Monngoliya

**Monngoliya** ko leydi ndi alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa maayo, to Aasiya fuɗnaange, ndi keeri mum ko Riisi to bannge worgo, Siin to bannge worgo e fuɗnaange-rewo. Jaaynde mayre ko kiloomitaji 1,564,116 km2 (603,909 sq mi), e yimɓe mum ko miliyoŋaaji 3.5 ɗum noon ko leydi ɓurndi famɗude yimɓe e winndere ndee. Monngoliya ko leydi ɓurndi mawnude e winndere nde, ndi alaa keeri e geec nder leydi, ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji mum ko steppe huɗo, koɗli to bannge worgo e hirnaange, e jeereende Gobi to bannge worgo. Ulaanbaatar, laamorgo leydi ndii e wuro ɓurngo mawnude, ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe leydi ndii ngoni.

Leydi Monngoliya hannde ndii laamiima laamlaamuuji keewɗi, ko wayi no Xiongnu, Xianbei, Rouran, Kaganat Turkiya gadano, Khaganat Turkiya ɗiɗaɓo, Khaganat Uyghur e woɗɓe. E hitaande dubi 1206, Gengis Khan sosi laamu Mongol, ngu wonti laamu leydi ɓurngu mawnude e nder daartol. Taaniiko biyeteeɗo Kublai Khan heɓti Siin no haanirta nii, sosi laamu Yuan. Caggal nde Yuan yani, Mongol en ngarti e leydi Monngoliya , ɓe puɗɗii haɓde e fedde maɓɓe adannde, so wonaa e jamaanu Dayan Khan e Tumen Zasagt Khan.

E teeminannde 16th, diine Budisma Tibet yaaji haa Monngoliya , ɓeydi ardaade ɗum ko laamu Qing sosngu Manchu, ngu ƴetti leydi ndii e teeminannde 17th. E fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20th, fotde tataɓal worɓe mawɓe ko rewɓe Buddhist en. Caggal nde laamu Qing yani e hitaande dubi alif 1911, Monngoliya hollitii jeytaare mum, heɓi jeytaare mum tigi-rigi e Republique Siin e hitaande dubi alif 1921. Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, leydi ndii wonti dowla satelit Dental Sowiyet. E hitaande 1924, leydi Mongol sosaa ko e dowla sosiyaalist. Caggal njilluuji luulndiiɗi kominist en e hitaande 1989, Monngoliya waɗi njilluuji mum demokaraasi jamyankooji e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1990. Ɗum addani ɗum waɗde doosgal lanndaaji keewɗi, doosgal kesal e hitaande 1992, e waylude faggudu luumo.

Ko ina tolnoo e 30% e yimɓe leydi ndii ko hoɗɓe walla semi-hoɗɓe ; pinal puccu ina heddii e mbaydi teskinndi. Buddhist woni diine ɓurɗo heewde (51,7%), tawi ko ɓe ngonaa diineeji ngoni fedde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude (40,6%). Lislaam woni tataɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e diineeji (3,2%), tawi ɓuri heewde ko e leƴƴi Kazakh en. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii ko leƴƴi Mongol en, ko ina tolnoo e 5% e yimɓe leydi ndii ko Kazakh en, Tuvan en, e leƴƴi goɗɗi tokoosi, tawi ɓuri heewde ko e diiwanuuji hirnaange ɗii. Monngoliya ko tergal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Kaaldigal Gollondiral Aasi, G77, Banke Asiyankeewo ngam Ngalu Infrastructures, Mouvement Non-Aligned e gollodiiɗo winndereejo OTAN. Monngoliya naati e Fedde Adunaare Filu e hitaande 1997, ina yiɗi ɓeydude naatgol mum e pelle faggudu e njulaagu diiwaan oo.

## Limre yimɓe

Yimɓe leydi Monngoliya  e hitaande 2024 ko kiilometaji 3544 835 neɗɗo, e wiyde biro ngenndiijo limto leydi Monngoliya . Ndee limoore ina hawra e keewal ɓiɓɓe leydi Mongol heewɓe hoɗde e leydi Mongol (ko ɓuri balɗe 183 walla lebbi jeegom), kam e ɓiɓɓe leydi Mongol hoɗɓe caggal leydi. 51% e yimɓe leydi ndii ko rewɓe e 49% ko worɓe, tawi 71,2% ko hoɗɓe e gure, tawi 21,8% ko hoɗɓe e gure teeru. Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Monngoliya  ina fotnoo wonde 1,2% e hitaande 2007.

