open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Mina, Saudi Arabia

**Mina** (Arabic: مِنَى, romanized: *Minā*), dem nickname de "City of de Tents," be a valley wey locate  southeast of de city of Mecca, insyd de district of Masha'er, Province of Makkah insyd de Hejazi region of Saudi Arabia. Dey cover an area of approximately 20 km2 (7.7 sq mi), Mina dey incorporate de tents, de area of *[[Stoning of the Devil|Jamarat]]*, den de slaughterhouses just outsyd de tents.

Mina be most famous for ein role insyd de *[[Hajj]]* ("Pilgrimage"). To accommodate de pilgrims wey dey stay insyd Mina over multiple nights insyd de month of Dhu al-Hijjah, dem build more dan 100,000 air-conditioned tents insyd de area, wey dey give Mina de nickie "City of Tents." Plus a capacity of up to 3 million people, dem call Mina de largest tent city insyd de world. De three Jamarat, wey locate insyd de Mina valley, be de location of de Jamarat, dem perform between sunrise den sunset insyd de final days of de Hajj. De stone throwing ritual dey commemorate de Islamic prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) ein stoning of the Devil, wey want to prevent am from carrying out de command of Allah to sacrifice ein son, Isma'il (Ishmael).

## History

### Incidents during de Hajj

## Gallery

File:Mina - panoramio (3).jpg|Tents
File:Crowds in Mina head to the Jamarat Bridge - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|A large crowd of pilgrims wey dey head to de Jamarat Bridge
File: While tossing their pebbles, pilgrims recall a story of the Prophet Abraham. - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|A Haji wey dey participate insyd de ritual of *[[stoning of the Devil|Jamarat]]*
File:T E Lawrence and the Arab Revolt 1916 - 1918 Q59890.jpg|Image from 1907

## References

## External links

* Mina photograph gallery
Farewell Pilgrimage

De **Farewell Pilgrimage** (Arabic: حِجَّة ٱلْوَدَاع, romanized: *Ḥijjat al-Wadāʿ*) na e be de Hajj pilgrimage wey Muhammad perform insyd de Islamic year 10 AH, dey follow de Conquest of Mecca. Muslims dey believe say verse 22:27 of de Quran bring about de intent to perform Hajj insyd Mecca dat year. Wen Muhammad announce dis intent, approximately 100,000 of ein *Sahaba* gather insyd Medina to perform de annual pilgrimage plus am. Muhammad perform Hajj al-Qiran, a type of Hajj insyd wich dem dey perform Umrah den Hajj togeda. On de 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah, de Day of Arafah, Muhammad deliver de Farewell Sermon atop de Mount Arafat outsyd Mecca.

Muhammad ein pilgrimage define several of de rituals den rites of de Hajj wey be one of de most well-recorded moments of ein life, dem later transmit thru ein *sahaba*, wey accompany am on dis occasion, wey dem observe every gesture of Muhammad, wich cam be a precedent to be followed by Muslims all over de world (*sunnah*).

## Background

Na Muhammad live insyd Medina for ten years since de Hijrah wey he no partake insyd any Hajj pilgrimage, although he perform de Umrah on two previous occasions. Muslims dey believe de revelation of verse 27 of Surah 22, Al Hajj: Quran 22:27

*And proclaim to the people the Hajj [pilgrimage]; they will come to you on foot and on every lean camel; they will come from every distant pass.*

Muhammad commit to de Hajj dat year. De Muslims insyd Medina den de surrounding regions gather plus Muhammad to undertake de journey. Muhammad appoint Abu Dujana al-Ansari as de Governor of Medina during ein absence. On 25 Dhu al-Qi'dah (c. February 632), he lef Medina, accompany by all ein wifeys.

Before he lef for Mecca, Muhammad stay at de Miqat Dhu al-Hulayfah wey he teach de Muslims de manner of wearing Ihram. He first perform ghusl, before he put on ein *ihram*, wich dem say e consist of two pieces of Yemeni unsewed white cotton. Muhammad then perform de Zuhr prayer at de *miqat* before he lef on a camel dem name Al Qaswa'. Muhammad then proceed plus ein journey til he reach Mecca, arriving eight days later.

## References
Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage

De **Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage** be a private collection of around 5,000 items wey dey relate to de Hajj, de pilgrimage to de holy city of Mecca wich be a religious duty insyd Islam. E be one of eight collections dem assemble, dem conserve, dem publish wey dem exhibit by de British scholar, collector den philanthropist Nasser Khalili; each collection be considered among de most important insyd ein field. De collection ein 300 textiles dey include embroidered curtains from de Kaaba, de Station of Abraham, de Mosque of the Prophet Muhammad den oda holy sites, as well as textiles wey go form part of pilgrimage caravans from Egypt anaa Syria. E sanso get illuminated manuscripts wey dey depict de practice den folklore of de Hajj as well as photographs, art pieces, den commemorative objects wey dey relate to de Hajj den de holy sites of Mecca den Medina.

Na dem exhibit part of de collection at de British Museum insyd 2012 wey e lend objects for exhibition insyd oda countries. Dem documente am insyd a 2022 single-volume summary, plus a 7-volume comprehensive catalog insyd de works. Alongside de Topkapı Palace museum, dem be described as "de largest den most significant group of objects wey dey relate to de cultural history of de Hajj".

## Background: de Hajj

De Hajj () be an annual Islamic pilgrimage to de sacred city of Mecca insyd Saudi Arabia, de holiest city give Muslims. Hajj be a mandatory religious duty give Muslims wey dem for carry out at least once insyd dema lifetime by all adult Muslims wey be physically den financially capable of undertaking de journey, den fi support dema family during dema absence.

Hajj be one of de Five Pillars of Islam, alongside Shahadah (confession of faith), Salat (prayer), Zakat (charity), den Sawm (fasting). De Hajj be a demonstration of de solidarity of de Muslim people, den dema submission to God (Allah). De word Hajj dey mean "to attend a journey", wich dey connote both de outward act of a journey den de inward act of intentions. Insyd de centre of de Masjid al-Haram mosque insyd Mecca be de Kaaba, a cubic building dem know insyd Islam as de House of God. De cloth wey dey cover de Kaaba be known as de *kiswah* wey e be changed each year. A Hajj dey consist of several distinct rituals wey dey include de *tawaf* (procession seven times counterclockwise round de Kaaba), *wuquf* (a vigil at Mount Arafat wer dem say Mohammed preach ein last sermon), den *ramy al-jamarāt* (stoning of the Devil).

