open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Rebetiko

**Rebetiko** (Greek: ρεμπέτικο, dem dey pronounce am [re(m)ˈbetiko]), ein plural be **rebetika** (ρεμπέτικα [re(m)ˈbetika]), dem sana dey bell am **rembetiko** anaa **rebetico**, be sam term wey dem use today so say ego designate originally disparate kinds of urban Greek music wey for 1930s insyd ego through sam musical syncretism process wey develop go sam more distinctive musical genre. Dem briefly dey describe Rebetiko as urban popular song give de Greeks, especially de poorest, from de late 19th century go de 1950s, wey eserve as de basis for further developments for popular Greek music insyd. Dem rediscover de music, wey dem partly forget, for de so-called rebetika revival tym insyd, wey start for 1960s insyd wey edevelop further from de early 1970s onwards.

For 2017 insyd, wey dem add rebetiko for UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists insyd.

## Definition den etymology
De word *rebetiko* (plural be *rebetika*) be sam adjectival form wey dem derive from de Greek word *rebetis* (Greek: ρεμπέτης, dem dey pronounce am [re(m)ˈbetis]). Today de word *rebetis* dey mean say sam person wey dey embody aspects of character, dress, behavior, morals den ethics wey dey associate plus sam particular subculture.[*citation needed*] De etymology of de word *rebetis* dey remain de subject of dispute den uncertainty; sam early scholar of rebetiko, Elias Petropoulos, den de modern Greek lexicographer Giorgos Babiniotis, both dey offer various suggested derivations, but edey leave de question open. De earliest source of de word to date be say dem go find for Greek-Latin dictionary insyd wey dey publish for Leiden, Holland for 1614 insyd wer de word ῥεμπιτός be as sam 'wanderer', 'blind', 'misguided', etc.

## Musical bases
Although nowadays dem dey treat am as single genre, rebetiko musically dey speak sam synthesis of elements of European music, de music of de various areas of de Greek mainland den de Greek islands, Greek Orthodox ecclesiastical chant, wey dem often dey refer am as Byzantine music, den de modal traditions of Ottoman art music den café music.****

## References


## External links
Adowa dance

**Adowa** be sam dance wey de Akan people for Ghana dey dance. Ebe popular traditional dance for Ghana, dem dey perform am for cultural events lyk festivals, funerals, engagements den celebrations. De Adowa dance dey express signs wey dey allow de performer make dem communicate wat dem dey feel den dema emotions thru dema hands den feet expressions. Dem get different hand den feet movements wey dem dey perform for different events under. People communicate positive emotions for weddings anaa engagements wey dem dey communicate negative emotions for funerals unders.

De squad wey dey dance adowa be som lead singer, chorus plus some drummers. More times de lead and chorus be middle age women, wey dey accompany dema body plus hand-clapping den/anaa double bell (*dawure*) anaa single bell (*atoke*).

## Movements

Adowa dancers dey use symbolic language plus dema hand movements wey dem dey tell dema stories. If dem dey perform de Adowa, de dancers dey use dema legs den hands. Dem get basic steps dem dey do give dis dance, first tin be say dem for apply pressure den move dema right foot forward. As dem do dis dem go dey interact plus the drummers. 

## References
Călușari

De **Călușari** (Romanian: *Călușarii*, Romanian pronunciation: [kəluˈʃarʲ]; Bulgarian: Калушари or Русалии; Macedonian: Русалии, singular: Călușar) be de members of sam fraternal secret society wey dey practice sam ritual acrobatic dance known as de ***căluș***. Originally Romanian, de practice later spread go Bulgaria den North Macedonia. From three weeks afta Easter till Pentecost, wey dem dey bell am *Rusalii* for Romanian insyd, for around two weeks dem traditionally travel go all demma local communities wer dem go dance, wey few fiddlers accompany dem.

## History
No bro know de origins of de Călușari, although de first written attestations be from de 17th-century musical notations of Ioan Căianu. 

Romanian historian of religion Mircea Eliade note say "Although dem dey make de oath for God ein name insyd, de mythico-ritual scenario wey calusari enact am no get nothing in common plus Christianity" wey, for 19th century insyd at least, na clerical opposition plus de group dey, plus ein members wey dem exclude dem say dem no go fi take communion for three years for sam regions insyd.

## Etymology
Na Mircea Eliade dey believe say de term Călușari originate plus de Romanian word for horse, *cal*, from de Latin *caballus*.

## References
Cuban rumba

**Rumba** be sam secular genre of Cuban music wey dey involve dance, percussion, den song. Dem originate for northern regions of Cuba insyd, mainly for urban Havana den Matanzas insyd, for de late 19th century insyd. Ebe based for African music den dance traditions top, namely Abakuá den yuka, as well as de Spanish-based *coros de clave*. According to Argeliers León, rumba be one of de major "genre complexes" of Cuban music, wey now musicologists commonly dey use de term **rumba complex**. Dis complex dey encompass de three traditional forms of rumba (yambú, guaguancó den columbia), as well as demma contemporary derivatives den oda minor styles.

Traditionally ebe poor workers of African descent for streets den *solares* (courtyards) insyd wey dey perform am, rumba still dey remain as one of Cuba ein most characteristic forms of music den dance. Vocal improvisation, elaborate dancing den polyrhythmic drumming be de key components of all rumba styles. Na dem dey use *Cajones* (wooden boxes) as drums till de early 20th century, wey dem replace plus *tumbadoras* (conga drums). For de genre ein recorded history insyd, wey estart for de 1940s insyd, numerous successful rumba bands cam dey such as Los Papines, Los Muñequitos de Matanzas, Clave y Guaguancó, AfroCuba de Matanzas den Yoruba Andabo.

Since ein early days, dem largely confine de genre ein popularity go Cuba, although ein legacy reach well beyond de island. For United States insyd, Etake ein name give de so-called "ballroom rumba", anaa rhumba, wey for Africa insyd, dem commonly dey refer soukous as "Congolese rumba" (despite say ebe actually based for son cubano top). Rumba flamenca den derivatives such as Catalan rumba wey dey testify ein influence for Spain insyd.

