass y choontae er y phreeu-raad ashoonagh, yn N56. Rere coontey-pobble 'sy vlein 2011, va 731 ghooinney cummal ayn. Hie yn balley beg er ny hroggal er brooinyn Abhainn tSocair, awin ta girree ayns na Cruacha Gorma as ta roie stiagh 'sy Cheayn Sheear faggys da'n valley hene.

## Deiney ard-ghooagh
* Anthony Molloy, captan er fwirran Ghoon ny Ghoal ren cossyn y chied Chione-Chloie Ooilley Yernagh 'sy vluckaneyrys 'sy vlein 1992
* Pat Shovlin, greinneyder deaneyderyn Ghoon ny Ghoal car y nah Chione-Chloie Ooilley Yernagh 'sy vluckaneyrys va cosnit ec y choontae 'sy vlein 2012
* John Doherty, kiaulleyder
* Bibi Baskin, persoonid çhellveeish

## Imraaghyn

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Rolley baljyn as baljyn beggey ayns Pobblaght Nerin

## Kianglaghyn mooie

*
N56 (raad ayns Nerin)

She bayr ashoonagh jeh'n nah cheim ayns Nerin ta roie veih Doon ny Ghoal dys Littyr Kennain. Ta'n bollagh er feie ny hoie ayns Coontae Ghoon ny Ghoal as t'ej jannoo coorse begnagh kiarkylagh mygeayrt y choontae. Hoshiaght, va'n chooid jeh'n N13 ta roie eddyr Littyr Kennain as Srath an Urláir coontit myr chooid jeh'n N56. Ta'n bayr roie trooid y Ghaeltaght.

## Baljyn mooarey er y raad
Toshiaghey ayns Doon ny Ghoal 'sy jiass, as roie lesh y chlag, ta'n bayr roie trooid ny baljyn mooarey shoh:
* Tamhnach an tSalainn
* Dún Cionnaola
* Ard an Rátha
* Na Gleannta
* Leitir Mhic a' Bhaird
* An Clochán Liath
* Loch an Iúir
* Croithlí
* Gaoth Dobhair
* Gort a' Choirce
* An Fál Carrach
* Dún Fionnachaidh
* An Craosloch
* Cill Mhic Réanáin

## Galleree

N56 Donegal Bypass at Drumlonagher - geograph.org.uk - 1720046.jpg|Toshiaght yn N56 faggys da Doon ny Ghoal
Ardara, Ireland.jpg|Yn N56 ayns Ard an Rátha
Junction of N56 and R252 - geograph.org.uk - 1031803.jpg|Crossag yn R252 as yn N56 faggys da'n Chlochán Liath]]
N56 road looking north east - geograph.org.uk - 1030307.jpg|Reayrt sampleyragh er y vayr ayns Gaoth Dobhair
Road by Port na Blagh - geograph.org.uk - 773400.jpg|Y bayr ayns Port na Bláiche
Kilmacrenan, Co. Donegal - geograph.org.uk - 1386207.jpg|Y bayr roie trooid Cill Mhic Réanáin
Polestar at Port Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 910693.jpg|Creeagh yn N56 ayns Littyr Kennain
Echinodermata

She phylum dy veiyn marrey eh **Echinodermata**.  Te'n ennym ass y Çhenn Ghreagish, *ἐχινόδερμα* (*echinóderma*), "crackan jialgagh".  Shen *ἐχῖνος* (*echínos*), "arkan sonney; kione kiyt" as *δέρμα* (*dérma*), "crackan".

Ta co-chrooaght lieh-chrantessenagh oc, as shen queig-filley dy cadjin.  Ta deill as cucowryn marrey nyn echinodermyn.  T'ad cummal er feie ny marrey, voish y chryss eddyr-tidee dys y chryss harvaalagh.

Ta mysh 7000 dooie 'sy phylum.   Myr shen, she nah phossan smoo Deuterostomia t'ayn, lurg Chordata.  She y smoo phylum t'ayn gyn dooie erbee ta cummal ayns ushtey millish ny er yn thalloo.

Ta scansh bea-oaylleeagh as creg-oaylleeagh oc.  Ta pooar aaghiennagh yindyssagh oc, do nod ad aa-aase stoo kirpey, organeyn, cass, ny eer aachroo ad hene dy slane jeh cass ynrican.  Ta ushylee vesodermagh chraueagh Echinodermata cadjin dy liooar ayns clagh eayil, as ta fys ry-gheddyn assdaue er y çhymbyllaght chreg-oaylleeagh v'ayn.

## Rang-oardraghey
Ta daa aarheynn mooar ayn: Eleutherosoa gleashagh, shen Asteroidea (crossagyn marrey), Ophiuroidea (crossagyn brishlag), Echinoidea (king kiyt) as Holothuroidea (cocowryn marrey); as Pelmatosoa soit, shen crinoidee, Blastosoa anvio, as Paracrinoidea anvio.  Ta shiartanse dy chrinoidee gleashagh, gyn scansh da'n rang-oardraghey shen.

Hooar ad rang Eleutherosoa noa ayns 1986, as tree dooie echey: shen Concentricycloidea ("neaynin marrey").  Hug ad eh mastey Asteroidea fy-yerrey. Ta dooieyn elley ry-gheddyn 'sy recortys fossylagh nagh by ayns  dy baghtal.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn çheumooie

* The Echinoid Directory ec y Natural History Museum Goaldagh.
* Echinodermata ec Tree of Life Web Project.
* Echinodermyn Mooir Hostyn
* Fys er Laarvaghyn Echinodermata
Miljan

Ta'n fockle **miljan** (veih'n 'ockle "millish") çheet er stooghyn bee ta jeant ass, ny lesh, shugyr. Ta ny focklyn **millshan** (veih *milseán* y Yernish) as **candee** (veih *candy* y Vaarle) goll er ymmyd ry hoi'n stoo bee shoh chammah. Dy mennick, ta'n fockle "miljan" goll er ymmyd ry hoi stooghyn bee millish ta eeit gyn skynneydys, agh keayrtyn ta fir jeu eeit liorish cooney maidjeen ny red beg elley nagh vel ymmydit agh un cheayrt. She sampleyryn dy viljanyn ayn na maidjaghyn millish, shocklaid, key riojey, liggrys as sooslagh almyn.
Stoo

