Kew asylum

**Kew Lunatic Asylum** ko opitaal hakkillaaji mo alaa ko woni e mum, woni hakkunde laawol Princess e laawol Yarra to Kew, wuro Melbourne, to leydi Ostarali. Golle mum ko tuggi 1871 haa 1988, Kew ina jeyaa e asilooji ɓurɗi mawnude ɗi meeɗaa mahde e nder Ostarali. Caggal ɗuum anndiraa ko Willsmere, nokku oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1864 e 1872 e fawaade e diisnondiral mahooɓe G.W. Vivian e Frederick Kawerau mo Biro Golle Jaayɗe Victoria[1][2] ngam hoɗnude ɓeydagol keewal "lunatik en", "inaamɓe", e "ƴoƴɓe" e nder Koloni Victoria.[1]

Asilo gadano mahaaɗo e faandaare e nder Koloni Victoria, Kew kadi ɓuri mawnude e yaajde e asilooji banndiraaɓe mum to Ararat e Beechworth. Mahdiiji asilo ɗii ko yeruuji keewɗi e mbaadi mahdi Itaali[3] ndi yimɓe fof njiɗnoo e nder wuro Melbourne, jamaanu Victoria. Feewniraa ko ngam wonde ŋarɗuɗo, belɗo, kono ko heewi, e yiyeede no "asilo mawɗo wonande majjere" e fawaade e yiɗde hollirde Melbourne no wuro siwil e moƴƴo tawa ina reena mbaadi asilooji goɗɗi nannduɗi e kasoo.[4][ 5] Ɗee paandaale ɓeydaama e huutoraade mahe ha-ha leslese e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi. Ko ɓooyaani koo, Kew Asylum e galleeji mum keewɗi mbinnditaama e binnditagol leydi ndii e lewru marse 1978.[6]

Ko wonaa peeje mawɗe e miijooji puɗɗaaɗi, Kew Asylum ina joginoo daartol caɗtungol e ƴeewndo, addani ɗum naamne keewɗe[7][8] e nder duuɓi 117 golle mum, ina heen kadi Komisariyaa Laamɗo.[9] Ko heewi e yimɓe, ŋakkeende njuɓɓudi, ŋakkeende jawdi, ŋakkeende cellal e ñawuuji ko huunde nde heewi ñiŋeede e nder duuɓi capanɗe joy gadani asilo oo;[1] nokkuuji ɓooyɗi e juɓɓule ko huunde nde heewɓe njiylotoo e sahaa Kew caggal ɗuum.

Kew jokki golle mum e nder teeminannde 20ɓiire ndee fof, hono « opitaal wonande ɓe ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi », « opitaal hakkille », walla « opitaal hakkille », ina safra ñawɓe ɓuuɓɓe, juutɓe e ñawɓe mawɓe haa nde udditaa e lewru desaambar 1988. Mahdi mawndi ndii e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi heen ɗii laamu leydi ndi yeeyi ɗum en e kitaale 1980, ɓe mbayli ɗum en no jeyi hoɗorde nii.

Decommission e ƴellitgol

Ƴellitaare hoɗorde Willsmere
E lewru suwee 1943, gardiiɗo wuro Kew, W. D. Birrell, yaltinii ciimtol ko fayti e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e golle Kew caggal wolde. Birrell eeriima no feewi diiso ngoo nde ƴettata uddugol Kew Asylum, tawa dalillaaji ɗii ina poti fecceede e "...lelnude e dow kuule peewnugol wuro jamaanu tawa ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 700 haa 800 galle". E wiyde Birrell, ɗum wonata ko peeje moƴƴe caggal wolde nde tawnoo ina addana en golle e leydi ndi ina haani no feewi ngam hoɗde. Eɓɓaande Birrell ndee wonaa ko hesɗi; gila nde asilo oo sosaa, eɓɓaaɗe udditgol e ƴellitgol mum ina njuɓɓinee duuɓi seeɗa kala.[68] Peeje Birrell ɗee njoofaani sabu keewal yimɓe e nder opitaaluuji hakkillaaji goɗɗi e nder leydi Victoria fof ina ɗaɓɓi jokkude golle Kew.

