Umar

**Umar ibn al-Khattab** (Arabic: عُمَر بْن ٱلْخَطَّاب, romanized: *ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb*; ), dem sanso spell **Omar**, na he be second Rashidun caliph, wey rule from August 634 til ein assassination insyd 644. He succeed Abu Bakr (r. 632–634) wey he be regarded as a senior companion den father-in-law of de Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Initially, Umar oppose Muhammad, wey na he be ein distant Qurayshite kinsman. However, after converting to Islam insyd 616, he cam be de first Muslim to openly pray at de Kaaba. He participate insyd nearly all of Muhammad ein battles den expeditions, wey Muhammad confer upon am de title *al-Fārūq* ("de Distinguisher") for ein sound judgement. After Muhammad ein death insyd June 632, Umar pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr as de first caliph wey he serve as ein chief adviser. Insyd 634, shortly before ein death, Abu Bakr nominate Umar as ein successor.

During Umar ein reign, de caliphate expand at an unprecedented rate, wey e conquer de Sasanian Empire den more dan two-thirds of de Byzantine Empire. Ein campaigns against de Sasanians result in de conquest of Persia within two years (642–644). According to Jewish tradition, Umar lift de Christian ban on Jews wey dey enter Jerusalem wey he permit dem to worship der. Dem assassinate Umar by de Persian slave Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz insyd 644.

Dem widely credit Umar plus expanding de Islamic world beyond Arabia wey he introduce de Hijri Calendar. Historians dey generally regard am as one of de most powerful den influential Muslim caliphs insyd history. Insyd Sunni Islamic tradition, he be revered as a just ruler den a paragon of Islamic virtues, wey sam hadiths dey identify am as de second greatest of de Sahabah after Abu Bakr. Insyd Twelver Shia tradition, however, he be viewed negatively.

## Family
Umar marry nine women insyd ein lifetime wey he get fourteen children: ten sons den four daughters.

### Wives
De known wives of Umar be:
* Zaynab bint Maz'un, she be de mommie of Hafsa, Abd Allah den Abd al-Rahman al-Akbar;
* Umm Kulthum bint Jarwal, she be divorced by Umar. She be de mommie of Ubayd Allah den Zayd al-Asghar;
* Qurayba bint Abi Umayya, divorced by Umar insyd 628;
* Jamila bint Thabit, she marry Umar sam time between May 627 den May 628; Dem get one son, Asim.
* Atiqa bint Zayd, she marry Umar wey dem get a son dem name Iyad;
* Umm Hakim bint al-Harith ibn Hisham, she be married to Umar; insyd 634 wey she be de mommie of Fatima.
* Umm Kulthum bint Ali from dis marriage Umar get a son dem name Zayd den a daughter dem name Ruqayya. Dis be, however, de Sunni view. De Shi'a no dey accept say such a marriage take place. In fact, even sam Sunni scholars dey maintain say Umar ein wifey Umm Kulthum actually be Abu Bakr ein daughter wey be raised insyd Ali ein house.

### Sons
De sons of Umar be:
* Abd Allah, son of Zaynab bint Maz'un;
* Abd al-Rahman, son of Zaynab bint Maz'un;
* Zayd, son of Umm Kulthum bint Ali.
* Ubayd Allah, son of Umm Kulthum bint Jarwal;
* Zayd, son of Umm Kulthum bint Jarwal;
* Asim, son of Jamila bint Thabit;
* Iyad, son of Atiqa bint Zayd;
* Abd al-Rahman Abu'l-Mujabbar;
* Abd al-Rahman "*Abu Shahmah*" ibn Umar;
* Abd Allah.

### Daughters
The daughters of Umar be:
* Hafsa, daughter of Zaynab bint Maz'un;
* Fatima, daughter of Umm Hakim bint al-Harith ibn Hisham;
* Ruqayya, daughter of Umm Kulthum bint Ali;
* Zaynab.

## References

## External links

* Excerpt from ''The History of the Khalifahs'' by Jalal ad-Din as-Suyuti
* Sirah of Amirul Muminin Umar Bin Khattab by Shaykh Sayyed Muhammad bin Yahya al-Husayni al-Ninowy