Anorexia nervosa

**Anorexia nervosa** (**AN**), dem often refer to simply as **anorexia**, be an eating disorder wey be characterized by food restriction, body image disturbance, fear of gaining weight, den an overpowering desire to be thin.

Individuals plus anorexia nervosa get a fear of being overweight anaa being seen as such, despite de fact say dem be typically underweight. De DSM-5 dey describe dis perceptual symptom as "disturbance insyd de way insyd wich one ein body weight anaa shape be experienced". Insyd research den clinical settings, na dem dey call dis symptom "body image disturbance" anaa body dysmorphia. Individuals plus anorexia nervosa sanso fi deny say dema symptoms anaa behaviors be indicative of illness. Dem fi weigh demaselves frequently, eat small amounts, den chop certain chows per. Sam patients plus anorexia nervosa binge eat den purge to influence dema weight anaa shape. Purging fi manifest as induced vomiting, excessive exercise, den/anaa laxative abuse. Medical complications fi include osteoporosis, infertility, den heart damage, along plus de cessation of menstrual periods. Complications insyd men fi include lowered testosterone. Insyd cases wer de patients plus anorexia nervosa continually dey refuse significant dietary intake den weight restoration interventions, a psychiatrist fi declare de patient to lack capacity to make decisions. Then, dese patients dema medical proxies decide dat de patient dey hia make dem feed dem by restraint via nasogastric tube.

Anorexia often dey develop during adolescence anaa young adulthood. Na one psychologist find multiple origins of anorexia nervosa insyd a typical female patient, buh primarily sexual abuse den problematic familial relations, especially those of overprotecting parents wey dey show excessive possessiveness over dema kiddies. Dem dey think de exacerbation of de mental illness to follow a major life-change anaa stress-inducing events. Ultimately however, causes of anorexia be varied den dey differ from individual to individual. Der be emerging evidence dat der be a genetic component, plus na identical twins more often be affected dan fraternal twins. Cultural factors dey play a very significant role, plus societies wey dey value thinness have higher rates of de disease. Anorexia sanso commonly dey occur insyd athletes wey dey play sports wer a low bodyweight be thought to be advantageous for aesthetics anaa performance, such as dance, cheerleading, gymnastics, running, figure skating den ski jumping (*Anorexia athletica*).

Treatment of anorexia dey involve restoring de patient back to a healthy weight, treating dema underlying psychological problems, den addressing underlying maladaptive behaviors. Na a daily low dose of olanzapine show to increase appetite den assist plus weight gain insyd anorexia nervosa patients. Psychiatrists fi prescribe dema anorexia nervosa patients medications to better manage dema anxiety anaa depression. Different therapy methods fi be useful, such as cognitive behavioral therapy anaa an approach wer parents dey assume responsibility for feeding dema kiddie, dem know as Maudsley family therapy. Sam times people dey require admission to a hospital to restore weight. Evidence for benefit from nasogastric tube feeding be unclear. Sam people plus anorexia go get a single episode den recover while odas fi get recurring episodes over years. De largest risk of relapse dey occur within de first year post-discharge from eating disorder therapy treatment. Within de first two years post-discharge, approximately 31% of anorexia nervosa patients dey relapse. Chaw complications, both physical den psychological, improve anaa resolve plus nutritional rehabilitation den adequate weight gain.

Dem estimate e dey occur insyd 0.3% to 4.3% of women den 0.2% to 1% of men insyd Western countries at sam point insyd dema life. About 0.4% of young women be affected insyd a given year wey e be estimated to occur ten times more commonly among women dan men. E be unclear whether de increased incidence of anorexia dem observe insyd de 20th den 21st centuries be secof an actual increase insyd ein frequency anaa simply secof improved diagnostic capabilities. Insyd 2013, na e directly result in about 600 deaths globally, up from 400 deaths insyd 1990. Eating disorders sanso increase a person ein risk of death from a wide range of oda causes, wey dey include suicide. About 5% of people plus anorexia die from complications over a ten-year period plus medical complications den suicide be de primary den secondary causes of death respectively. Anorexia get one of de highest death rates among mental illnesses, second per to opioid overdoses.
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## External links

* National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders
* Society of Clinical Psychology—Anorexia