Léopold Sédar Senghor

**Léopold Sédar Senghor** (/sɒŋˈɡɔːr/; French: [sɑ̃ɡɔʁ]; 9 October 1906 – 20 December 2001) na he be Senegalese politician, cultural theorist den poet wey serve as de first presido of Senegal from 1960 to 1980.

Ideologically an African socialist, na Senghor be one of de major theoreticians of Négritude. Na he be a proponent of African culture, black identity, den African empowerment within de framework of French-African ties. Na he advocate for de extension of full civil den political rights for France ein African territories while he dey argue dat French Africans go be better off within a federal French structure dan as independent nation-states.

Senghor cam turn de first presido of independent Senegal. He fall out plus ein long-standing associate Mamadou Dia, wey na he be de prime minister of Senegal, wey he arrest am on suspicion of he dey foment a coup wey he imprison am for 12 years. Senghor establish an authoritarian one-party state insyd Senegal wer na he prohibit all rival political parties.

Na Senghor be de founder of de Senegalese Democratic Bloc party insyd 1948. Na he be de first African dem elect as a member of de *Académie française* wey he win de 1985 International Nonino Prize insyd Italy. Dem dey regard Senghor by chaw people as one of de most important African intellectuals of de 20th century.

## Global policy
Na he be one of de signatories of de agreement make dem convene a convention for drafting a world constitution. As a result, for de first time insyd human history, dem convene a World Constituent Assembly make dem draft den adopt de Constitution for the Federation of Earth.

## Honours den awards

Senghor receive several honours insyd de course of ein life. Na dem make am Grand-Croix of de Légion d'honneur, Grand-Croix of de l'Ordre national du Mérite, commander of arts den letters. He sanso receive academic palms den de Grand Cross of de National Order of the Lion. Ein war exploits earn am de Reconnaissance Franco-alliée Medal of 1939–1945 den de Combattant Cross of 1939–1945. He receive honorary doctorates from thirty-seven universities.

Senghor receive de Commemorative Medal of de 2500th Anniversary of de founding of de Persian Empire for 14 October 1971.

For 13 November 1978, he wna dem create am a Knight of de Collar of de Order of Isabella de Catholic of Spain. Members of de order at de rank of Knight den above dey enjoy personal nobility wey dem get de privilege of adding a golden heraldic mantle to dema coats of arms. Those at de rank of de Collar sanso receive de official style "His or Her Most Excellent Lord".

Dat same year, Senghor receive an honoris causa from de University of Salamanca.

Insyd 1983, na dem award am de Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize by de University of Tübingen.

De Senghor French Language International University, na dem officially gbele am insyd Alexandria insyd 1990 dem name am after am.

Insyd 1994, na dem award am de Lifetime Achievement Award by de African Studies Association; however, na controversy dey about whether he meet de standard of contributing "a lifetime record of outstanding scholarship in African studies and service to the Africanist community." Michael Mbabuike, presido of de New York African Studies Association (NYASA), claim say de award sanso dey honour those wey na dem work "to make the world a better place for mankind."

Dem rename de airport of Dakar *Aéroport International Léopold Sédar Senghor* insyd 1996, for ein 90th birthday.

Dem rename de Passerelle Solférino insyd Paris after am insyd 2006, for de centenary of ein birth.

### Acknowledgement
* Member of de Académie française
* Member of de Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques
* Member of de Bayerische Akademie der Schönen Künste
* Member of de Royal Academy of Morocco
* Honorary Fellow of de Sahitya Akademi

### Honorary degrees
* Mzuzu University
* Paris-Sorbonne University
* Harvard University
* Yale University
* University of Oxford
* Université catholique de Louvain
* Université de Montréal
* Université Laval
* Goethe University Frankfurt
* University of Vienna
* University of Salzburg
* Paris Descartes University
* University of Bordeaux
* University of Strasbourg
* Nancy 2 University
* University of Padua
* University of Salamanca
* University of Évora
* Federal University of Bahia

## Summary of Orders he receive
### Senegalese national honours

### Foreign honours

## Senghor ein works
* *Prière aux masques* (c. 1935 – dem publish insyd collected works during de 1940s).
* *Chants d'ombre* (1945)
* *Hosties noires* (1948)
* *Anthologie de la nouvelle poésie nègre et malgache* (1948)
* *La Belle Histoire de Leuk-le-Lièvre* (1953)
* *Éthiopiques* (1956)
* *Nocturnes* (1961). (English tr. by Clive Wake and John O. Reed, *Nocturnes*, London: Heinemann Educational, 1969. African Writers Series 71)
* *Nation et voie africaine du socialisme* (1961)
* *Pierre Teilhard de Chardin et la politique africaine* (1962)
* *Poèmes* (1964).
* *Lettres de d'hivernage* (1973)
* *Élégies majeures* (1979)
* *La Poésie de l'action: conversation avec Mohamed Aziza* (1980)
* *Ce que je crois* (1988)

## References


## Read further

* Armand Guibert & Seghers Nimrod (2006), *Léopold Sédar Senghor*, Paris (1961 edition by Armand Guibert).
* Sources from this article were taken from the equivalent French article :fr:Léopold Sédar Senghor.
* 

## External links

Wikimedia Commons get media wey relate to ******.
* Biography and guide to collected works: African Studies Centre, Leiden
* Histoire des Signares de Gorée du 17ie au 19ie siécle. Poèmes de Léopold Sédar Senghor
* Biographie par l'Assemblée nationale
* Biographie par l'Academie française
* ''President Dia'' by William Mbaye (2012, english version) – Youtube – Political documentary – 1957 to 1963 in Senegal (55')
* Sangonet
* Préface par Léopold Sédar Senghor à l'ouvrage collectif sur Le Nouvel Ordre Économique Mondiale édité par Hans Köchler (1980) (facsimilé)
* Semaine spéciale Senghor à l'occasion du centenaire de sa naissance
* Texte sur le site de Sudlangues Mamadou Cissé, "De l'assimilation à l'appropriation: essai de glottopolitique senghorienne»
* Page on the French National Assembly website
* « Racisme? Non, mais Alliance Spirituelle »