open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Adjaye

**Adjaye** be a surname. Notable people plus de surname include:

* David Adjaye (born 1966), Ghanaian-British architect
* Ed Asafu-Adjaye (born 1988), English footballer
* Edward Asafu-Adjaye (1903–1976), Ghanaian political figure, lawyer, den diplomat
* James Adjaye (born 1964), Ghanaian-British genetic scientist
Uthman

**Uthman ibn Affan** (Arabic: عُثْمَان بْن عَفَّان, romanized: *ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān*) (17 June 656) na he be de third caliph of de Rashidun Caliphate, ruling from 644 til ein assassination insyd 656. Uthman, a second cousin, son-in-law, den senior companion of de Islamic prophet Muhammad, play a major role insyd early Islamic history. During ein reign as caliph, na he be known for ordering de official compilation of de standardized version of de Quran, dem know as de Uthmanic codex, wich still be used today.

Before ein predecessor, Caliph Umar (r. 634–644) die insyd office, he appoint a committee of trustees to elect a successor. Uthman, wey na then aged 68–71 years, dem elect am to succeed am wey he cam be de oldest person to hold such a high position. During ein reign, de Caliphate expand further into Persia wey e reach as far as de provinces of Khurasan den Transoxiana insyd de East as well as Ifriqiya den de Iberian Peninsula insyd de West. Uthman institute centralized reforms in order to create a more cohesive administrative structure wey he foster rapid economic growth.

However, na de last years of ein reign be marked by discontent wey eventually evolve into an armed revolt, wey lead to a siege upon ein residence den ultimately culminating insyd ein assassination. Sunni Muslim tradition dey consider am de third rightly-guided caliph.

## Family den early life
Dem born Uthman insyd de Hejaz. De exact date be disputed; both 573 den 576 be indicated. Dem born am to an affluent family of de powerful den wealthy Banu Umayya clan, einself a part of de larger Banu Abd Shams. Ein poppie, Affan ibn Abi al-As be of de Banu Umayya, den ein mommie, Arwa bint Kurayz be of de Banu Abd Shams. Uthman get one sisto, Amina.

Uthman dey relate to Muhammad thru ein mommie, wey be de first cousin of Muhammad wey e make Uthman ein first cousin ein son. Ein poppie die at a young age while on a caravan travel, wey he lef Uthman plus a large inheritance. He invest de wealth in trade wey he cam be a highly successful merchant, wey make am one of de wealthiest people of de Quraysh.

## Assassination
On 17 June 656, after finding de gates of Uthman ein house guarded, a group of rebels scale de walls from a neighboring house wey dem enter ein room. Among dem be Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, de son of de first caliph, wey reportedly seize Uthman by ein beard. According to chaw accounts, after Uthman remind am of ein poppie ein friendship, Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr feel remorse wey he withdraw from de scene; however, oda rebels then move insyd wey dem fatally stab de Caliph while he dey recite de Quran.

## References


## External links

Views of various Islamic historians on Uthman:
* Uthman in History
* Quilliam Press: Uthman ibn Affan 
Views of the Arab Media on Uthman:
* Ever Since the Murder of Uthman
Shia view of Uthman:
* Uthman's election
* The assassination of Uthman Ibn Affan
* Uthman and Abdullah bin Massood
Adjei

**Adjeib** be a surname.
 Notable people plus de surname include:

* Benjamin Adjei (born 1990), German politician
* Daniel Adjei (born 1995), footballer for Hashtag United
* David Adjei (born 1977), Ghanaian footballer
* Eric Adjei (born 1984), Ghanaian footballer
* Francis Adjei, Ghanaian footballer
* Joseph Adjei (born 1995), Ghanaian footballer
* Lawrence Adjei (born 1979), Ghanaian footballer
* Mamé Adjei (born 1991), Ghanaian-American model
* Mavis Adjei, Ghanaian actor
* Natey Adjei (born 1989), Canadian football player
* Richard Adjei (born 1983), German bobsledder
* Sammi Adjei (born 1973), Ghanaian footballer
* Sammy Adjei (born 1980), Ghanaian footballer
* Samuel Adjei (born 1992), Swedish footballer
* Simon Adjei (born 1993), Swedish footballer

## Sanso see

* Ebenezer Ako-Adjei (1916–2002), Ghanaian politician
* Akwasi Osei-Adjei, Ghanaian politician
* Andrews Adjei-Yeboah, Ghanaian politician
* Agyei
* Adji (disambiguation)

## References
Adjepong

**Adjepong** be a surname den it may refer to:

* Eric Adjepong, American chef, television personality,  den author of Ghanaian descent
* Jason Adjepong Worilds (born 1988) American former NFL football outside linebacker
* Samuel Benson Adjepong (born 1914) Ghanaian politician
* Kwabs, sana be known as Kwabena Sarkodee Adjepong (born 1990) English singer den songwriter
Emelia Arthur

**Emelia Arthur** (born 1 October 1966) be a Ghanaian politician den development specialist.

Emelia Arthur be a consultant den former Advisor to de President of Ghana from 2013 to 2017 where she dey assist presidential appointees insyd aligning manifesto objectives plus presidential objectives den specific sector policy goals.

She currently dey serve as de Minister for Fisheries den Aquaculture den de Member of Parliament (MP) for de Shama constituency. 

She be a member of de National Democratic Congress (NDC), she previously dey serve as a Deputy Western Regional Minister den as de District Chief Executive for Shama.

## Early life den education
Dem born Emelia Arthur insyd Shama insyd de Western Region of Ghana. She be a Yale World Fellow (2002) den dey hold a Master’s degree insyd Public Administration. Ein academic den professional background be rooted insyd natural resource governance, gender inclusion, den sustainable development.

## Political career
Na she be appointed by President John Evans Atta Mills to serve as de Deputy Western Regional Minister, a role she held until de end of de administration ein first term insyd January 2013. Following dis, she dey serve as a Presidential Staffer den Advisor to de President from 2013 to 2017, focusing on policy alignment den manifesto implementation.

Insyd de December 2024 general elections, Emelia Arthur dey contest de Shama constituency seat on de ticket of de National Democratic Congress. She dey win de election plus 57% of de total votes cast, defeating de incumbent to represent de constituency insyd de 9th Parliament of de Fourth Republic.

