Michif

O **michif** (tamén escrito **mitchif**, **mechif**, **michif-cree**, **métif**, **métchif** ou **cree francés**) é un das linguas do pobo métis do Canadá e os Estados Unidos, os cales son descendentes das Primeiras Nacións (principalmente cree, nakota, e ojibwa) e comerciantes europeos de peles (principalmente franceses). O michif xurdiu a comezos do século XIX como unha lingua mixta e adoptou unha forma consistente entre 1820 e 1840. O michif está clasificada como en perigo crítico polo Libro Vermello das Linguas Ameazadas da UNESCO.

[miniatura|250px|Gravado michif en [Batoche, Saskatchewan.]]
O michif combina cree e o francés dos métis (Rhodes 1977, Bakker 1997:85), unha variedade do francés canadense con algúns préstamos do inglés e varias linguas indíxenas de América, como o ojibwa e o assiniboine. En xeral, a fonoloxía, o léxico, a morfoloxía e a sintaxe dos substantivos derivan do francés métis, mentres que os verbos derivan do cree das chairas (un dialecto occidental do cree). Os artigos e adxectivos tamén son de orixe francesa métis mais os demostrativos son cree das chairas.

## Notas 
## Véxase tamén 
### Bibliografía 
* Barkwell, Lawrence J., Leah Dorion e Audreen Hourie. Métis legacy Michif culture, heritage, and folkways. Métis legacy series, v. 2. Saskatoon: Gabriel Dumont Institute, 2006. 
* Barkwell, L.J., (Editor). 2004. La Lawng: Michif Peekishkwewin, The Heritage Language of the Canadian Metis, Volume One, Language Practice Winnipeg: Pemmican Publications. 
* Barkwell, L.J., (Editor). 2004. La Lawng: Michif Peekishkwewin, The Heritage Language of the Canadian Metis, Volume Two, Language Theory. Winnipeg: Pemmican Publications. 
* Barkwell, Lawrence J., Leah Dorion e Darren Prefontaine. "Metis Legacy: A Historiography and Annotated Bibliography". Winnipeg: Pemmican Publications Inc. and Saskatoon: Gabriel Dumont Institute, 2001. 
* Bakker, Peter: Spelling systems for Michif: an overview. In: *La Lawng: Michif Peekishkwewin. The Heritage Language of the Canadian Metis. Vol 2: Language Theory.* Barkwell, Lawrence (Ed.). Pemmican Publications/Manitoba Métis Federation Michif Language Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canadá: pp.&nbsp;11‑28, 2004. 
* Bakker, Peter: The Michif language of the Métis. In: *La Lawng: Michif Peekishkwewin. The Heritage Language of the Canadian Metis. Vol 2: Language Theory.* Barkwell, Lawrence (Ed.). Pemmican Publications/Manitoba Métis Federation Michif Language Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canadá: pp.&nbsp;5‑9, 2004. 
* Bakker, Peter: The verb in Michif. In: *La Lawng: Michif Peekishkwewin. The Heritage Language of the Canadian Metis. Vol 2: Language Theory.* Barkwell, Lawrence (Ed.). Pemmican Publications/Manitoba Métis Federation Michif Language Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canadá: pp.&nbsp;63‑80, 2004. 
* Bakker, Peter: What is Michif? In: *La Lawng: Michif Peekishkwewin. The Heritage Language of the Canadian Metis. Vol 1: Language Practice.* Barkwell, Lawrence (Ed.). Pemmican Publications/Manitoba Métis Federation Michif Language Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canadá: pp.&nbsp;5‑7, 2004. 
* Bakker, Peter; Barkwell, Lawrence: Storytelling and Mythology. In: *La Lawng: Michif Peekishkwewin. The Heritage Language of the Canadian Metis. Vol 2: Language Theory.* Barkwell, Lawrence (Ed.). Pemmican Publications/Manitoba Métis Federation Michif Language Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canadá: pp.&nbsp;83‑96, 2004. 
