Refugee camp

A** refugee camp** be a temporary settlement dem build make dem receive refugees den people insyd refugee-like situations. Refugee camps usually dey accommodate displaced people wey dem flee dema home country, buh dem sanso dey make camps give internally displaced people. Usually, refugees dey seek asylum after na dem escape war insyd dema home countries, buh sam camps sanso dey house environmental den economic migrants. Camps plus over a hundred thousand people be common, buh as of 2012, de average-sized camp house around 11,400. Dem be usually built den run by a government, de United Nations, international organizations (such as de International Committee of the Red Cross), anaa non-governmental organization. Unofficial refugee camps, such as Idomeni insyd Greece anaa de Calais jungle insyd France, be wer na refugees be largely left widout de support of governments anaa international organizations.

Refugee camps generally dey develop insyd an impromptu fashion plus de aim of meeting basic human needs for a short time per. Facilities wey dey make a camp look anaa feel more permanent often be prohibited by host country governments. If na dem prevent de return of refugees (often by civil war), a humanitarian crisis fi result anaa continue.

According to UNHCR, chaw refugees worldwide no dey live insyd refugee camps. At de end of 2015, sam 67% of refugees around de world live insyd individual, private accommodations. Dis fi be partly explained by de high number of Syrian refugees wey dey rent apartments insyd urban agglomerations across de Middle East. Worldwide, na dem report slightly over a quarter (25.4%) of refugees dem dey live insyd managed camps. At de end of 2015, about 56% of de total refugee population insyd rural locations reside insyd a managed camp, compared to de 2% wey reside insyd individual accommodation. Insyd urban locations, de overwhelming majority (99%) of refugees live insyd individual accommodations, dem compare plus less dan 1% wey live insyd a managed camp. A small percentage of refugees sanso dey live insyd collective centres, transit camps, den self-settled camps.

Despite 74% of refugees dey insyd urban areas, de service delivery model of international humanitarian aid agencies remain focused on de establishment den operation of refugee camps.

## Facilities
De average camp size wey UNHCR recommend for be  per person of de accessible camp area. Within dis area, dem usually dey find de following facilities:

* An administrative headquarters make e coordinate services fi be insyd anaa outsyd de actual camp.
* Sleeping accommodations frequently be tents, prefabricated huts, anaa dwellings dem construct of locally available materials. UNHCR  dey recommend a minimum of 3.5 m2 of covered living area per person. Shelters for be at least 2&nbsp;m apart.
* Gardens dem attach to de family plot: UNHCR dey recommend a plot size of 15&nbsp;m2 per person.
* Hygiene facilities, such as washing areas, latrines, anaa toilets: UNHCR dey recommend one shower per 50 persons den one communal latrine per 20 persons. Distance for de latter for be no more dan 50 meters from de shelter den no be closer dan 6&nbsp;m. Dem for separate hygiene facilities by gender.
* Places for water collection: Either water tanks wer water be off-loaded from trucks (then filtered den potentially treated plus disinfectant chemicals such as chlorine), anaa water tap stands wey be connected to boreholes dem dey need. UNHCR dey recommend 20&nbsp; L of water per person den one tap stand per 80 persons wey for no be farther dan 200 m away from households.
* Clinics, hospitals den immunization centres: UNHCR dey recommend one health centre per 20,000 persons den one referral hospital per 200,000 persons.
* Food distribution den therapeutic feeding centres: UNHCR dey recommend one food distribution centre per 5,000 persons den one feeding centre per 20,000 persons.
* Communication equipment (e.g. radio): Sam long-standing camps get dema own radio stations.
* Security, wey dey include protection from banditry (e.g. barriers den security checkpoints) den peacekeeping troops make dem prevent armed violence: Police stations fi be outsyd de actual camp.
* Schools den training centres: UNHCR dey recommend one school per 5,000 persons.

* Markets den shops: UNHCR dey recommend one marketplace per 20,000 persons.

Schools den markets fi be prohibited by de host country ein government make e discourage refugees from settling permanently insyd camps. Chaw refugee camps sanso get:

* Cemeteries anaa crematoria
* Locations for solid waste disposal: Dem for provide one 100 L rubbish container per 50 persons den one refuses pit per 500 persons.
* Reception anaa transit centre wer refugees initially arrive den register before dem be allowed into de camp: Reception centres fi be outsyd de camps den closer to de border of de country wer refugees enter.
* Churches anaa oda religious centres anaa places of worship

To understand den monitor an emergency over a period of time, de development den organisation of de camps fi be tracked by satellite, den analyzed by GIS.

## Food rations
De World Food Programme (WFP) dey provide food rations twice a month: 2,100 calories/person/day. Ideally, e for be:
*  whole grain (maize anaa sorghum)
*  milled grain (wheat flour)
* 1.5 tablespoons vegetable oil
* 1 teaspoon salt
* 3 tablespoons pulses (beans anaa lentils)
Diet be insensitive to cultural differences den household needs. WFP be frequently unable make e provide all of dese staples, thus dem dey distribute calories thru whatever commodity be available, e.g. maize flour per. Up to 90% of de refugees sell part anaa chaw of dema chow ration make dem get cash. Loss of de ration card dey mean no entitlement to food. Insyd 2015, na de WFP introduce electronic vouchers.
## Refugee camps by country den population

## References


## External links

*An Assessment of Sphere Humanitarian Standards for Shelter and Settlement Planning in Kenya's Dadaab Refugee Camps
*Camp Management Toolkit published by Norwegian Refugee Council
*Humanitarian Library Resource for organisations responding to the transitional settlement and shelter needs of displaced populations
*Refugee Camp in the Heart of the City. An awareness-raising touring event organized by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)
*Thai-Cambodian Border Camps
* The open source and open hardware OLPC One School Per Child Initiative link Refugee Camps
*U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants' Campaign to End Refugee Warehousing in refugee camps around the world, people are confined to their settlement and denied their basic rights.
*UNHCR – The UN Refugee Agency – Data Sharing Tool – Interactive map and passport of every refugee camp, data sharing tool updated by every organisation in the camp