## References
Meddah

***Meddah*** be name wey dem dey take give sam traditional Turkish story teller, wey play sam small group of viewers dema front, such as sam coffeehouse audience. Na dis form of performance especially be popular for de Ottoman Empire insyd from de 16th century onwards. Na de play be generally about sam single topic, de *meddah* wey dey play different characters, wey na dem usually dey introduce am by say dem go draw attention give de moral wey dey de story insyd. De *meddah* go use props such as sam umbrella, sam handkerchief, anaa different headwear, wey ego signal sam change of character, wey na eget skill say edey manipulate ein voice den imitate different dialects. Na no tym limitation dey de shows top; na sam good *meddah* get skill say ego adjust de story wey edey depend on de interaction plus de audience.

## Overview
Na *Meddah*s generally be traveling artists wey dema route take dem  from one large city go anoda, such along de towns of de spice road; de tradition supposedly dey go back to Homer ein tym. Na de methods of *meddah*s be de same as de methods of de itinerant storytellers wey na dey relate Greek epics such as de Iliad den Odyssey, even though na de main stories now be Ferhat ile Şirin anaa Layla den Majnun. De repertoires of de *meddah*s sana dey include true stories, dem modify depending on de audience, artist den political situation.

Na de Istanbul *meddah*s be known say edey integrate musical instruments go dema stories insyd: na dis be main difference between dem den de East Anatolian Dengbêjin.

For 2008 insyd, dem relist de art of de *meddah*s  for Representative List of de Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity insyd.

## History
De *meddah* originally start as de narrators of religious den heroic tales, wey na eget ein roots for de tradition of Turkish oral literature insyd. While estrongly dey base for Turkish nomadic den shamanist traditions top wey dem bring from Central Asia rather than external influences, na Arabic den Persian traditions influence Turkish story-telling for 11th-13th centuries insyd so say ego cam turn sam form of one-man theatre. Na dese narrators of mainly epic tales be known as *kıssahan*, plus dema stories wey dey contain strong Islamic elements wey ereinforce de faith of de Muslims give de audience wey edey attempt say ego convert de non-Muslims. Na such *kıssahan* dey exist for Seljuq period tym insyd wey dem usually talk Arabic den Persian epics, stories of Ali den Hamza, as well as tales from *One Thousand den One Nights*. Dese stories expand ova tym wey na edey include stories such as Battal Gazi.

## References
Chinese paper cutting

Ebe art of **paper cutting** (Chinese: 剪紙; pinyin: *jiǎnzhǐ*) for China insyd wey dey date back go de 2nd century CE, as Cai Lun wey na he be sam court official give de Eastern Han dynasty invent paper.

**Chinese paper cutting** be sam treasured traditional Chinese art dating back go wen dem develop paper. Paper cutting cam turn popular as sam way wey edey decorate doors den windows as paper wey ecam turn more accessible. Dem create dese elaborate cutting designs plus scissors anaa artwork knives wey ego fi include sam variety of shapes, such as symbols den animals. As paper cam turn more affordable, paper-cutting cam turn one of de most important types of Chinese folk art. Later, dis art form spread go oda parts of de world, plus different regions wey dey adopt dema own cultural styles. Secof de cut-outs wey dem often dey take dey decorate doors den windows, dem samtyms dey refer am as "window flowers" (窗花; *chuāng huā*) anaa "window paper-cuts". Derm often dey glue dese cut-paper decorations plus de exterior of windows, so say de light from de insyd dey shine through de negative space of de cutout. Usually, dem dey make de artworks from red paper, secof red be associated plus festivities den luck for Chinese culture insyd, but dem dey use oda colours. Normally dem dey use cut-paper artwork for festivals such as Chinese New Year, weddings den childbirth, secof dem dey consider cut-paper artwork say edey symbolize luck den happiness.

## References
Clinker (boat building)

**Clinker** wey dem build (alias **lapstrake**) be sam method of boat building wey de edges of hull planks dey overlap each oda. Wer ebe necessary for larger craft insyd, dem go fi join shorter planks end go end, wey ego create sam longer strake anaa hull plank.

Dem originate de technique from Scandinavia insyd, wey Anglo-Saxons, Frisians, den Scandinavians successfully used am typically for de vessels insyd wey be known as cogs, wey Hanseatic League employ am. Carvel construction, wer dem dey butt plank edges smoothly, seam go seam, dem dey supplant clinker construction for large vessels insyd as de demand for capacity dey surpass de limits of clinker construction, such as for de larger hulks. (Make you See Comparison between clinker den carvel below).

Dem say see Examples of clinker-built boats wey dem directly descend from those of de early medieval period for traditional round-bottomed Thames skiffs, den de larger (originally) cargo-carrying Norfolk wherries of England.

## Ein Etymology
From *clinch*, anaa *clench*, sm common Germanic word, wey dey mean “to fasten together”.

## References
Karatsu Kunchi

**Karatsu Kunchi** (唐津くんち; de suffix "kunchi" simply wey dey mean festival) be sam Japanese festival wey dey take place annually for de city of Karatsu, Saga Prefecture, for Japan demma island of Kyūshū top.

## About
De festival, wey dey begin for evening of November 2 den end for 4th, dey feature daily parades of fourteen *hikiyama*, massive floats for de form of samurai helmets, sea bream, dragons, den oda fantastical creatures insyd, wey dem construct all from wood, lacquer, den oda materials. Ebe de major event of de Karatsu calendar, wey regularly dey draw crowds of anywer wey dey between 150,000 den 500,000 people from de surrounding area ova de course of de three-day holiday.

