Jacob C. White Jr.

**Jacob C. White Jr.** (1837 – November 11, 1902) na he be an American educator, intellectual, den civil rights activist. Na dem born am to a successful den influential businessman, na White receive de finest education den afford to African-Americans of de time wen na he cam be intertwined insyd de dealings of Philadelphia ein most prominent black leaders. De first black man insyd de city to be appointed as a school principal at Roberts Vaux Consolidated School. During ein tenure between 1864 den 1896, na White reform de institute wey he cam be de leading figure insyd de field of urban education insyd Philadelphia. Alongside ein academic endeavors, na White be significant insyd de sports field: na he help establish de Philadelphia Pythians, an early black baseball club. Dey follow de shooting of ein paddie den fellow activist Octavius Catto insyd 1871, na White cam be de top civil rights activist insyd se city, wey na he remain active insyd de community til ein death insyd 1902.

## Biography

### Early life den career
Na Jacob White Sr. den Elizabeth White born Jacob White Jr. insyd 1837. Na ein bro be George Bustill White wey na ein sister-in-law be Emilie Davis. Na dem raise am at 100 Old York Road insyd Jenkintown, a predominantly white neighborhood 10 miles (16&nbsp;km) from downtown Philadelphia. According to an 1866 city directory, na Jacob den George live plus dema poppie at ein home at 485 York Avenue. Na ein poppie be a barber den physician wey na he be well-respected insyd de black community, formerly de owner of a china shop wey sell products dem manufacture by free negro labor, eschewing goods dem produce by slave labor.  A savvy businessman, na White Sr. enjoy de benefits of profitable real estate investments, wey he cam turn an eminent figure insyd Philadelphia ein exclusive inner circle of elite blacks. Na White Sr. engage insyd chaw endeavors wey dey promote education wey na he be a long-time abolitionist; na both of ein passions be passed to de young White.

Na White initially be enrol at de Lombardy Street Public School. After na he plete ein grammar schooling, na he matriculate at de Institute for Colored Youth (ICY) insyd 1853. De Society of Friends (Quakers) found am, na de ICY emphasize high moral standards for ein students wey dem offer a classical study of Latin, Greek, den trigonometry. While na he enrol, na White express an acute awareness of black society den psychological concepts insyd essays na he present. On May 24, 1855, na he address Governor James Pollock at a special reception for de institute, wey na he touch on de issue of African American citizenship. De same year, na dem elect White secretary of de Banneker Institute, a student instructional society wey convened weekly make dem have scholarly discussions. Na White be ein class ein lone graduate from de ICY on May 6, 1857; na he earn praise for ein popularity among classmates den professors alike.

### Philadelphia Pythians

During ein tenure as a teacher at de ICY, na White closely collaborate plus Octavius Catto, an important civil rights activist den long-time paddie of White na wey he share a similar social group den views on education. Na both men, former cricket players at de ICY, believe baseball be anoda outlet give African Americans make dem promote social reform den prove dema right for full citizenship. Insyd de spring of 1866, na White dem Catto establishe de Philadelphia Pythians, a baseball club wey be composed mainly of men from de Knights of Pythias of North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia fraternal organization. Na Catto, a hard-hitting shortstop den second baseman, be de *de facto* captain on de field, while na White cam be de team ein secretary, responsible for scheduling games, arranging festivities, den recording statistics. Soon, Pythian games cam be a popular fixture of de black community.

### Oda endeavors

Dey follow Catto ein death, na White cam be "de preeminent statesmen for Philadelphia’ ein African-American community", according to de Falvey Memorial Library. Na ein memberships include de National Equal Rights League, Pennsylvania Abolition Society, den de Social, Civil, den Statistical Association of Pennsylvania, wey dey contribute as a secretary. Na de death of Catto, however, presage de move of de Equal Rights Society headquarters a year later; consequently, na White's interests insyd civil rights organizations wane.

Insyd June 1895, at an organizational meeting na dem appoint White de presido of tde board for de Douglass Memorial Hospital. Na under ein direction, na he appropriate state funds for de hospital insyd 1898 from Alexander K. Pedrick of de State Senate. Na he succeed in procuring de funds, White resign from ein position buh na he maintain a seat on de board til ein death on November 11, 1902.

## References


### Bibliography

* 
*