open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Svislach (Biarezina)

She awin 'sy Velaroosh eh **Svislach** ( ny , *Śvísłač*, , *Svisloch*). T'eh ny chrouw-awin yesh jeh'n awin Biarezina. T'eh 327 km er lhiurid as t'eh goaill toshiaght ayns Yrjid Minsk faggys da mullagh Shapolavy (334 m harrish ardjid ny marrey) 39 km heear hwoaie veih Minsk 'sy valley beg Vekshitsy ayns Ard Minsk. T'eh roie trooid thalloo rea as t'eh çheet ry-cheilley lesh yn awin Biarezina 'sy valley beg Svislach ayns Ard Asipovichy. Er y vollagh gys yn inver echey, ta'n awin roie trooid preeu-valley ny Belaroosh.
Mooir Azov

She mooir 'syn Oarpey Hiar ee **Mooir Azov** ( – *Azovskoye more*;  – *Azovs'ke more*; ). T'ee kianglt liorish Keyllys Kerch (4 km er lheead) rish y Vooir Ghoo da'n jiass as t'ee caglit liorish yn Ookraan vooar-heeragh da'n twoaie, liorish y Roosh da'n shiar, as liorish y Chrimeea da'n sheear. Ta'd ny preeu-awinyn ta roie stiagh 'sy vooir na ny h-awinyn Don as Kuban. Ta'n vooir coontit myr nane jeh ny mooiraghyn s'aaghiuney er y theihll, as cha nel ee agh eddyr 0.9 m as 14 m er diunid. Ta roie beayn goll veih Mooir Azov dys y Vooir Ghoo.

## Kianglaghyn magh
Albrecht Dürer

Va **Albrecht Dürer** (28 Boaldyn 1471 - 6 Averil 1528) ny pheinteyr Germaanagh. Rug eh ayns Nürnberg 'syn Impiraght Romanagh Vannee, 'sy vlein 1471 as hooar eh baase 'sy vlein 1528.

## Jallooyn

Albrecht Dürer 081.jpg |*Johannes Kleberger* (1526)
Albrecht Dürer - Emperor Charlemagne.jpg |*Charlemagne* (1512)
Albrecht Dürer - Portrait of Maximilian I - Google Art Project.jpg |*Maximilan I*  (1519)
Mooir Bering

She mooir 'sy Cheayn Sheealtagh hwoaie ee **Mooir Bering** (;  – *Beringovo more*). T'ee scarrit veih Lhoob Alaska liorish Lieh-innys Alaska. T'ee coodaghey ny smoo na daa villioon dy chilomeadaryn jeh'n Cheayn Sheealtagh. T'ee caglit liorish Alaska (ny Steatyn Unnaneysit) da'n shiar as da'n shiar hwoaie, liorish Keyllys Bering da'n twoaie, liorish Lieh-innys Kamchatka as y Çhibbeyr (y Roosh) da'n sheear, as liorish Lieh-innys Alaska as ny h-Ellanyn Aleutagh da'n jiass. Ta Keyllys Bering scarrey'n vooir veih'n Cheayn Arctagh. Ta ennym y lhuingysseyr Vitus Bering currit er y vooir er-yn-oyr dy row eh ny chied Oarpagh ren ronsaghey yn vooir, as eh shiauylley veih'n Cheayn Sheealtagh dys y Cheayn Arctagh 'sy vlein 1728.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Emshyraght as Corys Eggoayllyssagh Vooir Bering veih NOAA
Mooir Weddell

Ta **Mooir Weddell** ny mooir ayns Keayn y Jiass. T'ee caglit liorish Thalloo Coats as Lieh-innys yn Antarctagh da'n sheear as da'n jiass, as liorish Keayn y Jiass da'n twoaie. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n vooir 'sy jiass, gys Ellan Elefant, coodit liorish rio beayn - Skelloo Rio Filchner-Ronne. Ta'n vooir ny soie ayns thallooyn aggyrtagh Antarctagh ny h-Argenteen (Yn Antarctagh Argenteenagh) as y Reeriaght Unnaneysit (Thalloo Antarctagh Goaldagh) as ta cooid jeh'n vooir ny soie ayns thallooyn aggyrtagh ny Shillee (Thalloo Antarctagh ny Shillee). Ec y voayl s'lhea, ta'n vooir 2,000 km er lheead as t'ee coodaghey 2.9 millioon km².

Ta ennym y lhuingysseyr Goaldagh James Weddell currit er y vooir er-yn-oyr dy ren eh foshley yn vooir 'sy vlein 1823.

## Kianglaghyn magh
Billey ny bea

Ta **billey ny bea** çheet er fuygh ta feddynit ass shiartanse dy viljyn 'sy ghenus *[[Guaiacum]]* as fuygh feer lajer as creoi oc (**fuygh ny bea**).  Son y chooid smoo, t'eh çheet er Guaiacum officinale ny Guaiacum sanctum.
Mooir yn Amlee

She ard ayns mean y Cheayn Sheear Hwoaie ta cruinnit liorish strooghyn marrey ee **Mooir yn Amlee**. Ta'n ard caglit liorish Stroo yn Eearvooir da'n sheear, liorish Stroo yn Eearvooir Hwoaie da'n twoaie, liorish y Stroo Canaaragh da'n shiar, as liorish Stroo Meanchiarkylagh yn Eearvooir Hwoaie da'n jiass. Ta'n corys dy strooghyn shen jannoo seose **[[Cassey marrey|Cassey]] Fo-hropickagh yn Eearvooir**.

Ta Mooir yn Amlee mygeayrt 1,100 km er lheead as 3,200 km er lhiurid, as t'ee sheeyney veih 70 keimyn sheear gys 40 keimyn sheear as veih 25 keimyn twoaie gys 35 keimyn twoaie. Ta ny Bermioodee soit er gerrey da oirryn heear ny marrey.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* Sargasso Sea Alliance
Billey ny coyin

She crouw yn-lhoamey eh **billey ny coyin** (***Cornus sanguinea***).  T'eh dooghyssagh da'n Oarpey as as yn Aishey heear.

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
She crouw veanagh t'ayn, wheesh as 6m er yrjid, as roost dorraghey dhone-glass echey.  Ta duillagyn piyral oochrooagh dys dronuillinag echey as oirr rea oc.  T'ad 4-8cm er lhiurid as 2-4cm er lheead.  T'ad glass (ny s'glassey er y çheu heese) as ta reneigyn beggey creoi orroo.  Ta Ta blaaghyn beggey baney echey, mysh 5-10mm er crantessen as kiare petyllyn oc.  T'ad goll er pollnaghey ec beisteigyn.  She berrishyn dooey ad ny messyn echey, mysh 5-8mm er crantessen as un rass ayndaue..

## Imraaghyn
Purt Aer Dong Hoi

Ta **Purt Aer Dong Hoi** (IATA: **VDH**, ICAO: **VVDH**), ny **Purt Aer Đồng Hới**, ny purt aeragh ayns commyoon Loc Ninh, 6 km çheu hwoaie veih Dong Hoi, preeu-valley queiggey Quang Binh, y Vietnam. Ta shirveishyn skedjallit ec y phurt aer dys y Hanoi as Caayr Ho Chi Minh.

## Imraaghyn
Yn Vooir Charibagh

Ta'n **Vooir Charibagh** ny mooir jeh'n Cheayn Sheear ta ny soie ayns grianchryss ny Lieh-chruinney Heear. T'ee cadlit liorish Meksico as America Veanagh da'n sheear, liorish ny h-Antillaghyn Mooarey da'n twoaie, liorish ny h-Antillaghyn Beggey da'n shiar, as liorish y Veneswaaley as y Cholombey da'n jiass. Ta'n ennym co-hellooderagh **[[Carib]]** currit er slane eaghtyr y Vooir Charibagh, myrane lesh ellanyn beggey ny h-Injyn Sheear as ny cooseyn ry laue. Ta'n Vooir Charibagh coontit myr nane jeh ny mooiraghyn sailjey smoo er y theihll as t'ee ny smoo na 2,750,000 km² er eaghtyr. She Ammyr Cayman eddyr Ellanyn Cayman as y Yamaicey y boayl s'diuney as ee 7,686 m er diunid. T'ee kianglt rish y Cheayn Sheear liorish Limmer Anegada eddyr ny h-Antillaghyn Beggey as Ellanyn ny Moidyn as liorish Limmer Çheu ny Geayee eddyr y Choobey as Haiti. Ta Ammyr Yucatán kianglaghey yn vooir rish Lhoob Veksico.
Purt Aer Tan Son Nhat

Ta **Purt Aer Tan Son Nhat** (IATA: **SGN**, ICAO: **VVTS**), ny **Purt Aer Tân Sơn Nhất**, ny purt aeragh ayns Caayr Ho Chi Minh, y Vietnam.

