Bank of Ghana

Gaana Banki katɛ sɛka ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti "Bank of Ghana" la de la Gaana tiŋasuka banki. Sɛla n sɔi la, Gaana Banki wa n biseri banki bibesi la woo n boi tu Gaana so'olum wa.  Banki wa boi la Ankara tiŋa puan, gee me yuum  pɔsɛ la 1957 yuunɛ la puan. Gaana bankj  wa tari la Regional Office duma bayopɔi pa'asɛ a ɔfiisi kãtɛ la n boi Ankara la. Regional ɔfisi duma wa boi la tinsina wa puan, Hohoe, Kumaasi, Sunyani, Tamale, Takoradi, Bolgatanga la Wa. Regional ɔfiisi duma wa n de sɛba n begeri ba tuuma la sadɔɔrɔ ba banki duma la puan. Ba me kelum gura gɔmɛti ligeri, ligeri tiga, la nɛra woo. 

Bank wa kpeŋe a miŋa tɛbegera ligeri puti'ira tuuma gee dɛna mina n pa'asɛ la sɛba n tuni ligeri tuuma la.

## Gaana banki wa maalegɔ
Gaana Banki wa yuum kɔ'ɔm wa'ana la Dawalega Ŋmarega 4,1957. yuunɛ la puan, gee ti dabesa ayi pooren ti Gaana duma to'e bii nyɛ nsɔ'nmiŋa nalɛgebɔ yizuo la "political independence"Kalam ti British Palamɛnti  bo yɔ'ɔ ti Gaana banki tara wara (kãlɛ. 34) 1957 yuum ti la ta'asɛ ti a kɔ'ɔm dɛna amɛŋa. Gee Naakɛ'ɛsega ŋmarega tiŋasuka 1957 yuunɛ la puan, maasum seto zã'a ti ba yuum nara ti ba maasum yuum maasum ba'asɛ mɛ  ze'ele bo na'asegɔ sɔɔrɛ n de Banki duma la zã'a waabi zuudaana bɔna tiŋa la puan "Banki ɔfisum zuudaana paalega n boi palɛ saazuo.

Kɔ'ɔm ze'ele 1957 yuuni la puan, Gaana banki wa tige se'ere n bisere wara duma la yuum nyɛ la teesuŋɔ buuri buuri. Gee Gaana banki  (kãlɛ.34)1957 ti ba yuum tee dikɛ n ze'ele bo Bank of Ghana doose Act (1963), la Act 182 waraduma la puan, gee ti pooren ti Bank of Ghana yuum tee n doose (Amendment Act) 1965, la (Act 282). Do'a do'a, Bank of Ghana Wara "Law", 1992 PNDCL 291, ba yuum tari yelemɛgere tuuni wa'ana bo bank wa ti ze'ele bo Acts 182 la 282 waraduma la.

## '''Tuusum (History)'''
Gaana za'a ligeri biŋere zi'an ti ba yi'ia ti Central bank la dɔla la ayaga lebera la Gold coast Banki la (BGC) bii Gaana kɔmisial banki la zi'an ti ba bi'isi e la. Sansɛka ti nalɛgereba  la gunzamsereba daa nyɛ gɔmena nalɛgereba bɔna 1950s la ba yuun malegum bisɛ mɛ. Ba yuun ŋmɛ nɔkpe'ene ti tiŋasuka ligeri biŋere zi'an de la yile sɛka n wan nyaŋɛ bo gɔmena nalɛgereba sɔmiŋa vɔɔrɛ. Tu wa ta'am tɛra ti 1947 puan la, gɔmena nalɛgereba basɛ yuun yi mɛ ti ba maalɛ Banki katɛ, gee ti tinsuka banki lwa tuna  ze'eta gɔmena na'arɛ gee bisera tu tiŋa.

