Graves' disease

**Graves' disease**, dem sanso know am as **toxic diffuse goiter** anaa **Basedow’s disease**, be autoimmune disease wey dey affect de thyroid. E frequently dey result insyd wey ebe de most common cause of hyperthyroidism. E sanso often dey result insyd enlarged thyroid. Signs den symptoms of hyperthyroidism fi include irritability, muscle weakness, sleeping problems, a fast heartbeat, poor tolerance of heat, diarrhea den unintentional weight loss. Oda symptoms fi include thickening of de skin for de shins, dem know as pretibial myxedema, den eye bulging, a condition cause by Graves' ophthalmopathy. About 25 to 30% of people plus de condition develop eye problems.

## Diagnosis
Graves disease fi present clinically plus one anaa more of dese characteristic signs:
* Rapid heartbeat (80%)
* Diffuse palpable goiter plus audible bruit (70%)
* Tremor (40%)
* Exophthalmos (protuberance of one anaa both eyes), periorbital edema (25%)
* Fatigue (70%), weight loss (60%) plus increased appetite insyd young people den poor appetite insyd de elderly, den oda symptoms of hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis
* Heat intolerance (55%)
* Tremulousness (55%)
* Palpitations (50%)

### Eye disease
Severity of eye disease fi be classified by de mnemonic: "NO SPECS":
* Class 0: No signs anaa symptoms
* Class 1: Only signs (limited to upper lid retraction den stare, plus anaa widout lid lag)
* Class 2: Soft tissue involvement (oedema of conjunctivae den lids, conjunctival injection, etc.)
* Class 3: Proptosis
* Class 4: Extraocular muscle involvement (usually plus diplopia)
* Class 5: Corneal involvement (primarily due to lagophthalmos)
* Class 6: Sight loss (due to optic nerve involvement)
### Antithyroid drugs
### Radioiodine

### Surgery
### Eyes
## Prognosis
## Epidemiology

## History
## Society den culture
### Notable cases

* Ayaka, Japanese singer, na dem diagnose plus Graves disease insyd 2007. After she go public plus ein diagnosis insyd 2009, she take two-year hiatus from music make she focus for treatment top.
* Susan Elizabeth Blow, American educator den founder of de first publicly funded kindergarten insyd de United States, na dem force am make she retire den seek treatment for Graves disease insyd 1884.
* George H. W. Bush, former U.S. presido, he develop fresh atrial fibrillation wey na dem diagnose insyd 1991 plus hyperthyroidism secof de disease wey dem treat am plus radioactive iodine. De presido ein wifey, Barbara Bush, sanso develope de disease around de same time, wich, insyd ein case, produce severe infiltrative exophthalmos.
* Rodney Dangerfield, American comedian den actor
* Gail Devers, American sprinter: A doctor dem consider make dem amputate ein feet after she develop blistering den swelling wey dey follow radiation treatment for Graves' disease, buh she go on make she recover den win Olympic medals.
* Missy Elliott, American hip-hop artist
* Marty Feldman, British comedy writer, comedian den actor
* Sia, Australian singer den songwriter
* Sammy Gravano, Italian-American former underboss of de Gambino crime family
* Jim Hamilton, Scottish rugby player, na he discover he get Graves' disease shortly after she retire from de sport insyd 2017.
* Heino, German folk singer, wey ein dark sunglasses (he wear make he hide ein symptoms) cam turn part of ein trademark look
* Herbert Howells, British composer; de first person make dem treat plus radium injections
* Vybz Kartel, Jamaican dancehall musician; he contract de disease while dem incarcerate am
* Yayoi Kusama, Japanese artist
* Nadezhda Krupskaya, Russian Communist den wifey of Vladimir Lenin
* Umm Kulthum wey na she be Egyptian singer, songwriter, den film actress active from de 1920s to de 1970s.
* Barbara Leigh, American former actress den fashion model, now spokeswoman for de National Graves' Disease Foundation
* Keiko Masuda, Japanese singer den one-half of de duo Pink Lady.
* Yūko Miyamura, Japanese voice actress
* Lord Monckton, former UKIP den Conservative politician; notorious promoter of climate change denial
* Sophia Parnok, Russian poet
* Sir Cecil Spring Rice, British ambassador to de United States during World War I, he die suddenly of de disease insyd 1918. 
* Daisy Ridley, British actress
* Christina Rossetti, English Victorian-era poet
* Dame Maggie Smith, British actress
* Mary Webb, British novelist den poet
* Wendy Williams, American TV show host
* Act Yasukawa, Japanese professional wrestler
### Literature
* Insyd Italo Svevo ein novel *Zeno's Conscience*, character Ada dey develop de disease.
* Ern Malley wey na he be acclaimed Australian poet wey dem no publish til after ein death from Graves' disease insyd 1943. However, Malley ein existence den entire biography wey na dem actually later reveal am say e be literary hoax.

## Research
Agents wey dey act as antagonists at thyroid wey dey stimulate hormone receptors dey under investigation as possible treatment for Graves' disease.

## References


## External links

* 
* Graves disease on ncbi