René Leibowitz

**René Leibowitz** (17. helmikuuta 1913 Varsova – 28. elokuuta 1972 Pariisi) oli puolalais-ranskalainen musiikinteoreetikko, taidemusiikin säveltäjä ja kapellimestari. Hän käytti 12-säveljärjestelmää yhtenä ensimmäisistä ja oli tunnetuimpia sen käyttäjiä ja esitaistelijoita .

Leibowitzin sävellystuotanto on saanut vaikutteita etenkin Arnold Schönbergiltä, ja kapellimestarina ja musiikkikirjoittajana hän edisti Wienin toisen koulukunnan musiikkia. Hänen oppilaisiinsa kuului sarjallisuuden kehittäjä Pierre Boulez.

Leibowitz kirjoitti huomiota herättäneen kirjasen *Sibelius, le plus mauvais compositeur du monde* (suom. ’Sibelius, maailman huonoin säveltäjä’), jossa hän arvostelee ankarasti Jean Sibeliusta.

## Kirjallinen tuotanto
* 'Schoenberg et son école: l'étape contemporaine du langage musical*, Paris : Janin, 1947
* *L'évolution de la musique : de Bach à Schœnberg*, 	Paris : Éditions Corrêa, cop. 1951
* *Sibelius, le plus mauvais compositeur du monde*, Liège, Éd. Dynamo, 1951
* *Histoire de l' opéra*, Paris, 1957.

