Ahmad ibn Hanbal

**Ahmad ibn Hanbal** ((Arabic: أحمد ابن حنبل, romanized: *Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal*; (164-241 AH; 780 – 855 CE) na he be an Arab jurist den founder of de Hanbali school wey be widely recognized as de scholar wey memorize de most Hadiths insyd Islamic history. One of de most venerated Islamic intellectual figures, ibn Hanbal be notable for ein unmatched memorization of over one million prophetic narrations, an unprecedented number wey never be claimed by any oda muhaddith. Ibn Hanbal sanso compile de largest hadith collection, *al-Musnad*, wich continue to exercise considerable influence on de field of hadith studies up to de present time, wey dey shape de methodological framework dem later employ insyd both Sahih Bukhari den Sahih Muslim. Imam al-Dhahabi describe am as “de true Imam, de proof of de religion, de master of hadith, den de leader of de Sunnah”. Imam Ali ibn al-Madini say: “Truly, Allah support dis religion thru two men, to whom der be no third: Abu Bakr during de Ridda Wars, den Ahmad ibn Hanbal during de Mihna”.

He study jurisprudence den hadith under chaw teachers during ein youth, Ibn Hanbal cam be famous insyd ein later life for de crucial role he play insyd de Mihna wey de Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun institute toward de end of ein reign, insyd wich de ruler give official state support to de Mu'tazili doctrine of de Quran being created, a view wey contradict de orthodox position of de Quran be de eternal, uncreated word of God. Living insyd poverty thru out ein lifetime working as a baker, den suffering physical persecution under de caliphs for ein unflinching adherence to de traditional doctrine, Ibn Hanbal ein fortitude insyd dis particular event only bolstered ein "resounding reputation" insyd de annals of Sunni history.

Dem herald am as one of de mujaddids, Ibn Hanbal later cam be venerated as an exemplary figure insyd all traditional schools of Sunni thought, both by de exoteric scholars den ascetic Sufis, wey de latter often designate am as a saint insyd dema hagiographies. Ibn al-Jawzi dey relate he "be de foremost in collecting de prophetic way den dey adhere to am."

Insyd de last century, Ibn Hanbal ein reputation cam be subject of debate insyd certain quarters of de world, as de Hanbali reform movement dem know as Wahhabism cite am as a principal influence along plus de 13th-century Hanbali reformer Ibn Taymiyya, despite both scholars cam much earlier. However, na e be argued by certain scholars say Ibn Hanbal ein own beliefs actually play "no real part insyd de establishment of de central doctrines of Wahhābism," as der be evidence, according to de same authors, "de older Hanbali authorities get doctrinal concerns very different from those of de Wahhabis," secof medieval Hanbali literature be rich insyd references to saints, grave visitation, miracles, den relics. Insyd dis connection, scholars cite Ibn Hanbal ein own support for de use of relics as one of several important points on wich de theologian ein positions diverge from those wey dey adhere to Wahhabism. Oda scholars dey maintain he be "de distant progenitor of Wahhabism", wey sanso immensely inspire de similar conservative reform movement of Salafism.

## Works

Dem find de following books insyd Ibn al-Nadim ein *Fihrist*:

* *Usool as-Sunnah*: "Foundations of the Prophetic Tradition (in Belief)"
* *as-Sunnah*: "The Prophet Tradition (in Belief)"
* *Kitab al-`Ilal wa Ma'rifat al-Rijal*: "The Book of Narrations Containing Hidden Flaws and of Knowledge of the Men (of Hadeeth)"
* *Kitab al-Manasik*: "The Book of the Rites of Hajj"
* *Kitab al-Zuhd*: "The Book of Abstinence"
* *Kitab al-Iman*: "The Book of Faith"
* *Kitab al-Masa'il*: "Issues in Fiqh"
* *Kitab al-Ashribah*: "The Book of Drinks"
* *Kitab al-Fada'il Sahaba*: "Virtues of the Companions"
* *Kitab Tha'ah al-Rasul*: "The Book of Obedience to the Messenger"
* *Kitab Mansukh*: "The Book of Abrogation"
* *Kitab al-Fara'id*: "The Book of Obligatory Duties"
* *Kitab al-Radd `ala al-Zanadiqa wa'l-Jahmiyya*: "Refutations of the Heretics and the Jahmites"
* *Tafsir*: "Exegesis"
* *Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal*

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