Frantz Fanon

**Frantz Omar Fanon** (/ˈfænən/, US: /fæˈnɒ̃/; French: [fʁɑ̃ts fanɔ̃]; 20 July 1925 – 6 December 1961) na he be a French West Indian psychiatrist, political philosopher, den Marxist wey komot de French colony of Martinique (today a French department). Na ein works cam be influential insyd de fields of post-colonial studies, critical theory, den Marxism. As well as he be an intellectual, na Fanon be a political radical, Pan-Africanist, den Marxist humanist wey be concerned plus de psychopathology of colonization den de human, social, den cultural consequences of decolonization.

Insyd de course of ein work as a physician den psychiatrist, na Fanon support de Algerian War of independence from France wey na he be a member of de Algerian National Liberation Front. Na dem describe Fanon as "de most influential anticolonial thinker of ein time". For more dan five decades, na de life den works of Fanon inspire national liberation movements den oda freedom den political movements insyd Palestine, Sri Lanka, South Africa, den de United States.

Na Fanon formulate a model for community psychology, wey dey believe say chaw mental health patients go get improved prognosis if na dem integrate dem into dema family den community instead of being treated plus institutionalized care. Na he sanso help find de field of institutional psychotherapy while he dey work at Saint-Alban under Francois Tosquelles den Jean Oury.

## Biography

### Early life
Na dem born Frantz Omar Fanon on 20 July 1925 insyd Fort-de-France, Martinique, wich na then part of de French colonial empire. Na ein poppie, Félix Casimir Fanon, work as a customs officer, while na Fanon ein mommie, Eléanore Médélice, wey na she be of Afro-Caribbean den Alsatian descent, be a shopkeeper. Na Fanon be de third of four sons insyd a family of eight kiddies. Na two of ein siblings die young, wey dey include Fanon ein sisto Gabrielle, plus whom na he be very close. As na dem be middle class, na ein family fi afford to send Fanon to de Lycée Victor Schœlcher, de most prestigious secondary school insyd Martinique, wer na Fanon cam to admire one of ein teachers, Aimé Césaire.

## Legacy
### Fanon ein writings
* *Black Skin, White Masks* (1952), (1967 translation by Charles Lam Markmann: New York: Grove Press)
* *A Dying Colonialism* (1959), (1965 translation by Haakon Chevalier: New York, Grove Press)
* *The Wretched of the Earth* (1961), (1963 translation by Constance Farrington: New York: Grove Weidenfeld)
* *[[Toward the African Revolution]]* (1964), (1969 translation by Haakon Chevalier: New York: Grove Press)
* *Alienation and Freedom* (2018), eds Jean Khalfa and Robert J. C. Young, revised edition (translation by Steve Corcoran: London: Bloomsbury)

### Books on Fanon

* Williams, James S. (2023). Frantz Fanon, Reaktion Books.
* Anthony Alessandrini (ed.), *Frantz Fanon: Critical Perspectives* (1999, New York: Routledge)
* Gavin Arnall, *Subterranean Fanon: An Underground Theory of Radical Change* (2020, New York: Columbia University Press)
* Stefan Bird-Pollan, *Hegel, Freud and Fanon: The Dialectic of Emancipation* (2014, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc.)
* Hussein Abdilahi Bulhan, *Frantz Fanon and the Psychology Of Oppression* (1985, New York: Plenum Press), 
* David Caute, *Frantz Fanon* (1970, London: Wm. Collins and Co.)
* Alice Cherki, *Frantz Fanon. Portrait* (2000, Paris: Éditions du Seuil)
* Patrick Ehlen, *Frantz Fanon: A Spiritual Biography* (2001, New York: Crossroad 8th Avenue), 
* Joby Fanon, *Frantz Fanon, My Brother: Doctor, Playwright, Revolutionary* (2014, United States: Lexington Books)
* Peter Geismar, *Fanon* (1971, Grove Press)
* Irene Gendzier, *Frantz Fanon: A Critical Study* (1974, London: Wildwood House), 
* Nigel C. Gibson (ed.), *Rethinking Fanon: The Continuing Dialogue* (1999, Amherst, New York: Humanity Books)
* Nigel C. Gibson, *Fanon: The Postcolonial Imagination* (2003, Oxford: Polity Press)
* Nigel C. Gibson, *Fanonian Practices in South Africa* (2011, London: Palgrave Macmillan)
* Nigel C. Gibson (ed.), *Living Fanon: Interdisciplinary Perspectives* (2011, London: Palgrave Macmillan and the University of Kwa-Zulu Natal Press)
* Nigel C. Gibson and Roberto Beneduce *Frantz Fanon, Psychiatry and Politics* (2017, London: Rowman and Littlefield International and The University of Witwatersrand Press)

