open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cecil Textbook of Medicine

**Deftere janngirnde safaara Cecil** (waktuuji **goɗɗi ina wiyee safaara Cecil** walla **safaara Goldman-Cecil**) ko deftere janngirnde safaara nde Elsevier yaltini e les njiimaandi Saunders.

Nde fuɗɗii yaltude ko e hitaande 1927, ko deftere janngirnde safaara, nde Russell LaFayette Cecil winndi. To leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, ko deftere janngirnde safaara maantiniinde, nde yimɓe heewɓe njiylotoo. Cecil Medicine ina heewi yerondireede e « Principes de médecine interne » mo Harrison, mo duuɓi capanɗe tati adii ɗum. Ko ina wona tataɓal winndooɓe maggal ina mbaylee e kala bayyinaango keso.

## Tariya
Ko Rusel LaFayette Cecil adii feewnude nde. Jooni ko e mbaydi mum 27ɓiiri.

## Ƴeew kadi
Lee Goldman

## Tuugnorgal
Plant Pathology (journal)

**Plant Pathology** ko jaaynde ganndal ƴeewndaande, nde Wiley-Blackwell yaltini e jokkondiral e Fedde Angalteer ngam Patoloji leɗɗe.  Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1952, ko ministeer ndema yaltini nde.  Jaaynde ndee ina yaltina binndanɗe wiɗtooji e ƴeewte teskinɗe e kala fannu pathogen leɗɗe so wonaa binndanɗe ko faati e ƴeewndo pesticide e ree trade. .Mawɗo winndannde ndee ko Matt Dickinson.

## Tuugnorgal
Phytopathologia Mediterranea

**Phytopathologia Mediterranea** ko jaaynde ganndal nde Dental Fitopatoloji Mediteraane yaltini, gila 1967. Ina jeyaa e ciimtol ciimtol jaaynde ndee e nder cate gannde leɗɗe.  Jaaynde ndee ina yaltina wiɗtooji e ƴeewte asliije e nder fannuuji patoloji leɗɗe kala, tawa ina teeŋtini caɗeele fitopatoloji diiwaan Mediteraane.

## Jokkondire yaajɗe
Fedde Fitopatoloji Mediteraane (Bayyinoowo)

Ko ɗoon woni lowre fupress.com/pm

## Tuugnorgal
Kasulu

**Kasulu** woni wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Kigoma, kadi ko wuro sappo e nayaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Tansani, ko ina tolnoo e 238 321 neɗɗo e hitaande 2022.

Wakere
Kasulu woni ko to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Tansani, sara keerol hakkunde leyɗeele hakkunde mum e leydi Burundi. Wuro ngo woni ko e hakkunde diiwaan Kasulu, diiwaan Kigoma. Nde woni ko hedde 78 kiloomeeteer (48 mi), e laawol, to fuɗnaange-rewo Kigoma, nokku ɗo gardiiɗo diiwaan oo woni ɗoo. Kasulu ina woni ko ina tolnoo e 800 kiloomeeteer (500 mi), e laawol, to worgo-fuɗnaange Dodoma, laamorgo leydi Tansani. Koɗkiiji wuro Kasulu ko:4° 34' 48,00" Fuɗnaange, 30° 6' 0,00" E (Njaajeendi:4,5800; Njuuteeki:30,1000).

Ummatore
Haa hitaande 1988, yimɓe wuro ngo ina tolnoo e 19 324 neɗɗo.[4] no limngal ngenndiwal 2012 holliri, yimve wuro Kasulu limtaama ko 208,244, kadi e hitaande 2015 yimve limtaama ko 224,880, tawi noon Biro ngenndiijo limto (NBS) limtaama ko 229,218 e 234,783 e hitaande 2017 e 2017. Ɗemɗe kaaleteeɗe ko Kiswahili e Ha.

Sigga
Wuro ngo woni nokku ɗo njuɓɓudi laamu diiwaan Kasulu woni. Ko ndema woni golle ɓurɗe waawde dañde ngalu e nder Diiso ngoo. Ko ina ɓura 85% e hoɗɓe ɓee ina fawii e ndema e jawdi, heddii ko ina fawii e golle faggudu goɗɗe ko wayi no njulaagu tokoosi e hakkundeeji (PME). Ko ɓuri heewde e geɗe nguura ko gawri, ñebbe, maniyyu, ñebbe e banaana. Ko ɓuri heewde e geɗe kaalis ko kafe, tuuba e kaaƴe. Njoɓdi kala neɗɗo e nder diiso ngoo ina tolnoo e Tshs. 685 000/= hitaande kala. Darnde gollorɗe e PIB wuro Kasulu ina famɗi no feewi sabu ŋakkeende ngalu.

Ngomna
E hitaande 2011 wuro Kasulu wonti diiso wuro. Goomu kuuɓtodinngu ɓurngu toowde e nder wuro Kasulu ko Diiso wuro ngoo e gardagol hooreejo diiso ngoo e gardiiɗo diiso wuro ngoo.

Feccere njuɓɓudi laamu
Wuro Kasulu ina foti e diiwaan to bannge njuɓɓudi, ina feccii e diwanuuji 2, 15 diiwaan to bannge wuro e 108 diiwaan tokooso (mitaa). Hay so tawii ko ina wona kala diiwaan ina jogii nokku mum, diiwaan njulaagu (CBD) goonga oo ina woni hakkunde diiwaanuuji wuro Kumsenga e Murubona.

Wardooji
Warngooji 15 ɗii e yimɓe mum en e hitaande 2016.[5]: 123

Heru Juu (16 982)
Kigondo (18 150)
Kimobwa (3 744)
Kumniyya (12 429)
Kumsenga (14 811)
Msambara (24 646)
Muganza (16 003)
Muhunga (19 160)
Murubona (23 522)
Murufiti (10 451)
Murusi (17 510)
Mwilamvya (6 250)
Nyansha (14 756)
Numbigwa (12 811)
Ruhiita (17 991)
Tuugnorgal
Songea

**Songea** ko laamorgo diiwaan Ruvuma to fuɗnaange-rewo Tansani. Ngo woni ko e laawol A19. Wuro ngo ina waɗi 286 285 neɗɗo,, ko ngo jooɗorde Archidiocèse katolik Roma Songea. Hakkunde 1905 e 1907, wuro ngoo wonnoo ko cakaare Afriknaaɓe e sahaa murto Maji Maji to Afrik fuɗnaange Almaañ. Wuro ngo ina jogori heɓde ɓeydagol faggudu mawngol e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii nde tawnoo Koridor Mtwara ina udditee e nder duuɓi seeɗa. Ina ɗaminaa maa won wuro jeegom ɓurngo yaawde mawnude e duunde Afrik hakkunde 2020 e 2025, e ɓeydagol 5,74%.

Tariya

Wuro ngo ƴetti inɗe mum ko e gooto e konunkooɓe Ngoni, waraa e hitaande 1906 e sahaa nde Almaañ ƴaañi murto Maji Maji.

Caggal wolde adunaare ɗimmere, nokku oo maantiniraa ko ƴellitaare ndema jaawnde jokkondirnde e peeje njulaagu leydi bonɗe haa jooni. Laawol laana njoorndi ina peewniraa gila e daande maayo haa e Songea, tee feeñii tigi rigi e kitaale 1950 e defte janngirɗe geɗe leydi (geography) duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. E nder wolde ndimaagu e Mosammbik nokku Songea ko nokku keertinaaɗo, sahaa e sahaa fof ina wondi e hareeji aeroportuuji konu Portigaal. Woɗɗude maggal waɗi maggal waasde jogaade hoolaare e njulaagu ivoire, jokkondiral ngal heddii ko e ŋakkere hoolaare haa hitaande 1985 nde laawol kesol ngol Biritaan en njoɓata ngol udditaa, jokkondirngol maggol feewde worgo e laawol e laana njoorndi Makambako.

Songea wonti kominaaji e hitaande 2006.

Jaangirde

Songea ko galle duɗe jaŋde keewɗe ina heen;

Kolleeji jannginooɓe Matogoro

Duɗal Peramiho to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde

Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kigonsera

Duɗal hakkundeewal sukaaɓe Songea

Duɗal hakkundeewal sukaaɓe rewɓe Songea

Duɗal sukaaɓe rewɓe Peramiho

Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St

Kolleeji marke Ghetto

Njuɓɓudi

Songea ina yaaji e diiwaan wuro Songea, ina feccii e cuuɗi. Ko Diiso Municipaal Songea ardii ɗum.