==Sävellystuotanto==

*Piano Sonata op. 1 (1939)
*10 Canons for wind trio op. 2 (1939)
*String Quartet no.1 op. 3 (1940) 
*Symphony op. 4 (1941)
*Double concerto for violin, piano and 17 instruments op. 5 (1942)
*6 Songs for bass and piano op. 6 (1942)
**Tourist Death*, concert aria for soprano and chamber orchestra (runo: [[Archibald MacLeish]]) op. 7 (1943)
*4 Piano Pieces op. 8 (1943)
*3 Songs for soprano and piano (runo: [[Pablo Picasso]]) op. 9 (1943)
*Chamber Concerto for nine instruments op. 10 (1944)
*Wind Quintet op. 11 (1944)
*Sonata for violin and piano op. 12a (1944)
*Sonata for flute and piano op. 12b (1944)
**Empedokles* for mixed a cappella chorus (runo: [[Friedrich Hölderlin]]) op. 13 (1944/45)
*Variations for orchestra op. 14 (1945)
**L'explication des métaphores/Explanation of Metaphors* (runo: [[Raymond Queneau]]) op. 15 (1947)
*Chamber Symphony ("Kammersymphonie") for 12 instruments op. 16 (1948)
**La Nuit close*, music drama in three acts (runo: [[Georges Limbour]]) op. 17 (1947–50)
*4 Songs for soprano and piano (runo: [[Michel Leiris]]) op. 18 (1949)
*3 Piano Pieces op. 19 (1949)
*Piano Trio op. 20 (1950)
**L'Emprise du Donné* op. 21 (1950)
*String Quartet no.2 op. 22 (1950)
*Duo for cello and piano op. 23 (1951)
**Perpetuum Mobile: The City – A Dramatic Symphony for Narrator and Orchestra* (runo: [[William Carlos Williams]]) op. 24 (1951)
*5 Songs for soprano and piano op. 25 (1951)
*String Quartet no.3 op. 26 (1951)
*Fantasy for piano op. 27 (1952)
*6 Short Piano Pieces op. 28 (1952)
*5 Pieces for clarinet and piano op. 29 (1952)
**La Circulaire de minuit*, opera in three acts (runo: Georges Limbour) op. 30 (1953)
*6 Orchestral Pieces op. 31 (1954)
*Concerto for piano and orchestra op. 32 (1954)
**Träume vom Tod und vom Leben – Eine Symphonie für Soli, Sprecher, gemischten Chor und Orchester* (runo: [[Hans Arp]]) op. 33 (1954–55)
*4 Songs for soprano and piano (runo: [[James Joyce]]) op. 34 (1954)
**Concertino* for viola and chamber orchestra op. 35 (1954)
**Rhapsodie Concertante* for violin and piano op. 36 (1955)
**La notte* (runo: Angelo Poliziano), *Epigramma* (runo: [[Torquato Tasso]]) and *A se stesso* (runo: [[Giacomo Leopardi]]) for mixed chorus op. 37 (1955)
**Serenade* for baritone and eight instruments (runo: Friedrich Hölderlin, [[Clemens Brentano]]) op. 38 (1955)
*Symphonic Fantasy for orchestra op. 39 (1956)
**The Renegade* for mixed chorus and instruments (runo: [[Lionel Abel]]) op. 40 (1956)
**Capriccio* for high soprano and nine instruments (runo: Friedrich Hölderlin) op. 41 (1956)
*String Trio op. 42 (1956)
**Sonata quasi una fantasia* for piano op. 43 (1957)
**Humoresque* for six percussionists op. 44 (1957)
*String Quartet no.4 op. 45 (1958)
**Trois Poèmes de Georges Limbour* for soprano and six instruments (runo: Georges Limbour) op. 46 (1958)
**Concertino* for piano duet op. 47 (1958)
*Overture for orchestra op. 48 (1958)
**Damocles*, song cycle for soprano and piano (runo: Michel Leiris) op. 49 (1958)
*Concerto for violin and orchestra op. 50 'dedicated to [[Ivry Gitlis]]' (1958)
*3 Bagatelles for string orchestra op. 51 (1958)
**Art for Art's Sake – A Fantasia for Jazz Orchestra* op. 52 (1959)
**Concertino* for trombone and orchestra op. 53 (1960)
**Marijuana – Variations non sérieuses op. 54 (1960)
**Sinfonietta da Camera* op. 55 (1961)
*Fantasy for violin solo op. 56 (1961)
*Introduction, Funeral March and Fanfare op. 57 (1961)
*Concerto for cello and orchestra op. 58 (1962)
*String Quartet no.5 op. 59 (1963)
**Les Espagnols à Venise – Opera buffa* in one act (runo: Georges Limbour) op. 60 (1964)
**Quatre bagatelles* for trombone and piano op. 61 (1963)
**Toccata pour piano* op. 62 (1964)
*Symphonic Rhapsody for orchestra op. 63 (1965)
**Trois Études miniatures* for piano op. 64 (1965)
*String Quartet no.6 op. 65 (1965)
**Suite* for violin and piano op. 66 (1965)
*2 Songs for soprano and piano (runo: Aimé Cesaire) op. 67 (1965)
**A Prayer – A Symphonic Cantata* for mezzo-soprano, male chorus and orchestra (runo: James Joyce) op. 68 (1965)
**Sonatina* for flute, viola and harp op. 69 (1966)
**Trois Caprices* for vibraphone op. 70 (1966)
**Two Settings after William Blake* for mixed chorus (runo: William Blake) op. 71 (1966)
*String Quartet no.7 op. 72 (1966)
**Trois Poèmes de Georges Bataille* for bass and piano (runo: Georges Bataille) op. 73 (1966)
**Motifs* for speaker and instruments (runo: Georges Limbour) op. 74 (1967)
**Petite Suite* for piano op. 75 (1966)
**Deux Poèmes* for soprano and piano (runo: Michel Leiris) op. 76a (1966)
**Chanson Dada*, three melodramas for treble and instruments (runo: Tristan Tzara) op. 76b (1966)
**Sonnet* for soprano and five instruments (runo: E. E. Cummings) op. 77 (1967)
**Rondo capriccioso* for piano op. 78 (1967)
**Capriccio* for flute and strings op. 79 (1967)
*4 Songs for bass and piano (runo: Carl Einstein) op. 80 (1967)
**Suite* for nine instruments op. 81 (1967)
**Legend* for soprano, piano and orchestra (runo: Hart Crane) op. 82 (1968)
*String Quartet no.8 op. 83 (1968)
*Saxophone Quartet op. 84 (1969)
**Labyrinthe*, music drama in one act (runo: René Leibowitz after Charles Baudelaire) op. 85 (1969)
*4 Songs for bass and piano (runo: Paul Celan) op. 86 (1969)
**Tre Intermezzi per pianoforte* op. 87 (1970)
**Laboratoire Central – Short Cantata* for speaker, female chorus and instruments (runo: Max Jacob) op. 88 (1970)
**Scene and Aria* for soprano and orchestra (runo: Georg Heym) op. 89 (1970)
*Clarinet Sextet op. 90 (1970)
**Todos Caeràn*, opera in 2 acts and 5 tableaux (runo: René Leibowitz) op. 91 (1971)
**Trois Poèmes de Pierre Reverdy* for vocal quartet and piano (runo: Pierre Reverdy) op. 92 (1971)
*String Quartet no.9 op. 93 (1972)

## Lähteet

## Kirjallisuutta
* Meine, Sabine: *Ein Zwölftöner in Paris: Studien zur Biographie und Wirkung von René Leibowitz (1913–1972).* Publikationen der Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hannover, 10. Augsburg: Wißner, 2000.