* Alexander V. Gordon, *Frantz Fanon and the Fight for National Liberation* (1977, Moscow: Nauka, in Russian)
* Lewis R. Gordon, *Fanon and the Crisis of European Man: An Essay on Philosophy and the Human Sciences* (1995, New York: Routledge)
* Lewis Gordon, *What Fanon Said* (2015, New York, Fordham) 
* Lewis R. Gordon, T. Denean Sharpley-Whiting, & Renee T. White (eds), *Fanon: A Critical Reader* (1996, Oxford: Blackwell)
* Peter Hudis, *Frantz Fanon: Philosopher of the Barricades* (2015, London: Pluto Press)
* Christopher J. Lee, *Frantz Fanon: Toward a Revolutionary Humanism* (2015, Athens, OH: Ohio University Press)
* David Macey, *Frantz Fanon: A Biography* (2012, 2nd ed., London: Verso), 
* David Marriott, *Whither Fanon?: Studies in the Blackness of Being* (2018, Palo Alto, Stanford UP), 
* Richard C. Onwuanibe, *A Critique of Revolutionary Humanism: Frantz Fanon* (1983, St. Louis: Warren Green)
* Adam Shatz, *The Rebel's Clinic: The Revolutionary Lives of Frantz Fanon* (2024, Farrar, Straus and Giroux), 
* Ato Sekyi-Otu, *Fanon's Dialectic of Experience* (1996, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press)
* T. Denean Sharpley-Whiting, *Frantz Fanon: Conflicts and Feminisms* (1998, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc.)
* Renate Zahar, *Frantz Fanon: Colonialism and Alienation* (1969, trans. 1974, Monthly Review Press)

### Films on Fanon

* Isaac Julien, *Frantz Fanon: Black Skin White Mask*, a 1996 documentary (San Francisco: California Newsreel)
* *Frantz Fanon, une vie, un combat, une œuvre*, a 2001 documentary
* Concerning Violence: Nine scenes from de Anti-Imperialist Self-Defense, a 2014 documentary wey Göran Olsson wrep den direct wey be based on Frantz Fanon's essay "Concerning Violence", from ein 1961 book *The Wretched of the Earth*.
* *Luce* – na de main character of de movie wrep a paper about Frantz Fanon wey na dem say e be inspired by ein ideology.
* *Fanon*, a 2025 biopic wey Jean-Claude Barny direct about Frantz Fanon ein life den involvement insyd de Algerian independence movement.

## References

## External links

* Frantz Fanon Archive at Marxists Internet Archive
* Frantz Fanon Foundation (in French)
* Frantz Fanon: the cause of colonized peoples (in French) (archived February 2011)
* Interview with Josie Fanon Archived 27 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine (Fanon's widow) in New York, November 1978 (in French and English)
* Frantz Fanon, entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
* The Frantz Fanon collection Archived 16 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine which includes correspondence and manuscripts of Fanon's work is held at *L'Institut mémoires de l'édition contemporaine* (IMEC), in Saint-Germain-la-Blanche-Herbe, France.