Nɛreba n yuun boti banki wa la yuun sakɛ nɛreba nɔa mɛ bɔna 1955, gee ti ba yuun bɔkɛ nɛreba yesera gɔmena  zi'an ti ba bisɛ Trevor gɔŋɔ la gee maasum samnɛ la  gura ti ba wa'am mɛ  tiŋasuka banking wa ti ba yi'ira Central bankn boi Gaana. Ti BGC yuun maasum ba miŋa mɛ gura Central banking wa: ba nyaa yuun ɛɛra sɛla de la nɛreba n me ligeri tuunɛ la ba gã'aregɔ zi'an gura ti ba pɔsɛ tuuma.  

1956 yuunɛ ba'asegɔ puan la, ba yuun maasum mɛ ti yu'ɛ Gaana banki wa.  Ba yuun mɛ la bangolɛ n paɛ sugelesi sinuu ti la bɔna tiŋa puan lɛm la Accra Metropolitan Assembly (AMA) ti Bank of Ghana la Ghana Commercial Bank (GCB).

Dawalega 2012, Gaana banki wa yuun mɔɔle ti ba wan tara nɔyinɛ la ligeri tuunɛ bɔna Maya sɔsega la puan.
## '''Governance of the Bank of Ghana'''
Yia Gɔmena n boi banki la puan yuum de la Mr Alfred Eggleston, niŋa daana kɛka n boi BGC la maalegɔ "Scottish banki daana n boi 'secondment' ta paara Gaana ze'ele " imperial" banki n boi India. A podɔleba Gɔmena yuum de la ayima  Mr. Douglas F. Stone, la  British tiŋasuka banki ayima ti ba nyuɛ gee me kelum dɛna "secondment" ze'ele England banki.

Gɔmena lagegɔ la za'a n de banki duma la yuum dikɛ bo la tigera ayopɔi niŋa duma n boi gɔmena kukazuo duma nu'usin.

Yia tigere la yuum de la:

# Alfred Eggleston,  iŋa yuum de zuo daana sɛla ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'chairman' la bɔna Gaana Banki wa puan.
# Douglas F. Stone,  iŋa yuum de zuo daana podɔla sɛla ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'deputy governor' la bɔna Gaana Banki wa puan.
# R. S. Blay,  iŋa yuum de zuo daana sɛla ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'director' la bɔna Gaana Banki wa puan. 
# N. T. Clerk,   iŋa yuum de zuo daana sɛla ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'director' la bɔna Gaana Banki wa puan.
# C. E. Osei,  iŋa yuum de zuo daana sɛla ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'director' la bɔna Gaana Banki wa puan.
# R. C. Parkin,  iŋa yuum de zuo daana sɛla ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'director' la bɔna Gaana Banki wa puan.

Banki la gɔmena la la ka podɔla la, Gold Coast gɔmena n yuum loe ba  yɛsera la "prime" minisita ka'aŋɔ, dɔla la nɔbiŋere 10(1) n boi 1957 wara la.  Gɔmena la la ka podɔla la, ba yuum loe ba la saŋa n de yuuma anuu gee gee yuum kelum tara yɔ'ɔ ti ba kelum loose.  Kɛ'ɛnduma bayi wa yuum sakeri bɔ'ɔra ba tigere la la ba yele-irɛ la ba puti'ira yɛsera banki la yɛla puan.