## References


## External links
Umrah

De **Umrah** (Arabic: عُمْرَة, lit. 'to visit a populated place') be an Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, de holiest city for Muslims, wey dey locate insyd de Hejazi region of Saudi Arabia. E fi be undertaken at any time of de year, in contrast to de *[[Hajj|Ḥajj]]* (/hædʒ/; ""), whch get specific dates according to de Islamic lunar calendar. However, during de Hajj season (Dhu al-Hijjah), only those wey dey perform Hajj dem permit to perform Umrah, as per regulations set by de Saudi government to manage crowd control den ensure safety.

## Rites den rituals

In accordance to Islam give both pilgrimages, a Muslim first for assume *Ihram*, a state of purification dem achieve by completing cleansing rituals, wearing de prescribed attire, den abstaining from certain actions. Dis for be attained wen reaching a *Miqat*, a principal boundary point insyd Mecca, like *Dhu 'l-Hulaifah*, *Juhfah, Qarnu 'l-Manāzil, Yalamlam, Zāt-i-'Irq, Ibrahīm Mursīyah*, anaa a place insyd *Al-Hill*. Different conditions dey exist give air travelers, wey dem for observe Ihram once dem enter a specific perimeter insyd de city. 

Umrah dey require Muslims to perform two key rituals, *Tawaf* den *Sa'i*. Tawaf be a circling round de *[[Kaaba]]* seven times. Dis be followed by *Sa'i*, a walk between de hillocks of ''Safa'' and ''Marwah'' insyd de Great Mosque of Mecca to commemorate Hagar (Hājar) ein search for water give ein son, Ishmael (*Ismāʿīl*), den God ein mercy in answering ein prayers. Pilgrims dey conclude de pilgrimage plus *Halq*, a partial anaa complete shortening of de hair.

Umrah sam times be considered de "lesser pilgrimage", in dat e no be compulsory insyd all Islam schools of thought, buh be still highly recommended. E be mandatory according to de *Hanbalis* den according to de *Shafi'is*. E be generally able to be plete insyd a few hours, in comparison to Ḥajj, wich fi take a few days. E sanso no dey mean to be interpreted as a substitute give Hajj. However, both be demonstrations of de solidarity of de Muslim people, den dema submission to *[[Allah]]* (God).

## History
According to de Muslim traditional accounts, access to de Holy Site (den thus de right to practice de Hajj den Umrah pilgrimages) no always be granted to Muslims. Dem report insyd de Muslim traditional accounts say thru out Muhammad ein era, na de Muslims want to establish de right to perform Umrah den Hajj to Mecca since de latter be prescribed by de Quran. During dat time, na Arab Pagans occupy Mecca wey dem use to worship idols insyd Mecca.

### Coronavirus closings
On 26 February 2020, Saudi Arabia suspend travel to de country for reasons related to de Umrah, secof concerns over de rapid spread of coronavirus. After de reporting of de first case of coronavirus insyd Saudi Arabia, on 4 March 2020, de Riyadh government ban Umrah pilgrimage to de holy cities of Medina den Mecca for Saudi citizens, foreign visitors, den residents wey dey live insyd de kingdom. On 10 August 2021, dem resume Umrah for pilgrims wey dey cam from around de world.

## References


## External links
Manasik

**Manasik** (Arabic: مناسك) be de whole of rites den ceremonies wey dem for be performed by Islamic pilgrims insyd den around Mecca. De Qur'an dey differentiate between two manasiks: De Manasik of Hajj, dem for do insyd de month Dhu al-Hijjah den de Manasik of ʿUmra, wich fi be performed any time of de year. De knowledge of manasik be an independent part of Fiqh.

## Qur'anic statements

De Arabic term *mansak* anaa *mansik*, to wich *manāsik* dey form de plural, be nomen loci to de Arabic word *nusuk*. De term *nusuk* dey occur even insyd de Qur'an insyd Sura 2:196, wer e dey refer to a sacrifice wey dem for make as a substitute if de pilgrim prematurely cut ein hair. As a nomen loci, de term mansak thus dey refer to a place of sacrifice. However, e undergo a change of meaning over time. Even insyd de Qur'an einself, de term be used for certain sacrificial rites. Insyd dis sense, de term already dey appear insyd two places insyd se 22nd Sura dem name after de Hajj, insyd verse 34 den verse 67.

In addition, de plural term dey occur twice insyd Quran 2 in connection plus pilgrimage. Insys de first passage, Quran 2:128, Abraham dey address de petition to God to show am den ein Muslim offspring de rites (manasik). Insyd de second passage, Sura 2:200, dem dey call believers upon to commemorate de manasik of God, as dem inherit thought of dema poppies. De term already be used insyd de Qur'an for de entirety of de pilgrimage ceremonies.

## History

One of de earliest experts insyd manāsik be de Prophet ein Companion Abdullah ibn Umar. From am, dem report say he alternately go one year to Hajj den de oda year to 'Umrah. During de pilgrimage season (*mausim*) he be then active as Mufti. Togeda plus Abd Allah ibn Abbas he deliver ein Fatwa - Sessions on de arrival of de pilgrims.

One of de earliest monographic treatises on de entirety of de pilgrimage rites be de Kitāb al-Manāsik of of Qatāda ibn Diʿāma (he die 735/6). De first part of dis work dem preserve insyd de tradition of ein disciple Sa'īd ibn Abī'Arūba (he die 773). Later, na dem wrep numerous oda Manāsik works.

As Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje report, wey na he be insyd Mecca at de end of de 19th century, dem teach dr Manasik to de pilgrims insyd dema own colleges before de pilgrimage begin. 

Der be several general guidelines give Umrah den Hajj wey for be known by pilgrims wen insyd Medina den Mecca want to do Hajj anaa Umrah. Things wich no fi be applied insyd de country for be done insyd de Holy Land such as maintaining courtesy towards oda people from chaw countries.

