open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Joyce Banda

**Joyce Hilda Banda** (née Ntila; dem born am 12 April 1950) be Malawian politician, educator, den activist wey serve as de fourth presido of Malawi from 2012 to 2014. She becam presido after de death of Bingu wa Mutharika, under wey she serve as de fourth vice presido from 2009 to 2012. A member of de People's Party, Banda lead de party since ein creation for 2011 insyd, den be de first female presido of Malawi den de second head of state, after Elizabeth II, den de second for Africa insyd, after Liberia ein Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.
Luísa Diogo

**Luísa Dias Diogo** (11 April 1958 – 16 January 2026) be Mozambican economist den politician wey serve as Prime Minister of Mozambique from 2004 to 2010. She sanso serve as Minister of Planning den Finance between 2000 den 2005. Diogo be de first female prime minister of Mozambique den ein term for office insyd be notable give de economic reforms dat bring financial stability to de country den women empowerment.

## Ein early life
Dem born Diogo for 11 April 1958 top for Magoé District, Tete Province insyd, Portuguese Mozambique as de daughter of a nurse den a housewife. She go to a school for Tete insyd, wey e study accounting at de Commercial Institute until 1979 den get a bachelor's degree for economics insyd from de Eduardo Mondlane University for 1983 insyd den a master's degree for financial economics insyd at de School of Oriental den African Studies of de University of London for 1992 insyd.

## References
Anita Asiimwe

***Anita Asiimwe*** na Rwandan public health expert wey get pass 20 years experience as leader for her country health sector. She don serve as board member for the Global Fund, wey she help for global health strategies. She be former Minister of State for the Rwandan Ministry of Health. Since 2023, she dey serve as Management Sciences for Health Chief of Party for the USAID Ireme Activity.

## Career

Dr.Asiimwe be medical doctor and she get master’s degree for public health from the University of Dundee insyd di united Kingdom.

From 2005 reach 2013, she plus her colleagues lead the way for the creation of new agencies and also co-lead the ones wey already dey, responsible for setting strategies for different infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) for Rwanda. Some of these agencies na the Treatment and Research AIDS Centre, the National AIDS Control Commission, and the Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC).  

For February 2013, dem swear Dr. Asiimwe in as Minister of State wey dey in charge of di Public Health and Primary Health Care. During the time wey she dey there, she lead work to build strong health system wey dey focused on people, dey promote preventive, curative, and rehabilitative health services. 

From October 2017, Dr. Asiimwe serve as Coordinator for the National Early Childhood Development Program. She lead the development and implementation of national early childhood development strategies and oversee how the program change to the Rwanda National Child Development Agency, wey she serve as Director General until July 2021. During this time, Dr. Asiimwe become Government of Rwanda Human Capital Development focal point, wey make she play big role to improve collaboration across different sectors.

For 2023, Dr. Asiimwe join Management Sciences for Health as Chief of Party for the USAID Ireme activity, wey na health system strengthening project for Rwanda.    

Dr. Asiimwe serve as Global Fund Board member wey dey represent Eastern and Southern Africa Constituency, and she be Vice-Chair for the Global Fund Board Strategy, Investment, and Impact Committee. She be one of the people wey start the Africa Constituency Bureau and she be former Board member, wey dey support African leaders to push for more resources and make sure say African voice dey strong for global health matter for the Global Fund wey dey fight HIV and AIDS, TB, and malaria.   

  

= References =
Gifty Mensah

**Gifty Mensah** (wey dem born am 7 October 1998) be Ghanaian badminton player wey join the national team for 2010. In 2011, she dey play for Accra, compete for the Ghana Independence Day Open Championship. She win  gold for the women's doubles and a silver for the singles. For that same year, dem select am to represent her country go compete at the All-Africa Games. She do collabo plus Daniel Sam, dem reach final for the 2015 Nigeria International tournament. For 2016, she be runner-up for the Rose Hill International tournament for the mixed doubles event with Emmanuel Donkor, after dem battle with the Mauritanian Edoo and Louison. She still take third place for the women's doubles event with Stella Amassah. In 2018, she go compete for the Commonwealth Games for Gold Coast.