Each float — wey dey stand between five den six meters, wey edey weigh anywer from two go five tons — dem dey draw through de streets of de city by teams of bearers wey dem select from families wey dey live for fourteen traditional neighborhoods of Karatsu insyd, go de chant of "En-ya! En-ya! En-ya!"(anaa "Yoi-sa! Yoi-sa! Yoi-sa!") den de music of taiko drummers den flutists wey dem perch for de floats' base top. De event, wey local Shinto shrine dey coordinate (near wey dem dey store floats for de rest of de year tym insyd), dem hold am for several centuries now; dem construct de current incarnations of de floats between 1819 den 1876. For 1980 insyd, na dem designate de festival as "Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property".

## List of ''hikiyama''

# **De Red lion** (赤獅子) built by de Katana-machi district (1819)
# **De Green lion** (中町の青獅子) built by de Naka-machi district (1824)
# **De Turtle and Urashima Taro** (カメと浦島太郎) by the Zaimoku-machi district (1841)
#* It was not Taro originally but a gem on the turtle when it was first built.
# **Samurai Minamoto Yoshitsune's Kabuto** (源義経の兜) by Gofuku-machi (1844)
# **De Sea bream**(鯛) by Uoya-machi (1845)
# **De Phoenix-shaped ship** (鳳凰丸) by Oishi-machi (1846)
# **De Flying dragon** (飛龍) by Shin-machi (1846)
# **De Golden lion** (金獅子) by Hom-machi (1847)
# '*Takeda Shingen's *'Kabuto '***(武田信玄の兜) by Kiwata-machi (1864)
# '<nowiki/>''Uesugi Kenshin's '''Kabuto '<nowiki/>***(上杉謙信の兜) by Hirano-machi (1869)
# **De Drunken ogre on Minamoto Yorimitsu's Kabuto** (酒呑童子と源頼光の兜) (1869)
# **De Lion on an orb** (珠取獅子) by Kyo-machi (1875)
# **De Tiger-headed orca**(鯱) by Kako-machi (1876)
# **De Boat of seven treasures** (七宝丸) by Egawa-machi (1876)
# **Disappeared: De black lion** (黒獅子) by Konya-machi

## Food den culture
Many families go spend hours dey prepare food give people wey go visit throughout de festival. Dis be sam regular practice.

## Event Dates
De event dey take place for 2nd, 3rd den 4th November. De 3rd be national holiday for Japan insyd wey dem dey bell am Culture Day.

## References

* Japan Atlas: Karatsu Kunchi Festival
* Sightseeing Japanese Festivals
* Fukuoka Now Event Calendar
Seto leelo

**Seto leelo** be de Setos' style of folk singing wey get plenty voices.

For 2009, UNESCO join Seto leelo insyd dema list of intangible cultural heritage. Normally, na women dey perform Seto leelo, wey dem dey wear de traditional clothes. During de Seto Kingdom Day wey dem dey celebrate, de woman wey lead for de leelo group wey win, dem go give am de title of "Mother of Song".

## Discography

* *Setusongs*. Dem record am for Värska and Obinitsa for May 1990. Dem produce di CD for Global Music Centre and Mipu Music (MIPUCD 104) for 1991.

## References

## You fi read further

* Lauri Honko: *The Maiden's Death Song & The Great Wedding. Anne Vabarna's oral twin epic written down by A. O. Väisänen.* (FF Communications, 281) Academia Scientiarum Fennica, Helsinki 2003
* Ingrid Rüütel: *Die Schichten des Volkslieds der Setukesen und ihre ethnokulturellen Hintergründe.* In: *Finnisch-ugrische Forschungen* 49 (1988), Volume 2, pp 85–128
* Leea Virtanen: *Die Liedertradition der setukesischen Frauen.* In: *Folklorica. Festschrift for Felix J. Oinas.* Bloomington, Indiana 1988 (= Indiana University, Uralic and Altaic Series 141), pp 307–325

## External links

* ''Seto Leelo, Seto polyphonic singing tradition.'' UNESCO
* ''Seto Leelo, Seto polyphonic singing tradition.'' YouTube, UNESCO channel
Wooden toys of Hrvatsko Zagorje

**Wooden toys of Hrvatsko Zagorje** (Croatian: *Drvene igračke Hrvatskog zagorja*) be traditional wooden toys dem make for de region of Zagorje insyd Croatia. De method of production, from dem dey start plus raw wood to finishing applications of paint, dem pass am doen from generation to generation, plus families dey continue make dem use traditional techniques even for modern tyms.

## History
De technique for crafting wooden toys dey date back go de 19th century, wen chaw villages along de traveling path go de religious pilgrimage site Marija Bistrica begin dey carve wood make dem make trinkets den toys. Na dem dey use local wood lyk maple, willow, beech, den lime make dem carve go various shapes wey dem dey use special tools make dem achieve precise cuts. Afta de men create de toys, de women go hand paint unique designs den motifs wey dem dey use bright colors of red, yellow, den blue.

Insyd 2009 na dem inscribe de custom as part of UNESCO ein Representative List of de Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

## References
Cheoyongmu

**Cheoyongmu** na one popular Korean mask dance wey base for de legend of Cheoyong (처용), wey be son of de Dragon King for de Eastern Sea.Na de oldest surviving Korean court dance be dis, wey e start during de Unified Silla period. People sanso dey see Cheoyongmu as shamanistic dance secof dem dey perform am make dem chase away evil spirits for de end of de year.

De dancer dema moves dey usually full of majesty den strength. Edey depend well for de style den tempo of de music, wey dem punctuate plus different lyrical song recitations. Dis dance dey always involve five dancers, den dema costumes den masks na something wey dey stand out.

Dem put am insyd UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List from 2009, wey dem list am for South Korean Intangible Cultural Property since 1971.

## Sanso spy

* Korean dance
* Korean mask
* Korean mythology
* Samguk Yusa
* Akhak Gwebeom
* Korean shamanism
* Important Intangible Cultural Properties of Korea

## References
Hachinohe Sansha Taisai

**Hachinohe Sansha Taisai** (八戸三社大祭) be sam Japanese festival wey dem dey celebrate from July 31 go August 4 for Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture, Japan insyd. Ein rites dey center for three Shinto shrines top: Ogami (霊神社), Shinra (新羅神社), den Shinmei (神明宮) shrines. Sam procession of twenty-seven floats dey wey dem sana dey borne through de streets plus three *mikoshi*. Eget two hundred den ninety-year history wey for 2004 insyd dem designate am as sam Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property.