## References


## External links

* Official website
* Hajj: a Cultural History – online exhibition
* A Visual History of the Hajj exhibit at Google Arts & Culture
* Short video about the collection
Abraham Ossei Aidooh

**Abraham Ossei Aidooh** be a Ghanaian politician from de New Patriotic Party. As of 2008, he be de Majority Leader insyd de Parliament of Ghana; previously, na he be Deputy Majority Leader. He sana be a member of de Pan-African Parliament. He sana be rapporteur of de Committee on Rules, Privileges den Discipline, one of de ten permanent committees of de Pan-African Parliament.

## Early life den education
Dem born Aidooh on 6 August 1953. He obtain ein bachelor of law at de University of Ghana, School of Law. He be a Christian.

## Career
Aidooh be a legal practitioner by profession.

## Politics
Na Aidooh be a member of de 4th parliament of de 4th Republic den take seat during de 1996 Ghanaian general election for de New Patriotic Party. Na he be a member of de 2nd Parliament, 3rd parliament den 4th parliament of de 4th republic for Tema west Constituency.

## Elections
**1996 Elections**

Aidooh be elected as de member of parliament for de Tema West Constituency insyd de Greater Accra Region of Ghana as a member of de Second Parliament of de Fourth Republic of Ghana during de 1996 Ghanaian general elections. He be elected on de ticket of de New Patriotic Party plus a total vote cast of 22,521 representing 46.50% of votes cast over ein opponents Esther IIan-Agbodo Ogbogu of de National Democratic Congress who dey get 15,511 of votes which represents 32.00% of de total votes casts den George Alfred Ackah of de Convention People's Party who dey get no votes cast.

### 2004 Elections
Aidooh be elected as de member of parliament for de Tema West constituency insyd de 4th parliament of de 4th republic of Ghana insyd de 2004 Ghanaian general elections. He be elected plus 37,975votes out of 71,009 total valid votes cast. Dis be equivalent to 53.5% of de total valid votes cast. He be elected over George Komla Medie of de National Democratic Congress, Godfried Allan Lomotey of de Convention People's Party, Kojo Amoako of de Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere Party; den Kenneth Nana Amoateng, Ayele A.J.  Avon den Justice Awortwe Edwards - all independent candidates. Aidooh be elected on de ticket of de New Patriotic Party.  Ein constituency be a part of de 17 constituencies dey win by de New Patriotic Party insyd de Greater Accra region insyd dat elections. Insyd all, de New Patriotic Party dey win a total 128 parliamentary seats insyd de 4th parliament of the 4th republic of Ghana.

## References
Fajr (prayer)

De **fajr prayer**, dem alternatively transliterate as **fadjr prayer**, wey dem sanso know as de **subh prayer**, be one of de five daily mandatory Islamic prayers (salah). E dey consist of two rak'a ("bows"), e be performed between de break of dawn den sunrise. E be one of two prayers dem mention by name insyd de Qur'an.

## History den significance

During de Islamic holy month of Ramadan, Muslims begin fasting plus de fajr prayer. 

Dem mention Fajr twice insyd de Qur'an. De verse insyd wich Muhammad be commanded to recite at dawn (11:114) dem take as foundational for prescribing de times for prayer. 

Insyd Qur'an 17:78, dawn be one of de three times wey prayer for be performed. According to Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti ein commentary on angels (*Al-Haba'ik fi Akhbar al-Mala'ik*), dis verse dey describe de witnessing of dawn prayer by de angels of de day den de night.

Salat al-duha replace fajr as de morning prayer wen dem standardise de five prayers.

## Timings

De timings for de prayer be prescribed by de hadith.

## References

## External links
Asr (prayer)

**Asr** (Arabic: صلاة العصر) be one of de five daily mandatory Islamic prayers (salah).

The Asr prayer dey consist of four obligatory cycles, rak'a. As plus Dhuhr, if e be performed insyd congregation, de imam be silent except wen he dey announce de takbir, i'tidal, den taslim.

De period of Asr dey begin approximately wen de sun be halfway down from noon to sunset (various schools of thought of Islam dey differ on de starting point; sam say dat e dey begin wen se shadow of an object dey equal ein actual length plus ein shadow during noon, odas say dat de actual length for be doubled).Asr dey end at sunset.

De middle prayer dem mention insyd de Quran 2:238, be interpreted by Islamic scholars as e be either de Asr prayer anaa de Fajr prayer. Muslims be commanded to protect de middle prayer, wey dey mean say e for be performed at all costs.

Al-Asr sanso be de title of de 103rd sura of de Qur’ān.

## Name variations

## Format

De Asr prayer dey consist of four obligatory rakats, along plus two anaa four sunnah rakats wey dey precede am. Although, according to sam *madh'habs*, e fi be reduced to two *rakaʿāts* wen travelling.

## References


## External links
Isha (prayer)

**Isha** (Arabic: صلاة العشاء), dem alternatively sanso transliterate am as **Ishaa**', den sanso know am as **Khoftan** anaa **Khooftaan** (from Persian  خفتن wey dey mean sleeping), be one of de mandatory five daily Islamic prayers, den dey contain four cycles.

## Ahadith wey dey mention virtues

Uthman report say he hear Muhammad dey say: "*The one who offered Isha salat in a congregation, it was as if he remained in salat up to midnight, and he who offered the [[Fajr]] salat in a congregation, it was as if he remained in salat the whole night*."  (Muslim)

Abu Hurairah report: de Messenger of Allah say, "*The most difficult Salah for the Munafiqeen (the hypocrites) is Isha and Fajr*. *Had they known the rewards for them, they would have attended them even if they had to crawl on their knees.*" (Bukhari)

## Sunni Muslims

De time period within wich de Isha prayer for be recited be de following:

* **Time dey begin**: According to de Hanafi school, Isha dey begin wen complete darkness arrive den de white twilight insyd de sky disappear. According to de Maliki, Shafi'i den Hanbali schools, de time dey begin wen de red thread disappear from de sky. Dese times fi be approximated by using de sun as a measure. Wen de sun descend 12 degrees below de horizon, e be approximately equivalent to de disappearance of de red from de sky. Islamic rationalist be of de opinion say de time of Isha prayer dey start after civil dusk, wen darkness start dey spread across de sky. For approximating wen complete darkness begin, sam astronomers argue say e dey occur wen de sun descend 15 degrees below de horizon while odas use de safer measure of 18 degrees.
* **Time dey end**: At de beginning of dawn wen de time for Fajr prayer dey begin. However, e be frowned upon to delay de prayer widout a legitimate reason past de first third of de night, den "night" insyd Islamic law dey mean de time between de end of de Maghrib prayer den de start of de Fajr prayer. Islamic rationalist be of de opinion say de time of Isha prayer dey end at nautical dusk, wen de darkness spread completely den de western horizon no longer fi be observed thru de naked eye. According to an opinion insyd de Maliki school, de prohibition be from delaying de prayer beyond de first half of de night, rada dan just de first third.