## Achievements
Ablekuma

**Ablekuma** bi  a peri-urban town located in de  Ga Central District of de  Greater Accra Region of Ghana.

## Location
Ablekuma is located along de Awoshie-Pokuase highway. Its distance by road from de  Accra International Airport is approximately 13.4 kilometres (8.3&nbsp;mi)de  coordinates of de town dey 05°31'12"N, 00°28'48"W.

Ablekuma's estimated elevation above sea level is 45 meters.

## Politiks
Ablekuma is in de  Anyaa-Sowutuom constituency headed by Hon Dr. Dickson Adomako Kissi, a member of de New Patriotic Party. The traditional Chief of Ablekuma is Nii Larbi Mensah IV.

Ablekuma was noted for the murder of two policemen, Owusu Sekyere (alias Kweku Ninja) and Jerry Wornu (alias Taller). on November 24, 1998

## References
Arinola Olasumbo Sanya

**Arinola Olasumbo Sanya** (born 1953) na Nigerian professor of physiotherapy for University of Ibadan and she don serve before as commissioner of health for Oyo State, Nigeria. Dem appoint am professor for year 2000, wey make her the first female professor of physiotherapy for Africa, and the second professor of physiotherapy for Nigeria. She dey among the notable indigenes of Oyo State.

She be the current Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration) for University of Ibadan. She train for physiotherapy for University of Ibadan. She join Department of Physiotherapy for University of Ibadan as graduate assistant for 1978 and she still dey there as professor. Arinola na Consultant Physiotherapist for University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. She dey sit down for plenty management level committees for University of Ibadan like the Appointments and Promotions Committee.

## References
Cauda equina syndrome

**Cauda equina syndrome** (**CES**) be a condition wey dey occur wen de bundle of nerves below de end of de spinal cord dem know as de cauda equina be damaged. Signs den symptoms dey include low back pain, pain wey dey radiate down de leg, numbness around de anus, den loss of bowel anaa bladder control. Onset fi be rapid anaa gradual.

De cause usually be a disc herniation insyd de lower region of de back. Oda causes dey include spinal stenosis, cancer, trauma, epidural abscess, den epidural hematoma. De diagnosis be suspected based on symptoms den confirmed by medical imaging such as MRI anaa CT scan.

CES generally be treated surgically via laminectomy. Sudden onset be regarded as a medical emergency wey dey require prompt surgical decompression, plus delay wey dey cause permanent loss of function. Permanent bladder problems, sexual dysfunction anaa numbness fi occur despite surgery. A poor outcome dey occur insyd about 20% of people despite treatment. About 1 insyd 70,000 people be affected every year. Dem first describe am insyd 1934.

## References


## External links

* 06-093c. at *Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy* Home Edition
Brief psychotic disorder

**Brief psychotic disorder**—according to de classifications of mental disorders DSM-IV-TR den DSM-5—be a psychotic condition wey dey involve de sudden onset of at least one psychotic symptom (such as disorganized thought/speech, delusions, hallucinations, anaa grossly disorganized anaa catatonic behavior) wey dey last 1 day to 1 month, often be accompanied by emotional turmoil. Remission of all symptoms be complete plus patients wey dey return to de previous level of functioning. E fi follow a period of extreme stress wey dey include de loss of a loved one. Chaw patients plus dis condition under DSM-5 go be classified as having acute den transient psychotic disorders under ICD-10. Prior to DSM-IV, dem dey bell dis condition "brief *reactive* psychosis." Dis condition fi be anaa no fi be recurrent, wey e no for be caused by anoda condition.

De term bouffée délirante dey describe an acute non-affective den non-schizophrenic psychotic disorder, wich be largely similar to DSM-III-R den DSM-IV brief psychotic den schizophreniform disorders.

## References


## Read further

* 
* 
* 

## External links
*Causes of Psychosis
Sally Kosgei

Dr. Sally Jepng'etich Kosgey (wey dem born am for 1949) na Kenyan politician. She dey belong to ODM party, den dem elect am for represent Aldai Constituency for National Assembly of Kenya during de 2007 Kenyan parliamentary election.

She go school for Alliance Girls High School. She take ein BA degree from University of Dar es Salaam for 1974. Later she get ein MA for 1975 and Ph.D. for 1980, both from Stanford University wey dey United States.

