open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Buighag

She lus lussagh sheer-vio ee **buighag** (***Ranunculus repens***).  T'ee dooghyssagh da'n Oarpey, yn Aishey as yn Affrick heear hwoaie.

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
T'ee gaase wheesh as 50cm er yrjid.  T'ee sthollaneagh.  Ta gish snauee cur magh fraueyn as lossreeyn noa; ta gish yeeragh cur magh blaaghyn.  Ta ny duillagyn s'inshley eck rheynnit ayns tree duillageenyn lheead babbanagh, mysh 1.5-8cm er lhiurid, er cass wheesh as 20cm er lhiurid.  Ta ny duillagyn s'yrjey ny sloo as ta duillageenyn s'keylley oc.  Ta gish as duillagyn renaigagh.  Ta blaaghyn buighey queig-petyllagh eck, mysh 2-3cm er crantessen.  She acheneyn ad ny messyn eck, mysh 2.5-4mm er lhiurid.  Share jee thalloo bog.

## Ymmyd
Hie buighag er creck er feie ny cruinney myr lus yesheenagh, as t'ee ny lus ruegyssagh ayns ymmyodee buill nish.  T'ee nieunagh rere cliaghtey y ghenus, agh ta'n nieu lheie liorish çhirmaghey marish traagh.  Foddee sapp buighag ny volgeyder.  Cha nel ollee dy ee er coontey'n vlass garg eck; myr shen, t'ee jannoo ymmyd jeh'n thalloo fassit dys skeeaylley ny sthollaneyn eck.  T'ee goll er skeaylley liorish arraghey traagh myrgeddin.  

## Imraaghyn
Buighan shellee

She lus lussagh eh **buighan shellee** (***Monotropa hypopitys***).  T'eh dooghyssagh da'n Lieh-chruinney Hwoaie tempreilagh, agh t'eh goan.

Anchasley rish y chooid smoo dy lossreeyn, cha nel chlorophyll erbee ec buighan shellee.  She hetra-veeagheyder fliughaneagh ta goaill bee liorish sheadanys er fungyssyn; cha nel eh co-haaghey sollysh.  Myr shen, foddee eh cummal ayns buill ghorraghey, myr sampleyr, laare keyljyn glooey, er y fa nagh vel feme echey er soilshey ny greiney.

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
T'eh gaase wheesh as 35cm er yrjid er gass neuvanglaneagh.  Ta'n clane lus bane-wuigh as blass jiarg echey.  She crottylyn ad ny duillagyn echey, mysh 5-10mm er lhiurid.  Ta ny blaaghyn buighey ny jiargey croghey neose ayns dhossan dy 2-11; t'ad mysh 9-12mm er lhiurid.

Ta'n ennym oaylleeagh ass Greagish Ladjinit: *hypo-*, "fo", as *pitys*, "juys", rere oayll cadjin ny lus.  Ren Linnaeus eh y vee-lettraghey myr *hypopithys*, as ta kuse dy 'leih screeu rere shen.  Ny yei shen, t'ad gra dy vel y lettraghey "ry-charraghey myr 'hypopitys'", rere aght screeuee oayllee elley.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn mooie
Bullught

Ta **bullught** ny **bwilloght** (***Caltha palustris***) ny lus lussagh sheer-vio.  T'ee dooghyssagh da curree, anee, jeeigyn as thalloo keylley 'sy Lieh-chruinney Hwoaie tempreilagh.

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
T'ee gaase wheesh as 80cm er yrjid.  Ta duillagyn aarey-chrooagh eck, mysh 3-20cm er lheead; ta oirr saue-eeacklagh as eaghtyr kereagh oc.  Ta ny gish eck follym.  Ta blaaghyn buighey eck; t'ad mysh 2-5cm er crantessen, as 4-9 seepalyn gollrish petyllyn oc, chammah's ymmodee staimynyn.  T'ad çheet my vlaa eddyr arrey as sourey.  Ta shey-chassee cur keayrt orroo er son pollin as naghtyr ta goll er taaley er çheu dagh carpyl.  Ta ny carpyllyn jannoo follicleyn glassey jeu hene, wheesh as 1cm er lhiurid as ymmodee rassinyn ayndaue.

Myr lossreeyn elley 'sy Ranunculaceae, t'ee nieunagh.  Foddee eh cur gorley craitnagh as brooanyn ort liorish ro-ventyn rish.  

## Imraaghyn

*Clapham, A. R., Tutin, T. G., and Warburg, E. F., 1962, *Flora of the British Isles*  Cambridge University Press
*Lord, Tony (ed), 2006, *RHS Plant Finder 2006-2007*  London: RHS/Dorling Kindersley ISBN 1-4053-1455-9
*Mabey, Richard, 1997,  *Flora Britannica* London: Chatto and Windus
*Rose, Francis, 2006, *The Wild Flower Key* (edition revised and expanded by Clare O'Reilly)  London: Frederick Warne  ISBN 0-7232-5175-4
*Flora of China: ''Caltha palustris''
*Flora Europaea: ''Caltha palustris''
*Flora of North America: ''Caltha palustris''
*Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Caltha palustris''
*
Jeneeve

She liggar lesh blass berrishyn euar ny greg echey eh **jeneeve**. Ta ram aghtyn dy jeneeve ayn agh dy mennick t'eh er ny rheynn magh ayns daa ronney leighoil. Ta'n **jeneeve drigit** jeant 'syn aght tradishoonagh lesh aa-ghrigey liggaryn neaghtyragh as bun eirinagh oc rish berrishyn euar ny greg as lussyn elley. Er y laue elley, ta'n **jeneeve covroojit** jeant lesh blassey liggar neaghtyragh rish tharraghyn as/ny rish 'blasstanyn najooragh' elley gyn aa-ghrigey, as rere shen cha nel foayr mooar er y torçh shen. Er y chooid sloo ta 37.5% alcoal rere thummid ayns dagh boteil 'syn UO as 40% er y chooid sloo ayns dagh boteil 'syn SUA.
Kione (reddaghey)

Ta ny smoo ny un cheayll lesh yn 'ockle **kione**:
* kione, y chooid heose jeh corp baagh ny dooinney
* kione, argane d'olt ennagh 'sy ghrammeydys
Kione

Ayns ronsaghey-kirpey, ta **kione** baagh, cretoor ny dooinney çheet er y chooid crannagh ta cummal yn inçhyn, ny sooillyn, ny cleayshyn, y stroin as y beeal. Ta ny h-ayrnyn shen cooney lesh obbraidyn keeallagh, lheid as y shilley, yn eaishtaght, y toaral as y blastyn. S'cosoylagh nagh vel king er cretooryn neuchramp ennagh, agh ta king ry akin er ram er sorçhyn ennagh dy vioagyn shimmeadragh daa-heuagh.

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Ronsaghey-kirpey yn chione as y wannal
Burleek

She lus sooagh eh **burleek** (***Veronica beccabunga***).  T'eh gaase rish strooanyn as jeeigyn 'syn Oarpey, yn Affrick Hwoaie as yn Aishey hwoaie as heear.  

Ta duillagyn dronuillagagh echey, as blaaghyn beggey gorrym ny bane-jiarg.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
*Recortys USDA Plants
*Recortys GRIN Species
Ulrike Meinhof

She caggeyder Germaanagh jeh'n skian chlee va **Ulrike Marie Meinhof** (7 Jerrey Fouyir 1934 - 9 Boaldyn 1976). Ren ee cur er bun Cologid yn Armee Jiarg (*Rote Armee Fraktion*) marish Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin as Horst Mahler 'sy vlein 1970 lurg lhing obbyr myr earisheyr marish yn earishlioar *[[Konkret]]*. V'ee goit seose 'sy vlein 1972 as va cassid jeant urree son ram dunveryssyn as son cur er bun sheshaght chimmeeagh. Roish jerrey yn chooish leigh 'sy vlein 1976, va Meinhof feddynit 'sy chillag eck as ee er ny ve croghit.
Ammyr Griboyedov

She ammyr ayns Caayr Pheddyr, y Roosh, ee **Ammyr Griboyedov** (, *Kanal Griboyedova*; roish y vlein 1923: , *Yekatyerininskiy kanal*). Ta'n ammyr goaill toshiaght ec yn awin Moyka ec Magher Vart as t'ee roie stiagh 'syn awin Fontanka ec Droghad Malo-Kalinkin. Ta'n ammyr 5 km er lhiurid as 32 m er lheead. T'ee teaumey ushtey magh er cormid harrish er 3.1 &mdash; 3.4 m³/s.