Shimmey sorçh dy **stoo** ta sy teihll - ushtey, ooir, creggyn, genniagh, as myr shen.  Mygeayrt y mysh y teihll, ta eaghtyr dy ghassyn nagh vod oo fakin: ta shin gra yn aer ny yn speyr rish yn eaghtyr shoh.
Ta stoo lheeiney spoar ennagh, as ta mass echey.
Ta stoo ry-gheddyn myr stooaltane, myr fliughane, ny myr gas - shoh staydyn stoo.
Ushlaght

Cha nel cummey shickyr ec **ushlaght**. Cummey'n taagh ta'n ushlagh ayn, shen cummey yn ushlaght.

Ta towse-lhieenee shickyr ec ushlaght. S'feer doillee eh towse-lhieenee ushlaghtyn y leodaghey lesh cohionney, as ta dynamickyn sheeltagh gra dy vel ad neufaastagh son y chooid smoo, er-lhimmey jeh gleashaght neufaastagh.

Gollrish gas, ta ushlaghtyn roie, as myr shen she sheeltagh t'ayn.  Rish deayrtey ushlaght er eaghtyr, t'eh skeaylley magh.  Ta çhionnid eaghtyragh ny hro ushlaght er lheh, as ta fliughey jantagh liorish.
Stooaltane

Ta cummey shickyr ec **stooaltaneyn**.  Ta e chummey hene ec gagh stooaltane, as t'eh freayll y cummey shen derrey vees çhiass ny forsey jannoo er.
Ta towse-lhienee shickyr ec stooaltaneyn.  T'eh feer doillee towse-lhieenee stooaltane y leodaghey lesh covroo.  Dy jarroo, ta stooaltaneyn bunnys do-yn-chovroojey.
Cha nel stooaltaneyn roie myr fliughaneyn - cha nel ad 'strooaney'.  Cha nel stooaltaneyn skealley magh er eaghtyryn.
Rheynn (tacsonomeeaght)

Rere rang-oardraghey bea-oaylleeagh, she rank rang-oardragh lus-oaylleeagh tradishoonagh eh **rheynn**, fo reeriaght as erskyn rang. Ayns baagh-oaylleeaght ta'n fockle corrym *[[phylum]]* ry-lhaih.  

Ayns 1993, ren ICN goaill rish *phylum* myr termeeaght noa corrym rish *rheynn*.  Ta *phylum* goaill er hene ynnyd *rheynn* beggan er veggan.

Ta enmys rheynnyn cur -phyta ec enmyn lossreeyn, as -mycota ec enmyn fungyssyn.

## Imraaghyn
Gas

Cha nel cummey shickyr ec **gassyn**. Y cummey jeh'n taagh ta'n gas ayns, shen cummey'n ghas.

Cha nel towse-lhieenee shickyr ec gas. Ta gas lhieeney'n saagh t'eh ayn. Ta shin gra eddyrskeaylley rish shen.

S'aashagh gas y chovroojey. S'aashagh towse-lhieenee sloo y chur er gas.
Caghlaa paase

She caghlaa corys çhiass-niartal veih un phaase stoo gys paase elley eh **caghlaa paase**, ny **caghlaa-stayd** keayrtyn.

Tra t'ou çhiow stooaltane, ta ny floagyn geddyn tooilley bree as t'ad goll er craa ny s'tappee. Er jerrey, t'ad brishey magh ass ny h-ynnydyn v'ad soit ayn, as t'ad goaill toshiaght dy skirrey harrish y cheilley. Ta shin gra dy vel y stooaltane lheie as çheet dy ve ny ushlagh.

Ta shin gra yn poynt lheie rish y tempreilys ta stooaltane lheie. Ec y phoint shen, ta daa stayd-stoo ry-gheddyn ry-cheilley, stooaltane as ushlagh.

Tra t'ou çhiow ushlagh, ta ny floagyn geddyn toilley bree as t'ad gleashaghey ny smoo tappee harrish y cheilley. Ta bree dy liooar ec floagyn ennagh dy scapail as goll magh 'syn aer. Ta shin gra dy vel yn ushlagh gaalaghey as çheet dy ve ny ghas.

My vees y ushlagh goll er çhiow ny s'odjey, nee floagyn ennagh scapail veih'n ushlagh cho tappee as dy bee bolganyn dy ghas jeant çheusthie jeh'n liughane. Eisht, bee yn ushlagh er roshtyn y poynt broie. She yn point-broie yn tempreilys jeh'n ushlagh tra t'eh gaalaghey.

Ta shin gra dy vel caghlaa-stayd ayn tra ta stooaltane lheie as çheet dy ve ny ushlagh, er-nonney tra ta ushlagh gaalaghey as çheet dy ve ny ghas (as bun-ry-skyn).

## Kianglaghyn magh

*Caghlaaghyn Paase Eddyr-obbragh er cleeahyn lesh appletyn Java
* Brastyllyn ollooscoill veih Sklogwiki
Robert Boyle

Va **Robert Boyle** (25 J. Geuree 1627 - 31 Nollick 1691) ruggit ayns Cashtal Lios Mór, Co. Phurt Largey, ayns Nerin. Va'n ayr echey feer verçhagh, as va Robert currit dys scoill ooasle ayns Sostyn tra v'eh hoght bleeaney d'eash. Ren eh troailt mygeayrt yn Oarpey marish ynseyder tra v'eh un vlein jeig d'eash. Ren Boyle pump-folmit dasyn hene, as ren eh kuse dy phrowaltyssyn er gas. Liorish shen, ren eh baghtal y kiangley eddyr towse-lhieenee as broo-gas (Leigh Boyle). Hooar eh magh nagh jean sheean troailt trooid folmid. Hooar eh magh neesht dy vel trimmid ec aer. She Boyle va'n chied pheiagh ren toiggal dy vel y chooid smoo jeh stoo jeant ass çhaglymyn dy stooghyn neuchramp ta shin gra bunstooghyn roo. Myr shen, she Boyle va'n chied heanseyr ren ymmyd jeh'n ockle "bunstoo". Veenee Boyle y fockle "bunstoo" as ren eh cooish oardreilagh as lodjicoil jeh kemmig. Kindagh rish shen, ta Robert Boyle coontit myr "ayr y chemmig". Cha phoose eh rieau. Hooar eh baase ayns Lunnin as eh tree feed as kiare bleeaney d'eash.
Na Cruacha Gorma

