Aleocharinae

[miniatura|*[Lomechusa pubicollis* vive en formigueiros de *Formica rufa*]]

**Aleocharinae** é unha das maiores subfamilias de escaravellos da familia dos estafilínidos, que contén unhas 12.000 especies. Anteriormente houbo un amplo debate sobre se esta subfamilia merecía o status de familia, pero hoxe considérase unha subfamilia dentro de Staphylinidae.

## Descrición 
Os Aleocharinae son xeralmente escaravellos pequenos ou diminutos, xa que poden acadar unha lonxitude máxima duns 10 mm, pero normalmente son de entre 3 e 5 mm e unhas poucas especies de só 1 mm, polo que están entre os escaravellos máis pequenos. O corpo é xeralmentre delgado, a miúdo cunha puntuación densa e fina; a cabeza é máis ou menos redonda e a cor pode ser marrón clara ou escura, marrón avermellada ou negra, ás veces con cores contrastadas vermellas, amarelas e negras.

* **Tribo Actocharini** Bernhauer & Schubert, 1911
* **Tribo Aenictoteratini** Kistner, 1993
* **Tribo Akatastopsisini** Pace, 2000
* **Tribo Aleocharini** Fleming, 1821
** *Aleochara* Gravenhorst, 1802
** *Tinotus* Sharp, 1883
* **Tribo Athetini** Casey, 1910
** *Acrotona* Thomson, 1859
** *Actophylla* Bernhauer, 1908
** *Alevonota* Thomson, 1856
** *Alianta* Thomson, 1858
** *Aloconota* Thomson, 1858
** *Amischa* Thomson, 1858
** *Anopleta* Mulsant & Rey, 1874
** *Atheta* Thomson, 1858
** *Brundinia* Tottenham, 1949
** *Cadaverota* Yosii & Sawada, 1976
** *Callicerus* Gravenhorst, 1802
** *Coprothassa* Thomson, 1859
** *Dacrila* Mulsant & Rey, 1874
** *Dadobia* Thomson, 1856
** *Dilacra* Thomson, 1858
** *Dinaraea* Thomson, 1858
** *Disopora* Thomson, 1859
** *Dochmonota* Thomson, 1859
** *Geostiba* Thomson, 1858
** *Halobrecta* Thomson, 1858
** *Hydrosmecta* Thomson, 1858
** *Leptostiba* Pace, 1985
** *Liogluta* Thomson, 1858
** *Lundbergia* Muona, 1975
** *Lyprocorrhe* Thomson, 1859
** *Nehemitropia* Lohse, 1971
** *Ousipalia* Des Gozis, 1886
** *Pachnida* Mulsant & Rey, 1874
** *Pachyatheta* Munster, 1930
** *Paranopleta* Brundin, 1954
** *Philhygra* Mulsant & Rey, 1873
** *Pycnota* Mulsant & Rey, 1874
** *Schistoglossa* Kraatz, 1856
** *Thamiaraea* Thomson, 1858
** *Tomoglossa* Kraatz, 1856
** *Trichiusa* Casey, 1856
** *Trichomicra* Brundin, 1941
* **Tribo Autaliini** Thomson, 1859
** *Autalia* Samouelle, 1819
* **Tribo Cordobanini** Bernhauer, 1910
* **Tribo Corotocini** Fenyes, 1918
* **Tribo Crematoxenini** Mann 1921
** *Ecitodaemon*
** *Ecitomorpha*
** *Ecitophya*
** *Ecitoschneirla*
** *Ecitosymbia* (=*Ecitoxenides*)
** *Ecitoxenia*
** *Ecitoxenides*
** *Retteneciton*
** *Seeverseciton*
* **Tribo Ecitogastrini**
** *Ecitogaster*
* **Tribo Eusteniamorphini** Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926
* **Tribo Falagriini** Mulsant & Rey, 1873
** *Anaulacaspis* Ganglbauer, 1895
** *Borboropora* Kraatz, 1862
** *Cordalia* Jacobs, 1925
** *Falagria* Samouelle, 1819
** *Falagrioma* Casey, 1906
** *Flavipennis* Cameron, 1920
** *Myrmecocephalus* MacLeay, 1871
** *Myrmecopora* Saulcy, 1865
* **Tribo Feldini** Kistner, 1972
* **Tribo Gymnusini** Heer, 1839
** *Gymnusa* Gravenhorst, 1806
* **Tribo Himalusini** Klimaszewski, Pace & Center, 2010
* **Tribo Homalotini** Heer, 1839
** **Subtribo Gyrophaenina** Kraatz, 1856
*** *Agaricochara* Kraatz, 1856
*** *Encephalus* Kirby, 1832
*** *Gyrophaena* Mannerheim, 1830
** **Subtribo Bolitocharina** Thomson, 1859
*** *Bolitochara* Mannerheim, 1830
*** *Euryusa* Erichson, 1837
*** *Heterota* Mulsant & Rey, 1874
*** *Leptusa* Kraatz, 1856
*** *Phymatura* J. Sahlberg, 1876
*** *Tachyusida* Mulsant & Rey, 1872
** **Subtribo Silusina** Fenyes, 1918
*** *Silusa* Erichson, 1837
** **Subtribo Homalotina** Heer, 1839
*** *Anomognathus* Solier, 1849
*** *Homalota* Mannerheim, 1830
*** *Pseudomicrodota* Machulka, 1935
*** *Thecturota* Casey, 1893
** **Subtribo Rhopalocerina** Reitter, 1909
*** *Clavigera* Scriba, 1859
*** *Cyphea* Fauvel, 1863
* **Tribo Hoplandriini** Casey, 1910