## Shia Muslims

De time period within wich de Isha prayer for be recited be de following:

For Shia Muslims:

* **Time dey begin**: once dem recite den plete Maghrib (evening prayer).
* **Time dey end**: at midnight, de midpoint between shafak den dawn.

However, e be very important to recite de prayer as soon as de time begin. Often dem dey offer Maghrib den Isha offer togeda plus a small gap of time in between.

## Sanso spy
*Salah (Prayer)
*Wudu (Washing of sam body parts to prepare oneself for praying)
*Oda salah:
**Fajr prayer (Morning)
**Zuhr prayer (Mid-day)
**Asr prayer (Afternoon)
**Maghrib prayer (Sunset prayer)
*Dhikr
*Tasbih
## References

## External links

* 'The Isha Prayer' – a detailed video clip of how the Isha prayer is performed on YouTube

* *note its the last prayer of the 5 prayers
Maghrib prayer

**Maghrib** (Arabic: صلاة المغرب) be one of de five mandatory salah (Islamic prayers), aden dey contain three cycles (*[[rak'a]]*). If dem count from midnight, e be de fourth one.

According to Shia den Sunni Muslims, de period for Maghrib prayer dey start just after sunset, dey follow Asr prayer, den dey end at de beginning of night, de start of de Isha prayer. As for Shia Muslims, since dem dey allow Maghrib den Isha prayers to be performed one after anoda, de period for Maghrib prayer dey extend til midnight. Sunni Muslims (except for de Hanafi school) sanso permit to combine Maghrib den Isha prayers if dem dey travel den incapable of performing de prayers separately. Insyd dis case, de period for Maghrib prayer dey extend from sunset to dawn, as plus Shiites. 

De formal daily prayers of Islam dey comprise different numbers of units, dem call *[[Rak'a|rakat]]*. De Maghrib prayer get three obligatory (*fard*) rak'at den two *sunnah* den two non-obligatory *nafls.* Dem dey pray de first two fard rak'ats aloud by de Imam insyd congregation (de person wey miss se congregation den dey offer prayer alone no be bound to speak de first two rak'ats aloud), den de third be prayed silently.

To be considered valid *salat*, de formal daily prayers each for be performed within dema own prescribed time period. People plus a legitimate reason get a longer period during wich dema prayers go be valid.

De five daily prayers collectively be one pillar of de Five Pillars of Islam, insyd Sunni Islam, den one of de ten Practices of de Religion (*Furū al-Dīn*) according to Shia Islam.

## Name variations

## References

## External links

* 'My Prayer Times' on qul.org.au (in 13 languages)
* 'Prayer Time In' on prayertimein.com (English language)
* Maghrib Prayer Time
Dhuhr (prayer)

**Dhuhr** (Arabic: صلاة الظهر, dem sanso transliterate am as **Zuhr**, **Duhr** anaa **Thuhr**) be one of de five daily mandatory Islamic prayers (*salah*). E be observed after Fajr den before Asr, between de zenith of noon den sunset, den dey contain 4 *[[rak'a]]* (units). 

On Friday, de Zuhr prayer be replaced anaa preceded by Friday prayer (*jum'a*) wich be obligatory give Muslim men wey be above de age of puberty den dey meet certain requirements to pray insyd congregation either insyd a mosque anaa plus a group of Muslims. De sermon be delivered by de imam.

## Performance
De Dhuhr prayer dey consist of four compulsory (fardh) rak'a. In addition, der be a voluntary Sunnah prayer, although de details of am dey vary by branch of Islam. Insyd Dhuhr, dem dey read Al-Fatiha den de additional surah quietly anaa in a whisper (*israr*).

De Hanafi school dey believe der be four rak'a before de compulsory prayer den two rak'a after de compulsory prayer of confirmed sunnah (sunnah mu'akkadah) prayer. De Hanafi school sanso dey believe der be 4 rak'a of non-confirmed sunnah (ghair mu'akkadah) prayer after de compulsory prayer. De Shafi'i den Hanbali schools dey believe der be two rak'a of confirmed sunnah prayer before de compulsory prayer, den two additional rak'a before den after de compulsory prayer as non-confirmed sunnah prayer. Insyd de Maliki school, der be confirmed sunnah prayer before den after de compulsory prayer. Der be no limit to de amount of rak'a for dese, buh e be recommended (mustahabb) for am to be at least two rak'a, wey e be better to pray four rak'a.
## References
Abunuabunu

**Abunuabunu** sana be known as Abubunabunu insyd Bono Twi be a soup from de Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. E be made from cocoyam  leaves (locally called kontomire) together plus oda ingredients (tomatoes, snails, smoked fish, onions, green pepper, turkey berries - called kwahu nsusua in Twi den salt).

E be commonly found den prepared among Akan people especially de Bono people since thus where de Abubunabunu soup originated from, den mostly eaten plus fufu or banku.

## Sanso see
* Ghanaian Cuisine

## References


## External links
* Video: Let's make Ebunuebunu 
* Video:How to prepare Abunubunu
Rabi' al-Madkhali

**Rabi' ibn Hadi 'Umayr al-Madkhali** (Arabic: ربيع بن هادي عمير المدخلي, romanized: *Rabiʿ ibn Hādī ʿUmayr al-Madkhalī*; 1933 – 9 July 2025) na he be a Saudi Arabian Islamic scholar den professor at de Islamic University of Madinah, wer he head de Sunnah Studies Department. He remain active thru out ein life insyd de field of Islamic scholarship den daʿwah. He be praised by fellow scholars such as al-Uthaymin, Ibn Baz, den al-Albani, wey dem describe am as de "imam of criticism den praise" (Arabic: إمام الجرح والتعديل, romanized: *Imam al-Jarḥ wal-Tad’īl*), although he einself later reject de title. Ein will dey stress adherence to de Quran, Sunnah, den de path of de early generations as essential give de Ummah ein success.

