Maryam Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja

**Maryam Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja** (aarabeere: مريم عبد الهادي الخواجة , e ɗemngal romaan: Maryam ʻAbd al-Hādi al-Khawāja ; jibinaa ko 26 suwee 1987)[1] ko daraniiɗo jojjanɗe aadee e Bahreyn. Ko o ɓiy Abdulhadi al-Khawaja, daraniiɗo jojjanɗe aadee mo Bahreyn, gonnooɗo gardiiɗo nokku toppitiiɗo jojjanɗe aadee (GCHR).[2] Ko kanko woni hannde wasiya keeriiɗo ko fayti e wallitde e nder GCHR, omo golloroo kadi e wasiyaaji e nder ONG. O wonii tergal e fedde winndereyankoore ngam hakkeeji aadee e No Hiding Place. O wonii cukko hooreejo e nder yiilirde Fonds d’Action Urgente.

## Nguurndam adanɗam
Al-Khawaja jibinaa ko to leydi Siri, yumma mum ina wiyee Khadija Almousawi, e Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja, daraniiɗo jojjanɗe aadee mo Bahreyn-Denmark. Baaba makko ina yiɗnoo to leydi Bahrein gila e cakkital kitaale 1980. Nde o heɓi duuɓi ɗiɗi, ɓesngu makko heɓi asilo politik to leydi Danemark.[3] Ɓe ngoni toon haa hitaande 2001, nde ɓe njaɓaa naatde Bahreyn.[4]

Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bahrain e hitaande 2009, Al-Khawaja waɗii hitaande to Amerik e bursi Fulbright to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Brown. Kono nde o arti Bahrein e cakkital hitaande 2010, o dañaani golle e nder jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe walla jaŋde sabu golle baaba makko jowitiiɗe e jojjanɗe aadee. E nder heen o naati e Centre Bahrein for Human Rights, mo baaba makko sosi, ɗo o ardii biro jokkondiral caggal leydi, o wonti cukko hooreejo, o woni hooreejo e sahaa nde hooreejo BCHR, Nabeel Rajab, wonnoo e sahaaji nde o nanngaa.[4]

Ñalnde 22 lewru juko hitaande 2011, baaba Al-Khawaja ñaawaa kasoo e nder ñaawirde militeer en, tawi ko o tuumaaɗo « yuɓɓinde e ƴellitde fedde ownooɓe » sabu darnde makko e nder fitinaaji Bahrain 2011-2012 ngam haɓaade demokaraasi.[5]

## Kugal
Golle jojjanɗe aadee

Al-Khawaja ina tiiɗnoo e tawtoreede seppooji e wallitde pelle jojjanɗe aadee gila nde o woni suka. O golliima kadi fiɓnde e firo jaayndiyankooɓe arɓe Bahrain ngam humpitaade ngonka toon. E hitaande 2006, Al-Khawaja ina jeyaa e delegaasiyoŋ yahnooɗo to galle ONU to wuro New York, o hawri e balloowo Sekreteruuji Jeneraal ngam rokkude ɗaɓɓaande mawnde ngam ɗaɓɓude yo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe oo woppu laamu, sabu mum bonnude jojjanɗe aadee. E hitaande 2008, Al-Khawaja noddaama e juuɗe Goomu jojjanɗe aadee biyeteeɗo Tom Lantos ngam seedtaade to Kongres Amerik ko fayti e ndimaagu diine to Bahreyn. Laamu nguu ardiima kampaañ ƴaañoowo e nder jaayɗe ngam haɓaade fedde daraniiɓe haalooɓe e ndeeɗoo jonnde ina jeyaa heen Al-Khawaja, haala maɓɓe jaɓaama e juɓɓule ko wayi no Frontline, OMCT e FIDH.