## Imraaghyn
Yn Vooir Ghoo

Ta'n **Vooir Ghoo** (, , , , , , , ) ny mooir antraieagh ta caglit liorish yn Oarpey, yn Aishey Veg as Ard ny Coagaash. T'ee kianglt rish y Cheayn Sheear liorish y Veanvooir, y Vooir Aejeeanagh as shiartanse dy cheyllyssyn. Ta'n Bospherus ny chiangley eddyr ee as Mooir Marmara, as ta ny Dardanellyn nyn giangley eddyr Mooir Marmara as y Vooir Aejeeanagh. Ta ny h-ushtaghyn shen scarrey yn Oarpey veih'n Aishey. Myrane lesh shen, ta'n Vooir Ghoo kianglt rish Mooir Azov liorish Keyllys Kerch.

Ta'n Vooir Ghoo 436,400 km2 (gyn Mooir Azov) as t'ee 2,206 m er diunid ec y voayl s'diuney. Ta'n vooir ny soie eddyr y Vulgeyr, y Romaan, yn Ookraan, y Roosh, y Çhorshey, as y Turkee.

## Kianglaghyn magh

* Jallooyn jeh coose y Vooir Ghoo cur liorish lieh-innys y Chrimeea
Far-skeealaght atçhim

She shaanrey dy far-skeealaght ee **far-skeealaght atçhim**. T'ee currit da cur aggle er y lhaihder. Ta shenn vun ec y ghenre, as ta laue mooar eck ayns beeal-arrish. Ta kuse dy 'ar-skeealyn scoaghagh bentyn rish reddyn neughooghyssagh as feayn-skeealleydagh, myr sampleyr, scaanyn, buitçhyn, shee ny sooderyn-folley. Ta fir elley bentyn rish aggleyn rieaughagh as shicklaaghagh, myr sampleyr, marrooderyn straihagh, keoieid ny beiyn gaueagh. Ayns lettyraght Heear, hug Horace Walpole y shaanrey er bun liorish y lioar Castle of Otranto (1765).

## Imraaghyn
Yn Vooir Chaspagh

Ta'n **Vooir Chaspagh** (, , , , ) ny corpane ushtey smoo er y theihll rere eaghtyr, as t'ee coontit myr y logh smoo er y theihll ny myr mooir hene. Ta'n logh 371,000 km2 er eaghtyr (gyn Garabogazköl Aylagy) as t'ee 78,200 km3 er thummid. T'ee ny meilley endorheiagh (gyn soo magh faagail magh gaalaghey) as t'ee caglit liorish yn Eeraan da'n jiass, liorish yn Asserbajaan as y Roosh da'n sheear, liorish y Chassaghstaan da'n twoaie as da'n shiar hwoaie, as liorish y Turkmenistaan da'n shiar as da'n shiar yiass.

Chred ny shenn-chummaltee dy row yn Vooir Chaspagh ny keayn, er-yn-oyr dy vel ee ny chorpane ushtey sailjey as er oyr y vooadys eck. Ta sailjys 1.2% eck, un trass sailjys ny faarkaghyn.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

* 
* Enmyn y Vooir Chaspagh
* Ard y Vooir Chaspagh
Far-skeealaght heanse

She genre dy 'ar-skeealaght ee **far-skeealaght heanse**. T'ee bentyn rish eiyrtyssyn sheanse firrinagh ny sheiltynagh er sleih as sheshaghtyn. T'ee ronsaghey jargaghtyn as rieughid sheinyssagh. Dy mennick, ta seillyn far-skeealaght sheanse noi rieughid er fys, agh ta screeudeyryn cur bun oaylleeaght sheiltynagh orroo dys smaghtaghey meechredjue. Ta lheid ny binn goaill stiagh:
* Skeeal soit 'sy traa ry-heet, ayns shennaghys maylartagh, ny ayns traa shaghey shennaghyssagh ta shassoo noi nheeghyn shennaghys ny shenndaaleeagh er fys.
* Skeeal soit 'syn 'eaynid mooar, er seihill elley, ny goaill stiagh joarree neuhallooinagh.
* Skeealyn ta goaill stiagh çhaghnoaylleeaght ny reillyn oaylleeagh ta shassoo noi reillyn najooragh er fys.
* Skeealyn jeh sleih feddyn magh ny jannoo ymmyd jeh reillyn oaylleeagh noa (myr sampleyr, troailtys traa, niart sheekagh); çhaghnoaylleeaght noa (myr sampleyr nano-haghnoaylleeaght, troailtys harrish bieauid sollys ny robotyn); ny sheshaghtyn noa (myr sampleyr, dystopia).

## Imraaghyn
Fansee

She shaanrey dy 'ar-skeealaght eh **fansee**, as ta druaightys, shee as troghyn neughooghyssagh elley co-oltyn scanshoil jeh.  Ta ymmodee skeealyn soit er seihill elley raad ta druaightys cadjin.  Ny keayrtyn, t'ad geddyr-scarrey eh veih far-skeealaght heanse er y fa nagh vel fansee cur bun oaylleagh er son ny troghyn quaagh echey, agh ta'n daa ghenre lhie beggan harrish y cheilley.  T'eh lhie harrish feayn-skeaylleydaght myrgeddin.

Ta sampleyryn goaill stiagh *[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]*, *[[Gulliver's Travels]]*, *[[The Lord of the Rings]]*, as *[[Die unendliche Geschichte]]*.

## Imraaghyn
Far-skeealaght whaagh

She fo-ghenre dy 'ar-skeealaght heiltynagh ee **far-skeealaght whaagh**.  Son y chooid smoo, t'eh çheet er skeealyn screeut anmagh 'sy 19oo eash as leah 'sy 20oo eash.  T'ad geddyr-scarrey far-skeealaght whaagh veih far-skeealaght scoaghagh as fansee er y fa nagh row genreyn far-skeealaght sheiltynagh er nyn rang-oardraghey ec y traa shen.  Myr shen, ren skeealyn quaagh covestey troghyn neughooghyssagh, feayn-skealleydagh as oaylleeagh.  Ta screeudeyryn far-skeealaght whaagh mie er enney goaill stiagh H. P. Lovecraft, y Çhiarn Dunsany, Arthur Machen as M. R. James.

## Imraaghyn
Yn Vooir Vuigh

Ta'n **Vooir Vuigh** (, ) ny mooir jeh Mooir Hiar y Çheen‎ - mooir oirragh y Cheayn Sheealtagh. T'ee soit eddyr Yn Çheen vooarheeragh as lieh-innys y Chorea. Ta'n ennym eck çheet ass y gheinnagh ta çheet veih Faasagh Gobi car sterrymyn geinnee, as daah buigh y gheinnee ry-akin er ushtey ny marrey car lhie ny greiney as ta ry-akin as y jeeagheyder goll sheear. 'Sy Chorea Twoaie as 'sy Chorea Yiass, ta'n vooir enmyssit "Y Vooir Heear". Ta'n vaie sthie jeh'n Vooir Vuigh enmyssit Baie Bohai. Ta'n Awin Vuigh as Hai He roie stiagh ayns Baie Bohai.
Keayn y Jiass

Ta **Keayn y Jiass** ny **yn Vooir Antarctagh** ny cheayn ta jannoo seose ushtaghyn jiass Cheayn y Theihll çheu heese jeh 60°S as ta cruinnlaghey yn Antarctagh. T'eh coontit dy mennick myr y chiarroo keayn smoo jeh ny queig rheynnyn mooiragh. Ta'n chryss vooiragh shoh ny h-ynnyd raad ta ushtaghey feayrey veih'n Antarctagh goll lesh y twoaie as mestey lesh ny h-ushtaghyn fo-Antarctagh ny s'çhoe. Ta çheer-oaylleeyn meechoardail er joarey twoaie Cheayn y Jiass, as ta çheer-oaylleeyn ennagh credjal nagh vel ayns ny h-ushtaghyn shoh agh rheynnyn jeh'n Cheayn Sheear, jeh'n Cheayn Sheealtagh, as jeh'n Cheayn Injinagh rish coose yn Antarctagh. Ta çheer-oaylleeyn elley credjal dy vel y Co-chleayney Atlantagh, cryss vooiragh ta leaystey dy h-imbee, scarrey Keayn y Jiass veih ny keaynyn elley, ayns ynnyd y dowan-lheead 60°S.
Yn Vooir Arctagh

