May Ziadeh

**May Elias Ziadah** (/ziˈɑːdə/ zee-AH-də; Arab: مي إلياس tambah, ALA-LC: May Ilyas Ziyādah;[a] 11 feebariyee 1886[1][2] – 17 oktoobar 1941) ko maroninaajo palestiinnaajo-libannaajo yimoowo, winndiyanke, e firoore,[3][4] binnduɗo defte keewɗe ceertuɗe e ɗemngal aarabeere e ɗemngal farayse.[5]

Jibinaa ko to Naasaret, Palestiin, yumma mum ko Palestiinnaajo, baaba mum ko Libannaajo,[6][7][8] Ziadeh janngii e nder wuro mum e nder leydi Liban, hade mum eggude wondude e ɓesngu mum to Ejipt e hitaande 1908. O fuɗɗii yaltinde golle makko e ɗemngal Farayse (e innde binndol Isis Copia) e hitaande 1911, Kahlil Gibran naati e makko e binndol e hitaande 1912. Nde tawnoo ko o binndoowo keewɗo, o winndiino jaayɗe e jaayɗe ɗemngal aarabeeɓe, yantude e bayyinde jimɗi e defte. May Elias Ziadeh waɗii gooto e salonuuji binndol ɓurɗi lollude e nder winndere aarabeeɓe hannde ndee e hitaande 1921.[9] Caggal nde o dañi heen caɗeele keewɗe e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1930, o arti Liban ɗo banndiraaɓe makko mbaɗti mo e safrirde hakkille. Kono o dañii yaltude heen, o ummii o fayi Kayhayɗi, ɗo o maayi caggal ɗuum.[10]

Ziadeh jeyaa ko e yimɓe mawɓe Nahda e nder fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire e nder dingiral binndol Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo, kadi ko "pioneer feminism Fuɗnaange."[2][11][12]

## '''Nguurndam'''

### Nguurndam adanɗam e nguurndam neɗɗo
May Ziadeh ko ɓiy Elias Zakhur Ziadeh, maroniyanke Libannaajo jeyaaɗo e wuro Chahtoul e Nuzha Khalil Mu’mar, Kereceejo Palestiinnaajo mo ɓesngu mum ummorii ko Hauran, Siiri[6][7][13][14][15] hoɗii e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 19ɓiire[16][hello ina haani] O jibinaa ko to Nasaret, Palestiin Ottomaan.[17][9] Baaba makko wonnoo ko jannginoowo, kadi ko gardiiɗo jaaynde Al Mahrūsah.

May Elias Ziadeh janngii duɗal leslesal to Naasaret. Nde baaba makko ari e diiwaan Keserwan to tufnde Liban, o neldaa ko e duuɓi 14 to Aintoura ngam jokkude jaŋde makko hakkundeere to duɗal sukaaɓe rewɓe to Farayse.[2] Jaŋde makko to Aintoura hollitii mo binndol Farayse e Romantik, ngol o yiɗi no feewi.[18] O janngii e duɗe katolik en keewɗe to leydi Liban hade makko hootde Naasaret e hitaande 1904 ngam wondude e jibnaaɓe makko.[2] Ina wiyee o yaltinii binndanɗe makko gadane ko omo yahra e duuɓi 16. E hitaande 1908, kanko e ɓesngu makko ɓe ngummii to Misra.[2]

Ziadeh meeɗaa resde,[1] kono gila 1912, o jokki e binndol yaajngol e gooto e mawɓe binndol teeminannde noogasɓiire, jimoowo e winndiyanke Liban-Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Khalil Gibran. Hay so tawii ɓe meeɗaa hawrude, binnditagol ngol waɗii duuɓi 19 haa o sankii e hitaande 1931.[19][2]

