Josephine Turpin Washington

**Josephine Turpin Wasinton** (31 sulyee 1861 – 17 mars 1949) ko binndoowo e jannginoowo Afriknaajo-Ameriknaajo. Jannginoowo ɓooyɗo, keewɗo wallitde, Washington ina sosa binndanɗe e nder jaayɗe e jaayɗe, ko ɓuri heewde ko jowitiiɗe e won e fannuuji njiyaagu e nder Amerik. Washington ko taaniiko debbo biyeteeɗo Mary Jefferson Turpin, neene baaba mum.

## Caalaje
Josephine Turpin jibinaa ko to diiwaan Goochland, to Virginie ñalnde 31 sulyee 1861, ɓiy Augustus A. Turpin e Maria V. Crump. Baaba makko ko ɓiy gonnooɗo maccuɗo Afriknaajo biyeteeɗo Mary e gonnooɗo maccuɗo makko biyeteeɗo Edwin Durock Turpin (1783-1868). E nder deftere makko wiyeteende 1995, ko huunde nde meeɗaa haaleede : ko haala Odette Harper Hines (winndi ɗum e Judith Rollins), Hines hollitii wonde Turpin yiɗii Mary ko juuti caggal nde o ari Baton Rouge, Louisiana e nder laana jiyaaɓe, o wonti jeyi makko . Won ɗo o ƴetti feere nde meeɗaa yiyeede e ñalawma oo, o resi mo. E wiyde Hines, mawniiko gorko ina toppitii mbele sukaaɓe maɓɓe ina keɓa jaŋde, kadi ina woppi golle keewɗe ngam newnude jiyaaɓe mum janngude jaŋde, binndol e hiisa.[1][2]

## Nguurndam adanɗam
Turpin adii janngude ko e galle, caggal ɗuum ko e duɗe laamu ina gasa tawa ko to Goochland, Virginia. Caggal nde ɓesngu makko ummii to Richmond, Virginia o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Richmond, caggal ɗuum anndiraa duɗal diine Richmond. O jeyaa ko e janngooɓe jaŋde toownde e hitaande 1886 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard ɗo e nder dumunna dabbunde o woniino binnditagol Frederick Douglass, e oon sahaa binndoowo golle to diiwaan Columbia. Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko o jannginii hiisa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard haa nde o resi e hitaande 1888 e Doktoor Samuel Somerville Hawkins Washington addi mo Birmingham, Alabama.[3]

## Jannginoowo
E nder golle makko Washington maa gollo e facultés duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Selma, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Tuskegee, ɗo gorko makko joginoo golle cafroowo duɗal, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Alabama State e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wilberforce. O woppi golle e hitaande 1934 caggal duuɓi capanɗe ɗiɗi ko o deenoowo rewɓe to Wilberforce.[4]

## Winndiyanke
Yusefiin Turpiin Wasinton

Defterdu jamaa New York

Winndannde Washington adannde jaɓaande ngam yaltineede, "Haala ko fayti e ñalɗi Eklesiya", yalti ko e jaaynde Virginia Star nde o woni e duuɓi makko 18. E nder pecce ɗe o naamndii yeeyde diine e nder kewuuji mooftugol kaalis eklesiya. Washington winndi binndanɗe ko wayi no "Jaŋde toownde wonande rewɓe", ɗe peeñi e nder deftere « Advocate » , e binndanɗe Rewɓe ceertuɓe (1893) ɗe Lawson A. Scruggs winndi e Jaambaarooji galleeji e rewɓe ceertuɓe woɗɓe (1926) ɗe Hallie Quinn Brown winndi. [5] O yeewtidi e geɗe jowitiiɗe e Afriknaaɓe-Ameriknaaɓe, ko wayi no golle e fartaŋŋeeji jaŋde, nehdi sukaaɓe, e caɗeele kulɓiniiɗe jokkondiral hakkunde rewɓe e worɓe. Washington ina daranii « debbo jahruɗo yeeso » jiɗɗo golle mum to bannge faggudu e nguurndam nder galle. Ko o hooreejo Yiilirde Ngenndiire Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe Alabama, Washington winndi jimɗi Fedde maɓɓe, Yumma Alabama. O neldi binndanɗe keewɗe dow nguurndam makko ngam winndude e nder defte bayɗe no Christian Recorder, New York Freeman, A. M. E. Review, Magazine American Colored, e New York Globe.

Binndol e hitaande 1904 ngam jaaynde Colored American Magazine e batu jeegom hitaande kala Fedde Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ngam Rewɓe Kolonel, yuɓɓinaangu to Mobile, Alabama, Washington, habriino tan ko fayti e delegaasiyoŋ oo, ko fayti e rewɓe ɓaleeɓe, e tolnooji nehdi, e sosde a youth reformatory kono kadi e batte jaajɗe ceertuɗe e njiyaagu e nder wuro ngoo e hoore mum. E nder yitere ngam ƴellitde diisnondiral e denndaangal tolnooji renndo, Washington teskiima, e yeru, nokkuuji pijirlooji baɗaaɗi ngam huutoraade sukaaɓe ɓaleeɓe tan, tawi sukaaɓe ɓaleeɓe « ina ƴeewa e yiɗde, kono cuusaani meemde mbaydi ceniindi ndii ».

— Goongaaji e nokku taariindi fiilde[7]

Ɗee binndanɗe e binndanɗe goɗɗe ina moofti e nder deftere Rita Dandridge wiyeteende « Binndanɗe mooftaaɗe e binndanɗe Josephine J. Turpin Washington: mbayliigu ɓaleejo e nder fuɗnaange caggal mahngo (Jaaynde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Virginia, 2019).

Wade

Washington maayi ko ina yahra e duuɓi 87 to galle ɓiyiiko debbo to Cleveland, Ohio.[4]

Ɗaaɗi

Pen. Jaayndeeji Afro-Amerik e winndooɓe mum, 1891, pp.393-396 Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 4 Duujal 2013

Hines e Rollins Ko ɗum fof meeɗaa haaleede: Haala Odette Harper Hines", 1995, pp. 20-21, xviii

Harlan e Smock. 1904-6, 1979, p. 251 Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 4 Duujal 2013

Ko debbo biyeteeɗo S. S. H. Wasinton. Jaaynde New York, ñalnde 19 marse 1949, p. 15

Skruggs, Lawson Andere. Rewɓe Ceertuɓe : Teskiniiɗo e golle, ɓe foolaaka e jikkuuji. Dowlaaji Dentuɗi: L.A. Scruggs, hitaande 1893.

Defterdu Kongres Biro hakkeeji copyright. Catal naatgol hakkeeji. Sereeji kesi: 1926, feccere 1., 1927, p. 1194 Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 5 noowammbar 2013

Washington, Josephine - Goongaaji e dow taariindi fiilngo, keɓtinaama ñalnde 5 lewru Duujal hitaande 2013