## Naatgol e fitinaaji Bahreyn
Wideyooji yaajɗi

icon video Maryam al-Khawaja tawtoreede yeewtere ndimaagu Oslo e lewru mee 2011 e nder Youtube

Caggal nde o tawtoraama e yuɓɓinde seppooji gadani ngam haɓaade demokaraasi e hitaande 2011, Al-Khawaja naati e njillu haalooɓe caggal leydi e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde e nder batuuji. E nder ngol njillu, o waɗii batuuji e politikaaji leydi Angalteer, o haaldii e Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam hakkeeji aadee to Geneve.[6] Nde Nabeel Rajab haɗaa yaltude Bahreyn, caɗeele heɓde jaayɗe yaajɗe e ko famɗi fof 500 tergal ardiiɓe luulndo nanngaa, al-Khawaja ƴetti darnde renndoyankoore mawnde e nder leydi Bahrein. E wiyde Joe Stork mo Human Rights Watch, BCHR wasiyiima yo o jokku caggal leydi tawa ina waawi nanngeede so o artii.[4]

E lewru abriil, al-Khawaja tawtoraama batu winndereyankeewu Amerik-lislaam,[7] ɗo o waawi haaldude e oon sahaa, gardiiɗo leydi ndii, hono Hillary Clinton, o haalana ɗum daartol nanngugol baaba makko e miñiraaɓe makko ɗiɗo. O ñaagii Clinton nde Amerik ƴettata darnde tiiɗnde ngam haɓaade tooñannge to Bahrein, o siftini kadi wonde laamu Bahrein huutoriima kaɓirɗe Amerik ngam haɗde seppooɓe ɓee, ko ɗum addani Amerik waɗde ɗum.[8] E lewru mee, o haali e Oslo Freedom Forum ko fayti e ko o dañi e fitinaaji laamu to Bahrein.[3][9] Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, o rokki seedantaagal e nder batu Amerik ko fayti e jojjanɗe aadee to Bahreyn.[10][11]

## Golle e internet
Ko adii fitinaaji Bahreyn, Al-Khawaja golloraaki e Twitter, o alaa ko ɓuri 30 almuudo. Haa e lewru suwee 2017, o jogii ko ɓuri 109 900 almuudo, o neldii ko ɓuri 51 000 tweet,[12] ko o rokki yeewtere e sahaa tigi-rigi e seppooji ceertuɗi ɗi jaayɗe keewɗe njiylotoo. Nde seppooɓe ɓee njippii e laabi ɗii, o jooɗii balɗe keewɗe e nder wuro wiyeteengo Pearl Roundabout to Manama, omo waɗa tweet.[6]

## Kunaaɗe e ƴattooje
Al-Khawaja ina wondi e caɗeele internet ummoraade e wallidiiɓe laamu nguu.[4] O tawtoraaki IFEX to leydi Liban e fuɗɗoode lewru juko caggal nde o heɓi kulhuli maayde.[13] Ɗoon e ɗoon, caggal konngol makko e nder Oslo Freedom Forum (stream live online) kampaañ Twitter fuɗɗii, ina tuuma wonde omo saakta kabaruuji fenaande, omo woni radikal, omo golloroo laamu Iraan. Mesaasuuji keewɗi tuumooji Al-Khawaja wonde ko « janfotooɗo » Bahreyn neldaama e konte imeel Oslo Freedom Forum. Ko ɓuri heewde e ƴaañgal tweeting, blogging e internet ummorii ko to U.S., nder diɗɗal kuutorɗe geɗe politik e nder jokkondiral Qorvis.[9] Kampaañ oo ina waɗi kadi heckling yuɓɓinaango.[9]

E wiyde FIDH, e fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2011, kampaañ ƴaañoowo mo anndaaka, fuɗɗiima feewde e Nabeel Rajab e Al-Khawaja "e ballal mawngal laamuuji Bahrein."[14]

Ñalnde 30 lewru bowte hitaande 2014, nde o yahrata ngam yiyde baaba makko to Manama, Al-Khawaja nanngaa, o tuumaa warde polis gooto. O woppitaa ko e kasoo, o yalti Bahrein ñalnde 2 oktoobar 2014, o woppi ñaawoore makko. E lewru desaambar, o ñaawaa hitaande wootere e kasoo.[15] Bahrein ina jokki e wiyde wonde nanngugol al-Khawaja ina selli.[16] Jooni noon, omo jogii yamiroore nanngugol, tee omo jogii ñaawirɗe nay jowitiiɗe e ñaawoore, heen gootal ko sariya terorisma, ina waawi kadi ñaaweede nguurndam mum fof walla warde.