E hitaande 1986, limoore leɗɗe opitaal Willsmere ustaama haa 430, heen feccere ko ñawɓe psychogeriatric.[69] Ngam saabaade waylo-waylo cellal hakkille jokkiingo, laamu Labour to Victoria e oon sahaa, yamiri "Eɓɓoore Willsmere",[70] nde faandaare mum wonnoo ko peewnugol ngam ittude safrirde ndee e ƴellitde golle e gollorɗe e nder renndo ngoo.[69] Ñawɓe ɓerɗe juutɗe, njaltinaama e cuuɗi cafrirɗi kesi e nder gure teeru, e nder suudu safrirdu Plenty Psychiatric Hospital to Bundoora, e nder safrirde Heatherton Tuberculosis mo moƴƴinaa[71] walla e nder nokkuuji safrirde goɗɗi. Ñawɓe ɓe cellaani no feewi, ɓe meeɗaa naatde e Willsmere, jooni neldaama to cuuɗi kesi mahaaɗi to opitaal Maroondah, to nokku safrirde Monash walla to opitaal Peninsula.[70] Willsmere udditaa e lewru desaambar 1988[60][70], laamu Victoria soodi ɗum e darorɗe kitaale 1980. Njiylawu yaajngu e ndeenka timminaama e hitaande 1988[72], zum wasiyiima yo ko vuri heewde e mahdiiji asliiji zi ndeentee.

Koolol safrirde ngol, haa jooni, ko Central Equity ƴelliti ɗum, waɗti ɗum cuuɗi hoɗɓe.[73] Ƴellitaare hoɗorde Willsmere ndee udditaama e dow laabi ñalnde 27 oktoobar 1993, tawi ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii, hono Jeff Kennett.

Heddii ko huɗo hakkunde laawol Fuɗnaange ngol e cuuɗi safrirde mawɗi ɗii, haa arti noon e nokku ɗo asilo oo woni ɗoo, ko nokku ɗo Kew Gardens hoɗi ɗoo.[74] Eɓɓoore Kew Gardens ndee timminii e hitaande 1995.[75] Mahdiiji e nokkuuji galleeji Kew (ko adii fof ko nokkuuji Kew Asylum) ndartinaama no feewi eɓɓaande "Main Drive" nde Walker Corporation waɗi.[76]

Ina jeyaa e sarɗiiji yamiroore ƴellitaare ummoraade e Diisnondiral Mahdi Taariindi, ina ɗaɓɓi nde taƴre mahdi ndii waɗetee e nokku hee, tawa ina jogoo musee binndol daartol nokku oo. Ɗum addani sosde kollirgol firo e nder taƴre ɓooynde "Female Paying Patients Ward", ƴellitgol arsiif e mooftirgel kaɓirɗe tawa ina waɗi binndanɗe seeɗa heddiiɗe e geɗe heddiiɗe nde Central Equity heɓi njiimaandi nokku oo e juuɗe A.V. Jenings. Arsiif oo e ko mooftaa koo, ko eɓɓoore arsiif ganndal Ostarali (ASAP) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Melbourne sosi ɗum.[77]

Daartol binndaangol
Taariikaaji Kew Asylum binndaaɗi walla bayyinaaɗi ina pamɗi.[1] Ko ɓuri heewde e humpitooji jowitiiɗi e asilo ɗii ummorii ko e binndanɗe laawɗuɗe Kew ɗe jooni ko Ofis binnditagol renndo Victoria jogii.[38] Won e binndanɗe gadane ɗee ina udditaa (walla ina udditaa heen seeɗa) ngam yiyde ko wayi no defte naatgol, binndanɗe ñaawoore, binnditagol, e jaayndeeji safaara. Kono ko ɓuri heewde e binndanɗe ummoriiɗe e hitaande 1915 ina udditaa, sabu sifaa sensible mo geɗe ɗe njiylotoo ɗee, e waawde wonde banndiraaɓe deggondirɓe e adannde ina mbaawi wuurde haa jooni.[60]