She slieau-reayn mooar ayns jiass Choontae Ghoon ny Ghoal, Nerin, ad **na Cruacha Gorma** ( ny ). T'ad scarrey jiass y choontae as ny baljyn t'ayn, lheid as Doon ny Ghoal as Béal Átha Seanaidh, veih twoaie as sheear y choontae as ny baljyn ayn, lheid as Littyr Kennain as an Clochán Liath. Ta'n bayr ta kiangley yn daa ayrn jeh'n choontae roie trooid an Bearnas Mór, baarney ayns ny sleityn ayns shiar y choontae.
David Livingstone

She sushtallagh lheeys kioneraadagh Cohionnalagh veih Nalbin va **David Livingstone** (19 Mayrnt 1813 – 1 Boaldyn 1873). Ren eh ronsaghey magh yn Affrick marish Sheshaght Hushtallagh Lunnin. Ren yn enney mooar echey cur rish feddyn magh bun y Neel as ronsaghey magh Oarpagh as cur stiagh coloinagh 'syn Affrick. Ren ny troailtyn sushtallagh, y "skelley", baase 'syn Affrick, as y gloyraghey echey myr feniagh ashoonagh lurg e vaaish cur rish bunneeaght ram ventyryssyn sushtallagh Creestee mooarey car Skeabey er yn Affrick.
1813

## Taghyrtyn
* 

## Ruggyryn
* 19 Mart - David Livingstone, sushtallagh as ronseyder Albinagh (b. 1873)
* 22 Boaldyn - Richard Wagner, cummeyder kiaull Germaanagh (b. 1883)
* 10 Jerrey Fouyir - Giuseppe Verdi, cummeyder kiaull Iddaalagh (b. 1901)

## Baaseyn
* 10 Averil - Joseph Louis Lagrange, maddaghteyr Iddaalagh (r. 1736)
Kolrinn

She cronk eddyr Inji Brekka, Cronk y Voddee as Boaldyn ayns mean Vannin eh **Kolrinn** (). Ta'n cronk  er yrjid. Ta Awin Cholrinn girree er y chronk as stroo shiar, trooid Plandailys Cholrinn, roish my vel eh folmaghey stiagh 'sy Ghlass faggys da Doour Voaldyn Heear.

## Kianglaghyn mooie

* Kolrinn ec y Rheynn Çhymmyltaght, Bee as Eirinys
Slieau

Ta'n fockle **slieau** çheet er cummey thallooin mooar ta sheeyney magh ny s'yrjey na'n thalloo mygeayrt y mysh, ayns cummey mullagh dy cadjin. Dy mennick ta slieau ny s'eaynee na cronk. Ayns ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh ta creg-oaylleeyn coontey dy nee slieau eh mullagh ennagh ta ny s'yrjey na 610 m (2,000 tr). She Slieau Everest (8,848 m; 29,029 tr) y slieau s'yrjey er y Chruinney. She Olympus Mons (21,171 m; 69,459 tr) er Mart y slieau s'yrjey, choud's ta fys ain, ayns Corys ny Greiney.
William Henry Bragg

She fishigagh, kemmigagh, maddaghteyr as spoyrteyr Goaldagh va **William Henry Bragg** (2 Jerrey Souree 1862 &ndash; 10 Mayrnt 1942). S'ard-ghooagh eh er yn oyr dy ren eh, marish e vac William Lawrence Bragg, cosney Aundyr Nobel ayns Fishig 'sy vlein 1915 myr eiyrtys er yn obbyr ren ad marish scellyn-X dys strughtooryn jeh crystalyn y gheddyn magh. Dod ad taishbyney dy row crystalyn dy stoo goll rish cloreed hodjum jeant ass millioonyn dy h-eeaneyn cloreed as eeaneyn sodjum reaghit dy reajagh. She ny Braggyn yn un ayr as vac chossyn yn onnor shoh.
Kiangley eeaneagh

Ta **kiangley eeaneagh** (ny "lectrofioosagh") jeant tra ta un lectrane, er-nonney ny shlee na shen, goll er coonrey eddyr breneenyn. Tra ta breneen naeear coayl lectrane(yn), t'eh çheet dy ve ny eeane jarrooagh - she floag lughtit t'ayn: ta ny shlee protaneyn na lectraneyn 'sy vreneen. As tra ta breneen naeear cosney lectrane(yn), t'eh çheet dy ve ny eeane jiooldagh - she floag lughtit t'ayn: ta ny shlee lectraneyn na protaneyn 'sy vreneen.

## Sampleyr
Tra ta breneen sodjum coayl yn ynrican lectrane ta syn ynneig sodjey magh, eisht ta 8 lectraneyn sy nah ynneig sodjey magh: Na (2, 8, 1) → Na+ + lectrane.
Cha nel breneen naeear sodjum coayl lectrane dy aashagh - ta'n tayrnys eddyr y çheshvean (lught jarrooagh) as y lectrane (lught jiooldagh) lhiettal shen.  Agh ta breneen sodjum cur lectrane da breneen cloreen aashagh dy liooar.  Ta shoh taghyrt tra ta breneen sodjum kiangley lesh breneen cloreen dy yannoo co-vreneen dy chloreed sodjum, lurg da ny breneenyn v'er jeed dy ve nyn eeaneyn.
Jeeaghyn er yn ym-obbraghey shoh:
* reaghey ny lectraneyn ayns breneen naeear sodjum (Na) = 2, 8, 1
* reaghey ny lectraneyn ayns breneen naeear cloreen (Cl) = 2, 8, 7
My nee yn breneen sodjum cur yn lectrane sodjey da'n vreneen cloreen, s'baghtal dy bee 8 lectraneyn ayns ny fynneigyn sodjey magh ec y jees oc - as dy bee yn jees oc jeant booiagh!  Ta Na çheet dy ve Na+, as ta Cl çheet dy ve Cl-, as da'n daa eeane goll er tayrn ry-cheilley dy yannoo co-vreneen dy NaCl - cloreed sodjum (sollan).  Ta **kiangley eeanagh** eddyr yn eeane sodjum as yn eeane cloreen.