## Njeenaaje
E lewru Noowammbar 2023, Al-Khawaja naati e doggol 100 rewɓe BBC.[17]

## Tuugnorgal

# *Nikolin Vestergaard (9 abriil 2012). "DOOƊƊO: Kampaañ Al-Khawajas ngam demokaraat en". DR. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 7 abriil 2016.*
# *"Ko fayti e amen". Golf ngam jojjanɗe aadee. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 30 mars 2016.*
# *Winndiyanke gollotooɓe (mee 2011). "Mariyam Al-Khawaja". Forum ndimaagu Oslo. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 26 sulyee 2011. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 17 sulyee 2011.*
# *Karen Ley (29 suwee 2011). "Atlantik: Egginaa e 24: Debbo tokooso ina haɓa e Bahreyn". Atlantik. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 13 sulyee 2011.*
# *Chulov, Martin (22 suwee 2011). "Daraniiɓe hakkeeji leydi Bahrein ngoppitaa haa abada". Winndannde e internet. Londres: Gardiiɗo. Ko 16-02-2012 ƴettaa.*
# *Korte C. Rads (28 sulyee 2011). "Sukaaɓe rewɓe Bahrain ina njokki e rewolison oo e daande toownde". eNews rewɓe. Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 7 lewru Yarkomaa 2012.*
# *"Tawtoraaɓe 2011", U.S. - Forum winndere lislaam, lewru abriil 2011 Arsiif 2011-06-26 to masiŋ Wayback. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 17 sulyee 2011.*
# *Maryam al-Khawaja ina haalda e jaagorgal ko feewti e cellal to leydi Amrik. Amerik: Youtube. 13 abriil 2011. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 2 mee 2012.*
# *Thor Halvorssen (19 mee 2011). "PR Mercenaries, Jaagorgal mum en Dictateur, e Taƴre Hakkeeji Aadee". HuffPost. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 17 sulyee 2011.*
# *"Teskorɗe POMED: “Hakkeeji aadee e nder Bahreyn”", nokku Bahreyn ngam hakkeeji aadee, 13 mee 2011. Heɓtinaa ko 17 sulyee 2011.*
# *"ANNDINO: HAKKEEJI NEƊƊI E BAHREIN", Tom Lantos Goomu jojjanɗe aadee, 13 mee 2011 Arsiif 14 sulyee 2011 to masiŋ Wayback. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 17 sulyee 2011.*
# *Maryam Alkhawaja (2 mee 2012). "MARYAMALKHAWAJA". Twitter. Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 2 lewru Mbooy 2012.*
# *"IFEX ina ɗaɓɓi e laamɓe Bahrein yo ngoppu nanngugol e torlaaji ɓe ngoni e mum en ngam hollirde koye mum en e jam tan". Wostondirde ndimaagu haalde hakkunde leyɗeele. 28 lewru juko 2011. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 14 abriil 2012.*
# *"Kampaañ fenaande dow Mr Nabeel Rajab e Mrs Maryam Al Khawaja - BHR 008 / 0611 / OBS 097". FIDH. 30 lewru juko 2011. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 14 abriil 2012.*
# *"Bahreyn". Ndimaagu jaayndeeji. Suudu ndimaagu. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 30 mars 2016.*
# *Siigel, Robeer (22 mars 2016). "Daraniiɓe Bahrain ina ɗaɓɓi e Amerik nde waɗata hakkille mum e ƴaañde hakkeeji leydi ndii". Geɗe ɗee fof ƴeewtaama. NPR. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 30 mars 2016.*
# *"BBC 100 debbo 2023: Hol mo woni e doggol ngol hitaande ndee?". Kabaaru BBC. Ñalnde 23 noowammbar 2023. Ƴeewtaa ko 24-11-2023.*