She work for plenty organisations before former President Daniel arap Moi call am. She work for different positions wey reach top, till dem appoint am as ambassador and head of public service/secretary to the cabinet.
Schizoaffective disorder

**Schizoaffective disorder** be a mental disorder wey be characterized by symptoms of both schizophrenia (psychosis) den a mood disorder, either bipolar disorder anaa depression. De main diagnostic criterion be de presence of psychotic symptoms for at least two weeks widout prominent mood symptoms. Common symptoms dey include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech den thinking, as well as mood episodes. Schizoaffective disorder fi often be misdiagnosed wen de correct diagnosis fi be psychotic depression, bipolar I disorder, schizophreniform disorder, anaa schizophrenia. Dis be a problem as treatment den prognosis differ greatly for chaw of dese diagnoses. Chaw people plus schizoaffective disorder get oda mental disorders wey dey include anxiety disorders.

Der be three forms of schizoaffective disorder: bipolar anaa manic type (wey symptoms of schizophrenia den mania mark), depressive type (weyy symptoms of schizophrenia den depression mark), den mixed type (wey symptoms of schizophrenia, depression, den mania mark). Auditory hallucinations most be common. De onset of symptoms usually dey begin insyd adolescence anaa young adulthood.

## References

## Read further
* 
* 
## External links
Uche Azikiwe

Uche Ewah Azikiwe MFR na one Nigerian academic, educator and author. She is the widow of former President of Nigeria Nnamdi Azikiwe. She be professor for the Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education for University of Nigeria, Nsukka. For 1999, dem appoint am go board of directors of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).

## Ein early life den education
Dem born am to Sergeant Major Lawrence A. den Florence Ewah.

Azikiwe graduate plus a Bachelor of Arts degree for English insyd from de University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN). She then proceed to obtain a master's degree for Curriculum Studies den Sociology of Education insyd. For 1992 insyd, she obtain a Ph.D. for Sociology of Education/Gender Studies insyd from de same university.

## Ein academic career
From 1981 to 1987, Azikiwe work as a teacher at Nsukka High School. She move to de Department of Educational Foundation, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka for 1987 insyd.

## Ein affiliations
Azikiwe be a member of a number of professional societies den associations wey dey include, World Council for Curriculum and Instruction (WCCI), Network for Women Studies in Nigeria (NWSN), Curriculum Organization of Nigeria (CON), National Women Studies Association (NWSA), USA den Nigeria Association of University Women (NAUW).

## Ein life matter
Professor Uche Azikiwe be de widow of de first Presido of Nigeria, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe.

## References
Human rights in South Sudan

**Human rights insyd South Sudan** be a contentious issue, owing at least insyd part to de country ein violent history.

## Constitutional provisions
De Constitution of South Sudan describe de country as "a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural, multi-lingual, multi-religious den multi-racial entity where such diversities peacefully coexist". Part One of de Constitution sana state dat "South Sudan be founded on justice, equality, respect for human dignity den advancement of human rights den fundamental freedoms".

Part Two of de Constitution of South Sudan dey include de Bill of Rights den provide a comprehensive description of rights den liberties protected under de Constitution.  E state dat "[all] rights den freedoms enshrined insyd international human rights treaties, covenants den instruments ratified or acceded to by de Republic of South Sudan dey be an integral part of dis Bill".  De Bill dey cover a wide range of rights insyd political, civil, economic, social, den cultural spheres den places an emphasis on de rights of women, children, den de disabled.  De Bill sana protect freedoms, such as freedom from torture, freedom of assembly den association, freedom of worship, den freedom of expression den media, among many odas.

## Civilian collective punishment
De national army, dey call amde Sudan People's Liberation Army, often be accused of attacking civilians on suspicion of aiding rebels.

### Shilluk disarmament campaign
Insyd de government ein Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) ein anti-insurgency campaign to disarm rebellions among de Shilluk den Murle, they burned scores of villages, raped hundreds of women den girls den killed an untold number of civilians. Civilians alleging torture by de SPLA claim fingernails being torn out, burning plastic bags dripped on children to make demma parents hand over weapons den villagers burned alive insyd demma huts if rebels be suspected of spending de night there. De United Nations Human Rights Council dey report many of these violations, den de frustrated director of one Juba-based international aid agency called them "human rights abuses off de Richter scale". Human Rights Watch allege dat both de SPLA den de rebel group led by Johnson Olony be responsible for atrocities.