Ta'n **Vooir Arctagh** ny **Mooir yn Arctagh** ny keayn ayns ard poullagh yn Arctagh, as t'ee coontit myr y keayn sloo mastey ny queig keaynyn er y theihll. T'ee begnagh cruinnit dy slane liorish yn Oaraishey as America Hwoaie as t'ee coodit liorish rio marrey car y vlein (as begnagh coodit dy slane car y gheurey). Ta sailjys as çhiassid y cheayn anchasley dy h-imbee tra ta'n rio lheie as riojey. T'ee çhemmit liorish y Roosh, Norlynn, yn Eeslynn, Greenlynn, y Chanadey as Alaska (ny Steatyn Unnaneysit) myrane lesh y Cheayn Sheear as y Cheayn Sheealtagh. Ta'n keayn goaill stiagh Baie Baffin, Mooir Barents, Mooir Beaufort, Mooir Chukchi, Mooir ny Shibbeyr Hiar, Mooir Ghreenlynn, Baie Hudson, Keyllys Hudson, Mooir Kara, Mooir Laptev, y Vooir Vane as crouw-ushtaghyn elley. T'ee kianglt rish y Cheayn Sheealtagh liorish Keyllys Bering as rish y Cheayn Sheear liorish Mooir Ghreenlynn as Mooir Labrador.
Edgar Allan Poe

She screeudeyr Americaanagh va **Edgar Allan Poe** (19 Jerrey Geuree 1809 – 7 Jerrey Fouyir 1849).  Ghow eh ayrn 'sy Ghleashaght Romansagh Americaanagh. T'eh mie er fys er son skeealyn folliaght as macabre. V'eh mastey screeudeyryn s'leaie skeeal beg Americaanagh.

V'eh ruggit myr Edgar Poe ayns Boston, Massachusetts er 19 Jerrey Geuree, 1809.  She mac Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins Poe as David Poe, Jr. v'ayn, as y jees oc nyn aghteyryn. Va braar shinney echey, William Henry Leonard Poe, as shuyr saa, Rosalie Poe. Hreig e ayr y ven as paitçhyn echey ayns 1810, as hooar e voir baase blein ny lurg shen liorish gorley shymlee. Hie Poe stiagh ayns thie John Allan, ny hraghtalagh Albinagh ayns Richmond, y Virjeeney dellal ayns cooid chadjin, goaill stiagh tombagey, eaddagh, curnagh, claghyn oaye as sleabyn. V'adsyn myr lught doltee da, as hug ad "Edgar Allan Poe" er, agh cha gholt ad eh rieau dy oikoil. Ren eh studeyryn ec Ollooscoill y Virjeeney rish lieh-vlein agh daag eh er y fa nagh row argid dy liooar echey. Hie eh stiagh 'syn Armee, agh cha daink eh lesh myr oikagh ynseydagh ec West Point, as scarr eh veih ny Allanyn ny lurg shen.  

Va bun imlee echey myr screeudeyr, liorish çhaglym neuennymagh daanyn, *[[Tamerlane and Other Poems]]* (1827), gyn ennym agh "Bostonagh" ennagh. Hug eh tastey da prose ny lurg shen, as dobbree eh er son earishlioaryn lettyraght rish ymmodee bleeantyn. Haink enney er er son yn aght cremeydagh echey. Darree eh mastey caayryn bentyn rish yn obbyr, as adsyn goaill stiagh Baltimore, Philadelphia, as York Noa. Ayns Baltimore ayns 1835, phoos eh ben vooinjerey 13 bleeaney d'eash Virginia Clemm. Ayns Jerrey Geuree 1845 hoilshee eh "The Raven" as haink eh lesh çhelleeragh. Hooar e ven baase liorish gorley shymlee daa vleeaney ny yei. V'eh kiarail cur magh earishlioar, *The Penn*: haink eh dy ve *[[The Stylus]]* agh hooar eh baase roish my daink magh eh. Hooar eh baase er 7 Jerrey Fouyir 1849 rish 40 bleeaney d'eash ayns Baltimore. Cha nel enney ain er y vun, agh ny keayrtyn, t'ad er ny chur da alcoal, yn collyr, druggaghyn, gorley cree, gorley ny moddee, gorley shymlee as binn elley.

Va cummaght mooar ec obbraghyn Poe er lettyraght ny Steatyn Unnaneysit as y theihll, as er magheryn er lheh goaill stiagh tuinney-oaylleeaght as cryptoaylleeaght. Ta Poe as e obbraghyn ry-akin car cultoor cadjin ayns lettyraght, kiaull, filmyn as çhellveeish. Ta kuse jeh ny thieyn v'echey nyn dhieyn tashtee nish.

## Imraaghyn
Keyllys Kerch

Ta **Keyllys Kerch** (, *Kerchenskiy proliv*; , *Kerchens'ka protoka*; ) kianglaghey yn Vooir Ghoo rish Mooir Azov, as t'eh scarrey Lieh-innys Kerch (yn Ookraan) 'sy neear veih Lieh-innys Taman (y Roosh) 'sy niar. Ta'n keyllys eddyr 4.5 km as 15 km er lheead as seose gys 18 m er diunid. She Kerch ny Crimeea y phurt smoo scanshoil as ennym ny purt currit er y cheyllys. Ta Baie Taman ta cruinnit liorish Gob Tuzla 'sy twoaie as Gob Chushka 'sy jiass. She Taman y balley smoo scanshoil er y çheu Rooshagh, raad ta purt goll er troggal ayn.

## Kianglaghyn magh
Mooir y Tasmaan

Ta **Mooir y Tasman** (, ) ny mooir eddyr yn Austrail as y Teelynn Noa. T'ee ny rheynn jeh'n Cheayn Sheealtagh Jiass ta enmyssit ayns onnor y ronseyder Ollanagh Abel Janszoon Tasman, y chied Oarpagh ren feddyn magh y Teelynn Noa as y Tasmaan. Ta'n vooir mysh 2,000 km er lheead as 2,800 km veih'n twoaie gys y jiass.
Ollooscoill Brown

She ollooscoill phreevaadjagh ayns Providence, Ellan Rhode as oltey yn Ivy League ee **Ollooscoill Brown** (). V'ee currit er bun ayns 1764 (roish seyrsnys America veih'n Impiraght Ghoaldagh) myr *College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations* leah ayns reill Shorys III ny Bretyn Mooar as Nerin (1760–1820). She treeoo undinys ynsee shinney Hostyn Noa t'ayn, as y shiaghtoo shinney ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit.

## Imraaghyn
Yn Vooir Vane

Ta'n **Vooir Vane** (, *Beloye more*; ) ny gullad jeh Mooir Barents er coose heear hwoaie ny Roosh. T'ee cruinnit liorish Karelia da'n sheear, lieh-innys Kola da'n twoaie, as lieh-innys Kanin da'n shiar. Ta'n phurt vooar Balley'n Ard Ainle ny soie er y vooir. Ta kiare baieyn ny lhoobyn er y vooir: Lhoob Kandalaksha 'sy neear, Baie Onega 'sy jiass, Baie Dvina 'sy niar yiass (raad ta Balley'n Ard Ainle ny hoie), as Baie Mezen noi lieh-innys Kola.

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
*
Gorley shymlee

She gorley gowaltagh cadjin as gaueagh eh **gorley shymlee**. She bacteyryn 'sy chynney Mycobacterium bun yn asslaynt, as *[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]* ayns deiney son y chooid smoo. T'eh soiaghey er ny scowanyn dy cadjin, agh foddee eh jeeylley organeyn elley. T'eh skeaylley trooid yn aer liorish creddal, streighyraght as ceau shelley. Son y chooid smoo, ta doghan follit ec deiney surransagh, agh ta mysh fer 'sy jeig caghlaa dys gorley breeoil.

Ta cowraghyn cadjin goaill stiagh creddal beayn as shelley folley, çhiassaghey, ro-chur magh ollish 'syn oie, as coayl trimmid. Ta soiaghey er organeyn elley cur cowraghey elley orroo. Ta faaishnys-enn croghey er radio-oaylleeaght (caslys scell-X cleeau dy cadjin), prowal Mantoux, prowal folley as scrutaghey as aase mynvioee ass ushlaghtyn callinagh.

## Imraaghyn
Kronstadt

Ta **Kronstadt** (, Germaanish son "Ard-valley ny Crooin") ny phurt as ny valley er Ellan Kotlin, 30 km sheear veih Caayr Pheddyr, y Roosh, faggys da bun Lhoob Finnlynn. Ta'n balley fo reirey ec ard-valley conastagh Chaayr Pheddyr. Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2002 va 42,800 cummaltee 'sy valley. Ta'n clyst as y balley 19.35 km2 er eaghtyr.

