Khaen

***khaen*** (/ˈkɛn/; de ti gulesɛ e solemiine puan ti "Can", Lao tiŋa tɔgum puan: ແຄນ Thai tiŋa tɔgum puan: แคน, RTGS: *khaen*,dee ti ba wi’ira  [kʰɛ̄ːn]; Khmer: គែន - *Ken*; Vietnamese: *khèn* bii *kheng*) de la Lao tiŋa duma nuurɛ wia n tari yoko, ba me ni dikɛ la banbuu dɔɔ maalɛ e, ni dikɛ e toŋe la dɔpika n tari yoko dee ke’em tara paŋa ti b ani maalɛ tib a nyaa pɛɛbera e ti sapebesum dɔla nuuren yɛsera. Khene wa de la Laos tiŋa duma de’eŋo lɔkɔ. Khene yuuma de la sɛla n lagum pa’asɛ Lao tiŋa duma vom yɛla puan tara suŋerɛ bɔ’ɔra ba yɛa puan la ba buuri za’a yɛla puan dee 2017 yuunɛ la puan ti a me yuum lagum pa’asɛ UNESCO a lagum pa’asɛ ‘intangible Cultural Heritage Humanity’ yu’ura la puan. Lao Isan buuri n kɔ’ɔm tara lɔkɔ wa dɛ’ɛna la yizuto basɛba n boi Tai tiŋa puan magesi wuu tai dam n boi ‘north Vietnam’ la Lao nɛreba zo’e zo’e n boi Stung Treng dee ti ba kelum tara e dɛ’ɛna ‘lakhon ken’ tiŋa puan, Cambodian de’eŋo wa’a buuri tib a dikɛ lagum pa’asɛ ti a dɛna de’eŋo lɔkɔ la de miŋa n boi Vietnam tiŋa puan, Tai tiŋa nɛreba la Muong tiŋa nɛreba n tari e dɛ’ɛna ti a dɛna ba de’eŋo lɔkɔ.

khene tari la zaalesum wia tib a dikɛ ‘brass’ la\bii ‘silver’ maalɛ e. A ŋwɔni me la Western tiŋa duma zaalesum wia magesi wuu, ‘harmonium, concertina, accordion, harmonica, la bandoneon’, tib a yuum maalɛ ba 18th ‘century’ saŋa la puan pɔsega, Chinese sheng tiŋa puan, a ŋwɔsum taaba nuu tib a tari siŋɛ St. Petersburg, Russia tiŋa puan.

Khene tari la buuri buuri a nuu (*lai*, bii pentatonic) la limesego yogero yima yima, ti ba lagesɛ bana wa za’a la yizuto tuyi puan (*thang san* la *thang yao*). Ti  *thang san* yizuo la de la *lai* *sutsanaen* (G A C D E), *lai po sai* (C D F G A), la *lai soi* (D E G A B), dee ti *thang yao* yizuo la me dɛna *lai yai* (A C D E G) la *lai noi* (D F G A C). ba dikɛ *Lai po sai* ti a dɛna la mina n yuu gana dee ti, *lai sutsanaen* me dɛna Lai Khaen duma “sɔ”. ba me ta’am kelum dikɛ khene me ŋmɛ ti a dɛna Solo de’eŋo lɔkɔ (dio khene), ti la dɛna a dikɛ pa’asɛ tib a naɛ taaba (magesi wuu, *wong pong lang* la *khene wong*), bii a dɛna sɛla n wan nyaŋɛ lagum suŋa Lao bii Isan solo yunyuuna (*mor lam*). Ba me ni kelum magesɛ saŋa dikɛ e naɛ la ba buuri ‘fretted plucked lute’ tib a wi’ira e ti’phin’.

Yunyuuneba sɛba n gulesɛ de’eŋo lɔkɔ wa yele dela ‘Annea Lockwood, Christopher Adler, David Loeb la Vera Ivanova’.

## '''Ŋmɛ’ɛregerɛ (tuning)'''
Peebego buyila ma’a ni tara la voole buyima buyim buyoopɔi, dee ti la ŋwana la western duma di’isego voole duma sikeeli la (Western diatonic natural A-minor scale: A, B, C, D, E, F, la G). Fu ta’am maalɛ khene fu boti n se’em dee a san diŋɛ dɛna wia ba’asɛ.