## Shennaghys
Ec y toshiaght va ennym y Ven Saar Katreeney II currit er yn ammyr myr va'n ammyr er ny troggal car y lhing reilley eck. Er 6 Jerrey Fouyir 1923 va'n ammyr aa-enmyssit as ennym y screeudeyr cloie as yn diplomagh Alexander Sergeyevich Griboyedov currit er. Ren eh cummal ayns thie çheu yn ammyr as haink urree dy ve enmyssit *канал Писателя Грибоедова* ny "Ammyr y Screeudeyr Griboyedov", as veih'n vlein 1931 myr *канал Грибоедова* ("Ammyr Griboyedov").

Va'n ammyr currit sheese er lhiabbee yn awin Krivusha (Кривуша) as ee goaill toshiaght ayns curragh ushlagh eddyr Kerrin Konyushennaya as Kerrin ny h-Ellynyn. 'Sy vlein 1739 va'n farrane eck kianglt rish y Moyka as eddyr ny bleeantyn 1764 as 1790 va'n bun eck diunit as va brooinyn yn ammyr aaniartit liorish cleigh va jeant ass clagh hryal. Va'n obbyr shen jeant ec I. M. Golenishchev-Kutuzov, I. A. Borisov, F. B. Baur as K. F. Moderakh. Eddyr ny bleeantyn 1954 as 1956 va eddin clagh hryal currit er yn ammyr veih'n Moyka gys yn Traid Iddaalagh.

'Sy vlein 1735 va droghad aamaid er ny hroggal liorish Astyl Voznesensky fo'n ennym Droghad Voznesensky. Hoshee troggalaght er yn ard mygeayrt y Krivusha çheu yiass veih Astyl Nevsky 'sy vlein 1737 tra hoshee stashoonyn listal jeh Rheynn y Lhuingys Marrey gobbraghey veih'n ard shen. Hoshee yn troggalaght niartaghee er y vroogh yesh. Va ny chied thieyn troggit liorish aamaid as maidjey, agh rere oardagh impiroil veih'n Taar cha row ymmyd jeh ny biljyn darragh, malpys as theiley lhiggit. My row ny biljyn shen ry-akin er y voayl-troggee v'ad aachuirrit sheese ayns ny garaghyn as ny h-ooylee ry laue.

Ayns ny bleeantyn 2007 as 2008 va un vroogh aahroggit eddyr Droghad Kazansky as Droghad y Vanc. Ansherbee, ta'n broogh elley foast fuirraghtyn er aahroggalaght.

## Droghadyn

Ta 21 ghroghad goll tessen yn ammyr:
* Droghad yn Theater (Театральный мост)
* Droghad Novo-Konyushenny (Ново-Конюшенный мост)
* Yn Droghad Iddaalagh (Итальянский мост)
* Droghad Kazansky (Казанский мост)
* Droghad y Vanc (Банковский мост)
* Droghad y Flooyr (Мучной мост)
* Yn Droghad Cloaie (Каменный мост)
* Droghad Demidov (Демидов мост)
* Droghad yn Traagh (Сенной мост)
* Droghad Kokushkin (Кокушкин мост)
* Droghad Voznesensky (Вознесенский мост)
* Droghad Podyachesky (Подьяческий мост)
* Droghad ny Kiare Leionyn (Львиный мост)
* Droghad Kharlamov (Харламов мост)
* Droghad Novo-Nikolsky (Ново-Никольский мост)
* Droghad Krasnogvardeysky (Красногвардейский мост)
* Droghad Pikalov (Пикалов мост)
* Droghad Mogilev (Могилёвский мост)
* Droghad Alarchin (Аларчин мост)
* Droghad Kolomensky (Коломенский мост)
* Droghad Malo-Kalinkin (Мало-Калинкин мост)
Neva (awin)

She awin ayns sheear hwoaie ny Roosh ee awin y **Neva** (, ASE:). T'ee roie magh veih Logh Ladoga trooid Queiggey Leningrad stiagh gys Baie Neva er Lhoob Finnlynn ayns Caayr Pheddyr. Gyn y wooise da'n lhiurid ghiare eck (74 km), t'ee ny trass awin smoo 'syn Oarpey rere y lhiggey magh eck (lurg y Volga as y Danube).

Cha nel awin alley roie magh as Loch Ladoga. Ta kiare caayryn troggit er ny brooinyn eck: Caayr Pheddyr, Shlisselburg, Kirovsk as Otradnoye, myrane lesh shiartanse dy valjyn as valjyn beggey elley. She awin yn-shiaulley t'aynjee as t'ee ny cooid jeh Bollagh Ushtey yn Volga as y Vooir Valtagh as Ammyr y Vooir Vane as y Vooir Valtagh.

## Galleree
Moyka (awin)

She awin as far-chrouw deltey yn Neva ayns Caayr Pheddyr, y Roosh ee yn **Moyka** (). T'ee cruinnaghey yn chooid veanagh jeh'n chaayr, as rere shen ta'n chooid veanagh jeh'n chaayr ny h-ellan. T'ee 4.67 km er lhiurid, seose gys 40 m er lheead, as 3.2 m er diunid. T'ee toshiaghey ec y Fontanka faggys da Magher Vart as roie stiagh 'sy Neva eddyr Ellan ny h-Ardmarraght Noa as Keiy ny h-Ardmarraght.
Straid Korablestroiteley

She straid ayns Caayr Pheddyr heear, y Roosh, ee **Straid Korablestroiteley** (, *Ulitsa Korablestroiteley*; Rooshish son "Straid ny Troggeyderyn Lhongey"). Ta'n traid ny soie er Ellan Vasilyevsky heear as t'eh er credjal dy vel ee ny straid s'lhea 'sy chaayr. Hooar y traid yn ennym eck 'sy vlein 1972. T'ee roie tessen yn awin Smolenka liorish Droghad Korablestroiteley. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh ny thieyn er y traid nyn dhieyn cummaltagh preevaadjagh, agh ta thie lhiabbagh jeh Ollooscoil Steat Chaayr Pheddyr as yn thie oast "Pribaltiyskaya" nyn soie er y traid.
Burleek ushtey

She lus lussagh sheer-vio eh **burleek ushtey** (***Veronica anagallis-aquatica***).  T'eh gaase ayns thalloo fliugh as ushtey thanney.   

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
She lus raisoamagh t'ayn.  Ta ny gish echey 10cm-1m er lhiurid; ta kuse jeu snaueagh, as fir elley jeeragh.  Ta duillagyn maylartey rea ny feeacklagh echey.  Ta crouw-vlaaghey cur magh blaaghyn gorrym ny gorrym-jiargey er frauaig.  Ta daa staimyn ec dagh blaa.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn mooie
*Jepson Manual Treatment
*USDA Plants Profile
Mair

She olt jeh corp yn dooinney as organe ry hoi laueaghey, stiurey as ennaghtyn ta ry-gheddyn er laueyn deiney as far-gheiney as er cassyn cretooryn elley ee yn **vair**. Dy cadjin ta queig mairyn er y laue (gyn baght er yn yl-vairaghys, er y fo-vairaghys, as er coayl mairyn). She yn ordaag y chied vair er y laue, as t'ad ny mairyn ny lurg ayn na'n chorrag, y vair vooar, mair ny fainey as y vair veg. Dy cadjin ta'n enmys "mair chass" ny "mair choshey" currit er ny h-oltyn t'ayn ec jerrey cassyn.
Burley

She lus lussagh sheer-vio eh **burley** (***Nasturtium officinale***).  T'ad jannoo ymmyd jeh myr glassrey duillagagh.

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
Ta gish 'ollym echey, 15-90cm er lhiurid, ta nyn lhie ayns ushtey.  Ta duillagyn neurea-fedjagagh echey, as 1-5 piyr dy ghuillageenyn oc.  Ta fraueyn taghyrtagh gaase ass noadyn.  T'eh çheet my vlaa eddyr Mee Vayrnt as Jerrey Souree, myr crouw-vlaaghey bane.  Ta fynneigyn 8-20mm er lhiurid as 2-3mm er lheead echey, as wheesh as 60 rass ayndaue ayns daa straih.