### Scholarly works

* “*Bainal-Imāmain Muslim Wad-Daruqutnī*” – “*Between the Two Imams: Muslim and Ad-Dar Qutni.*” And this was one large volume which was the thesis of his Magistrates degree.
* “*An-Nukat ‘Ala Kitāb Ibn Salāh*” – “*Points Upon the Book of Ibn Salāh.*” Published in 2 volumes and it was his PhD thesis.
* “*Manhajul-Anbiyā’ Fid-Da’wah IlAllāh Fīhī Al-Hikmah Wal-‘Aql*” – “*The Methodology of the Prophets in Calling to Allāh: In it was Wisdom and Intellect*”
* “*Manhaj Ahlus-Sunnah Fī Naqd Ar-Rijāl Wal-Kutub Wat–Tawā’if*” – “*The Methodology of The People of Sunnah in Criticism of Men, Books, and Groups.*”
* “*Kashf Mawqif Al-Ghazālī Min As-Sunnah Wa-Ahlihā*” – “*Exposing Ghazālī’s Position Regarding the Sunnah and Its People.*”
* “*Makānatu Ahlil-Hadīth*” – “*The Position of the People of Hadīth*”
* “*Manhaj Al-Imām Muslim Fī Tartībi Sahīhihī*” – “*Al-Imām Muslim's Method in Ordering his Sahīh.*”
* “*Adhwā’ Islāmiyyah ‘Alā ‘Aqīdah Sayyid Qutb wa Fikarihī*” – “*The Illumination of Islām Regarding the Creed of Sayyid Qutb and his Ideas.*”
* “*Matā’in Sayyid Qutb fī As-hābi Rasūlillāh SallAllāhu Alaihi wa Sallam*” – “*The Slanders of Sayyid Qutb Upon the Companions of the Messenger of Allāh* (H).”
* “*Al-Hadd Al-Fāsil Bainal-Haqq Wal-Bātil*” – “*The Distinct Separation Between Truth and Falsehood,*” which was part of critical dialogue between him and Bakr Abū Zaid
* “*Jamā’ah Wāhidah Lā Jamā’āt; Wa Sīrat Wāhid Lā ‘Asharāt*” – “*One Jamā’ah – Not Many Jamā’ahs; and One Path – Not Tens of Paths,*” which was part of a critical dialogue with ‘Abdur-Rahmān ‘Abdul-Khāliq.

## Religious life den students
Na dem know Rabīʿ for ein works insyd "al-Jarḥ wa at-Taʿdīl" (criticism and praise). Ein teachings cam be widely spread insyd Salafi circles. Ein known students dey include:

* Shaykh ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbdir-Raḥīm al-Bukhārī 
* Shaykh ʿArafāt ibn Ḥasan al-Muḥammadī
* Shaykh Khālid al-Ḍhufayrī
* Shaykh Ṭāriq Durmān
* Shaykh Abū Khadeejah ʿAbdul Wāḥid Alam
* Shaykh Abū Ḥakīm Bilāl Davis
* Shaykh ʿAbdullāh al-Lahmāmī
* Shaykh ʿAbdulghani Uwaysāt al-Jazāʾirī
* Shaykh ʿAbdulḥakīm Dahhās al-Wahrānī

## Death
Rabīʿal-Madkhali die insyd Madinah on 9 July 2025, at de age of 92. Dem perform ein janazah after Fajr, at de Prophet's Masjid insyd Madinah on 10 July. Khaled al-Muhanna lead am, an imam of de Prophet's Mosque.

## References


## External links
* Official website
Friday prayer

**Friday prayer**, anaa **congregational prayer** (Arabic: صلاة الجمعة, romanized: *ṣalāt al-jumuʿa*), be de meeting togeda of Muslims for communal prayer den a service at midday every Friday. Insyd Islam, de day einself be called ***Yawm al-Jum'ah*** (dem shorten to *Jum'ah*), wich translate from Arabic dey mean "Day of Meeting", "Day of Assembly" anaa "Day of Congregation".

On dis day, all Muslim men be expected to meet den participate at de designated place of meeting den prostration (mosque), plus certain exceptions secof distance den situation. Women den kiddies sanso fi participate, buh no dey fall under de same obligation wey men do.

Insyd chaw Muslim countries, de weekend dey include Fridays, den insyd odas, Fridays be half-days give schools den sam workplaces. E be one of de most exalted Islamic rituals den one of ein confirmed obligatory acts.

## History of de practice

According to de history of Islam den de report from Abdullah bn 'Abbas narrate from de Prophet dey say dat: na dem give de permission to perform de Friday prayer by Allah before hijrah, buh na de people be unable to congregate den perform am. De Prophet wrep a note to Mus'ab ibn Umayr, wey represent de Prophet insyd Madinah to pray two raka'at insyd congregation on Friday (dat be, Jumu'ah). Then, after de migration of de Prophet to Medina, he hold de *Jumu'ah*.

For Shiites, historically, dema clergy discourage Shiites from attending Friday prayers. According to dem, na communal Friday prayers plus a sermon be wrong wey e lapse (along plus several oda religious practices) til de return of dema 12th Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi. However, among odas, Shiite modernist Muhammad ibn Muhammad Mahdi al-Khalisi (1890–1963) demand say Shiites for more carefully observe Friday prayers insyd a step to bridge de gap plus Sunnis. Later, na dem develop de practice of communal Friday prayers, wey e cam be standard der-afterwards, by Ruhollah Khomeini insyd Iran den later by Mohammad Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr insyd Iraq. Dem justify de practice under de newly promoted *Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists* doctrine. Wen al-Sadr install Friday prayer imams insyd Shia-majority areas—a practice no be traditional insyd Iraqi Shiism wey dem consider "revolutionary, if no be heretical"—e put am at odds plus de Shia religious establishment insyd Najaf. Under both Khomeini den al-Sadr, political sermons go be heard.

## References


## External links

* Practical Rulings of Salat al-Jum'ah
* Friday (Jum'ah) Prayer
Al-Albani

**Muhammad Nasir al-Din** (born **Muhamed Nasirudin Nexhati**; 16 August 1914 – 3 October 1999), dem commonly know as **al-Albani**, na he be an Albanian Islamic hadith scholar (muhaddith), dem regard as one of de prominent figures of modern Salafism. He be known for ein rigorous re-evaluation of hadith literature den for rejecting adherence to traditional schools of jurisprudence. Al-Albani cam be a controversial yet-influential reformer within Sunni Islam.