## Sampleyr Elley
Ta magnaishum lostey dy gial ayns ocsygien, as ta shen croo poodyr bane ta shin gra ocseed vagnaishum rish.  Ta gagh co-vreneen jeh ocseed vagnaishum jeant ass eeane Mg2+ as eeane O2-.  Shoh reaghey ny lectraneyn ayns ny breneenyn shoh:
* Mg = 2, 8, 2
* O = 2, 6
Ta gagh breneen Mg cur e lectraneyn mooie da breneen ocsygien.  Er yn oyr dy vel **daa** lectrane caillit ec y vreneen Mg, ta shin screeu symbol yn eeane myr Mg2+.  As er yn oyr dy vel daa lectrane cosnit ec y vreneen O, ta shin screeu yn eeane shen myr O2-.
William Ramsay

She **William Ramsay** (2 Jerrey Fouyir 1852 – 23 Jerrey Souree 1916) y kemmigagh Albinagh ren feddyn magh queig jeh ny gassyn ooasle. V'eh ruggit ayns Glaschu, as ren eh studeyrys er y chemmig 'sy Ghermaan fo stiurey Robert Bunsen. Ta sleih cooinaghtyn er Ramsay er yn oyr dy dooar eh magh argon (1894), hailium (1895), neoin (1898), krypton (1898) as xenon (1898). Scarr eh neoin, krypton, as xenon veih aer va jeant ny ushlagh. Chossyn William Ramsay Aundyr Nobel ayns 1904 son geddyn ny queig gassyn ooasle imraait heose.
Please Please Me

Ta ***Please Please Me*** ny albym liorish y phossan craa-chiaull Sostynagh *[[The Beatles]]*. V'eh nyn chied albym, as haink eh magh ayns mee Vayrnt 1962 lurg speeideilys ny singilyn *[[Please Please Me (singil)|Please Please Me]]* as *[[Love Me Do]]*. Va hoght jeh ny kiare arraneyn jeig er yn albym screeuit liorish John Lennon as Paul McCartney.

## Claare
### Çheu 1
# I Saw Her Standing There - 2:55
# Misery - 1:50
# Anna (Go to Him) (Arthur Alexander) - 2:57
# Chains (Goffin/King) - 2:26
# Boys (Dixon/Farrell) - 2:27
# Ask Me Why - 2:27
# Please Please Me - 2:03

### Çheu 2
# Love Me Do - 2:22
# P.S. I Love You - 2:05
# Baby It's You (David/Williams/Bacharach) - 2:38
# Do You Want to Know a Secret - 1:59
# A Taste of Honey (Scott/Marlow) - 2:05
# There's a Place - 1:52
# Twist and Shout (Medley/Russel) - 2:33

Ta dagh arrane liorish Lennon/McCartney, agh ny fir lesh enmyn ayns lhoobeenyn.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* *[https://www.thebeatles.com/please-please-me Please Please Me]*, ec ynnyd-eggey oikoil The Beatles
*
With the Beatles

Ta ***With The Beatles*** ny albym liorish y phossan craa-chiaull Sostynagh *[[The Beatles]]*. V'eh nyn nah albym, as haink eh magh ayns Mee Houney 1963. Va hoght jeh ny kiare arraneyn jeig er yn albym screeuit liorish John Lennon as Paul McCartney as va nane liorish George Harrison (e chied arrane).

## Claare
### Çheu 1
# It Won't Be Long 
# All I've Got to Do 
# All My Loving
# Don't Bother Me (Harrison)
# Little Child 
# Till There Was You (Meredith Willson)
# Please Mr. Postman (Dobbin/Garret/Garman/Brianbert)

### Çheu 2
# Roll Over Beethoven (Berry)
# Hold Me Tight 
# You Really Got a Hold on Me (Robinson)
# I Wanna Be Your Man 
# Devil in Her Heart (Drapkin)
# Not a Second Time 
# Money (That's What I Want) (Bradford/Gordy)

Ta dagh arrane liorish Lennon/McCartney, agh ny fir lesh enmyn ayns lhoobeenyn.
## Lught Obbyr
* John Lennon – corraa toshee, gitayrn riddym, co-vingys
* Paul McCartney – corraa toshee, gitayrn bass
* George Harrison – corraa toshee, gitayrn leedeilagh
* Ringo Starr – corraa toshee, drummyn
* George Martin – pianney, leayreder

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Kiryat Shmona

She ard-valley 'sy Clyst Hwoaie, Israel, eh **Kiryat Shmona** (, "Ard-valley ny Hoght"). T'eh ny hoie er lhiargee heear Ghlion Hula er y joarey rish y Livaan. Ta ennym ny hoght dooiney, goaill stiagh Joseph Trumpeldor, hooar baase 'sy vlein 1920 as ad coadey yn balley Tel Hai.

'Sy vlein 2011 va 22,992 deiney cummal 'syn ard-valley. Ta mysh trass y phobble ny s'aegey na 19 bleeaney d'eash as she Ewnyn jeh sluight Maroccagh y chooid smoo jeh ny cummaltee. She Kiryat Shmona yn ard-valley smoo twoaieagh mastey ny h-ard-valjyn ayns Israel. V'eh currit er bun 'sy vlein 1949 as hooar eh staydys ard-valjagh 'sy vlein 1975.

