Suleiman the Magnificent

**Suleiman I** (6 November 1494 – 6 September 1566), dem commonly know as **Suleiman the Magnificent**, na he be de Ottoman sultan from 1520 to 1566. De longest-reigning Ottoman sultan, ein rule bring about a notable peak insyd de Ottoman Empire ein economic, military den political power, wey e raise de number of de empire ein subjects to at least 25&nbsp;million people. 

After succeeding ein poppie Selim I on 30 September 1520, Suleiman begin ein reign by launching military campaigns against de Christian powers of Central den Eastern Europe den de Mediterranean; Belgrade fall to am insyd 1521 den Rhodes insyd 1522–1523, den at Mohács insyd 1526, Suleiman break de strength of de Kingdom of Hungary. Hungary subsequently be divided, plus much of am incorporated directly into de empire. However, ein defeat at de siege of Vienna insyd 1529 prevent am from advancing further into Europe. Suleiman sanso fight for years against de Shia Muslim Safavid Empire of Persia wey he annex Mesopotamia. Insyd North Africa, na dem establish Ottoman Tripolitania wey de Ottoman fleet dominate de seas from de Mediterranean to de Red Sea den into de Persian Gulf.

Suleiman personally institute major judicial changes wey dey pertain to society, education, taxation, den criminal law. Ein reforms, dem carry out in conjunction plus de Ottoman chief judicial official Ebussuud Efendi, bring togeda de two forms of Ottoman law: sultanic (Kanun) den Islamic (Sharia). He sanso be a distinguished poet den goldsmith; den a great patron of fine culture, wey dey oversee de "Golden Age" of de Ottoman Empire wich na be at de height of ein artistic, literary, den architectural development.

Insyd 1534, Suleiman break plus Ottoman tradition by marrying Hürrem (well known insyd Europe as Roxelana), an influential woman from ein Imperial Harem wey help usher in de "Sultanate of Women" period insyd Ottoman history. Upon Suleiman ein death insyd 1566, he be succeeded by ein den Hürrem ein son Selim II. De death of Suleiman dey mark a watershed moment insyd Ottoman history, although scholars typically regard de period after ein death to be one of crisis den adaptation rada dan of simple decline. Insyd de decades wey dey follow, de Ottoman Empire begin to experience significant political, institutional, den economic changes, a period dem often refer to as de Era of Transformation.

## Personal life
### Consorts
Suleiman I get two known consorts:
* Mahidevran Hatun, a Circassian anaa Albanian anaa Montenegrin concubine.
* Hürrem Sultan, dem know insyd West as Roxelana (m. 1533).

### Sons
Suleiman I get at least eight sons:
* Şehzade Mahmud (, Manisa Palace, Manisa – 29 October 1520, Old Palace, Istanbul, dem bury insyd Yavuz Selim Mosque)
* Şehzade Murad (, Manisa Palace, Manisa – 19 October 1520, Old Palace, den Istanbul, dem bury insyd Yavuz Selim Mosque)
* Şehzade Mustafa (, Manisa Palace, Manisa – dem execute, by de order of ein poppie, 6 October 1553, Konya, dem bury insyd Muradiye Complex, Bursa), plus Mahidevran; 
* Şehzade Mehmed (1521, Old Palace, Istanbul – 6 November 1543, Manisa Palace, Manisa, dem bury am insyd Şehzade Mosque, Istanbul),plus Hürrem;
* Sultan Selim II (30 May 1524, Old Palace, Istanbul – 15 December 1574, Topkapı Palace, Istanbul, dem bury insyd Selim II Mausoleum, Hagia Sophia Mosque), plus Hürrem;
* Şehzade Abdullah (, Old Palace, Istanbul  – , Old Palace, Istanbul, wey dem bury insyd Yavuz Selim Mosque), plus Hürrem;
* Şehzade Bayezid (1527, Old Palace, Istanbul – dem execute am by agents of ein poppie on 25 September 1561, Qazvin, Safavid Empire, dem bury insyd Melik-i Acem Türbe, Sivas), plus Hürrem;
* Şehzade Cihangir (1531, Old Palace, Istanbul – 27 November 1553, Konya, dem bury insyd Şehzade Mosque, Istanbul), plus Hürrem;

### Daughters
Suleiman get two daughters: 
* Raziye Sultan ( 1519 –  1520, wey dem bury insyd Yahya Efendi mausoleum);
* Mihrimah Sultan (September/November 1522, Old Palace, Istanbul – 25 January 1578, Old Palace, Istanbul, dem bury insyd Suleiman I Mausoleum, Süleymaniye Mosque), plus Hürrem, she marry Rüstem Pasha insyd 1539;

### Relationship plus Hurrem Sulta
Under ein pen name, Muhibbi, Sultan Suleiman compose dis poem give Hurrem Sultan:

Throne of my lonely niche, my wealth, my love, my moonlight.
My most sincere friend, my confidant, my very existence, my Sultan, my one and only love.
The most beautiful among the beautiful&nbsp;...
My springtime, my merry faced love, my daytime, my sweetheart, laughing leaf&nbsp;...
My plants, my sweet, my rose, the one only who does not distress me in this room&nbsp;...
My Istanbul, my Karaman, the earth of my Anatolia
My Badakhshan, my Baghdad and Khorasan
My woman of the beautiful hair, my love of the slanted brow, my love of eyes full of misery&nbsp;...
I'll sing your praises always
I, lover of the tormented heart, Muhibbi of the eyes full of tears, I am happy.


## References

## External links

* Portraits and Tughra of Suleiman