## Imraaghyn
Sooill

She organe ta cronnaghey soilshey as ta çhyndaa yn soilshey shen gys thollaneyn lectro-chemmigagh ayns neayr-chillagyn ee yn **tooill**. Ta ny fotoghowderyn s'bunneydagh 'sy çhilley co-yssagh kiangley yn soilshey rish gleashaght. Ayns bioagyn ny s'yrjey ta'n tooill ny chooid jeh corys shilleydagh co-chast as t'ee çhaglym yn soilshey veih'n çhymmyltaght mygeayrt-y-mooee; cur streean er y gheyrid liorish cooney veih scannane; jeeraghey yn soilshey liorish cooney veih corys so-chiartaghey dy hooillagyn dy chroo jallooyn; çhyndaa ny jallooyn shen gys possan dy chowraghyn lectragh; as creeley ny cowraghyn shen gys yn inçhyn er bollee neayragh cho-chast ta kiangley yn tooill, trooid y nearag hilleydagh, gys y chorteish hilleydagh as ardjyn elley yn inçhyn. Dy cadjin, ta ny sooillyn soit 'sy chione er-yn-oyr dy vel y bollagh veih ny sooillyn dys yn inçhyn ny s'girrey.
Stroin

Dy fishigagh ta'n stroin ny h-organe er yn eddin. Rere ronsaghey-kirpey, ta'n fockle **stroin** çheet er moyl ayns vertebree ta cummal ny tuill stroaney ta lhiggey yn aer stiagh as magh son ennalaghey lesh cooney veih'n veeal. Ta ny mucoseyn soaralagh as ny lhaggeenyn stroaney soit çheu-chooyl jeh'n stroin. Çheu-chooyl jeh'n lhin stroaney, ta'n aer goll trooid y farang, as eh er ny rheynn lesh y chorys lheieagh, as jeeragh stiagh 'sy chooid elley jeh'n chorys ennalagh. Ta'n stroin soit er mean yn eddin ayns deiney agh ayns y chooid smoo jeh sheeintee elley t'ee ry-gheddyn er baare y strooh.
Burley cleiyee

She lus eh **burley cleiyee** (***Sisymbrium officinale***).  T'eh dooghyssagh da'n Oarpey as yn Affrick Hwoaie, agh t'eh ry-akin er feie ny cruinney nish.  

## Ymmyd
She brasneyder moon, brasneyder shelley as purgaidagh t'ayn.  Ta lusseyryn jannoo ymmyd jeh noi sheer-chassaghtee as çhingys gailley.  Ayns lheeys Tibetagh, ta ymmyd jeant jeh noi nieuaghey bee.

T'eh goll er troarey harrish yn Oarpey er son ny duillagyn as rassinyn yn-ee echey.  Ta ymmyd jeant jeh myr spios ayns glassan, ny myr aunlyn.

T'eh ny bee da praddagyn *[[Pieris rapae]]* as foillycanyn elley.

## Imraaghyn

## Lioaryn
* 

## Kianglaghyn magh
*
Burley frangagh

She lus eh **burley frangagh** (***Rorippa islandica***, ***Rorippa palustris***).  T'eh dooghyssagh da'n Oarpey, yn Aishey, yn Affrick Hwoaie, as America Hwoaie.  T'eh ny harkyl neughooghyssagh ayns çheeraghyn elley. T'eh gaase ayns thalloo fliugh.

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
Ta gass yeeragh echey, wheesh as 1m er yrjid.  Ta duillagyn feeacklagh dys babbanagh echey, wheesh as 30cm er lhiurid.  Ta ny blaaghyn jannoo magh crouw-vlaaghey wuigh; ta ny petyllyn oc ayns cummey spein.  She fynneig liauyr eh y mess echey, wheesh as kentimeader er lhiurid.

## Imraaghyn
Cleaysh

She yn organe corpronsagh ta cronnaghey sheean ee yn **chleaysh**. Ansherbee, cha nel ee cloie paart myr gowaltagh son sheean ny lomarcan; ta paart mooar eck ayns cormaghey as soiaghey yn chorp. Ta'n chleaysh ny chooid jeh'n chorys eaishteeagh. Ta'n fockle "cleaysh" ymmydit dy chur sheese er y clane organe as er y chooid so-akin.
Burley garroo

She lus blaagh eh **burley garroo**.  T'eh dooghyssagh da'n Oarpey, yn Aishey, as America Hwoaie hwoaie.

## Kianglaghyn magh
*Jepson Manual Treatment
*USDA Plants Profile
*GRIN Species Profile
*Caslyssyn-soilshey
Mollee

She ardjyn jeh renaigyn fiosagh as gloo çheu heose jeh ny sooillyn ad **molleeyn**. T'ad goll rish cummey yn oirr injil jeh'n immyr erskyn sooillyn sheeintee er-lheh. She yn phreeu-churrym oc na dy chur lhiettrimys er tuittym yn ollish as yn ushtey stiagh ayns laggin ny sooillyn, agh ta paart mooar oc ayns deiney ry hoi çhaghteraght gheiney as dreagh eddinagh. Dy mennick ta deiney, as mraane er lheh, ceaghley ny molleeyn lesh bishaghey ny scughey renaigyn, jeshaghey, ny towlley.
Burley geuree

She genus dy lossreeyn lossreeyn blaaghey sheer-vio eh ***Barbarea*** (**burley geuree**).  T'ad dooghyssagh da'n Lieh-chruinney Hwoaie, as y chooid smoo jeu 'syn Oarpey yiass as yn Aishey heear yiass.  

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
Ta duillagyn babbanagh glassey dorraghey echey.  Ta ny blaaghyn buighey as kiare-phetyllagh.

## Dooieyn
Rere The Plant List:
**[[Barbarea auriculata]]*
**[[Barbarea australis]]*
**[[Barbarea balcana]]*
**[[Barbarea bosniaca]]*
**[[Barbarea brachycarpa]]*
**[[Barbarea bracteosa]]*
**[[Barbarea conferta]]*
**[[Barbarea grandiflora]]*
**[[Barbarea grayi]]*
**[[Barbarea hongii]]*
**[[Barbarea integrifolia]]*
**[[Barbarea intermedia]]*
**[[Barbarea x krausei]]*
**[[Barbarea longirostris]]*
**[[Barbarea lutea]]*
**[[Barbarea macrocarpa]]*
**[[Barbarea oligosperma]]*
**[[Barbarea orthoceras]]*
**[[Barbarea perennis]]*
**[[Barbarea plantaginea]]*
**[[Barbarea platycarpa]]*
**[[Barbarea rupicola]]*
**[[Barbarea sicula]]*
**[[Barbarea stricta]]*
**[[Barbarea stolonifera]]*
**[[Barbarea taiwaniana]]*
**[[Barbarea trichopoda]]*
**[[Barbarea verna]]*
**[[Barbarea vulgaris]]*
Ta kiare dooieyn (*B. intermedia*, *B. stricta*, *B. vulgaris* as *B. verna*) dooghyssagh da ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh.

## Ymmyd
Ta duillagyn yn-ee ec kuse dy ghooieyn.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn mooie
*Flora Europaea: ''Barbarea''
*Flora of China: ''Barbarea''
Burley traie

She lus daa-vleeanagh eh **burley traie** (***Barbarea verna***).  T'eh dooghyssagh da'n Oarpey heear yiass.  
T'eh yn-ee, agh cha nel eh goll er troarey dy cadjin. 

## Imraaghyn
Bwoid saggyrt

Ta **bwoid saggyrt** (***Dactylorhiza maculata***) ny lus.  Ta'n ennym echey oaylleeagh echey rere breckyn ny blaaghyn as duillagyn echey; she "mair-fraue breck" eh keeayll yn ennym.
Crooin Hostyn

Ta **Crooin Hostyn**, ny **yn Chrooin** () ny cochorp lomarcan.  Ayns reamyn y Cho-unnaneys, as ny mooar-rheynnyn as steatyn oc, ta'n Chrooin cochorpaghey y reiltys er son y leigh, reiragh, slattyssagh, ny briwnagh.  Haink rish ee 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneyssit dys eddyraghey y crooin chorpagh as cooid yn ashoon veih yn ard-ree as y chooid echeysyn.  Skeayll yn eie da coloinyn Goaldagh, as t'eh ry-akin nish ayns ashoonyn neuchrogheydagh y Cho-unnaneys.  Ta scansh eddyr Crooin Hostyn as Cliejeenyn ny Crooiney.
Yn Eash Chloaie

Ta'n **Eash Chloaie** ny **Eash ny Claghyn** ny h-eash roie-hendeeagh y theihill.  Ta'n ennym rere greieyn cloaie y sleih v'ayn, jeh clagh ghrillinagh erskyn ooilley.  Va greieyn elley jeant jeh fuygh as craue. 