Ta Ellan Kotlin kianglt liorish stangey rish brooinyn hwoaie as yiass y Lhoob. Ta bayr gleashtanagh ny lhie er y stangey as ta'n bayr shoh kiangley Kronstadt lesh Caayr Pheddyr er y daa heu. Ta'n bayr gleashtanagh shen, ta enmyssit KAD (Кольцевая Автодорога ny Bayr Gleashtanagh Fainey), kiangley Kronstadt rish Slyst Kurortny da'n twoaie as rish Bronka liorish thiollane fo-vooiragh da'n jiass. Chammah lesh shen t'eh kianglt rish Lomonosov da'n jiass liorish baatey assaig.
Lomonosov, y Roosh

Ta **Lomonosov** (; roish 1948: **Oranienbaum**, Ораниенба́ум) ny valley fo reirey Chaayr Pheddyr 'sy Roosh. T'eh ny hoie er coose jiass Lhoob Finnlynn 40 km sheear veih Caayr Pheddyr hene. Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2002 ta 37,776 cummaltee 'sy valley. T'eh ny valley da pairk as plaase jeh'n 18-oo eash (jeeagh er Oranienbaum). Ayns cosoylaght rish ny plaaseyn elley mygeayrt Chaayr Pheddyr, cha row y phlaase shoh goit ec ny Natseeyn car y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh. Hooar y balley staydys baljagh 'sy vlein 1710.

## Mooinjerys eddyrashoonagh
Ta mooinjerys lannoonagh ec Lomonosov rish ny baljyn shoh:
*  Mariehamn, Åland
*  Framingham, Massachusetts, SUA
*  Anacortes, Washington, SUA
*  Oberursel (Taunus), Hessen, Y Ghermaan

## Kianglaghyn magh

*Skeealyn as jallooyn phlaase Lomonosov
Yn Keayn Injinagh

Ta'n **Keayn Injinagh** (, , , , , ) ny trass rheynn vooiragh smoo er y theihll as eh coodaghey mysh 20% jeh'n ushtey er eaghtyr ny Cruinney. T'ee caglit liorish fo-vooar-rheynn ny h-Injey da'n twoaie, liorish yn Affrick Hiar da'n sheear, liorish yn Injey-Sheen, Ellanyn Sunda, as yn Austrail da'n shiar, as liorish Keayn y Jiass da'n jiass (ny rere keeal liorish yn Antarctagh). Ta'n keayn begnagh 10,000 km er lhead ec y voayl s'lhea ec bir yiass ny h-Affrick as ny h-Austrail. T'eh 73,556,000 km2 er eaghtyr as 292,131,000 km3 er thummid, goaill stiagh y Vooir Ruy as Giau Vooar ny Pershey. Ta ellanyn beggey ry-gheddyn rish ny h-oirryn mooarheeragh, goaill stiagh Madagascar, y chiarroo ellan smoo er y theihll, Ellan Réunion, ny h-Ellanyn Chomoro, ny h-Ellanyn Heshell, ny Maldeevaghyn, Ellan Wirrish as Sri Lanka. Ta ellanragh ny h-Indoneesh ny hoie er oirr hiar y cheayn.
Sestroretsk

Ta **Sestroretsk** (, , ) ny valley ayns Slyst Kurortny, Caayr Pheddyr, y Roosh. Ta'n balley soit er coose hwoaie Lhoob Finnlynn as er brooinyn Awin Sestra 34 km veih çheshvean Chaayr Pheddyr. Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2002 va 40,287 cummaltee 'sy valley.

## Kianglaghyn magh

*Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Sestroretsk
Prunus domestica

She dooie dy phlumbis eh ***Prunus domestica*** (ny keayrtyn, ***Prunus × domestica***).  Ta ymmodee arraghyssyn echey.  

Ta ymmodee fo-ghooieyn echey: 
* *P. domestica* ssp. *domestica* &ndash; plumbissyn cadjin
* *P. domestica* ssp. *institia* &ndash; airnagyn as airnyn
* *P. domestica* ssp. *intermedia*
* *P. domestica* ssp. *italica* &ndash; plumbissyn runtey, goaill stiagh plumbissyn glassey
* *P. domestica* ssp. *oeconomica*
* *P. domestica* ssp. *pomariorum*
* *P. domestica* ssp. *prisca*
* *P. domestica* ssp. *syriaca*

T'ad geddyn sliught rish y cheilley  dy aashagh, as myr shen ta eddyr-chummaghyn ry-akin.  Ta blaaghyn baney oc, as t'ad jiargagh ny keayrtyn.

## Imraaghyn

*European Garden Flora; vol. IV; 1995.
Peter Paul Rubens

Va **Peter Paul Rubens** (28 Mean Souree 1577 &ndash; 30 Boaldyn 1640) ny pheinteyr Flandrynagh. Rug eh ayns Siegen, y Rhine Hwoaie-Westfalen, ayns 1577 as hooar eh baase 'sy vlein 1640.

## Jallooyn

Rubens, Peter Paul - Flight into Egypt - 1614.jpg|*Y Scapail dys yn Egypt* (1614)
Pope-peter pprubens.jpg|*Noo Peddyr*  
Peter Paul Rubens 160.jpg| *Y Keayney* (1614)
CLG Chontae na Mí

She nane jeh'n 32 voayrd coontae jeh CLG ayns Nerin eh **Boayrd Commyn Roortaghys Gaelgagh Choontae yn Vee** (,  ny ). Ta'n boayrd freggyrtagh er son cloiaghyn Gaelgagh ayns Coontae yn Vee, myrane lesh ny fwirranyn eddyr-choontae.

## Onnoryn
***[[Craobh Shinsear Peile na hÉireann]]:** 7
**1949 1954 1967 1987 1988 1996 1999
***[[Craobh Shóisir Peile na hÉireann]]:** 4
**1947 1952 1962 1988 2003
***[[Craobh Mhionúr Peile na hÉireann]]:** 3
**1957 1990 and 1992
***[[Craobh Faoi-21 Peile na hÉireann]]:** 1
**1993
***[[Craobh Shinsear Peile na hÉireann]] - Nah ynnyd:** 9
**1895 1939 1951 1952 1966 1970 1990 1991 2001
***[[Craobh Shinsear Peile Laighean]]:** 21
**1895 1939 1940 1947 1949 1951 1952 1954 1964 1966 1967 1970 1986 1987 1988 1990 1991 1996 1999 2001 2010
***[[Craobh Shóisir Peile Laighean]]:** 16
**1947 1952 1958 1962 1964 1986 1988 1990 1991 1995 1996 1997 1999 2003 2005 2006
***[[Craobh Mhionúr Peile Laighean]]:** 10
**1957 1972 1977 1980 1985 1990 1992 1993 2006 2008
***[[Craobh Faoi-21 Peile Laighean]]:** 8
**1985 1989 1990 1991 1993 1996 1997 2001
***[[Sraithchomórtas Peile na hÉireann]]:** 7
**1933 1946 1951 1975 1988 1990 1994
***[[Corn Uí Bhroin]]:** 8
**1967 1974 1977 1983 1992 2001 2004 2006**
***[[Corn na Céad Bliana]]** (Cohirrey un-cheayrt)
**1984**
Plumbis glass

She lus eh **plumbis glass** (***Prunus domestica italica***) 'sy chynney *[[Prunus]]*.  Ta faggys-mooinjerys eddyr echey as *[[Plumbis|plumbissyn]]*.  T'eh cur magh droopyn runtey buighey-ghlassey yn-ee.   

## Imraaghyn
Apag

She far-ghooinney ennagh mastey ny apagyn ny Shenn Seihill as apagyn ny Seihill Noa eh **apag**.  Myr shen, ta dagh far-ghooinney ny apag mannagh vel eh ny ape, ny scaanjoon keylley ny ny tarsier.  Ta fys ain er 264 dooieyn er mayrn, as t'ad jannoo magh daa jeh ny tree possanyn dy 'ar-gheiney simeeagh (she apeyn y treeoo phossan).  Ta shin gra dy vel inçhynaght oc, as ta fammanyn oc son y chooid smoo, anchasley rish apeyn.

