Ewedo

**Ewedo**, anndiraaɗo laamɗo Efabo, ko Oba nayaɓo Laamu Benin laamɗo gila c.1255 caggal iisa – c. Hitaande 1280 caggal Iisaa. Ko kanko tan woni ɓiy Ehenmihen, lomto mum. O jeyaa ko e umminde jooɗorde laamu makko gila Usama haa e nokku ɗo laamɗo woni hannde ɗoo, o naatni laamɓe e sariyaaji keewɗi, o wayli innde leydi ndii gila Ile walla Ile-Ibinu haa Ubini (Benin). O waylitii kadi doosɗe politik e njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, o sosi birooji palaas, o yaajtini leydi e doole leydi Benin.

## Ɓawo
Laamu Benin ina jeyaa e leyɗe ɓurɗe ɓooyde e ɓurɗe waawde e nder Afrik hirnaange.[1] E wiyde haalaaji, ko Ogiso en (maanaa « laamɓe asamaan » walla « laamɓe asamaan ») laamɓe gila e wuro tafngo wiyeteengo Igodomigodo. Laamu Ogiso juuti ko ina wona yontaaji 31 ​​haa Ogiso cakkitiiɗo oo, hono Owodo, ruttitii e laamu, tawi ko fedde mawɓe ardinoo ɗum ko mawɗo Odion.[2] Ndeen mawɓe ɓee neldi nelaaɗo to Ife, wuro-dowla Yoruba doole, ngam naamnaade laamɗo mo jokkondirta e Ogiso en.[3]

Laamiiɗo mo ɓe keɓi ko Oranmiyan, ɓiy Oduduwa, taaniiko leñol Yoruba. Oranmiyan ina saɗi laamaade leñol Igodomigodo, ngol o sifotoo ko « ƴattooje ». O woppi jappeere makko, o arti Ife, o acci ɓiyiiko Eweka, jibinaaɗo e laamɗo Egor ina wiyee Erimwinde.[4] Eweka wonti Oba gadano (maanaa "laamɗo" walla "laamɗo") Benin, o wayli innde makko o wonti Eweka I.[5] O semmbini doole makko e foolde heddiiɓe e lollirɓe Ogiso, o yaajtini domen makko. O fuɗɗi kadi ko mbayliigu pinal e diine, ngu hawri e geɗe aadaaji Ife e Ogiso.[6]

## Nguurndam adanɗam e koronaawiris
Ewedo jibinaa ko debbo gooto ina wiyee ko debbo mawɗo e nder Laamu Benin.[7] O jibini mo ko Ehenmihen, ɓiy Oba Eweka I.[8] Ngam woppude caɗeele e mawɗo oo, o soodaa ko maccuɗo e gorko Ilaje mo Ugho-Mahin, o woppi mo nde o anndi o reedu.[9] O jibini ɓiɗɗo gorko, o inniri ɗum Efabo.[10] Efabo mawni ko e nder Ilaje en, ɗo o jokkondiri e Eneha en, ɓeen ngoni yimooɓe fedde jimɗi wiyeteende Ewini.[11]

Efabo, nde wonnoo ko ronooɓe Oba Ehenmihen tan, ndeen halfinaama e juuɗe almuudo Ugbo e nder nguurndam baaba mum.[12] Caggal maayde baaba makko, laamɗo Efabo arti galle mum, o arti e jappeere laamu hono Oba to Usama, o ƴetti tiitoonde laamɗo Ewedo.[12] Ko adii nde o waɗata laamu, o ɓeydii heen miijaade ko fayti e doole e laamu ngu Uzama Nihinron (Laamɓe) joginoo, ngu luulndii ngu Oba.[12] E nder jaabawol, o fellitii umminde jooɗorde laamu makko ummoraade e Usama, tawaande hakkunde Uzama Nihinron, haa e nokku ɗo laamɗo woni hannde ɗoo.[12] E ballondiral e Ogiamwen, mawɗo kulɓiniiɗo, jogiiɗo leydi ndi toɗɗaa ngam laamɗo oo, Ewedo yuɓɓinii e nder hakkille mum peeje potɗe waɗeede ngam yahdu mum tawa o humpitaaki Uzama Nihinron haa ñalnde o waɗtaa laamu.[12]