For August 2 insyd, de Chojasan Shinra Shrine dey hold de annual Kiba Dakyuu (騎馬打球)tournament. Ebe de traditional Kagami-style *dakyu* wey dem dey hold am only for Hachinohe, Yamagata Prefecture, den de Imperial Household Agency insyd.

## Make you sana see

* List of festivals in Aomori Prefecture
* List of Important Intangible Folk Cultural Properties
* Important Intangible Cultural Properties of Japan
* Dakyu

## References
Gióng Festival

**Gióng Festival** (Vietnamese: *Hội Gióng*) be sam traditional festival wey dem celebrate every year for chaw parts of Hanoi so say dem honour de mythical hero, Thánh Gióng, wey dem dey credit say he defend de country against foreign enemies. Dem list de festival for UNESCO List of de Intangible Cultural Heritage top.

## References
Jultagi

***Jultagi*** (Korean: 줄타기) anaa ***eoreum*** (어름) be traditional Korean performance of tightrope-walking. Edey South Korea dema Important Intangible Cultural Properties number 58 insyd.

## Ein Origin
No evidence dey as dem originate acrobatic performance. Sam scholars presume say e appear for Silla den Goryeo tym. Ecam turn more famous for Joseon dynasty tym insyd wey estill dey exist.

Ebe different from de tightrope-walking styles of oda countries, secof dem usually dey use music plays dey accompany by say dem dey tell sam story so say ego entertain viewers. Dem dey hold Jultagi for Public holidays for South Korea insyd like Daeboreum, Dano den Chuseok holidays. De Korean folk village for Seoul insyd sana dey present dis play so say ego entertain tourists. Na dem sana dey perform for events wey dem dey hold for de royal palace insyd, banquets of high-ranking government officers anaa village festivals. De tightrope walking performance dey compose of sam rope player, sam clown den musical instrument players.

You go fi see sam example of dese plays for de movie *King den de Clown insyd*.

## Ein Technique

More than 40 kinds of Jultagi techniques dey wey edey include walking for sam tight rope as de basic motion, sam reversed walking for top, leaping plus one foot for top, sitting den lying for top, wey samtyms yuou go dey pretend say you dey fall down. Anoda elaborate tightrope walking trick be say you go jump up afta you kneel for de tightrope top plus one knee wey you then go land for de rope top for sam cross-legged sitting position top. Sam expert tightrope walkers go fi jump forward while you dey stand for de rope top without falling.

## Transmitter

## Ein Works

* De film *[[:en:King_and_the_Clown|King den de Clown]]*
* De novel *Jul(rope)* (이청준, Yi Chong-jun, 李淸俊)

## Make you sana see

* Korean dance
* Korean culture
* *[[:en:Pungmul|Pungmul]]*
* *[[:en:Juldarigi|Juldarigi]]*
* Slacklining
* Tightrope walking

## References


## External links
Wikimedia Commons get media wey relate to ******.

* 줄타기 (insyd Korean den English)
Venus

**Venus** (symbol: ) be de second planet for de sun. Ebe rocky planet plus de densest atmosphere of all de rocky bodies for de Solar System insyd, wey ebe de only one plus mass den size wey be close to dat of ein orbital neighbour Earth. Edey orbit inferiorly (insyd of Earth ein orbit), edey always appear for de Earth ein sky close go de Sun, as either "morning star" anaa "evening star". While dis sanso be true give Mercury, Venus dey appear much more prominently, since ebe de third brightest object for Earth ein sky insyd afta de Moon den de Sun, dey appear brighter dan any oda star-like classical planet anaa any fixed star. Plus such prominence insyd Earth ein sky, Venus historically be common den important object give humans, for both dema cultures den astronomy insyd. 

## References


## Read further

* 
* 

## External links

* Venus profile at NASA's Solar System Exploration site
* Missions to Venus and Image catalogue at the National Space Science Data Center
* Soviet Exploration of Venus and Image catalogue at Mentallandscape.com
* Image catalogue from the Venera missions
* Venus page at *The Nine Planets*
* Transits of Venus Archived 19 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine at NASA.gov
* Geody Venus, a search engine for surface features
* Interactive 3D gravity simulation of the pentagram that the orbit of Venus traces when Earth is held fixed at the centre of the coordinate system

### Cartographic resources
* Map-a-Planet: Venus by the U.S. Geological Survey
* Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Venus by the International Astronomical Union
* Venus crater database by the Lunar and Planetary Institute
* Map of Venus by Eötvös Loránd University
* Google Venus 3D, interactive map of the planet
Earth

**Earth**, wona world (symbol:  anaa ), be de third planet from de sun den de only astronomical object dem know edey harbor life. Dis de Earth enable secof ebe water world, de only one for de Solar System insyd wey dey sustain liquid surface water. Almost all of Earth ein water dey contain for ein global ocean insyd, wey dey cover 70.8% of Earth ein crust. De 29.2% of Earth ein crust wey dey remain be land, chaw wey dey locate for de form of continental landmasses insyd within one hemisphere, Earth ein land hemisphere. Chaw of Earth ein land be sam what humid wey vegetation cover am, while large sheets of ice for Earth ein polar deserts dey retain more water dan Earth ein groundwater, lakes, rivers den atmospheric water dem combine. Earth ein crust dey consist of slowly tectonic plates wey dey move, wey dey interact make e produce mountain ranges, volcanoes, den earthquakes. Earth get liquid outer core wey dey generate magnetosphere wey be capable make edey deflect chaw of de destructive solar winds den cosmic radiation. 