#### Baaba May, ko Iliyaas Ziyade
Hakkunde 1928 e 1932, Ziadeh heɓiino caɗeele keewɗe, fuɗɗoraade e maayde jibnaaɓe mum, e won e sehilaaɓe mum, haa teeŋti noon e Khalil Gibran. O yani e depression mawɗo, o arti Liban ɗo banndiraaɓe makko mbaɗti mo e opitaal hakkille ngam heɓde doole e dow jawdi makko.[1] Nawal El Saadawi ina tuuma wonde Ziadeh neldaama to suudu safrirdu ngam hollirde miijooji mum e dow rewɓe.[12] Ziadeh ina hersinii no feewi, ina mettini heen no feewi e ngalɗoo kuulal; o selli, o yalti caggal nde ciimtol safrooɓe holliti wonde omo wondi e cellal hakkille. O arti Kayhayɗi ɗo o maayi ñalnde 17 oktoobar 1941.[2][20]

##### Jaayndeyaagal e jaŋde ɗemɗe
Baaba mum Ziadeh sosi jaaynde Al Mahrousah nde ɓesngu ngu woni to Ejipt. O wallitii e binndanɗe keewɗe.[2] O yaltinii kadi binndanɗe e nder Al Hilal, Al Ahram e Al Muqtataf.[21]

Ziadeh ɓuri yiɗde ko janngude ɗemɗe. O janngii e nder galle makko e sara jaŋde makko Farayse-Katolik, caggal ɗuum o janngii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde nokku oo ngam heɓde dipolomaaji ɗemɗe jamaanu nde o woni to Ejipt. O heɓi bak makko e hitaande 1917.[1] Ndeen noon, Ziadeh ina anndi ɗemɗe ɗiɗi, e ɗemngal Arab e Farayse, tee ina joginoo ganndal gollorngal e Engele, Itaali, Almaañ, Siri (ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi e diine Libannaajo Maronite), Españool, Latin, kam e Giriik hannde.[18] ]

###### Key binndol Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo
Ziadeh ina anndaa no feewi e nder dingiral binndol Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo, o jaɓɓiima winndooɓe e annduɓe heewɓe worɓe e rewɓe e nder salon binndol mo o sosi e hitaande 1912 (mo yimoowo Ejiptnaajo biyeteeɗo Gamila El Alaily etinooma yeru caggal maayde Ziadeh). Ina jeyaa e heewɓe yahde salon hee, Taha Huseyn, Khalil Moutraane, Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed, Anton Gemayel [ar; arz; fa], Waliddiin Yakan, Abbas el-Akkad e Yaqub Sarruf.[2] Ziadeh ina jeyaa e ko addani yimɓe Misra anndude golle Khalil Gibran.[22]

## '''Yiyngooji filosof'''

### Feminism e Fuɗnaange
May Ziadeh ɓuri wonde ‘debbo binndol’, ɓuri wonde ko mbayliigu renndo. Kono kadi omo jeyaa e dillere ndimaagu rewɓe.[23] Ziadeh ina wondi e sunaare mawnde e ndimaagu debbo Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo ; gollal potngal waɗeede ko adii fof ko e haɓaade majjere, caggal ɗuum aadaaji anachronism. O miijii ko rewɓe ngoni geɗe teskinɗe e nder kala renndo aadee, o winndi wonde debbo maccuɗo waawaa ñamminde sukaaɓe mum e kosam mum tawa kosam ɗam ina uurna no feewi maccungaagu.[2]

O hollitii wonde ƴellitaare debbo feewde e potal alaa e sago waɗee e dow ballal rewɓe, kono ko huunde nde fotaani waɗeede.[2] E hitaande 1921, o noddi batu e tiitoonde "Le but de la vie" ("Fayndaare nguurndam"), ɗo o noddi rewɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo ngam yiɗde ndimaagu, e udditanaade Hirnaange tawa yejjittaa Fuɗnaange maɓɓe anndinde.[11] Hay so tawii o maayii e hitaande 1941, binndanɗe makko ina njokki haa jooni e miijooji mbayliigu adanngu feminism Liban. Ziadeh ina goongɗini rimɗinde rewɓe e mbaydi adanndi ndii ina tiiɗtini waɗde ɗum tan e jaŋde, heɓde hakkeeji woote, e joofnirde jogaade wakilaagu e nder laamu.[24]