### Suppression of South Sudan Liberation Movement
De South Sudan Liberation Movement (SSLM) led by Peter Gadet rebelled against de SPLA led government. To put down de rebellion, e be alleged dat de SPLA set fire to over 7,000 homes insyd Unity state insyd May 2011.

## Sanso see

* LGBT rights in South Sudan

## Footnotes
Rosina Zeinab Abdul‑Rahaman

**Hon. Rosina Zeinab Abdul-Rahaman** be a Ghanaian local government administrator, who  dey serve as de District Chief Executive (DCE) for de Nanton District in de Northern Region of Ghana.Dem confirm am  in April 2025 as de only female DCE across de Northern, Savannah, and North East regions following her appointment by President John Dramani Mahama.

## Political Career
Rosina Zeinab Abdul-Rahaman was nominated by President John Dramani Mahama to serve as de District Chief Executive for de Nanton District in de Northern Region.

Her confirmation hearing wey dem do am  for Nanton, for dat day, Rosina secured 27 out of 28 eligible votes from de assembly members and government appointees, representing approximately 89% of de votes, a strong margin signaling significant support and confidence from de local leadership.

### Development Initiates
For January 2026 insyd,  wey ebi part of efforts to ensure a conducive learning environment for effective teaching and learning, de Nanton District Assembly under DCE Abdul-Rahaman Rosina handed over 450 school desks to de Nanton District Directorate of de Ghana Education Service (GSE).

## References
Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi

**Margaret Adebisi Sowunmi** (née Jadesimi) (September 24, 1939 - April 28, 2025) na Nigerian botanist and environmental archaeologist. She be Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for University of Ibadan. She pioneer the study of Environmental Archaeology and palaeoethnobotany for Nigeria and she be founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria.

## Early life
Sowunmi born for Kano, Northern Nigeria on September 24, 1939. Her papa na pastor for Church of Nigeria. She attend St Anne's School Ibadan for her secondary school. She study Special Botany for Department of Botany, University College Ibadan, and she graduate for 1962. For 1963, she get postgraduate scholarship to do PhD research for palynology. To fit do the research, Sowunmi travel go Sweden to study under Gunnar Erdtman, wey supervise her PhD: *“On the Pollen Morphology of the Palmae and its bearing on Taxonomy”*. She collect her PhD for botany from University of Ibadan for 1967.

## Career
For 1967, Sowunmi na post-doctoral research fellow for Archaeology Unit inside Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan. For 1971 she establish Nigerian University Palynology Laboratory. Dem appoint her Professor of Palynology and Environmental Archaeology for 1982. All through her career, Sowunmi hold different visiting positions — for 1997 she dey Department of African Archaeology, Uppsala University, and for 1998 she dey Institute of Archaeology, University College London plus Departments of African Archaeology and African Archaeobotany, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität. For her career she supervise eight PhD students, and people sabi her as inspirational teacher. Sowunmi don also work on gender issues for archaeology for Nigeria, including change androcentric course titles.

Sowunmi na founder and president of the Palynological Association of Nigeria, and she also be president of the West African Archaeological Association.

She retire for 2004, but she still continue to dey teach palynology courses and dey supervise BSc and MSc students until she reach 80 years for 2019.

## Research
Sowunmi research achievements include the first time wey dem identify the age and paleoenvironment of the Gwandu Formation, the first description of Eocene pollen for Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, the first study of Late Quaternary vegetation and environmental history for Nigeria, and the first study of pollen wey come from archaeological site for Nigeria.

## Awards and honours
For 2003, Sowunmi collect honorary Doctor of Philosophy degree for Humanities from Uppsala University, to recognize her outstanding scholarship plus research and teaching contributions for environmental archaeology and paleobotany.