Tigere la dimiŋa yuum sakɛ bo ligeri minisita bo "efficient management" bo banki la. Sunkpe'enduma asi'a, , "prime" minisita la n yuum loe ba yɛsera la Gold Coast gɔmena la n sakɛ bo ba saŋa n de yuuma atã, dɛla nyuurɛ.
*Bana de la kuka zuoduma tara wa paɛ zina
* Fɔɔ 1962
* W.M.Q. Halm a pɔsɛ la Sakutega 5, 1962 yuunɛ la puan ta ba'asɛ–Salurego 13,1965 yuunɛ la puan bɔna Gaana Banki wa puan.
* A. Adomako  a pɔsɛ la Fɔɔ 10,1965 yuunɛ la puan ta ba'asɛ – Gunfuko 9, 1968 yuunɛ la puan  bɔna Gaana Banki wa puan.
* J.H. Frimpong-Ansah  a pɔsɛ la Kilenkiiŋa 8,1968 yuunɛ la puan ta ba'asɛ  – Gunfuko 28, 1973 yuunɛ la puan
* Amon Nikoi a pɔsɛ la  Kilenkiiŋa 16,1973 yuunɛ la puan ta ba'asɛ – Naakɛ'ɛsega 1977 yuunɛ la puan  bɔna Gaana Banki wa puan.
* A.E.K. Ashiabor a pɔsɛ la Naakɛ'ɛsega 15,1977 yuunɛ la puan ta ba'asɛ  –Kilenkiiŋa 8,1983 yuunɛ la puan bɔna Gaana Banki wa puan.
* J. S. Addo  a pɔsɛ la  Kilenkiiŋa 29, 1983  yuunɛ la puan ta ba'asɛ –  Siibenya'aŋa 29, 1987 yuunɛ la puan bɔna Gaana Banki wa puan.
* G.K. Agama  a pɔsɛ la   yuunɛ la puan ta ba'asɛ – Naakɛ'ɛsega 16,1997 yuunɛ la puan bɔna Gaana Banki wa puan.
* Kwabena Duffuor  a pɔsɛ la Naakɛ'ɛsega 17,1997 yuunɛ la puan ta ba'asɛ – Fɔɔ 30, 2001 yuunɛ la puan bɔna Gaana Banki wa puan.
* Paul A. Acquah a pɔsɛ la Sakutega 1, 2001 yuunɛ la puan ta ba'asɛ  – Fɔɔ 30, 2009 yuunɛ la puan bɔna Gaana Banki wa puan.
* K. B. Amissah-Arthur a pɔsɛ la Sakutega 1, 2009 yuunɛ la puan ta ba'asɛ –Salurego 6, 2012 yuunɛ la puan bɔna Gaana Banki wa puan.
* Henry Kofi Wampah a pɔsɛ la  6 August Salurego 31, 2012 yuunɛ la puan ta ba'asɛ – Kilenkiiŋa 31, 2016 yuunɛ la puan  bɔna Gaana Banki wa puan.
* Abdul Nashiru Issahaku  a pɔsɛ la Dawalega 1, 2016 yuunɛ la puan ta ba'asɛ – Kilenkiiŋa 31, 2017 yuunɛ la puan  bɔna Gaana Banki wa puan.
* Ernest Addison a pɔsɛ la Dawalega 1, 2017 yuunɛ la puan ta paɛ zina beere wa bɔna Gaana Banki wa puan.

### '''Dipaatimɛnti duma (Departments)'''
Bɔna 1957 yuunɛ la puan, ligeri biŋere zi'an ti tu yi'ira ti banki wa yuun pɔsɛ tuuma me la deto tuyoobi n de dipartimɛnti duma, ba yu'ura de la :

* Dipaatimɛnti sɛka n biseri zuo daana ɔfisi ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'The governors' office'
• Dipaatimɛnti sɛka n biseri tuntuneba yɛla ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'The administration/personnel department'

• Dipaatimɛnti sɛka n biseri  banki bibesi yɛla ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti  'The banking department'

•Dipaatimɛnti sɛka n biseri  daaŋɔ yɛla ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti  'The issue department'

•Dipaatimɛnti sɛka n biseri ligere la leebego tuuma      ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'Accounts/audit department'

• Dipaatimɛnti sɛka n biseri lasebaari yɛla  ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti 'Economics/statistics department'

Gɔbena ɔfisi wa nɛŋa daana daa ni dɛna gɔngulesa bɔ'ɔra ba tigere la, gee ti dipatmɛnti bana la mɛ tara manɛger la me ti a dɛna zuo daana gee mi tara a rupɔti bɔ'ɔra la gɔbena podɔla  bii gɔbena miŋa. Ti mina n biseri zi'an wa ti ba yi'ira e ti "manager" wa  n de mina n biseri dipatmɛnti duma wa za'a dɔla la ba wara duma la ba dikɛ yelesi'a biŋɛ yire la puan bisega yɛsera la tansugere la puan tigere nɛreba dɛna  gɔbena, gɔbena podɔla, la nɛreba batã bii banaasi n de zuo yese la dipayimɛnti duma la puan dɔla la gɔbena loosego 