#### Romantism
E jogaade mbaydi njimri gila e cukaagu mum, Ziadeh ina jokki e ƴellitde Lamartine, Byron, Shelley, e Gibran. Ɗee batte ina ceerti e ko ɓuri heewde e golle makko. O heewi miijaade ko nostalji makko e Liban e miijo makko ɓuuɓngo, ɓuuɓngo, ɓuuɓngo ina feeñi no feewi no sirlu makko, mettuɗo e tampere makko nii.[2]

## Golle
Deftere Ziadeh adannde yaltinnde wiyeteende Fleurs de rêve (1911), ko deftere yimre, winndaande e ɗemngal Farayse, huutortoo innde binndol wiyeteende Isis Copia. O winndii no feewi e ɗemngal Farayse, sahaa e sahaa fof e ɗemngal Engele walla Itaali, kono nde o mawni ndee, o ɓeydii heɓde daande makko binndol e ɗemngal Arab. O yaltinii defte teskinɗe e nguurndam, defte jimɗi e binndanɗe, e defte binndaaɗe. O firti winndooɓe Oropnaaɓe heewɓe e ɗemngal Arab, ina jeyaa heen Arthur Conan Doyle e ɗemngal Engele, Brada (kontesa Itaalinaajo biyeteeɗo Henriette Consuelo di Puliga) e ɗemngal Farayse, e Max Müller e ɗemngal Almaañ. O jaɓɓiima salon binndol ɓurɗo lollude e nder kitaale capanɗe jeegom e capanɗe tati to Kayhayɗi.[25]

Tiitooɗe teskaaɗe e golle makko e ɗemngal Arab (e firo Engele e nder jokkorgal) ina jeyaa heen :

- Bâhithat el-Bâdiya باحثة البادية ("Yiyloowo e nder jeereende", innde binndol Malak Hifni Nasif)

- Sawâneh fatât سوانح فتاة (Taƴe ɓuuɓɗe)

- Zulumât wa Ichâ'ât ظلمات وإشاعات (Hursa e jeewte...)

- Kalimât wa Ichârât كلمات وإشارات (Konnguɗi e maandeeji)

- Al Saha'ef الصحائف (Jaayndeeji)

- Ghayat Al-Hayât غاية الحياة (Maanaa Nguurndam)

- Al-Musâwât المساواة (Potal)

- Bayna l-Jazri wa l-Madd hakkunde الجزر والمد (Hakkunde Ebb e Flow)

### Golle rewɓe
Ziadeh ina hiisee e heewɓe wonde ko o jeyaaɗo e dille rewɓe nde tawnoo o yaltinii defte keewɗe ko fayti e nguurndam rewɓe hakkunde 1919-1925, ɗum jeyaa ko e darnde makko ngam semmbinde rewɓe, yeruuji rewɓe njiylotooɗi e golle makko ina jeyaa heen feministe Misra biyeteeɗo Malak Hifni Nassef e nder deftere makko Bahitaa-ul-badiya.[26][6] O anndiraama wonde debbo gadano huutortooɗo helmere "cause rewɓe" e nder Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo e wiyde Hossam Aql, "ko kanko woni binndoowo gadano ƴettuɗo peeje teskinɗe e daartol walla defte rewɓe".[9][27]. ] Fiction makko ina heewi wonde jikkuuji rewɓe tiiɗɗi, ina yeewta kadi ngonka rewɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo, yeru e nder gooto e daartol makko, o hollitii bonanndeeji keewɗi ceergal e dewgal goɗngal ngal o aybina worɓe e renndo baabiraaɓe.[6][27]

## '''Njeenaaje'''
E hitaande 1999, May Ziadeh inniri ɗum ko jaagorde pinal leydi Liban, hono neɗɗo mo hitaande kala waɗata ngam mawninde "Beirut, laamorgo pinal winndere aarabeeɓe".[2]