Ta apagyn ny Seihill Noa er nyn rang-oardraghey 'sy pharva-oardragh Platyrrhini, as ta apagyn ny Shenn Seihill 'syn 'ar-chynney Cercopithecidae 'sy pharva-oardragh Catarrhini, myrane lesh ny apeyn.  Myr shen, she possan paraphylagh t'ayn: cha nod oo jannoo ard-phossan jeu agh liorish faagail magh olteynyn elley ny possanyn t'ad ayndaue.  Ta apagyn ny Shenn Seihill nyn mooinjer ny s'faggys da apeyn na da apagyn ny Seihill Noa.

## Imraaghyn
San Francisco

Ta **Ard-valley as Coontae San Francisco** ny chiarroo ard-valley smoo ayns California as ny 12-h ard-valley smoo ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit lesh 808,977 cummaltee rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2008. Ta San Francisco 121 km2 er eaghtyr as ta 6,700 sleih cummal ayns dagh kilomeadar kerrinagh. Ta 4.3 millioonyn dy chummaltee cummal 'syn ard moirvaljagh, as t'eh ny chree argidoil, cultooragh as arraghey son Ard Baie San Francisco raad ta 7.4 millioonyn dy chummaltee.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Eaddagh oie

Ta **eaddagh oie** çheet er eaddeeyn ta ceaut tra ta'n ceaueyder ny chadley. Ta sorçh yn eaddee anchasley lesh ny h-imbeeyn lesh sorçhyn ny s'çhoe er nyn geau ayns coryn feayrey. Ta sorçhyn as fassanyn elley reiht er son y yeearreeaght reayrtagh ny an-ghraagh.

Ta sorçhyn d'eaddeeyn goaill stiagh:
* Bonnad oie
* Coodagh cadlee
* Cullee chadlee
* Gooyn eddrym
* Gooyn oie
* Lheiney oie
* Lheiney ven
* Peignoir
Coodagh king

Ta **coodagh king** ny **eaddagh king** çheet er sorçh ennagh d'eaddeeyn ta ceaut er y chione. Ta coodee ching ceaut dys y kione dy choadey veih'n emshir (fliaghey, sniaghtey, feayrid, çhiassid, a.r.e.), dys y folt dy freayll cumiragh, er son cooishyn fassanagh ny jesheenagh, son cooishyn craueeaght, as son cooishyn elley.

Ta coodee ching goaill stiagh ny coodee shoh heese mastey coodee elley:
* Edd
* Capeen
* Bayrn
* Turban
* Sombrero
* Bayrn bussallagh
Caayr Ho Chi Minh

Ta **Caayr Ho Chi Minh** (Vietnamish: *Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh*) ny valley smoo 'sy Vietnam. Ta ny smoo na 7.1 millioonyn dy chummaltee ayn. Ta Purt Aer Tan Son Nhat (IATA: SGN, ICAO: VVTS) soit 'syn ard-valley.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*
Clag (traa)

Ta **clag** çheet er jeshaght ta ymmydit dy hoilshaghey magh, dy howse, dy 'reayll, as dy cho-oardaghey yn traa. Ta'n fockle *clag* çheet magh ass ny focklyn Celtish *clagan* as *clocca* as ad çheet er "clag", "clageen", ny "kiaullane". Ta oor-oaylleeyn as sur-oaylleeyn elley goaill ymmyd jeh'n fockle *clag* 'sy cheeal shoh dy chur sheese er greie lesh jeshaght woallee dy fogrey magh eddyrcheimyn traa dy sheeanoil lesh claggintys, clingaghey, ny bwoalley gong. Ta'n fockle **[[ooreyder]]** currit er greieyn traa elley ta ceaut er y laue. 'Sy ghlare chadjin, ansherbee, ta'n fockle *clag* ymmydit dy chur sheese er greie erbee ta soilshaghey magh cre'n oor t'eh.
Clag

Ta ymmodee keeallyn ec **clag**.  Foddee eh çheet er:

* Clag, greie ta ymmydit son dy howse as dy hoilshaghey magh oor y laa.
* Clag, greie sheeinoil ta ymmydit dy fogrey magh oor y laa er yn oor 'sy cheeill, dy fogrey magh jerrey yn laa scoil ny obbree, ny ta ymmydit 'sy chiaull.
* Clageen, greie sheeinoil beg ta ymmydit er dorryssyn ny ta bwoaillt 'sy laue.
Clag (greie sheeanoil)

Ta **clag** çheet er greie sheeanoil aashagh. Ta'n clag ny ghreie bwoallee. Dy mennick ta cluig nyn ghreieyn lesh cummey cappan follym as eh aavuilley traa t'eh bwoaillit. Foddee dy vel y greie bwoallee ny chroghag ta croghit çheusthie jeh'n chlag as eh enmyssit *oabbyr*, ny foddee dy vel y greie bwoallee ny woaillteen er lheh. Ta'n fockle *clag* çheet magh ass y fockle Celtish *clagan* ny *clocca* as y cheeal cheddin echey.

Ta cluig jeant ass meain dy mennick, agh foddee dy vel cluig veggey dy ve jeant ass crayee ny glonney. Ta cluig ry-gheddyn ayns dagh mooadys: veih cluig veggey son jesheenaghey dys cluig vooarey lheid as ad ta ry-akin ayns kialteenyn ta shiartanse dy hunnaghyn er thummid. She claggintys yn ennym ta currit er studeyrys cluig.
Ny Bermioodee

Ta **ny Bermioodee** (), ny **Ellanyn Somers** () keayrtyn, nyn Dhallooyn harrish Mooir Goaldagh 'sy Cheayn Sheear. T'ad nyn soie magh veih coose hiar ny Steatyn Unnaneysit as she Cape Hatteras ayns Carolina Hwoaie y thalloo s'girrey da ny h-ellanyn, ga nagh vel y boayl shen ny hoie agh 1,030 kilomeadaryn sheear sheear hwoaie veih ny h-ellanyn. T'ad soit 1,373 km yiass veih Halifax, Nalbin Noa, y Chanadey, as 1,770 km shiar hwoaie veih Miami, Florida. She Hamilton y preeu-valley.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh

*  Reiltys ny Bermioodee
* Turrysid ny Bermioodee
* Stiurag da ny Bermioodee
* Parlamaid ny Bermioodee
Çheer

Ayns çheer-oaylleeaght, ta **çheer** çheet er ard çheer-oaylleeagh. Dy mennick ta'n enmys shen currit er rheynn pholitickagh ny er thalloo steat kionedeeagh, ny er rheynn ny er eear-rheynn pholitickagh ny sloo jeh ard çheer-oaylleeagh. Dy mennick ta'n enmys coontit myr unnane as steat, ashoon ny reiltys, agh foddee dy vel eh çheet er ard neu-valjagh ta fo biljyn ny magheryn, a.m.s.

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Çheu çheerey
* Rolley çheeraghyn y theihll
Arrane ashoonagh

Ta **arrane ashoonagh**, **hymn ashoonagh**, ny **anthym ashoonagh** çheet er cummey kiaullee çheer-ghraihagh ta kelloorey as tayrn magh shennaghys, tradishoonyn as doccar seyraanee ny çheerey, as t'er enney ec reiltys yn ashoon myr yn arrane ashoonagh oikoil, ny t'er enney rere coardail ny seyraanee.

## Jeeagh er neesht
* Rolley arraneyn ashoonagh
509-500 RC

## Taghyrtyn
* 509 RC - 27 RC - yn eash phobblaghtagh 'sy Raue. Va'n chied daa chonsyl reiht.
* 500 RC - Earroo pobble y theihll: 100,000,000
Kiaull Vannin

Ta **kiaull Vannin** ny cur sheese er begnagh dagh sorçh dy chiaull t'ayn jiu ayns Mannin. Ta Mannin coontit myr nane jeh ny Çheeraghyn Celtiagh, gollrish Nerin, Nalbin, Bretyn, y Chorn, as y Vritaan, as myr shen, ta blass Celtiagh er chooid vooar jeh'n chiaull çheerey ta ry-chlashtyn er yn ellan, agh ta cleanaghyn Loghlynagh as Sostynagh ry-chlashtyn 'sy chiaull chammah. Agh ta'n chiaull ayns Mannin goaill stiagh sorçhyn elley dy chiaull lheid as craa-chiaull, pop-chiaull, as snag-chiaull. Hie kiaull hradishoonagh Vannin magh ass foayr ayns ny 19oo eash yeianagh gys ny 1970yn, tra haghyr aavioghey 'sy chiaull hradishoonagh liorish feailley kiaullee enmyssit *[[Yn Chruinnaght]]* ayns Rhumsaa.