Wakati

Dowlaaji weeyo ngam Songea (1991-2020)

Lewru Jan Feb Mar Apr Mee Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dec Hitaande

Hakindo °C (°F) ɓurɗo mawnude ñalnde kala ko 28,0

(82,4) 28,1

(82,6) 27,6

(81,7) 26,5

(79,7) 25,9

(78,6) 24,6

(76,3) 24,0

(75,2) 25,6

(78,1) 27,8

(82,0) 29,6

(85,3) 30,4

(86,7) 28,8

(83,8) 27,2

(81,0)

Hakindo °C (°F) ñalnde kala ko 23,1

(73,6) 23,0

(73,4) 22,8

(73,0) 21,8

(71,2) 20,8

(69,4) 18,5

(65,3) 18,3

(64,9) 19,7

(67,5) 21,7

(71,1) 23,5

(74,3) 24,6

(76,3) 23,6

(74,5) 21,8

(71,2)

Hakindo °C (°F) ɓurɗo famɗude ñalnde kala ko 18,4

(65,1) 18,2

(64,8) 18,0

(64,4) 16,9

(62,4) 14,3

(57,7) 11,7

(53,1) 11,2

(52,2) 12,7

(54,9) 14,7

(58,5) 17,0

(62,6) 18,5

(65,3) 18,7

(65,7) 15,9

(60,6)

Hakindo toɓooli mm (innde) 262,3

(10,33) 221,0

(8,70) 226,8

(8,93) 98,8

(3,89) 9,6

(0,38) 1,1

(0,04) 0,3

(0,01) 1,2

(0,05) 1,9

(0,07) 6,6

(0,26) 51,6

(2,03) 175,7

(6,92) ko 1 056,9

(41,61)

Hakindo balze to- ve (≥ 1,0 mm) 17,7 14,5 17,3 9,6 1,8 0,4 0,1 0,4 0,4 1,0 4,2 12,7 80,1

Iwdi 1: NOAA 

Iwdi 2: Catal weeyo Tokiyoo (nguleeki hakkundeeji 1991–2020) 

Tuugnorgal
Phipps Institute for the Study, Treatment and Prevention of Tuberculosis

Duɗal **Phipps ngam janngude, safrude e haɓaade** ñawu nguu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania sosaa ko e hitaande 1903 e ballal Henry Phipps, gonnooɗo gollodiiɗo Andrew Carnegie e njulaagu.Dr. Esmond R. Long woni gardiiɗo duɗal ngal gila 1935 haa nde o woppi golle e hitaande 1955.[3]

## Tuugnorgal
Pediatric pathology

**Patologie pediatrique** ko sub-specialité pathologie surgical ko faati e ƴeewndo e sifaade ñawuuji neoplastik e ɗi ngonaa neoplastik suka Abe.  Golle patolooji sukaaɓe ina mbaawi fecceede e geɗe ɗiɗi : ƴeewndo ƴiiƴam, e waɗde ƴeewndorɗe otopsiiji e ƴeewndorɗe ƴiiƴam.

## Tuugnorgal
Paradental cyst

**Kiisuuji paradental** ko ɓesngu kiisuuji odontogenik ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi keewi feeñde ko e jokkondiral e korona walla ɗaɗol dental molar ɓuuɓngal feccere.  So tawii ɓuuɓri ndii ƴellitiima e nokku distal molar tataɓo mo feccere mum yani walla e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder dental, ina wiyee tan ɓuuɓri paradental, kono ɓuuɓri keeriindi ƴellitiindi e nokku bifurkaasiyoŋ buccal molaruuji gadani mandibular e nder feccere ɗimmere ofliccdebufe adannde  cyst e ina jogii sifaaji keertiiɗi e kilinik e miijooji njuɓɓudi so yerondiraama e cyst paradental goɗɗo oo..

## Ƴeew kadi
Sist

Siis odontojenik

## Tuugnorgal
Pappenheimer bodies

**Ɓalli Pappenheimer** ko ɓuuɓri basofilik njamndi tawaandi e nder ƴiiƴam mboɗejam e dow ƴiiƴam gonɗam e ƴiiƴam.[1]  Ko ɗi sifaa ɓanndu naatndu, tawa ina waɗi ɓuuɓri ferritin, walla mitokondriyaaji walla fagosomuuji jogiiɗi ferritin ɓuuɓri.  Ɗe peeñata ko e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi, ɓuuɓndi-boɗeeri e nder ƴiiƴam mboɗejam, ina heewi wonde heen gooto walla ɗiɗi tan, tawa ina tawee e saraaji ƴiiƴam ɗam.  Ɓe ɓuuɓna e dow ɓuuɓol Romanowsky sabu ɓuuɓol ribosomeeji ina ɓuuɓtoo e ɓuuɓol gonngol e njamndi.

Piɓaaji baɗɗi ɓalli Pappenheimer ko siderosit.  Retikulositteeji ina keewi jogaade ɓalli Pappenheimer.  Ɗi ɓuri teskeede ko e ñawuuji ko wayi no mboros miyelodisplastik (MDS), ŋakkere ƴiiƴam sideroblastik, ŋakkere ƴiiƴam hemolitik, tooke plumbum e ñawu sickle cell.  Eɗe mbaawi jokkondirde e limgol ƴiiƴam so tawii ƴeewndo ngoo waɗiraa ko limtooji elektoro-optik.

## Ceertugol e ɓuuɓri basofilik
Ɓalli Pappenheimer ina poti seertude e ɓuuɓri basofiil goɗɗi nder eritrosit hono ɓuuɓri basofiil.  Ko luutndii ɗiɗaɓi ɗii, ina njogii njamndi.

## Tariya
E hitaande 1945, Alwin Maks Pappenhaimer e woɗɓe.  siftinii ñawɓe tato ɓe ƴiiƴam mum en boɗejam, caggal nde ɓe ƴetti ƴiiƴam, hollirii naatgol so ɓe mbayliima e mbaydi Giemsa walla mbaydi Wright..

## Ñawu nguu
Ɓalli Pappenheimer ina njiyee e mbaydi Wright e/walla Giemsa.  Tabitingol njamndi ndi wonaa heme e nder ɓuuɓri ndii ina waɗee e ɓuuɓri Perls’ Prusse blue stain, ndiin ƴiiƴam mboɗejam ɗam alaa sifaa, ndeen ina anndiraa siderocyte.[5]  Ko yiytude sideroblasteeji cirƴaaɗi (walla cirƴaaɗi) tan ina sifaa ŋakkere ƴiiƴam sideroblastik..

## Tuugnorgal
Oxyphil cell (pathology)

**Piɓaaji oksifil** ina tawee e onkositomaaji ƴiiƴam, e nder ƴiiƴam endokrin, e nder ƴiiƴam ƴiiƴam.gland]]s.

## Tuugnorgal
Optimal cutting temperature compound

**Ko ɓuri moƴƴude e nguleeki taƴgol** (OCT) ina huutoree ngam ustude ƴiye ko adii taƴgol ɓuuɓngol e dow mikrootoom-kiriyostaat.  Ngol laawol waɗetee ko ngam mooftude ƴiye (taƴe) eɓɓoore e dow ƴiye ngam ƴeewndaade.

## Ko woni heen
Gila e MSDS:[1]

5–15% ko alkol polivinil

1–10% ko polietilen glikol

75–95% ko geɗe ɗe mbaylaaki

## Ƴeew kadi
Mikrotoom

Kiriyostaat

## Tuugnorgal
Shinyanga

**Shinyanga**, anndiraama kadi Mji wa Shinyanga e ɗemngal ngenndiwal, ko wuro wonngo to fuɗnaange leydi Tansani. Wuro ngo woni nokkuure ardiiɓe diiwal Shinyanga nden boo ardiiɓe diiwal Shinyanga Urban District. Diiwaan oo e diiwaan oo ina inniraa wuro ngoo.

## Wakere
Shinyanga woni ko e diiwaan Shinyanga, e nder diiwaan Shinyanga, to worgo leydi Tansani. Wuro ngo ina woni ko ina tolnoo e 175 kiloomeeteer (109 mi), e laawol, fuɗnaange-rewo Mwanza, wuro mawngo ɓurngo ɓadaade. Oo nokku ina woni ko ina tolnoo e 475 kiloomeeteer (295 mi), e laawol, to fuɗnaange-rewo Dodoma, laamorgo leydi Tansani. Koolondiral wuro ngoo ko : 3°39′43′′S 33°25′23′′F / 3,661945°S 33,423056°F / -3,661945; 33,423056.

## Ummatore
Binnditagol leydi ndii e hitaande 2002 hollitii wonde yimɓe Shinyanga ina tolnoo e 93 000 neɗɗo. Binnditagol leydi ndii e hitaande 2012 limtii yimɓe e nder diiwaan Shinyanga ko 161 391 neɗɗo.  E wiyde winndannde jaaynde 21 lewru juko hitaande 2022 e nder Afrik, jooni yimɓe ɓee ɓurii 200 000 neɗɗo.

## Maandeeji leydi
Maandeeji jeeɗiɗi jooni ɗii e nder wuro Shinyanga walla sara keeri mum, ina heen :

Joɗnde njuɓɓudi diiwaan Shinyanga ;

Joɗnde diiwaan wuro Shinyanga ;

Birooji Diiso wuro Shinyanga ;

Lugge hakkundeeje Shinyanga;

Opitaal mawɗo Shinyanga ;

Stade wuro Shinyanga, stade jamaa mo Diiso wuro Shinyanga ardii ;
Maayo Mhumbu, woni ɓuuɓri ndiyam ɓurndi mawnude e wuro ngoo, ina woni fotde kilooji 3 (1,9 mi), fuɗnaange diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo Shinyanga.

