Maria Montessori

**Maria Tecla Artemisia Montessori** (/ˌmɒntɪˈsɔːri/ *[[:en:Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key|MON-tiss-OR-ee]]*, Italian: [maˈriːa montesˈsɔːri]; 31 August 1870 – 6 May 1952) na she be Italian physician den educator best known for ein philosophy of education (de Montessori method) den ein writing for scientific pedagogy top. For an early age, Montessori enrol insyd classes for an all-boys technical school, plus hopes of make she cam turn an engineer. Na she soon get change of heart wey she begin medical school at de Sapienza University of Rome, wey she cam turn one of de first women make she attend medical school insyd Italy; she graduate plus honors insyd 1896. Chaw public den private schools globally still dey use ein educational method today.
## Life den career

### Birth and family

Dem born Montessori for 31 August 1870 insyd Chiaravalle, Italy. Ein poppie, Alessandro Montessori, age 33, na he be official of de Ministry of Finance wey he dey job insyd de local state-run tobacco factory. Ein mommie, Renilde Stoppani, 25 years old, na she be well-educated for de times wey na she be de niece of Italian geologist den paleontologist Antonio Stoppani. While na she no get any particular mentor, na she be very close to ein mommie wey readily encourage am. Na she sanso get a loving relationship plus ein poppie, although na he disagree plus ein choice make she continue ein education.

### 1883–1896: Education

#### Early education
De Montessori family move go Florence insyd 1873, then to Rome insyd 1875 secof ein poppie ein job. Montessori enter a public elementary school at de age of 6 insyd 1876. Na ein early school record be "not particularly noteworthy", although na dem award am certificates for good behavior insyd de first grade den for *lavori donneschi*, anaa "women's work", de next year.

## Death
Montessori die of a cerebral hemorrhage for 6 May 1952 at de age of 81 insyd Noordwijk aan Zee, the Netherlands.

## Works

**[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101068982782?urlappend=%3Bseq=11 Il Metodo della Pedagogia Scientifica applicato all'educazione infantile nelle Case dei Bambini]* (Tipografia della Casa Editrice S. Lapi, 1909). Dem subsequently revise den reissue am insyd 1913 den 1918 (Ermanno Loescher publish am), den 1935 (Maglione den Strine publish am).
** English (American) edition: **' [Anne E. George translate am] (Frederick A. Stokes, 1912)
** English (United Kingdom) edition: ''[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31822021274949 The Montessori Method: Scientific Pedagogy as Applied to Child Education in the Children's Houses]'' [Anne E. George translate am] (William Heinemann, 1912)
** Revised and enlarged English (India) edition ''The Discovery of the Child'' [Mary A. Johnstone translate am] (Kalakshetra Publications, 1948)
** Revised and reissued in Italian as ''La scoperta del bambino'' (Garzanti, 1950). Na dem publish a 'new' edition of dis title by Garzanti insyd 1970.
*** First American edition of ''The Discovery of the Child'' [translated by M. Joseph Costelloe] (Ballantine Books, 1967). Na dem publish simultaneously versions of dis title insyd de [[United States]] by Fides Publishers (Notre Dame, Indiana) den Amereon House (New York).
*** English (United Kingdom) edition: ''The Discovery of the Child'' [M. Joseph Costelloe translate am] (Clio Press, 1988)
*''[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b93394 Antropologia Pedagogica]'' (Vallardi, 1910)
** English (United Kingdom) edition: **' [Frederick Taber Cooper translate am] (William Heinemann, 1913)
** English (American) edition: **' [Frederic Taber Cooper translate am] (Frederick A. Stokes, 1913)
* ''[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t3rv1cr77 Dr. Montessori's Own Handbook]'' (Dem first publish insyd English; Frederick A. Stokes, 1914)
*''L'autoeducazione nelle scuole elementari'' (Loescher, 1916)
** English edition dem publish insyd two volumes (Frederick A. Stokes, 1917):
*****' [Florence Simmonds translate am]
***  [Arthur Livingston translate am]
**I bambini viventi nella Chiesa* (1922)
** English edition: *The Child in the Church: Essays on the Religious Education of Children and the Training of Character* [edited by Edwin M. Standing] (1929)
**Das Kind in der Familie* (Dem first publish insyd German; 1923)
** English edition: *The Child in the Family* [translated by Nancy Cirillo] (1929)
**Psico Geométria* (Dem first publish insyd Spanish; 1934)
** English edition: *Psychogeometry* [ Kay M. Baker den Benedetto Scoppola edit am] (2011)
** English edition: *Psychoarithmetic* [Kay M. Baker den Benedetto Scoppola edit am] (2016)
**L'Enfant* (Dem first publish insyd French; Gonthier, 1936)
** English edition: **' (Longmans, Green and Co., 1936)
*''De l'enfant à l'adolescent'' [translated by Georgette J. J. Bernard] (Dem first publish insyd French; Desclée de Brouwer, 1923)
** English edition: ''From Childhood to Adolescence'' (The Montessori Education Research Center translate am] (Schocken Books, 1973)
*''Educazione e pace'' (Garzanti, 1949) 
** English edition: **' (Theosophical Publishing House, 1949)
**Formazione dell'uomo* (Garzanti, 1949)
** English edition: *The Formation of Man* [Albert M. Joosten translate am] (Theosophical Publishing House, 1955)
**The Absorbent Mind* (Theosophical Publishing House, 1949)
** Revised and rewritten Italian edition: *La mente del bambino. Mente assorbente* (Garzanti, 1952)
*** English edition of Italian version: *The Absorbent Mind* [translated by Claude A. Claremont] (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1967)
**Education for a New World* (1947)
**To Educate the Human Potential* (1947)

## References

## Citations

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## External links

* Association Montessori Internationale
* American Montessori Society
* The Centre for Montessori Studies in her native home in Chiaravalle, Italy
* e-text of ''The Montessori Method'' by Maria Montessori
* Women's Intellectual Contributions to the Study of Mind and Society
* The Montessori Foundation
* Photos of Maria Montessori (1913–1951)
* Montessori Bibliography Online containing citations for sources related to Maria Montessori and Montessori education
* Montessori-Pierson Publishing Company where most of her works and other compilations of lectures or articles written by Montessori are available