Binnditagol gadanol ngol e teeminannde 20th waɗi ko e hitaande 1918, ngol waɗii 647 500 neɗɗo. Gila sosiyaalisma joofi, leydi Monngoliya i ina heɓi ustaare keewal jibinannde (ɓiɓɓe e debbo gooto) ko ɓuri heewde e leyɗeele aduna ɗee kala, e fawaade e ciimtol ONU cakkitiingol ngol : e hitaande 1970–1975, jibinannde ndee ina hiisa ko 7,33 sukaaɓe e debbo gooto, ustii fotde 1–20.000. Ustaare ndee joofi ko e hitaande 2005–2010, nafoore jibinannde ndee ɓeydii haa 2,8 e hitaande 2013, nde dartii caggal ɗuum e tolno fotde 2,5-2,6 sukaaɓe e debbo gooto hedde hitaande 2020.

Mongol en ko gootum no feewi; leñol Mongol en ina waɗi fotde 95% e yimɓe leydi ndii, ina mbaɗi Khalkha e pelle goɗɗe, kam en fof e seertude ko ɓuri heewde e ɗemɗe ɗemngal Mongol en. Khalkha en ina mbaɗi 86% e leñol Mongol en. Heddii 14% ina heen Oirat en, Buryat en e woɗɓe. Leƴƴi Turkiya en (Kazakh en e Tuvan en) ina mbaɗi 4,5% e yimɓe leydi Monngoliya , heddiiɓe ɓee ko leƴƴi Riisi, Siin, Koree e Amerik.

### Ɗemɗe

Ɗemngal Mongol e ɗemngal ngenndiwal ko Mongol. Tergal e galle ɗemɗe Mongol, ɗemngal gonngal e mbaydi kuuɓtodinndi ko Khalkha Mongol. Ina wondi e mbaydiiji goɗɗi ceertuɗi, ɓurɗi heewde faamde ko wayi no Oirat, Buryat, e Khamnigan. Ɗemɗe keewɗe ina mbayloo ngam ɓeydaade nanndude e ɗemngal Khalkha hakkundeewal e ɗii duuɓi cakkitiiɗi. Ko ɓuri heewde e haalooɓe ɗeen ɗemɗe ngoni ko e bannge hirnaange leydi ndii, woni Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, e Khovd. Kazakh, ɗemngal Turki, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal heewde e Bayan-Ölgii, Tuvan ko ɗemngal Turkiya goɗngal kaaleteengal e Khövsgöl. Ɗemngal maandeeji Mongol ko ɗemngal ɓurngal mawnude e nder renndo muumɓe.

Hannde, ɗemngal Mongol ɓuri winndeede ko e alkule Sirilik, naatɗe e kitaale 1940. Gila e njiimaandi 1990 won ummital tokosal e binndol taariindi Mongol, ngol woni haa hannde binndol laawɗungol ngol Mongol en kuutortoo e nder leydi Monngoliya  nder leydi hoɗdiiɓe. Hay so tawii binndol mongol ngol ko binndol ngenndiwol, ina janngee gila e tolno jeegom haa e nder duɗe, ngol heddii ko ɓuri heewde e kuutoragol kewu e nder nguurndam ñalnde kala. E hitaande 2025, Monngoliya  fuɗɗii huutoraade binndi Sirilik e binndi aadaaji Monngoliya  ngam waɗde kaayitaaji sariya e binndi laamu.

Gila hitaande 1990, ɗemngal Inngilankore yaawi lomtaade ɗemngal Riisi, ko ngal ɗemngal jananal ɓurngal lollude e nder leydi Monngoliya. E jamaanu kominist en, ɗemngal Riisi ko ɗemngal teskinngal wonande yah-ngartaa e jokkondiral karallaagal, tawi ina waɗi almudɓe heewɓe janngooɓe e nder Dental Sowiyet kam e heewɓe e karallaagal Sowiyet e soldateeɓe wonɓe e nder leydi Monngoliya. Gila ndeen, jaŋde Monngoliya i wayliima no feewi, woɗɗitii Dental Sowiyet feewde Hirnaange, Inngilankore wonti ɗemngal jananal ɓurngal waawde huutoreede, tawi ina wallita ɗum e jaayɗe rimɗinɗe, e ballal winnderewal, e ƴellitaare jaŋde keeriinde e jaŋde, kam e politik laamu laawɗuɗo. E hitaande jaŋde 2014–2015, 59% e almudɓe fof njanngii Inngilankore e nder duɗe hakkundeeje laamu. E hitaande 2023, Inngilankore bayyinaama wonde "ɗemngal jananal gadanal", kadi ina janngee gila e tolno tataɓo.

