Liberia

**Liberia** be officially de **Republic of Liberia**, be country for de West African coast. Sierra Leone dey border am go ein northwest, Guinea go ein north, Ivory Coast go ein east, den de Atlantic Ocean go ein south den southwest. E get population of around 5 million wey edey cova area of 43,000 square miles (111,369 km2). De country ein official language be English; howeva, dem dey speak ova 20 indigenous languages, wey dey reflect de country ein ethnic den cultural diversity. De capital den largest city be Monrovia.

Liberia begin for de early 19th century insyd as project for de American Colonization Society (ACS), wey dem believe black people go face better chances give freedom den prosperity for Africa insyd den for de United States insyd. Between 1822 den de outbreak of de American Civil War for 1861 insyd, more dan 15,000 freed den free-born African Americans, along plus 3,198 Afro-Caribbeans, relocate go Liberia. Gradually dey develop Americo-Liberian identity, de settlers carry dema culture den tradition plus them. Liberia declare independence for July 26, 1847, wey na de U.S. no recognize am til February 5, 1862.

Na Liberia be de first African republic make e proclaim ein independence wey ebe Africa ein first den oldest modern republic. Along plus Ethiopia, na ebe de one of de two African countries make e maintain ein sovereignty during de Scramble for Africa. During World War II, Liberia support de United States war effort against Germany, wey e receive considerable American investment insyd infrastructure, wey e aid de country ein wealth den development. Presido William Tubman encourage economic den political changes wey heighten de country ein prosperity den international profile; Liberia be founding member of de League of Nations, United Nations, den de Organisation of African Unity.

Na de Americo-Liberian settlers no dey relate well plus de indigenous peoples dem encounter. De Kru den Grebo dey raid colonial settlements from dema inland chiefdoms. Americo-Liberians form go small elite wey dey hold disproportionate political power; dem exclude indigenous Africans from birthright citizenship for dema own land til 1904.

For 1980 insyd, political tensions from William R. Tolbert ein rule result in military coup wey dem kill Tolbert, wey dey mark de end of Americo-Liberian rule for de country insyd wey begin ova two decades of political instability. De First den Second Liberian Civil Wars follow five years of military rule by de People's Redemption Council den five years of civilian rule by de National Democratic Party of Liberia. Dis result for de deaths of 250,000 people (about 8% of de population) den de displacement of chaw more, plus Liberia ein economy shrink by 90%. Peace agreement for 2003 insyd lead go democratic elections for 2005 insyd.

## Geography

### '''Administrative divisions'''

## Demographics

### Ethnic groups

De population dey include 16 indigenous ethnic groups den various foreign minorities. Indigenous peoples dey comprise about 95 percent of de population. De 16 officially recognize ethnic groups dey include de Kpelle, Bassa, Mano, Gio or Dan, Kru, Grebo, Krahn, Vai, Gola, Mandingo anaa Mandinka, Mende, Kissi, Gbandi, Loma, Dei anaa Dewoin, Belleh, den Americo-Liberians (anaa *Congo people*).

### Languages
English be de official language wey dey serve as de *lingua franca* of Liberia. As of 2022, na dem dey speak 27 indigenous languages insyd Liberia, buh each be first language for a small percentage per of de population. Liberians sanso dey speak a variety of creolized dialects dem collectively know as Liberian English.

## Further reading
* Cooper, Helene, *House at Sugar Beach: In Search of a Lost African Childhood* (Simon & Schuster, 2008, )
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* Lang, Victoria, *To Liberia: Destiny's Timing* (Publish America, Baltimore, 2004, ). Novel of the journey of a young Black couple fleeing America to settle in the African motherland of Liberia.
* Maksik, Alexander, *A Marker to Measure Drift* (John Murray 2013; Paperback 2014; ). A novel about a young woman's experience of and escape from the Liberian civil war.
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* Mwakikagile, Godfrey, *Military Coups in West Africa Since The Sixties*, Chapter Eight: Liberia: 'The Love of Liberty Brought Us Here,' pp.&nbsp;85–110, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Huntington, New York, 2001; Godfrey Mwakikagile, *The Modern African State: Quest for Transformation*, Chapter One: The Collapse of A Modern African State: Death and Rebirth of Liberia, pp.&nbsp;1–18, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2001.
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* Sankawulo, Wilton, *Great Tales of Liberia*. Dr. Sankawulo is the compiler of these tales from Liberia and about Liberian culture. Editura Universității "Lucian Blaga", Sibiu, Romania, 2004. .
* Sankawulo, Wilton, *Sundown at Dawn: A Liberian Odyssey*. Recommended by the Cultural Resource Center, Center for Applied Linguistics for its content concerning Liberian culture. 
* Shaw, Elma, *Redemption Road: The Quest for Peace and Justice in Liberia* (a novel), with a foreword by President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (Cotton Tree Press, 2008, )
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## References



## External links

* Chief of State and Cabinet Members Archived October 17, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
* Liberia Archived March 19, 2021, at the Wayback Machine. *The World Factbook*. Central Intelligence Agency.
* Liberia from *UCB Libraries GovPubs*.