## Etymology
De Modern English word *Earth* dem develop, via Middle English, from Old English noun wey most often dem dey spell am *eorðe*. E get cognates for every Germanic language insyd, wey na dem reconstruct dema ancestral root as **erþō*. For ein earliest attestation, na dem use de word *eorðe* make dem translate de chaw senses of Latin *terra* den Greek γῆ *gē*: de ground, ein soil, dry land, de human world, de surface of de world (wey dey include de sea), den de globe ein self. As plus Roman Terra/Tellūs den Greek Gaia, Earth fi be personified goddess for Germanic paganism insyd: late Norse mythology include Jörð ("Earth"), giantess dem often give as Thor ein mummie.

## References


## External links

* Earth&nbsp;– Profile – Solar System Exploration – NASA
* Earth Observatory – NASA
* Earth – Videos – International Space Station:
** Video (01:02) for YouTube top – Earth (time-lapse)
** Video (00:27) for YouTube top – Earth and auroras (time-lapse)
* Google Earth 3D, interactive map
* Interactive 3D visualization of the Sun, Earth and Moon system
* GPlates Portal (University of Sydney)
Falak music

**Falak** (literally "heaven," "fate," "universe") be sam style of music native give de Pamir Mountains of Central Asia, wey be particularly de Badakhshan region of northeastern Afghanistan, southeastern Tajikistan, den northern Pakistan. Falak lyrics go fi involve religious-mystical themes of divine love, separation den reunion (wey dem often dey draw from Persian Sufi poetry), anaa secular den melancholy lyrics of human love den suffering.

## Music theory
Falak music generally dey for descending scale insyd, plus sam limited range wey often be limited plus hexachord (six notes).

## Instrumentation
Dem fi dey sing Falak as cappella, wey instruments dey accompany am, anaa instrumental. Falak instruments dey include de ghijak (spike fiddle), nay (Persian flute), den dombura (long-necked lute), as well as percussion instruments.

## References
Dondang Sayang

**Dondang Sayang** (literally 'love ballad') dem originate am for Malacca samtym for 15th century insyd, wey traditional Portuguese folk music dey influence am. Ebe sam traditional Malay form of entertainment wer Baba den Nyonya singers exchange extemporaneous Malay Pantun (poetry), for lighthearted den samtyms humorous style insyd. Dem normally dey accompany de singers plus violin, two Malay rebana (drums), den tetawak (gong). Dese instruments often dey supplement oda instruments wey be available, most notably, accordions, flutes, anaa sam additional violin.

De chief musician usually be de violinist wey dey play sam primary role for dondang sayang insyd, wey dey provide sam counter melody give de vocal melody. Musicians go fi switch instruments between performances insyd, bah de violinist seldom does, although dis be permitted. If musicians dey wey dem for spare, dem go fi use 5 rebana. Samtyms, dem go fi substitute rebana plus de tambour den barrel drum anaa even de kompang. De music be slow, den sam song usually dey consist of 32 bars, beginning plus sam violin introduction, plus de rebana den then de gong entering, den de voice finally dey enter for bar 5 insyd. Ein style be samwat informal wey ein lyrics usually dey consist of love poems. (Ahmad Usop 1984). De musical instruments go fi be augmented plus accordion (Shafiee Ahmad 1992).

Esana be associated plus de Ronggeng dance.

## Make you sana see

* Music of Malaysia
* Mata-kantiga

## References


## External links

* Sarkissian, Margaret. Kantiga di Padri sa chang. From the collection "Viagem dos Sons", Tradisom, Vila Verde, Portugal, 1998
* Silva Rego, Padre António da. "Apontamentos para o estudo do dialecto português de Malaca". Boletim Geral das Colônias, Lisboa, Portugal, 1941.
* Musical Malaysia/SYNCRETIC SONG BASED FORMS: Dondang Sayang
* PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO MALAYSIAN MUSIC (TDC Malaysia 1996)
Chinese Zhusuan

**Zhusuan** (Chinese: 珠算; pinyin: *zhūsuàn*; literally: "bead calculation") be de knowledge den practices of arithmetic calculation through de suanpan anaa Chinese abacus. For de year 2013 insyd, dem add for UNESCO Representative List of de Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity top. While dem dey decide for de inscription top, de Intergovernmental Committee note say "Chinese people dey consider Zhusuan as sam cultural symbol of demma identity as well as sam practical tool; wey dem transmit from generation go generation, ebe calculating technique wey dem adapt say ego multiple aspects of daily life, serve multiform socio-cultural functions den offer de world sam alternative knowledge system." De movement say dem go get Chinese Zhusuan for de list insyd be by Chinese Abacus den Mental Arithmetic Association.

## Ein History
Na Zhusuan be abacus wey dem invent for China insyd for de end of de 2nd century CE wey ereach ein peak for de period from de 13th go de 16th century CE tym insyd. For de 13th century insyd, na Guo Shoujing (郭守敬) dey use Zhusuan dey calculate de length of each orbital year wey he see say ebe 365.2425 days. For 16th century insyd, Zhu Zaiyu (朱載堉) use Zhusuan calculate de musical Twelve-interval Equal Temperament. Wey again for 16th century insyd, Wang Wensu (王文素) den Cheng Dawei (程大位) write respectively Principles of Algorithms den General Rules of Calculation, summarizing den refining de mathematical algorithms of Zhusuan, wey e further boost de popularity den promotion of Zhusuan. For de end of de 16th century, dem introduce Zhusuan give neighboring countries den regions.

## For culture insyd
Zhusuan be sam important part of de traditional Chinese culture. Zhusuan get sam far-reaching effect for various fields of Chinese society top, like Chinese folk custom, language, literature, sculpture, architecture, etc., wey edey create sam Zhusuan-related cultural phenomenon. For example, ‘Iron Abacus’ (鐵算盤) dey refer sambody wey be good for calculating insyd; ‘Plus three equals plus five den minus two’ (三下五除二; +3 = +5 − 2) dey mean quick den decisive; ‘3 times 7 equals 21’ dey indicate quick den rash; wey for sam places wey dey China insyd, sam custom be dey say you go talk kiddies demma fortune by say you go place various daily necessities for demma top for demma first birthday wey you go make dem choose one wey go predict demma future lives. Among de items be sam abacus, wey dey symbolize wisdom den wealth.