## References
Fiqh

***Fiqh*** ([fiːk]; Arabic: فِقْه [fiqh]) be de term give Islamic jurisprudence. *Fiqh* often be described as de style of human understanding, research den practices of de *sharia*; wey be, human understanding of de divine Islamic law as dem reveal insyd de Quran as well as de *sunnah* (de teachings den practices of de Islamic prophet Muhammad den ein companions). *Fiqh* dey expand den dey develop sharia thru interpretation (*ijtihad*) of de Quran den sunnah by Islamic jurists (*ulama*) wey be implemented by de rulings (*fatwa*) of jurists on questions dem present to dem. Thus, whereas sharia be considered immutable den infallible by Muslims, *fiqh* be considered fallible den changeable.

*Fiqh* dey deal plus de observance of rituals, morals den social legislation insyd Islam as well as economic den political system. Insyd de modern era, der be four prominent schools (*madh'hab*) of *fiqh* within Sunni practice, plus two (anaa three) within Shi'a practice. A person dem train insyd *fiqh* be known as a *faqīh* (pl. *fuqaha*).

Figuratively, *fiqh* dey mean knowledge about Islamic legal rulings from dema sources. Deriving religious rulings from dema sources dey require de *mujtahid* (an individual wey dey exercise *ijtihad*) make dem get a deep understanding insyd de different discussions of jurisprudence.

De studies of *fiqh* traditionally be divided into *uṣūl al-fiqh* (principles of Islamic jurisprudence, lit. "de roots of fiqh"), de methods of legal interpretation den analysis, den *furūʿ al-fiqh* (lit. "de branches of fiqh"), de elaboration of rulings on de basis of dese principles. *Furūʿ al-fiqh* be de product of de application of *uṣūl al-fiqh* den de total product of human efforts at understanding de divine will. A *hukm* (pl. *aḥkām*) be a particular ruling insyd a given case.

## Etymology
De word *fiqh* be an Arabic term wey dey mean "deep understanding" anaa "full comprehension". Technically e dey refer to de body of Islamic law dem extract from detailed Islamic sources (wich dem study insyd de principles of Islamic jurisprudence) den de process of gaining knowledge of Islam thru jurisprudence. De historian Ibn Khaldun dey describe *fiqh* as "knowledge of de rules of God wich dey concern de actions of persons wey own demaselves connected to obey de law wey dey respect wat be required (*wajib*), sinful (*haraam*), recommended (*mandūb*), disapproved (*makrūh*), anaa neutral (*mubah*)". Dis definition be consistent amongst de jurists.

## References


## Read further
*Potz, Richard, Islamic Law and the Transfer of European Law, European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History, 2011. (Retrieved 28 November 2011.)
*[Saeed, Abu Hayyan, Jurisprudence of Islam (December 3, 2023). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4651796 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4651796]

## External links

* Types of Hanafi Legal Rulings (Ahkam)
* [Saeed, Abu Hayyan, Jurisprudence of Islam (December 3, 2023). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4651796 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4651796]
Mirriam Chinyama Chonya

**Mirriam Chinyama Chonya** (born 25 January 1971) be som  Zambian politician.

She be member of de National Assembly for Zambia for Kafue. She sana be member of de United Party for National Development.

## References
Halo Mohamed Ibrahim

**Halo Mohamed Ibrahim** (dem born am November 15, 1986) be Djiboutian politician wey serve as member for de Pan-African Parliament for Djibouti name insyd. She sanso dey de Parliament of Djibouti as de rapporteur for de Commission for Social Development and Environmental Protection.

She be de first born for de five kiddies. She go college for Malaysia before she blow finish plus ein bachelor's degree for Business Administration Marketing. After dat, she sana hustle for companies like DHL, Construction Alliance, Golden Africa, den Haro International.

= References =
Dhu al-Hijjah

**Dhu al-Hijjah** (sanso be **Dhu al-Hijja**;Arabic: ذُو ٱلْحِجَّة, romanized: *Ḏū al-Ḥijja* IPA: [ðul ħid͡ʒːa]) be de twelfth den final month insyd de Islamic calendar. E be one of de four sacred months during wich dem forbid war, e be de month insyd wich de *[[Hajj|Ḥajj]]* (Arabic: حج, lit. 'pilgrimage') dey take place as well as Eid al-Adha (Arabic: عيد الأضحى, lit. 'The Festival of de Sacrifice').

De Arabic name of de month, *Dhu al-Hijjah*, dey mean "Possessor of de Pilgrimage" anaa "De Month of de Pilgrimage". During dis month, Muslim pilgrims from all around de world dey congregate at Mecca to visit de Kaaba. De Hajj rites dey begin on de eighth day den continue for four anaa five days. De Day of Arafah dey take place on de ninth of de month. Eid al-Adha, de "Festival of de Sacrifice", dey begin on de tenth day den dey end on de thirteenth day.

De name of dis month sanso be spelled **Dhul-Hijja**. Insyd modern Turkish, de name be **Zilhicce**.

## Timing

De Islamic calendar be a lunar calendar, wey months dey begin wen dem sight new moon. Since de Islamic lunar calendar year be 11 to 12 days shorter dan de solar year, Dhu al-Hijjah dey migrate thru out de seasons. De estimated start den end dates for Dhu al-Hijja, based on de Umm al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia, be:

## Special days

* 8th–13th days of Dhu al-Hijjah be de days of de Hajj
* De 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah be de Day of Arafah
* Eid al-Adha on de 10th of Dhu al-Hijjah
* Eid al-Ghadeer on de 18th Dhu al-Hijjah

## Best 10 Days of de Year

De first 10 days of Dhul Hijjah be known as best 10 days of de year. As Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم say, "*There are no days on which righteous deeds are more beloved to Allah than these ten days*." Hadith Sahih al-Bukhari 

Charity among dese 10 sacred days be most important den blessed deed to do like Ramadan wey e be second chance of forgiveness by Allah SWT.

## Mention insyd Hadith

According to Hadith, dem mention great rewards for performing certain Islamic rituals on specific days of Dhu al-Hijja:

One of de wifeys of Muhammad say: "Allah ein Messenger use to fast de [first] nine days of Dhul-Hijjah, de day of 'Ashurah, den three days of each month."