E miniraagal Diamant Wiliyamson.

## Moota
Laabi njamndi

Shinyanga ina golloree e Gartirgal Shinyanga ko calɗi laawol laana njoorndi hakkundeejo Tansani.

Daldal jippol pireewol

Aeroport Shinyanga woni ko 8 km (5,0 km) e laawol Mwanza e nder nokku Ibadakuli.

Lawol
Shinyanga ina gollina laawol mawngol Tabora-Mwanza. Laawol mawngol ngol ina rewi e hakkunde Shinyanga.

## Resndo laddeeji
Diiwaan oo ina jogii eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol laddeeji nde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe toppitiinde ko fayti e nguura e ndema, e Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe toppitiinde ko fayti e taariindi e Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e moƴƴitingol leydi laddeeji. Porogaraam oo ina hollira e filmo Laddeeji ngam Teeminannde 21ɓiire.

Tuugnorgal
Chirurgia magna

**Chirurgia magna** (e ɗemngal Latin ko « golle mawɗe e dow] seppo »), tiitoonde mum timmunde ko Inventarium sive chirurgia magna (e ɗemngal latin « golle mawɗe e dow] seppo »), ko deftere seppo e safaara kuuɓtodinɗo timmuɗo e hitaande 1363 humpito ladde e wiɗtooji binndanɗe safaara daartol. Binndol asliwol ngol ko e ɗemngal Latin, ina waɗi 465 kelle. Nde firtaama e ɗemɗe Orop keewɗe : mbaydi e ɗemngal Engele hakkundeewal yaltinaama. 

Ndee ɗoo golle wonti gooto e defte ɓurɗe teeŋtude e binndanɗe safaara kuuɓtodinɗo e nder teeminanɗe tati garooje ɗee. Ko Cormac Mac Duinnshléibhe firti nde e ɗemngal Irlande.

Cafroowo biyeteeɗo Tibulle Desbarreaux-Bernard (1798-1880) ina sikki wonde deftere Chirurgia magna ndee winndaa ko e ɗemngal Katalan to duɗal safaara to Montpellier, kadi binndol latin gonngol hannde ngol ko firo arano.

Binndol latin ngol hannde, e firooji e iwdiiji, yaltinaama.

## Tuugnorgal
Clinical Tropical Dermatology

**Ko deftere safaara nde Orlando** Canizares winndi, nde jaaynde ganndal Blackwell yaltini e hitaande alif 1975. Jaaynde ɗiɗmere yalti ko e hitaandev alif  1992, hedde sahaa maayde Canizares..

## Tuugnorgal
Asibiti Ekkitinoore Irrua

**Asibiti Ekkitinoore Irrua** ko asibiti jannginoowo laamu fedde leydi Naajeeriya tawaaɗo to Irrua, Diiwaal Edo, Naajeeriya. Hooreejo safaara hannde oo ko Parfesso Reuben Eifediyi. Faandaare Irrua specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH) ko wontude nokku ɓurɗo waawde jannginde, wiɗtude e sarwisaaji ngam caɗeele cellal ceertuɗe jowitiiɗe e renndooji laddeeji e wurooji/gure tokoose. Faandaare maɓɓe ko ƴellitde e haɓaade ñawuuji ƴiiƴam viral, tawa ina teskaa heen ñawu Lassa.

Asibiti jannginoowo keeriiɗo Irrua ina sosaa kadi ngam rokkude ñawɓe cellal keeringal, keɓtinaangal, keɓtinaangal e moƴƴal, ƴellitoowo, haɓaade e safrude.

## Taariha
Asibiti janngingol keeriiɗo Irrua sosaa ko e yamiroore 92 hitaande 1993 (Appendix I). Asibiti oo ina wiyee Otibhor Okae Asibiti jannginoowo.

## CMD
Mawɗo gardiiɗo safaara hannde oo ko porfeseer Ruben.A Eifediyi.

## Battaare
Trauma & toppitagol tiiɗngol, Toppitagol mawɓe, Golle renndo, Diagnostic & wiɗto, Cafrirɗe & Opereeji, Cellal hakkille, Rehabilitation, Golle ballal keeringal.

## Firooji
Ophthalmic pathology

**Patoloji gite ko subspecialité** patologie surgical kadi ko subspecialité ophtalmologique jowitiingal e ƴeewndo e sifaade ñawuuji gite ɗi ngonaa neoplastik e ɗi ngonaa neoplastik.  Patoloji gite ina keewi gollodaade e gite.

## Tuugnorgal
Opalski cells

**Piɓaaji Opalski** ko piɓaaji glial mawɗi (fotde 35 μm njaajeendi) baylaaɗi, ummoriiɗi e astrositteeji ɓuuɓɗi.  Ɗe cifaa ko e ƴiye tokoose, eksentrik, piknotik, denndaaɗe (gooto walla keewɗe) gonɗe e periferik, e sitoplasma ɓuuɓɗo laaɓtuɗo.  Piɓaaji Opalski ina keewi taweede e nokkuuji kortikol e les kortikol (ganglion basal e talamus) e nder ngaandi yimɓe wonduɓe e ñawu Wilson e ɓuuɓri hepatocerebral keɓtinaandi.  Ko Adam Opalski, ganndo ko faati e ƴiye e ƴiye Poloñ, adii siftinde ƴiye Opalski e hitaande 1930..

## No ɗum wayi
E nder wiɗto, ina fammina sifaaji ultrastructureluuji ƴiye Opalski.  No yiyraa e winndannde ndee nii, ƴiye Opalski ina njogii ƴiye ɓurɗe ustaade.  Ɗeeɗoo ƴiye ustaaɗe ina mbaɗi mitokondriyaaji seeɗa, retikulum endoplasma mo mawnaani no feewi, e kuutorɗe Golgi ustaaɗe.[6]  Ɗee ina kollita sifaaji mbayliigu ƴiye Opalski so en ƴeewtindiima ƴiye joorɗe.  Ɗum ina hollita kadi no cellal Opalski wayi e mikroskoop elektoronik.

## Nokku e nder ngaandi
E nder wiɗto woɗngo, winndooɓe ɓee ƴeewtindiima ƴiye ngaandiiji otopsiiji tawi ina waɗi ñawu Wilson e sifaaji tati ƴiye ɗe ngonaa no haanirta nii.  Piɓaaji tati ɗi ngonaa no haanirta nii, ɗi ngonaa e wiɗto ngoo, ko Alzheimer sifaa 1, Alzheimer sifaa 2, e piɓaaji Opalski.  No winndooɓe ɓee ƴeewtorii hol e nder ƴiye tati ɗe ngonaa no haanirta nii, ɓurɗe waawde yahrude yeeso e bonnude nokkuuji cuɓaaɗi e ngaandi ɗii.  Wonno ko keewal Alzheimer sifaa 2 e nder nokku putamen e Alzheimer sifaa 1 ɓuri famɗude e nanondiral.  Piɓaaji Opalski ɓuri yiɗde ko nokku putamen e nder ngaandi.[7]  Ɗum ina hollita ɗo ƴiye Opalski ngoni e nder ñawu Wilson, e no ƴiye Opalski njogii jaabawol ɓuuɓngol e tooke njamndi.

## Tariya
Hakkunde kitaale 1928 e 1929, Opalski yahi Munich ngam waɗde stage to Almaañ.  E nder ndeeɗoo yeewtere o ƴeewtotoo ko waylude ƴiye glial peeñɗe e nder ngaandi e nder ñawu Wilson.  Ɗeeɗoo ƴiye e nder ndeeɗoo rafi maa nganndire ndeen ƴiye Opalski ummoriiɗe e ƴiye glial mawɗe mawɗe.  Porofesoor Alzheimer e Spielmayer ɓe njiyaani ɗeen ƴiye ɗe ƴiye ɗee njogii ƴiye Opalski e dow mum.[8]

## Ñawu Wilson
Ñawu Wilson ko ñawu nguu heewaani yiyeede, ngu haɗata ɓanndu ittude njamndi e nder ɓanndu nduu.  Ɗum noon ina addana neɗɗo mooftude njamndi e nder ɓanndu.  Sarɗi oo ina safra ɗum e waylo-waylo weeyo e nder taƴre ATP7B, tawi ina jeyaa e ko addata njamndi e nder ɓanndu neɗɗo.  Kadi wonaa tan cellal Opalski jokkondiri e ñawu Wilson, kono kadi ko Alzheimer sifaa 1 e Alzheimer sifaa 2.[9][10]

## Patoloji e ƴeewndo cellal Opalski
E mbaadi pathologique cellal Opalski ummoraade e ñawu Wilson hollirtaa waylooji mawɗi no yiyraa e ciimtol gadanol ummoraade e S. Wilson.  Kadi ɗum yiytaa ko e ƴeewndo mawngo ngo ngaandi hollirtaa waylo-waylo.  Hay so tawii won ɗo hollirta atrophic e nder ñawɓe ɓurɓe juutde kono alaa sifaaji hectic e ñawu Wilson.[11]  Piɓaaji Opalski ko piɓaaji glial mawɗi baylaaɗi, jogiiɗi ƴiiƴam tokosam ɓuuɓɗam.[12]

## Tuugnorgal
National Coalition of Abortion Providers

**Fedde ngenndiire toppitiinde** ko fayti e rewɓe (NCAP) ko fedde njulaagu sosaande ngam wallitde toppitiiɓe rewɓe jeyaaɓe e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1990, nde woni ko e wuro Wasinton.