La ba yuun iŋɛ ŋwana wa la, Gaana ligeri biŋere zi'an wa (Bank of Ghana) yuun nyaa soo a tuunɛ dɛna tiŋasuka ligeri biŋere zi'an, ti bana la yuun de la tiŋasuka banking wa, n la bankisi bayi la banki duma bayi n tuni saŋa woo -British Bank of West Africa (BBWA) (now Standard Chartered Bank) and Barclays Bank Limited (Dominion, Colonial and Overseas); la banki paalega sɛka ti ba yi'ira ti Ghana Commercial Bank (GCB).

Banki ayima me n daa le kelum bɔna Post Office Savings Bank (POSB),  mina n yuun kɔ'ɔm dagena banki bala, a yuun de la tigers ti ti gɔmɛti yuun yu'e ti a lagesa nɛreba ligeri dɔla nɛresɛba n yuun tuni posi ɔfisi wa puan bɔna tu tiŋa wa puan ti ba dikɛ be ligeri bɔrɛ gɔmɛti gɔnɔ poosin. 

Nɔnaarɔ la banki bana la yuun iŋɛ doose la ba wara n de bɔgerɛ 39-42 bɔna ba 1957 yuunɛ la puan. Pɔsega la, ba nɔnaarɛ la yuun ka tara paŋa bala,. Tiŋasuka ligeri biŋere zi'an wa n yuun yeti n dɛna zi'an ti bankisi la za'a wan tuna, gee me suŋera ba ti ba tuna suŋa bɔ'ɔra ba putisuma. Ba tuunɛ me yuun kelum dɛna la ba bisɛ ti nɛreba ita suŋa gee me biŋera ba ligeri suŋa. Ba bo banki wa la paŋa ti a basɛ ti bankisi bana la bisera ba lɔgerɔ bɔna sarɔɔ suŋa puan gee me kelum bɔ'ɔra ba nyɔɔrɛ rɔpoti bɔ'ɔra tiŋasuka banki wa. Gee la bala za'a la , Bankisi bana la viisegɔ la tɛɛsi yuun ka pa'asɛ wara la puan.  

## '''Tuuma''' (Functions)
Iŋa n de tinsuka banki bɔ'ɔra Gaana la, a tuunɛ de la:

Tiŋasuka banki la tuuma n ŋwana:

Iŋa maale gee biŋera ligeri wara duma ti ba tuunɛ de la ba nyaŋɛ nyɛ ba puti'ira banki la puan.

Ba suŋɛ ti ligeri la tara tebesum bɔna tu tiŋa wa la tiŋa sa.

Ba dikɛ wara biŋɛ ti la suŋɛ gee tara paŋa bɔna yu'a, nɛreba ligeri yɛla, la tu tiŋa wa maalegɔ yɛla. 

Ba bisera, gee pa'ala banki la n la ligepeseŋɔ yeleŋɔ la ti ba basɛ ti sɛla kina suŋa tu ligeri zi'an wa.

To'ora gee gee bɔ'ɔra tu ligegɔnɔ la ligkɔba la:

Bama n bisere gee maala Gaana yiŋa ligeri yɛla.;

Gɔŋɔ bua,bisega, kooseri gee kelum bisera sɛba me n kelum dagena ligeri yɛla;

Ligeri biŋere zi'an gee kelum kã'ana Gɔbena

Bama n kooseri gee kelum bisera Gaana la satinsi banki duma nɔnaarɛ la zi'isi la yelezuto bɔna wara duma puan gee;

Kelum tum tuuma baseba n wan  suŋɛ ti ba tuuma kiŋɛ bɔna wara (Act) n la wara duma baseba.