T'ad rheynn yn eash ayns tree ammyn:
* Yn Çhenn Eash Chloaie (Shennlittagh)
* Yn Eash Chloaie Veanagh (Mesolittagh)
* Yn Eash Chloaie Noa (Noalittagh)
Crayderaght

Ta **pasheydys** çheet er cooid ta jeant jeh cray coagit.  Ta troghyn as dooghys y pasheydys rere y sorçh dy chray t'ad jannoo ymmyd jeh, as myr shen, ta saaseyn tradishoonagh er lheh ec ardjyn er lheh dy cadjin.  Foddee pasheyder jannoo caghlaaghyn cooid liorish ny saaseyn t'ayn.  

'Sy toshiaght, chiaddee ad cummey y nhee craie er laueyn ynrican.  Ny s'anmey, ghow ad toshiaght jannoo ymmyd jeh queeyllyn, ayns Mesopotamia mysh 6,000-4,000 RJC.  Y pasheydys s'leaie as fys ain er, shen jallooghyn deiney beggey hie er jannoo mysh 29,000–25,000 RJC. Y crockanys s'leaie as fys ain er, shen ass yn Çhapaan as jeant mysh 10,500 RJC. S'cosoylagh eh dy hooar magh sleih çhaghnyssyn pasheydys ayns ymmodee buill er feie ny cruinney gyn kiangley eddyr oc.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Jantys y chrayderaght 'syn emshir hie shaghey er y gherrid 
* UK Ceramic Brands and British Ceramicists &ndash; Saase da crayderyn
Armys Nerin

Ta **armys Nerin** jeant seose jeh claasagh airhey lesh strengyn as daah argid orroo er cooylrey gorrym. She cowrey heraldagh Nerin y chlaasagh. T'eh ry akin er yn armys v'er ny recortyssey dy h-oikoil myr armys steat Nerin er 9 Sauin 1945.

## Imraaghyn
Yn Toodaan Yiass

She çheer 'syn Affrick ee **yn Toodaan Yiass**. T'ee çhemmit liorish y Toodaan da'n twoaie, liorish yn Eetoip da'n shiar, liorish y Cheinney, Ooganda, as Pobblaght Gheynlagh y Chongo da'n jiass, as liorish Pobblaght yn Affrick Veanagh da'n sheear. She Juba yn preeu-valley.
The Lion King

She fillym drama kiaullee bioghit Americaanagh voish y vlein 1994 eh ***The Lion King***. Hie yn fillym er ny ghientyn liorish Walt Disney Feature Animation as er ny skeaylley magh liorish Walt Disney Pictures. T'eh ny 32h ard-fillym bioghit Disney as ny wheiggoo fillym bioghit hie er ghientyn car yn eash ta enmyssit Disney Renaissance. Va *The Lion King* stiurit ec Roger Allers as Rob Minkoff as screeuit ec Don Hahn, voish scaa-chloie liorish Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts, as Linda Woolverton. Va ny h-arraneyn bunneydagh screeuit ec y chummeyder Elton John as yn arraneyder Tim Rice, marish reaghys kiaullee liorish Hans Zimmer. Ta'n fillym goaill stiagh gooyn Matthew Broderick, James Earl Jones, Jeremy Irons, Jonathan Taylor Thomas, Moira Kelly, Nathan Lane, Ernie Sabella, Rowan Atkinson, Robert Guillaume, Madge Sinclair ('sy phaart fillym jerrinagh eck), Whoopi Goldberg, Cheech Marin, as Jim Cummings. Ta *[[The Lion King II: Simba's Pride]]* (1998) eiyrtyssagh er.
An Aitinn Bhuí

She claghan beg ayns çheshvean Choontae yn Vee, Nerin, ee **an Aitinn Bhuí** (; Yernish son "yn Aittin Vuigh"). T'ee ny soie 5&nbsp;km çheu heear yiass veih Baile Shláine, er y joarey eddyr ny baljyn eirinagh Baile an Dolardaigh as Baile an tSeanascail.
Baile Nua na Manach

Ta **Baile Nua na Manach** (; Yernish son "Balley Noa ny Maynaghyn") ny valley beg eirinagh ayns Coontae yn Vee, Nerin. T'eh ny lhie 4 km hiar yiass veih Baile Shláine as 700&nbsp;m veih'n joarey rish Coontae Lhoo.
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres

Va **Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres** (29 Mee ny Nollick, 1780 - 1867) ny pheinteyr Frangagh. V'eh ruggit ayns Montauban, y Rank ayns 1780 as hooar eh baase ayns 1867 ayns Paarys.
Masiela Lusha

Ta **Masiela Lusha** ny ben-chloieder fillym as ardan Albaanagh as Americaanagh. V'ee ruggit ayns Tiranë, yn Albaan er 23 Jerrey Fouyir 1985. 

## Rolley filmyn
*2000: *Father's Love*, Lisa
*2001: *Summoning*, Grace
*2001: *Lizzie McGuire*, Model
*2002: *George Lopez*, Carmen Lopez (101 episodeyn)
*2003: *Clifford's Puppy Days*, Nina (46 episodeyn)  
*2004: *Cherry Bomb*, Kim
*2006: *Law and Order: Criminal Intent*, Mira
*2007: *Time of the Comet*, Agnes
*2008: *Blood: The Last Vampire*, Sharon
*2009: *Ballad of Broken Angels: Harmony*, Harmony 
*2009: *Lopez Tonight*
*2010: *Kill Katie Malone*, Ginger
*2010: *Of Silence*, Annabelle
*2010: *Signed in Blood*, Nina 
*2011: *Under the Boardwalk: The Monopoly Story*
*2011: *Tough Business*, Grace
*2011: *Science of Cool*

## Kiangley çheumooie
*
Baile Bháigh

She claghan beg ayns çheshvean Choontae yn Vee, Nerin, ee **Baile Bháigh** (). T'eh ny hoie 5&nbsp;km çheu heear yiass veih'n Ooive, preeu-valley yn choontae beggan çheu hwoaie jeh'n phreeu-raad ashoonagh N51.
Coryssyn screeuee Canadagh

Ta **Coryssyn screeuee Canadagh** (ny keayrtyn, **shillabaght Chanadagh**), ny kynney dy abugidaghyn t'ad jannoo ymmyd jeu dys screeu çhengaghyn bun-dooghyssagh Canadagh ennagh.  T'ad goaill stiagh çhengaghyn Algonquiagh as Çhengaghyn Eskimagh-Aleutagh; va ymmyd jeant jeu liorish çhengaghyn Athabaskan traa dy row.

Ta ymmyd jeant jeh ny coryssyn shoh dys screeu abbyrtyn Creeish eddyr Naskapish (ayns Quebec) dys ny Sleityn Rocky, as shen goaill stiagh including Creeish Hiar, Creeish Cheylley, Creeish Churree as Creeish Vagheragh.  'Syn Arctagh Canadagh hiar, t'ad screeu Inuktitut lioroo, as ta stayd co-oikoil oc marish yn abbyrlhit Romanagh ayns Nunavut.  Ta ymmyd ardjynagh oc dys screeu Ojiwebish 'syn Chanadey Heear.  Va ymmyd jeant jeu keayrtyn dy row dys screeu Siksikish, Dakelhish, Dene Suline, Slavish, Tliçhoish, as Danezaaish.

Ta ymmyd neuchadjin jeant jeu liorish boodeeyssyn er creeaghyn ny Canadey as ny Steatyn Unnaneyssit, agh she phenomenon Canadagh t'ayn son y chooid smoo.

## Cummey
Gyn scansh da'n ennym Baarleagh "Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics" oc, she abugida t'ayn, cha nee shillabaght.  Ta cowraghyn er lheh ec dagh shillab ayns shillabaght, as son y chooid smoo cha nel shillabyn gollrish y cheilley ga dy vel y corockle cheddin oc.  Ta'n corys screeuee Canadagh jannoo ymmyd jeh cowraghyn cadjin as ad y chaghlaa (liorish çhyndaa) dys cowraghey y breeockle t'oc.  Cha nel yn aght cowree shoh, liorish çhyndaa ny "lettyryn", ry-akin ayns coryssyn screeuee elley erbee.

