Escombroideos

A dos **escombroideos** (*Scombroidei*) é unha suborde de peixes osteíctios da orde dos perciformes, que é a orde máis grande dos peixes.

Son xeralmente peixes de gran tamaño, migradores oceánicos de longo percorrido.

A suborde inclúe, entre outras moitas, especies como os atúns, os bonitos, a xarda e o peixe espada.

## Taxonomía 
### Descrición 
A suborde foi descrita en 1859 polo naturalista, anatomista comparativo e ictiólogo neerlandés, experto no estudo comparado dos peixes —fundamente da ictioloxía— do leste asiático, Pieter Bleeker.
* Familia *Gempylidae*
* Familia *Scombridae*
* Familia *Scombrolabracidae* 
* Familia *Trichiuridae*

## Cronoloxía 
Os datos paleontolóxicos coñecidos indican a seguinte secuencia de aparición dos xéneros da suborde dos escroimbroideos:

ImageSize  = width:800px height:auto barincrement:15px
PlotArea   = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px

Period      = from:-65.5 till:10
TimeAxis    = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor  = unit:year increment:5 start:-65.5
ScaleMinor  = unit:year increment:1 start:-65.5
TimeAxis    = orientation:hor
AlignBars   = justify

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  id:ANK 	 value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196)
  id:HER	  value:teal
  id:HAD	  value:green
  id:OMN	  value:blue
  id:black        value:black
  id:white        value:white
  id:cenozoic     value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258)
  id:paleogene     value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32) 
  id:paleocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37) 
  id:eocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42) 
  id:oligocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48) 
  id:neogene     value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1) 
  id:miocene     value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0) 
  id:pliocene     value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68)  
  id:quaternary   value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5)
  id:pleistocene   value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68)
  id:holocene   value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88)
 
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 bar:NAM12
 bar:NAM13
 bar:NAM14
 bar:NAM15
 bar:NAM16
 bar:NAM17
 bar:NAM18
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PlotData=
 align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 
 shift:(7,-4)
  
 bar:periodtop
 from: -65.5   till:  -55.8    color:paleocene  text:Paleoceno
 from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:Eoceno 
 from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:Oligoceno            
 from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:Mioceno
 from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Plio.
 from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:Plist.
 from: -0.0117    till: 0    color:holocene    text:H.

 bar:eratop
 from: -65.5   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:Paleóxeno         
 from: -23.03    till: -2.588    color:neogene    text:Neóxeno
 from: -2.588    till: 0   color:quaternary    text:C.

PlotData=
 align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left

 color:paleocene bar:NAM1  from:	-65.5	till:	-61.7	text:	Landanichthys
 color:paleocene bar:NAM2  from:	-65.5	till:	-28.4	text:	Eutrichiurides
 color:paleocene bar:NAM3  from:	-65.5	till:	-28.4	text:	Sphyraenodus
 color:paleocene bar:NAM4  from:	-65.5	till:	0	text:	Sarda
 color:paleocene bar:NAM5  from:	-58.7	till:	-55.8	text:	Palaeothunnus
 color:eocene bar:NAM6  from:	-55.8	till:	-48.6	text:	Wetherellus
 color:eocene bar:NAM7  from:	-55.8	till:	0	text:	Pseudohistiophorus
 color:eocene bar:NAM8  from:	-55.8	till:	0	text:	Scomberomorus
 color:eocene bar:NAM9  from:	-55.8	till:	0	text:	Scomber
 color:eocene bar:NAM10  from:	-55.8	till:	0	text:	Sphyraena
 color:eocene bar:NAM11  from:	-55.8	till:	0	text:	Trichiurus
 color:eocene bar:NAM12  from:	-48.6	till:	0	text:	Lepidopus
 color:eocene bar:NAM13  from:	-48.6	till:	0	text:	Thunnus
 color:oligocene bar:NAM14  from:	-33.9	till:	0	text:	Epinnula
 color:oligocene bar:NAM15  from:	-33.9	till:	0	text:	Gempylus
 color:oligocene bar:NAM16  from:	-33.9	till:	0	text:	Grammatorcynus
 color:oligocene bar:NAM17  from:	-33.9	till:	0	text:	Gymnosarda
 color:oligocene bar:NAM18  from:	-33.9	till:	0	text:	Rexea
 color:oligocene bar:NAM19  from:	-33.9	till:	0	text:	Xiphias
 color:oligocene bar:NAM20  from:	-28.4	till:	0	text:	Hemithyrsites
 color:miocene bar:NAM21  from:	-23.03	till:	0	text:	Matarchia
 color:miocene bar:NAM22  from:	-23.03	till:	0	text:	Tetrapterus
 color:miocene bar:NAM23  from:	-15.97	till:	0	text:	Istiophorus
 color:miocene bar:NAM24  from:	-11.608	till:	0	text:	Euthynnus
 color:miocene bar:NAM25  from:	-11.608	till:	0	text:	Makaira

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 align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25

 bar:period
 from: -65.5   till:  -55.8    color:paleocene  text:Paleoceno
 from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:Eoceno 
 from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:Oligoceno            
 from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:Mioceno
 from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Plio.
 from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:Plist.
 from: -0.0117    till: 0    color:holocene    text:H.

 bar:era
 from: -65.5   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:Paleóxeno         
 from: -23.03    till: -2.588    color:neogene    text:Neóxeno
 from: -2.588    till: 0   color:quaternary    text:C.

## Galería 

Ficheiro:Thyrsites atun, Barracouta or snake Mackerel.jpg|*Thyrsites atun* (*Gempylidae*)
Ficheiro:Katsuwonus pelamis Thailand.jpg|*Katsuwonus pelamis* (*Scombridae*)
Ficheiro:Trichiurus lepturus.jpg|*Trichiurus lepturus* (*Trichiuridae*)

## Notas 
## Véxase tamén 
### Bibliografía 
* Burton, Maurice & Robert Burton (1984): *Encyclopedia of Fish*. Saint Louis, EE.UU.: BPC Publishing. ISBN 0-7064-0393-2.
* Nelson, Joseph S. (2006): *Fishes of the World*. Nova York, EE. UU.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.

### Outros artigos 
* Perciformes

### Ligazóns externas 
* *Scombroidei* Bleeker 1859  en Fossilworks.
* *Scombroidei* no WoRMS.
* *Scombroidei* no ITIS.
* *Scombroidei* na EOL.