## References
Chovgan

**Chovgan**, **Chowgan** anaa **Chogan** (Persian: چوگان, romanized: *čōwgan*), be sporting team game plus horses wey originate insyd ancient Iran (Persia). Na dem consider am aristocratic game wey dey hold am for separate field insyd, for specially horses dem train. Na de game be widespread among de Asian peoples. Dem dey play am insyd Iran, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, den Uzbekistan.

Insyd 2013, na dem include chovqan for de Republic of Azerbaijan insyd for de UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage in urgent need make dem safeguard am.

Later nu dem adopt am for de Western World insyd, dem know am as polo.

## References
Kırkpınar

**Kırkpınar** be sam Turkish oil wrestling (Turkish: *yağlı güreş*) tournament wer Pehlivans (wrestlers) dey compete for three days. Dem dey hold am every year, usually for late June insyd, near Edirne, Turkey since 1360. For de finals wey dem dey hold for de last day insyd, dem dey show de first, second den third winners of each category. For de tournament tym insyd, dem sana dey organize Kırkpınar Festival.

Oil wrestling be sam sport for de forefront of traditional Turkish sports insyd. Na dem dey hold Wrestling for all of de fairs wey dem organize all ova de Ottoman Empire insyd, bah de wrestler wey win de "chief" title only for Kırkpınar insyd na dem dey bell am de "chief wrestler" till next year ein Kırkpınar wrestling. Dis idea still dey today.

## Ein Description
De contestants dey wear only leather knee-length shorts wey dem dey bell am *kıspet*s. Before each bout, de wrestlers dey pour olive oil ova demma entire bodies.

Kırkpınar dey hold de Guinness World Record for de longest-running athletic competition insyd.

## Ein History

### Oldest known evidence
De history of oil wrestling dey link back go 2650 BC plus evidence from Ancient Egypt, Assyria, den oda regions for Middle East insyd. De Babylonian body of evidence, dem excavate sam tiny bronze, wey na ebe near de Chafadji-temple. De bronze clearly dey concern oil wrestlers as dem dey depict both athletes plus olive vessels for demma head top.

De oldest-known proof of de existence of oil-wrestling for Ancient Egypt insyd dey limestone insyd from de tomb of Ptahhoteb near Saqqara from de Fifth dynasty (about 2650 BC) from de same period as de Chafadji-bronze.

### Oil-wrestling for Iran insyd
De history of de oil-wrestling tournaments as dem know today dey date go de Persian Mythical Era, wey, according to Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, dem start am for 1065 BC insyd. De legendary pehlivan of dis era be Rostam, sam hero wey dem depict say he go constantly save ein country from evil forces.

### Greco-Roman Oil-wrestling
Na dem first use de word "Pehlivan" wey be for sam wrestler for dis period insyd, as de Parthians (238 BC - 224 AD) expel de Greeks from Iran.

### Huns

De Huns arrive for de fringes of de Roman Empire top for late 4th century insyd, wey dem move for horseback out of de steppes of Central Asia top go Germany den France insyd. As dem dey approach de Black Sea wey dem conquer de Ostrogoths, dem sana drive de Visigoths across de Danube go de Roman Empire insyd, wey ecause de crisis wey laed go de astounding defeat of de Roman army under de Emperor Valens near Adrianople (Edirne) for 378 AD insyd.

## Most wins
Hüseyin Pehlivan win de event 7 consecutive years, wey start for 1935 insyd. Ahmet Taşçı win de event 9 tyms for 11 years. Ali Gürbüz wey win de 2021 event, ein 4th victory.

## Make you sana see

* Wrestling in Turkey

## References


## External links

* Kırkpınar 
* Key terms
* Award-winning Kırkpınar photo-story by documentary photographer Michael Craig
* Amsterdam Kırkpınar
* Turkish Wrestling
* bashpelivanns.com
Montea

*Moutya* anaa **Moutia**, be traditional African dance wey be similar to de Sega, buh plus often more pronounced suggestive movements. Female den male dancers dey move for rhythm insyd go de beat of de often single drum dem make of dried goatskin wey dem heat lightly up by bonfire to de start of de Dance (den regular during de evening). Dancing dey start off slowly in tym to de beat of de drums, buh e dey speed up den cam turn more erotic as de beating cam turn faster den faster.

De beat den dance always dey accompany singing wey usually e dey recount de hardships den joys of everyday life. Until de late 1970s, na dem consider de Moutya more of risqué dance wey dem shun am generally.

## References
Azerbaijani carpet weaving

**Azerbaijani carpet weaving** (Azerbaijani: *Azərbaycan xalça toxuculuğu*) be historical den traditional activity of de Azerbaijani people. De Azerbaijani carpet be traditional handmade textile of various sizes, plus dense textile den pile anaa pile-less surface, wey ein patterns be characteristic of Azerbaijan ein chaw carpet-making regions. Carpet making be family tradition dem transferr orally den thru practice.

Insyd 2010, na dem add de art of Azerbaijani carpet weaving for Azerbaijan insyd to de UNESCO List of de Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

## Carpet weaving den community
For de years wey dey follow Azerbaijan ein independence from de Soviet Union, na Azerbaijani carpet weaving tradition be de subject to de special attention of de Azerbaijani government' ein efforts make e preserve, study, promote den develop carpet weaving traditions. Na dem adopt de Law “For de protection den development of carpet art of Azerbaijan” by de President Ilham Aliyev for December 2004 insyd, na dem establish "Azerkhalcha" OJSC (Azerbaijani: *“Azərxalça" ASC*) for May 2016 insyd, Dem start dey celebrate Carpet Weaver Day for May 5 according to de Presidential Decree dem date 25.11.2016,  dem design de fresh building for Azerbaijan Carpet Museum by Austrian architect Franz Janz insyd de shape of rolled carpet wey na dem put am for use for August 2014 insyd. For addition, na dem approve State Program for de “Protection den development of carpet art insyd de Republic of Azerbaijan 2018-2022” for February 2018 insyd by Presido Ilham Aliyev plus de aim make dem create raw material supply give dis industry, improve de infrastructure for carpet-weaving, support de establishment of fresh workplaces den carry out qualified personnel training for de field of carpet-weaving insyd. Furthermore, wool processing, wool den silk yarns manufacturing, den processing plants dem use give coloring wey na dem give attention go production of dyes.