## '''Njawdi'''
Doodle Google ñalnde 11 feebariyee 2012 siftinii hitaande 126ɓiire jibinannde Ziadeh.[28]

## '''Ƴeew kadi'''
Salonuuji e renndooji binndol rewɓe e nder winndere aarabeeɓe

## '''Teskorɗe'''
^ Kadi winndaa heen ko Ziyaade, Ziyaada, Ziyaada, Ziyaade.

## '''Tuugnorgal'''
^ Juppude haa: a b c d Khader, Lubna (21 oktoobar 1999). "Nguurndam debbo ko adii: May Ziade". Fedde rewɓe Liban. Moƴƴinaama gila e fuɗɗoode ñalnde 18 abriil 2007.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m "May Ziade: Temoin authentique de son epoque" [May Ziade: Seede goonga e jamaanu mum] (e Farayse). Naalankaagal et pinal. Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 19 lewru Mbooy 2007.

^ Ovo, Podjeli (30 oktoobar 2014). "Siftorde May Ziadeh: Ko adii (mo) wakkati". fuɗnaange hakkundeejo ƴeewtaama. Moƴƴinaama gila e asli mum ñalnde 31 oktoobar 2014.

^ بثينة، شعبان (1999). مئة عام من الرواية النسائية العربية (1899-1999) [duuɓi 100 deftere aarabeeɓe-rewɓe (1899-1999)]. دار الأدب للنشر والتوزيع. p. 52.

^ Ouyang 2008, h. 188.

^ Juppude haa: a b c d Ghorayeb, Rose (1979). "Mee Ziaade (hitaande 1886-1941)". Maandeeji: Jaaynde rewɓe e nder pinal e renndo. 5 (2): 375-382. waɗde:10.1086/493725. ISSN 0097-9740. S2CID 145644529.

^ Jump up to: a b جدلية, Jadaliyya (8 suwee 2014). "May Ziada: Natal ummoraade e defte". Jadaliyya - جدلية. Ko Hakeem, Mazen firti ɗum. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 29 lewru Yarkomaa 2024.

↑ Al-Hujari, Muhmadu (lewru juko 2018). "مي زيادة .. ملكة دولة الألهام..حايتها راوحت بين الهويات". الفيصل. 499-500 (1): 124.

^ Juppu haa: a b c "May Ziade: Yimoowo aarabeeɓe e pioneer rewɓe". Nder leydi Aarabeeɓe. 15 feebariyee 2020. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 9 ut 2020.

^ Gunaim, Raneem (3 lewru juko hitaande 2020). "Taariindi makko teskinndi winndiyanke ummoriiɗo Naasaret- May Ziada". Amerik aarabeeɓe. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 29 lewru Yarkomaa 2024.

^ Juppude haa: a b Boustani 2003, p. 203.

^ Juppude haa: a b Piterson e Lewis 2001, p. 220.

^ "مي زيادة في احتفالات "بيروت ١٩٩٩ ماصمة ثقافية للعالم العربي"" [May Ziadeh e mawningol “Laamorde pinal winndere aarabeeɓe Beyruut 1999”]. الفيصل [Jaaynde Al-Feysal] (e ɗemngal Arab) (279). al-Riyāḍ, SA: المملكة العربية السعودية، دار الفيصل الثقافية، [Laamu Arabi Sawdit, galle pinal Al-Faisal]. ISSN 0258-1140. OCLC 607786901.

^ AYYILDIZ, Esat (20 juin 2023). Rewɓe aarabeeɓe e nder tinndi: ƴeewtaade miijooji jinnaaɓe e nder binndol aarabeeɓe hannde. Livre de Liyon. .

^ Ashour e woɗɓe. 2008, hello les.

^ غازي، خالد محمد (2015). مي زيادة سيرة حياتها وأدبها وأوراق لم تنشر [Yoo Ziadeh , Nguurndam mum , Golle mum , e binndanɗe kuutoraaka njaltinaa]. دار الكتب المصرية. p. 11.