## '''Bank of Ghana in the news'''
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### Lawsuits
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#### Dr. Papa Kwesi Nduom la basɛba
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Salurego Nambua puan, 2019, Dr. Papa Kwesi Nduom   la nɛreba basɛba  yuum bo la ba puti'ira giisera Gaana banki la la  basɛba yɛsera la bala n gu  GN banki / ligebiŋere la.[banki la ŋmɛ la nɔkpe'ene la "High court jurisdiction" la la tɔgɛ yeti eŋa n de se'em la,se'em n boi la banki woo.  

"Act", " licence ti ba yese yɛla sum mɛ ti ku maalɛ yɛsera ba n wan ki'isɛ wara kuna la sɔi kootum dɔlega puti'ira.[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_Ghana#cite_note-17 ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_Ghana#cite_note-18

Gaana)

### Bank of Ghana wa laseba puan
Lawsuits

Dr. Papa Kwesi Nduom la nɛreba ba sɛba
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Salurugo ŋmarega 2019 yuuni la puan, ti Dr. Papa Kwesi Nduom la nɛreba tɔka tɔka yuum gulesɛ "lawsuit" gɔŋɔ tari Bank of Ghana la paati duma ba sɛba kiŋɛ kootum yesera license of GN Bank/Savings saaleŋɔ la puan.

Ŋwana Bank of Ghana yuum ze'ele ba namazuo yele kootum kãtɛ yeti la nari ti, san dɛna Banki tuuma "Banking Act", la "license revocation" yɛla nari ti la maala dola sosi'a ti ba dola nɔkpe'ema gee dagi kootum sadotɔ.

## Controversies

###### ==BANK OF GHANA

###### '''Headquarters paalega'''
Salurugo ŋmarega 2023, Bank of Ghana doose la press briefing ta pa'asɛ la justificatons, ti ba yuum zɛkɛ na'ari ti ba mɛ "13-storey headquarters" paalega ti la tee ze'ele bo mɛ sɛka n pugum kɔ'ɔm bɔna la nananewa la. Gee Bank of Ghana wa n boi Ankara wa yuum bo la gɔŋɔ Salurugo ŋmarega ka dapisiyi la diyima daare 21, 2023 yuuni wa puan, ti ku' tari yeledinɛ wa lilige peelumi na.

Puti'irɛ wa ti ba mɛ ediface paalega la yuum tɔ'ɔsɛ yɛla bii itegɔ zo'e zo'e n de wuu Manɔriti duma n boi Gaana Paalimɛnti la Civil yizuto tigera "Civil Society Organizations" yuum ka sakɛ bo depaalega wa mɛa, bɔ'ɔra ba puti'irɛ ti tuundina taaba dagi ninmɔ'ɔrɛ bɔ'ɔra nananewa tiŋa la n kpe'em se'em la. Do'a do'a ba kaɛ Gɔmena la a pɔdoleba pooren yɛta ba ti ba sige tiŋa gee bo nɔɔrɛ ti ba puti'irɛ la kan ta'am tum Bank of Ghana wa puan, Sakutega ŋmarega la ka dabesa anuu daare 5, 2023 yuuni la puan, ɛɛra ba nyɛ tuntuneba bana wa yeseŋa.

Tiŋa la nɛrekãreba ba sɛba n de wuu Dormaahene, Osagyefo Oseadeeyo Agyemang Badu II mɛ bo a puti'ira yesera zãlɛ yelesi'a zã'a gura Bank of Ghana's nɛŋaduma "leadership" puti'irɛ n wa dɛna se'em la.

Tu san le yeti tu bisɛ nu'o kuyima la puan, Deputy Minister se'em n ze'ele bo Trade, Dr Stephen Amoah, yi itegɔ seeko ti nɛresɛba ita ɛɛra bii yi'ira Gɔmena la ti a sige tiŋa la ti la dɛna la sɛla n dagi ninmɔ'ɔrɛ.

### '''Bo'olum la Na'asegɔ'''
Fɔɔ ŋmarega 2020 yuuni la puan, ti ba yuum loe Bank of Ghana wa "adjudged" a dɛna Banki du'a yiadaana "best central bank" "seventh Central Banking" bo'olum bo'a suge nuure buyopɔi puan.

### '''Viisɔsegɔ gɔnɔ/lɔgerɔ'''

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