## '''Ardorde'''
Gila nde NCAP sosaa e hitaande 1990 haa e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2004, ko gardiiɗo mum sosɗo ɗum, hono Ronald J. Fitzsimmons ardii ɗum.[1] Caggal nde Fitzsimmons yalti, NCAP ardii ɗum ko hooreejo leydi ndi hono Jane Bovard (2004-2005), gardiiɗo gollordu nduu hono Steven Emmert (2005-2007), caggal ɗuum gardiiɗo gollordu nduu hono Diana Philip. E hitaande 2008, NCAP fusi, hawri e Eɓɓaande yeewtere rewrude e rewɓe ngam sosde Reso toppitiiɗo rewɓe.

## '''Tuugnorgal'''


## '''Jokkondire yaajɗe'''
Reso toppitiiɗo ruttaade

Ardorde fedde ngenndiire toppitiinde ko fayti e binnditagol, 1990-2009, Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Duke
Feathery degeneration

**E nder histopatoloji, ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam hepatositteeji, ko sifaa maayde ƴiiƴam parenkiima heeñere** (ɗum woni hepatositteeji) jokkondirnde e kolestasis.

Piɓaaji gonɗi e ngalɗoo mbaadi maayde piɓaaji ina njogii sitoplasma peeñɗo e flokulant, ina ɓuri hepatositteeji keewɗi mawnude.

Jokkondiral e degeneraasiyoŋ ballon
Degeneraasiyoŋ baali ina nanndi seeɗa e mbaadi degeneraasiyoŋ ballon, ko ɗum addanta sabaabuuji goɗɗi (yeru alkol, ŋakkere teddeendi) ; ina jogii kadi laɓɓingol sitoplasma e ɓuuɓri cellal.

## Ƴeew kadi
Fosfataas alkali toowɗo (ALP)

## Mallory ɓanndu
Ñawu heege ɓuuɓngu ngu aldaa e alkol

## Hepatitis steato
Kolangitis sklerosis gadano

## Nate ɓeydaaɗe
Degeneraasiyoŋ ɓuuɓɗo. H&E taƴre.

Degeneraasiyoŋ ɓuuɓɗo. H&E taƴre.

## Tuugnorgal
Ferruginous body

**Ɓanndu ferruginous** ko yiytugol histopatoloji e nder ñawu nguu, ina hollita wonde ina waɗi asbestos no feewi (asbestosis). Feññinde asbestos ina jokkondiri e golle ko wayi no mahngo laanaaji, ɓuuɓnude cuuɗi, ɓuuɓnude ndiyam, e mahngo.

Ɗe peeñata ko no ɓuuɓri tokosiri ɓaleeri e nder septum alveolus. Ɓalli ferruginous ina keewi hollirde fooftere asbestos (so tawii ko asbestos ina hoolkisaa ina wiyee "ɓalli asbestos"). E nder ɗuum ko fiɓnde asbestos ɓuuɓnde e huunde heewnde njamndi, ummoriinde e poroteyiin ko wayi no ferritin e hemosiderin. Ɓalli ferruginooji ina cikka ko makrofaaji baɗɗi fagositoos e etaade ɓuuɓnude fiɓnde ndee.

## Nate ɓeydaaɗe
Mikrogaraam asbestosis e ɓalli ferruginous maantinɗi. H&E taƴre.

Mikrogaraam asbestosis e ɓalli ferruginous maantinɗi. H&E taƴre.

## Tuugnorgal
Fibrin ring granuloma

**Granuloma ring fibrin,** anndiraango kadi granuloma donut, ko yiytugol histopatoloji, ina sifaa e ñawu Q. E dow mbaydi hematoksilin-eosin, granuloma cirƴam fibrin ina waɗi ɓuuɓri lipid hakkundeeri (ko heewi ko looteede e nder fiɓnde e ɓuuɓri, heddotoo tan ko ɓuuɓri ndi alaa ko woni e mum) ina taaroo cirƴam fibrin boɗejam denndaaɗam e makrofaaji epitelioid. Granulomaaji cirƴam fibrin ina mbaawi yiyeede kadi e ñawu Hodgkin e mononukleose ɓuuɓɗo.

## Ƴeew kadi
Granuloma

## Tuugnorgal
Field stain

**Taƴre ladde** ko feere histoloji ngam taƴde ƴiiƴam. Ina huutoree ngam ustude filmuuji ƴiiƴam tiiɗɗi ngam yiytude mborosaaji malaria. Taƴre Field ko mbaydi taƴre Romanowsky, huutorteende ngam ƴellitde jaawgol eɓɓooje ɗee.

Taƴre Field ina waɗi geɗe ɗiɗi - Taƴre Field A ko bulo metilen e Azure 1 ɓuuɓɗo e nder ɓuuɓri tampon fosfaat ; Taƴre Field B ko Eosin Y e nder ɓuuɓri tampon. Toɓɓere ladde inniraa ko cafroowo biyeteeɗo John William Field, baɗɗo ɗum e hitaande 1941.

Nate ɓeydaaɗe

Adenokarsinooma kolorektaal. Taƴre ladde.

Adenokarsinooma kolorektaal. Taƴre ladde.

Granuloma. Taƴre ladde.

Granuloma. Taƴre ladde.

## Tuugnorgal.
Focal fatty liver

**Heeñere ɓuuɓnde** (FFL) ko feere gonnde e nokku walla e nokkuuji gonɗi e mooftude lipid e nder heeñere. Ina gasa tawa ina jogii patogenesis ceertuɗo e steatohepatitis mo aldaa e alkol ko ɗum feere diffuse. FFL ina waawi arde e waylude doggol ƴiiƴam e nder heeñere, e ŋakkeende oksijen e nder ƴiiƴam e ŋakkeende ɓuuɓri lipoproteineeji. Sarɗi oo ina ɓeydoo anndeede nde tawnoo sensitiviteeji wiɗtooji ƴeewndo reedu ina njokki e ɓeydaade. Biopsie njuumri laaɓtundi ina heewi waɗeede ngam seerndude ɗum e ñawu bonngu.

## Tuugnorgal
GFAP stain

**E nder histoloji, mbaydi** GFAP ina waɗee ngam anndude so tawii ƴiiƴam ina waɗi poroteyiin asid fibrillaire glial, poroteyiin tawaaɗo e ƴiiƴam glial.

Ina waɗi nafoore ngam anndude so tawii ko ɓuuɓri iwdi glial.

## Tuugnorgal
Ghon focus

**Focus Ghon** ko ɓuuɓri adanndi, heewi wonde ko e nder ɓalndu, heewi wonde ko e nokkuuji hakkundeeji haa les, tawi ko Mycobacterium bacilli (tuberkuloos) ƴellitiiɗo e nder ɓuuɓri jaɓɓoowo mo alaa ko waawi (ko heewi ko cukalel). Nde inniraa ko Anton Ghon (1866–1936), ganndo ko faati e ñawuuji Otiris.

Ko nokku tokooso ɓuuɓɗo, mo ƴiiƴam mum yiytata tan ko e rafiiji ɓalndu so tawii ina kalsifi walla ina mawni no feewi (ƴeew radiyoloji tuberkuloos). Ko ɓuri heewde ɗeen ina cella, kono e won e sahaaji, haa teeŋti noon e ñawɓe ɓe cellal mum en ŋakki, ina yahra e tuberkuloos miliyaar (innde mum ko noon sabu granulomaaji nannduɗi e aawdi millet e radiyoo ɓalndu).

Nokku kiisɗo ngam infection primaire ko saraaji ɓuuɓri lobar, woni ko e dow ɓuuɓri les walla les ɓuuɓri toowndi.

So tawii focus Ghon ina waɗi kadi ɓuuɓri limfatik e limfatik hilar, ɗum anndiraa ko kompleks Ghon walla kompleks gadano. So kompleks Ghon waɗii fibrosis e kalsifikaasiyoŋ ina wiyee kompleks Ranke.

## Tuugnorgal
Fibroepithelial neoplasm

**Neoplasma fibroepiteliyal** (walla ɓuuɓri) ko ɓuuɓri ɗiɗi. Eɗe mbaɗi ƴiye epiteel, e ƴiye stromal walla mesenkim. Ina waawi wonde moƴƴuɓe walla bonɓe.

