Cirrhosis

**Cirrhosis**, dem sanso know as **liver cirrhosis** anaa **hepatic cirrhosis**, **chronic liver failure** anaa **chronic hepatic failure** den **end-stage liver disease**, be a chronic condition of de liver insyd wich de normal functioning tissue, anaa parenchyma, be replaced plus scar tissue (fibrosis) den regenerative nodules as a result of chronic liver disease. Damage to de liver dey lead to repair of liver tissue den subsequent formation of scar tissue. Over time, scar tissue den nodules of regenerating hepatocytes fi replace de parenchyma, wey dey cause increased resistance to blood flow insyd de liver's capillaries—de hepatic sinusoids —den consequently portal hypertension, as well as impairment insyd oda aspects of liver function.

De disease typically dey develop slowly over months anaa years. Stages dey include compensated cirrhosis den decompensated cirrhosis. Early symptoms fi include tiredness, weakness, loss of appetite, unexplained weight loss, nausea den vomiting, den discomfort insyd de right upper quadrant of de abdomen. As de disease worsens, symptoms fi include itchiness, swelling insyd de lower legs, fluid build-up insyd de abdomen, jaundice, bruising easily, den de development of spider-like blood vessels insyd de skin. De fluid build-up insyd de abdomen fi develop into spontaneous infections. More serious complications dey include hepatic encephalopathy, bleeding from dilated veins insyd de esophagus, stomach, anaa intestines, den liver cancer.

Cirrhosis most commonly be caused by medical conditions wey dey include alcohol-related liver disease, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH&nbsp;– de progressive form of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease, dem previously call non-alcoholic fatty liver disease anaa NAFLD), heroin abuse, chronic hepatitis&nbsp;B, den chronic hepatitis&nbsp;C. Chronic heavy drinking fi cause alcoholic liver disease. Na dem sanso attribute liver damage to heroin usage over an extended period of time as well. MASH get chaw causes, wey dey include obesity, high blood pressure, abnormal levels of cholesterol, type&nbsp;2 diabetes, den metabolic syndrome. Less common causes of cirrhosis dey include autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, den primary sclerosing cholangitis wey dey disrupt bile duct function, genetic disorders such as Wilson's disease den hereditary hemochromatosis, den chronic heart failure plus liver congestion.

Diagnosis dey base on blood tests, medical imaging, den liver biopsy.

Hepatitis&nbsp;B vaccine fi prevent hepatitis&nbsp;B den de development of cirrhosis from am, but no vaccination against hepatitis&nbsp;C be available. Dem no know specific treatment give cirrhosis, buh chaw of de underlying causes fi be treated by medications wey fi slow anaa prevent worsening of de condition. Hepatitis&nbsp;B den C fi be treatable plus antiviral medications. Avoiding alcohol be recommended insyd all cases. Autoimmune hepatitis fi be treated plus steroid medications. Ursodiol fi be useful if de disease be secof blockage of de bile duct. Oda medications fi be useful for complications such as abdominal anaa leg swelling, hepatic encephalopathy, den dilated esophageal veins. If cirrhosis dey lead to liver failure, a liver transplant fi be an option. Biannual screening give liver cancer dey use abdominal ultrasound, possibly plus additional blood tests, be recommended secof de high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma wey dey arise from dysplastic nodules.

Cirrhosis wey be affected about 2.8&nbsp;million people wey result insyd 1.3&nbsp;million deaths insyd 2015. Of dese deaths, na alcohol cause 348,000 (27%), hepatitis&nbsp;C cause 326,000 (25%), den hepatitis&nbsp;B cause 371,000 (28%). Insyd de United States, more men die of cirrhosis dan women. De first known description of de condition be by Hippocrates insyd de fifth century BCE. Na dem derive de term "cirrhosis" insyd 1819 from de Greek word "kirrhos", wich dey describe de yellowish color of a diseased liver.

## References


## External links

* Cirrhosis of the Liver at the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC). NIH Publication No. 04-1134, December 2003.
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