Sandra Harding

**Sandra G. Harding**, nada o 29 de marzo de 1935 e finada o 5 de marzo de 2025, foi unha filósofa e feminista estadounidense, unha figura importante da epistemoloxía feminista.

## Traxectoria 
Doutorouse na Universidade de Nova York en 1973. Os seus traballos enmárcanse dentro da Filosofía da Ciencia, a Epistemoloxía Feminista, a Teoría poscolonial e a metodoloxía en investigación. Foi profesora emérita na Universidade de California, Os Ánxeles, onde impartiu docencia dende 1994.

Harding foi a directora do 'Center for the Study of Women' da Universidade de California (1996-2000) e codirectora (xunto a Kathryn Norberg) da revista feminista, publicada por University of Chicago Press, *Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society* (2000-2005). Tamén traballou como profesora na Universidade de Delaware, e foi profesora invitada na Universidade de Ámsterdam, a Universidade de Costa Rica e a Escola politécnica federal de Zürich, Suíza.

Participou do debate acerca da neutralidade da ciencia no que se veu a chamar as *Guerras da ciencia*.

## Obras
### Libros
* (ed.), *Can Theories be Refuted? Essays on the Duhem-Quine Thesis*,  1976.
* *The Science Question in Feminism*, 1986.
* con Jean F. O'Barr (ed.), *Sex and Scientific Inquiry*, 1987.
* (ed.), *Feminism and Methodology: Social Science Issues*, 1987.
*''Whose Science? Whose Knowledge?: Thinking from Women's Lives*, 1991.
* (ed.), *The ‘Racial’ Economy of Science: Toward a Democratic Future*, 1993.
* *Is Science Multicultural? Postcolonialisms, Feminisms, and Epistemologies*,  1998.
* con Uma Narayan (ed.), *Decentering the Center: Philosophy for a Multicultural, Postcolonial, and Feminist World*, 2000.
* con Robert Figueroa (ed.), *Science and Other Cultures: Issues in Philosophies of Science and Technology*, 2003.
* con Merrill B. Hintikka (ed.), *Discovering Reality: Feminist Perspectives on Epistemology, Metaphysics, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science*. Segunda Edición, 2003 (1983).
* (ed.), *Feminist Standpoint Theory Reader*, 2004.
* *Science and Social Inequality: Feminist and Postcolonial Issues*, 2006.
* *Sciences From Below: Feminisms, Postcolonialities, and Modernities*, 2008.
* (ed.), *The Postcolonial Science and Technology Studies Reader*, Duke UP 2011
* *Objectivity and Diversity: Another Logic of Scientific Research*, 2015.

### Artigos 
* 1973. “Feminism: Reform or Revolution?” *Philosophical Forum* (Boston) 5, 271–284
* 1979. “The Social Function of the Empiricist Conception of Mind,” *Metaphilosophy* 10 (1 de xaneiro), 38–47
* 1979. “Is the Equality of Opportunity Principle Democratic?” *Philosophical Forum* (Boston) 10 (1 de decembro), 206–22
* 1982. “Is Gender a Variable in Conceptions of Rationality: A Survey of Issues,” *Dialectica*, 36 (1 de xaneiro): 225–42
* 1983. “Why Has the Sex/Gender System Become Visible Only Now,” in *Discovering Reality*, ed. Sandra Harding e Merrill Hintikka
* 1987. “The Method Question,” *Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy* 2, 19–35
* 1987. “The Curious Coincidence of Feminine and African Moralities,” *Women and Moral Theory*, ed. Eva Feder Kittay e Diana Meyers 
* 1990. “Starting Thought From Women’s Lives: Eight Resources for Maximizing Objectivity,” *Journal of Social Philosophy* 21(2-3), 140-49
* 1990. “Feminism, Science, and the Anti-Enlightenment Critiques,” in *Feminism/Postmodernism*, ed. Linda Nicholson, 83-106
* 1992. “After Eurocentrism? Challenges for the Philosophy of Science,” *PSA 1992* Vol. 2, 311–319
* 1993. “Rethinking Standpoint Epistemology: What Is &lsquo;Strong Objectivity&rsquo;?” in *Feminist Epistemologies*, ed. Linda Alcoff e Elizabeth Potter
* 1995. &ldquo;&lsquo;Strong Objectivity&rsquo;: A Response to the New Objectivity Question,&rdquo; *Synthese*, Vol. 104, No. 3, pp. 331-349
* 1998. “Women, Science, and Society,” *Science*, New Series, Vol. 281, No. 5383 (Sep 11 1998), 1599-1600
* 2002. &ldquo;Must the Advance of Science Advance Global Inequality?&rdquo; *International Studies Review*, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Verán), 87-105
* 2003. “How Standpoint Methodology Informs Philosophy of Social Science,” en *Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of the Social Sciences*
* 2004. “A Socially Relevant Philosophy of Science? Resources from Standpoint Theory’s Controversiality,” *Hypatia*, Vol. 19, Núm. 1, 25–47
* 2005. “‘Science and Democracy:’ Replayed or Redesigned?” *Social Epistemology'', Vol.  19, No. 1, 5–18
* 2006. &ldquo;Two Influential Theories of Ignorance and Philosophy's Interests in Ignoring Them,&rdquo; *Hypatia*, Vol. 21, Núm. 3 (Verán), 20-36
* 2007. “Modernity, Science, and Democracy,” in *Social Philosophy Today*, Volume 22. Philosophy Documentation Center
* 2008. &ldquo;How Many Epistemologies Should Guide the Production of Scientific Knowledge?&rdquo; *Hypatia*, Vol. 23, Núm. 4, 212-219 
* 2009. “Postcolonial and Feminist Philosophies of Science and Technology,” *Postcolonial Studies*, Vol. 12, Núm. 4, p.&nbsp;410-429
* 2010. “Standpoint Methodologies and Epistemologies:  A Logic of Scientific Inquiry for People,” *World Social Science Report 2010*, 173-5
* 2012. “Objectivity and Diversity,” en *Encyclopedia of Diversity in Education,* ed. James Banks
* 2017. &ldquo;Latin American Decolonial Studies: Feminist Issues,&rdquo; *Feminist Studies*, Vol. 43, Núm. 3, 624-636 
* con Kathryn Norberg, 2005. &ldquo;New Feminist Approaches to Social Science Methodologies: An Introduction,&rdquo; *Signs*, Vol. 30, Núm. 4, 2009-15

## Notas 
## Véxase tamén 
### Outros artigos 
* Mulleres nas matemáticas
* Teoría do punto de vista
* Epistemoloxía feminista
### Ligazóns externas 
* Relatores Invitadas/os - Mundos de Mujeres / Women's Worlds 2008 
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