De Prophet say: "*There are no days more beloved to Allah that He be worshipped in them than the ten days of Dhu al-Hijjah, fasting every day of them is the equivalent of fasting a year, and standing every night of them (in prayer) is the equivalent of standing on the [[Laylat al-Qadr|Night of Qadr]]*."

Abu Qatada dey narrate say dem biz Muhammad about fasting on de Day of Arafah. He say: *as for the fasting on the Day of Arafah, I anticipate that Allah will forgive the year (i.e. the sins of the year) after it and the year before it*.

## References


## External links

*Islamic-Western Calendar Converter (based on the Arithmetical or Tabular Calendar).
*Hadith on Dhul-Hijjah
Kadra Ahmed Hassan

**Kadra Ahmed Hassan** (Somali: **Khadra Axmed Xuseen**) be de person wey dey represent Djibouti for de United Nations and de World Trade Organization permanently. She be de heavy weight for de international level insyd.

## Life
Dem born Hassan for Ali Sabieh for Djibouti insyd for 1973. She hold master's degrees for political science from plenty universities, and Jean Moulin university Lyon III plus Montesquieu University all dey de list insyd. Ein first language be Somali buh she sanso dey flow French, English plus Arabic.

For 2007, she come turn Djibouti de chargé d'affaires for de United Nations, and from 2013 go reach 2015, dem pick am join de board for UN Women insyd.

Dem lift Hassan go up turn Republic of Djibouti de Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary for de Swiss Confederation for September 2016. Already, she be de Permanent Representative for de United Nations plus de World Trade Organization insyd. One guy wey dem dey call Roble Olhaye na he hold de position before he kpai for 2015, wey Hassan give am big respect for de 27 years wey he serve for de UN insyd for 2015. Ein work follow other agencies for Geneva and now de Swiss Confederation also join de matter formally.

For 2019, Hassan take de chair for de Social Forum for de United Nations Human Rights Council for Geneva inyd. For 2020, time wey de COVID-19 pandemic hit, she tell de United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees say medaase for de help wey dem give. Djibouti be country wey dey accept de children for refugees go demma schools, but Climate change plus de pandemic dey give de poor country heavy load for demma neck. She sanso be de Chair for de Ad Hoc Committee wey dey work for de Elaboration of Complementary Standards to de International Convention on de Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; "de plan be say dem for make new standards, whether e be convention or additional protocol, make dem take block de holes for de International Convention on de Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, so dem go fit fight any kind of new-age racism wey dey go on, including people wey dey ginger racial and religious hatred."

## References
Kadidja Mohamed Ali

**Kadidja Mohamed Ali** be Djiboutian politician. For 2003, dem elect am go de National Assembly, wey she be one of de first woman ever to enter dat legislature insyd.

= Career =
Prior to de 2003 elections, dem pass a new electoral law wey require at least 10% of party lists to consist of each gender. Dem elect Ali insyd Djibouti Region as a representative of de Union for the Presidential Majority. She be one of seven successful female candidates wey cam be de first women insyd de National Assembly.

= References =
Khadija Abeba

**Khadija Abeba** be de President of de Supreme Court for Djibouti way she sana be de country's highest-ranking female official.

## Career
Dem appointed Abeba as de President for de Supreme Court of Djibouti in 1996. She go become de Head of State if President Ismaël Omar Guelleh come sick or die. Human rights wey dey Djibouti be Abeba ein major concern,she organised workshops with de state. Djiboutian League for Human Rights (LDDH) so say dem go look for solutions wey dey worry de country.

Khadija Abeba sana becme de first female judge in 1977, den in 1996 she become de first woman in Djibouti to be President of de Court of Appeal. Judges wey follow am to de Djiboutian judicial system be Chantal Clément, Fozia Hassan Bahdon den Naïba Djama. Mannes sana know Abeba as de progressive legislator in Djibouti. Whilst women have de right to vote in Djibouti dema political representation still be limited.  In 2003 dem appoint Hawa Ahmed Youssouf to de role of Secretary of State for de Promotion of Women and Family and Social Affairs. 

## References
Kadra Mahamoud Haid

**Kadra Mahamoud Haid** (Somali: *Khadra Maxamuud Xayd*) be Djiboutian politician, political advisor, plus First Lady for Djibouti since 1999. She be de wife for President Ismaïl Omar Guelleh.

For 2003, Haid talk against female genital mutilation (FGM), she say, "Dis things wey dem dey do no finish, about two million young girls every year, 6,000 every day, still dey pass through dis mutilations for all demma ways inside. De wahala wey dey follow be heavy, e fit cause person kpai by haemorrhage, urinary infections, cysts plus childbirth wahala, and de mental torture for de head self join." Although 1995 law ban FGM, dem estimate say 98% for women for Djibouti insyd be victims for de matter.

Somali businessman Abdourahman Boreh, wey be one of de richest people for Djibouti, dem sack am for de country because of investment wahala wey he plus Haid get.

For 2014, dem report say Guelleh "holds on to that power jealously, sharing it only with his influential wife". Africa Intelligence talk say she "acts as a sort of vice president" for de matter insyd.

## References
Adom Praiz

**Adom Praiz** be an annual gospel music concert dat be organized at *The Perez Dome* insyd Accra, Ghana. Na e dey start insyd 2009 at de Accra International Conference Centre den organized by Adom FM. De event has been attended by both local den international award-winning gospel musicians den groups.

## 2022 edition
De 2022 edition of Adom Praiz be organized on October 19 den was headlined by de famous American gospel musician Travis Greene at Perez Dome insyd Accra. De two-day gospel event wey dey start on Nov 3-4 saw great musicians grace de occasion from both de international den local scene plus some gospel artists like Ohemaa Mercy, Perez Musik, Celestine Donkor, Edwin Dadson, Jack Alolome, den oda musicians performing at de event.

At de launch of de event wey dey take place at Victory Bible Church at Kokomlemle, Accra, de General Manager, Sales den Customer Service of Multimedia, Mr. Max Fugar, expressed ein excitement about de return of de event to de live audience after de 2021 edition be held virtually due to COVID-19.