## Imraaghyn

## Lioaryn
*Comrie, Bernard. 2005. "Writing systems." Martin Haspelmath, Matthew Dryer, David Gile, Bernard Comrie,  eds. *The world atlas of language structures,* 568-570. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-925591-1
*Murdoch, John. 1981. *Syllabics: A successful educational innovation.* MEd thesis, University of Manitoba
*Nichols, John. 1996. “The Cree syllabary.” Peter Daniels and William Bright, eds. *The world’s writing systems,* 599-611. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-507993-0

## Kianglaghyn çheumooie

* Language Geek: All About Syllabics
* Carrier Writing Systems
* Goaill stiagh ymmodee artyn er coryssyn screeuee Canadagh

### Fontyn
* Tiro Typeworks. Fontyn da ymmodee çhengaghyn.
* Language Geek. Fontyn da ymmodee çhengaghyn.
* Eastern James Bay syllabic fonts and typing packages.
The Aristocats

She fillym aittys kiaullee romansagh Americaanagh veih'n vlein 1970 eh ***The Aristocats***. Hie yn fillym er ny ghientyn liorish Walt Disney Productions as er ny stiurey liorish Wolfgang Reitherman. Y 20oo ard-fillym bioghit Disney, ta'n fillym bunnit er skeeal liorish Tom McGowan as Tom Rowe, as geiyrt er lught kiyt ooasle as er kayt straiddey ta cooney riu lurg ren butleyr goaill ad son goaill greim er berçhys e venainshtyr. Ta'n fillym goaill stiagh gooyn Phil Harris, Eva Gabor, Hermione Baddeley, Dean Clark, Sterling Holloway, Scatman Crothers, as Roddy Maude-Roxby.
Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure

She fillym contoyrtys bioghit Americaanagh veih'n vlein 2003 eh ***Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure***. T'eh eiyrtyssagh er y fillym bioghit veih'n vlein 1973, *[[Charlotte's Web (fillym 1973)|Charlotte's Web]]*. Hie yn fillym er ny ghientyn liorish Paramount Pictures, Universal Pictures, Universal Cartoon Studios as Nickelodeon, as v'eh skeaylt magh ec Paramount Home Entertainment ayns America Hwoaie as ec Universal Studios Home Entertainment ayns y chooid elley jeh'n Chruinney. Hie yn fillym er ny skeaylley jeeragh er feeshan er 18 Mayrnt 2003, 30 bleeaney lurg e roie-immeeaghtagh ayns 1973.

## Skimmee ghoo
* Julia Duffy myr Charlotte A. Cavatica
* David Berón myr Wilbur
* Charlie Adler myr Templeton
* Amanda Bynes myr Nellie
* Anndi McAfee myr Joy
* Maria Bamford myr Aranea
* Harrison Chad myr Cardigan
* Rob Paulsen myr Farley
* Debi Derryberry myr Fern Arable
* Laraine Newman myr Gwen
* Dawnn Lewis myr Bessie
* Danny Mann myr Conrad Hirsch
* Brenda Vaccaro myr Sally Hirsch
* Jerry Houser myr Mr. Zuckerman
* Valery Pappas myr High Strung Chicken
* Nika Futterman myr Baby Rats
* Bridget Sienna myr Flo
* Bobby Block myr Snotty Lamb
* Ashley Edner myr Bully Lamb
* Pat Fraley myr Donkey
* Frank Welker myr Animals' vocal effects

## Kianglaghyn magh
* 
* 
* 
*
Ennalaghey (sheeanaghtys)

Ayns sheeanaghtys, ta **ennalaghey** çheet er bleaystey aeragh rish fosley ny dooney lhiettalys.  Ta kuse jeu goll er ennalaghey as cha nel fir elley.  T'eh ry-ennaghtyn liorish cur mair roish ny meillyn ayd traa t'ou gra "paag", "spaag" as "baagh". Cur tastey da'n scansh eddyr oc: ta ennalaghey ec y chied 'ockle agh cha nel ec ny fir elley. 

Cha nel corocklyn ennalit ec dagh ooilley çhengey.  Ny keayrtyn, ta *ennalit* as *neuennalit* eddyr-scarrey daa vyn-heean çhengey ennagh.  Ny keayrtyn elley, ta ennalaghey lhiettalys ennagh cowraghey fo-heeanyn myn-heean ennagh ta ry-chlashtyn ayns çhymyllaght er lheh.  
Myr sampleyr, 'sy Thai, ta [pʰ] as [p] nyn myn-heeanyn er lheh, /pʰ/ as /p/.  
* ไป  "goll"
* ภัย  "gaue"
'Sy Ghaelg, ta [pʰ] as [p] nyn vo-heeanyn y vyn-heean cheddin, /p/.  Ta [p] ry-chlashtyn erreish da [s].
* paag  "paag"
* spaag  "spaag"
* *paag 
* *spaag 
Ta Frangish, Ollannish as Latvish sampleyryn dy hengaghyn gyn corocklyn ennalit erbee.

Ta coryssyn screeuee cowraghey y tro shen ny keayrtyn.  Myr sampleyr, ta Bretnish screeu  er son [skɪl] ("schlei") rere  [gast] ("olk") as y daa heean gyn ennalaghey. Er y laue elley, ta Baarle screeu  er son [skɪl] ("schlei"), rere  [kʰɪl] ("marroo"), ga nagh vel ennalaghey ec y chied /k/.

Dys cowraghey ennalaghey 'syn Abbyrlhit Sheeanagh Eddyr-ashoonagh, t'ad screeu "h" harrish,  .  Cha nel ad cowraghey corocklyn gyn ennalaghey son y chooid smoo, agh ta'n scarreydagh  ayn er son y chooish..

## Imraaghyn

## Lhaih neesht
*Cho, T., & Ladefoged, P., "Variations and universals in VOT". In *Fieldwork Studies of Targeted Languages V: UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics* vol. 95. 1997.
Macro-hengey ISO 639

Rere corys rang-oardraghey çhengoayllee ISO 639-3, ta **macro-hengey** ny **macrohengey** çheet er possan dy arraghyssyn er lheh.  Ta macro-hengey goaill stiagh cooishyn do-reaghey continuum abbyrtagh (my nee arraghyssyn scartagh t'ayn, ny çhengaghyn as faggys-vooinjerys eddyr oc), chammah's cooishyn tra sleih er nyannoo briwnyssyn er quoid dy hengaghyn t'ayn rere kynneeaght ny politickaght, cha nel rere çhengoaylleeaght.  

Cha row çhengey er lheh ec dagh coad ISO 639-2 ta ny macro-hengey ayns ISO 639-3.  Myr sampleyr, 'ara' (Arabish).  Va aarheynnyn fir elley ayns 639-2 myr çhengaghyn er lheh: myr sampleyr, va 'nor' (Norlynnish) ayn myr 'nno' (Nynorsk) as 'nob' (Bokmål).  Rere shen, ny keayrtyn, ta "abbyrtyn" ec 639-2 ta nyn jengaghyn rere 639-3: myr sampleyr, va 'arb' (Arabish Chadjinit) ny abbyrt 'ara' (Arabish) rere 639-2, agh she çhengey t'ayn rere 639-2 as ta 'ara' ny macro-hengey.  Shen ny eab dys reaghey arraghyssyn as scansh çhengoaylleeagh eddyr oc, ga dy nee y çhengey cheddin t'ayn er lesh loayreyderyn, myr sampleyr ayns diglossia.

*Arabish Cheintagh, 639-2 
*Arabish Chadjinit, 639-3 

## Macro-hengaghyn
*macro-hengaghyn gyn coad ISO 639-2: 1 - hbs
*macro-hengaghyn as daa choad ISO 639-2 oc: 4 - fas, msa, sqi, zho
*macro-hengaghyn gyn coad ISO 639-1: 25
*macro-hengaghyn as coad ISO 639-1 oc: 30
*macro-hengaghyn as coadyn ISO 639-1 ec ny aarheynnyn oc: 2
**nor - nn, nb
**hbs - hr, bs, sr

## Rolley macro-hengaghyn
Fys oikoil rere http://www.sil.org/iso639-3.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn çheumooie
*ISO 639-3 Macrolanguage Mappings
*ISO 639-3 Macrolanguage Mappings in MultiTree
Akanish

Ta **Akanish** (**Twi**  ny **Fante**) ny çhengey ghooghyssagh yn Ghaney.  T'ee ry-chlashtyn er fud jiass ny çheerey ec mysh 52% jeh'n phobble.  She çhengey ny h-Akanee as nyn naboonyn t'ayn, mastey çhengaghyn Kwa elley.

