George J. Adler

Bhí **George J. Adler** (1821, Leipzig, Ríocht na Sacsain – 24 Lúnasa, 1868, Nua-Eabhrac, Nua-Eabhrac ) ina fhocleolaí agus teangeolaí iomráiteach. 

## Luathbhlianta
Rugadh Adler do John J. Adler agus máthair gan ainm  sa Ghearmáin sa bhliain 1821.  Shroich sé na Stáit Aontaithe sa bhliain 1833, lena thuismitheoirí, a chuir fúthu i gcathair Nua-Eabhrac, áit ar fhreastail an buachaill ar na scoileanna poiblí agus chuaigh sé isteach in Ollscoil Chathair Nua-Eabhrac, as ar bhain sé céim valedictorian  amach sa bhliain 1844 .  Dhá bhliain ina dhiaidh sin bhí sé ina ollamh le Gearmáinis ag Ollscoil Nua-Eabhrac, post a bhí aige ar feadh ocht mbliana. 

D’ullmhaigh sé an *Dictionary of German and English Languages*, a foilsíodh in 1848, agus leabhar gramadaí Gearmáinise agus téacsleabhair Gearmáinise eile ina dhiaidh sin, agus a admhaítear gurb iad na leabhair is fearr a foilsíodh fós i Meiriceá.  Sa bhliain 1858, chríochnaigh Adler a shaothar tábhachtach deireanach, *A Practical Grammar of the Latin Language* . I ndáiríre is eagráin de théacsleabhair teanga Heinrich Gottfried Ollendorff atá sa dá théacsleabhar seo.

## Gairmréim
Maidir lena shaothar tábhachtach ar an Laidin, scríobhann Adler sa réamhrá leis an téacsleabhar:r: *"The preparation of a text-book for the study of the Latin, similar to that edited by me, some twelve years ago, on the German, has since that time been repeatedly suggested to me … Years however elapsed before I could even think of entering on such a task, … partly because I felt, in common with many others, some hesitation to undertake the somewhat delicate part of treating a so-called dead language like a living organism … It was not until after I had completed what I considered myself bound to render, as professor of a modern language in the city of New York, that I could give the question a serious consideration.*"
mion| Tearmann  meabhairghalair Bloomingdale, Manhattanville, Nua Eabhrac
Diagnóisíodh Adler go raibh sé as a mheabhair, mar gheall ar an stró a bhain le foilsiú an fhoclóra. Tháinig sé chun cónaithe le Tearmann Bloomingdale i Manhattan uachtarach sa bhliain 1853, agus d’fhan sé ina chónaí ar bhonn leathbhuan ar an áis go dtí go bhfuair sé bás ann in 1868. Tá Adler curtha i Reilig na Tríonóide . Scríobh sé píosa gairid faoina ghealtacht, dar teideal *Letters of a Lunatic* . 

Bhí aithne ag Adler ar Herman Melville, ar bhuail sé leis ar thuras farraige chun na hEorpa i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1849 . Bhí sé seo go gairid sular scríobh Melville *Moby Dick* . Scríobh Melville faoin teagmháil sin: "*He is author of a formidable lexicon (German and English); in compiling which he almost ruined his health. He was almost crazy, he tells me, for a time. He is full of the German metaphysics, and discourses of [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]], [[Emanuel Swedenborg|Swedenborg]], etc.*"

Chaith Melville go leor uaireanta an chloig ag caint le Adler, ag caint ar  "Fixed Fate, Free will, foreknowledge and the absolute", a dúirt Melville, "*his philosophy is [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge|Coleredgian]] [sic], he accepts the scriptures as divine, and yet leaves himself free to inquire into nature. He does not take it that the Bible is absolutely infallible and that anything opposed to it in Science must be wrong. He believes that there are things out of God and independent [sic] of him – things that would have existed were there no God – such as that two and two make four; for it is not that God so decrees mathematically, but that in the very nature of things, the fact is thus.*"

Thairis sin, cuireann Leon Howard in iúl go bhféadfadh Adler feidhmiú go maith mar mhúnla do Bartleby in Melville's *[[Bartleby, the Scrivener]]*, a story of [Wall Street]].

"*On 25 August Melville was excused from work for the funeral of George Adler, whose body was buried at the rapidly filling Trinity Cemetery, after a funeral at St. Michael's Church. Melville was one of only a handful of mourners at the funeral. When he was earning no money, in late 1859 or early 1860, and before Lizzie inherited money, Melville had subscribed for a copy of Adler's translation of a book on [[Provence|Provençal]] poetry – the test of friendship. Most of the intervening years Adler had remained confined at Bloomingdale's Asylum. Duyckinck was there at the funeral, riding from St. Michael's with the Dr. Houghton who was conducting part of the service. It was a sorry affair, a man of genius living in confinement and dying almost unmourned, Duyckinck recorded in a letter to his son George. "Herman Melville, [F. W.] Downer with me & two others were at the funeral, and Dr. [D. Tilden] Brown of the asylum in whose face and mien you may read the secret of Adler's regard for him." At least the staff physician had been one of the mourners*." 

## Na blianta deireanacha
Tháinig lagú ar a intinn i rith na mblianta deiridh dá shaol, agus fuair sé bás i tearmann Bloomingdale i gCathair Nua-Eabhrac, ar 24 Lúnasa 1868. 

## Cur i leith

* Johnson, Rossiter, ed. (1906). "Adler, George J.". The Biographical Dictionary of America. Vol. 1. Boston, Mass.: American Biographical Society. p. 59. Retrieved November 1, 2020 – via en.wikisource.org. Public Domain. Cuimsíonn an t-alt seo téacs ón bhfoinse seo, atá san fhearann poiblí.

## Naisc sheachtracha

* Works by George J. Adler at Project Gutenberg
* Works by or about George J. Adler at Internet Archive
* Works by George J. Adler at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) 
*  by George J. Adler
*  by George J. Adler

## Tagairtí

Catagóir:Teangeolaithe Meiriceánacha
Catagóir:Básanna i 1868
Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1821