Ta kiaulleyderyn ard-ghooagh jeh'n aavioghey Manninagh goaill stiagh lheid as King Chiaullee, Skeeal, The Mannin Folk, Mactullagh Vannin, Moot as shiartanse dy vannyn elley. Ta Undinys Eiraght Vannin kiarail ynnyd Myspace meanagh da kiaull as da daunse Vannin, as kianglaghyn gys kiaulleyderyn elley ayn. Ta ellyneyryn elley t'er ghientyn JCyn goaill stiagh Emma Christian (goo, cruitçh as feddan millish) as y cruitçheragh Charles Guard, reireyder ayns Undinys Eiraght Vannin.

## Imraaghyn

## Kianglaghyn magh
* Manx Heritage Foundation Music Database 
* Ynnyd-eggey Myspace fo churrym UEV 
* Manx Bands Forum
King Chiaullee

Ta **King Chiaullee** ny vann kiaullee veih Mannin. Hie yn bann ry-cheilley 'sy scoill 'sy vlein 1994, as veih'n traa shen, ren y bann cloie ayns ram feaillaghyn kiaullee er feie'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit, yn Oarpey, as ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit.

Ta queig olteynyn 'sy vann:
* Adam Rhodes (fiddyl as bouzouki)
* David Kilgallon (fiddyl)
* Russel Cowin (bodhrán as biol injil)
* Gilno Carswell (feddan)
* Matthew Kelly (gitar as mandalyn)

Ta King Chiaullee mestey kiaull hradishoonagh ass Mannin, Nalbin as Nerin marish arraneyn bunneydagh ta screeuit ec olteynyn y vann, dys mestey jeh chiaull Cheltiagh dy chur magh. Ta tree albymyn skeaylt magh ec y vann: *Baase Cooil Stroo* (2000), *Reel: Ode* (2003), as *Nish!* (2006), as ta ram cohortyssyn jeant oc ayns albymyn elley.

'Sy vlein 2008 ren y bann cloie ayns Feailley Eddyr-cheltiagh An Oriant 'sy Vritaan, as va'n aundyr *Trophée Cidrerie des Terroirs* cosnit ec y vann - y chied ynnyd 'sy chohirrey bann.

## Kianglaghyn mooie
* Ynnyd-eggey oikoil
Skeeal (bann)

She bann kiaullee Manninagh eh **Skeeal**. Ta'n possan cloie arraneyn tradishoonagh as Gaelgagh son y chooid smoo as t'ad jannoo ymmyd jeh feddanyn mooarey, gitaryn as goo, as ny h-arraneyn oc gleashaghey eddyr ny tree çhengaghyn Gaelgagh - Yernish, Gaelg Albinagh, as Gaelg. Ta daa JC skeaylt magh ec y vann - *Long Story* as *Slipway*. Va'n nah JC oc ry-chlashtyn ayns Feailley Eddyr-cheltiagh An Oriant 'sy vlein 2009.

Ta queig olteynyn 'sy vann:
* Sophia Dale (arraneyder toshee)
* Phil Gawne (arraneyder toshee)
* Breesha Maddrell (feddanyn maidjey as cuirtlagh/feddanyn/goo)
* Paul Rogers (gitar as mandalyn)
* Simone Renshaw (feddanyn mooar as alteragh/feddanyn/goo)

## Kianglaghyn mooie
* Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Skeeal er myspace
Catarrhini

She parva-oardagh Phrimates eh **Catarrhini**, fer jeh daa vyn-oardagh Himiiformes.  T'eh goaill stiagh Cercopithecoidea (apagyn ny Shenn Seihill) as Hominoidea (far-chynney ny h-apeyn). 

Ta *catarrhini* (*stroin cheyll*) çheet er ny tuill stronney keylley cour y laare oc.  My ta fammanyn oc, cha nel ad yn-ghreimmee.  Ta formley feeacklagh  oc.

T'ad laaoil.  T'ad daa-vorfagh son y chooid smoo, as cha nel ad piyral.  T'ad cummal ayns possan dy cadjin.  T'ad dooghyssagh da'n Affrick as yn Aishey.

## Imraaghyn
Simiiformes

She myn-oardagh Phrimates eh **Simiiformes**.   Ta'n ronney shoh goaill stiagh ny far-gheiney s'yrjey mie er enney ain: apagyn ny Shenn Seihill as ny Seihill Noa as apeyn.  Son y chooid smoo, t'ad ny smoo na prosimee (ny *far-gheiney s'inshley*).

## Rang-oardraghey

Shoh rolley ny kyneeyn simeeagh t'ayn:
* **OARDAGH [[PRIMATES]]**
** Fo-oardagh Strepsirrhini: prosimee nagh vel nyn darsieryn
** Fo-oardagh Haplorrhini: tarsieryn, apagyn as apeyn
*** Myn-oardagh Tarsiiformes: tarsieryn
*** Myn-oardagh Simiiformes: apagyn as apeyn
**** Parva-oardagh Platyrrhini: apagyn ny Seihill Noa
***** Kynney Callitrichidae: marmaseenyn as tamareenyn  
***** Kynney Cebidae 
***** Kynney Aotidae
***** Kynney Pitheciidae
***** Kynney Atelidae
**** Parva-oardagh Catarrhini: apagyn ny Shenn seihill, apeyn as deiney
***** Far-chynney Cercopithecoidea
****** Kynney Cercopithecidae: apagyn ny Shenn Seihill
***** Far-chynney Hominoidea
****** Kynney Hylobatidae: gibbonyn
****** Kynney Hominidae: ard-apeyn, goaill stiagh deiney

## Jeeagh er
* *[[Simia]]*, rang-oardraghey bunneydagh Linnaeus da ny dooieyn shoh.

## Imraaghyn
Ceboidea

She apag 'sy far-chynney **Ceboidea** eh **apag y Teihill Noa**.  Shoh ny queig kynneeyn dy 'ar-gheiney ta ry-akin ayns America Yiass as America Veanagh.  She far-chynney ynrican er mayrn y pharva-oardagh **Platyrrhini**, as dy cadjin ta "Platyrrhini" çheet er ny h-apagyn shoh.  

## Troyn
Ta apagyn ny Shenn Seihill beg: She Marmaseen Druaie y dooie sloo, 14-16km er lhiurid voish kione dys boyn, mysh 120 dys 190g er trimmid; she *[[Brachyteles arachnoides]]* y dooie smoo, mysh 55-70km er lhiurid, as wheesh as 15kg er trimmid.  T'ad geddyr-scarrey ad veih Cercopithecidae er bun y stroin oc, as tuill stronney lhiasragh echey.  Ta fammanyn yn-ghreimmee oc myrgeddin, anchasley rish fammanyn neughreimmee ny Cercopithecidae.

Cha nel shilley tree-chromaidagh ec Ceboidea firrinagh, er lhimmey jeh agapyn yllagh 'sy ghenus *Alouatta*.  Ta shilley daah ayns Ceboidea croghey er un ghien er y chroymasoom X dys jannoo daahghyn nod freggyragh da sollys tonn veanagh as liauyr.  Ta daahghyn elley freggyragh da sollys tonn ghiare.  Myr shen, ta jargaght scarrey daa-hroagh ec fir as ec mraane homozygous (shilley daa-chroamatagh).  Ta daa allele ny gienntag cheddin ec mraane heterozygous as foddee ad jannoo daahghyn ta freggyragh da daa horçh dy hollys tonn veanagh-liauyr, chammah's sollys tonn yiare.  Myr shen, ta eddyr-scarrey tree-hroagh yn-yannoo oc (shilley tree-chroamatagh).

Ta anchaslys elley ayn bentyn rish ny feeacklyn.  Ta daa 'eeackle lieh-chooylloo yeig ec Ceboidea, cosoylit rish hoght ec Cercopithecidae.  Myr shen, ta formley feeacklagh  oc.  She apagyn 'sy chynney Atelidae ad ny far-gheiney ynrickan as famman yn-ghreimmee oc.  Anchasley rish sleih as apagyn ny Shenn Seihill, cha nel ordaag hoil noi oc er lhimmey jeh Cebidae ennagh..

## Imraaghyn
700

## Taghyrtyn
### Rere boayl
#### Yn Affrick
* Chur Musa bin Nusair yn armee Berberagh 'syn Algear fo haart, as y taartys shen cur jerrey lesh shassoo noi ny h-Arabee ayn.