## Airtel Adom Praiz
Airtel Ghana dey be a major participant insyd one of de largest den most prominent gospel events on de Ghanaian gospel calendar. For seven consecutive years, Airtel, insyd partnership plus Adom FM, dey organize an annual concert showcasing leading gospel performers. Dis event, known as Airtel Adom Praiz, dey attract some of de world ein most notable gospel artists, who have performed on ein stage den contributed to ein recognition as a significant fixture insyd Ghana ein gospel music scene.

## Artists
Some notable musicians to have performed at de event included:

### Local

* Denzel Prempeh
* Stella Aba Seal
* Kwaku Gyasi

### International

* Kirk Franklin
* Ron Kenoly
* Cece Winans
* Israel Houghton
* Brooklyn Tabernacle Choir
* Hezekiah Walker
* Travis Greene

## References
Nisholda

**Nisholda**, dem sanso spell as nishallo, nishaldo, anaa nisholda (Persian: نشلا‎; Bukharian dialect: Нишалло; Tajik: Нишолло ; Uzbek: Nisholda) be a sweet dish wey dey resemble white jam, only thicker. E be popular insyd Afghan, Iranian, Tajik, den Uzbek cuisines. Nisholda sanso be a traditional dish among de Bukharan (Central Asian, Samarkand) Jews.

De people wey make nisholda insyd Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, den Uzbekistan be called nishallopaz.

Nisholda be traditionally prepared during de month of Ramadan (Ramazan) wey be consumed by those wey dey fast during iftar, along plus breads, den washed down plus hot tea (usually green).

## Preparation
Raw egg whites from four eggs be whipped til dem increase in volume several times, to de state wer thick foam stays on de spoon. After dat, de soap root be peeled, cut into pieces den boiled insyd water for 25 minutes. Sam people replace de soap root plus licorice syrup. De ready-made broth be cooled den added to de whipped egg whites den whipped again.

Meanwhile, a syrup be boiled from sugar, citric acid den water. After dat, dis cooled syrup be added to de whipped egg white foam den continuously stirred til de whole mass cam be homogeneous, similar to thick sour cream.

Nisholda be stirred plus a special wooden spoon. De ready-made nisholda be served insyd a bowl anaa a large plate. Traditionally, a pinch of anise powder be sprinkled over de nisholda, sam people add vanilla.

Insyd Tashkent, den insyd de oda regions of de Republic of Uzbekistan, dem sell de delicacy at bazaars right insyd huge pots, cauldrons. Since de eggs no be heat-treated during de preparation, e be best to use pasteurized whites anaa well-washed fresh eggs from a trusted manufacturer.

De syrup for no separate from de foam den settle to de bottom of well-whipped nisholda. For flavor, citric acid den vanilla be added to de nisholda wen whipping. Dem serve insyd bowls, cups, anaa vases plus tea, at festive receptions.

## References


## Bibliography
* 
*
Adomako

**Adomako** anaa **Adomakoh** be an Akan language surname plus Ashanti origins. Notable people plus dis surname include:

* Albert Adomakoh (1922–2016), Ghanaian economist, former governor of de Bank of Ghana
* Alex Adomako-Mensah (born 1962), Ghanaian politician, member of the Parliament of Ghana
* Daniel Adomako (born 1979), Ghanaian sprinter
* Daniel Adomako (musician) (born 1991), Ghanaian-Italian artiste, winner of *Italia's Got Talent* - 4
* Evans Adomako (born 1997), Ghanaian professional footballer

De name sanso be used insyd de following contexts:

* *R v Adomako*, a 1994 House of Lords case on gross negligence manslaughter
Aduana

** Aduana** be one of de Eight major Akan clans of Ghana. E sana be de second largest clan insyd terms of population.

De totem of de Aduana clan be a dog, sometimes a Frog den Snake. According to legend, a dog dey lead de clan during demma migration process to demma first settlement Kumkumso forest insyd Hemang, lighting de path plus fire insyd ein mouth. E sana be believed dat dis fire still be at de palace of de clan ein major town.

### Ivor wilks. Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana

### Vol. 3, No. 3 (1958), pp. 215-217 (3 pages)

### Published By: Historical Society of Ghana

## References
Harun al-Rashid

**Abū Jaʿfar Hārūn ibn Muḥammad ar-Rashīd**, anaa simply **Hārūn ibn al-Mahdī**[f] (c. 763 or 766 – 24 March 809), dem famously know as **Hārūn al-Rashīd**, na he be de fifth Abbasid caliph of de Abbasid Caliphate, wey reign from September 786 til ein death insyd March 809. Ein reign be traditionally regarded to be de beginning of de Islamic Golden Age. Ein epithet *al-Rashid* dey translate to  "the Just", "the Upright", anaa "the Rightly-Guided".

Harun establish de legendary library Bayt al-Hikma ("House of Wisdom") insyd Baghdad insyd present-day Iraq, den during ein rule Baghdad begin to flourish as a world center of knowledge, culture den trade. During ein rule, de family of Barmakids, wich play a deciding role in establishing de Abbasid Caliphate, decline gradually. Insyd 796, he move ein court den government to Raqqa insyd present-day Syria. Domestically, Harun pursue policies similar to those of ein poppie Al-Mahdi. He release chaw of de Umayyads den 'Alids ein bro Al-Hadi imprison wey he declare amnesty give all political groups of de Quraysh. Large scale hostilities break out plus Byzantium, den under ein rule, de Abbasid Empire reach ein peak.

A Frankish mission cam to offer Harun friendship insyd 799. Harun send various presents plus de emissaries on dema return to Charlemagne ein court, wey dey include a clock wey Charlemagne den ein retinue deem to be a conjuration secof de sounds e emanate den de tricks e display every time an hour tick. Portions of de fictional *One Thousand and One Nights* dem set insyd Harun ein court den sam of ein stories involve Harun einself. Harun ein life den court be de subject of chaw oda tales, both factual den fictitious.