Na dem twice imprison am insyd Syria for ein teachings wey he later lecture at de Islamic University of Madinah at de invitation of Ibn Baz. He author over 200 works, wey dey include Silsalat al-Hadith al-Sahiha den Sifat Salat al-Nabi. Ein reassessment of canonical hadiths draw both acclaim den criticism, wey earn am, among Salafis, de title *'al-Bukhari of the contemporary age*'

## Early life den education
Dem born al-Albani on 16 August 1914 insyd Shkodër, Albania, to a family wey dey adhere to de Hanafi school of Jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. Ein poppie, Nuh Nexhati, be a jurist of de Hanafi jurisprudence, dem train insyd Istanbul. Fearing de rise of secularism during de rule of Zog I, Nexhati withdraw ein son from school insyd Albania. Insyd 1923, wen al-Albani be nine years old, he den ein family move to Damascus, Syria, then under French occupation.

## Later life den death
After decades of teaching den writing, al-Albani eventually settle insyd Jordan, wer he continue to lecture den receive visitors. He die insyd Amman on 2 October 1999 at de age of 85. Na ein wifey be Umm al-Fadl.

## References


## External links

* The Albaani Site – Translations from His Works – Updated Regularly
* Official Website of Sheikh Al-Albani 
* Pages 6-7: Al-Albani's Revolutionary Approach to Hadith - 2-page article on Al-Albani's hadith methodology in a backdrop to nepotism among Salafi scholars in Saudi Arabia
Adade

**Adade** be a surname. Notable people plus de surname include:

* Daniel Adade (born 1995), Ghanaian footballer
* Foli Adade (born 1991), Ghanaian footballer
* Nicholas Yaw Boafo Adade (1927–2013), Ghanaian judge
Warsh

**Abu Sa'id Uthman Ibn Sa‘id al-Qebṭi**, dem better know as **Warsh** (110-197AH), na he be a significant figure insyd de history of Quranic recitation (*qira'at*), de canonical methods of reciting de Qur'an. Alongside Qalun, he be one of de two primary transmitters of de canonical reading method of Nafi‘ al-Madani. Togeda, dema style be de most common form of Qur'anic recitation insyd de generality of African mosques outsyd of Egypt, wey e sanso be popular insyd Yemen den Darfur despite de rest of Sudan dey follow de method of Hafs. De method of Warsh den ein counterpart Qalun sanso be de most popular method of recitation insyd Al-Andalus. De majority of printed Mushafs today insyd North Africa den West Africa dey follow de reading of Warsh.

## Biography
Dem born Imam Warsh (110-197AH) Uthman Ibn Sa‘id al-Qibṭi insyd Egypt. Dem call am Warsh, a substance of milk, by ein teacher Naafi' secof he be light skinned. He learn ein recitation from Naafi' at Medina. After finishing ein education, he return to Egypt wer he cam be de senior reciter of de Quran. He die insyd 812CE.

## Comparison of Warsh den Hafs recitation

## References
Addo (surname)

**Addo** be a Ghanaian surname. Notable people plus de (Asante, Ga den Akuapim dialect) surname include:

* Aaron Addo Dankwah (born 1993), Ghanaian footballer
* Adeline Akufo-Addo (1917–2004), Nana Akufo-Addo ein mommie
* Addoquaye Addo (born 1985), Ghanaian footballer
* Charles Addo Odametey (1937–2006), Ghanaian footballer
* Daniel Addo (footballer, born 1976), Ghanaian footballer
* Daniel Addo (footballer, born 1987), Ghanaian footballer
* Daniel Addo (soldier), Ghanaian soldier den politician
* Daniel Ashley Addo (born 1989), Ghanaian footballer
* David Addo (born 1983), Ghanaian footballer
* D. K. Addo, Ghanaian military personnel
* Ebenezer Kwadwo Teye Addo, Ghanaian politician
* Edmund Addo (born 2000), Ghanaian football player
* Edward Akufo-Addo (1906–1979), lawyer, former presido of Ghana
* Elijah Amoo Addo (born 1990), Ghanaian chef
* Elizabeth Addo (born 1993), Ghanaian footballer
* Emmanuel Nii Akwei Addo (1943–2017), Ghanaian lawyer
* Eric Addo (born 1978), Ghanaian footballer
* Farah Weheliye Addo (1935/1940–2008), Somali sports administrator
* Felix E. Addo (born 1955), Ghanaian executive
* Frimpong Yaw Addo (born 1962), Ghanaian politician
* G. Bedu-Addo, Ghanaian military personnel
* Grace Addo (born 1960), Ghanaian politician
* Herbert Addo (1951–2017), Ghanaian association football manager
* Irene Naa Torshie Addo (born 1970), Ghanaian politician
* Ishmael Addo (born 1982), Ghanaian footballer
* Joan Anim-Addo, Grenadian poet
* Joe Addo (born 1971), Ghanaian footballer
* Joseph Addo (footballer born 1990) (born 1990), Ghanaian footballer
* Josephine Hilda Addo, Ghanaian politician
* Joyce Bamford-Addo (born 1937), Ghanaian judge den politician
* J. S. Addo, Ghanaian economist
* Julius Sarkodee-Addo (1908–1972), Ghanaian judge
* Kwaku Sakyi-Addo, Ghanaian journalist
* Kwakye Addo (born 1951), Ghanaian politician
* Kwame Addo-Kufuor (born 1940), Ghanaian politician den physician
* Marylyn Addo (born 1970), German virologist
* Mercy Bampo Addo, Ghanaian diplomat
* Nana Akua Addo, Ghanaian model
* Nana Akufo-Addo (born 1944), Ghanaian lawyer den politician
* Osman Addo (born 2004), Danish footballer
* Otto Addo (born 1975), Ghanaian-German footballer
* Paul Addo (born 1990), Ghanaian footballer
* Ransford Addo (born 1983), Ghanaian footballer
* Rebecca Akufo-Addo (born 1951), Ghanaian public figure
* Simon Addo (born 1974), Ghanaian footballer

## References
Witr

**Witr** (Arabic: وتر) be an Islamic prayer (*salat*) wey dem dey perform at night after *[[Isha (prayer)|Isha]]* (night-time prayer) anaa before *[[Fajr (prayer)|fajr]]* (dawn prayer). Witr get an odd number of *[[Rak'a|raka'at]]* dem pray in pairs, plus de final raka'ah dem pray separately.

According to Abdullah ibn Umar, Muhammad: "*The night prayer is offered as two raka'at followed by two raka'at and so on and if anyone is afraid of the approaching dawn (fajr prayer), he should pray one raka'ah and this will be a witr for all the raka'at which he has prayed before.*"

Insyd a *hadith* dem transmit by Abu Darda, he dey state say Muhammad tell am to do three things: to fast three days every month, to offer de witr salat before sleep, den to offer two raka'at sunnah for fajr.

