Alzheimer's disease

**Alzheimer's disease** (**AD**) be a neurodegenerative disease wey e be de most common form of dementia, wey dey account for around 60–70% of cases. De most common early symptom be difficulty in remembering recent events. As de disease dey advance, symptoms fi include problems plus language, disorientation (wey dey include easily getting lost), mood swings, loss of motivation, self-neglect, den behavioral issues. As a person ein condition dey decline, dem often withdraw from family den society. Gradually, dem dey loose bodily functions, ultimately wey dey lead to death. Although de speed of progression fi vary, de average life expectancy dey follow diagnosis be three to twelve years.

De causes of Alzheimer's disease remain poorly understood. Der be chaw environmental den genetic risk factors wey associate plus ein development. De strongest genetic risk factor be from an allele of apolipoprotein E. Oda risk factors dey include a history of head injury, clinical depression, den high blood pressure. De progression of de disease be largely characterised by de accumulation of malformed protein deposits insyd de cerebral cortex, dem call amyloid plaques den neurofibrillary tangles. Dese misfolded protein aggregates dey interfere plus normal cell function, den over time lead to irreversible degeneration of neurons den loss of synaptic connections insyd de brain. A probable diagnosis dey base on de history of de illness den cognitive testing, plus medical imaging den blood tests to rule out oda possible causes. Dem often dey mistaken initial symptoms for normal brain aging. Dem dey need examination of brain tissue for a definite diagnosis, buh dis fi take place per after death.

No treatments fi stop anaa reverse ein progression, though sam fi temporarily improve symptoms. A healthy diet, physical activity, den social engagement generally fi be beneficial insyd aging, wey fi help in reducing de risk of cognitive decline den Alzheimer's. Affected people cam be increasingly reliant on odas for assistance, often dey place a burden on caregivers. De pressures fi include social, psychological, physical, den economic elements. Exercise programs fi be beneficial plus respect to activities of daily living wey fi potentially improve outcomes. Behavioral problems anaa psychosis secof dementia sam times be treated plus antipsychotics, buh dis get an increased risk of early death.

As of 2020, na der be approximately 50 million people worldwide plus Alzheimer's disease. E most often dey begin insyd people over 65&nbsp;years of age, although up to 10% of cases be early-onset wey dey impact those insyd dema 30s to mid-60s. E dey affect about 6% of people 65 years den older, den women more often dan men. Na dem name de disease after German psychiatrist den pathologist Alois Alzheimer, wey first describe am insyd 1906. Alzheimer ein financial burden on society be large, plus an estimated global annual cost of US$1 trillion. Dem rank Alzheimer's den related dementias as de seventh leading cause of death worldwide.

Given de widespread impacts of Alzheimer's disease, both basic-science den health funders insyd chaw countries dey support Alzheimer's research at large scales. For example, de US National Institutes of Health program for Alzheimer's research, de National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease, get a budget of US$3.98 billion for fiscal year 2026. Insyd de European Union, na de 2020 Horizon Europe research programme award over €570 million for dementia-related projects. 

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