Yeruuji ɗii ko :

Tuumre Brenner e nder ƴiiƴam

Fibroadenoma e nder reedu

Fillodes ko ɓuuɓri ɓalndu

Heen sahaaji, polip fibroepiteliyal (FEP) gonɗo e nder reedu ina waawi seertude e kanseer. Kono bonanndeeji keewɗi ngaddataa sabu safaara ɗiɗo fof ko ƴettugol. Jaɓde ittugol ngol noon ina foti humpiteede haa timma.

## Tuugnorgal
Agnes Fogo

**Agnes B. Fogo** ko porfeseer ko faati e ñawuuji reedu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Vanderbilt.

Nguurndam
Fogo heɓi seedantaagal makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Oslo, to leydi Norwees, e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Tennessee, to Amerik. O timmini M.D makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Vanderbilt to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Vanderbilt hade makko yahde waɗde residency e fellowship e pathologie renal.

## Toɗɗagol
Fogo ina gollina to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde safaara Vanderbilt, ko kanko woni porfeseer John L. Shapiro to bannge patoloji, mikroo-biyoloji e immunologie, porfeseer to bannge safaara e sukaaɓe, kadi ko gardiiɗo laboratuwaar mikroskopi renal/elektron.

E hitaande 2021 kadi o wonti hooreejo Fedde Adunaare Nefroloji fotde duuɓi 2.

## Njeenaaje
2011 Robert G. Narins njeenaari ummoraade e Fedde Ameriknaare Nefroloji ngam "baɗte maantinɗe e ƴellitgol e ardaade kursuuji e kaɓirɗe jaŋde".

2019 njeenaari Roscoe R. Robinson ummoraade e Fedde Adunaare Nefroloji

## Binndanɗe
Binndanɗe jaayndeeji cuɓaaɗi

Senngo glomerulonefritis e nder lupus eritematosus systémique ƴeewtaama, Kidney International, 65, 2, feebariyee 2004, p521-530, doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00443.x

Banff 07 Senngo Patoloji Allograft Renal : Kesɗitingol e laabi garooji, Jaaynde Ameriknaare ko faati e mbayliigu, 8, 4 abriil 2008, p753-760, doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02159.x

Anndugol histopatoloji reedu e 26 ko yiytaa caggal maayde ñawɓe COVID-19 to Siin, reedu hakkunde leyɗeele, 98, 1 lewru sulyee 2020, p219-227, doi:10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.003

Defte
Anees B. Fogo; Artuur H. Kohen; Robeer B. Kolwin; J. Sarles Jenete; Sarles E. Alpers (2014). Fuɗɗoode patoloji renal (Ed. ɗiɗaɓo). Nuw York. ISBN 978-3642-39079-1.

Anees B. Fogo; Mikayel Kashgariyan (2022). Atlas ƴeewndo pathogen renal (4e éd.). Filadelfi, PA. ISBN 978-0323-72163-9.

## Tuugnorgal

* 2019 Roscoe R. Robinson award from the International Society of Nephrology
Ghost cell

**Piɓal ƴiiƴam** ko piɓal epiteliyal eosinofiil mawngal, jogingal sitoplasma eosinofiil kono ngal alaa ƴiiƴam. Nde majjii ƴiiƴam e ko woni e mum ko sitoplasma, nde heddii tan ko ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, won heen kadi ko heddii e mbaydi ƴiiƴam. E nder patoloji, ƴiye ƴiiƴam ina keewi jokkondirde e won e sifaaji ɓuuɓri, ko wayi no pilomatricomas e ƴiye odontogenik kalsifikaasiyoŋ, ɗo ɗe peeñata ko ƴiye ɓaleeje, anukleat, ɗe mbaɗi degeneraasiyoŋ walla kalsifikaasiyoŋ.

Piɓaaji ƴiiƴam ina kollita nekrosis coagulative ɗo maayde piɓaaji ngoni kono jogaade arsitektuur piɓaaji. E nder taƴe histoloji, ƴiye jinneeji ko ɗe peeñɗe e ƴiye ɗowdi. Ko cellal maayngal. Yeru, e nder peewnugol ƴiiƴam periferik, ƴiiƴam ɗam ina limtee, ina feeña no ƴiiƴam ƴiiƴam nii.

## Ɗe tawetee ko e:
Kraniyofaringiyoma (poos Rathke)

## Odontooma

## Fibroma ameloblastik

## Kista odontojenik kalsiyoŋ (kista Gorlin)

## Pilometrikoma

## Tuugnorgal
Glandular metaplasia

**Metaplasi glandular** ko sifaa metaplaasi ɗo ƴiiƴam ɓuuɓɗam waylata e mbaadi glandular.

Yeru ina waɗa e nder ƴiiƴam, ɗo ƴiiƴam ɓuri nanndude e ƴiiƴam reedu.

Yeru goɗɗo ina waɗa e nder ƴiiƴam.

## Ƴeew kadi
Metaplasi ɓalndu

Metaplaasi ɓuuɓɗo

## Nate ɓeydaaɗe
Mikrogaraaf ƴiiƴam Barrett, yeru metaplaasi glandular.

Mikrogaraaf ƴiiƴam Barrett, yeru metaplaasi glandular.

## Tuugnorgal
Gömöri trichrome stain

**Taƴre trikrom Gömöri** ko taƴre histooloji huutorteende e ƴiye ɓalndu.

Ina waawi huutoreede ngam ƴeewde won e mbaydiiji miopati mitokondriyaal.

Nde inniraa ko George Gömöri, peewnoowo nde e hitaande 1950.

## Tuugnorgal
Good clinical laboratory practice

**Kuugal laboratuwaar moƴƴal** (GCLP) ko laawol GxP ngam ƴeewndorɗe laboratuwaar ummoraade e wiɗtooji safaara.

Golle moƴƴe e nder safrirde (GCP) cifaani sarɗiiji ngam laboratuwaaruuji e golle moƴƴe e nder laboratuwaaruuji (GLP) ina njokki e ƴeewde ko adii safrirde wonaa e sampleeji aadee ummoriiɗi e jarribooji safrirde. Fedde toppitiinde ko faati e kalite wiɗtooji (RQA) hollitii e hitaande 2003 feere ngam udditde ŋakkeende ndee. Caggal ɗuum Fedde Adunaare Cellal e Fedde Angalteer toppitiinde ko fayti e leɗɗe e geɗe cellal njaltinii binndanɗe mum en e kuule GCLP.

## Bindol
OMS ina waɗi golle moƴƴe e nder safaara (GCLP) 

ISBN 978-92-4-159785-2Stevens W. (2003) Golle Laboratuwaaruuji Moƴƴi (GCLP): Haajuuji gonɗi e mbaydiiji/kuule moƴƴe e nder Laboratuwaaruuji ngam laboratuwaaruuji jarribooji safaara baɗooji jarribooji safaara e nder leyɗeele ƴellitiiɗe. Tabitingol kalite, 10: 83-89.

Grant, Vanessa e Stiles, Tim, Fedde Kalite Wiɗtooji (2003 e ƴeewtaama e hitaande 2012), Golle moƴƴe e laboratuwaaruuji safaara 

ISBN 978-1-904610-21-2Jokkondire yaajɗe
Granulovacuolar degeneration

**Degeneraasiyoŋ granulovakuolar** ko feeñde e nder neeruuji ɓuuɓɗi ɗi ngalaa no mbayi, ɗi keewi ndiyam (vacuoles) ina njogii ɓuuɓri poroteyiin denndaandi. Granulovacuoles ɓuri heewde feeñde ko e neronuuji piramidaaji hippokampus. Ɗe ina tawee e mawɓe ɓe ngalaa dementia, kono ina ɓeydoo heewde e ñawu Alzheimer e tauopathies goɗɗe. E nder ñawu Alzheimer, granulovacuoles ina ɓeydoo heewde e nokkuuji ngaandi ceertuɗi, tee keeweendi mum en ina jokkondiri e tolno tauopati, patoloji plaque Abeta, e anjiyopati amiloid cerebral. Annduɓe immunohistochimique kollitii wonde ƴiiƴam nder ɓalndu ina waɗi poroteyiinuuji keewɗi, ina heen poroteyiin tubulin tau, TDP-43 e goɗɗi. Hay so tawii granulovakuoles e nafoore mum en e golle ina pamɗi haa jooni, ɗe nanndiraama e vakuoles otofaaji

Degeneraasiyoŋ granulovakuolar (kuɗol ina hollita ɓuuɓri wootiri) e nder sitoplasma neeruuji piramidaaji e nder mbaydi hippokampal neɗɗo mo ñawu Alzheimer. Hematoksilin e mbaydi eosin. Barme njuuteendi = 20 mikroo (0,02mm).