Der be a *hadith* wey dey say dat de best time for de witr salat be at night, den dat those wey dey fear dat dem no go fi be able to awake, anaa fi die insyd dema sleep, for perform de prayer before sleeping.

Ali ibn Abi Talib say, "*The witr prayer is not required like your obligatory prayers but the Prophet would perform the witr prayer and say, 'O you people of the [[Quran]], perform the witr prayer, for [[Allah]] is One and He loves the witr.'"*(dis be rated as daif (Weak)) 

## Name variations

## References


## Sources
*Translation  of *Sahih Bukhari*, Book 16: Witr Prayer Hadith no 111, 112
*The Witr prayer
Funeral prayer (Islam)

***Ṣalāt al-Janāzah*** (Arabic: صلاة الجنازة) be de Islamic funeral prayer dem dey perform give a deceased Muslim. E be performed insyd congregation to seek pardon give de deceased den all dead Muslims, wey e be a communal obligation (*farḍ al-kifāya*) upon all able-bodied Muslims; wey dey mean if sam Muslims take de responsibility of conducting de prayer, then de obligation be fulfilled, buh if dis obligation no be fulfilled by anyone, all Muslims go be accountable.

## History den origin

De funeral prayer (*Salat al-Janazah*) as a distinct ritual begin plus de Islamic Prophet Muhammad den de early Muslim community insyd Medina. De earliest accounts of dis prayer describe am as a simple act of supplication den remembrance give de deceased, wich na be very different from pre-Islamic funerals, wich na often be accompanied by wailing den lamentations. Na dem establish de practice to offer a final act of honour den intercession give a fellow Muslim before burial. E be a key part of de Islamic funeral process, wey dey signify de community ein collective support den prayer give de deceased ein forgiveness.

## Description

After washing de body thoroughly (ghusl) den shrouding am, dem dey arrange de congregation in rows, often insyd odd numbers, wey an imam position at de front facing de qibla. De body of de deceased be placed before de imam, den insyd cases wey dey involve multiple bodies, dem be arranged in sequence. De prayer be most commonly performed insyd an open area, although e sanso fi be conducted insyd a mosque. Unlike de five daily prayers, de funeral prayer no dey include bowing (*ruku*) anaa prostration (*sujud*).

### Procedure
De structure of de Salat al Janazah dey differ from region to region, buh classical sources dey describe a generally consistent form. E be performed while standing den usually dey consist of:

# First takbir: Recitation of *al Fatiha* be prescribed insyd chaw traditions, though Hanafi practice dey substitute de *thana* (an introductory supplication).
# Second takbir: dey invoke Salutations (Salawat) upon Muhammad den ein family.
# Third takbir: dem dey make supplications give de deceased den for all deceased Muslims, wey dey ask for forgiveness, divine mercy, den elevation of rank insyd de Hereafter.
# Fourth takbir: dem dey conclude de prayer plus de final salutation (*taslim*).

Following de completion of de funeral prayer, dem dey take de body to de place of burial, wer dem dey lay am to rest according to Islamic rites.

## Exceptions
According to an authentic hadith, Muhammad no perform funeral prayer of a person wey commit suicide;

## References


## External links

* After Death Rituals
Tashahhud

De ***Tashahhud*** (Arabic: تَشَهُّد, wey dey mean "testimony [of faith]"), dem sanso know as **at-Tahiyyat** (Arabic: ٱلتَّحِيَّات), be de portion of de Muslim prayer wer de person dey kneel anaa dey tap on de ground drn dey face de *qibla* (direction of Mecca), dey glorify God, den dey greet Muhammad den de "righteous servants of God" wey be followed by de two testimonials. De recitation usually be followed by an invocation of de blessings den peace upon Muhammad dem know as *Salawat*.

## Origins

Der be a hadith wey dey state:

## Sunni tradition

### Hanafi den Hanbali
A version dem attribute to Abdullah ibn Masud insyd Sahih al-Bukhari wey Sunni Muslims use from both de Hanafi den de Hanbali schools, as well as de non-Sunni Ibadi Muslims:

### Maliki
A version dem attribute to Umar wey de Maliki school use, as dem find insyd Malik ein Al-Muwatta:

### Shafi'i
A version dem attribute to Ibn Abbas wey de Shafi'i school use, as dem find insyd Sahih Muslim:

## Shia tradition

### Jafari
De Twelver Shias of de Ja'fari school dey recite de Tashahhud as:

De Tashahhud be followed by de *Salam*. De bare minimum be to say "*as-salamu ʿalaykum*" (Arabic: ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ, lit. 'peace be upon you'). E be highly recommended, though, to add "*wa-raḥmatu -llāhi wa-barakātuh*" (Arabic: وَرَحْمَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ, lit. 'and God's mercy and blessings') 

E be highly recommended, though, to recite insyd de *Salam* of de prayer:

E sanso be recommended to say "Bismi-millahi wa billahi wa al-hamdulillahi wa khairil asma'ilillah" before tashahud. After de tashahud, dem sanso fi say, "wa taqabbal shafa'atahu warfa' darajatahu".Making a lot of dua den dhikr insyd tashahud be a prophetic sunnah according to Zafari Madhjab.

### Zaidi
For de Zaidi, de middle Tashahhud after de second rakʿah be recited as:

After de last rakʿah, de Zaidi dey recite de Tashahhud insyd ein full formula:

## References


## External links

* Learn how to Recite Tashahhud
Adhan

De ***adhan*** ([ʔaˈðaːn], Arabic: أَذَان, romanized: *ʔaḏān*) be de Islamic call to prayer, usually be recited by a muezzin, traditionally from de minaret of a mosque, shortly before each of de five obligatory daily prayers.

E be de first call wey dey summon Muslims to enter de mosque for obligatory (*fard*) prayers (*salawat*); a second call, dem know as de *[[iqama]]*, dey summon those already insyd de mosque to assemble for prayer. Dem dey encourage Muslims to stop dema activities den respond to de adhan by performing prescribed prayers, demonstrating reverence give de call to prayer den commitment to dema faith.

De five prayer times dem know insyd Arabic as *[[Fajr (prayer)|fajr]]* (فجر), *[[Dhuhr (prayer)|dhuhr]]* (ظهر), *[[Asr (prayer)|asr]]* (عصر), *[[Maghrib prayer|maghrib]]* (مغرب), den *[[Isha (prayer)|isha]]* (عشاء). Insyd Turkey, dem be called , den ; dem dey sing de five calls to prayer insyd different makams, wey dey correspond to de time of day. On Fridays, de dhuhr (ظهر) be called de Jummah prayer (جمعة) anaa friday prayer. E be considered de most important prayer of Islam. Insyd Turkey, dem dey call Jummah *cuma namazı*.

