open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sizani Dlamini-Dubazana

**Zephroma Sizani Dlamini-Dubazana** be a South African politician den African National Congress member who serve as a Member of de National Assembly of South Africa from 2009 to 2019. Dlamini-Dubazana be known for a supporter of de former ANC president den President of South Africa, Jacob Zuma.

## Early life den education
Dlamini-Dubazana be from de Nkumba village insyd Bulwer. She graduate from de University of South Africa plus a Bachelor of Arts insyd Nursing Science (B Cur) insyd 1984 den work as a nursing lecturer between 1990 den 1994.

## Political career
Dlamini-Dubazana serve insyd de underground structures of de African National Congress when de party be banned den be a member of de United Democratic Front between 1982 den 1989. She be a member of de KwaZulu-Natal ANC Provincial Executive Committee as well as de Provincial Working Committee den chair de Economic Transformation PEC sub-committee.

## Parliamentary career
Dlamini-Dubazana top de ANC KwaZulu-Natal province-to-national list insyd de 2009 general election den so elect to a seat insyd de National Assembly of South Africa. During ein first term insyd de National Assembly, she be chief whip of de Standing Committee on Auditor-General. She re-elect to ein seat insyd Parliament insyd de 2014 general election, rank 8th on de ANC province-to-national list. After ein re-election, she assign to serve on de Committee On Auditor-General den de Portfolio Committee on Public Service den Administration, Performance Monitoring & Evaluation.

Insyd 2015, Dlamini-Dubazana den multiple oda ANC MPs vote for a report by de Minister of Police Nathi Nhleko dat absolve President Jacob Zuma of pay any money towards de controversial multimillion-rand upgrades at de Nkandla homestead, ein private home insyd KwaZulu-Natal.

Insyd August 2017, Dlamini-Dubazana den four oda ANC MPs boycott a meeting of de Portfolio Committee on Public Service den Administration, Performance Monitoring & Evaluation wey outspoken Zuma critic Dr Makhosi Khoza chair. ANC chief whip den Chief Whip of de Majority Party Jackson Mthembu condemn demma actions.

Dlamini-Dubazana no place on any ANC candidate list for de 2019 South African general election den lef parliament at de election as result.

## 2022 ANC presidential campaign
Insyd May 2022, e report say party members insyd KwaZulu-Natal start lobby for de nomination of Dlamini-Dubazana as presidential candidate before ANC ein 55th National Conference insyd December 2022. Dlamini-Dubazana campaign on appoint youthful ANC members as deputy ministers, oppose ANC ein current cadre deployment policy, den empower women. But ein presidential campaign no reach de amount of branch nominations wey she for get to make dem include ein name insyd ANC Electoral Committee ein consolidated list of candidates nominate for de “Top Six” leadership positions, insyd November 2022 before de national conference.

## References
Lindelwa Dunjwa

**Mary-Ann Lindelwa Dunjwa** be a South African politician from de Eastern Cape. A member of de African National Congress, she be elected to de National Assembly insyd 2009. After ein re-election insyd 2014, she become de Chairperson of de Portfolio Committee on Health, a position she held until 2019, when she be elected Chairperson of de Portfolio Committee on Employment den Labour. She be re-elected to Parliament insyd de 2024 general election den then elected to chair de Portfolio Committee on Women, Youth  den Persons plus Disabilities before she be elected chairperson of de Chairperson of de Joint Multi-Party Women ein Caucus.

## Political career
Dunjwa be a member of de African National Congress. Prior to de 2009 general election, she be ranked 17th on de ANC ein regional-to-national list. At de election, she win a seat insyd de National Assembly. She be a member of de Portfolio Committee on Science den Technology, a party whip, den de ANC ein constituency contact for its Greenbushes constituency office during de 2009–2014 parliamentary term.

Dunjwa significantly be moved up on de ANC ein regional-to-national list for de 2014 general election. She top de list, meaning dat she easily be re-elected to parliament at de election. She then be elected chairperson of de Portfolio Committee on Health. Insyd August 2015, Dunjwa voted for a report by de Minister of Police, Nathi Nhleko dat exonerated President Jacob Zuma of paying any money towards de controversial multimillion-rand upgrades at de Nkandla homestead, ein private home insyd KwaZulu-Natal.

For de 2019 general election, Dunjwa be 6th on de ANC ein regional-to-national list. She be re-elected at de election  den then elected Chairperson of de newly established Portfolio Committee on Employment den Labour.

Dunjwa be re-elected to de National Assembly insyd de 2024 general election. She be elected chairperson of de Portfolio Committee on Women, Youth den Persons plus Disabilities afterwards. She resign as chair of de committee insyd October 2024 den be elected to chair de Joint Multi-Party Women ein Caucus.

## References
Zukisa Faku

**Zukisa Cheryl Faku** (born 1965) be South African politician den convicted fraudster from Eastern Cape. She be member of de African National Congress, Faku serve as de mayor of de Buffalo City Local Municipality. Insyd 2013 she be elected to take seat insyd National Council of Provinces. De next year, she be elected to de National Assembly of South Africa. Na dem convict Faku of fraud insyd 2016 but she still remain Member of Parliament. She resign from parliament shortly after her re-election insyd 2019.

## Early life
Dem born Faku insyd Duncan Village outside East London insyd 1965. When she be five years old, she den ein family force to relocate to de Mdantsane township due to de Group Areas Act institute by de white minority government. She later train to be a teacher den work as one until she become involve insyd politics.