## References
Shakira

**Shakira** na Colombian singer, songwriter, and dancer wey dem born am on 2 February 1977 for Barranquilla, Colombia. Ein full name na **Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll**. She begin sing and perform from small pikin time, and by di time she reach ein teenage years, she don already drop albums for Latin America. Ein music style na mix of pop, rock, and Latin vibes plus some Middle Eastern influence wey come from ein background.

Shakira break into di international scene well-well with ein album *Laundry Service* wey come out for 2001. Songs like "Whenever, Wherever" make am blow worldwide and people begin notice ein unique voice and dance moves, especially ein waist movements wey plenty fans love. She no dey only sing for English; she dey also sing for Spanish, and dat one help am connect with different audiences across di world.

Aside from music, Shakira dey known for ein strong stage performance and creativity. She don win plenty awards including Grammys and Latin Grammys, and she don perform for big global events like di FIFA World Cup, where ein song "Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)" become big anthem. She also dey involved for charity work, especially through ein Barefoot Foundation wey dey support education for poor children.

Shakira na one of di most successful Latin artists in history. She don influence many musicians and she still dey active for di music industry. With ein talent, business sense, and global appeal, she remain important figure for world music and entertainment.
Olaitan Soyannwo

**Olaitan Soyannwo** na Nigerian Professor of Anaesthesia and consultant for University of Ibadan, and she be foreign secretary for Nigerian Academy of Science. Before, she don serve as President for International Association for the Study of Pain.

## References
Ahmed Tijani Ben Omar

**Ahmed Tijani Ben Omar** (Arabic: أحمد تيجاني بن عمر) be a Ghanaian born American Islamic scholarden Imam.

## Education
Dem born Tijani insyd Accra, Ghana. Ein hometown be Asamankese, West Akim Municipal District, Ghana. He specialised insyd Islamic Law den Jurisprudence, wey include comparative religion, astronomy, spiritual science den healing, divine poetry den chanting, fine arts den culture.

He take Arabic den Islamic Studies at de Kulliyat Athakaffah Al Arabiyah insyd Ghana den studied Biblical Science den History through de Methodist Missionary High School insyd Ghana. He specialise insyd media-broadcasting den mass-communications den sana obtain masters insyd comparative religion. He study den memorize de Qur'an at de age of 15 den de Bible by de age of 20.

## Career
Tijani be a leader of de Tijaniyyah, which come to de United States insyd de 1970s. He sana be de National Advisor International Association of Sufism USA; Advisor Islamic Studies den Research Association ISSRA USA; President and Imam Universal Islamic Center USA; Member of de World Council of Religious Leaders under de auspices of de United Nations Millennium World Peace Summit.

He dey travel to over 115 countries worldwide wey give numerous lectures den presentations at conferences, universities den public gatherings around de world. Hosted den directed several national den international Islamic conferences for peace.

Tijani spend ein time between de United States den Africa. He has been involved insyd peacemaking work insyd Chicago  ein inner cities den inter-faith activity across de world. He oppose literalism den extreme Wahhabi theology.

## Sanso see

* Ghanaian American
* Tijaniyyah
* Sufism

## References
Akake Patrick

**Akake Patrick** be a Ghanaian politician den a member of de First Parliament of de Fourth Republic who represent de Bolgatanga Constituency insyd de Upper East Region of Ghana. He be a member  of de National Democratic Congress.

## Early life den education
Dem born Akake Patrick at Bolgatanga insyd de Upper East Region of Ghana.

## Politics
Patrick be elected into parliament on de ticket of de National Democratic Congress for de Bolgatanga Constituency insyd de Upper East Region of Ghana during de 1992 Ghanaian parliamentary election. He be replaced by Simon Anyoa Abingya to represent de National Democratic Congress insyd de 1996 Ghanaian general election. Simon Anyoa Abingya subsequently polled 26,816 votes out of de total valid votes cast representing 42.80% during de 1996 General Election over ein opponents, David Apasara of de People's National Convention  who polled 15,577 votes wey represent 24.90%, James Ben Kaba of de New Patriotic Party who polled 3,861 votes wey represent 6.20%, den Amiyinne Francis of de National Convention Party who polled 956 votes wey represent 1.50%.