## Mooinjerys eddyrashoonagh

### Baljyn as ard-valjyn lannoonit

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Baljaght Kiryat Shmona
Ard y Joarey

She ard jeh Keim III fo skeim NUTS ayns Nerin eh **Ard y Joarey** (; ). T'eh goll fo stiurey as reirey Lught Reill Ardjynagh y Joarey. T'eh jeant seose jeh ny coondaeghyn Doon ny Ghoal, y Cavan, y Lhoo, Lheeahtrim, Muinaghan as Shliggagh. Ta Ard y Joarey 12,156&nbsp;km2 er eaghtyr, ny 17.3% jeh eaghtyr slane y steat, as ta ny smoo na 432,500 deiney cummal ayn. She IE011 y coad NUTS echey.

Rere Oik Ardjyn Nerin ta queig preeu-valjyn ardjynagh ec yn ard: y Cavan, Doon Jialgan, Littyr Kennain, Muinaghan, as Shliggagh.

## Çheer-oaylleeaght
Ta'n ard sheeyney veih'n Cheayn Sheear 'sy neear dys Mooir Vannin 'sy niar. Ta farraneyn yn daa awin s'liurey 'sy çheer (y Çhannon as an Éirne) soit ayn as t'ad kianglt ry-cheilley myr Ushtey-vollagh ny Shannon as an Éirne. She çheu çheerey eirinagh as ram cummaghyn thallooin çheer-oaylleeagh ayn eh yn ard. Ta ram slieau-reaynyn as eayninyn marrey ardjey ry-gheddyn ayns Coontae Ghoon ny Ghoal, lheid as na Cruacha Gorma, Cnoic Dhoire Bheatha, as Sliabh Liag. Ta jees jeh ny tree keyllyssyn sailley ayns Nerin ry-gheddyn 'syn ard foast: Loch Súilí as Loch Cairlinn.

## Lught-Reill Ardjynagh y Joarey
Ta Ard y Joarey goll fo stiurey as reirey Lught-Reill Ardjynagh y Joarey. Ta 38 ynnydee reiht er bing y Lught-Reill, goaill stiagh ynnydagh y Lught-Reill ta goaill shirveish er Bing Ardjyn yn UO. Ta ny h-ynnydee shen cruinnaghey laa 'sy vee as t'ad pointit veih ny shey coonseilyn 'syn ard: 
*Coonseil Choontae Ghoon ny Ghoal (7)
*Coonseil Choontae Lhoo (7)
*Coonseil Choontae yn Chavan (6)
*Coonseil Choontae Vuinaghan (6)
*Coonseil Choontae Shliggee (6)
*Coonseil Choontae Lheeahtrim (5)

## Baljyn mooarey
Rolley ny jeih baljyn smoo ayns Ard y Joarey. Ta ny preeu-valjyn coontae currit er y rolley ayns **clou trome**.

## Jeeagh er neesht
*Rolley ardjyn Phobblaght Nerin

## Imraaghyn
George Harrison

Va **George Harrison** (25 Toshiaght Arree 1943 - 29 Sauin 2001) ny chiaulleyder, ny arraneyder, ny vard arrane, as ny yl-chloieder greienyn Sostynagh. Marish Paul McCartney, John Lennon, as Ringo Starr, hooar eh ard-ghoo myr oltey jeh ny Beatles.

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Çhiass

Shimmey barel t'ec sleih bentyn da **çhiass** as feayght. My t'ou mooie as ta'n emshir feayr, tra t'ou goll stiagh ayns thie, s'cosoylagh dy bee oo gennaghtyn çheh. As mennick dy liooar ayns shamyr ennagh, ta un pheiagh gra dy vel eh feayr, ta peiagh elley sy çhamyr cheddin gra dy vel eh çheh. Cha nod oo croghey er yn aght ta sleih gennaghtyn my t'ou laccal towse sheansagh jeh cre cho feayr as cre cho çheh as t'eh. Shegin dooin croghey er tempreilys. She towse çhiass tempreilys.
Tempreilyssane

She greie ta towshan çhiassid ny tempreilys eh **tempreilyssane**. Shimmey sorçh dy hempreilyssane t'ayn nish. Agh, son y chooid smoo, cha nel sleih fakin agh tempreilyssaneyn jeant ass gless, as alcoal ny argid bio ayndaue. Y prinsabyl-obbree jeu shoh, ta shen dy vel ushlee mooadaghey ny crapley kyndagh rish y tempreilys. Ta alcoal ny argid bio currit ayns feddanyn keylley dy ghless, as ta aarey cowrit er y feddan. Ta bolgan d'ushlagh ec bun y tempreilyssane as snaie d'ushlagh goll seose veih'n volgan. She yrjid y snaie-ushlagh ta ginsh dooin y tempreilys. Roish my jed yn aarey er cowraghey er y ghless, ta bun y tempreilyssane er ny chur ayns mestey dy rio as ushtey, as ta cowrey er ny chur ec y leval ta'n ushlagh goll huggey - shen 0°C. Eisht ta bun y tempreilyssane er ny chur ayns ushtey broie dy gheddyn y cowrey son 100°C.  Ny lurg, ta'n slane aarey er ny chowraghey.

Un vondeish t'ec alcoal ayns tempreilyssane, kyndagh rish caghlaa ennagh ayns tempreilys, ta alcoal mooadaghey shey keayrt ny smoo na ta argid bio mooadaghey. Myr shen, saasey caghlaaghyn beggey ayns tempreilys y howse lesh tempreilyssane alcoal na lesh fer argid bio. As ta alcoal sloo costalagh na argid bio, as ta point-rioee alcoal ny s'inshley na point-rioee argid bio - foddee tempreilyssane alcoal goll er ymmydey sheese gys -115°C.

Agh neuvondeish t'ec alcoal ayns tempreilyssane, ta shen dy vel y point-broie echey 78°C - cha vod oo towse tempreilyssyn ny syrjey na shen lesh tempreilyssane alcoal.