Fotooji keewɗi ɗi Kew Asylum ina njogii e nder defterdu cellal hakkille Victoria to opitaal Royal Melbourne. Defterdu dowla Victoria ina jogii kadi fotooje keewɗe gadane Kew. Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Melbourne ina jogii teskuyaaji seeɗa ko fayti e Kew – ko ɓuri heewde e majji ko juutɗi e njuuteendi, ko ɗi tuugiiɗi e mahdi.[78][79][80] Ko selli heen ko binndol Cheryl Day ngol PhD mum yaltinaaka, ko sifaa etnogaraafi e duuɓi capanɗe joyi gadani nguurndam Kew. So tawii tesis oo yaltinaaka, ina tawee e mbaadi PDF rewrude e lowre defterdu duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Melbourne.[81]

Won e nate nguurndam Kew hannde ina ngoodi. Paul Ward Farmer winndi winndannde "Yontereeji tati e nder suudu safrirdu Kew", ina siftina naatgol makko to Kew e kitaale 1890.[82] Julian Thomas, jaayndiyanke Ameriknaajo, winndii binndanɗe keewɗe ngam jaaynde wiyeteende The Argus e hitaande 1876-1877 e innde mum « The Vagabond ». Thomas wonnoo ko golloowo to Kew e oon sahaa.[55] Ina woodi kadi geɗe cifaaɗe e seedantaagal ñawɓe, safrooɓe, e gollotooɓe to Kew (kañum e opitaaluuji hakkillaaji goɗɗi Victoria ko wayi no Royal Park, Mont Park e Sunbury) ina ciftina ngonka kulɓiniika e nder asilooji ɗii e kitaale 1920 e nder deftere wiyeteende A Plea for Better Safrude ñawɓe hakkillaaji e Hon. Wiliyam G. Higgs.[83]