* **Tribo Hygronomini** Thomson, 1859
** *Hygronoma* Erichson, 1837
* **Tribo Hypocyphtini** Laporte de Castelnau, 1835 (= **Oligotini** Thomson, 1859)
** *Anacyptus* Horn, 1877
** *Cypha* Samouelle, 1819
** *Holobus* Solier, 1849
** *Oligota* Mannerheim, 1830
* **Tribo Lomechusini** Fleming, 1821 (= **Myrmedoniini** Thomson, 1867)
** *Drusilla* Samouelle, 1819
** *Lomechusa* Gravenhorst, 1806
** *Lomechusoides* Tottenham, 1939 (*Lomechusoides strumosus*)
** *Maschwitzia*
** *Meronera*
** *Myrmedonota*
** *Zyras* Stephens, 1835
* **Tribo Masuriini** Cameron, 1939
* **Tribo Mesoporini** Cameron, 1959
* **Tribo Mimanommatini** Wasmann, 1912
* **Tribo Mimecitini** Wasmann, 1917
* **Tribo Myllaenini** Ganglbauer, 1895
** *Myllaena* Erichson, 1837
* **Tribo Oxypodini** Thomson, 1859
** **Subtribo Oxypodina** Thomson, 1859
*** *Acrostiba* Thomson, 1858
*** *Amarochara* Thomson, 1858
*** *Calodera* Mannerheim, 1830
*** *Cephalocousya* Lohse, 1971
*** *Chanoma* Blackwelder, 1952
*** *Chilomorpha* Krasa, 1914
*** *Crataraea* Thomson, 1858
*** *Drusilla* Blackwelder, 1952
*** *Dexiogya* Thomson, 1858
*** *Haploglossa* Kraatz, 1856
*** *Hygropora* Kraatz, 1856
*** *Ilyobates* Kraatz, 1856
*** *Ischnoglossa* Kraatz, 1856
*** *Mniusa* Mulsant & Rey, 1875
*** *Ocalea* Erichson, 1837
*** *Ocyusa* Kraatz, 1856
*** *Oxypoda* Mannerheim, 1830
*** *Parocyusa* Bernhauer, 1902
*** *Pentanota* Bernhauer, 1905
*** *Phloeopora* Erichson, 1837
*** *Polylobus*
*** *Poromniusa* Ganglbauer, 1895
*** *Pyroglossa* Bernhauer, 1901
*** *Stichoglossa* Fairmaire & Laboulbene, 1856
*** *Thiasophila* Kraatz, 1856 (*Thiasophila angulata*)
** **Subtribo Dinardina** Mulsant & Rey, 1873
*** *Dinarda* Samouelle, 1819
** **Subtribo Meoticina** Seevers, 1978
*** *Meotica* Mulsant & Rey, 1873
** **Subtribo Tachyusina** Thomson, 1859
*** *Brachyusa* Mulsant & Rey, 1874
*** *Dasygnypeta* Lohse, 1974
*** *Gnypeta* Thomson, 1858
*** *Ischnopoda* Stephens, 1835
* **Tribo Oxypodinini** Fenyes, 1921
* **Tribo Paglini** Newton & Thayer, 1992
* **Tribo Paradoxenusini** Bruch, 1937
* **Tribo Pediculotini** Ádám, 1987
* '*Tribo Philotermitini
*** *Philotermes* Kraatz, 1857
*** *Pseudophilotermes* Bernhauer, 1934
* **Tribo Phyllodinardini** Wasmann, 1916
* **Tribo Phytosini** Thomson, 1867
** *Arena* Fauvel, 1862
** *Phytosus* Curtis, 1838
* **Tribo Placusini** Mulsant & Rey, 1871
** *Placusa* Erichson, 1837
* **Tribo Pronomaeini** Mulsant & Rey, 1873
* **Tribo Pseudoperinthini** Cameron, 1939
* **Tribo Pygostenini** Fauvel, 1899
* **Tribo Sahlbergiini** Kistner, 1993
* **Tribo Sceptobiini** Seevers, 1978
** *Coatonipulex* Kistner, 1977
** *Dioxeuta* Sharp, 1899 
** *Macrotermophila* Kistner, 1973 
** *Macrotoxenus* Kistner, 1968 
** *Paratermitopulex* Kistner, 1977
** *Physomilitaris* Kistner, 1977
** *Protermitobia* Seevers, 1957 
** *Termitolinus* Wasmann, 1911 
** *Termitonda* Seevers, 1957 
** *Termitopaedia* Wasmann, 1911 
** *Termitotecna* Wasmann, 1912 
** *Termitotropha* Wasmann, 1899 
** *Termozyras* Cameron, 1930 
* **Tribo Termitusini**
** *Termitana*
** *Termitoecia*
** *Termitospectrum*
** *Termitusa*
** *Termitusodes *
* **Tribo Trichopseniini** LeConte & Horn 1883
* **Tribo Trilobitideini**
** *Trilobitideus*