Ta tempreilyssaneyn er-lheh ec fir-lhee. T'ad jeant er y aght cheddin as tempreilyssaneyn cadjin, agh ta reayn coon oc - eddyr 34°C as 42°C - er y fa dy nee mysh 37°C y tempreilys meanagh ec sleih. Ta'n fer-lhee cur bolgan y tempreilyssane ayns colb y turransagh son tammylt as eisht goaill magh eh. Ayns tempreilyssane fer-lhee, ta keylaghey ayns y feddan jeeragh erskyn y volgan. Ta'n keylaghey shen lhiettal y fliughane-snaie veih tuittym sheese, as foddee y fer-lhee towse y tempreilys myr v'eh ayns colb y turransagh. Shegin da'n fer-lhee y tempreilyssane y chraa dy chur yn argid bio erash gys y volgan.
Sulfeed vercur

Ta **sulfeed vercur**,  ny **sulfeed vercur(II)**, çheet er y cho-vunstoo ta jeant ass ny bunstooghyn mercur as sulfur. She HgS y formley kemmigagh ta goll rish. T'eh begnagh neu-lheieagh 'syn ushtey.
Earroo breneenagh

Yn **earroo breneenagh**, shen yn earroo dy phrotaneyn t'ayns çhesh-vean.  Ta earroo breneenagh anchasley ec gagh bunstoo.  She 6 yn earroo breneenagh t'ec carboan - 6 protaneyn sy çhesh-vean jeh breneen dy charboan.  As she 26 yn earroo breneenagh t'ec cobbyr (26 protaneyn sy çhesh-vean).
Gas ooasle

Ta ny **gassyn ooasle** ayns possan 0 (ta shin gra possan VIII rish shen neesht) ta ry-gheddyn er y laue yesh jeh taabyl ny bunstooghyn. Ta ooiley ny gassyn ooasle feer neu-ymobbreeagh (ta'n fockle 'argon' çheet veih fockle Greagish as y cheeall 'litçheragh' echey) - ta ny gassyn ooasle jeant ass un vreneen ny lomarcan.

She William Ramsay (1852-1916) y kemmigagh Albinagh ren feddyn magh queig jeh ny gassyn ooasle. V'eh ruggit ayns Glaschu, as ren eh studeyrys er kemmig 'sy Ghermaan fo stiurey Robert Bunsen. Ta sleih cooinaghtyn er Ramsay er yn oyr dy dooar eh magh argon (1894), hailium (1895), neoin (1898), krypton (1898) as xenon (1898). Scarr eh neoin, krypton, as xenon veih aer va jeant ny ushlagh. Chossyn William Ramsay Aundyr Nobel ayns 1904 son geddyn ny queig gassyn ooasle imraait heose.

Hoshiaght, va sleih gra 'ny gassyn taaue' rish ny gassyn ooasle, son dy row ad cho neu-ymobbreeagh. Agh eisht v'eh feddynit magh dy noddagh krypton as xenon ymobbraghey ny keayrtyn. Foddee nagh vel co-vunstoo jeh hailium, jeh neoin ny jeh argon feddynit foast. Er y fa dy vel ny gassyn ooasle cho neu-ymobbreeagh, t'ad ymmydoil. Myr sampleyr, foddee hailium goll er ymmydey dy hauçhey ayns mollagyn aeragh as ayns lhongyn-aer. S'gaueagh mollag aeragh ny lhong-aer ta lheent lesh hiddragien. 'Sy vlein 1937, y lhong-aer Ghermaanagh *[[Hindenburg (lhong-aer)|Hindenburg]]* va lheent lesh hiddragien, ren ee sheidey seose ayns lossanyn erskyn New Jersey. Va mysh lieh-cheead troailtagh marrooit kyndagh rish shen as, son y chooid smoo, va shen y jerrey jeh ny lhongyn-aer myr saase-arraghey. Bentyn da neoin, ta ymmyd jeant jeh ayns cowraghyn-soilsheydys. Ta fillamad tungsten ayns bolgan ta lhieent lesh neoin. Tra ta stroo lectragh roie trooid y fillamad, ta'n argon gymobbraghey lesh y tungsten, ta çheet dy ve ny vrasnag vane-çheh (2500°C) ta cur magh ram soilshey. Ta ymmyd jeant jeh krypton as xenon ayns londeyryn niartal ayns thieyn-soilshey as fotografeeaght.

Coadan:HeTube.jpg|Hailium
Coadan:NeTube.jpg|Neion
Coadan:ArTube.jpg|Argon
Coadan:KrTube.jpg|Krypton
Coadan:XeTube.jpg|Xenon
John Lennon

Va **John Winston Ono Lennon** (9 Jerrey Fouyir 1940 - 8 Mee ny Nollick 1980) ny chiaulleyder, ny arraneyder, ny vard arrane, as ny yl-chloieder greienyn Sostynagh. Marish Paul McCartney, George Harrison, as Ringo Starr, hooar eh ard-ghoo myr oltey jeh ny Beatles, as ta'n co-obbraghey marish McCartney echey nane jeh ny boodeeyssyn smoo ennymoil jeh'n 20oo cheead. Lurg ren y phossan brishey seose, ren eh lorgey coorse lomarcan, as ren eh croo yn possan Plastic Ono Band marish e nah ven, Yoko.

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Ringo Starr

Ta **Richard Starkey** (ny *Ringo Starr*) (ruggit 7 Jerrey Souree 1940) ny chiaulleyder, ny arraneyder, as ny vard arrane Sostynagh. Marish John Lennon, Paul McCartney as George Harrison, hooar eh ard-ghoo myr oltey jeh'n phossan kiaullee, The Beatles.

