Madhhab

A ***madhhab*** (Arabic: مَذْهَب, romanized: *madhhab*, lit. 'way to act', IPA: [ˈmaðhab], pl. مَذَاهِب, *madhāhib*, [ˈmaðaːhib])  dey refer to any school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence. De major Sunni *madhhab* be Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, den Hanbali. Dem emerge insyd de ninth den tenth centuries CE den by de twelfth century almost all Islamic jurists align demaselves plus a particular *madhhab*. Dese four schools dey recognize each oda ein validity wey na dem interact insyd legal debate over de centuries. Rulings (*Fatwa*) of dese schools be followed across de Muslim world widout exclusive regional restrictions, buh dem each cam to dominate insyd different parts of de world.

For example, de Maliki school be predominant insyd North den West Africa; de Hanafi school insyd South den Central Asia; de Shafi'i school insyd East Africa den Southeast Asia; den de Hanbali school insyd North den Central Arabia. De first centuries of Islam sanso witness a number of short-lived Sunni *madhhabs*. De Zahiri school, wich be considered to be endangered, continue to exert influence over legal thought. De development of Shia legal schools occur along de lines of theological differences wey e result in de formation of de Ja'fari *madhhab* amongst Twelver Shias, as well as de Isma'ili den Zaydi *madhhabs* amongst Isma'ilis den Zaydis respectively, whose differences from Sunni legal schools be roughly of de same order as de differences among Sunni schools. De Ibadi legal school, distinct from Sunni den Shia *madhhabs*, be predominant insyd Oman. Unlike Sunnis, Shias, den Ibadis, non-denominational Muslims no be affiliated plus any *madhhab*.

Na de transformations of Islamic legal institutions insyd de modern era have profound implications for de *madhhab* system. Plus de spread of codified state laws insyd de Muslim world, de influence of de *madhhabs* beyond personal ritual practice dey depend on de status accorded to dem within de national legal system. State law codification commonly draw on rulings from multiple *madhhabs*, den legal professionals dem train insyd modern law schools largely replace traditional *ulama* as interpreters of de resulting laws. Insyd de 20th century, sam jurists begin to assert dema intellectual independence from traditional *madhhabs*. Plus de spread of Salafi influence den reformist currents insyd de 20th century; a handful of Salafi scholars assert independence from being strictly bound by de traditional legal mechanisms of de four schools. Nevertheless, de majority of Sunni scholarship continue to uphold post-classical creedal belief insyd rigorously adhering (*taqlid*) to one of de four schools insyd all legal details.

De Amman Message, wich be endorsed insyd 2005 by prominent Islamic scholars around de world, recognize four Sunni schools (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali), two Shia schools (Ja'fari, Zaydi), de Ibadi school, den de Zahiri school. Schools of Islamic jurisprudence dey locate insyd Pakistan, Iran, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Egypt, Turkey, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Russia, China, de Philippines, Algeria, Libya, Saudi Arabia, den multiple oda countries.

## References

### Sources
* 
* Branon Wheeler, Applying the Canon in Islam: The Authorization and Maintenance of Interpretive Reasoning in Ḥanafī Scholarship, SUNY Press, 1996.

=Read further ==
*

## External links