## Early life
Dem born Hārūn insyd Rey, then part of Jibal insyd de Abbasid Caliphate, insyd present-day Tehran Province, Iran. He be de son of al-Mahdi (r. 775–785), de third Abbasid caliph, den ein wifey al-Khayzuran, wey she be a woman of strong den independent personality wey greatly influence affairs of state insyd de reigns of ein husbie den sons. Growing up Harun study history, geography, rhetoric, music, poetry, den economics. However, chaw of ein time be dedicated to mastering hadith den de Quran. In addition, he undergo advance physical education as a future mujahid, den as a result, he practice swordplay, archery, wey he learn de art of war. Ein birth date be debated, wey various sources dey give dates from 763 to 766.

## References


## External links

*  (PDF version)
Choukri Djibah

**Choukri Houssein Djibah** be Djiboutian politician den women's equality activist.

## Career
Djibah be de Director of Gender for Ministry of Women and Family for Djibouti. She work togeda plus oda government people for Djibouti den United Nations to create programme den support wey go help gender justice for ein country.

## References
Muharram

**Al-Muharram** (Arabic: ٱلْمُحَرَّم, romanized: al-Muḥarram) be de first month of de Islamic calendar. E be one of de four sacred months of de year wen warfare be banned. E dey precede de month of Safar. De tenth of Muharram be known as Ashura, an important day of commemoration insyd Islam. For Sunni Muslims, de day dey commemorate de parting of de Red Sea by Moses den de salvation of de Israelites, dem observe thru voluntary fasting den oda permissible expressions of gratitude. By contrast, Ashura be a day of mourning give Shia Muslims, wey annually dey commemorate de death of Husayn ibn Ali, grandson of de Islamic prophet Muhammad den de third Shia imam. Dem kill Husayn, alongside chaw of ein relatives den ein small retinue, insyd de Battle of Karbala insydn680 CE against de army of de Umayyad caliph Yazid ibn Mu'awiya (r. 680–683). De Shia rituals span de first ten days of Muharram, dey culminate on Ashura plus mourning processions insyd Shia cities. Also insyd Muharram, dem initially set de Aqsa mosque insyd Jerusalem as de direction of prayer give early Muslims.

## Origins
Muharram (lit. 'sacred') be de first month of de Islamic calendar, plus (at most) thirty days. Warfare insyd Muharram be forbidden, wey na e be so since before de advent of Islam. De word *Muharram* be short give "Muharram Safar" (lit. 'sacred Safar'), wich dey distinguish insyd de ancient Arab calendar between Safar I, wich na be sacred, den Safar II, wich na e no be. Over time, however, de adjective  einself cam be de name of de first month of de year.

## Ashura

De tenth of Muharram be known as Ashura, an important day of commemoration insyd Islam. For Sunni Muslims, Ashura dey mark de parting of de Red Sea by Moses den de salvation of de Israelites. Also on dis day, Noah disembark from de Ark, God forgive Adam, wey dem release Joseph from prison, among various auspicious events on Ashura insyd Sunni tradition. Dem dey celebrate Ashura insyd Sunni Islam thru supererogatory fasting, den also oda pious acts den acceptable expressions of joy. Insyd sam Sunni communities, de annual Ashura festivities dey include carnivals, bonfires, den special dishes, even though sam Sunni scholars criticize such practices.

By contrast, for Shia Muslims, Ashura be a day of mourning as dem commemorate de martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali, grandson of de Islamic prophet Muhammad den de third Shia imam. Husayn refuse on moral grounds to pledge ein allegiance to de Umayyad caliph Yazid ibn Mu'awiya (r. 680–683) wey na dem subsequently kill am, alongside chaw of ein male relatives den ein small retinue, by de Umayyad army insyd de Battle of Karbala on Ashura 61 AH (680 CE). Among de Shia, dem dey view mourning give Husayn as an act of protest against oppression, den as such a struggle give God (*jihad*). Mourners sanso hope to secure de intercession of Husayn insyd de afterlife. Dem dey observe Ashura annually thru mourning gatherings, processions, den reenactments.

## Timing

## References


## External links
Ihram

***Ihram*** (Arabic: إِحْرَام, romanized: *iḥrām*, from de Semitic root Ḥ-R-M) be a sacred state wich a Muslim for enter to perform de Ḥajj (major pilgrimage) anaa *<nowiki/>'[[Umrah]]* (minor pilgrimage) insyd Islam. A pilgrim for enter into dis state before crossing de pilgrimage boundary dem know as de Miqat by performing de cleansing rituals den dey wear de prescribed Ihram clothing.

## Restrictions

### Wearing
A man insyd de state of *ihram* for no tie knots anaa wear stitched items. Sandals den flip-flops fi be stitched, buh dem for allow de ankle den back of de foot to be exposed (sam od schools of thought sanso agree say de front of de foot for be shown as well). 

Insyd de state of ihram, men no be allowed to cover dema heads anaa parts of am plus a cloth anaa headwear.

Insyd de state of ihram, women den men be prohibited from wearing gloves.

### Scents
While insyd de state of *ihram*, a Muslim for no use any scents on de body anaa de robes. If de robe be fouled by najas (, dirty) material anaa e be wiped, rubbed anaa touched by scented liquids (intentionally), then a new *iḥrām* clothing for be worn, anaa de Umrah anaa Hajj go be invalid.

### Self-grooming
Aside from e for be as clean (purified) as dem be for prayer, male Muslims be expected to cut dema nails, den trim dema hair den moustache. Dem sanso for wear deodorant. Dem for wear *ihram* clothing, wich be a white, seamless garment. Chaw sanso shave dema head as dis be considered hygienic. Chaw go wait to shave dema heads til after dem fini Umrah anaa Hajj, as dis be a requirement to leave de state of *ihram*. Female Muslims sanso be expected to be clean. During de pilgrimage, sexual activity, smoking, den swearing sanso be forbidden.

### Environment

E be forbidden for every pilgrim of Hajj den Umrah wen insyd ihram to uproot, cut, break, anaa grind de branches of living trees insyd de Haramayn, de Two Sacred Places. Dese be Mecca den Medina (now insyd Saudi Arabia, den dey include de Masjid al-Haram, Mount Arafat, Muzdalifah, den Mina) den al-Aqsa (de region on top of de Temple Mount insyd Jerusalem). Dis be secof de trees wey thrive insyd de Haramayn be blessed.