## References
Akuamoa Ofosu-Boateng

**Akuamoa Ofosu-Boateng** (born 1 February 1954) be a Ghanaian former politician den a member of de first den second parliament of de 4th republic of Ghana. He be a representative of de Lower west Akim Constituency insyd de Eastern Regionden a member of de National Democratic Congress.

## Early life den education
Dem born Boateng on 1 February 1954 insyd de Eastern Region of Ghana, he study political science at de University of Ghana where he obtain ein Bachelor of Arts. He be a former public servant.

## Political career
Ofosu-Boateng be first elected during de 1992 Ghanaian parliamentary election on de ticket of de National Democratic Congress. He represent again Lower West Akim constituency insyd de 1996 Ghanaian general elections plus a total of  17,830 making 42.40% of de total valid votes caste dat year. He contest plus Oworae Kwaku Harrison New Patriotic Party who get 16,257 wey represent 38.70% Christian Wilson Ofosu Kwarkye of de People's National Convention had 489 representing 1.20%, Evans Kofi Nyadua of de National Convention Party(NCP) polled 449 representing 1.10% and Akuamoa Ofosu-Boateng of de National Democratic Congress(NDC) polled 0 representing 0% insyd dat election year. Insyd de 2000 Ghanaian election, he lost de seat to Peter Kwaw of de New Patriotic Party who polled 18,103 votes wey represent 56.10% over Isaac Nti-Ababio Newton of de National Democratic Congress, Felix Atta-Owusu of de National Reformed Party, Mark Ayitey Kwablah of de Convention Peoples Party, Joseph Otoo-Essilfie of de United Ghana Movement den Hassan Al-Haji Salisu of de Peoples National Convention. These won 12,768, 623, 342, 234 den 183 votes out of de total valid votes cast respectively. These be equivalent to 39.60%, 1.90%,1.10%, 0.70% den 0.60% respectively of total valid votes.

## Personal life
He be a Christian.

## References
Mass media in South Sudan

De **mass media insyd South Sudan** be underdeveloped compared to many oda countries, wey include fellow East African state like Kenya, Tanzania, den Uganda. Poor transportation infrastructure den entrenched poverty insyd de country inhibit both de circulation of newspapers, particularly insyd states located far from de capital of Juba, den de ability of media outlets to maintain regular coverage of de entire country.

South Sudan nonetheless has several indigenous media outlets den a host of active journalists.

## News publications and outlets
Newspapers insyd South Sudan circulate almost exclusively among de educated elite insyd urban areas den very few copies reach rural villages. Nearly all newspapers be published insyd English den as of early 2012, most, such as de Southern Eye, be printed insyd Kampala or Nairobi den flown into Juba for delivery. South Sudan has two printing presses capable of printing newspapers, one be owned by de government den de oda be owned by de daily newspaper *The Citizen*.

*The Citizen* den de Juba Monitor, both of which be produced den printed insyd Juba, be de country ein only daily newspapers. De Citizen be initially founded by a former journalist of de Khartoum Monitor insyd Sudan den become South Sudan ein first daily newspaper when e transferred all of ein operations from Khartoum to Juba. De Juba Monitor be launched insyd 2011 den be owned by a former BBC correspondent insyd Khartoum.

### News Agencies/Internet

## Sanso see

* Television in South Sudan
* Radio in South Sudan

## References
Politics of South Sudan

De **politics of [[South Sudan]]** concern de system of government insyd de Republic of South Sudan, a country insyd East Africa, den de people, organizations, den events involved insyd it.

As a region, de Republic of South Sudan gain autonomy insyd 2005 plus former rebel leader Dr. John Garang becoming de President of New Sudan den de Vice President of Sudan. Garang's death insyd 2005 lead Salva Kiir Mayardit taking over as President den Riek Machar as de Vice President. Full independence from de Republic of Sudan be gained, following a referendum insyd 2011.

## Eruption of de Civil War
When Kiir sack ein entire cabinet insyd 2013, Riek Machar accuse him of stepping towards a dictatorship den challenged him for Presidency, wey trigger a civil war.

Insyd September 2018, a Revitalized Agreement on de Resolution of de Conflict insyd de Republic of South Sudan (A-RCSS) be signed, wey result to formation of de Revitalized Transitional Government of National Unity (R-TGoNU) initially for 24 months, be extended insyd August 2022.

