David Ferrier

**Sir David Ferrier FRS (13 lewru bowte 1843 – 19 lewru marse 1928)** ko ganndo ko faati e ƴiiƴam e hakkillaaji Ecoppinaajo. Ferrier waɗii jarribooji e ngaandiiji daabaaji ko wayi no ɓowɗi, e hitaande 1881 o wonti ganndo gadano ñaawaaɗo e les sariya Cruelty to Animals, 1876 mo ɓe mbaɗi caggal jeewte mawɗe hakkunde yimɓe ko faati e vivisection.[1]

Ngendam

Ndee feccere siftoraani hay lowre wootere. Tiiɗno wallu moƴƴinde ndee feccere e ɓeydude citations e iwdiiji koolniiɗi. Kaɓirɗe ɗe ngalaa iwdi ina mbaawi luulndeede e ittude.
Yiytu iwdiiji: "David Ferrier" – kabaruuji · jaayɗe · defte · ganndo · JSTOR (janvier 2023) (Janngu no e ndeer nde ittata ndee mesaas)
Ferrier jibinaa ko to Woodside, to Aberdeen, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Aberdeen hade makko janngude MA to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Aberdeen (o heɓi bak makko e hitaande 1863). Ko o jannginoowo safaara, o fuɗɗii golloraade ko balloowo ganndal to filosof mawɗo, ganndo ko faati e hakkille, biyeteeɗo Alexander Bain (1818–1903), gooto e sosɓe ganndal hakkille dental.

Hedde hitaande 1860, ganndal hakkillaaji ina heɓa darnde ganndal mum ko ɓuri heewde ko e leydi Almaañ, e wiɗtooji tiiɗɗi ɗi Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894), jannguɗo fisik, e Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920). Ɓe ɓuri tiiɗnaade golle maɓɓe ko e fannu psychophysique sensoriel. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe ngollodinoo ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Heidelberg. E hitaande 1864, Bain addani Ferrier waɗde heen sahaaji e nder laboratuwaaruuji maɓɓe.

Nde o arti Ecoppi, Ferrier heɓi seedantaagal safaara e hitaande 1868 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh. Duuɓi seeɗa caggal ɗuum, e hitaande 1870, o ummii o naati Londres, o fuɗɗii golle e nder safrirde King’s College e nder safrirde ngenndiire ngam ñawndude ñawu nguu e epilepsi, to Queen Square. Ko sakkitii koo – hannde ko opitaal ngenndiwal ngam neurologie e neurochirurgie – woni opitaal gadano e nder Angalteer ngam safrude ñawuuji neurologie, ina jogii suudu David Ferrier inniraaɗo e siftorde makko.

E oon sahaa, ganndo mawɗo biyeteeɗo John Hughlings Jackson (1835-1911) ina gollinoo e opitaal gooto e Ferrier. Jackson ina laaɓtina miijooji mum e golle sensorimotor e nder ɓalndu, ummoriiɗe e humpito safaara. Jackson hollitii wonde ina woodi mbaydi anatomi e fisiyoloji ngam yuɓɓinde golle ngaandi, ko ɗum yuɓɓinaa e nder njuɓɓudi.

E ballal Jackson wonti sehil mum e jannginoowo mum, Ferrier felliti waɗde eɓɓoore jarriborde. Nde yiɗnoo ko yaajtinde njeñtudi annduɓe ɗiɗo Almaañnaaɓe, hono Eduar Hitzig (1838-1907) e Gustaaf Fritsch (1837-1927).

E hitaande 1870, ɓe njaltiniino njeñtudi ko faati e stimulaasiyoŋ kuuraa nokkuyankeewo e nder ɓalndu pucci. Ferrier yiɗiino kadi ƴeewtaade miijo Jackson wonde epilepsi ina jogii iwdi kortikol, no ƴeewndorɗe makko to bannge safaara holliri nii.

Ko hawri heen koo, Ferrier heɓiino eɓɓaande ngam ardude e laboratuwaar jarriborɗo neurobiyoloji to opitaal Stanley Royd, opitaal hakkille to Yorkshire. Gardiiɗo opitaal oo ko doktoor hakkille biyeteeɗo James Crichton-Browne (1840-1938). Gollaade e nder ngonkaaji kaɓirɗe moƴƴi e jogaade daabaaji keewɗi ngam jarribaade (ko ɓuri heewde ko mborosaaji, mborosaaji e puɗi), Ferrier fuɗɗii jarribooji mum ko e hitaande 1873, ina ƴeewtoo mborosaaji jarriborɗi e ustude kuuraa e nder ɓalndu. Nde o arti Londres, fedde wiyeteende Royal Society (Royal Society) wallitii ngam ɓeydude jarribooji makko cemmbinɗi e ɓowɗi makaak, golle ɗe o waɗnoo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Brown to Lambeth. E darorɗe hitaande ndee, o hollitii njeñtudi makko adanndi ndii e batuuji nokkuuji ɗii e nder leydi ndii, o yaltinii kadi ciimtol e nder jaaynde wiyeteende West Riding Lunatic Asylum Medical Reports, nde alaa ko waawi heen wonde fof.

Ferrier dañiino hollirde, e mbaadi teskinndi, wonde ɓuuɓri faradic ɓuuɓndi e nder ɓalndu e nder daabaaji ɗiɗi ɗii fof ina hollita kartal laaɓtungal e keeringal wonande golle mooftugol. Ko ɗeen nokkuuje kadi, so ɗe njuumtaama, ngaddata ko majjude golle ɗe stimulation ƴetti. Ferrier waawii kadi hollirde wonde ustude tiiɗnaare mawnde e nokkuuji kortikol mooftugol ina addana dille keewɗe e nder wuddu, yeeso e terɗe ɗe ina cemmbina no feewi ɓuuɓri epilepsi ndi annduɓe neurobiyoloji njiyrata e nder aadee e daabaaji, tawi ina gasa tawa ko sabu sarde... focus stimulation, firo ngo ina yahdi no feewi e miijo Jackson.

Kartal kortikol puccu ngu Ferrier heɓi e huutoraade stimulaasiyoŋ kuuraa ngaandi
Ɗeeɗoo wiɗtooji – e wiɗtooji goɗɗi e nder dingiral gootal – ngaddi Ferrier innde e nder winndere ndee, tee ina hollita nokku makko duumotooɗo e nder annduɓe neurobiyoloji ɓurɓe mawnude e jarribooji.

E lewru suwee 1876, o suɓaama Fedde fedde Royal Society nde o yahrata e duuɓi 33[2], o wonti Fedde fedde Royal Society e hitaande rewtunde ndee. Ko kanko kadi woni fisiyoloji gadano waɗde mbayliigu (so tawii ko ganndal) mbayliigu karte kortikol keɓtinaaɗe e ɓowɗi feewde e ngaandi neɗɗo. Ndeeɗoo eɓɓaande ɓooyaani ko addi batte kuuɓtodinɗe e nder neurologie e neurochirurgie.

Surge Ecoppi