## References
Celestinian Forgiveness

De **Celestinian Forgiveness** (insyd Italian: *Perdonanza Celestiniana*) be religious den historical annual event dey dey hold insyd L'Aquila, Italy, for the end of August. Ebe catholic jubilee celebration, pope Celestine V establish for 1294 by plus ein bull *Inter sanctorum solemnia* (sanso know am as *Bull of Pardon* anaa *Bull of Forgiveness*).

Since 2011 de celebration be "Heritage of Italy for tradition" ("Patrimonio d'Italia per la tradizione") wey for 2019 insyd dem inscribe am for de UNESCO Representative List of de Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity insyd.

## References


## External links
* Perdonanza Celestiniana – official website of de Celestinian Forgiveness, insyd Italian.
Pütchipü'ü

**Pütchipü'ü**, anaa **pütche'ejachi** (insyd Wayuu, "messenger of de word"; Spanish: *palabrero*), be de central element insyd de traditional administration justice system of de Wayuu people. De role of pütchipü'ü be make e solve conflicts thru mediation den negotiation. Dis fi include conflicts between different members anaa clans of de Wayuu community anaa plus people anaa organizations outsyd de Wayuu people. Dis negotiation dey include material compensation aggravating family dey bia give de aggrieved family group.

For 2010 insyd, na UNESCO recognize dis mediation system as part of de Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Governments of Venezuela den Colombia recognize dis indigenous law system. De Major Autonomous Board of Palabreros dey organize *pütchipü'ui*.

## References


## External links
Council of Wise Men of the plain of Murcia

De **Council of Wise Men of de plain of Murcia** (Spanish: *Consejo de Hombres Buenos*, dem pronounce [konˈse.xo ðe ˈom.bɾes ˈβwe.nos]) be customary court wey be responsible make dem dey take resolve irrigation conflicts for de plain of Murcia insyd (*Huerta de Murcia*).

For 2009 na dem choose am along plus de Water Tribunal of de plain of Valencia as intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO.

## Council function
De judgments of de Council of Wise Men be oral, wey ebe scribe recover usual statements. De Mayor wey dey chair de panel anaa ein delegate. He get decisive vote in case tie dey wey he be responsible make he dey carry out de resolutions. He sanso get de authority make he fine members wey no dey attend de meetings. De Council of Wise Men dey comprise five fulls members den five attorneys. Ein aim be make e rule for den resolve issues den demands for certain offenses for de ordinances for de plains insyd.

De Council dey hold ein hearings for public every Thursday for de salon of de city hall of Murcia insyd, from nine til midnight.

## References
Daimokutate

De **Daimokutate** (題目立) be recitation show wey dem dey perform for Yahashira Shrine insyd Kami-fukawa village, near de city of Nara.

De Shinto Temple insyd Kamifukawa get tradition make dem accept 17-year-old boy as member of religious organization wey dey carry out religious ceremonies for de temple. De acceptance of boy go de organization for de temple be acknowledgment say de kiddie cam turn adult.

## De performance
Young men, aged 17 (If enough boys aged 17 years no dey, boys wey no yet catch 17 years old anaa dem sanso dey include ova 17 years old de performance insyd) stand for semi-circle insyd wey dem dress for samurai clothes insyd wey dem dey carry bows. One by one, old man dey bell dem go de centre wey he dey read de name of character for de tales insyd of de feud between de Minamoto den Taira clans. No musical accompaniments dey. Wen all twenty-six characters speak, de youths rhythmically go dey stamp dema feet den sing offstage.

Originally rite of passage for de age of seventeen make dem mark de formal acceptance of de eldest son into de community of de twenty-two families of Kami-fukawa, young men of various ages now dey perform de Daimokutate annually insyd mid-October wey dem komot from chaw different families. Unique for Japan insyd as dramatic performance widout acting anaa music, de Daimokutate be important marker of identity wey edey play indispensable role make e maintain solidarity for dis mountainous town insyd.

## History
Na dem dey perform Daimokutate around de end of de Muromachi period. Daimokutate be dey last living example of tradition make dem dey recite for sanctuary insyd wey ordinary people dey perform, dem attest for de first tym for document of 1534 insyd.

Documents de folklore specialist Hosen Jungo collect between 1953 den 1955, dem preserve am, buh ebe likely say na de repertoire be much larger.

Na dem inscribe Daimokutate for 2009 insyd for de UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists top.

## References
Namur stilt jousting

**Stilt jousting** be 600-year-old tradition of de city of Namur, Belgium, wey costumed people dey for stilts joust top.

Dem divide de stilt walkers for two teams insyd:

-        De “Mélans” joust for yellow den black stilts top. Dem dey represent de old city

-        De “Avresses” joust for red den white stilts top. Dem dey represent de fresh city den de suburbs

Both teams dey use jousting stilts, type of stilts dem develop for Namur insyd.

Jouster ein aim be say make e bring down all de jousters from de oda team (Fallen stilt walker no fi get back for ein stilts top).

For December 16, 2021, UNESCO officially register de Namur tradition of stilt jousting for de list of de intangible cultural heritage of humanity top.

## History
De ban of December 8, 1411 be de earliest official document wey dey document stilt jousting for Namur insyd. De lord of Namur ban de practice for people ova 13 years.