E be forbidden for every person insyd ihram to hunt, shoot, kill, sacrifice, capture, confine, destroy anaa abuse any animal. Dis prohibition dey apply to all land animals, birds, den insects oda dan marine animals.

If a person accidentally step on anaa kill small animals anaa insects, such as small black ants, grasshoppers, etc., he no be considered guilty, buh he for pay a fine according to de value of de insects dem kill.

A person fi kill animals den insects wey fi harm dem anaa oda pilgrims, such as mosquitoes, snakes, scorpions, den spiders. However, driving away de insect anaa animal first be preferable if possible.

## References


## External links

* The Five Pillars of Islam, Hajj (Pilgrimage), The Fifth Pillar of Islam, Holy Sites/Mistakes of Pilgrims - An article on the many different beliefs surrounding the wearing of ihram by Sheikh Dr. Ghanim Saleh Al-Sadlan, professor of Higher Islamic Studies at the Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University.
* Ihram Encyclopædia Britannica online
Mount Arafat

**Mount Arafat** (Arabic: جَبَل عَرَفَات, romanized: *Jabal ʿArafāt*, anaa جَبَل ٱلرَّحْمَة, *Jabal ar-Raḥmah*, 'Mountain of Mercy') be a granodiorite hill about 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Mecca, insyd de province of de same name insyd Saudi Arabia. E be approximately 70 m (230 ft) insyd height, plus ein highest point sitting at an elevation of 454 metres (1,490 ft).

De Prophet Muhammad, before becoming a Prophet, go break de tradition of ein tribe, de Quraysh, by standing at Arafat plus de oda Arabs, much to de shock of ein fellow Qurayshite Jubair bin Mut`im wey highlight wey na he be a part of de Hums den questioning wat business he get der.

According to Islamic traditions, de hill be de place wer de Islamic prophet Muhammad stand den deliver de Farewell Sermon (*Khuṭbat al-Wadāʿ*) to ein companions (*Ṣaḥābah*) wey dem accompany am for de Hajj towards de end of ein life. Sam Muslims sanso believe say Mount Arafat be de place wer Adam den Eve reunite on Earth after falling from Heaven, wey dem dey believe de mountain to be de place wer dem be forgiven, hence dem give am de name *Jabal ar-Raḥmah*, wey dey mean 'Mountain of Mercy'. Dem erect a pillar on top of de mountain to show wer na dem believe dis event take place.

De mountain especially be important during de Hajj, wey de 9th day of de Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah, dem sanso know as de Day of 'Arafah after de mountain einself, e be de day wen Hajj pilgrims leave Mina for Arafat; dis day be considered to be de most important day of de Hajj. Dem dey deliver de *khuṭbah* (sermon) wey dem dey pray ''ẓuhr'' den ''ʿaṣr'' prayers togeda insyd de valley. De pilgrims spend de whole day on de mountain invoking Allah to forgive dema sins.

## Hajj
Arafat rituals end at sunset den pilgrims then move to Muzdalifah for Maghrib prayer den a shortened Isha prayer den for a short rest.

Dem dey call de level area wey dey surround de hill de Plain of Arafat. De term Mount Arafat sam times be applied to dis entire area. E be an important place insyd Islam secof, during de Hajj, pilgrims spend de afternoon der on de ninth day of Dhu al-Hijjah. Failure to be present insyd de plain of Arafat on de required day invalidate de pilgrimage.
File:Arafat_pilgrims.jpg|Pilgrims dey supplicate
File:Masjid_Namirah_-_panoramio.jpg|Masjid al-Namirah
File:Jabal-e-Rehmat_(Mount_Arafat).jpg|Pilgrims dey supplicate during Hajj
File:Jabal-e-Rehmat_(Mount_of_Mercy)_Mount_Arafat.jpg|Entrance of Jabal ar-Rahmah (Mount of de Mercy)
File:Jabal-e-Rehmat_(Mount_of_Mercy).jpg|Pilgrims
File:Jabal-e-Rehmat_Mount_of_Mercy_Mount_Arafat.jpg
File:Jabal-e-Rehmat.jpg
File:Jabal-e-Rehmat_(Mount_of_Mercy_Mount_Arafat).jpg


## Insyd literature
Dem reference de hill insyd James Joyce ein novel *Finnegans Wake* den Elias Canetti ein *Crowds and Power.*

## References


## External links

* Muslim pilgrims gather at Mount Arafat for Hajj's key moment (YouTube)
* Muslim pilgrims scale Mount Arafat for peak of hajj
* Millions Of Muslim Pilgrims Gather At Mount Arafat To Mark Pinnacle Of Hajj | TIME
* اكثر من 2 مليون حاج يصعدون إلى جبل عرفات 1433 هـ (in Arabic)
Shia Islam

**Shia Islam** be de second-largest branch of Islam. E dey hold say Muhammad designate Ali ibn Abi Talib (r. 656–661) as both ein political successor (caliph) den as de spiritual leader of de Muslim community (imam). However, dem understand ein right be usurped by a number of Muhammad ein companions at de meeting of Saqifa, during wich dem appoint Abu Bakr (r. 632–634) as caliph instead. As such, Sunni Muslims dey believe Abu Bakr, Umar (r. 634–644), Uthman (r. 644–656) den Ali to be 'rightly-guided caliphs', whereas Shia Muslims dey regard Ali per as de legitimate successor.

Shia Muslims dey believe say de imamate continue thru Ali ein sons, Hasan den Husayn, after wich various Shia branches develop den recognize different imams. Dem revere de *ahl al-bayt*, de family of Muhammad, wey dey maintain say dem possess divine knowledge. Shia holy sites dey include de shrine of Ali insyd Najaf, de shrine of Husayn insyd Karbala, den oda mausoleums of de *ahl al-bayt*. Later events, such as Husayn ein martyrdom insyd de Battle of Karbala (680 CE), further influence de development of Shia Islam, wey dey contribute to de formation of a distinct religious sect plus ein own rituals den shared collective memory.

