Fibromyalgia

**Fibromyalgia** (FM) be a functional somatic medical syndrome plus symptoms of chronic widespread pain, wey be accompanied by fatigue, sleep disturbance wey dey include awakening unrefreshed, den cognitive symptoms. Oda symptoms fi include headaches, lower abdominal pain anaa cramps, den depression. People plus fibromyalgia sanso fi experience insomnia den extreme sensitivity. De causes of fibromyalgia be unknown, wey na dem propose chaw pathophysiologies. People plus fibromyalgia sam times be accused of dem dey imagine dema symptoms.

## Signs den symptoms
De defining symptoms of fibromyalgia be chronic widespread pain, fatigue, den sleep disturbance. Oda symptoms fi include heightened pain in response to tactile pressure (allodynia), cognitive problems, musculoskeletal stiffness, environmental sensitivity, hypervigilance, sexual dysfunction, den visual symptoms. Sam people plus fibromyalgia dey experience post-exertional malaise, in wich symptoms dey flare up a day anaa longer after physical exercise.
## Comorbidity
Fibromyalgia as a stand-alone diagnosis be uncommon, as chaw fibromyalgia patients often get oda chronic overlapping pain problems anaa mental disorders.

### Mental health
Fibromyalgia be associated plus mental health issues wey dey include;
*Anxiety 
*Posttraumatic stress disorder – Approximately one third of patients wey dey present plus an FM diagnosis sanso dey meet criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 
*Bipolar disorder 
*Alexithymia 
*Depression – Patients plus fibromyalgia be five times more likely make dem get major depression dan de general population. 
Experiencing pain den limited energy from having fibromyalgia dey lead to less activity, wey dey lead to social isolation den increased stress levels, wich dey tend to cause anxiety den depression. 

### Pain conditions
Chaw chronic pain conditions often be comorbid plus fibromyalgia. Dese dey include: 
*Chronic tension headaches 
*Myofascial pain syndrome 
*Temporomandibular disorders

### Neurological disorders
Neurological disorders wey be linked to pain anaa fibromyalgia dey include:
*Multiple sclerosis
*Post-polio syndrome
*Neuropathic pain
*Parkinson's disease

### Syndromes plus similar pathogenetic mechanisms
Fibromyalgia largely dey overlap plus chaw syndromes wey fi share de same pathogenetic mechanisms. Dese dey include myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome den irritable bowel syndrome.

### Musculoskeletal disorders
Na dem report comorbid fibromyalgia e dey occur insyd 20–30% of individuals plus rheumatic diseases. Na dem report insyd people plus noninflammatory musculoskeletal diseases.

### Gastrointestinal conditions
Na dem describe de prevalence of fibromyalgia insyd gastrointestinal disease mostly for celiac disease den irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). IBS den fibromyalgia dey share similar pathogenic mechanisms, wey dey involve immune system mast cells, inflammatory biomarkers, hormones, den neurotransmitters such as serotonin. Changes insyd de gut biome alter serotonin levels, wey dey lead to autonomic nervous system hyperstimulation.

### Oda conditions
Oda conditions wey be associated plus fibromyalgia dey include obesity, connective tissue disorders, cardiovascular autonomic abnormalities, obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, restless leg syndrome den an overactive bladder.
## Society den culture
People plus fibromyalgia generally get higher healthcare costs den utilization rates. Na a review of 36 studies find dat fibromyalgia dey cause a significant economic burden on healthcare systems. Na dem estimate annual costs per patient e be up to $35,920 insyd de US den $8,504 insyd Europe.

Well-known people plus FM dey include
*Lady Gaga
*Sinead O'Connor
*Mary McDonough
*Janeane Garofalo
*Rosie Hamlin
*Kirsty Young
*Lena Dunham
*Morgan Freeman
*Michael James Hastings
## References

## External links

* Arthritis&nbsp;– Types&nbsp;– Fibromyalgia by the CDC
* Fibromyalgia by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
* Fibromyalgia by the American College of Rheumatology
* Fibromyalgia by the NHS