## Political career
Faku be an ANC councillor den serve as de mayor of de Buffalo City Local Municipality until de 2011 municipal elections. Insyd April 2013, Faku select to go to de National Council of Provinces, de upper house of de South African parliament, to fill de casual vacancy dat arise follow de resignation of Siphiwo Mazosiwe. A year later, Faku elect to de lower house of parliament, de National Assembly, insyd dat year's general elections. She appoint to both de Portfolio Committee on Mineral Resources den de Portfolio Committee on Energy, of which she make whip.

Insyd March 2016, Faku convict on nine counts of fraud den theft‚ stem from ein tenure as mayor when she use ein official municipal credit card for personal purchases while on business trips to Turkey den insyd South Africa insyd 2009. Faku maintain dat she be unaware dat she no be allowed to use de credit card for private purchases. Insyd September, Faku sentence to three years of house arrest den community service at an old-age home insyd Cambridge. De ANC welcome ein sentencing plus ANC chief whip Jackson Mthembu say dat Faku cannot continue to serve as an MP because of ein criminal conviction.

Faku then start ein process to appeal de ruling den continue serve as ANC MP until de 2019 general election where she re-elect to ein second term insyd de National Assembly. Faku then name as ANC ein nominee for chairperson of de Portfolio Committee on Basic Education, but ein nomination later withdraw den de former Northern Cape MEC for Sports, Arts den Culture Bongiwe Mbinqo-Gigaba select to be committee chairperson. Faku resign from Parliament on 5 July 2019, less than two months after de election, after de ANC force her to resign even though she still dey appeal. De Democratic Alliance, de official opposition insyd parliament, call for probe into how Faku elect as ANC MP insyd de May election despite ein fraud conviction.

## References
Ndaba Gcwabaza

**Ndabakayise Erasmus Gcwabaza** (born 8 July 1954) be a South African politician den former anti-apartheid activist who represent de African National Congress (ANC) insyd de National Assembly from 2004 to 2019. First elect insyd April 2004, he represent de KwaZulu-Natal constituency.

During apartheid time, Gcwabaza be member of de regional executive committee of de United Democratic Front for Southern Natal from 1984 go 1991. After he join de underground movement of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) insyd 1988, he convene one MK unit for Klaarwater den help establish another one for Hammarsdale. After ANC plus oda anti-apartheid organisations unban insyd 1990, he become chairperson of de ANC ein new branch for Klaarwater from 1990 to 1994, den he be secretary of de Pinetown branch of de South African Communist Party from 1996 to 1998.

## References


## External links
* Ndabakayise Erasmus Gcwabaza at People's Assembly
South African nationality law

**South African nationality law** dey detail de conditions by wich a person be a national of South Africa. De primary law wey dey govern nationality requirements be de South African Citizenship Act, 1995, wich na cam into force on 6 October 1995.

Any person wey be born to at least one South African parent receive citizenship at birth. Dem dey permit kiddies dem born to a legal resident of de country to South African citizenship only wen na dem reach de age of majority. Dem fi grant foreign nationals citizenship after dem meet a residence requirement (usually five years).

South Africa be composed of chaw former British colonies dem conquer wey na dem settle during den very shortly after de 19th century, wey na dema residents be British subjects. After na dem combine dese colonies into de Union of South Africa wey na dem elevate as a Dominion within de British Empire insyd 1910, na dem grant South Africa more autonomy over time wey na dem gradually cam be independent from de United Kingdom. While South Africans no longer be British citizens, dem continue to hold favoured status wen dem reside insyd de UK; as Commonwealth citizens, South Africans be eligible to vote insyd UK elections den serve insyd public office der.

## Dey acquire South African nationality
Nationality fi be obtained insyd South Africa at birth anaa later in life thru naturalisation.

### By birth

### By naturalisation

## History

### Dutch colonial rule (1652–1814)

### British colonial rule den early period of de Union of South Africa (1814–1949)

### Independent Commonwealth country (1949–1961)

### Apartheid republic (1961–1991)

### Post-Apartheid republic (1991–present)

## References



### Bibliography

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## External links
* South African Department of Home Affairs
* SA Citizenship Act no 88 1995
* SA Citizenship Amendment Act 17 2004
* South African Government Services: Application for dual nationality
* NO. 88 OF 1995 – SOUTH AFRICAN CITIZENSHIP ACT, 1995
* South African Department of Home Affairs: citizenship forms
*  Dept. of Home Affairs: How to Apply for SA citizenship
Donald Gumede

**Donald Mlindwa Gumede** (born 30 August 1950) be South African politician who represent de African National Congress (ANC) insyd de National Assembly from 1995 to 2019. He be active insyd anti-apartheid movement plus trade union movement during apartheid.

## Early life den activism
Dem born am on 30 August 1950, Gumede be son of Archie Gumede plus grandson of Josiah Gumede—both ANC stalwarts. He be involved insyd anti-apartheid activism through de United Democratic Front insyd de 1980s den be founding member of de Congress of South African Trade Unions. He hold Bachelor ein degree from University of the Western Cape.

## Legislative career
Gumede join de National Assembly insyd early 1995, filling a casual vacancy. He be elected to a full term insyd de assembly insyd de 1999 general election den thereafter served four terms insyd ein seat, gaining re-election insyd 2004, 2009, 2014. Initially listed on de ANC ein national party, he represented de KwaZulu-Natal constituency during ein last two terms insyd de assembly.

## References



## External links
* Mr Donald Mlindwa Gumede at People's Assembly
Patekile Holomisa

Inkosi **Sango Patekile Holomisa** (born 26 August 1959) be an ANC politician den de Deputy Minister of Correctional Services insyd South Africa, having been de Deputy Minister of Labour before.