* Bakker, Peter. 1997.  *A language of our own: The genesis of Michif, the mixed Cree-French language of the Canadian Métis*.  New York, Oxford University Press.
* Bakker, Peter e Robert Papen. 1997. Michif: A mixed language based on Cree and French. In S. Thomason (ed.) *Contact languages: A wider perspective.* Philadelphia: John Benjamins, p.&nbsp;295–363.
* Bloomfield, Leonard (1984) *Cree-English Lexicon* Human Area Relations Files, New Haven, CT.
* Crawford, John. "Speaking Michif in four Métis communities." *Canadian Journal of Native Studies* 3.1 (1983): 47–55.
* Crawford, John. "What is Michif? Language in the Metis tradition." Jennifer S.H. Brown e Jacqueline Peterson, eds. *The New Peoples: Being and Becoming Metis in North America* (1985): 231–241.
* Crawford, John. "Linguistic and sociolinguistic relationships in the Michif language." *Proceedings of the Linguistic Circle of Manitoba and North Dakota* 3 (1973): 8–22.
* Evans, Donna. 1982. "On coexistence and convergence of two phonological systems in Michif." Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, 26, p.&nbsp;158–173.
* Fleury, N. e L. J. Barkwell. 2000. La Lawng: Michif Peekishkwewin: The Canadian Michif Language Dictionary. Winnipeg: Metis Resource Centre.
* Gillon, Carrie e Nicole Rosen. 2016. Critical mass in Michif. *Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages* 31: 113–140.
* Papen, Robert. 2003. "Michif: One phonology or two?" In Y. Chung, C. Gillon e R. Wokdak (eds) University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 12, Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop on Structure and Constituency in Language of the Americas, p.&nbsp;47–58.
* Papen, Robert. 2004. "Michif spelling conventions: Proposal for a unified Michif writing system. In L. Barkwell (ed.) L*a lawng: Michif peekishkwewin.* Winnipeg, MB: Pemmican Publications, p.&nbsp;29–53.
* Rhodes, Richard A. 1977. French Cree—a case of borrowing. *Actes du Huitième Congrès des Algonquinistes.* Wm. Cowan (ed.), Ottawa: Carleton University. p.&nbsp;6–25.
* Rhodes, Richard A. 1986. Métif—a second look. *Actes du Septième Congrès des Algonquinistes.* Wm. Cowan (ed.), Ottawa: Carleton University. p.&nbsp;287–296.
* Rhodes, Richard A. 1987. Les Contes Metif—Metif Myths. *Papers of the Eighteenth Algonquian Conference.* Wm. Cowan (ed.), Ottawa: Carleton University. p.&nbsp;297–301.
* Rhodes, Richard A. 1992. Language Shift in Algonquian. *International Journal of the Sociology of Language.* 93:87–92.
* Rhodes, Richard A. 2001. Text Strategies in Métchif. Papers of the Thirty-second Algonquian Conference. H. C. Wolfart (ed.), Winnipeg: University of Manitoba. p.&nbsp;455–469.
* Rosen, Nicole. 2006. Language Contact and Stress Assignment. *Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung.* 59:170–190.
* Rosen, Nicole. 2007. Domains in Michif Phonology. Ph.D. Thesis. Department of Linguistics. University of Toronto.
* Papen, Robert. 2005. Le mitchif: langue Franco-crie des Plaines. In A. Valdman, J. Auger & D. Piston-Hatlen (eds). Saint-François, QC: Presses de l'Université Laval, p.&nbsp;327–347.
* Weaver, Deborah. 1982. Obviation in Michif. *Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session*, 26, p.&nbsp;174–262.
* Weaver, Deborah. 1983. The effect of language change and death on obviation in Michif. In W. Cowan (ed.) *Actes du Quatorzième Congrès des Algonquinistes.* Ottawa: Carleton University Press, p.&nbsp;261–268.
*Zoldy, Grace. 2003. The Lord's Prayer. In *Li Liivr Oche Michif Ayamiiawina – The Book of Michif Prayers*. Camperville Michif Cree Ritual Language Project.