## Tuugnorgal Although granulovacuoles and their functional significance are still poorly understood, they have been compared to [[Autophagy|autophagic]] vacuoles
Gross pathology

**Patoloji mawɗi** ko feeñninde ñawu nguu e nder terɗe, e nder ƴiye, e nder ƴiye ɓanndu. Helmere ndee ina heewi huutoreede e annduɓe patoloji anatomi ngam hollirde ko yiytaa ko ina nafta e diagnostic ko waɗaa e nder feccere ƴeewndo mawngo e nder ƴeewndo ƴeewndo (processing) walla otopsi.

E nder golle caɗtuɗe pathogen anatomique, daawal grossing ina jogii darnde tiiɗnde. Ina haani faamninde no feewi mbaadi ngonka pathogenic, yeru, ɓuuɓri bonndi, teskaade nokku, mawneeki, mbaadi, jokkere enɗam, woodgol kapsul e mbaadi e dow taƴre taƴnde so tawii ko cirƴaande no moƴƴi walla diffusement infiltrating, homogenee walla variégiée, necromorgic, nokku he ƴeewndorɗe papillaaji.

Ko ɗum waɗi, so annduɓe patoloji keɓii seedantaagal, ina mbinnda sifaaji mum no feewi. Ɓe teskiima dimensiyonji eɓɓoore ndee, mbaydi mum, mbaydi mum, e kala sifaa keeriiɗo mo seerti e mum. Ngolɗoo ƴeewndo laaɓtungo ina addana en waɗde golle garooje ɗee. Caggal ɗuum, ƴiiƴam ɗam taƴaa e no haanirta nii, waɗee e nder kasetuuji, heen gooto fof ina anndiree kod barre keeriiɗo. Ndee feere yuɓɓo ina ɗaɓɓi laaɓal e rewindaade, maandeeji ɓurɗi toowde e patoloji.

## Ikon Stub
Ndee winndannde jowitiinde e pathologie ko stub. Aɗa waawi wallude Wikipedia e yaajtinde ɗum.

## Tuugnorgal
Ground glass hepatocyte

**E nder patoloji heeñere, hepatosit gilaas leydi,** ko GGH, ko ƴiiƴam parenkiima heeñere, jogiiɗam sitoplasma ɓuuɓɗo, ɓuuɓɗo no feewi, e dow mikroskoop annoore. Ko woodgol HBsAg addata ɓuuɓri eosinofilik homojeneeji ɓuuɓɗi e nder sitoplasma.

Feññinde ina jokkondiri e antigen hepatitis B keewɗo e nder retikulum endoplasma, kono ina waawi kadi wonde ko ñawu nguu addata ɗum. E nder ngonka hepatitis B, GGH ina yiyee tan e ñawuuji gonɗi e nder ɓalndu, ɗum woni ɗi njiyataa e hepatitis B ɓuuɓɗo.

GGHs ko Hadziyannis e woɗɓe adii siftinde ɗum en.

## Fannuuji
Nokkuuji GGH keewɗi ceertuɗi ina nganndaa :

Sifaa I - e morfolooji ina waɗi GGHs cirƴaaɗi gooto gooto, jogiiɗi immunostaining moƴƴo Pre-S2 mo alaa ko waawi.

Sifaa II - e morfolooji ina waɗi GGHs gonɗi e nder ɓuuɓri, jogiiɗi immunostaining Pre-S2 mo alaa ko woni e mum.

Won ko holliti wonde GGHs mo sifaa II ina waawi saabaade kanseer hepatosellulaar.

## Ƴeew kadi

## Jaabawol leɗɗe

## Mallory ɓanndu

## Hepatitis viral
Nate ɓeydaaɗe

Mikrogaraam holliroowo hepatositteeji gilaas leydi. H&E taƴre.

Mikrogaraam holliroowo hepatositteeji gilaas leydi. H&E taƴre.

Mikrogaraam holliroowo hepatositteeji gilaas leydi. H&E taƴre.

Mikrogaraam holliroowo hepatositteeji gilaas leydi. H&E taƴre.

Mikrogaraam holliroowo hepatositteeji gilaas leydi. H&E taƴre.

Mikrogaraam holliroowo hepatositteeji gilaas leydi. H&E taƴre.

## Tuugnorgal
Onion skin periosteal reaction

**Atipi nukliyeer ko peeñgol nukkuuji** cellal ɗi ngonaa no haanirta nii.  Ko helmere huutorteende e nder sitopatoloji e histopatoloji.  Nukleyuuji ɗi ngalaa sifaa ina keewi wonde pleomorfik.

Atipiya nukliyeer ina waawi yiyeede e mbayliigaaji gonɗi e nder ɓalndu, mbayliigaaji baɗanooɗi hade neoplastik e ñawu nguu.  Atipi nukliyeer tiiɗɗo, e ko ɓuri heewde, ina hiisee wonde ko maande ñawu nguu.

## Ƴeew kadi
Jaabawol Arias-Stella

Rajo NC

Pleomorfiis nukliyeer
Nevi and melanomas

**Nevi e melanomaaji** ko fedde ɓuuɓri.

Hay so tawii nevus e melanoma ina keewi jogaade koye mum en, ina woodi seedeeji kollitooji wonde nevus ina waawi wonde sabaabu melanoma..

Mutaaji keewɗi ina teskaa e nevi e melanomaaji.

## Ƴeew kadi
Doggol ngonkaaji ɓalndu

## Tuugnorgal
Netherlands Forensic Institute

**Duɗal ñaawoore Pays-Bas** (Dutch Nederlands Forensisch Instituut) ko duɗal ngenndiwal ñaawoore Pays-Bas, tawaangal e nder diiwaan Ypenburg to La Haye..

Ko ɗum gollorde Ministeer Ñaawooje e Kisal leydi Hollande, ina fawii e Direkteer Jeneral ngam Njuɓɓudi Ñaawooje e Dowlaaji Dentuɗi.

## Tariya
Ñalnde 30 sulyee 1945, laamu nguu felliti sosde Laboratuwaar Njuɓɓudi.  Duuɓi tati caggal ɗuum, ñalnde 4 noowammbar 1948, laboratuwaar oo wonti departemaa ministeer ñaawoore..

Ko nanndi e ɗuum, sosaa ko e hitaande 1951 : Laboratoori Gerechtelijk Geneeskundig (Laboratoori safaara ñaawoore), mo caggal mum inniraa Laboratoori voor Gerechtelijke Patoloji ngam Patoloji Ñaawirde ɗi ngonnoo ko e galle to La Haye mo Europodl huutorii caggal ɗuum.

Ko Doktoor Jan Zeldenrust, ganndo ko faati e ñawuuji, woni gardiiɗo gadano ndeeɗoo laboratuwaar.

Ñalnde 1 noowammbar 1999, laboratuwaaruuji ɗiɗi ɗii kawri, mbaɗti Nederlands Forensisch Instituut (Duɗal Ñaawirde Pays-Bas).

Laboratuwaar oo woni ko e Rijswijk haa oktoobar 2004, nde o arti e nokku biyeteeɗo Ypenburg to La Haye.

## Ƴeew kadi
￼Portal Pays-Bas

￼Portal ganndal

Ñaawoore warngo Deventer

## Tuugnorgal
Gynaecologic cytology

**Sitoloji ginekoloji, kadi** ko fannu patoloji jowitiingal e wiɗtooji ñawbuuli gonɗi e nder reedu debbo.

Wiɗto ɓurngo heewde e ndeeɗoo fannu ko ƴeewndo Pap, ngo huutortee ngam ƴeewde so tawii ko mborosaaji baawɗi arde e reedu. Sitoloji ina waawi kadi huutoreede ngam wiɗtude ñawanɗe ƴiye, reedu, ƴiye e ƴiye.

Sitoloji ginekoloji ina heewi huutoraade mbaydi Bethesda ngam ƴeewde njeñtudi ƴeewndo HPV.

## Tuugnorgal
Nemosis

**Nemosis** ko feere ɓuuɓnde e maayde e nder fibroblasteeji neɗɗo..   Fuɗɗoode yiytaa ko nekrosis porogaraam,[2] innde nemosis, ko iwdi Debbo Nemesis e nder daartol Gerek en.  Ndee innde ƴettaa ko ngam ustude fibroblasteeji tuugiiɗi e fuɗɗoode mum e jokkondiral hakkunde ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe e ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe, ko wayi no ɓurondiral jokkondiral hakkunde ƴiiƴam (ECM).  Jokkondiral hakkunde fibroblasteeji diploid no woorunoo ina addana ƴiiƴam ɓuuɓde, addana ɗum maayde ƴiiƴam porogaraam, PCD.  Ooɗoo sifaa PCD ina jogii sifaaji nekrosis wonaa apoptosis.