## References
Lerumo Kalako

**Mziwamadoda Uppington "Lerumo" Kalako** (born 12 December 1955) be South African politician who represent de African National Congress (ANC) insyd de National Assembly from 1999 to 2009 den from 2014 to 2019. He be elected insyd 1999 general election den be re-elected insyd 2004. After hiatus from de legislature, he return insyd 2014 general election, rank second on ANC ein provincial party list for de Western Cape. He sanso serve as ANC ein whip insyd Portfolio Committee on Communications plus Digital Technologies from 2014 to 2015.

During apartheid, Kalako imprison on Robben Island for eight years between 1978 den 1986. During de first democratic Parliament, he be member of de Western Cape Provincial Parliament den serve as Western Cape ein Member of de Executive Council (MEC) for Environmental Affairs, Nature Conservation plus Tourism.

Follow de disbandment of de ANC Provincial Executive Committee (PEC) insyd de Western Cape insyd August 2019, Kalako appoint convenor of de Interim Provincial Committee task plus prepare de provincial structure for provincial elective conference. After nearly four years insyd de position, de ANC insyd de Western Cape hold ein provincial conference insyd June 2023 where Kalako expect to stand for position of provincial chairperson, however, he decline de nomination. Ein ally, Vuyiso JJ Tyhalisisu, nominate from de conference floor den win de election for provincial chairman.

## References


## External links
* Mr Mziwamadoda Uppington Kalako at People's Assembly
Danny Kekana

**Charles Danny Kekana** (born 27 November 1954) be South African politician from Gauteng. He represent de African National Congress (ANC) insyd de National Assembly from 2004 to 2019. He be previously Mayor of Northern Johannesburg during de post-apartheid transition.

## Early life den education
Born on 27 November 1954, Kekana hold Bachelor of Arts from University of the North plus Honours degree from Witwatersrand University; he be formerly student activist. He be blind.

## Political career
Between end of apartheid plus 2000 local elections, South Africa ein democratic transition insyd local government entail dat City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality divide into four Metropolitan Local Councils. When Northern Metropolitan Council establish insyd 1995 – include Randburg plus parts of Diepkloof, Soweto, plus central Johannesburg – Kekana appoint as ein mayor. He later work at ANC ein parliamentary office insyd Diepkloof den be active insyd party ein Johannesburg, Diepkloof, plus Soweto structures, include as chairperson of Soweto subregional branch.

Insyd 2004 general election, Kekana elect to represent ANC insyd Gauteng caucus of de National Assembly. Re-elect insyd 2009 den 2014, he serve as ANC ein whip insyd Portfolio Committee on Higher Education plus Training during 26th Parliament from 2014 to 2019.

## References


## External links
* Mr Charles Danny Kekana at People's Assembly
Kwafie Festival

**Kwafie Festival** be yearly festival wey de chiefs den people of Dormaa, Berekum den Nsoatre inside Bono Region dey celebrate. Dem dey do dis festival to remember their ancestors den also for purification sake. One of de most interesting activity for de festival be how dem dey burn big bonfire for de courtyard inside. De people of Dormaa, Berekum den Nsoatre too dey celebrate am every November or December inside.

## Celebration
During de festival, visitors dey welcomed to share food den drinks. De people go wear dema traditional clothes den dem go do durbar of chiefs. Plus, dancing den drumming too dey inside. De Kwafie Festival dey celebrated for Dormaa Ahenkro, Berekum, den Nsuatre inside de Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana to remember how de ancestors bring fire come de area, wey dem talk say e be de ancestors wey migrate come dis place long time ago. De celebration dey last about three days den e fit happen for either November, December, or January.

## References
Amu Festival

**Amu** anaa de **Rice Festival** be yearly harvest festival wey de chiefs den people of Vane dey celebrate. Vane be de traditional capital for de Avatime people. E dey inside Ho West District for de Volta Region of Ghana. Dem dey usually celebrate am for de last week inside November go reach December. Some people too talk say dem dey celebrate am around September or October.

## Ein Celebration den Significance
During de festival, dem dey play drums, dance den sing. De festival dey celebrate de harvesting of brown rice, just as de name talk. De people talk say dem migrate from de Ahanta areas for de Western Region den fight take de place wey dem dey live now from de original people.

## References
Peter Khoarai

**Lefu Peter Khoarai** (born 8 March 1966) be a South African politician from de Free State. He represent de African National Congress (ANC) insyd de National Assembly from 2005 to 2019, serve de Free State constituency. Before dat, he serve briefly insyd de Free State Provincial Legislature from 2004 to 2005.

## Early life den career
Dem born am on 8 March 1966, Khoarai formerly be a youth activist insyd Rammolutsi, a township outside Viljoenskroon insyd former Orange Free State. He active insyd de Rammolutsi Youth Congress den later join de ANC Youth League. After de end of apartheid, he serve as deputy secretary of de ANC ein branch insyd Rammolutsi den as a local councillor insyd Fezile Dabi; he sanso employ as a membership officer insyd de Free State ANC.

## Legislative career
Insyd de 2004 general election, Khoarai be elected to represent de ANC insyd de Free State Provincial Legislature, where he chair de Committee on Tourism den Environmental Affairs. He serve only a year insyd ein provincial seat: on 18 May 2005, he swear insyd de Free State caucus of de National Assembly, swap seats plus Neo Masithela.

He be re-elected to full terms insyd de National Assembly insyd 2009 den 2014. He be assigned to de ANC ein constituency office insyd Viljoenskroon den serve on de Portfolio Committee on Human Settlements during de 26th Parliament.