## Galería 

Image: Aleochara lata 0171845 dorsal.tif|*Aleochara lata*
Image: Xenodusa cava 0263474 dorsal.jpg|*Xenodusa cava*
Image: Xenistusa sp - Feliciana Preserve 12 March 2006.tif|*Xenistusa* sp.
File:Bolitochara lucida - 2014-06-03.webm|*Bolitochara lucida* sobre un fungo
File:Ischnoglossa prolixa (Gravenhorst, 1802) genital (3724331920).jpg|Xenitais de macho (esquerda) e femia de *Ischnoglossa prolix''

## Notas 
## Véxase tamén 
### Bibliografía 
*Ferro, M. L., M. L. Gimmel, K. E. Harms, and C. E. Carlton. 2012a. Comparison of the Coleoptera communities in leaf litter and rotten wood in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 259: 1–58. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/774
*Newton, A. F., Jr., M. K. Thayer, J. S. Ashe, and D. S. Chandler. 2001. 22. Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802. p.&nbsp;272–418. In: R. H. Arnett, Jr., and M. C. Thomas (eds.). American beetles, Volume 1. CRC Press; Boca Raton, Florida. ix + 443 p.
*Ashe, J. S. 2005: Phylogeny of the tachyporine group subfamilies and 'basal' lineages of the Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) based on larval and adult characteristics. Systematic entomology, 30: 3–37. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2004.00258.
*Thomas, J. C. 2009: A preliminary molecular investigation of aleocharine phylogeny (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 102: 189–195. doi: 10.1603/008.102.0201

### Ligazóns externas 
* Aleocharinae at Bugguide.net.