#### Yn Aishey
* Dirree Mohammad ibn Alashath magh noi Abdul Malik ibn Marwan ayns ardjyn Sistan as ny Balochistaan.

#### America Hwoaie
* Bruightey co-hroggal volcaanagh Slieau Edziza 'sy Cholombey Ghoaldagh, y Chanadey.

#### Yn Oarpey
* Mychione 700: Bunneeaght Scoill Grammar Beverley liorish John Noo Beverley.

### Rere bun-chooish
#### Ellyn
* Crooaght Amida Buddha, fresco 'sy kon-dō, Horyu-ji.

#### Craueeaght
* Ren Adomnán Noo shickyraghey 51 ree Cáin Adomnáin dy ghlackey, as y conaant shen cur sheese y mooinjerys eddyr mraane as saggyrtyn.

## Ruggyryn
* Wasil ibn Ata (m. 748)

## Baaseyn
* Di Renji, Shansyleyr ny Sheen (r. 630)
* Cunincpert, Ree ny Lombardee
* Dōshō, saggyrt ny Shapaan
* Ben-phrinse Asuka ny Shapaan
Hawaiish

Ta **Hawaiish** ny **Hawaii** (Hawaiish: *) ny [[çhengaghyn Austraineeshagh|çhengey Austraineeshagh]] 'sy chynney [[Çhengaghyn Polaneesagh Hiar|Pholaneesagh Hiar]].  T'ee goll er loayrt ayns [[Hawaii]], as t'ee ny çhengey oikoil ayns shen myrane lesh [[Baarle]].

== Grammeydys ==

Ta [[oardagh fockle]] [[Breear-Kione-Cass]] ec Hawaiish, gollrish [[Gaelg]].  She [[çhengey scarreydagh]] t'ayn, as cha nel yn-filley eck.  T'ee jannoo ymmyd jeh [[breneen (grammeydys)|breneenyn]] as oardagh ny focklyn dys soilshaghey y cheeall oc.  Cha nel [[keintys (grammeydys)|keintys]] eck.

:

=== Artyn ===

Ta artyn [[art kinjagh|kinjagh]] as [[art neuhoilshaghey|neushoilshaghey]] ec Hawaiish.  She  ny  eh yn art kinjagh unnaneagh (croghey er toshiaght yn 'ockle ny yei), as  eh yn ard kinjagh yl-rey.  She  eh yn ard neuhoilshaghey.

:*ka puke* (y lioar) noi *nā puke* (ny lioaryn)

:*ke pākaukau* (y boayrd) noi *nā pākaukau* (ny buird)

:*He kanaka maikaʻi ia.* (She peiagh mie eh/ee)

== Sheeanchoryssaghtys ==
=== Breeocklyn ===


=== Corocklyn ===




== Imraaghyn ==




== Kianglaghyn çheumooie ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061203064044/http://ulukau.org/english.php Ulukau - the Hawaiian electronic library], lioarlan Hawaiish, goaill stiagh fockleyr Hawaiish-Baarle-Hawaiish
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080516201741/http://www.olelo.hawaii.edu/dual/orgs/keelikolani/ Ka Haka ʻUla O Keʻelikōlani, College of Hawaiian Language]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100527103237/http://ksdl.ksbe.edu/kulaiwi/ Kulaiwi]&nbsp;— Ynsee Hawaiish er yn eddyrvoggyl
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111114075800/http://www.hawaiian.saivus.org/ Hawaiian.saivus.org]&nbsp;— Fockley magh Hawaiish
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070810123136/http://valesne.homestead.com/untitled4.html Hawaiish as Indoneesish dys Shapaanish]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160124232335/http://www.traditionalhawaiian.com/ Traditional and Neo Hawaiian: The Emergence of a New Form of Hawaiian Language as a Result of Hawaiian Language Regeneration] - art er aavioghey ny Hawaiish
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100531191931/http://www.mauimagazine.net/Maui-Magazine/May-June-2008/Hale-Pai/ "Hale Pa'i"] Art er pabyryn-naight Hawaiish er nyn soilshaghey magh ec [[Lahainaluna]] er [[Maui]]. *Maui No Ka 'Oi Magazine'' Ym-L. 12 Ear.3 (Mee Boaldyn 2008).
* A Hawaiian Glossary - Fockleyr beg ny Hawaiish
* How to Pronounce "Hawai'i", - Fockley magh "Hawai'i"
*
Billey plaaney

Ta **billey plaaney** çheet er biljyn 'sy ghenus (***Platanus***).  T'ad dooghyssagh da'n Lieh-chruinney Hwoaie as cummal ayns curree dy cadjin.  T'adsyn olteynyn ynrican t'er mayrn jeh'n chynney **[[Platanaceae]]**.  Ta'n crosh-sheelragh Platanus × hispanica jeen er lheh noi çhirmid.

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
T'ad gaase wheesh as 50m er yrjid.  Ta roost crottylagh oc, liorish scaillaghey dy aashagh.
Ta duillagyn un-duillagagh oc.  T'ad duillageenagh er lhimmey jeh *[[Platanus kerrii]]*.  Er lhimmey jeh *P. Kerrii* t'ad yn-lhoamey.
Ta blaaghyn beggey ayns dhossan oc: ta mysh 3-7 seepalyn kianglt ec y un, as ta 3-7 petyllyn oc.  Ta biljyn plaaney monoecious (blaaghyn bwoirrinagh as firrinagh er lheh er y villey cheddin).  T'ad goll er pollnaghey ec y gheay, as ta blaaghyn firrinagh tuittym erreish daue ceau y pollin oc.  Ta ny blaaghyn bwoirrinagh çheet dy ve acheneyn ayns dhossan dy ymmodee keead.  Ta dagh achene cughlinagh as ta un rass ayn.  Ta tappag caulgagh oc cur cooney daue skeaylley er y gheay.

## Imraaghyn
Eudicotyn

Ta **eudicotyledonae** çheet er possan monophyletagh dy lossreeyn blaaghey (unnaneagh: **eudicot** ny **eudicotyledon**).  Hug Doyle & Hotton (1991) yn ennym shoh er y phossan.  Va oayllee ny sleaie cliaghtey cur *tricolpates* ny *dicotyn neu-Vagnoliagh* orroo.  She "feer dicotyledonyn" ee keeall yn ennym, er y fa dy vel eh goaill stiagh y chooid smoo jeh lossreeyn v'ad coontey myr dicotyledon as troghyn sampleyragh dicotyledon oc.  T'ad jannoo ymmyd jeh dys çheet er fer jeh'n daa chlade angiosperm smoo, as she monocotyn ny fir elley.

Ta'n corys APG as corys APG II jannoo ymmyd jeh'n 'ockle **eudicot** bentyn rish rang-oardraghey angiospermyn. T'ad cur eh er clade ta goaill stiagh y chooid smoo jeh ny dicotyledonyn dy row.

## Imraaghyn

 
## Kianglaghyn magh

* *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130624093458/http://tolweb.org/eudicots  Eudicots]*, Tree of Life Web Project
* Dicots  Plant Life Forms
Billey rubbyr

She billey 'sy ghenus *[[Hevea]]* eh **billey rubbyr** (***Hevea brasiliensis***).  She oltey smoo scanshoil y ghenus bentyn rish tarmaynys, er coontey y sapp echey, lateks, bun-vun rubbyr najooragh.  T'eh dooghyssagh da ard ny h-Amason.
 
## Çhaglym lateks

Rish 5–6 bleeantyn d'eash, foddee ad çhaglym rubbyr assdaue.  T'ad beamey ad er jeeraghan ny cuishlinyn lateks, as dowiney dy liooar dy varnaghey ad gyn lhiettal aase y villey.  T'ad cur stiagh çhoob as ta'n lateks sheeley magh as stiagh ayns cruick.  

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
T'eh gaase wheesh as 44m er yrjid.  Ta cuishlinyn lateks gaase ayns caslagh jeshagh mygeayrt y chorp.  Ta biljyn garey lhiettit er yrjid do nagh beagh ad jummal daa-ocseed charboan er aase, agh cur eh da jannoo lateks.ref name=eb>"Elastomer-The rubber tree", *Encyclopaedia Britannica*, 2008  Ta duillagyn tree-duillagagh noi-sleeanagh echey as cuishlinaght fedjagagh oc.  Ta roost rea dhone echey.  Ta blaaghyn buighey gyn petyllyn echey, as soar geyre oc.  She kishtey bleastagh eh y mess echey.

## Imraaghyn
Guido Reni

Va **Guido Reni** (4 Mee Houney 1575 - 18 Luanistyn 1642) ny pheinteyr Iddaalagh. Rug eh ayns Bologna, yn Iddaal, ayns 1575 as hooar eh baase 'sy vlein 1642.