## References



## External links
* Mr Lefu Peter Khoarai at People's Assembly
Humphrey Maxegwana

**Comely Humphrey Maqocwa Maxegwana** be a South African politician wey represent de African National Congress (ANC) insyd de National Assembly from 2014 till 2019, when he fail to gain re-election. Before dat, he represent de ANC insyd de Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature. He be a prominent trade unionist insyd de Eastern Cape during apartheid den sanso be a former Provincial Secretary of de ANC ein Eastern Cape branch.

## Apartheid-era activism
After he matriculate insyd 1974, Maxegwana active insyd de South African Students' Movement den, from 1977, de Black People's Convention, both anti-apartheid organisations wey affiliate to de Black Consciousness movement. Insyd 1977, he be recruited to de South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU); he be an underground operative for SACTU insyd East London den later work close plus de South African Allied Workers' Union. SACTU send him abroad insyd 1985.

## Provincial legislature
After de end of apartheid, Maxegwana represent de ANC insyd de Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature. He be Provincial Secretary of de ANC ein Eastern Cape branch, serve under Provincial Chairperson Makhenkesi Stofile, from 1996 till 2006, when he be replaced by Siphatho Handi. He sanso serve as Majority Party Chief Whip insyd de legislature till August 2013, when de ANC remove him insyd line plus a party resolution wey all Chief Whips must select from among members of de party ein internal Provincial Executive Committees; he be replaced by Mzoleli Mrara.

## National Assembly
Insyd de 2014 general election, Maxegwana no stand for re-election to de provincial legislature but instead elect to a seat insyd de National Assembly, de lower house of de South African Parliament; he be ranked tenth on de ANC ein provincial-to-national party list for de Eastern Cape. Insyd May 2016, de ANC announce say he will sanso serve as Chairperson of de Portfolio Committee on Communications den Digital Technologies, replace Joyce Moloi-Moropa, wey resign from Parliament. He depart dat position insyd late October 2018, when de ANC nominate him to replace Amos Masondo as co-chairperson of de Joint Committee on Ethics den Members' Interests. Insyd de 2019 general election, he be ranked 166th on de ANC ein national party list den no re-elect to ein legislative seat.

## Local government
Insyd July 2020, Maxegwana elect to succeed Alfred Mtsi as Speaker of de Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality council; he receive 54 votes against de 22 votes wey de opposition candidate, de Democratic Alliance ein Geoffrey Walton, receive. After de local elections of November 2021, IOL report dat Maxegwana be one of three leading contenders for de position of Mayor of Buffalo City. He no end up elected to de mayoral office but remain insyd office as Speaker.

## References


## External links
* Mr Comely Humphrey Maqocwa Maxegwana at People's Assembly
Simanga Mbuyane

**Simanga Happy Mbuyane** be a South African politician who serve as a member of de National Assembly of South Africa from 2017 until 2024, representing de African National Congress.

## Parliamentary career
Mbuyane stand unsuccessful for Parliament insyd 2014 as de 139th candidate on de ANC ein national list. On 4 May 2017, Mbuyane swear insyd as a member of de National Assembly. He replace former minister Ngoako Ramatlhodi who resign as a Member of Parliament after he ax insyd an unexpected cabinet reshuffle insyd March 2017.

Mbuyane stand as an ANC parliamentary candidate insyd Mpumalanga insyd de 2019 national election den elect back to Parliament at de election. He be a member of de Portfolio Committee on Trade den Industry.

Insyd October 2020, Mbuyane try without success to exclude de public from attend a virtual committee meeting of de Portfolio Committee on Trade den Industry to discuss de appointment process of a new National Lotteries Commission (NLC) chairperson. Mbuyane say dat de committee agree to hold de meeting insyd private but e be then point out to him dat portfolio committee meetings be public by default.

Mbuyane no stand for reelection insyd 2024.

## References



## External links
*Profile at Parliament of South Africa
Richard Mdakane

**Mzameni Richard Mdakane** (born 1 January 1955) be a South African politician wey represent de African National Congress (ANC) insyd de National Assembly before from 2009 until 2019, when he fail to gain re-election, den again from March 2023 until May 2024. Before dat, he represent de party insyd de Gauteng Provincial Legislature for fifteen years from 1994 to 2009; he sanso serve a term as Speaker of de Gauteng Provincial Legislature from 2004 to 2009.

## Early life
Dem born Mdakane on 1 January 1955 insyd Dundee (later know as KwaThalane) insyd de former Natal province. Ein mommie be a domestic worker den ein poppie be a migrant worker. After he finish high school, Mdakane move to Johannesburg, where ein poppie work, den grow more active insyd anti-apartheid youth politics, include through de Alexandra Civic Organisation den de ANC underground.

## Political career
Mdakane first be elected to de Gauteng Provincial Legislature insyd 1994, represent de ANC, den he be re-elected to ein seat insyd 1999 den 2004. After de 2004 general election, he sanso be elected, unopposed, as Speaker of de Gauteng Provincial Legislature.

After a full legislative term as Speaker, Mdakane stand for election to de National Assembly, de lower house of de national Parliament, insyd de 2009 general election. He serve ten years insyd de National Assembly, secure re-election to ein seat insyd de 2014 general election. After de 2014 general election, he sanso elect unopposed to chair de Portfolio Committee on Cooperative Governance den Traditional Affairs.

Insyd de 2019 general election, Mdakane stand for re-election to de National Assembly, but he be ranked 144th on de ANC ein national party list den no secure a seat.

On 16 March 2023, he enter de National Assembly as a replacement for former Nathi Mthethwa, who resign as a Member of Parliament after he ax insyd a cabinet reshuffle on 6 March 2023. He no stand insyd de 2024 general election den leave parliament.