^ Bushrui, Suheil Badi (Winter 1972). "Maa Ziyaade". Kulliiya: 16-19. ISSN 0454-5788. OCLC 502559963 – rewrude e lowre ndee.

^ Jump up to: a b "Tesko dow yimre May Ziade" [Tesko dow yimre May Ziade]. BIBLIB (e Farayse). 21 mars 2001. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2007.

^ Gibraan hitaande 1983.

^ Khaldi 2008, p. 103.

^ Hala kamal (2018). "Binndol rewɓe e dow binndol rewɓe": Taariikaaji binndol Mayy Ziyada ko daartol rewɓe Ejipt". Binndol rewɓe. 25 (2): 269.

^ Gibraan 2006, h. 22.

^ Zaydan 1995, h. 75.

^ Stefan, Rita (7 noowammbar 2014). "Waves nay Feminism Liban". E-Jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 29 lewru Yarkomaa 2024.

↑ 1999, h. 103.

^ Haddad, Bayan (2016), "Siadeh, mee (1886–1941)", Enscyclopedia Routledge mo Modernism, Londres: Routledge, doi:10.4324/9811313500356-rem1640-1, ISBN 981350056 22

^ Jump to: a b "May Ziade: Nguurndam winndiyanke debbo aarabeeɓe". Al Jaziira. 21 mars 2018. Ƴeewtaa ko 29 lewru Yarkomaa 2024. Ƴeewto Janngu ko ɓuri heewde ngam winndannde e wideyoo ɗiɗaɓo.

^ "Doodle ñalngu nguu Ziade 126ɓiire". Doole Google. 11 lewru feebariyee 2012. Ƴeewtaa ko 29 lewru mbooy 2024.

Iwdiiji

windugo

Asur, Radwa; Gazoul, Feriyaal J.; Reda-Mekdaasi, Hasna; Maakluur, Manndi (2008). Winndooɓe rewɓe aarabeeɓe ko deftere teskinnde, 1873-1999. Kayhayɗi; New York: Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Amerik to Kayhayɗi. . JSTOR j.ctt15m7j94. OCLC 10018815770.

Boostani, Karmen (2003). Effets du féminin: mbayliigaaji daartol farayse. Koolol ɓataakeeji du Sud. Pari: Eɓɓooje Karthala. . OCLC 53297358.

Gibraan, Khalil (2006) [1987]. Iisaa, ko kanko woni gorko. Deva. .

Gibraan, Kahlil (1983). Lewlewndu: Ɓataakeeji giɗli Kahlil Gibran feewde e May Ziadah. Firo mum ko Bushrui, Suheil B.; Kuzbari, Salma al-Hafar. New York: Longman. . OCLC 713801519.

Khaldi, Buteena (2008). Rewɓe aarabeeɓe yahooɓe e renndo: Mayy Ziyadah e salon mum binndol e nder ngonka nannditiika (Tesis). Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Indiana. . OCLC 320954792.

Ouyang, Wen-chin (2008). "Kartal debbo aarabeeɓe: Sifaa, sifaa e politik anndinde e nder nguurndam Malak Hifni Nasif". To Ostle, Robin (moƴƴinoowo). Sensibiliteeji Mediteraane lislaam: hollirde hoore mum e nder pinal juulɓe gila e jamaanu caggal-klasik haa hannde. Londres, New York, Strasbourg, Farayse: I.B. Tawuris ; Fedde ganndal Orop ; To leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik e Kanadaa renndini ko Palgrave Macmillan. . OCLC 156831780.

Piyeerson, Janis; Luwis, Margaret (2001) [1999]. Sehil Elgar to faggudu rewɓe. Northampton: Jaaynde Edward Elgar. ISBN

## '''Janngugol jokkungol'''

### Jokkondire yaajɗe
Wikiquote ina jogii ciimtol jowitiingol e May Ziadeh.

May Ziade: Nguurndam winndiyanke debbo aarabeeɓe | Al jazeera winndere e dow Youtube