Shia Islam be followed by 10–13% of all Muslims, wey dey number at an estimated 200–260 million followers worldwide as of 2025. De three main Shia branches be Twelverism, Isma'ilism, den Zaydism. Shia Muslims dey form a majority of de population insyd Iran, Iraq, den Azerbaijan, as well as about half of de citizen population of Bahrain. Dem sanso dey find significant Shia communities insyd Lebanon, Kuwait, Turkey, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan den de Indian subcontinent. Iran dey stand as de world ein only country wer Shia Islam dey form de foundation of both ein laws den governance system.

## References


## External links

* 
* 
* 
*
National Union of Ghana Students

De **National Union of Ghana Students** (**NUGS**) be one mandated den government-sanctioned body wey dey represent students for Ghana insyd. Dem establish am by Act of Parliament wey dem dey operate for de national framework for de Ministry wey dey responsible for Education for Ghana.

De union dey trace demma origin to de Union of Gold Coast Students wey be organization wey dey active for West Africa for de 1930s. Na dem also dey advocate say make dem end Britain demma colonial rule den pursue independence. For de date wey dem establish am, ebe unknown. Demma official channels dey talk say ebe 1962 or 1964, wey some of demma alumni like Anselmus Kludze dey talk sey ein serve as President from 1962 to 1963 wey ebe ein wey succeed P. D. Vanderpuije wey dey commot from de then University of Science and Technology (UST) wey ein preceed  F. Y. I. Fiagbe. For dis period insyd, dem arrest bunch squad wey be leaders under de Preventive Detention Act.

## Leadership

* President/CEO - Rashid Ibrahim Esq.
* General Secretary - Benedict Amelorku
* Secretary for Finance - Emmanuel Akwesi Agyei
* Women's Development Secretary - Masiata Sufyani
* Secretary for Education - Bismark Osei Bekoe
* International Relations Sec. - Emmanuel Owusu Amponsah
* Entrepreneurship & Skills Dev - Titus Owusu Darko
* Societies & Welfare Sec - Ellen Appiah
* Sec. for Union Development - John Arthur Jnr.
* Sec. for Projects & Programs - Paul Amoldago
* Sec. for Press & Information - Afful Owusu

## References
Hijrah

De **Hijrah**, (Arabic: الهجرة, romanized: *al-Hijrah*, lit. 'migration') sanso be **Hegira** (from Medieval Latin), be de journey de Islamic prophet Muhammad den ein followers take from Mecca to Medina. De year insyd wich na de Hijrah take place sanso be identified as de epoch of de Lunar Hijri den Solar Hijri calendars; ein date dey equate to 16 July 622 insyd de Julian calendar.

Early insyd Muhammad ein preaching of Islam, na ein followers include ein close paddies den relatives per. Chaw of ein tribesmen, de Quraysh, however, be indifferent to ein activities, as dem no dey appear to be particularly interested insyd devotional meetings, den accordingly, Muhammad no encounter any serious opposition from dem; dat be de case til he begin to challenge dema beliefs, wich cause tensions to arise.

Insyd May 622, after he convene twice plus members of de Medinan tribes of Aws den Khazraj at al-'Aqabah near Mina, Muhammad secretly lef ein home insyd Mecca to emigrate to dema city, along plus ein paddie, father-in-law den companion Abu Bakr.

## Aftermath den legacy

Muhammad ein followers suffer from poverty after dem flee persecution insyd Mecca den migrating plus Muhammad to Medina. Dema Meccan persecutors seize dema wealth den belongings dem lef behind insyd Mecca. Beginning insyd January 623, Muhammad lead several raids against Meccan caravans wey dey travel along de eastern coast of de Red Sea. Dem thus unify members of different tribes by de urgency of de moment. Dis unity primarily be based on de bonds of kinship.

De second Rashidun Caliph, Umar ibn Al-Khattab, designate de Muslim year during wich de Hegira occur de first year of de Islamic calendar insyd 638 anaa de 17th year of de Hegira. Dem later Latinized am to , de abbreviation of wich be still used to denote Hijri dates today. Burnaby dey state say: "*Historians in general assert that Muhammad fled from Mecca at the commencement of the third month of the Arabian year, Rabi 'u-l-awwal. They do not agree as to the precise day. According to Ibn-Ishak, it was on the first or second day of the month"*.

Several Islamic historians den scholars, wey dey include Al Biruni, Ibn Sa'd, den Ibn Hisham, discuss dese dates in depth.

## References


## External links

*Incident of the cave
* IslamiCity.com article on the Hijrah
* Articles, audios on the Hijrah
Abu Hanifa

**Abu Hanifa** (Arabic: أَبُو حَنِيفَة, romanized: *Abū Ḥanīfa*; 5 September 699 CE – 18 June 767 CE) na he be a Muslim scholar, jurist, theologian, ascetic, den eponym of de Hanafi school of Sunni jurisprudence, wich remain de most widely practiced to dis day. Ein school predominates insyd Central den South Asia, Turkey, Africa, de Balkans, Russia, den sam parts of de Arab world.

Sources disagree on exactly wer dem born am, whether insyd Kufa (dem hold by de majority), Kabul, Anbar, Nasa anaa Termez. Abu Hanifa travel to de Hejaz region of Arabia insyd ein youth, wer he study insyd de Islamic holy cities of Mecca den Medina. Al-Dhahabi name am as "one of de geniuses of de sons of Adam" wey "combine jurisprudence, worship, scrupulousness, den generosity".

As ein career as a jurist den theologian progress, he cam be known for favoring de use of reason insyd ein jurisprudential rulings, den even insyd ein theology. Ein school grow after ein death, den de majority of ein followers sanso be eventually cam to follow de Maturidi school of theology. He lef behind two major students, Abu Yusuf den Muhammad al-Shaybani, wey later go cam be celebrated jurists insyd dema own right.

## References


## External links

* The Life of Imam Abu Hanifa Biography at Lost Islamic History.
* Imam Abu Hanifa by Jamil Ahmad.
* Al-Wasiyyah of Imam Abu Hanifah Translated into English by Shaykh Imam Tahir Mahmood al-Kiani.
* Book on Imam e Azam Abu Hanifa (Urdu)
* Abu Hanifa on Muslim heritage
* Imām Abū Ḥanīfah By Shiekh G. F. Haddad
* Some teachers and students of Imam Abu Hanifa