Teskorɗe
 Nyalade
 "Opitaal Willsmere ɓooyɗo (limto VICH861)". Innde nokkuuji ndonaandi Ostarali. Departemaa Duumagol, Taariindi, Ndiyam, Yimɓe e Renndooji. Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 30 Ut 2008.
 "VHD". Moƴƴinaama gila e asli mum ñalnde 17 abriil 2016. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 8 abriil 2016.
 VPP1876, toɓɓere 3, hello 57
 Ñalawma, p.31
 "Opitaal Willsmere (gonnooɗo), laamɗo debbo, Kew, Vic, Ostarali (Nokku ID 5684)". Dataaji ndonu Ostarali. Laamu leydi Ostarali. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 2 suwee 2008.
 Ñalawma, p.36
 VPP1876
 Zox
 Ñalawma, p.30
 Ñalawma, p.22
 Konoli, Yuhanna (1847). Pewnugol e laamu asilooji e opitaaluuji lunatic ngam majjere. Pall: Dawsons.
 Manning, F.N (1868). Ciimtol New South Wales ko faati e asilooji lunatic. Kanbera: AGPS. p.166
 Vivian, deftere 4 hello 949
 Yahoowo, h.4
 "E ɗaɓɓooɓe maa ina njuula e newaare – Asilo Lunatic 1858". Ofis binnditagol jamaa Victoria. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 17 lewru bowte 2008. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 7 suwee 2008.
 "Sariya leydi Kew e Heidelberg 1933 - Toɓɓere ɗiɗmere". Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 22 lewru Mbooy 2007. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 8 Noowammbar 2008.
 Hone, J. Ann (1969). "Amess, Samuwel (1826-1896)". Saggitorde nguurndam Ostarali. Canberra: Duɗal ngenndiwal nguurndam, Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ngenndiwal Ostarali. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 7 noowammbar 2008.
 Ñalawma, p.29
 E wiyde Dr Dick e hitaande 1884 ‘Asylum Kew ngam mahngo, fittaandu, keeri, feccere, e lelnugol e dow sarwisaaji gaas e ndiyam ina yoɓee 198 334 poond so yerondiraama e Ararat [£]128 222 ... Beechworth [£]o’166,4 , toɓɓere 4 hello 12)
 Ñalawma, p.32
 Ñalawma, p.37
 Ñalawma, p.34
 Kaas
 Ñalawma, p.71
 Ndonu Victoria. "Koɗorɗe Kew ɓooyɗe (Sarwisaaji hoɗorde Kew)". Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 24 lewru Mbooy 2011. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 25 Oktoobar 2008.
 Yaakuuba (cf.25), e nder Ñalawma.
 Konnoli, p.9
 "Ciimtol renndinde – Cereeli leɗɗe Holly" (PDF). Hoolaare ngenndiire Victoria. Mooftaa (PDF) gila e asli mum ñalnde 19 sulyee 2008. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 25 oktoobar 2008.
 Walker, hello 5, hello 30, hello 36
 Burke, A. (2011). "Maandeeji leydi e nder safaara majjere: mbayliigu nokkuuji asilo e nder teeminannde 19ɓiire to Melbourne, Ostarali". Innjiniyaar Leydi. 1425 haa 1439. Doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9920-4_80. ISBN 978-90-481-9919-8.
 Ñalawma, p.67
 "Series VPRS 7456 Jamirooje naatgol – Ñawɓe worɓe e rewɓe". Ofis binnditagol jamaa Victoria. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 10 lewru bowte 2020. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 30 lewru bowte 2008.
 "Seereeji VPRS 7680 binnditagol ñawɓe". Ofis binnditagol jamaa Victoria. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 26 sulyee 2008. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 10 lewru bowte 2008.
 "Binndital ñawɓe (VA 2840) Kew, hitaande 1871-1919". Ofis binnditagol jamaa Victoria. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 20 lewru Yarkomaa 2021. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 7 Suwee 2008.
 Ñalawma, p.57
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 Ardorde PROV 59
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 "Ajensi VA 2852 cuuɗi Kew". Ofis binnditagol jamaa Victoria. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 25 sulyee 2008. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 5 suwee 2008.
 Pratt, Valma. "Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde wakkati – Duɗal Lee Street & suudu Carlton". Infoserv, Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Melbourne. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 24 oktoobar 2009. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 9 suwee 2008.
 "Agency VA 2853 Asilo Inbriant Northcote". Ofis binnditagol jamaa Victoria. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 26 sulyee 2008. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 28 suwee 2008.
 "Agency VA 2850 nokkuure ɓuuɓnde". Ofis binnditagol jamaa Victoria. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 26 sulyee 2008. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 28 suwee 2008.
 "Ajensi VA 2849 Lara gonɗo e ɓuuɓri". Ofis binnditagol jamaa Victoria. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 26 sulyee 2008. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 8 suwee 2008.
 Lindesay, Vane (1981). "Dyson, Ambrous Artur (1876-1913)". Saggitorde nguurndam Ostarali. Canberra: Duɗal ngenndiwal nguurndam, Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ngenndiwal Ostarali. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 7 noowammbar 2008.
 Koligan, Mimi. "Edward mo sirlu/Ellen De Lacy Evans - Picaresque nder ngeedam goonga". Jaaynde LaTrobe. 69 (Ndunngu 2002). Defterdu leydi Victoria: 59–68. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 15 suwee 2008. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 1 suwee 2008.
 Gideyon (2006). Rewolisonuuji deƴƴuɗi: Binndanɗe e daartol kirikit. Ɓaleejo Inc. p. 243. Ɗemngal 1-86395-310-8.
 Parker, Graham (1971). "Fiilde hakkunde ndunngu". Almanaak Kiriket Wisden – bayyinaango e internet. John Wisden & Co. Moƴƴinaama e asli mum ñalnde 20 lewru Yarkomaa 2013. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 6 lewru Noowammbar 2008.
 Loughlin, Graham (1988). "Nesbit, Pari (1852-1927)". Saggitorde nguurndam Ostarali. Canberra: Duɗal ngenndiwal nguurndam, Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ngenndiwal Ostarali. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 22 suwee 2008.
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 Oxford Sehil to

