Buli language (Ghana)

Buli bii Kanjaga de la Gur tɔgum bɔna Gaana wa, Builsa North District la Builsa South District duma n tɔgerɛ bo, bɔna Upper East Region Gaana so'olom wa. Tɔgum wa de la SVO tɔgum gee tara nɛreba n paɛ tɔsa kɔ̃besɛ siyi 200,000 N tɔgerɛ bo.

Viisegɔ ka ba iŋɛ zo'e Buli tɔgum wa puan ŋwana basɛ mɛ ti tɔgebuna wa ka ita do la bii ka ita ti naara. Tɔgum la buyima de la Chuchuliga, ti ba tɔgera bo Gaana saazuo so'olum wa n de northern la Navrongo. Kasem duma n tɔgerɛ bo, bo mɛ lagum dɛna la Gur tɔgum la buyima ti ba tɔgera bo Upper East Region, northern Gaana wa la Burkina Faso tiŋa puan. Chuchuliga tari la "morphological" n de wuu bo ka tari "diphthongs", gee tara la "nominal morphology" zo'e  gee mɛ ka tara kɔɔsi n yi'iri yesera, n de bo yina wuu Buli tɔgum la. Ethnologue yeti, Buli ka tari "dialectal variation" dɛna bo yina la Konni, Tɔgesebo ti Nangurima la Yikpabongo nɛreba tara bo tɔgera. Kelum pa'asɛ, Buli de la "lexically" dɛna bo yina la Mampruli (77%).

## Yelebɛa Naaŋɔ (Phonology)
Zi'a:

## Kɔnya'asi (Consonants)

## Kɔdaasi

## Yelebɛa limesego (Tones)
Yelebɛa limesego sɔa atã n boi Buli tɔgum puan, magese wuu saazuo kɔa, tiŋasuka kɔa la kɔa ni boi tiŋa, gee "phenomena" yelebɛa la kpe'emɛ. Yelebɛa la ni ta tee mɛ ba tari ti ba bɔna zi'an la gee nyaa ti ta bɔna "syntactic schema" puan.

## Lexical Function
Bāng

'bangle'

bàng

'lizard'

## Yelebɛa Naaŋɔ Tuuma (Grammatical function)
Ateng

a

chēng

yabanga.

'Ateng ye la dã'a.'

Ateng

a

chèng

yabanga.

'Ateng yɛ'ɛsinɛ la dã'a.'

## Yelebɛa Naaŋɔ (Grammar)
Yu'ura deto:
Tu tari yu'ura n ze'ele bo se'ela ayima deto tunaasi gee mɛ kelum tara yu'ura ni ze'ele bo sɛla n zo'e deto tunuu. Gee tu ka tari kãlɛ pa'alɛ sɛla n de ayima deto la tu tari kãlɛ pa'ala sɛla n zo'e deto la. Bogeseko wa kɔ'ɔm bɔna "semantics" gee tum dagina "morphology". Lɔgeseba n boi deoyiŋɔ puan de la [+nɛreba ] gee ti "suffixes" ka dikɛ kãlɛ dãalɛ, gee ba tuuni de la ba pa'ala sɛla n ani se'em "determiners". Gee ti deto la woo boi la lɔgerɔ dɛna [-nɛreba] gee ti ba zo'e zo'e "suffixes" tara kãlɛ bii dãalɛ la kãlɛ.

## Pronouns( Personal pronouns and possessive pronouns)
Buli tɔgum puan, tɔka tɔka N boi tɔgera, kelesa la tɔgum zuo bii tɔgum la tile puan. Tɔgera la ze'ele bo la nɛra-yiadaana ti se'em N kelese la mɛ ze'ele bo nɛra-buyidaana. Gee ti tɔgum tile la bii tɔgum zuo la ze'ele bo nɛra-butãdaana, ti Ŋwana wa za'a puan ba iteŋɔ boi yima yima bii tɔka tɔka ze'ele yianɛra la yi'inɛra la puan gee ti tã'anɛra la mɛ ze'ele bo bii naam yumɛŋerɛ deo. Le pa'asɛ, yia la yi'i nɛra yu'ura la naam yese la yu'ura n tari paŋa la yu'ura n ka tari paŋa puan na. Ŋwana za'a puan, yu'ura za'a waabe pa'alɛ la kãlɛ sakirɛ. Kelum pa'asɛ, tɔgum la zuo bii bo tile ka pa'alɛ la nɛra la kãlɛ aŋa ma'a, gee la kelum la nɛŋa ta pa'alɛ bunuu deo nɛriyiŋa (five singular) la bunassi deo nɛreba zo'e zo'e (four plural) yu'ura deo naaŋɔ.