Ta tree abbyrtyn cadjinit ayn as cairscreeu nyn hene oc: Asanteish as Akuapemish (t'ad cur **Twi** er y jees oc), as Fanteish.  Ga dy vel ad so-chohoiggal myr caaynt, v'ad do-chohoiggal myr çhengaghyn screeuit.  Ayns 1978, hug er bun y Akan Orthography Committee co-chairscreeu da Akan, as ta ymmyd jeant jeh ayns bun-scoillyn er son çhengaghyn Kwa elley.

## Imraaghyn

## Lioaryn
**The Akan (Twi-Fante) Language: Its Sound Systems and Tonal Structure*. Florence Abena Dolphyne, Ghana Universities Press, Accra, 1988. ISBN 9964-3-0159-6
* J.E. Redden and N. Owusu (1963, 1995). ''Twi Basic Course''. Foreign Service Institute. ISBN 0-7818-0394-2
* Obeng, Samuel Gyasi. (2001). *African anthroponymy: An ethnopragmatic and norphophonological study of personal names in Akan and some African societies*. LINCOM studies in anthropology 08. Muenchen: LINCOM Europa. ISBN 3-89586-431-5.
* F.A. Dolphyne (1996) *A Comprehensive Course in Twi (Asante) for the Non-Twi Learner*. Ghana University Press, Accra. ISBN 9964-3-0245-2.
* William Nketia (2004) *Twi für Ghana:; Wort für Wort.* Reise Know-How Verlag, Bielefeld. ISBN 3-89416-346-1. (Germaanish)

## Kianglaghyn mooie
*
* Entry for Akan at Rosetta Project
* Akan Language Resources
* Journal of West African Languages: Akan
* Kasahorow Akan Dictionary
* Twi Word of the Day and Articles
* Twi Language Resources
* Twi Poem
* Watch Twi Music Videos
* Padjer Baha'i ayns Twi
* Coorse Twi yn USA Foreign Service Institute
Aymarish

She çhengey Aymaragh ny h-Aymaree ee **Aymarish** ().   Ta staydys oikoil eck 'syn yn Volivia as yn Pheroo, as t'ee ry-chlashtyn ayns yn Çhillee as yn Argenteen myrgeddin.  She çhengey ghleiynagh t'ayn, as ta oardagh kione-cass-breear eck.

## Imraaghyn

## Lioaryn a.r.e.

*Núñez, R., & Sweetser, E. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210223235325/https://cogsci.ucsd.edu/~nunez/web/NSaymaraproofs.pdf With the Future Behind Them : Convergent Evidence From Aymara Language and Gesture in the Crosslinguistic Comparison of Spatial Construals of Time.]* Cognitive Science, 30(3), 1-49.
* Gifford, Douglas. *Time Metaphors in Aymara and Quechua*. St. Andrews: University of St. Andrews, 1986.
* Guzmán de Rojas, Iván. *Logical and Linguistic Problems of Social Communication with the Aymara People*. Manuscript report / International Development Research Centre, 66e. [Ottawa]: International Development Research Centre, 1985.
* Hardman, Martha James. *The Aymara Language in Its Social and Cultural Context: A Collection Essays on Aspects of Aymara Language and Culture*. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1981. ISBN 0-8130-0695-3
* Hardman, Martha James, Juana Vásquez, and Juan de Dios Yapita. *Aymara Grammatical Sketch: To Be Used with Aymar Ar Yatiqañataki*. Gainesville, Fla: Aymara Language Materials Project, Dept. of Anthropology, University of Florida, 1971.
*Hardman, Martha James. Primary research materials online as full-text in the University of Florida's Digital Collections, on Dr. Hardman's website, and learning Aymara resources by Dr. Hardman.


## Kianglaghyn magh

*Rolley tasht-fockle Swadesh Aymarish
*https://web.archive.org/web/20110720153212/http://clas.uchicago.edu/language_teaching/aymara.shtml
*www.aymara.org (Baarle, Spaainish, Aymarish)
*The Sounds of the Andean Languages jallooyn, fockley magh as fys er Quechuaish as Aymarish
*Ethnologue er Aymarish
* Kicklipaid Aymarish
*Fockleyr Aymarish - Baarle veih Webster's Online Dictionary - The Rosetta Edition.
*Aymara - Compendio de Estrutura Fonológica y Gramatical, artyn çhengoaylleeagh (Spaainish)
Mahommad

She toshiagh crauee, sheshoil, as politickagh Arabagh chammah as bunneyder yn Islam va **Mahommad** (; &nbsp;570 – 8 Mean Souree 632 CE). Rere yn aaraue Islamagh, she phadeyr v'eh hooar breeaghys jeeoil dy phreaçheil as dy hickyraghey ny h-ynsaghyn un-jeeagh veih Adaue, Abraham, Moses, Yeesey, as veih phadeyryn elley. Çheusthie jeh'n Islam, ta'd credjal dy nee eshyn Seal ny Phadeyryn, as ta'n Quran myrane lesh e ynsaghyn as e chliaghtaghyn jannoo bun y chredjue crauee Islamagh.

Va Mahommad ruggit mysh y vlein 570CE ayns Mecca. She mac lesh Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib as Amina bint Wahb v'eh. Hooar e ayr echey, Abdullah, mac lesh y toshiagh Quraysh eggyssagh Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, baase mysh traa ruggyree Vahommad. Hooar e voir, Amina, baase tra v'eh shey bleeaney d'eash, red daag Mahommad ny hreoghan. V'eh troggit fo laueyn e hennayr, Abd al-Muttalib, as e naim ayroil, Abu Talib. Ayns ny bleeantyn ny s'anmey, hie eh keayrtyn ayns keiltynys ayns ooig slieau enmyssit Hira feie shiartanse d'oieghyn padjeragh. Tra v'eh 40 bleeaney d'eash, mysh y vlein 610CE, ren Mahommad fogrey dy ren Gabriel keayrt er as eh 'syn ooig raad hooar eh e chied ashlish veih Jee. Ayns 613, hoshee Mahommad preaçheil ny h-ashlishyn shen er ard, fockley magh "dy nee Jee un Jee", dy nee slane "viallys" (*[[Yn Islam#Bun-ocklaght|islām]]*) fo Jee (*[[Allah]]*) yn ymmyrkey bea kiart (*[[dīn]]*), as dy row eh ny phadeyr as ny haghtyer lesh Jee, gollrish phadeyryn elley 'syn Islam.

S'goan va eiyrtyssee Vahommad hoshiaght, as haink noidaght veih yl-jeeaghteyryn ass Mecca feie 13 bleeaney. As eh geearee shaghney yn tranlaase, chur eh shiartanse jeh ny h-eiyrtysee echey dys yn Abysseen ayns 615, roish darree eh as e eiyrtyssee veih Mecca dys Medina (va enmyssit Yathrib ec y traa shen) ny s'anmey ayns 622. Ta'n taghyrt shoh, yn Hijrah, ny hoshiaght jeh'n eaillere Islamagh, ta enmyssit feaillere Hijrah chammah. Tra v'eh ayns Medina, ren Mahommad unnaneyssey ny h-eggyssyn fo Bunraght Medina. Ayns Mee ny Nollick 629, lurg hoght bleeaney dy chahyn anchinjagh lesh eggyssyn Mecca, haggil Mahommad armee er gathered an army of 10,000 noa-chredjaltee Voslymagh as ren eh marçhal er ard-valley Mecca. Va'n varriaght begnagh neustreeuit, as ghow Mahommad yn ard-valley gyn monney guintee. Ayns 632, reggyryn dy veeghyn lurg haink eh er-ash veih Pirgrinid yn Aagail, haink çhingys er as hooar eh baase. Roish laa e vaaish, va'n chooid smoo jeh Lieh-innys yn Arabaght er ny hyndaa dys yn Islam.