Haa e hitaande jaŋde 2014–2015, ɗemngal jananal ɓurngal lollude e nder jaŋdeeji ɗemɗe keertiiɗe ko (yamiroore ɓurnde lollude), Inngilankore, Sinuwaa, Riisi, Japon, e Koree. Koree haa teeŋti noon dañii darnde sabu ujunnaaje ujunnaaje Mongol en ina ngolloo e Koree worgo, ko kamɓe ngoni fedde ɓurnde mawnude e Mongol en caggal leydi.

### Dina
E wiyde binndital ngenndiwal 2020, e nder Mongol en yahrooɓe e duuɓi 15 e ko ɓuri ɗum, 59,4% ko Buddhist en, 40,6% ko ɓe ngonaa diineeji.

Shamanism mongol ina yaaji e nder daartol ko hannde woni Monngoliya , ko nanndi e ɗuum ina heewi e yimɓe hoɗɓe e Aasiya hakkundeejo. Ɓe ndokki laawol seeɗa-seeɗa e diine Budisma Tibet, kono diine shamanism acciino maande e pinal diine Mongol, ina jokki e huutoreede. Kazakh en wonɓe e hirnaange Monngoliya , won e Mongol en, e leƴƴi Turkiya en goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii ina njokki e Islaam e aadaaji mum en.

Ko ɓuri heewde e teeminannde 20th, laamu kominist en ina ndartini golle diine. Nde fawii ko e diineeji Eklesiya Budisma Mongol, jokkondirnooɗi no feewi e njuɓɓudi laamuuji fedde nde (yeru, gila 1911, hooreejo Eklesiya oo kadi ko Khan leydi ndii). E darorɗe kitaale 1930, laamu nguu, ngu Khorloogiin Choibalsan ardii e oon sahaa, udditi fotde 700 dewal Buddhist e nder leydi Monngoliya , wari ko famɗi fof 30 000 neɗɗo, heen 18 000 ko lamaaji. Limngal rewɓe Buddhist en ustii gila 100 000 e hitaande 1924 haa 110 e hitaande 1990.

Doggol kominist e hitaande 1991 artiri golle diine renndo. Budisma Tibet, mo wonnoo diine ɓurɗo heewde ko adii nde kominist en ummotoo, ummiima kadi, wonti diine ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder leydi Monngoliya . Lama ɓurɗo toowde e diine Buddha e nder leydi Monngoliya , ina woɗɗi gila Jebtsundamba 9ɓo sankii e hitaande 2012, e njiylawu Jebtsundamba Khutuktu garoowo oo ina saɗti sabu yiɗde Pekin jogaade doole e diine Buddha Tibet.

Joofgol njiimaandi diineeji e kitaale 1990 kadi addani diineeji goɗɗi sarde e nder leydi ndii. E wiyde fedde misiyoŋaaji Kerecee’en Barnabas Fund, limngal Kerecee’en mawni gila e nayi tan e hitaande 1989 haa ko ina tolnoo e 40,000 e hitaande 2008. E lewru Maayu 2013, Eklesiya Iisaa-al-Masiihu (LDS Church) waɗii porogaraam pinal ngam mawninde duuɓi capanɗe ɗiɗi e taariindi Mongo, Eklesiya 10,900 suudu ekklessiya nder leydi ndi. Won ko ina tolnoo e 1,000 katolik e nder leydi Monngoliya , e hitaande 2003, misioneer gooto ummoriiɗo Filipiin innitiraa ko bismaango katolik gadano e nder leydi Monngoliya. E hitaande 2017 Adventist en ñalnde jeeɗiɗaɓere kollitii 2,700 tergal e nder ekklesiyaaji jeegom ko ɓuri tergal zero e hitaande 1991.

## Tuugnorgal