ISO 3166-1 alfa-2

**ISO 3166-1 alpha-2** kotur eru landakotur við tveimum bókstavum, ið eru umrøddar í ISO 3166-1, ið er partur av standardinum ISO 3166 frá International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Koturnar umboða lond, sjálvstýrandi øki og serstøk øki av landafrøðiligum áhuga. Tær eru tær mest nýttu av landakotunum frá ISO (hinar eru alpha-3 og numeric), og verða tær m.a. nýttar til internetdomeni hjá londum og økjum við fáum undantøkum. Koturnar vórðu á fyrsta sinni innførdar sum partur av standardinum ISO 3166 í fyrstu útgávuni í 1974.

## Nýtsla og applikatiónir
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 koturnar eru nýttar ymiskum umhvørvum og eru eisini partur av øðrum standardum. 

### Perfektar implementatiónir
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 kotur eru nýttar í hesum standardum:

### Ófullfíggjaðar implementatiónir
Síðan 1985 hava ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 koturnar verið nýttar í Domain Name System sum høvuðsdomeni hjá londum (ccTLDs).

## Núverandi kotur

### Kotutýðingartalva
Talvan niðanfyri er ein lit-kotu týðingar talva við øllum ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 kotunum.

*Tú kanst klikkja á selluna fyri at síggja definitiónina fyri hvørja kotu.*

### Alment ásett kotuelement
Yvirlitið niðanfyri er ein fullkomin listi yvir tær 249 í løtuni alment ásettu ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 kotunum, við hesum teigum:
* **Kota** &mdash; ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 kota
* **Landanavn** &mdash; English short country name officially used by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA)
* **Ár** &mdash; Year when alpha-2 code was first officially assigned (1974, first edition of ISO 3166)
* **ccTLD** &mdash; Corresponding country code top-level domain (note that some are inactive); exceptions where another ccTLD is assigned for the country are shown in parentheses
* **ISO 3166-2** &mdash; Corresponding ISO 3166-2 codes
* **Viðmerkingar** &mdash; Any unofficial notes

### User-assigned code elements
    

User-assigned code elements are codes at the disposal of users who need to add further names of countries, territories, or other geographical entities to their in-house application of ISO 3166-1, and the ISO 3166/MA will never use these codes in the updating process of the standard. The following alpha-2 codes can be user-assigned: AA, QM to QZ, XA to XZ, and ZZ. For example:
* UN/LOCODE assigns XZ to represent installations in international waters.
* The Unicode Common Locale Data Repository assigns QO to represent Outlying Oceania (a multi-territory region containing Antarctica, Bouvet Island, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Christmas Island, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, the British Indian Ocean Territory, the French Southern Territories, and the United States Minor Outlying Islands), QU to represent the European Union, and ZZ to represent "Unknown or Invalid Territory".
* The code XK is being used by the European Commission, Switzerland, the Deutsche Bundesbank, SWIFT, and other organizations as a temporary country code for Kosovo.
* The code XN is being used by the World Intellectual Property Organization as an indicator for the Nordic Patent Institute, an international organization common to Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.

### Reserved code elements
Reserved code elements are codes which have become obsolete, or are required in order to enable a particular user application of the standard but do not qualify for inclusion in ISO 3166-1. To avoid transitional application problems and to aid users who require specific additional code elements for the functioning of their coding systems, the ISO 3166/MA, when justified, reserves these codes which it undertakes not to use for other than specified purposes during a limited or indeterminate period of time. The reserved alpha-2 codes can be divided into the following four categories: exceptional reservations, transitional reservations, indeterminate reservations, and codes currently agreed not to use.

#### Exceptional reservations
Exceptionally reserved code elements are codes reserved at the request of national ISO member bodies, governments and international organizations, which are required in order to support a particular application, as specified by the requesting body and limited to such use; any further use of such code elements is subject to approval by the ISO 3166/MA. The following alpha-2 codes are currently exceptionally reserved:

The following alpha-2 codes were previously exceptionally reserved, but are now officially assigned:

#### Transitional reservations
Transitional reserved code elements are codes reserved after their deletion from ISO 3166-1. These codes may be used only during a transitional period of at least five years while new code elements that may have replaced them are taken into use. These codes may be reassigned by the ISO 3166/MA after the expiration of the transitional period. The following alpha-2 codes are currently transitionally reserved:

The following alpha-2 code was previously transitionally reserved, but was later reassigned to another country as its official code:

For each deleted alpha-2 code, an entry for the corresponding former country name is included in ISO 3166-3. Each entry is assigned a four-letter alphabetic code, where the first two letters are the deleted alpha-2 code.

#### Indeterminate reservations
Indeterminately reserved code elements are codes used to designate road vehicles under the 1949 and 1968 United Nations Conventions on Road Traffic but differing from those contained in ISO 3166-1. These code elements are expected eventually to be either eliminated or replaced by code elements within ISO 3166-1. In the meantime, the ISO 3166/MA has reserved such code elements for an indeterminate period. Any use beyond the application of the two Conventions is discouraged and will not be approved by the ISO 3166/MA. Moreover, these codes may be reassigned by the ISO 3166/MA at any time. The following alpha-2 codes are currently indeterminately reserved:

The following alpha-2 codes were previously indeterminately reserved, but have been reassigned to another country as its official code:

; Notes


#### Codes currently agreed not to use
In addition, the ISO 3166/MA will not use the following alpha-2 codes at the present stage, as they are used for international intellectual property organizations in WIPO Standard ST.3:

WIPO Standard ST.3 actually uses EA, instead of EV, to represent the Eurasian Patent Organization. However, EA was already exceptionally reserved by the ISO 3166/MA to represent Ceuta and Melilla for customs purposes. The ISO 3166/MA proposed in 1995 that EV be used by WIPO to represent the Eurasian Patent Organization; however, this request was not honoured by WIPO.

## Strikaðar kotur
Hear kotur eru strikaðar úr ISO 3166-1:

For each deleted alpha-2 code, an entry for the corresponding former country name is included in ISO 3166-3. Each entry is assigned a four-letter alphabetic code, where the first two letters are the deleted alpha-2 code.

## Sí eisini
* Listi yvir FIPS landakotur í FIPS 10-4, partur av Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS)
* Regional Indicator Symbol í Unicode
* CSV Eksportur av ISO 3166-1 alpha2 frá datahub.io

## Ávísingar


## Keldur og slóðir úteftir
* ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency, International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
** Country names and code elements &mdash; list of alpha-2 codes
*** Text file (English) 
*** XML file (English) 
** *Reserved code elements under ISO 3166-1 "Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes"*, available on request from ISO 3166/MA
* *[[The World Factbook]]* (public domain), Central Intelligence Agency
** Appendix D &ndash; Cross-Reference List of Country Data Codes  &mdash; comparison of FIPS 10, ISO 3166, and STANAG 1059 country codes
* Administrative Divisions of Countries ("Statoids"), Statoids.com
** Country codes &mdash; comparison of ISO 3166-1 country codes with other country codes
** ISO 3166-1 Change History