## References



## External links
* Mr Mzameni Richard Mdakane at People's Assembly
Thandi Memela

**Thandi Memela** (8 January 1939 – 7 January 2021) be a South African politician from KwaZulu-Natal. A member of South Africa ein African National Congress (ANC), she serve as a Member of de National Assembly of South Africa from 2009 until 2019. She sanso be de inaugural Deputy President of de ANC Veterans' League between 2009 den 2017.

Memela die insyd 2021 at de age of 81.

## References
Nomaindiya Mfeketo

**Nomaindiya Mfeketo** be a South African politician who serve as South African Ambassador to de United States from 2020 to 2023, Minister of Human Settlements from 2018 to 2019, Deputy Minister of International Relations den Cooperation, Deputy Speaker of de National Assembly of South Africa from 2009 to 2014, den mayor of Cape Town from 1998 to 2000 den again from 2002 to 2006. 

## Early career
Prior to enter politics Mfeketo work for a number of non-governmental organisations (NGO). From 1981 to 1991 Mfeketo work for de agricultural training NGO ZAKH after which she work for de Social Change Assistance Trust (SCAT) from 1991 to 1992. From 1992 to 1994, Mfeketo work for de Development Action Group (DAG) on a public housing project.

## Political career
Insyd 1993, she become involved insyd negotiations to combine state den non-state activities insyd preparation for South Africa ein transition to multiracial democracy. Follow Mfeketo ein work plus DAG she be elected as Chairperson of de first democratically elect City Council insyd Cape Town for de 1996 – 1998 pre–interim phase.

### Mayorship
She become de fourth woman den de first black woman to be mayor of de city when she hold de post of Mayor briefly insyd 1998. She re-elect mayor follow de floor-crossing period wey give ein party, de African National Congress (ANC), de majority insyd de city council insyd 2002, oust Gerald Morkel of de Democratic Alliance (DA). She hold de post until de DA regain control of de council insyd 2006, after which Helen Zille take office. Mfeketo leave office amidst accusations of corruption, nepotism, den mismanagement.

### Parliament
Insyd 2007, Mfeketo elect to de ANC ein National Executive Committee. On May 6, 2009, Mfeketo be elected as Deputy Speaker of de National Assembly. Mfeketo serve insyd dis position until May 21, 2014, when she be succeeded by former Minister of Co-Operative Governance, Lechesa Tsenoli.

Insyd 2009 de DA allege say Mfeketo receive a custom build 'mansion' worth R8 million as part of a controversial government housing plan for ministers insyd Cape Town den Pretoria even though she own a private residence 9 km away.

### Ambassadorship
Mfeketo be appointed as Ambassador to de United States insyd 2020. Ein activities as South African ambassador to de United States criticize by de South African media as a "great embarrassment" den as "disastrous."

## References
Lindiwe Mjobo

**Lindiwe Ntombikayise Mjobo** be a South African politician who serve as a member of de National Assembly of South Africa from 2009 until 2024. She be a member of de African National Congress. After she enter parliament insyd 2009, she re-elect two times: insyd 2014 den 2019 before she leave insyd 2024.

From 2019 to 2024, she be member of de Portfolio Committee on Public Works den Infrastructure. During ein first term insyd de National Assembly (2009–2014), she be member of de Portfolio Committee On Mining, de Portfolio Committee on Sport den Recreation den de Portfolio Committee on Mineral Resources. Mjobo serve on de Portfolio Committee on Science den Technology, de Portfolio Committee on Public Works den de Portfolio Committee on Labour insyd ein second term (2014–2019).

## References


## External links
*Profile at Parliament of South Africa
*Mjobo, Lindiwe Ntombikayise at African National Congress Parliamentary Caucus
Tirana

**Tirana**[b] (/tɪˈrɑːnə/ ⓘ tih-RAH-nə; Gheg Albanian: Tirona[c]) be de capital den largest city of Albania. E be located insyd de centre of de country, enclosed by mountains den hills, plus Dajti rising to de east den a slight valley to de northwest overlooking de Adriatic Sea insyd de distance. E be among de wettest den sunniest cities insyd Europe, plus 2,544 hours of sun per year.

Tirana be founded insyd 1614 by Ottoman Albanian general Sylejman Pasha Bargjini, centered on de Old Mosque den *türbe*. De city be fairly unimportant until de 20th century, when de Congress of Lushnjë proclaimed it as Albania ein capital after de Albanian Declaration of Independence insyd 1912. De site of present-day Tirana has been continuously inhabited since de Iron Age den likely be de core of de Illyrian kingdom of de Taulantii, which insyd classical antiquity be centred insyd de hinterland of Epidamnus. Following de Illyrian Wars, e be annexed by de Roman Empire. Plus de collapse of de Western Roman Empire insyd de fourth century, most of Albania come under de control of de Eastern Roman Empire.

### Climate

## Notable people
### Key of Tirana
De *Key of Tirana* (Albanian: *Çelësi i Qytetit*) be a symbolic recognition wey be given by de Mayor of Tirana to an esteemed personality. Na dem give am to:
*Atifete Jahjaga, Kosovo-Albanian politician den activist
*Bebe Rexha, Albanian-American singer den songwriter
*Dritan Abazović, Montenegrin-Albanian politician
*Dua Lipa, English-Albanian singer den songwriter
*Eleni Foureira, Greek-Albanian singer
*Emeli Sandé, Scottish singer den songwriter
*Ermal Meta, Italian-Albanian singer den songwriter
*Giorgio Toschi, Italian commander
*Giusy Ferreri, Italian singer den songwriter
*Fatboy Slim, English musician
*István Tarlós, Hungarian politician
*Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović, Former Croatian president
*Nexhmije Pagarusha, Kosovo-Albanian icon den singer
*Noel Malcolm, English journalist den historian
*Riccardo Cocciante, Italian singer den songwriter
*Rita Ora, British-Albanian singer den songwriter
*Robin Krasniqi, German-Albanian boxer
*Stevo Pendarovski, Macedonian politician
## References