## Galleree

Coadan: David, Reni (Louvre INV 519) 02.jpg |*Davy as kione Gholiath* (1605)
Coadan: Guido Reni 031.jpg |*Maayl yn ard-ainle* (1635)
Coadan: Guido Reni 038.jpg |*Nesso as Deianira* (1621)
Billey shapaanagh

Ta **billey shapaanagh** (ny **quinsey shapaanagh**, **thammag shapaanagh**) çheet er crouwyn yn-lhoamey 'sy ghenus ***Chaenomeles***.  T'ad dooghyssagh da'n Aishey hiar - yn Çhapaan, yn Çheen as yn Chorea.  Ta mooinjerys eddyr oc as quinsh as quinsh sheenish, agh ta anchaslyssyn eddyr oc bentyn rish duillagyn as blaaghyn.

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
Ta biljyn shapaanagh gaase 1-3m er yrjid.  Ta duillagyn maylartey un-duillagagh oc, as oirr haue-eeacklagh oc.  T'ad cur magh blaaghyn anmagh 'sy gheurey ny leah 'syn arree; t'ad jiargey-bwee dy cadjin, agh bane-jiarg ny bane ny keayrtyn.  Ta queig petyllyn oc as t'ad 3-4.5 km er crantessen.  She pome eh y mess oc, as queig carpyllyn echey; t'eh appee rish fouyr.

## Ymmyd
Ta sleih gaase dooieyn *Chaenomeles * myr lossreeyn jesheenagh.  Ta'n mess oc geyre as castagh, agh t'ad mie dy liooar son soo as liggoor.
 
## Imraaghyn
Abbyrlhit y Hawaiish

Ta **abbyrlhit y Hawaiish** çheet er cummey jeh'n Abbyrlhit Romanagh as ymmyd jeant jeh son dy screeu Hawaiish.
An Bóthar Buí, Coontae yn Vee

Ta **an Bóthar Buí** (, Yernish son "y Baayr Buigh") ny valley ayns jiass Choontae yn Vee, Nerin. Ta'n balley ny hoie eddyr Cionn Átha Gad as Cill Choca er yn R148 va enmyssit yn N4 roish haink y valley dy ve shaghnit liorish yn M4 ta goll veih Divlyn gys Shliggagh. Cha nel y balley agh fodjeeaght ghiare veih'n joarey rish Coontae Cheeill Darey.

## Imraaghyn
Dún Seachlainn

Ta **Dún Seachlainn** ny **Domhnach Seachnaill** () ny valley ayns Coontae yn Vee, Nerin. Ta'n balley ny hoie 29 km sheear hwoaie veih Divlyn as 19 km shiar yiass veih'n Ooive er raad yn N3. Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2006 va 3,384 cummaltee 'sy valley.

## Imraaghyn
Cill Dhéagláin

Ta **Cill Dhéagláin** () ny valley ayns Coontae yn Vee, Nerin. T'eh ny fo-valley jeh Divlyn as t'eh soit mygeayrt 20 km çheu hwoaie veih'n phreeu-valley. T'eh shaghnit liorish bayr gleashtanagh yn M2. Derrey'n vlein 1970 cha row ayns Cill Dhéagláin agh balley beg as cha row agh 400 deiney cummal ayn. Agh rere bishaghey as mooadaghey Ghivlyn, daase yn balley as nish ta 8,528 deiney cummal ayn.

## Imraaghyn
Shillish

She billey 'sy ghenus Prunus eh **shillish** (***Prunus avium***).  T'ad dooghyssagh da'n Oarpey, yn Affrick heear-hwoaie as yn Aishey heear.   Ta coontey diploid 16 kroymasoomyn echey.. Ta dagh ayrn jeh, er lhimmey jeh messyn appee, beggan nieunagh er y fa dy vel glycosaidyn keeanaganagh ayn.

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
She billey yn-lhoamey t'ayn.  T'eh gaase wheesh as 32m er yrjid.  Ta roost rea dhone dys jiarg-ghorrym ec biljyn aegey, as lenticellyn cochruinnagh er.  T'eh çheet dy ve dhone-ghoo as scaanit er shenn viljyn.  Ta duillagyn maylartey un-duillagagh oochrooagh echey, 7-14km er lhiurid as 4-7km er lheead.  Ta ooir saue-eeacklagh oc, as cass duillag glass ny jiarg 2-3.5km er lhiurid.

Ta blaaghyn baney echey.  T'ad gaase myr corymb dy ghaa dys shey, as queig petyllyn oc.  T'ad goll er pollnaghey ec shellanyn.  She droop jiarg dorraghey eh y mess oc, mysh 1-2km er crantessen.  T'eh yn-ee, ga dy vel eh castagh ny keayrtyn.  Ta un rass mooar creoi ayn, mysh 8mm er crantessen, as clash er y çheu echey.

## Imraaghyn
Ráth Tó

She balley ayns Coontae yn Vee, Nerin, eh **Ráth Tó** (). Ta'n balley ny hoie er crossag ny raaidyn ardjynagh R125 as R155. Rere coontey-pobble 'sy vlein 1996 va 1,061 deiney cummal 'sy valley, agh rere y choontey-pobble reesht 'sy vlein 2006 va 7,249 deiney ayn. Ta awin an Ghabhair roie trooid y valley.

## Imraaghyn
An Seanchaisleán

Ta **an Seanchaisleán** (, Yernish son "y Shenn-Chashtal") ny valley ayns Coontae yn Vee, Nerin. T'eh soit ayns sheear hwoaie jeh'n choontae, er gerrey da'n joarey rish Coontae yn Chavan, as mygeayrt 21 km veih Ceanannas. Ta ny raaidyn ardjynagh - yn R154 as yn R195 çheet ry-cheilley 'sy valley. 'Sy vlein 2006 va 1,316 deiney cummal 'sy valley. Ta ny tommanyn roie-hendeeagh Loch Craobh soit er gerrey da'n valley - tommanyn ta begnagh 5,500 bleeaney d'eash.

## Imraaghyn
An Obair

Ta **an Obair** (, Yernish son "yn Obbyr") ny valley beg ayns Coontae yn Vee, Nerin. Ta'n balley beg ny hoie er raad yn R162 19 km çheu hwoaie veih'n Ooive. Ta Ceanannas ny hoie da'n sheear, ta Baile Átha Fhirdhia ny hoie da'n shiar, as ta Dún na Rí ny hoie da'n twoaie. Ta Abhainn Fhirdhia roie trooid y valley eirinagh lesh yn ennym cheddin.

## Imraaghyn
Maigh nEalta

Ta **Maigh nEalta** () ny valley beg ayns sheear hwoaie Choontae yn Vee, Nerin. T'eh soit ec crossag ny raaidyn R194 as R164 8 km çheu hwoaie veih Ceanannas, faggys da'n joarey rish Coontae yn Chavan. Ta an Abhainn Rua roie trooid y valley.

## Imraaghyn
Dún Búinne

Ta **Dún Búinne** () ny valley ayns Coontae yn Vee, Nerin. Son y chooid smoo t'eh ny fo-valley jeh Divlyn. T'eh ny hoie er crossag jeh raaidyn yn R156 as yn R157, beggan çheu yiass veih'n N3.

## Imraaghyn
Billey ruissagh

She crouw ny billey sheer-ghlass eh **billey ruissagh** (***Rhododendron ponticum***) 'sy chynney *[[Rhododendron]]*.  T'eh dooghyssagh da'n Oarpey yiass as yn Aishey heear-yiass.  She sarkyl ruegyssagh t'ayn ayns ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh.

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
T'eh gaase wheesh as 5m er yrjid.  Ta duillagyn 6-18km er lhiurid as 2-6km er lheead echey.  Ta blaaghyn gorrym-jiargey 3-5km er crantessen echey; dy mennick, ta cronyn beggey buighey-ghlassey er.  She kishtag çhirrym eh y mess oc, mysh 15-25mm er lhiurid as ram rassyn ayn.

## Imraaghyn
Billey shillish figgagh

She billey 'sy ghenus *[[Prunus]]* eh **billey shillish figgagh** (***Prunus padus***).  T'eh dooghyssagh da'n Oarpey hwoaie as yn Aishey hwoaie.  T'eh gaase eer çheu hwoaie Chryss yn Arctagh.  

## Jalloo-oaylleeaght
She billey ny crouw yn-lhoamey t'ayn.  T'eh gaase 8-16m er yrjid.  Ta roost garroo lheeah oc.  Ta duillagyn maylartey un-duillagagh eelipsagh feeacklagh.  Ta blaaghyn baney oc ayns crouw-vlaaghey.  She berrish doo eh y mess oc.  T'eh geyre as castagh, agh t'eh yn-ee.

## Imraaghyn