### 2011 Southern Sudanese independence referendum

A referendum on independence for Southern Sudan be held from 9 to 15 January 2011.

Voting on de referendum began on 9 January 2011. On January 12, after three days of voting, representatives of de Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) announce dat, according to demma estimates, 60 percent turnout threshold required for de referendum ein validity (corresponding to around 2.3&nbsp;million voters) had been reached. Official confirmation later de same day indicate dat, when de referendum commission release a statement wey announce dat turnout will "exceed" de required 60 percent threshold.

Mohamed Ibrahim Khalil, chairman of de referendum commission, said 83 percent of eligible voters insyd de south den 53 percent insyd de north had voted. Over 90% of those who vote support independence, which be officially granted on July 9. Salva Kiir Mayardit be appointed as South Sudan ein first President, den Riek Machar be appointed as South Sudan ein first Vice-president.

## Notable people

* Isaac Awan Maper, politician, Minister for de Environment
* Kosti Manubi, Minister for Cabinet Affairs
* Luka Tombekana Monoja, Minister of Health

## Sanso see

* List of presidents of South Sudan
* List of vice-presidents of South Sudan
* Samson L. Kwaje

## References
Schizophreniform disorder

**Schizophreniform disorder** be a mental disorder dem diagnose wen symptoms of schizophrenia be present for a significant portion of time (at least a month), buh signs of disturbance no be present for de full six months dem require give de diagnosis of schizophrenia.

De symptoms of both disorders fi include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized anaa catatonic behavior, den social withdrawal. While impairment insyd social, occupational, anaa academic functioning be required for de diagnosis of schizophrenia, insyd schizophreniform disorder an individual ein level of functioning fi be anaa no fi be affected. While de onset of schizophrenia often be gradual over a number of months anaa years, de onset of schizophreniform disorder fi be relatively rapid.

Like schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder often be treated plus antipsychotic medications, especially de atypicals, along plus a variety of social supports (such as individual psychotherapy, family therapy, occupational therapy, etc.) dem design to reduce de social den emotional impact of de illness. De prognosis dey vary wey dey depend upon de nature, severity, den duration of de symptoms, buh about two-thirds of individuals dem diagnose plus schizophreniform disorder go on to develop schizophrenia.
## References


## External links
* 
*
Childhood schizophrenia

**Childhood schizophrenia** (dem sanso know as **childhood-onset schizophrenia** den **very early-onset schizophrenia**) be similar in characteristics to schizophrenia wey dey develop at a later age, wey de major difference be an onset before de age of 13 years den a more challenging diagnosis. Schizophrenia be characterized by positive symptoms wey fi include hallucinations, delusions, den disorganized speech; negative symptoms, such as blunted affect, avolition, den apathy, den a number of cognitive impairments. Differential diagnosis often be problematic since several oda neurodevelopmental disorders, wey dey include autism spectrum disorder, language disorder, den attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, sanso get signs den symptoms similar to childhood-onset schizophrenia.

De disorder be associated plus symptoms like auditory den visual hallucinations, delusional thoughts anaa feelings, den abnormal behavior, profoundly impacting de kiddie ein ability to function den sustain normal interpersonal relationships. Delusions often be vague den less developed dan those of adult-onset schizophrenia, wich dey feature more systematized delusions. Among de psychotic symptoms seen insyd childhood schizophrenia, non-verbal auditory hallucinations be de most common den often sound like shots, knocks, den bangs. Oda symptoms fi include irritability, searching for imaginary objects, low performance, den a higher rate of tactile hallucinations dem compare to adult-onset schizophrenia. E typically dey present after de age of seven. About 50% of young kiddies dem diagnose plus schizophrenia experience severe neuropsychiatric symptoms. Studies demonstrate say diagnostic criteria be similar to those of adult-onset schizophrenia. Neither DSM-5 nor ICD-11 list "childhood schizophrenia" as a separate diagnosis. De diagnosis be based on a thorough history den psychiatric examination by a child psychiatrist, exclusion of medical causes of psychosis (often by extensive testing), observations by caregivers den schools, den, insyd sam cases (dey depend on age), self-reports from pediatric patients.

## References


## External links

*