## External links

* Official website (in Albanian)
* The rebirth of the city December 2010 archive (in Albanian)
Vlorë

**Vlorë** (/ˈvlɔːrə/ VLOR-ə; Albanian definite form: Vlora) be de third most populous city of Albania den seat of Vlorë County den Vlorë Municipality. Located insyd southwestern Albania, Vlorë sprawls on de Bay of Vlorë den be surrounded by de foothills of de Ceraunian Mountains along de Albanian Adriatic den Ionian Sea Coasts. E dey experience a Mediterranean climate, which be affected by de Ceraunian Mountains den de proximity to de Mediterranean Sea.

De coastal area of Vlorë be one of de Illyrian sites dat have experienced pre-urban activity beginning from de 11th–10th centuries BC. De area be colonized by Ancient Greeks. A large fortified port-town dat be inhabited from de 6th century BC to de 2nd century AD be placed, now partially submerged, insyd Triport, northwest of present-day Vlorë. Substantial port activity insyd dis site occurred from at least de archaic period to de medieval period. It has been suggested dat a transfer of de ancient city from de site of Triport to de site of modern Vlorë occurred. De center of de modern city features archaeological remains dating from late antiquity. *Aulon*, from which de modern city took ein name, dey appear insyd historical sources wey dey start form de 2nd century AD. E be conquered at different periods thru out history by Romans, Byzantines, Normans, Venetians den Ottomans.

## International relations
Vlorë be twinned plus:

*  Hollywood, Florida, United States
*  Yangzhou, China

### Climate

## References



## Gallery

File:Vlorë,_Albania_December_2022_-_Modern_High-rise.jpg|A typical street insyd Vlorë wey dey show high rise buildings insyd de city
File:Vlorë,_Albania_December_2022_-_Bayside_street_with_Christmas_Tree.jpg|A typical street insyd Vlorë wey dey show some palm trees den de Christmas tree
File:Old_Town_Vlorë,_Albania,_December_2022_-_Clock_Tower.jpg|De old town of Vlorë
File:Vlora_panorama.jpg|De panorama of Vlorë
File:Vlora_Bay.jpg|De bay of Vlorë


## External links

*vlora.gov.al – official website (in Albanian)
Durrës

**Durrës** (/ˈdʊrəs/ DUURR-əs,; Albanian definite form: Durrësi) be de second most populous city of de Republic of Albania den seat of Durrës County den Durrës Municipality. E be one of Albania ein oldest continuously inhabited cities, plus roughly 2,500 years of recorded history. E be located on a flat plain along de Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast between de mouths of de Erzen den Ishëm at de southeastern corner of de Adriatic Sea. Durrës ein climate profoundly be influenced by a seasonal Mediterranean climate.

Durrës be founded under de name of Epidamnos around de 7th century BC, by ancient Greek colonists from Corinth den Corcyra insyd cooperation plus de Taulantii, a local Illyrian tribe. Sana known as Dyrrachium, Durrës developed as e become an integral part of de Roman Empire den ein successor de Byzantine Empire. De Via Egnatia start insyd de city den lead east across de fields, lowlands den highlands of de Balkan Peninsula to Constantinople.

## International relations
Insyd 2008, na Bosnia and Herzegovina open a consulate insyd de city wey dey consider say na der be a community plus Bosniak ancestry wey dey live insyd Durrës County. Dem mostly concentrate insyd two neighborhoods of de city of Shijak, Borake den Koxhas.

Dese countries get an honorary consulate insyd Durrës:

* Hungary
* North Macedonia

### Twin den sisto cities
Durrës be twinned plus:

*  Bari, Italy
*  Bitonto, Italy
* Istanbul, Turkey
* Thessaloniki, Greece

### Cooperation den friendship
Durrës get cooperation den friendship relationships plus:

* Kumanovo, North Macedonia
*  Shantou, China
* Ulcinj, Montenegro

### Climate

## References


## External links

*Official website
Jim Iyke

**James Ikechukwu Esomugha**, dem popularly know am as **Jim Iyke** (born 25 September 1976), be a Nigerian actor den one of de stars of de movie *Last Flight to Abuja*.

## Early life den education
Na dem born am insyd Libreville, Gabon. Ein parents, komot from Ogwugwu Village insyd Enugwu-Agidi town of Anambra State, na dem change dema name from Okolue to Esomugha. He be de only boy insyd a family of eight kiddies. Na he attend secondary school insyd F. G. C. Kwali Abuja from 1985 to 1991, then he earn a diploma insyd Banking den Finance den a BSc insyd philosophy from de University of Jos, Plateau State.

## Career
Jim Iyke begin dey act insyd 1998. As of October 2013, na he be one of de highest paid actors insyd Nollywood, na he appear insyd over 150 films.

Na he start a movie production company, *Untamed Productions* insyd 2007, wey he sanso get ein own music record label, Untamed Records. Ein first album, dem title *Who Am I?*, feature sam of Nigeria ein top musicians, such as TuFace Idibia den Sound Sultan.

## Filmography

## Awards den nominations

## References


## External links

*  at IMDb
*
Britta Steffen

**Britta Steffen** (dem born am 16 November 1983 in Schwedt, Germany) be German former competitive swimmer wey specialize insyd freestyle sprint events, wey she win 2 gold medals at de 2008 Beijing Olympics.

