Khalid ibn al-Walid

**Khalid ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi** (he die 642) be a 7th-century Arab military commander. He initially lead campaigns against Muhammad on behalf of de Quraysh. He later cam be a Muslim wey he spend de remainder of ein career dey serve Muhammad den de first two Rashidun caliphs, Abu Bakr den Umar, as a commander of de Muslim army. Khalid play leading command roles insyd de Ridda Wars against rebel tribes insyd Arabia insyd 632–633, de initial campaigns insyd Sasanian Iraq insyd 633–634, den de conquest of Byzantine Syria insyd 634–638.

As a horseman of de Quraysh ein aristocratic Banu Makhzum clan, wich ardently oppose Muhammad, Khalid play an instrumental role insyd defeating Muhammad den ein followers during de Battle of Uhud insyd 625. Insyd 627 anaa 629, he convert to Islam insyd de presence of Muhammad, wey induct am as an official military commander among de Muslims wey he give am de title of title of *Sayf Allah* (lit. 'Sword of God'). During de Battle of Mu'ta, Khalid coordinate de safe withdrawal of Muslim troops against de Byzantines. He sanso lead de Bedouins under de Muslim army during de Muslim conquest of Mecca insyd 629–630 den de Battle of Hunayn insyd 630. After Muhammad ein death, dem appoint Khalid to Najd den al-Yamama to suppress anaa subjugate de Arab tribes dem oppose to de nascent Muslim state; dis campaign culminate insyd Khalid ein victory over rebel leaders Tulayha den Musaylima at de Battle of Buzakha insyd 632 den de Battle of Yamama insyd 633, respectively.

Khalid subsequently launch campaigns against de predominantly Christian Arab tribes den de Sasanian Persian garrisons along de Euphrates valley insyd Iraq. Abu Bakr later reassign am to command de Muslim armies insyd Syria, wer he lead ein forces on an unconventional march across a long, waterless stretch of de Syrian Desert, wey dey boost ein reputation as a military strategist. As a result of decisive victories wey Khalid lead against de Byzantines at Ajnadayn (634), Fahl (634 anaa 635), Damascus (634–635), den de Yarmouk (636), de Muslim army conquer chaw of de Levant. Khalid subsequently be demoted den removed from de army ein high command by Umar. Khalid continue service as de key lieutenant of ein successor Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah insyd de sieges of Homs den Aleppo den de Battle of Qinnasrin, all insyd 637–638. Dese engagements collectively precipitate de retreat of imperial Byzantine troops from Syria under Emperor Heraclius. Around 638, Umar dismiss Khalid from both ein military command den ein position as governor of Qinnasrin. Khalid die insyd 642, either insyd Medina anaa Homs.

Khalid generally be considered by historians to be one of de most seasoned den accomplished generals insyd Islamic history, wey he likewise be commemorated thru out de Arab world. Islamic tradition dey credit am plus decisive battlefield tactics den effective leadership during de early Muslim conquests. However, historical accounts offer wey dey differ perspectives on certain events, wey dey include ein execution of Malik ibn Nuwayra during de Ridda Wars den ein dismissal from command by Umar. Khalid ein military fame disturb sam pious early Muslims, most notably Umar, wey fear e fi develop into a personality cult. Insyd Sunni tradition, Khalid generally be honored as a heroic figure, wer as Shia tradition dey portray am more critically.

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