Ova de centuries, jousting for stilts top na ebe de center of major popular festivals for Namur insyd. De major jousts of de Carnival (17th den 18th centuries) fi bring togeda up to 2000 jousters for stilts top.

Jousting for stilts top na dem sanso be welcam gift de people of Namur dey offer to distinguished visitors. Dis dey explain why great names for history insyd attend joust for stilts top for Namur insyd, wey dey include:

* Philip de Good (1439)
* Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor den King of Spain (1515, 1531)
* Phillipe II of Spain (1549)
* Louis XIV of France (1693)
* Peter de Great of Russia (1717)
* Napoleon Bonaparte (1803)
* De Kings of de Belgians Leopold III, Baudouin, Albert II den Philippe.

## Namur stilt jousts now nu
Dem still dey practice Jousting for stilts top insyd Namur.

De jousters, dem dey bell "Les Echasseurs Namurois" (literally "de stilt jousters of Namur") be part of all de major Namur festivals. De joust of de golden stilt be de most important of de year. Dem dey hold am for de third Sunday of September for de occasion of de Festival of Wallonia. 6,000 to 8,000 people gather for de front of de cathedral make dem support de fifty or so stilt walkers wey be involve.

## Accolades
2004: Dem recognize am as intangible heritage of de Wallonia-Brussels Federation ("Chef-d'œuvre du patrimoine oral et immatériel de la Communauté Francaise")

2016: Walloon merit officer

2021: dem register Namur stilt jousting for de UNESCO **Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity** top.

## References
Quan họ

***Quan họ*** (Vietnamese: [kwaːn hɔ̂ˀ], chữ Hán: 官賀) singing be Vietnamese folk music style dem characterize both by ein antiphonal nature, plus alternating groups of female den male singers wey dey issue musical challenges den responses. Quan họ be common for rituals den festivals insyd, wey ebe common theme for chaw songs be love wey young adults dey sentimentality experience am. Quan họ river as UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage practice insyd 2009.

De quan họ style originate from wat now be Bắc Ninh Province wey dem first record am for de 13th century insyd wey dem associate am traditionally plus de spring festivals wey dey follow de celebration of Tết Nguyên Đán (de Vietnamese New Year). Historically, de singing begin for de evenintii before de festival, buh today ebe much more common make de singing occur for de main day of de festival. In general, pair of female singers go sing initial "challenge phrase" (*câu ra*) from de body of songs dem know, wey dey follow wey pair of male singers go respond wey dem dey select den sing "matching phrase" (*câu đối*), wey for repeat de melody of de challenge phrase. Once dem fini, dem go reverse de order, den de men go issue dema own challenge phrase plus different melody. While for de past insyd dem no dey accompany de singing, ebe common today for de singers make dem accompany by instruments, weda traditional Vietnamese instruments anaa modern ones lyk electric keyboards.

Large number of *quan họ* melodies dey, plus thousands of different songs wey dem record den rep am down for score form insyd. Simpler variant of response song, wey dey allow spoken responses wey boys den girlies dey sing for village festivals be trống quân singing.

## References


## External links

* Quan Ho, folk song, MP3, Video
* Quan ho MP3, Video
* Nhac dan ca
* Dan Ca Viet
Hitachi Furyumono

De **Hitachi Furyumono** (日立風流物) be parade for Hitachi city, Japan insyd. Dem dey hold am during *Hitachi Sakura Matsuri* (日立さくらまつり), de annual cherry blossom festival insyd April, den de Great Festival for de local Kamine Shrine once for every seven years for May insyd. Dem inscribe am for de UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists insyd as part of "Yama, Hoko, Yatai, float festivals insyd Japan", 33 traditional Japan festivals.

## Parade
Furyumono be puppet show dem dey perform onstage for de floats top. Each of four local communities - Kita-machi (北町), Higashi-machi (東町), Nishi-machi (西町) den Moto-machi (元町) - get dema own float. During de annual festival, one community dey present ein parade float each year. During de Great Festival for Kamine Shrine, de four communities dey compete for de most skilled puppeteers den de best hospitality to de local deity.

De floats be five tons for weight insyd, 15 meters for height insyd, den from 3 to 8 meters for width insyd. Each of dem get five-storied stage, wey for each stage top puppets dey play scene of one story respectively.

Dem dey control each puppet by three to five puppeteers wey dey manipulate de ropes.

## History
De origin of de parade dey go back to 1695. According to Kamine Shrine, Tokugawa Mitsukuni, de second lord of Mito Domain, appoint Kamine Shrine as de *Sou-Chinju*, de local tutelary shrine. People hold religious festivals wey dem dedicate floats to de shrine.

For de early 18th century insyd, puppet show begni supposedly dey imitate *Ningyō jōruri*, de puppet theater plus chanted narration wey na ebe very popular for Edo den Osaka area insyd for dat tym.

For 1945 insyd, dem lost chaw of de floats for de war disasters insyd, buh na dem restore Furyumono for 1958 insyd. For addition, na dem register de existing float as de Important Tangible Folk Cultural Property insyd 1959.

For 1977 insyd, dem register Furyumono as de Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property.

For 2009 insyd, dem inscribe am for de UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists top plus de *Yamahoko* parade of Gion Matsuri. For 2016 insyd, dem register dese two parades den 31 traditional festivals for de UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists as "Yama, Hoko, Yatai, float festivals insyd Japan", de representative examples dey show de diversity of Japan local cultures.

## References


## You fi read further

* Thornbury, B.E. (1997). ** Suny Series in Contemporary. State University of New York Press. p. . ISBN 978-0-7914-3255-6.

## External links

* 日立風流物の歴史 (The history of Hitachi Furyumono) - Hitachi tourism & products Association
* 日立風流物 - Kotobank, de Japanese online dictionary
* 大祭禮, 神峰神社 (The Grand Festival, Kamine shrine) - de official site of Kamine shrine
* 日立市郷土博物館 (Hitachi City Museum) - de local museum, wey get permanent space for Hitachi Furyumono