## Ein Biography
Insyd 1999, Steffen win six titles at de European Junior Championships, wey she win medal as member of Germany ein relay team insyd de 4 × 200 metre freestyle at de 2000 Summer Olympics. Insyd 2004, she ask say say she go swim de 4×100&nbsp;m relay. But after de Olympics, she take one year off swimming wey she concentrate for ein studies top, wey she no plete.

At de 2006 European Championships insyd Budapest, Steffen clocked 53.30 in the women's 100&nbsp;m freestyle event, breaking the world record and upstaging the previous record of 53.42 set by Libby Lenton of Australia. Even though Lenton swam a time of 52.99 on 4 April 2007 during the mixed 400 metre freestyle relay, this time was not recognized by the FINA as world record, because the race is not considered to be a FINA event.

For dat same championships, Steffen join two relay teams wey break world record. First, de German 4×100 m women relay team – Dallmann, Goetz, Steffen den Liebs – beat de Australian 4×100 m freestyle relay team (Mills, Lenton, Thomas and Henry) world record wey be 3:35.94, as dem swim am for 3:35.22.

After dat, de German women 4×200 m freestyle relay team – Dallmann, Samulski, Steffen den Liebs – swim 7:50.82 take break de US record (Coughlin, Piper, Vollmer den Sandeno) wey be 7:53.42.

For de 2007 World Championships for Melbourne insyd, she cam third for de 100 m freestyle den second for de 4×200 m freestyle relay.

For de 2008 Summer Olympic Games wey happen for Beijing, China, Steffen win de 100-metre freestyle, as she catch de world record-holder Libby Trickett from Australia for de last stroke. She touch wall for 53.12 seconds, wey break ein own Olympic record of 53.38 wey she set earlier for de 4×100 m freestyle relay start leg.

After dat, Steffen beat Dara Torres by just 0.01 seconds take win gold for de 50-metre freestyle plus time 24.06 seconds.

For de 2009 World Championships for Rome, Steffen swim 52.07 for de 100 m freestyle, break de world record wey be 52.22 wey she naa set four days before. Two days later, for 2 August 2009, she win ein second title for de 50 m freestyle, wey she sana break world record again plus 23.73 seconds.

Cate Campbell break ein 100 m freestyle long course world record for 2 July 2016, wey Sarah Sjöström break ein 50 m freestyle long course record for 29 July 2017.

Steffen officially shon competitive swimming for 2013.

## See also

* List of German records in swimming
* World record progression 50 metres freestyle
* World record progression 100 metres freestyle

## References



## External links

* Official website (in German)
* Britta Steffen at World Aquatics 
* Britta Steffen at *Swimrankings.net* 
* Britta Steffen at Olympics.com
* Britta Steffen at *[[:en:German_Olympic_Sports_Confederation|Team Deutschland]]* (in German)
* Britta Steffen at Olympedia 

* ABC news item on Steffen's world record
* Deutsche Welle article (English)
Mandy François-Elie

**Mandy François-Élie** (dem born am 27 September 1989) be French Paralympian athlete wey dey compete insyd de category T37. François-Élie win de T37 100m sprint at de 2012 Summer Paralympic Games at London wey she follow this plus both de 100m den 200m titles at de 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships insyd Lyon.

## Ein Career history
Dem born François-Élie for Martinique island insyd 1989. She cam like athletics from ein kiddie time, wey na she dey compete while she still dey school. But 2008 as na she dey cam plete school, stroke catch am wey eput am for coma. As she recover, wey dem find say she get permanent motor damage. Few years later, François-Élie cam back to sport, start dey compete for T37 sprint events.

Dem select François-Élie make she join de French national team for 2012 Summer Paralympics for London. She enter T37 100m den 400m races. For de 100m insyd, she qualify reach final after she plete first plus time 14.30. For de final she run 14.08 wey emake she beat Namibia runner Johanna Benson wey cam second, so she win ein first Paralympic gold medal. For 400m insyd, François-Élie place 4th for first round heat, but de time no reach make she enter de final.

For 8 June insyd for sam meet wey happen for Saint Cyr-sur-Loire, François-Elie run 100m insyd 13.68, wey set new world record. July insyd, people take am as favorite before IPC Athletics World Championships for Lyon. She enter both 100m den 200m races, she win de two all wey emake she turn world champion for ein class insyd. For de 200m final insyd, François-Elie run 28.35, wey break de 13-year-old world record Lisa McIntosh from Australia dey hold.

For de 2016 Summer Paralympics for Rio de Janeiro, she continue de London success as she grab silver for T37 100m plus time 13.45.

## References


## External links

* Mandy François-Elie at the International Paralympic Committee
* Mandy François-Elie at IPC.InfostradaSports.com (archived)
* Mandy François-Elie at *Équipe de France* (in French)
* Mandy François-Elie at *[[:en:French_Paralympic_and_Sports_Committee|France Paralympique]]* (in French)
Paralympic Games

De **Paralympic Games** anaa **Paralympics** be periodic series of international multisport events wey dey involve athletes wey get range of disabilities. Winter den Summer Paralympic Games dey, wey since de 1988 Summer Olympics insyd Seoul, dem hold South Korea shortly after de corresponding Olympic Games. Ebe de International Paralympic Committee (IPC) wey dey govern all Paralympic Games.

De Paralympics begin as a small gathering of British World War II veterans insyd 1948. Na de 1960 Games insyd Rome draw 400 athletes plus disabilities from 23 countries, as wey doctor Antonio Maglio propose. Currently e be one of de largest international sporting events: de 2020 Summer Paralympics dey feature 4,520 athletes from 163 National Paralympic Committees. Paralympians strive for equal treatment plus non-disabled Olympic athletes, buh der be a large funding gap between Olympic den Paralympic athletes.