## Etymology

E be commonly written as *athan*, anaa *adhane* (insyd French), *azān* insyd Iran den parts of South Asia (insyd Persian, Pashto, Balochi, Hindi, Bengali, Urdu, den Punjabi), *adzan* insyd Southeast Asia (Indonesian den Malaysian), den *ezan* insyd Turkish, Bosnian, den Serbo-Croatian Latin (езан insyd Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic den Bulgarian, ezani insyd Albanian). Muslims insyd chaw parts of South Asia, wey dey include de Malabar Coast of India den de Punjab region of India den Pakistan, use de Persian term , *bāng*, give de call to public prayer.

Anoda derivative of de word *adhān* be *ʾudhun* (), wey dey mean 'ear'.

## Words

On rare situations wer der be a serious danger to people going outsyd to congregate insyd mosques like heavy weather, anaa pandemics such as during COVID-19, de muezzin fi say "*ṣallū fī buyūtikum*" (ْصَلُّوا فِي بُيُوتِكُم, pray insyd your homes) anaa "*ṣallū fī riḥālikum*" (ْصَلُّوا فِي رِحَالِكُم, pray insyd your dwellings) after "*ḥayya ʿala ṣ-ṣalāh*" den "*ḥayya ʿala l-falāḥ*".

## References


## External links

* Adhan from the Grand Mosque (Masjid al Haram) recited by Sheikh Ali Ahmed Mulla
* Adhan from the Prophet's Mosque (Masjid Nabawi), Madinah al Munawarah
* Adhan (call for prayer) from a mosque
* Tweaking the Azaan and other measures Muslim countries have taken to combat the virus
* ''Ezan'' video at Hagia Sophia
Iqama

De ***iqama*** (Arabic: إِقَامَة, romanized: *iqāma*) be de second Islamic call to prayer, dem dey recite after de *[[adhan]]*. E dey summon those already insyd de mosque to line up for prayer (*[[salah]]*).

E be traditionally given a more rapid den less sonorous rendering dan de *adhan*, as e be intended merely to draw de attention of those already insyd de mosque, rada dan to remind those outsyd to cam insyd. Cgaw phrases of de *iqama* den *adhan* be de same, though der be variations among de schools (*madhahib*) of jurisprudence (*fiqh*) insyd de preferred number of repetitions of de phrases.

## Text

De one unique line insyd de iqama, buh no be adhan, be *qad qāmati ṣ-ṣalāh*, de announcement "de prayer be established", i.e., be about to commence. Dem dey state am just before de opening *allāhu akbar*, de formal start of prayer.

De Hanafi den Shia schools both dey use de same number of repetitions insyd both de adhan den iqama, contrary to all de oda schools.

Unlike de oda schools, de Maliki school dey recommend *qad qāmati ṣ-ṣalāh* to be said once per. Dis be based on de practice of de people of Medina during Malik ibn Anas ein time.

## Oda uses of de term iqama

*Iqāma* be de *maṣdar* form of de fourth (causative) stem (stem *af`ala*) from de triliteral root Q-W-M, wich dey relate to setting things up, carrying things out, existence, den assorted oda meanings. De word *iqāma* einself be multivalent, buh ein most common meaning outsyd de inauguration of prayer be insyd de context of immigration law, wey dey referr to a long-term visa for a foreign national. Insyd sam cases, as insyd Egypt, e be a stamp on de foreigner ein passport; insyd odas (as insyd Morocco den Saudi Arabia) e be a separate identity document insyd de form of a plastic card.

## References


## External links

* Iqamah being recited before prayer in Mecca
* Call for prayers according to the five school of thought: A Shi'ite Encyclopedia
Qiyam

**Qiyām** (Arabic: قيام, "orthostasis/standing") be an integral part of de Islamic salah. De prayer dey begin insyd de standing position den sam prayers dey require de *qiyām* per, such as Salat al-Janazah.

## Insyd de Quran

To "stand before God" sam times be used insyd de Quran in reference to de Islamic prayer.Guard strictly your (habit of) prayers, especially the Middle Prayer; and stand before Allah in a devout (frame of mind).— Quran, (2:238)

## Overview

A general unit anaa cycle of salah dem call raka'ah be commenced while standing den saying de takbir, wich be **الله أَڪْبَر** (transliteration "Allahu-akbar", wey dey mean God be Greatest). Dem dey raise de hands level plus shoulders anaa level plus top of de ears, plus fingers apart wey no be spaced out anaa togeda. E be insyd dis position wey sections of de Quran be recited.

*I'tidāl* be straightening up from ruku' to stand a second time. De back be straightened wey dem dey say de following **سمع الله لمن حمده** (transliteration “Sami' Allaahu liman hamidah”, wey dey mean “Allah dey listen den dey respond to de one wey dey praises am”). Additionally, dem dey say sam of chaw praises to God for dis situation such as **ربنا لك الحمد** (transliteration “Rabbanaa wa lakal-hamd”, wey dey mean “O wona Lord! Den all praise be give You”). Dem san dey say de takbir wey de worshipper dey move into prostration.

## Types of prayers
Insyd de five daily prayers, sunnah salat (de voluntary, additional prayers) den chaw oda prayers, *qiyām* be one part of de prayer.

Insyd salat al-Janazah, de Islamic funeral prayer wich be part of de Islamic funeral ritual, de entire prayer dey consist of *qiyām*.

## Sayings during qiyām
Dem dey do chaw of de reciting of de Quran wey dey occur during Islamic prayer while insyd *qiyām*. De first chapter of de Quran, Al-Fatiha, be recited while standing.

## References


## External links
Sujud

**Sujud** (Arabic: سُجُود, romanized: *sujūd*, pronounced [sʊˈdʒuːd]), or **sajdah** (سَجْدَة, [ˈsadʒ.da]), dem sanso know as **sijda**, **sejda** anaa **shejda**, insyd Islam be de act of low bowing anaa prostration to God facing de *qiblah* (direction of de Kaaba at Mecca). Dem usually dey do am insyd standardized prayers (salah). De position dey involve kneeling den bowing till one touch de ground plus seven bones (points): tde forehead den nose, two hands, two knees den two sets of toes. In accordance plus de Sunnah (de Way) of Muhammad, one ein elbows for be far from one ein body, unless e dey cause discomfort to oda worshippers, buh no dey rest on de ground. Sam scholars dey hold de position dat dis dey apply to men per, den dat women be encouraged to tuck dema elbows insyd out of modesty.