Natal Kew Asylum ko ina wona hitaande 1880. Mahdiiji Asylum Yarra Bend ina kollitaa e yeeso.
E nder kitaale 1850, nokkuuji lunatic gonɗi e Koloni Victoria ina keewi.[10] Asilo Yarra Bend, nde wonnoo ina yahra e duuɓi jeegom tan, ina sikkaa ina fotnoo wonde[11] e Asilo Carlton Lunatic (mo wonnoo gaol e fuɗɗoode) ina wondi e caɗeele. Ndeen noon, e hitaande 1854, laamu Koloni Victoria yamiri ciimtol ngam suɓaade nokkuuji e peeje ngam waɗde asilo lunatic keso.[11] Miijo jannguɗo hannde oo ko wonde asilooji lunatic ina poti mahde "e nokku celluɗo, jaɓoowo annoore e henndu, e ɓuuɓri ...[e dow] nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nder leydi ɓuuɓndi e jaɓndi".[12] E nder ciimtol gardiiɗo asilooji to New South Wales, Frederick Norton Manning hollitii wonde "nokku cuɓaaɗo oo ina jogii nafoore mawnde. Ko e maggo foti fawaade e wellitaare, weltaare e cellal yimɓe nanngaaɓe ɓee."[13] Nii woni nokku gonɗo dow tulde, sara maayo Yarra ummoraade Yarra Bend ko ɗum wasiyii e ciimtol G.W. Vivian mo biro golle laamu.[14] Vivian siftinii lowre ndee ko nii:

taƴre leydi, fotde 400 ektaar, ina woni e maayo Yarra, fotde 4 kiloomeeteer to Melbourne, e 1⁄2 kiloomeeteer to fuɗnaange wuro Kew ... nokku cuɓaaɗo oo ko ŋoral laaɓngal, toowngal fotde 100 meeteer dow toɓɓere maayo, jaɓde ɓuuɓol no haanirta nii e teskinngol ngam nokkuuji pawɗi, fannu cuɓaaɗo oo ko fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder lebbi ɓuuɓɗi, batte ɓuuɓɗe henndu maayo maa nannge, tawa ina ɓuuɓna henndu fuɗnaange-rewo .

G. W. Vivian, Ciimtol ko fayti e njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi Kew

Miijo wonde henndu walla nokkuuji ɗo henndu ɓuuɓnata ina celli, ummorii ko e miijo Victoria ɓurngo yaajde, ngo jokkondirta ñawu nguu e ɓuuɓri e ɓuuɓri, kadi wonde miasmaaji henndu laaɓtundu ina ngadda ñawuuji.[1] Nokku mo Vivian wasiyii ngam heɓde asilo oo, ko adii fof ko nokku rezerw wuro.[15] Yimɓe wuro Kew mettini heen no feewi eɓɓaande ndee, ɓe ñaagii laamu nguu, kono alaa ko nafi.[16] 340 ektaar (1,4 km2; 0,5 km2) leydi e nder diiwaan Bourke, parroisse Boroondara, wuro Kew, ina rewee haa abada ngam wonde "Nokku ɗo Lunatic Asylum" woni e nder jaaynde laamu hitaande 1864.[17] Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1864, kono ngol dartinaama ko famɗi fof ɗoon e ɗoon e ciimtol golle leslese e dow fonngooji ɗii. Wiɗto rewi heen, Frederick Kawerau woppi golle mum.[5] Kontraktoor Samuel Amess[18] jokki mahngo to Kew e huutoraade peeje Kawerau. Ɗe ummorii ko e peeje ɗe Vivian holliti ko adii, ɗe nanndi e peeje Kawerau ngam Ararat e Beechworth, hay so tawii noon Kew ɓuri mawnude,[19] kadi ɓuri yaajde e njoɓdi £198,334.[20]

Sifaaaji ceertuɗi

Asamaan mo Asilo Kew
Koolol asilo ko yeru asilo lunatic E-plan tuugiiɗo e asilo model 1850s to Colney Hatch, Angalteer,[21] mo hoore mum w