Ladde darnde

**Darnde ladde** ko renndo leɗɗe jokkondirɗe no feewi, tawa ina nanndi e mbaydiiji mum, e nder mum en , e nder duuɓi mum en, e nder mawneeki mum en, e nder njuɓɓudi mum en, e nder njuɓɓudi mum en, e nder njuɓɓudi mum en, e nder ngonkaaji mum en, walla e nokkuuji mum en tawa ina ngoodi sifaa mum en ngam seerndude ɗum e renndooji koɗdiiɗi ɗii. 

Ladde ko "mooftirgel darnde" kadi huutortoo ko golle ladde .  **Model stand level** ko sifaa model e nder gannde ladde ɗo yuɓɓo mawngo woni darnde ladde.

## Sifaa darnde
Darnde ladde ina heewi siforeede no 10ths walla 10%s. Nii woni limre ina waawi rokkireede : 3 pine Ponderosa, 2 leɗɗe mangrove, 5 leɗɗe kaalis. So tawii won darnde jillondirnde nde darnde jillondirde ina waawi siforeede no jillondirde haa 10%, jillondirde 10–40% e darnde jillondirde dow ndeen limoore.Nokku jillondirɗo e sifaaji leɗɗe ina heewi rokkeede ko wayi no 
* yimɓe – nde won leɗɗe seeɗa ɗe njokkondirtaa e sifaa.
* konu – haa leɗɗe 5 jokkondirɗe e sifaa gooto.
* groupe – nde leɗɗe ɓuri 5, kono ɗe ɓuri lekki ɓuuɓki juutde.
* ɓuuɓri – so tawii leɗɗe ina ɓura 5, kono ɗe ɓuri lekki kiiɗki haa hedde 0,5 ha.
* fedde ɓole (cluster) – dental leɗɗe dartinaaɗe, leɗɗe e nder fedde ɓole ina njogii tooweeki ceertuki e luggiɗde ceertunde walla yuɓɓo stripwise. Rotten ummorii ko e ɗemngal Almaañ, *Rotte* e firti ko pack. Ɗee leɗɗe ina njokkondiri e pelle tokoose ɓutte ceertuɗe e hakkundeeji ɓurɗi mawnude. Ɗum firti ko ɗe moƴƴi e leɗɗe koɗli .

## Darnde distance
Diɗɗal darnde ina waawi siforeede e mbaydi kuuɓtodinndi leɗɗe ɗee. Ina waawi noon limteede e :

* Packed – koronaaji ɗii fof ina njillondiri so ƴeewdaama dow
* Uddit – koronaaji ɗii fof ina memi, kono ɗi njiidaani
* Annoore – nde won nokku hakkunde koronaaji ɗii ko even
* Spacey/gappy – nde leɗɗe seeɗa ina ɓadii tawa kadi ina waɗi laɓɓingol keewngol hakkunde ɗeen pelle tokoose

## Ngida
Stand wonaa njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi logic, cifaaɗi ekolosii. E nder heen, ɗe ƴellitii ko e miijo Normalwald, ngo nganndu-ɗaa ko miijo ƴellitgol koɗki, ɗum noon leydi ladde ndii ko adii fof ko ngam heɓde ngalu e peewnugol leɗɗe. Stands ina addana limto e peewnugol laddeeji ɓurɗi hoybude . Miijo ngoo, e mbaadi yaajndi, huutoraama e nder denndaangal golle laddeeji e nder winndere ndee, kono ummorii ko e *Mitteleuropa* e darorɗe teeminannde 18ɓiire e puɗal teeminannde 19ɓiire e aadaaji njulaagu, jaŋde Prusse e feeñde e silviculture jamaanu.
Yanti e miijo Normalwald arii miijo wonde darndeeji ina njuɓɓinee to bannge mawnugol, jillondiral leƴƴi, tolno duuɓi e mette goɗɗe leɗɗe e wonde laddeeji ina poti yiɗde fawde ɗum e tagoore nde woodaani haa jooni.

## Alternatiiji
No stand woniri e faggudu leɗɗe laddeeji, ina teskaa no feewi e elemen leɗɗe laddeeji. Nde teskaaki geɗe goɗɗe nder ladde ko wayi no leɗɗe, daabaaji walla topografi e kelme goɗɗe ina mbaawi ɓurde yahdude e paandaale ekolosii walla nafoore leydi goɗɗe nder laddeeji. Helmere engeleere wiyeteende grove ko yeru gooto. Kadi ina ɗaɓɓiree *eko-unit* .  Helmere woɗnde ina waawi kadi huutoreede, kono ko e tolnooji ceertuɗi, ko wayi no copse walla woodland . Ngam naftoraade e silviculture, hono ɗeen kelme ina poti laaɓtude e huutoreede no haanirta nii. Waasde ndeen darnde ina waawi heddaade e yuɓɓo ɓurngo yiɗeede ngam huutoraade laddeeji e woɗɓe njuɓɓudi laddeeji, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi.

## Ƴeew kadi

* Bosquet, ko nokku ɗo leɗɗe njuɓɓintee
* Coppicing, feere njuɓɓudi leɗɗe
**  e nder Wikifo
* Grove (tago), fedde leɗɗe tokosere
* Thicket, ko nokku leɗɗe denndaaɗe
* Dinamiik ladde
*  e nder Wikiftorde
* Daraade (faccitaade)

## Himobe