## Oda types of sujud

### Sajdah of thankfulness

### Sajdah of recitation / Tilawah

During recitation (tilawa) of de Qur'an, wey dey include individual den congregation prayers, der be fifteen places wer Muslims dey believe, wen Muhammad recite a certain verse (*ayah*), he prostrate to God. De verses be:

: ۩ Q7:206, al Aʿrāf
: ۩ Q13:15, ar-Raʻd
: ۩ Q16:49, an-Nahl
: ۩ Q17:107, al-Isra
: ۩ Q19:58, Maryam
: ۩ Q22:18, al-Hajj
: ۩ Q22:77, al-Hajj
: ۩ Q25:60, al-Furqan
: ۩ Q27:25, an-Naml
: ۩ Q32:15, as-Sajda
: ۩ Q38:24, Ṣād
: ۩ Q41:37, Fussilat
: ۩ Q53:62, an-Najm
: ۩ Q84:21, al-Inshiqaq
: ۩ Q96:19, al-Alaq

### Sajdah of forgetfulness
**Sujud Sahwi** anaa Sajdah of forgetfulness dey occur during de ritual *salat* prayer. Out of forgetfulness a person fi either omit obligatory parts of salat (Qabli) anaa add to de salat (Ba'adi). Insyd either cases de person correct dema salat by doing de Sujud Sahwi.

## Direction of prostration
Dem dey make sujud to God per. Insyd prayer, Muslims dey face de Kaaba insyd Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

## References


## External links

* USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts 
* Detailed study of the word "SuJuD" in The Quran
Tawny grassbird

De **tawny grassbird** (***Cincloramphus timoriensis***) be a large songbird dat be a member of de family Locustellidae commonly found insyd grassland den reedbed habitats. E be streaked above den has a distinctive rich brown cap. Ein underside be paler den e dey have a long graduated tail. They call often plus "loud, grumpy churring calls den a longer call dat starts *tick-tick-tick-tick* and ends plus an explosive descending trill".

De tawny grassbird has 10 identified sub-species found insyd Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea den de Philippines.

## Taxonomy
De family *Locustellidae* be named by Bonaparte insyd 1854 den be derived from de genus name *Locustella* named by Kemp insyd 1829. De term "grassbird" be used by Gould during de mid 19th century to signify a strong correlation to long grass habitats. De tawny grassbird has sana been known as tawny sphenoeacus, grassbird, tawny or rufous-capped marshbird, rufous-capped grass-warbler den rufous-capped grassbird. Grass-warbler tends to be used insyd Asia rather than Australia. Genetic studies indicate a close relationship to songlarks.

De tawny grassbird has 10 identified subspecies

* *Cincloramphus timoriensis timoriensis* (Timor, Lesser Sundas.)
* *Cincloramphus timoriensis tweeddale*i (n and c Philippines)
* *Cincloramphus timoriensis alopex* (Bohol, Leyte and Cebu, c Philippines.)
* *Cincloramphus timoriensis amboinensis* (Ambon, s Moluccas)
* *Cincloramphus timoriensis crex* (s Philippines)
* *Cincloramphus timoriensis mindorensis* (Mindoro, nw Philippines.)
* *Cincloramphus timoriensis celebensis* (Sulawesi)
* *Cincloramphus timoriensis inquirendus* (Sumba, Lesser Sundas.)
* *Cincloramphus timoriensis muscalis* (s New Guinea)
* *Cincloramphus timoriensis alisteri* (n and e Australia)

De sub-species  *Cincloramphus timoriensis alisteri* has been divided into *Cincloramphus timoriensis alisteri (alisteri)* located insyd Eastern Australia den *Cincloramphus timoriensis alisteri (oweni)* located insyd Northern Australia.

While de family name *Locustellidae* is generally dey accept some authorities place de tawny grassbird insyd dde family Sylviidae. Sana de genus name *Cincloramphus* be normally used but *megalurus* sana be commonly used.

## References


## External links

* Birdlife International, Species factsheet.
Islamic University of Madinah

De **Islamic University of Madinah** (Arabic: الجامعة الإسلامية بالمدينة المنورة) be a public Islamic university insyd Medina, Saudi Arabia. King Saud bin Abdulaziz establish am insyd 1961. Dem say dis institution be associate plus Salafism, while dey claim to have export Salafi-inclined theologians around de world. Odas disagree den state say de institution be objective den scientific, be detached to any singular ideology. E receive institutional academic accreditation widout exceptions from de National Commission for Academic Accreditation and Assessment insyd April 2017. Na renowned Islamic scholar Maududi involve insyd de establishment den management of de university.

## Colleges
Pure Islamic Colleges

* Shari'ah (Islamic Law)
* Holy Qur-an Studies
* Noble Hadith Studies
* Creed and Propagation

Scientific Colleges

* Sciences
* Computing
* Engineering

Arts Colleges

* Regulations & Economics
* Literature & Humanities

## Community Education & eLearning
Often, dem dey offer law, accounting den language courses online anaa in-person for public.

## Notable alumni

* Ja'afar Mahmud Adam
* Mishari bin Rashid Alafasy
* Abdul Hadi Awang
* Muhammad Ayyub
* Jusuf Barčić, Bosnian Shaykh
* Dr. Abdul Majeed Abdul Bari – Former Minister of Islamic Affairs, Maldives
* Khalid Basalamah
* Syafiq Riza Basalamah
* Abdur Razzaq Iskander
* Ali Abdullah Jaber
* Abdullah Awad Al Juhany
* Omar Abedeen Qasmi Madani, Indian Islamic scholar
* Rabee al-Madkhali
* Mufti Menk –  De Grand Mufti of Zimbabwe
* Sajjad Nomani
* Bilal Philips
* Yasir Qadhi
* Dr. Mohamed Shaheem Ali Saeed – Minister of Islamic Affairs, Maldives
* Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i
* Hidayat Nur Wahid – Chairmo of de Indonesian People's Consultative Assembly (2004–2009), Islamic scholar plus pluralistic view.
* Ali Warsame, Somali Islamic scholar den preacher

## References



## External links

* Official University Website (English and Arabic)
* Official Website of The University's British Students  (English)
Adiyiah

**Adiyiah** be a Ghanaian surname. Notable people plus de surname include:

* Dominic Adiyiah (born 1989), Ghanaian footballer
* Richard Akuoko Adiyiah (1955–2022), Ghanaian politician