Dem dey organize de Paralympic Games in parallel plus den insyd a similar way to de Olympic Games. De IOC-recognized Special Olympics World Games dey include athletes plus intellectual disabilities (although since 1992, na people plus intellectual disabilities sanso dey participate insyd de Paralympic Games), wey na dem hold de Deaflympics since 1924 be exclusive for deaf athletes.

Given de wide variety of disabilities of Para athletes, der be chaw categories insyd wich dem dey compete. Dem dey divide de allowable disabilities into ten eligible impairment types: impaired muscle power, impaired passive range of movement, limb deficiency, leg length difference, short stature, hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis, vision impairment den intellectual impairment. Dem further divide dese categories into various subcategories.

## Host cities

Na dem postpone am to 2021, secof de COVID-19 pandemic, wey mark de first time wey na dem postpone de Paralympic Games. Dem still dey call am de 2020 Summer Paralympics, even plus de change in scheduling to one year later. Na dem hold de Games from 24 August to 5 September 2021.

## References


## Read further

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* Peterson, Cynthia and Robert D. Steadward. *Paralympics : Where Heroes Come*, 1998, One Shot Holdings, .
* Thomas and Smith, *Disability, Sport and Society*, Routledge, 2008, .

## External links

* Official website
* Paralympic Sport TV, web-TV channel of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
T37 (classification)

**T37** be disability sport classification for disability athletics insyd track den jump events. Edey include menners wey get coordination impairments such as hypertonia, ataxia den athetosis. Ebe de athletics equivalent of de more general CP7 classification.

## Disability groups
Multiple types of disabilities be eligible to compete insyd dis class. Dis class dey include people wey get cerebral palsy, anaa wey na dem get a stroke anaa traumatic brain injury.

### Cerebral palsy

#### CP7

## Events
Der be are a number of track den field events open to dis class at various international competitions. Chaw get dema own minimum qualifying times den scores.

## References


## External links
Track and field

**Track and field** (anaa **athletics** insyd British English) be sport wey dey include athletic contests wey dey base on running, jumping, den throwing skills.

## References


## External links

*World Athletics (official website)
*USA Track & Field (official website)
*Results and statistics for collegiate, high school, middle school, and club teams
*Masters T&F World Rankings Archived 9 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine
*Track and Field Events – A Spectacle of Speed, Strength, and Skill
2012 Summer Paralympic Games

De **2012 Summer Paralympics**, wey be branded as de **London 2012 Paralympic Games**, na ebe international multi-sport parasports event wey dem hold from 29 August go 9 September 2012 insyd London, England, United Kingdom. Na ebe de 14th Summer Paralympic Games wey de International Paralympic Committee (IPC) organise.

Na dese Games be de first Summer Paralympics wey na dem host by London, wey be de first hosted solely by Great Britain; de English village of Stoke Mandeville co-host de 1984 Games plus Long Island, New York after ein original host, de University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, withdraw secof financial issues. Insyd 1948, na de village host de Stoke Mandeville Games—de first organised sporting event for athletes plus disabilities, den a precursor to de modern Paralympic Games—to coincide plus de opening of de 1948 Olympics insyd London. Insyd 1935, na London host de 1935 Summer Deaflympics.

Secof Parasports be a cultural factor of great impact insyd Great Britain, na de organisers expect de Games to be de first Paralympics to achieve mass-market appeal, wey be fuelled by continued enthusiasm over Great Britain ein performance during de Olympics, awareness of Great Britain ein role insyd de history of de Paralympics, de presence of de first global Paralympic star insyd history – na de South African sprinter Oscar Pistorius (wey cam be de first double amputee to compete insyd de Summer Olympics alongsyd non-disabled athletes), den increasing media coverage den promotion of Paralympic sport (wey dey include de first developed major advertising campaign wey a local broadcaster make). Na de Games ultimately meet dese expectations, wey break records for ticket sales, heightening de profile of de Paralympics insyd relation to de Olympics, den dey prompt IPC presido Philip Craven to declare dem de "greatest Paralympic Games ever."

Na dem hold a total of 503 events insyd 20 sports during de Games; na events for athletes plus intellectual disabilities (ID) return to de Paralympic programme after na dem suspend am dey follow de 2000 Summer Paralympics, na The Games be contested by a record 4,302 athletes wey dey represent 164 National Paralympic Committees, plus 14 countries wey dey make dema Paralympic debut. For de third Summer Paralympics in a row, na China win de most medals overall, plus a total of 231 (na 95 of dem be gold), wey be followed by Russia den Great Britain.

## References


## External links

*London 2012 on the International Paralympic Committee website
*Official Site of the 2012 Summer Paralympics (Archived)
2013 IPC Athletics World Championships

De **2013 [[World Para Athletics Championships|IPC Athletics World Championships]]** was the biggest track and field competition for athletes with a disability since the 2012 Summer Paralympics. Dem hold am insyd Lyon, France, wey elast from 20 go 28 July. Around 1,100 athletes compete, from 94 different countries. Dem hold de event insyd de Stade du Rhône wey dey for de Parc de Parilly insyd Vénissieux, insyd Lyon Metropolis.

## Events

### Classification
*F = field athletes
*T = track athletes
*11-13 – visually impaired, 11 den 12 compete plus a sighted guide
*20 – intellectual disability
*31-38 – cerebral palsy anaa oda conditions wey affect muscle co-ordination den control. Athletes insyd class 31-34 compete insyd a seated position; athletes insyd class 35-38 compete standing.
*41-46 – amputation, *les autres*
*51-58 – wheelchair athletes

### Schedule

### Results
Full results

## References

## External links

* Official web-site