## Kianglaghyn  magh

* 
*
Co-rollageys

She corys feer vooar dy rollageyn, remladyn rollageagh, mean eddyr-rollageagh dy ghas as yoan cosmagh, as, foddee, stoo dorraghey, eh **co-rollageys**. Ta'n corys kianglt ry-cheilley fo'n ym-hayrn. Shymmey sorçh dy cho-rollageyssyn t'ayn, goaill stiagh crivassanee (marish 10 millioon, ny 107, dy rollageyn) as foawir (marish 100 trillioon, ny 1014, dy rollageyn). She sampleyr jeh co-rollageyssyn caslagh barrit eh Raad Mooar Ree Gorree.
Obbyr (fishig)

Ayns fishig, ta **obbyr** çheet er y vree ta arrit dys ny voish nhee trooid obbraghey forsey harrish scughey. 'Sy chummey s'oney, s'mennick t'eh er ny hoilshaghey myr troar forsey as vaghtoor. T'eh raait dy vel forsey jannoo obbyr yarrooagh my vel (tra t'eh currit rish) co-olt echey ayns troa scughee yn phoynt obbree. Ta forsey jannoo obbyr yiooldagh my vel co-olt echey noi troa scughee ec y phoynt obbree.

Myr sampleyr, my vees bluckan freillt harrish yn eaghtyr as, ny yei, lhieggit, ta obbyr y forsey-stoo er y vluckan tra t'eh tuittym corrym rish trimmid y vluckan (forsey) er ny vishaghey liorish y foddeeaght dys yn eaghtyr (scughey). Tra ta'n forsey  shassooagh as tra ta'n uillin eddyr y forsey as y scughey  corrym rish , ta'n obbyr goll er taishbyney myr:
 W = F s \cos{\theta}

She mooad scaillagh ee yn obbyr, as, er-yn-oyr shen, ta mooadys eck agh t'ee gyn troa. Ta obbyr garraghey bree voish boayl dys boayl elley, ny voish cummey dys cummey elley. She joule (J) yn unnid SI t'ec obbyr, myr t'ec bree.

## Imraaghyn
Çhiass-chondughtaght

She **çhiass-chondughtaght** y ghleashaght jeh çhiass trooid stoo gyn gleashaghey yn stoo hene.

My t'ou çhiow un chione jeh slat dy yiarn, ta shen cur bree da ny breneenyn yiarn ec y chione shen, as ta ny breneenyn shen tonn-chraa ny s'tappee na v'ad tonn-chraa roish shen. Ta shen cur bree da ny breneenyn sniessey daue, as t'adsyn tonn-chraa ny s'tappee. Myr shen, ta bree/çhiass gleashaghey trooid y clat, as cha nel y slat hene gleashaghey.
Allail

She **allail** nane ass piyr dy ghientagyn ta stiurey yn tro cheddin, agh foddee nagh vel eh livrey yn red cheddin. Myr sampleyr, abbyr dy vel gientagyn B as b reaghey yn daah jeh fynney lughee, agh ta B livrey fynney doo as ta b livrey fynney dhone.
Trie

She unnid liurid ayns corys ny h-unnidyn impiroil as ayns corys ny h-unnidyn cliaghtagh Americaanagh ee yn **trie** (yl. **-(gh)yn**; aagherrid ny cowrey: **tr** ny **′**). T'ee 0.3048 m er liurid. T'ee goll er rheynn magh ayns 12 oarlagh.

Va'n trie ymmydit ayns coryssyn unnidyn elley, goaill stiagh coryssyn veih'n Çhenn Ghreag, y Çhenn Raue, Sostyn, Nalbin as ram çheeraghyn Oarpagh y vooar-rheynn. Ansherbee, cha row liurid cheddin ec y trie, as va'n liurid eck anchasley veih çheer gys çheer as, ayns cooishyn er lheh, veih caayr gys caayr.

She ny Steatyn Unnaneysit yn un çheer hynskylit ta jannoo ymmyd jeh'n trie eddyr-ashoonagh as y trie howshan ayns ny h-immeeaghtyn traghtee, jeshaghteyrys as stundayrtyn oc. Ta enney oikoil foast ec y trie myr unnid elley yn liurid 'sy Chanadey as t'ee goll er ymmyd foast myr unnid liurid 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, ga dy vel ny coryssyn ayns ny çheeraghyn shen begnagh meadrit. Ta'n trie ymmydit dy mennick 'sy çhynskyl etlagh.
Oarlagh

She unnid liurid ayns ymmodee coryssyn towshan, goaill stiagh ny coryssyn impiroil as Americaanagh eh yn **oarlagh** (yl. **oarleeyn**; aagherrid ny cowrey: **oar.** ny **″**). Ta'n oarlagh 1⁄12 jeh liurid y trie ny 25.4 mm.
Dáil Éireann

She **Dáil Éireann** () y thie eeaghtyragh jeh'n Oireachtas (Parlamaid Nerin). T'ee ny shamyr smoo scanshoil 'syn Oireachtas ta goaill stiagh Eaghtyrane Nerin as Seanad Éireann (Shannad Nerin). Ta ny h-olteynyn goll er reih dagh queig bleeaney er y chooid sloo fo corys reihys coreiragh marish corys yn un teiy yn-astreeaghey. Ta ny poaraghyn eck cosoylagh rish ny pooaraghyn ayns ram coryssyn parlamaidagh daa-hamyragh elley. Ta olteynyn y Dáil (Teachtaí Dála) cruinnaghey ayns Teach Laighean, Divlyn, veih'n vlein 1922.
Glout

Ayns fishig, ta **glout** çheet er cooid stoo corp ennagh. Ta daa fo-cheeall ayn: ta **glout taaueagh** ny howse mooadagh jeh shassooaght noi siyraghey; as ta **glout ym-hayrnagh** ny howse mooadagh ta coreiragh rish mooadys yn ym-hayrn ta'n corp surranse voish nhee elley (*glout ym-hayrnagh surransagh*), ny cur er nhee elley (*glout ym-hayrnagh jantagh*).  She kilogram eh unnid SI glout.

Ta siyraghey corp coreiragh rish y glout taaueagh echey tra t'ou cur forse er. Rere nah leigh Newton er y ghleashaght, lesh cur forse ynrican ***F*** er corp *m* er glout soit, ta'n siyraghey echey ***a*** ry-gheddyn liorish ***F***/*m*. 