## Hare Ekiokpaga
Winndannde mawnde: Hare Ekiokpagha

E umminde Usama ko juuti caggal nde o heɓi laamu, Ewedo huutoriima peeje, o ɓoornii wutte daneejo, o haɓɓaa e daande makko.[12] O hawri e caɗeele nannduɗe e caɗeele ɗe mawniiko gorko, laamɗo Oranmiyan, hawri e laana ndiwoowa to maayo Ovia.[12] Isekherhe, joom leydi hakkunde Usama e nokku laamɗo oo, salii yahde e fuɗɗoode.[12] Ngam foolde ndee caɗeele, ponto mahiraa, Isekherhe jaɓi yahde so yoɓii njoɓdi, ina waɗi debbo e kaalis ganndiraaɗo ugimwen, jooni ko fotde shillings jeegom e sixpence.[12] Nde o jippii e pont oo, Ogiamwen, jogiiɗo kaɓirɗe, etinooma haɗde Oba naatde e wuro ngoo, o wiyi mo yo o hoot Ife, leydi ndi baaba makko jibinaa.[12] Hay so tawii Ogiamwen nanngi henndu nduu e daande Oba, konu laamɗo oo naati heen, addani Oba waawde tabitinde hoɗorde mum e nokku ɗo laamɗo oo woni hannde ɗoo, tawi Ogiamwen ina ruttii e nokku mum.[12]

Mudda balɗe jeeɗiɗi toɗɗaaɗe ngam haɓaade nuunɗal.[12] E nder ndee ɗoo kawral, Oliha-Ogiamwen, hooreejo konu Ogiamwen, hawri e maayde makko, Ogiamwen, caggal ɗuum rewi e foolde to Ekiokpagha, haa jooni o rokki hoore makko, o nanondiri e Oba.[12] Nanondiral Ekiokpagha waɗi Ogiamwen toɗɗaade hooreejo, o jokki innde makko Ogiamwen ngam wonde tiitoonde makko.[12] Gila ndeen, kala Oba, e ñalawma maɓɓe laamɗo, ina foti taƴde jolngo e nder diiwaan Isekherhe, ñalnde jeeɗiɗaɓere, ɓe mbaɗa hare kewu e Ogiamwen ngam siftorde nafoore oon ñalawma.[12]

Ewedo heɓi jooɗorde laamɗo Ogiso e Ogiamwen ngam huutoraade ɗum e hoore mum, o fuɗɗii mahde galle laamorɗo hannde oo e dow leydi ndi huutortenoo ko adii ɗuum ngam wonde yanaande jamaa e laamu Oba Ogiso e laamɓe republique.[12]

## Laamu
Peewnugol e peeje kese

Ewedo, e tabitinde laamu mum toowngu, huutoriima mbayliigaaji mawɗi e nder kewu, doole chi fofefs daraade e yeeso makko—jaltugol e gollal gadanal ɗo Uzama heddii jooɗiiɗo.[13] Yanti heen, o haɗi ɓe jogaade kaɓirɗe laamu (ada) walla rokkude tiitooɗe.[14] Ko wonaa ɗuum koo, ustaare darnde maɓɓe, Uzama en ina njogii semmbe no feewi e nder leydi Benin, e daartol ina hollita wonde e nder laamu caggal ɗuum, ɓe ardii murto Oba.[15] Ewedo ina teskaa kadi e naatgol laamɓe ceertuɓe, e waylude sariyaaji, e sosde njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, tawa ina halfinaa laamɗo oo.[16] Ɗuum waɗii damal ngam ƴellitde njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, ndi limoore mum woni teemedde, ndi darii ko e golle Oba.[17] Ɓeen ardiiɓe ina njiɗi ƴeeŋtude e darnde tiiɗnde, haa arti noon e tiitooɗe keertiiɗe ɗe Oba rokki e yiɗde mum.[18]

So tawii njuɓɓudi palaas ndii waɗii peeje keewɗe e nder teeminanɗe, mbaadi ndi ndi ƴetti e teeminannde sappo e jeenay ndee ina wayi no ina yahdi e mbaydi ndi Ewedo sosi ndii.[19] Maccuɓe Oba jeyaa ko e gootal e pelle tati palas, kala heen fedde ina jogii golle ceertuɗe e nder galle hee.[20] Fedde mawnde ndee, hono Iwebo, ko adii fof ko kañum ardii njuɓɓudi Oba e regalia.[21] Nde yahri yeeso, nde ƴellitii ngam ƴeewtaade geɗe kaalis e njulaagu, nde Uwangue ardii, tiitoonde nde Ewedo rokki.[22] Fedde ɗiɗmere ndee, Iweguae, ina waɗi gollotooɓe Oba e gollotooɓe e nder galleeji, tawi ko Esere en ardii ɗum en.[23] Fedde tataɓere ndee, hono Ibiwe, ko kañum woni gollanoowo rewɓe e sukaaɓe Oba, tawi mawɗo mum, Osodin, ina rewi iwdi mum to Ewedo.[24] Feccere tiiɗnde e golle e udditgol kala fedde e nokkuuji mum toɗɗaaɗi e nder galle laamorɗo oo, ina addana ɗum luural e yeru—ko huunde himmunde e nder njuɓɓudi politik Benin,[25] ko ɗum addani Oba jom hakkille waawde yuɓɓinde feddeeji e jogaade ndimaagu mum, hono no ñaawirdu timmundu hakkunde laamuuji doole [26] Ko wayno noon, laamɗo mo alaa ko waawi, ina waawi nanngude galle mum jom doole en.[27]