Nemosis fibroblasteeji, walla ƴiye mesenkeem e nder kuuɓal, ina addana ɓuuɓri keewndi, ko wayi no prostaglandines,[2] kam e geɗe mawnugol ko wayi no geɗe mawnugol hepatosiit.[1]  Ko noon hollirtee ina wallita e geɗe bayɗe no ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi e ɓuuɓndi, e kanseer.  Geɗe ɗe fibroblasteeji nemotik njiylotoo ɗii kadi ina mbonna ECM.  Ko wayi no geɗe keewɗe ina mbaɗi metaloproteinaaseeji matriks,[3] e ƴellitgol plasminogen.[2]

## Tuugnorgal
Navicular cell

**Piɓal navikulaar** ko piɓal epiteliyal moƴƴal nanndungal e laana, yiyteteengal e ƴeewndo Pap. . Ɗe njiyata ko e reedu (ko ɓuri teeŋtude e sahaaji ƴeewndorɗe ƴettaaɗe e nder lewru ɗiɗaɓuru), .feccere ɗiɗmere lewru, e nder lewru e nder rewɓe huutortooɓe asetaat medroksiprogesteron (depo-provera) ngam haɗde jibinde.  Piɓaaji navikulaaji ina njogii ŋoral ɓuuɓngal, ina njogii ŋoral yaajngal teddungal e sitoplasma e ŋoral eksentrik.  Eɗe njogii glikogen keewɗo e nder sitoplasma, ina rokka ɗum mbaydi ɓaleeri hakkundeeri.  Sitoplasma oo ina feeña e kaŋŋe, ina ɓuuɓna, ina ɓuuɓna les mikroskoop.  E nder huutortooɓe depo-provera, tolno progesterone toowɗo ina addana ɓalndu ɓeydaade ɓuuɓde e nder ɓalndu, ɗum noon ina addana ɓalndu navikulaar feeñde e Pap smear..

## Tuugnorgal
National Society for Histotechnology

**Fedde ngenndiire ngam histoteknoloji** (NSH) ko fedde ganndal ngam histoteknoloji laboratuwaaruuji safaara sosaande e hitaande 1973..

## Tuugnorgal
National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences

**Fedde ngenndiire toppitiinde ganndal laboratuwaaruuji safaara** (NAACLS) ko fedde jaŋde toownde to Amerik, jaɓoowo porogaraamuuji jaŋde laboratuwaaruuji safaara.  NAACLS ko Diiso Jaŋde Toownde (CHEA) jaɓi ɗum.

NAACLS woni fedde adannde ngam jaɓde porogaraamuuji laboratuwaaruuji safaara e nder Amerik, hay so tawii noon Biro jaɓoowo duɗe jaŋde cellal (ABHES) ina jaɓa kadi porogaraamuuji seeɗa.[1]  Jaŋngooɓe ABHES mbaawataa heɓde seedantaagal Fedde Ameriknaare ngam Pathologie Clinique (ASCP), kono ina mbaawi heɓde seedantaagal Ameriknaajo ngam Karallaagal Cafrirɗe (AMT).[1]

NAACLS ñiŋii ɓeydagol porogaraamuuji janngingol (OJT) ɗi ngalaa seedantaagal, ɗi ngalaa seedantaagal, sibu ina usta golle laboratuwaaruuji.[2]

## Tariya
Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1973, caggal nde Departemaa Jaŋde Amerik ƴaañi Fedde Ameriknaare ngam Patoloji Kilinik (ASCP) ngam fusde Fedde Duɗe maɓɓe (BOS) caggal kulhuli monopolisation.[3][4]  E sahaa nde sosaa ndee, ina waɗi cate jeeɗiɗi gollotooɓe e laboratuwaar : Balloowo laboratuwaar kilinik (CLA), karallo laboratuwaar safaara (MLT), karallo safaara (MT), sitoteknoloji (CT), e histoteknoloji (HT).[4]

E hitaande 2023, won eɓɓoore ngam yuɓɓinde nomenklatuur porogaraam mo yahraani.[5]
Myospherulosis

**Miyosferulosis**, anndiraango kadi sferulositosis,[1] ko ɓuuɓri ɓalndu jananndi, ndi ƴiiƴam mum ina waɗi lipid.].

Ina waawi yiyeede e nokkuuji keewɗi ina heen:

Nekrosis fat.[1]

Ñawu bonngu, e.g.  kanseer ƴiiƴam reedu.[3]

Waɗde tetrasiklin topikal e nder base petroŋ e nder nokku seppo.

Ko ɗum waɗi, mbaydi histopatoloji ndii ɓuri heewde, tee e fuɗɗoode ina sikkaa ko ɓuuɓri endosporulant ndi siforaaka tawo.

## Ƴeew kadi
Nekrosis fat

## Tuugnorgal
Coffee Break (book)

**Coffee Break** ko deftere internet e dow NCBI *Bookshelf* nde gollotooɓe to NCBI, calɗi Duɗe Ngenndiije Cellal, mbaɗi e toppitii. Deftere nde ina waɗi tonngooɗe tokoose ɗe kala heen tonngoode winndaa ko e toɓɓere ceertunde e nder winndere *Biomedicine*. Jooni noon, ina waɗi 41 tonngoode, nde cakkitii hesɗitineede ko e lewru oktoobar 2014.

## Jokkondire yaajɗe
Tablo ko woni e nder Kafe *Break*
Asibiti St. Nicholas, Laagos

**Asibiti St. Nicholas** ko asibiti keeriiɗo tawaaɗo e duunde Laagos to Laagos, leydi Naajeeriya. Sosi nde e hitaande 1968 ko Muusaa Majekodunmi. Asibiti oo woni ko e galle ina wiyee 57 laawol Campbell sara laawol Katolik Mission. Ina jogii nokkuuji goɗɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi e nder leydi Naajeeriya. Nokkuuji maɓɓe goɗɗi ɗii ko: Asibiti St. Nicolas, Maryland, Kilinikuuji St. Nicolas, nokku njulaagu Lekki, Kilinikuuji St.

## Limtol
Suudu safrirdu nduu ina waɗi cuuɗi 14, kuutorteeɗi e nokkuuji keewɗi (St. Nicholas house) ko FMA Architects Ltd. Huutortooɓe suudu nduu ina mbaɗi birooji sosiyeteeji keewɗi, jogiiɗi kaɓirɗe jamaanu e nokkuuji ɗo otooji njolnetee to bannge tolnooji keewɗi. Mahdi ndi'i ɗon sera suudu janngirde King's College Lagos, suudu dewal mawndu, Lagos e suudu dewal wuro Lagos. Asibiti oo ina waɗi etaaji joy e nder galle hee, ina waɗi kadi suudu safrirdu (ambulatoire) e sarwisaaji cafrirɗi (services d’urgence) e nder suudu lesru nduu.

## Kuuɗe

* Nephrology
* Medical and Emergency
* Intensive Care
* Preventive Health Screen
* Colonoscopy and Endoscopy
* General Medicine
* Nursing care
* Cardiology
* Paediatrics
* Antenatal Care
* Diagnostic Imaging
* Clinical Laboratory
* Surgery
* Radiology
* Family Medicine
* Physiotherapy
* Obstetrics and Gynaecology
* Oncology
* Nutrition and dietetics
* Dermatology
* Dialysis
* Pharmacy
* Health Assessment

## Firooji
Asibiti Ekkitinoore Jaami'aare Abubakar Tafawa Balewa

**Asibiti Ekkitinoore Jaami'aare Abubakar Tafawa Balewa** ko asibiti ekkitinoore laamu lesdi Naajeeriya woni haa Bawci, Diiwal Bawci, Naajeeriya. Mawɗo safrooɓe hannde oo ko Prof. Yuusuf Bara Jibril.

## Taariha
Asibiti janngirde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, sosaa ko e hitaande 2010. Asibiti oo ina anndiranoo ko adii ɗuum opitaal keeriiɗo, Bawci.

## Kuuɗe e Battaare
ATBUTH ina rokka ballal kuuɗe e nder battaare ceertuɗi:

* Anaesthesia & ICU
* Chemical Pathology
* Community Medicine
* Dental & Maxillofacial Surgery
* Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT)
* Family Medicine
* Health Information Management
* Haematology & Blood Transfusion
* Histopathology
* Internal Medicine
* Medical Microbiology
* Medical Social Welfare
* Molecular and Infectious Diseases Laboratory
* Nursing Services
* Obstetrics and Gynaecology
* Ophthalmology
* Paediatrics
* Pharmacy
* Physiotherapy
* Psychiatry
* Radiology
* Surgery
* Trauma and Orthopaedics

## Nate

File:Main_Gate_ATBUTH.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Main_Gate_ATBUTH.jpg|Main Gate of ATBUTH
File:Administrative_Block_ATBUTH.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Administrative_Block_ATBUTH.jpg|Administrative Block of ATBUTH
File:Eye_Complex_ATBUTH.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eye_Complex_ATBUTH.jpg|Eye Complex at ATBUTH


## CMD
Hooreejo asibiti hannde oo ko Yuusuf Bara Jibril.

## Firooji
Federal Medical Centre, Owo

**Federal Medical Centre, Owo** ko cafrirde cellal jamaa tawaande e Owo, wuro e nder Diiwal Ondo, to fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Naajeeriya. Asibiti oo, mo leydi mum tolnii e 58,5 ektaa, caggal ɗuum wayliima wonti nokku cellal toowɗo fedde nde, mo 300 leeso, rokkaa innde hesere wiyeteende Federal Medical Centre, Owo. Golle jaɓaaɗe e nder battaare njuɓɓudi e kilinik sanndarmori ndii e hitaande 1993 e hitaande 1994. So wonaa jannginde janngooɓe safaara, nokku oo, hono no nokkuuji cafrirɗe fedde ndee nii, ina foti waɗde golle asibituuji jannginooɓe duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde fedde ndee. Yanti heen, ina rokka golle cellal kam e kala heblo walla wiɗto ngo gollordu cellal waawi ɗaɓɓude.