## Noteyn

## Imraaghyn

## Lioaryn
*

## Kianglaghyn çheumooie
*Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: "The Equivalence of Mass and Energy" liorish Francisco Flores.
*"The Mysteries of Mass," *[[Scientific American]]*, 2005-07.
*Usenet Physics FAQ liorish John Baez:
**"Does mass change with velocity?"
**"What is the mass of a photon?"
*"The Origin of Mass and the Feebleness of Gravity." Leaght liorish Nobel Laureate Frank Wilczek.
*The Apollo 15 Hammer-Feather Drop.
*Caghlaa eddyr unnidyn glout
Meechraueeaght

Ta **meechraueeaght** çheet er y chredjue dy vel mayrnaght Yee, y jeeaght, ny yn neughooghyssaght gyn enney. Ta shin gra **meechredjuagh** da peiagh nagh vel shickyr vel Jee ayn.
Myghin-varroo

She **myghin-varroo** tra ta peiagh currit gy baase ayns aght neuphiandagh tra ta çhingys gonnagh echey.
Mirril

She **mirril** red ennagh ta taghyrt ta brishey ny reillyn sheeansagh. Ta sleih gra dy vel mirrilyn jeant liorish Jee.
Padjer

Coadan:Prayers-collage.png|thumb|300px|right|Co-yalloo dy sleih crauee ta goaill padjeryn *(Jalloo so-chriggagh – gow ymmyd jeh'n whaillag son dy chur enney er ny jallooyn er lheh.)*
rect 0 0 1000 1000 Pirgryn Shintoagh goaill padjeryn noi'n çhiamble troaraght Tagata
rect 1000 0 2000 1000 Ben phoosee Hinduagh Valinagh goaill padjer car feailley poosee tradishoonagh
rect 2000 0 3000 1000 Pirgryn Moslymagh goaill padjer ec Masjid al-Haram
rect 0 1000 1000 2000 Maynagh Catoleagh Trappagh goaill padjer noi'n chrosh
rect 1000 1000 2000 2000 Saggyrt Eetoipagh goaill padjer ayns Lalibela
rect 2000 1000 3000 2000 Buddhee goaill padjer ayns Leh
rect 0 2000 1000 3000 Sikhagh goaill padjer noi'n Çhiamble Airhey ayns Amritsar
rect 1000 2000 2000 3000 Olteynyn Heshaght Çhiamble Mengjia Longshan çheet ry-cheilley son shirveish padjeragh Sheenagh tradishoonagh
rect 2000 2000 3000 3000 Ewee goaill padjer ec y Woalley Heear


Ta **padjer** çheet er aghin ny aght raad ta sleih crauee ny spyrrydoil prowal dy chur bree rish mooinjerys eddyr yn aghinagh as red ooashlee lesh çhaghteraght chiarit. 'Sy cheeall hion, ta'n çhiarrym çheet er aght aghin ny sheealtaght ta jeerit rish jeeaght ny shennayr jeeit. DY cadjin, foddee sleih padjeryn y chur son dy chur bwooise ny moylley. Ayns craueeaght chosoylagh, ta padjer kianglt dy çhion rish cummaghyn smooinaghtyn dowin ny smoo scartagh as rish obbyn ny pishagyn.

## Bun-ocklaght
T'n fockle Gaelgagh *padjer* çheet ass  y Çhenn Yernish as eh çheet ass  y Ladjyn, y chied ockle 'sy lhieggan Ladjyn jeh Padjer y Çhiarn (*[[Pater noster]]*).

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Manx Gaelic Prayers er ynnyd-eggey Skeerey Noo Mian, Doolish
Jee

Ayns coryssyn credjue un-jeeagh, ta sleih jeeaghyn er **Jee** myr yn ard-vioys, y crootagh, as yn ard-red jeh'n chredjue. Ayns coryssyn yl-jeeagh, ta jee çheet er "spyrryd ny bioys chroo, ny ta stiurey ayrn jeh'n tuinney ny jeh'n vea, as sleih gooashlaghey eh ny ee er son y chrooaght ny stiurey shen". Ta shin gra jeeaghys tra ta shin çheet er credjue beays jee erbee.

Ta smooinaghtyn Yee anchasley dy mooar. Ta ram jeeaghteyryn as fallsoonee er ny lhiassaghey arganeyssyn er son as noi beays Yee. Ta'n anjeeys jiooldaghey credjue ayns jeeaght erbee. Ta meechraueeaght çheet er neuhushtey beays Yee. Ta jeeaghteyryn ennagh smooinaghtyn dy re ass credjue ta dagh fys bentyn rish Jee. Ta Jee coontit dy mennich myr yn unnid share t'ayn. T'eh er credjal dy nee Jee cooish lesh dagh red as, myr shen, t'eh coontit myr y crootagh, yn ymmyrkagh, as reireyder yn tuinney. Ya Jee coontit dy mennick myr bioys neuheihlltagh as seyr veih'n chrooaght heihlltagh, choud's ta'n ooilley-jeeaghys smooinaghtyn dy nee yn tuinney hene Jee. Keayrtyn, ta sleih jeeaghyn er Jee myr bioys ooilley-ghiastyllagh, choud's ta'n jeeys gra nagh vel Jee goaill ayrn 'sy veays sheelnaue faagail magh y chrooaght hene.

Ta tradishoonyn ennagh cur scansh da freayltys mooinjerys eddyr y chredjuagh as Jee, goaill stiagh reddyn lheid as ooashlaghey as padjer, as t'ad jeeaghyn er Jee myr bun dagh currym moralagh. Ta fir ennagh cur sheese er Jee gyn fockle bentyn rish e cheintys choud's ta fir elley gymmydey çhiarrymeeaght ta çheet er keintys Yee. Shymmey ennym t'ec Jee, croghey er çhengey as y tradishoon cultooragh, as enmyssyn ennagh ymmydit ta çheet er troyn eigsoylagh Yee.

## Imraaghyn