Ta ny h-ashlishyn (*[[ayat]]*) hooar Mahommad derrey e vaaish jannoo raneyn y Quran, coontit myr Moslymee myr "Fockle Yee" lettyragh as dy vel y chraueeaght bunnit orroo. Goaill magh y Quran, ta ynsaghyn as cliaghtaghyn Vahommad (*[[sunnah]]*), ta feddynit ayns coontyssyn ym-skeayllit (hadith) as ayns e hene-veashnys (*[[sīrah]]*), freaylt as ymmydit myr bun y leigh Islamagh.

## Noteyn

## Imraaghyn
### Symnaghyn

### Farraneyn-fys

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Domhnach Phádraig

She claghan as teiy-rheynn ayns twoaie meanagh Choontae yn Vee, Nerin, eh **Domhnach Phádraig** (; Yernish son "Doonagh Pherick"). T'eh ny lhie begnagh lieh-vollagh eddyr yn Ooive as Ceanannas er broogh hwoaie An Abhainn Dubh ("yn Awin Doo"). Ta cooid vooar jeh'n teiy-rheynn ny soie ayns Gaeltacht Bhaile Ghib - fer jeh'n daa ard Gaeltacht ayns Coontae yn Vee. Ta bunscoill (Scoil Náisiúnta Ultain Naofa) as keeill Phrotestoonagh 'sy chlaghan. Myrane lhieu, ta tholtanyn dy cheeill henndeeagh v'er troggal son Perick Noo liorish Conall, braar Rí Lóegaire mac Néill, as rhaa henndeeagh lesh kiare carnaneyn caggee ta cruinnaghey mygeayrt-y-mooee.

## Imraaghyn
Bikolish

She macro-hengey ard Bikol ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh ee **Bikolish**.   

## Imraaghyn

### Lioaryn
* Lobel, Jason William, Wilmer Joseph S Tria, and Jose Maria Z Carpio. 2000. *An satuyang tataramon / A study of the Bikol language*. Naga City, Philippines: Lobel & Tria Partnership, Co.: Holy Rosary Minor Seminary.

## Kianglaghyn çheumooie

*Çhyndaa Bikol
Asserbajaanish

She macro-hengey ee **Asserbajaanish** ().  T'ee mastey çhengaghyn Turkagh ny h-Aishey heear yiass , as t'ee goll er loayrt ec ny h-Asserbajaanee.  Ta faggys-mooinjerys eddyr ish as Turkish, Qashqaish as Turkmenish.

## Imraaghyn
Baloçhish

She macro-hengey Eeraanagh Heear Hwoaie ee **Baloçhish** (Baloçhish: ).  She çhengey ny Baloçhee t'ayn, as t'ee ry-chlashtyn ayns yn Valoçhistaan, chammah's yn Phakistaan, yn Eeraan hiar, yn Afghanistaan yiass, yn Turkmenistaan, EAU, Yn Omaan as yn Injey.  T'ee mastey nuy çhengaghyn oikoil ny Pakistaan.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn çheumooie
*Collett, N. A. A grammar, phrase book and vocabulary of Baluchi: (as spoken in the Sultanate of Oman). 2nd ed. [Camberley]: [N.A. Collett], 1986.
*Dames, Mansel Longworth. A sketch of the northern Balochi language, containing a grammar, vocabulary and specimens of the language. Calcutta: Asiatic Society, 1881.
*Dames, Mansel Longworth. A text book of the Balochi language: consisting of miscellaneous stories, legends, poems and Balochi-English vocabulary. Lahore: Printed by the Superintendent, Govt. Print., Punjab, 1922.
*Mumtaz Ahmad. Baluchi glossary: a Baluchi-English glossary: elementary level. Kensington, Md.: Dunwoody Press, 1985.
*iJunoon English to Balochi Dictionary
*Baloçhish ec Ethnologue
*UCLA Language Materials Project: Baluchi - fys er y çhengey as cooishyn sheshoil ta bentyn ree.
*Baloçhish
*EuroBalúči - abbyrlhit, grammeydys as kiaull
*Balochi News - naight 'syn Valoçhish
The Fox and the Hound (noaskeeal)

She noaskeeal voish y vlein 1967 eh ***The Fox and the Hound*** va screeuit liorish y noaskeealagh Americaanagh Daniel P. Mannix as daahit liorish John Schoenherr. Ta'n noaskeeal geiyrt er bea Tod, shynnagh ruy va troggit ec dooinney 'sy chied vlein jeh'n vea echey, as Copper, moddey lieh--choo folley t'ayns shelloo shelgeyr ynnydagh, as yn ennym Master ("Mainshtyr") bronnit er. Erreish da ren Tod cur bun rish baase y choo share ec y vainshtyr, ta'n dooinney as e voddey geiyrt as shelg y shynnagh, fo cooylrey cruinney deiney caghlaaee as bea cadjin Tod as eh shelg bea, shirrey sheshey, as coadey yn thalloo echey. As eh gaarlaghey eh hene roish screeu yn lioar, ren Mannix studeyrys er shynnee, meein as oaldey, keirdeeaghtyn shelg eigsoylagh, as ny bollee ta cooyn shelg shynnee, dy hickyraghey aght rieughagh ny karacteyryn echey.

Ren y noaskeeal cosney yn Dutton Animal Book Award ayns 1967, as, rere shen, hie eh magh er ny hoilshaghey magh er 11 Mean Fouyir jeh'n vlein cheddin liorish E.P. Dutton. She reihys y *[[Reader's Digest]]* Book Club eh ayns 1967 as cosneyder yn Athenaeum Literary Award. Ren cremeyderyn cur ard-voylley da mynphaartyn v'ayn as da aght screeuee Mannix. Chionnee Walt Disney Productions ny kiartyssyn scannane tra ren eh cosney aundyr Dutton, agh ren ad goaill toshiaght rish gientyn y scannane agh ayns 1977. Ga dy row ceaghlaghyn mooarey ayn 'sy scannane nagh row 'sy noaskeeal, hie *[[The Fox and the Hound]]* liorish Disney er ny skeaylley magh ayns theateryn ayns Jerrey Souree 1981 as haink er dy ve feer rahoil.

## Imraaghyn
Monarkaght vunraghtoil

She corys reiltys ard-reeagh ee **reeriaght vunraghtoil** ta soiaghey ard-ree ny chione steat rere cagliaghyn bunraght screeut ny aafillit.  Ta'n corys shoh soiaghey noi ry-hoi jarroo-reeriaght gyn cagliagh bunraghtoil erbee er pooar yn ard-ree.

Dy cadjin, ta parlamaid ec reeriaght vunraghtoil as pooar reiragh echey son y chooid smoo.  Ta pooaryn yn ard-ree croghey er y vunraght t'ayn.  Ny keayrtyn, ta currymyn jesh-chliaghtagh ec yn ard-ree; ny keayrtyn elley, ta pooar gear-ghaue ec yn ard-ree.

Ny keayrtyn, ta reeriaghtyn bunraghtoil er go-obbraghey marish reiltyssyn Fashishtagh (myr sampleyr, Yn Iddaal Fashishtagh as Yn Spaainey Francoagh) as ard-reillaghtyn caggee.  Ny keayrtyn elley, ta laue scanshoil oc ayns shassoo noi ''coupyn d'état'' ny eabyn reiltyssyn deynlagh y chur fo haart liorish gleashaghtyn cummynagh ny fashistagh (myr sampleyr, *coup* 23-F ny Spaainey, ny *coupyn* 1981 as 1985 ny Çheerey Thai).  Va paart y ree ayns ny cooishyn shen feer scanshoil.

Ta reeriaghtyn vunraghtoil goaill stiagh yn Austrail, ny Bahamaghyn, Barbados, yn Velg, yn Veleesh, yn Vutaan, Bahrain, yn Chamboyd, yn Chanadey, Y Danvarg, Grenada, yn Yamaicey, yn Çhapaan, Jordan, yn Choowait, Liechtenstein, Lesoto, Luxembourg, yn Valaysia, Monaco, yn Varoc, yn Teelan Noa, yn Çheer Injil, Norlynn, Papooey Guinea Noa, Noo Winsen as ny Grenadeenyn, ny h-Ellanyn Holomon, yn Spaainey, yn Toolynn, yn Çheer Thai, Tuvalu,  as y Reeriaght Unnaneysit.