## CMD
CMD jooni mo nokkuure nyawndiigu fedde nde owo nder Diiwal Ondo Dr Liasu Adeagbo Armed.

## Battaare

* Pharmaceutical Services
* Obstetric & Gynaecology
* Nursing Services
* Radiology
* Family Medicine
* Psychiatry
* Physiotherapy
* Ophthalmology
* Dental Services
* Community Health
* Emergency Services
* Surgery
* Medical Social Works
* Anaesthesia
* Dietetics
* Medical Records
* Ear, Nose & Throat
* Staff Medical Services
* Histopathology
* Haemodialysis / Renal Unit
* Intensive Care Unit
* Pathology
* Paediatrics

## Firooji
Asibiti Ekkitinoore Jaami'aare Diiwal Lagos

**Asibiti Ekkitinoore Jaami'aare Diiwal Lagos**, ko anndiraa LASUTH, ko asibiti janngirde laamu lesdi Lagos, lesdi Naajeeriya, jokkindirki bee jaami'aare Diiwal Lagos. Ko to Ikeja – laamorgo leydi ndii.

LASUTH kadi ina renndini mbaydiiji e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos State. Asibiti oo sosaa ko e hitaande 1955 ummoraade e nokku cellal tokooso mo diiwaan hirnaange ɓooyɗo oo sosi. asibiti oo caggal mum wayliima no feewi caggal nde Onafowokan Michael Olutusen heɓi jeytaare mum e hitaande 1972, o inniri ɗum asibiti mawɗo Ikeja. Nde wayliima wonti asibiti jannginoowo e lewru Yuuli 2001.

Asibiti jannginirɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos State (LASUTH) ina jogii hannde nokku ɗo jaŋde sukaaɓe jibnaaɓe yahrata yeeso.

## Battaare
Fedde Lekki, Fedde Nursing Services, Fedde Nofru, Hinere And Kondoldol, Fedde Lekki Iyaalu, Fedde Haematology And Blood Transfusion, Fedde Medical Microbiology, Fedde Child Dental Health, Fedde Accident e Emergency, Fedde Community Health & Primary Care, Fedde Clinical Pathology, Fedde Anaesthesia, Fedde Anatomic e Molecular Pathology.

## Baɗte
Ñalnde 12 Noofemmba 2015, ƴettugol ƴiiƴam gadanol baɗngol faayiida waɗii e asibiti hee.

## Firooji
Asibiti Leydi, Abuja

**Asibiti Leydi, Abuja** ko asibiti laamu to Abuja, FCT, Naajeeriya.

## Taariha
Asibiti ngenndi Abuja sosaa ko e les eɓɓoore Porogaraam ballal ɓesngu, sosaa ko e dow yamiroore 36 hitaande 1999 (Sariya 36 hitaande 1999). Abdulsalaami Abuubakar yamiri asibiti oo ko ñalnde 22 lewru Maayu hitaande 1999. Ko adii fof ko opitaal ngenndiwal rewɓe e sukaaɓe, asibiti oo udditaa ko ñalnde 1 Septemmba 1999. Opitaal oo heɓi innde mum hannde ndee ko ñalnde 10 lewru Maayu 2000.

## Yiilirde gardiiɗo

* Rt. Hon. Olubunmi P. Etteh CFR –Chairperson
* Prof Muhammad Raji Mahmud – Chief Medical Director
* Mene A. Sunny
* Dr Victor Amuta
* Bakura Shettima
* Isa Bawa Adamu
* Dr Chris Osa Isokpunwu
* Prof. Edward O. Ogirima, mni
* Prof. Olufemi Ogunrinde
* Prof. Oluwarotimi Ireti Akinola
* Mrs. Jumoke Smith
* Mrs. Elizabeth Egharevba
* Dr Abba Badamasi Kankarofi -Director Clinical Services/CMAC
* Engr. Olusegun Shokunbi – Ag Director Maintenance
* Danjuma Hassan Maaruf – Director Finance and Accounts
* Dr. Peter Egwakhide PhD. – Director Admin/ Board Secretary.

## Firooji
Mucicarmine stain

**Taƴre mucicarmine** ko feere taƴre huutorteende ngam fannuuji ceertuɗi.  E nder ganndal mikroobiyoloji, taƴre ndee ina wallita e anndude tagooje keewɗe tuugiiɗe e so tawii taƴre ndee ina wojji no feewi walla alaa.  Haa teeŋti noon, ɗum fawii ko e mikroo-organismeeji jogiiɗi ɓalndu cellal, ko famɗi fof, e nder feccere, ko huunde polisakariid.  Ina jeyaa e tagooje anndaaɗe e huutoraade ngalɗoo karallaagal mbayliigu, ko biyeteeɗo Cryptococcus neoformans..

Kuutoragol goɗngol ko e patoloji seppooji ɗo ina waawi anndude mucin.  Ɗum ina wallita, yeru, e anndude so tawii kanseer oo ko sifaa peewnoowo muus.

Yeru ko seerndude hakkunde Karsinooma Mucoepidermoid toowɗo mo parotid, mo taƴe mum moƴƴi vs Karsinooma Squamous Cell mo parotide oo.

## Tuugnorgal
Myeloma cast nephropathy

**Nefropati cast myeloma,** ko wiyetee kadi nefropati cast light-chain, ko peeñgol plug (cast urinaire) e nder ƴiye ƴiiƴam ummoraade e caɗeele lewlewndu immunoglobulin ɗe ngalaa njoɓdi, addanɗe ŋakkere ƴiiƴam e nder ngonka myeloma keewɗo.  Ko ɗum ɓuri heewde saabaade ñawu nguu e nder ƴiiƴam (myeloma).

E nder nefropati cast mieloma, caɗeele lewlewndu κ walla λ filtirɗe jokkondirɗe e poroteyiin Tamm-Horsfall ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam.  Hiperkalsemiya e ŋakkeende ndiyam ina addana ɓalndu ƴellitaade..

Myeloma cast nephropathy ina hiisee wonde ko ñawu nguu ina waawi safrude sabu so safraaka, ina addana neɗɗo ŋakkere ƴiiƴam nde waawataa waylude.[1]

Ko ɗum anndintee e ƴeewndo histoloji (histologie) e biopsie ƴiiƴam.[1]

## Ƴeew kadi
Serum-free-caɗeele pooɗondiral

## Tuugnorgal
Copeland's Cure

**Copeland’s Cure** ko deftere juutnde e daartol luural hakkunde safaara mawɗo e homeopaati nde Natalie Robins winndi, nde Knopf yaltini e hitaande 2005.

## Janngude ko ɓeydi
•SAAFROL COPELAND: Homoopaati e hare hakkunde safaara gonɗo e safaara gonɗo e mbaydi".

•Chavez, Donna (15 feebariyee 2005). "Safaara Copeland: Homoopaati e wolde hakkunde safaara ɓooyɗo e safaara goɗɗo (Deftere)". Doggol defte. 101 (12): 1046. Ɗemngal 1006-7385.

•Hoffman, Frede Ann (12 oktoobar 2005). •"Safaara Copeland: Omopaati e hare hakkunde safaara ɓooyɗo e safaara goɗɗo". •JAMA: Jaaynde Fedde Cafrirɗe Amerik. 294 (14): 1829. 1829-a.

•Klein, Avi Dov (lewru sulyee–ut 2005). "Majjere Copeland". Naamnoowo sikkitaare. 29 (4): 54.

•Margolis, Simeyon (16 mee 2005). "Hol no lekki feere feere woodi?". Kabaaru Kemikal e Innjiniyaaruuji. 83 (20): 45. Ƴeewndo: 10.1021.

•"Rev. e safaara Copeland mo Natalie Robins winndi". Kirkus Ƴeewte. 72 (24): 1191. Ñalnde 15 desaambar 2004.

•Silinger, Liesl (22 mee 2005). "'Safaara Copeland': Kollitgol safaara". Deftere jaaynde wiyeteende New York Times. h. 12. Ɗemngal 0028-7806.

Ƴeewee, Karolin (25 feebariyee 2005). "Kuuɓal goɗngal". Jaaynde Wasinton. h. C07.

•Wikens, Andi (15 marse 2005). "Safaara Copeland: Homoopaati e hare hakkunde safaara ɓooyɗo e safaara goɗɗo". Jaaynde defterdu. 130 (5): 104. Ɗemngal 1363-0277.