Ferhat Abbas

**Ferhat Abbas** (Arabic: فرحات عباس‎; ALA-LC: *Farḥāt ʿAbbās*; 24 August 1899 – 24 December 1985) na he be an Algerian politician wey act insyd a provisional capacity as de then yet-to-become independent country ein Prime Minister from 1958 to 1961, as well as de first Presido of de National Assembly den de first acting Chief of State after independence.

An influential figure insyd de Young Algerians, na Abbas initially advocate for equal political rights for Algerian Muslims insyd France den for de granting of French citizenship for Algerian Muslims. Over time, na he cam be a revolutionary Algerian nationalist.

## Background
De son of a caid, Said Ben Ahmed Abbas den Achoura (Maza) Abbas, na dem born Ferhat Abbas insyd de village of Taher, Algeria. In addition to he be a caid insyd de village of Chahna, na dem sanso award ein poppie de rosette den silver braid of a commander of de Legion of Honor.

Na de young Abbas educate first at Phillipeville (now called Skikda), Constantine, wer na he receive ein baccalaureate. Before finishing ein education, na dem require am to serve insyd de French army medical corps wer na he reach de rank of sergeant. Na Abbas then attend de pharmacy school at de University of Algiers. After graduating, na Abbas work as a pharmacist insyd Sétif, wer he cam be involved insyd politics. Na der wey dem elect am to de municipal council den then to de general council of Constantine.

For this time wey Abbas dey, he dey feel French well well, like im write one article for 1936 wey dem call 'I be France'. But later, for 1938, him no dey feel am again as him dreams for equal rights no dey happen. So, im organize the Algerian Popular Union (Union Populaire Algerienne). This group dey push for equal rights for both French people plus Algerians while dem still hold on to Algerian culture plus language as important primary values.

When World War II burst out, Abbas gree make e join medical unit for French Army again. After him serve finish, e political mind still dey change, and e turn back on France after General Giraud no gree make him Muslims join fight as equal. E no stop for that change matter, so e enter nationalism, drop the Manifesto of the Algerian People for February 10, 1943. De manifesto show say Abbas don think plenty different. E dey blast colonial rule wey French dey run and demand say Algeria go fit run itself. Abbas talk say dem suppose get constitution wey go make everybody for Algeria equal. For May, e and some friends join add clause wey go make Algeria strong den proper. Di manifesto drop for June 26, but di governor general no gree am. E join Messali Hadj wey be di Amis du Manifeste et de la Liberté, wey dem call for autonomous republic. Dis wahala land Abbas for jail for one year, and make AML vanish sharp sharp. For 1946, Abbas start di nationalist party wey dem dey call Union Démocratique du Manifeste Algérien (UDMA) when e win election for di Constituent Assembly of France. Dis new group wan soft approach, like make dem form Algerian state wey France go dey support full ground. For di same 1946, dem name am editor for publication wey be Egalité. E dey do politics as member of di Algerian Assembly till 1955. For dis years, dem catch am two times. His wahala as moderate nationalist no jam, so e run go Cairo for 1956. For Cairo, e dey work with Ahmed Ben Bella, wey be fellow revolutionary.

## Involvement with FLN
Ferhat no be fan of violence, so he dey keep distance from Algerian War, dey try act as peace-maker between di two sides. But when French government increase di wahala for 1956, Ferhat join FLN (Front de Libération Nationale). Dem see say him sabi talk well, so dem carry am go do mission for dem ally, President Habib Bourguiba from Tunisia. Him travel go Latin America, Europe, and Middle East to gather support for dem cause. For 1957, dem appoint am as FLN delegate for United Nations. For 1958, he go North African Conference for Tunis, and in March, he send message to Vatican make dem help create peace. When Fourth Republic fall and Charles de Gaulle take over, di hope for independent Algeria boku. But di fighting no stop, and on September 18, di Provisional Government of di Algerian Republic (GPRA) start. His good name for Algeria and as moderate nationalist who fit relate with di West make am become di president of dis provisional Algerian nationalist government-in-exile on September 18, 1958, when dem create am. De President position be more like figurehead and diplomat, cause na the cabinet dey hold all di power well; but later some Asian and African countries start to recognize di government. For October 1958, Abbas and de Gaulle try to end di war with one meeting and plan for cease-fire, but dem no gree find neutral place. By September 16, 1959, de Gaulle dey soften as e talk say make dem fit decide self-determination with referendum four years after cease-fire. Dis plan people accept well; but e get some wahala wey no fit settle. By 1960, Abbas don dey vex for di West as e dey blast United Kingdom and United States for supplying weapon to France. As talks scatter for June 1960, Abbas turn eye to di east and by September, e dey visit Communist China plus Soviet Union, where dem welcome am well. Abbas assure di West say him new alliances na just opportunism, as e talk say

We go like use Chinese arms for protect wannaself pass make we  go allow West arms kill us.

For August 27, 1961, e resign, den Benyoucef Ben Khedda come take e position. After that, e join Ahmed Ben Bella and Houari Boumédiène Oujda Group wey dey oppose GPRA, but dem later scatter am.

Because Pakistan dey support Algeria wey wan free demself, Ferhat Abbas get Pakistani diplomatic passport for him travels to abroad.

## After independence
Algeria get her independence on July 5, 1962, and from September 25, 1962, to September 15, 1963, Ferhat Abbas be president of the constitutional assembly. But e no last, as Ben Bella wey don become president come sideline the whole assembly. Abbas vex come resign because FLN no follow the assembly rules to write constitution. Dem come push am out from FLN, and dem lock am inside house from 1964 to 1965.

For March 1976, e sign statement with Benyoucef Benkhedda wey dey call for democratic assembly wey go fit challenge di military President, Col. Houari Boumédiènne. Dem put am for house arrest again. But still, dem recognize am officially with state decoration, di Medal of Resistance, for 30th October 1984. Abbas sleep com die for 24 December 1985. Dem bury am for El Alia Cemetery.

## Writings
Na dem collect articles he wrep insyd ein youth insyd *Le Jeune Algérien: de la colonie vers la province* (The Young Algerian: From Colony to Province) (1931). Na dem set out ein ideas on democracy den views on history insyd a series of essays wey dey include *La nuit coloniale* (The Colonial Night) (1962), *Autopsie d'une guerre* (Autopsy of a War) (1980) den *L'indépendance confisquée* (1984).
## Ein life matter
Na Ferhat enjoy soccer, horseback riding, den reading, in particular, Victor Hugo den Sophocles. Na he marry Marcelle Stöetzel, an Algerian-born French national on 17 September 1945. Na Halim be dema only kiddie, a son.

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