Tɔka tɔka bii yima yima n boi yu'ura n tari paŋa la yu'ura n ka tari paŋa, ŋwana yese la ba yi'a puansin. Sɛba n tari paŋa la yi'iri voola mɛ (high tone) gee ti sɛba n ka tari paŋa ka yi'ira voola (low tone). Buli tɔgum la ba nyɛ sɛla tɔgum la puan n ŋwana boi teebule wa n gai tilum wa.

Bɔ'ɔra nɛra-ayima la nɛre-yi'i daana yu'ura puan, tu tari bɔŋa zi'isi sitã. "Pronouns" sɛba n tari paŋa naaŋɔ de la m la f wan ta'am bɔna dãalum tuuma ma'a puan (object function), gee ti pronouns bana ń la fì mɛ wan ta'am bɔna la tile la puan (subjects). Gee ti pronouns sɛba n tari paŋa wan ta'am bɔna (subject la object) la puansin.

Asouk nàgì mə/fə.

Asouk hit 1SG/2SG

'Asouk hit me/you.'

Mə/fə nágí Asouk.

1SG/2SG hit Asouk

'I/you hit Asouk.'

Ǹ nàgì Asouk.

1SG hit Asouk

'I hit Asouk.'

Asouk nàgì ǹ.

Asouk hit 1SG

'Asouk hit me.'

Mí nágí Asouk

1SG hit Asouk

'I hit Asouk.'

Asouk nàgì mí.

Asouk hit 1SG

'Asouk hit me.'

Kelum Le pa'asɛ, (person pronouns) n boi teebule wa n boi saazuo sa wa mɛ wan ta'am dike tum (possessive pronouns) tuuma, ti la vuure dɛna la ba de la (homonymous). Magese wuu teebule n pa'alɛ se'em la ti (possessive pronouns) wa ta'am niɛ dɛna (independent element) bii a ta'am dɛna (clitically bound) naɛ la yu'urɛ la.

Mí bìmbìlī lē ńnā

1SG pot CONJ  DEM:DET

Ina de la ma duko 'This is my pot'. 

M-bìmbìlī lē ńnā 

1SG-pot CONJ DEM:DET 

Ina de la ma duko 'This is my pot' 

## Absolute Pronouns
(Pronouns) ze'ele bo la kɔ̃ɔsi bii lɔgerɔ, "independent of a predicate" nu kɔ'ɔm niɛ mɛ paŋa naaŋɔ puan. Gee sɔsega kana puan, sore ka boi bɔ'ɔra "cliticalization" se'ere n sɔi la puti'irɛ la kɔ'ɔm bɔna la ká n ze'ele dɛna preceding element n ka tari "obligatorily" ti a bɔna bini. Magesa n gai tilum wa n pa'alɛ yele wa vuure.

(Ká) mí.

FOC 1SG

'La de la ma.'

(Ká) ǹ.

FOC 1SG

'La de la ma.'

(Ká) fí

FOC 2SG

'It's you.'

(Ká) fí

FOC 2SG

'It's you.'

(Ká) wá

FOC 1PL

'It's us.'

(Ká) wà

FOC 1PL

'It's us.'

## Reflective Pronoun
Ti fu ta'am pa'alɛ "reflexivity" Buli tɔgum puan. La nari ti fu dike la, dék, pa'asɛ bini ti ka ta'am tum, se'em ti la wan ta'am doose "pronoun" n tari paŋa bii la mɛ ta'am dɛna "clitically bind" naɛ la "pronoun" sɛba n tari ka tari paŋa la puan. Sɛba n tari paŋa la tari pa'ala la "logophoric" aŋa, gee ti sɛba n tari paŋa la mɛ tara tuna zi'a ti daaŋɔ san bɔna, se'em ti "agent" la "patient" wa dɛna "predicate" de la " "coreferent" Gee "reflexive pronoun" viisegɔ yɛla boi la teebule wa n gai tilum wa.

## Vi fíisegɔ Lɔgerɔ