## Imraaghyn
Magnus VI

She ree Norlynn va **Magnus VI Lagabøte** (Shenn Loghlynish: *Magnús lagabœtir*, Gaelg: *Magnus y karreyder leigh*) ny **Magnus Håkonsson** (Shenn Loghlynish: *Magnús Hákonarson*) eddyr 1263 as 1280.

She mac saa lesh Håkon Håkonsson as Margrét Skúladóttir v'ayn. V'eh ruggit ayns Tønsberg er 1 Mee ny Boaldyn 1238, as goll er bashtey. V'eh troggit ayns Bergen. Hooar e vraar Håkon baase ayns 1257, faagail Magnus myr eirey y reeriaght. Er 11 Mean Fouyir 1261, phoose eh ben-phrinse Ingeborg, inneen lesh y Ree Erik Plogpenning y Danvarg marroo. Hooar Ree Håkon baase er 16 Mee ny Nollick 1263 rish caggey noi ree ny h-Albey er ny h-Inshyn Goal, as hie Magnus er crooinaghey ny ree Norlynn.

## Baase
Ayns arrey 1280, haink çhingys er Magnus ayns Bergen as hooar eh baase er 9 Mee ny Boaldyn. V'eh fo e vac Eirik y chrooinaghey myr co-ree rish Mean Souree, agh nish haink Eirik y ve ree ynrican rish 12 vleeaney d'eash. Va feer phooar ec quaiyl choyrlee, goaill stiagh Ingeborg. Ta enney er Magnus myr ree mie ren ymmyd jeh leigh ayns ynnyd niart.  She ree faase v'ayn er lesh kuse dy hennaghyssee er y fa dy ren eh livrey seose ny h-Inshyn Goal as cur sheese rere mianyn ny killagh. Er lesh sleih elley, she polasee creeney v'ayn ren scapail caggaghyn fardailagh as shickyraghey shee ny çheerey. Hie eh er oanluckey ayns agglish vannishter Fransiscagh Vergen, as shen Ard-çhiamble Vergen neayr's y 16oo eash.

## Imraaghyn
Kilomeadar kerrinagh

Ta **kilomeadar kerrinagh** (cowrey: **km<sup>2</sup>**) ny vishan jeh'n unnid towse SI eaghtyr meadar kerrinagh. Ta 1&nbsp;km2 corrym rish:
* 1,000,000 m2
* 100 ha (hectare)
* 0.386302 meeilley kerrinagh
* 247.105381 acyr

Noi shen:
* 1 m2 = 0.000 001 (10−6) km2
* 1 hectare = 0.01 (10−2) km2
* 1 meeilley kerrinagh = 
*1 acre = ,  ny 4047&nbsp;m2

Ta "km2" cowraghey (km)2, "kilo-meadar kerrinagh", cha nel k(m2), "kilo meadar-kerrinagh". Ta 3&nbsp;km2 corrym rish  = 3,000,000&nbsp;m2, cha nel 3,000&nbsp;m2.

## Imraaghyn
*
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (fillym 1996)

She fillym drama kiaullee bioghit Americaanagh veih'n vlein 1996 eh ***The Hunchback of Notre Dame***. Hie yn fillym er ny ghientyn liorish Walt Disney Feature Animation as er ny skeaylley magh liorish Walt Disney Pictures. Y 34oo ard-fillym bioghit Disney as y shiaghtoo fillym va gientit car eash y Disney Renaissance, ta'n fillym bunnit er y noaskeeal voish 1831 as yn ennym cheddin er liorish Victor Hugo. Ta skeeal y fillym geiyrt er Quasimodo, kiaullaneyder croobagh Notre Dame, as e streeuyn son soiaghey jeh'n çheshaght y gheddyn. Va'n fillym stiurit ec Gary Trousdale as Kirk Wise, as ta'n fwirran goo goaill stiagh Tom Hulce, Demi Moore, Tony Jay, Kevin Kline, Paul Kandel, Jason Alexander, Charles Kimbrough, David Ogden Stiers, as Mary Wickes 'sy phaart fillym jerrinagh eck. Hie fillym eiyrtyssagh, *[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame II]]*, er ny skeaylley magh jeeragh er feeshan ayns 2002.

## Skimmee ghoo
* Tom Hulce myr Quasimodo
* Demi Moore myr Esmeralda
* Tony Jay myr Judge Claude Frollo
* Kevin Kline myr Captain Phoebus
* Paul Kandel myr Clopin
* Jason Alexander, Charles Kimbrough, as Mary Wickes myr Hugo, Victor, as Laverne
* David Ogden Stiers myr y Archdeacon

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Meeiley cherrinagh

Ta **meeiley cherrinagh** (cowrey: **mi²**, **mi ker**) ny unnid towse impiroil as SUA er son eaghtyr ta corrym rish kerrin un veeiley.  

Ta meeiley cherrinagh corrym rish:
*4,014,489,600 oarlagh kerrinagh
*27,878,400 trie cherrinagh
*3,097,600 stundayrt kerrinagh
*640 acyr
*258.9988110336 hectare
*2560 rood
*25,899,881,103.36 kentimeadar kerrinagh
*2,589,988.110336 meadar kerrinagh
*2.589988110336 kilomeadar kerrinagh

## Imraaghyn
Conaant Peairt

She conaant shee 1266 eh **Conaant Peairt** hug jerrey er caggaghyn eddyr Magnus VI Reeriaght Norlynn as Alexander III Reeriaght ny h-Albey er kiondeeaght ny h-Inshyn Goal as Vannin.

Roish my daink stiagh ny Wiggynee, va ny n-Inshyn Goal yiass fo reeriaght Ghaelgagh, Dal Roih-'Oddey, as va ny h-Inshyn Goal hwoaie fo stiurey Pictagh. 

Rere *Feniagh-Skeeal Orkneyinga*, tra hie Harald I Norlynn er crooiney mysh 872 BNJ, hie ymmodee noidyn er çhea dys ellanyn ny h-Albey. Ren Harald geiyrt orroo, as goaill stiagh Ellanyn y Twoaie 'sy reeriaght ayns 875 as ny h-Inshyn Goal mysh jeig bleeaney ny s'anmey.  Hie Mannin er goaill ec ny Norlynnee traa ennagh eddyr 877 as 900 BNJ.

Ayns 1098, ghow Magnus III Norlynn barriaght er kione-fir Norlynnagh reeriaghtyn beggey yn Orkaid, ny h-Inshyn Goal as Mannin.  Chossyn eh stiurey reeoil jeeragh er ny h-ellanyn.  Ren Edgar ny h-Albey coardailys marish Magnus as lhiggey voish ny h-ellanyn.

Hie Conaant Pheairt er coardail ayns 1266 tree blein ny lurg Caggey Largs as eiytys neuhickyr echey.  V'eh fo Haakon IV Loghlynn aahoieaghey orroo rish y nah hourey, agh hooar eh baase rish y gheurey.  Va Magnus VI ny eiyrtyssagh echey, as hirr eh er shee liorish y chonaant.

Ta'n conaant goaill rish kiondeeaght ny h-Albey er ny h-ellanyn er son sym-glout dy 4000 margyn as bleeanaght dy 100 margyn.  Chammah's shen, ren Nalbin goit rish kiondeeaght Norlynn er Shetlynn as yn Orkaid.

## Teks y chonaant

## Noteyn


## Imraaghyn
Cooish

She feailley eddyr-Ghaelgagh bleinoil ee **Cooish**, ny **yn Chooish**, ta kelloorey dagh red bentyn rish y Ghaelg as cultoor Vannin. T'ee goll er stiurey as reaghey ec y Çheshaght Ghailckagh as t'ee geddyn cooney veih veih Undinys Eiraght Vannin as veih Coonseil Ellynyn Ellan Vannin myrane lesh thieyn dellal ynnydagh. T'ee cur greinneyderyn çhengey, kiaulleyderyn, ard-scoillaryn, as y theay ry cheilley son dy chur yn eiraght Ghaelgagh er oaie. T'ee goll er kelloorey feie shiaghtin as t'ee goaill stiagh cuirraghyn kiaull, keirdlannyn scoill, leaghtyn, as seshoonyn kiaull. Va'n feailley currit er bun ec Phil Gawne fo'n ennym *Feailley Ghaelgagh* ayns ny 1990yn leah.