Goɗɗum ko teskini e waylude laamu Ewedo ko pellital makko waylude innde dowla makko Ubini.[28] Nafoore ndee innde tigi-rigi ina heddii ko laaɓtaani e nder binndanɗe aadaaji, ko ɓuri haawnaade heen, ina wayi no nde jogii iwdi ndi wonaa Edo.[29] Ina sikkaa wonde innde ndee ina waawi hollirde Ewedo e wallidiiɓe mum, tawa ina lomtoo huunde janannde nde laamu kesu nguu naatni.[30] Nasaraaku maako nder hare man holli ƴamol ngol elemen dow Edo, ɓaawo yonta mo walaa jokkirgol e nanondiral.[31]

## Gimɗi Ewini
Ewedo ina sikkaa ko kañum naatni jimɗi Ewini e nder leydi Benin e hitaande 1255 caggal iisa, ɗum wonti maande laamu e teddungal Oba.[32] Miijo Ewini ummorii ko e leñol Ilaje, hoɗɓe e daande maayo Afrik hirnaange, e nder wuro wiyeteengo Ugbo Maghan, ngo koloñaal en Angalteer inniri Mahin.[33] Nde Efabo wonti Oba e tiitoonde Ewedo, o addi ngamre Ewini to Benin. O jeyaa ko e fedde jimɗi Ewini to Ugho-Mahin.[34] O joɗɗini fedde nde to nokku Ogbelaka to wuro Benin e gila ndeen, kala Oba ina huutoroo jimɗi Ewini ngam kala sahaa, kewuuji e juuldeeji teeŋtuɗi.[35] Oba Benin ina waawi hollirde dille mum e fiyde mbaydiiji so jimɗi Ewini ina njima.[36] Ɗum ina yiyee e nder juulde Ugie-Emobo nde Oba fuɗɗotoo jimɗi mum e fiyde mbaydiiji.[37]

## Yaajde e jiimgol
Ewedo sosi darnde ngam yaajnude Benin rewrude e njiimaandi konu, ko ɗum yaltude e koloñaal leelɗo ɓennuɗo oo, mo addani tan ko ɓeydagol leydi seeɗa.[38] Ndee waylo-waylo feewde e mbaadi ɓurndi militeeruuji e nder leydi Benin ina waawi tawa ko e naatgol kaɓirɗe e karallaagal hare jahdungal e jamaanu.[39] Gargol pucci e sifaaji keertiiɗi e kaɓirɗe e kaafaaje ina keewi jokkondirde e ngalɗoo laamu.[40] Naatgol laabi njuɓɓudi kesi, baɗnooɗi golle dowla ɓurɗe teeŋtude e njiimaandi otokaraasi, ina gasa tawa ko ɗum addani Benin waawde mooftude ngalu mum ngam hare.[41]

Aadaaji ina kollita wonde diiwaan taariindi wuro Benin ina anndiranoo Ogodomigodo e jamaanu Ogiso. Ardiiɗo gadano laamu kesu nguu, ina wiyee wayli innde mum Ile-Ibinu (leydi mbonndi) sabu luural ngal o hawri toon. Ina sikkaa ko caggal ɗuum Ewedo wayli ndee innde, waɗti ɗum Ubini.[42]

## Wade
Ewedo maayi ko e hitaande 1280 caggal iisa, caggal nde laami fotde duuɓi 25, o jibini ɓiɓɓe worɓe ɗiɗo, Obuobu woni gadano, Oguola woni ɗiɗaɓo.[43]