## '''Buuri buuri (Varieties)'''
Khene tari la buuri buuri mɛ:

·       **Khaen hok** (แคนหก, *hok* ti a vuurɛ dɛna "buyoobi") - bunpika *khaen* with  paɛpi pia la bayi n boi buyi ‘rows of 6; kɔma n ni tari e pɛɛbera bii sɛba n zameseri, bii ba tari e kɔɔsera bɔ’ɔra saama

·       **Khaen jet** (แคนเจ็ด, *jet* ti vuurɛ dɛna  "buyoopɔi") – khene mina n makɛ ma’a, a me tari la 14 paɛpi ‘in two rows of 7’

·       **Khaen pet** (แคนแปด, *pet* vuurɛ n de "bunii") – kɔ’ɔm ka ba’a karegɛ bala, *khaen* n tari 16 pipes in two rows of 8; ina tib a kɔ’ɔm tara e dɛ’ɛna saŋa woo

·       **Khaen gao** (แคนเก้า, *gao* vuurɛ dɛna "bawɛi") - *khaen* n tari 18 pipes in two rows of 9; a ni kɔ’ɔm wɔgɛ mɛ

·       **Khaen sip** (แคนสิบ, *sip* vuurɛ n de "pia") - ba "malum maalɛ" *khaen paet kana mɛ*; ba kɔ’ɔm ka tari e dɛ’ɛna bala

## '''Outside southeast Asia'''

United States tiŋa puan, mina n mi khaen ŋmɛ’ɛra paa de la fua ti a yu’urɛ dɛna Bounseung Synanonh ti ba dɔgɛ e Laotian tiŋa puan. Synanonh pɔsɛ khene ŋmɛ’a la yuuma pia la ayi puan  de yuum ka koŋe a nini a yuum pia la anuu puan. 1980 yuuma la puan ti a yuum basɛ a tiŋa dee loŋe bii yakɛ solemitiŋa la n de U.S. la, a yuum de la ‘refugee’ de yakɛ la. 1987 yuunɛ la puan, a yuum de’em bo U.S tiŋa la za’a zuo daana yu’urɛ de ‘president Reagan’, gɔmena na’am yire la puan (White house). Terry Miller n de tingɔŋɔ wa za’a yunyuuneba suke’ene la n yuum basɛ ti ba yuum kelum dikɛ e pa’asɛ la tingɔŋɔ wa za’a yuum zamesegɔ zi’an la, 2007 yuunɛ la puan titi a yuum ta de’em ‘Smithsonian’ de’eŋo la n de ‘Folklife’ kibesi n boi Washington tiŋa puan, D.C. n boi Thailand, virtuoso  nɛremina me n le mina khene  ŋmɛ’a paa de la fua ti a yu’urɛ dɛna Sombat Simla. De’eŋo lɔkɔ wa me lagum kalum nɛresɛba n dagi Asian duma de’eno basɛba, lagum pa’asɛ ‘University of San Diego’ suke’ene n de Birikina Christopher Adler, mina n me lagum gulesɛ de’eŋo lɔkɔ wa yele, solemiine yunyuuna Clive Bell (UK), ‘Vancouver’ yuumaala la de’emdɛ’ɛna Randy Raine Reusch (Canada), mina n ŋmɛ khene Aerosmith's *Pump* (1989), Cranberries ‘*To the Faithful Departed* (1996), la ‘yes’s the ladder (1999); la Jaron Lanier (United States). 21st ‘century wa pɔsega puan, Jonny Olsen me yuum ŋmɛ’ɛri khene ti la sisa, a ze’ele la California tiŋa puan. Nɛreba zo’e zo’e mi e mɛ Laos la Thailand tinsi puan, sansɛka ti daa ni bɔna Thai la Lao tinsi duma teevi (T.V) puasum la de ni dɛ’ɛna Thailand tiŋa duma de’eno puan la, dee U.S Oisen n de wia daana ti a to’e khene wɔ’ɔrɛ lɔkɔ bɔna Khon Kaen n boi Thailand tiŋa puan, 2005 yuunɛ la puan. Stephen Molyneux (United States) ŋmɛ khene wa mɛ bad aa ta yo’e e basɛ Arbitrary State, 2010 yuunɛ puan, ŋmarebɛa la n de bugum niɛ (2012), kelumpagesi la kilega kilega duma (2016), fu san yeti fu loe nɛreba n kɔ’ɔm zɛ dɛ’ɛna de’eŋo. Molyneux da la khaen in Bangkok bɔna 2010 yuunɛ la puan , a puti’irɛ n daa nyaa ta lɛmena de’eŋo lɔkɔ wa puan n daa ta sina Laos la Thailand tinsi puan la.

## '''Kelum bisɛ (see also)'''
·       Water organ

·       Sompoton

·       Ploong

·       Sheng (instrument)

·       Lusheng

·       Gourd mouth organ

## '''Viisegɔ lɔgerɔ'''