## Lefol e lomto
Ewedo ina siftoree wonde gooto e Obaaji Benin ɓurɗi hakkilantaagal e waawde.[44] O huutoriima sariyaaji nafooji, o sosi kasoo, o inniri Ewedo ngam teddinde makko, ɗo ƴaañooɓe sariyaaji ngonnoo haa hitaande 1897.[45] O naatini tiitooɗe keewɗe ko wayi no Uwangue, gardiiɗo mbaydi Oba ; Esekhurhe, winndiyanke maayde Obas; e Osodin e Uso, Gardiiɗo Harem Oba.[46] O yamiri kadi wonde ko Oliha tan foti laawɗinde Oba Benin, kanko e Uzama Nihinron goɗɗo oofotaani naatde e rokkude tiitooɗe.[47] Laamu hokkugo tiitooɗe ɓaawo man hokkaama Iyase mo Benin, mo waɗata ɗum bee innde Oba.[48]

Ewedo reeni jokkondiral mum e galle taaniraaɓe mum rewrude e kuule ɗe o waɗata e ñalngu nguu e maayde kala Oba.[49] E nder ɗeen kewuuji, Obas heɓi maandeeji laamu njamndi e juuɗe gardiiɗo ruuhuyankeewo laamu maɓɓe, ganndiraaɗo to Benin innde Oghene walla Joomiraawo mawɗo.[50] Oba Oguola, lomto Ewedo, ina wiyee wonde ko kañum soodi sarwisaaji golloowo njamndi mboɗeeri ummoraade e Oghene, o naatni naalankaagal jolnude njamndi mboɗeeri e nder leydi Benin, o sosi heen karallaagal jokkondirngal e doole laamu nguu to bannge sahaa e to bannge ruuhu. [51] So Oba maayii, ɓanndu mum, walla geɗe mum, ina njaltinee to Oghene ngam wirneede.[52] Ndee ɗoo gollal addani laamu nguu jogaade jokkondiral mum e iwdi laamu mum sirlu, ina gasa tawa ko ɗum addani Edo en jaɓde ɗum e fuɗɗoode.[53]

Laamu Ewedo juuti, jam, o acci ɓiɓɓe worɓe ɗiɗo.[54] Lomtii mo ko ɓiyiiko ɗiɗaɓo, laamɗo Oguola, sabu ɓiyiiko gadano, laamɗo Obuobu, fuɗɗii kampaañ to Igboland, ɗo o waɗi duuɓi keewɗi e nder hare.[55] E nder ŋakkeende makko, e caggal maayde e ñalɗi wirwirnde Ewedo, laamɗo Oguola, ɓiy Ewedo ɗiɗaɓo, ƴetti jappeere laamu, wonti Oba joyaɓo Benin.[56] Nde laamiiɗo Obuobu warti haa wuro Benin duuɓi tati ɓaawo man, O toɗɗaama Ogie Avbiama, o laati ardiiɗo jogaago tiitoonde nde'e.[57]

## Tuugnorgal

# *Ciimtol*
# *Kotonin, Mawuuna (18 mars 2016). "Taariiha birniji #5: Wuro Benin, laamorde mawnde nde duuɓi cakaari majji jooni walaa ko woodi". Gardiiɗo oo. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 22 noowammbar 2023.*
# *1995, p. 142.*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 11.*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 12.*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 13.*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 14.*
# *Izu hitaande 2012, h. 54, "Yumma Efabo ina wiyee ko debbo mawɗo to leydi Benin."*
# *Izu hitaande 2012, h. 54, "Ɓiɗɗo Eweka mo mbiy-mi Ehenminhen reedu mum...".*
# *Izu hitaande 2012, h. 54, "...e ngam woppude caɗeele e mawɗo oo, o yeeyetee ko maccuɗo. Gorko Ilaje gooto jeyaaɗo Ugho-Mahin (Mahin) soodɗo mo, ɓooyaani ko o anndi o reedu, nde naamndaa hol reeduɗo mo, o wiyi ko laamɗo Ehenminhen, ɓiy Oba Eweka I. Gorko oo ndeen woppi mo...".*
# *Izu hitaande 2012, h. 54, "...o danyi ɓiɗɗo gorko, o inniri ɗum Efabo."*
# *Izu hitaande 2012, h. 54, "Efabo mawni ko to Ilaje ɗo o jokkondiri e Eneha en wonnooɓe yimooɓe fedde Ewini."*
# *1968, p. 9.*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 5, "Ewedo hollitii ƴettugol laamu mum ɓurngu toowde e waylooji keewɗi e nder kewu, ko wayi no doole mawɓe ɓee fof ngam daraade e yeeso makko—ko adii fof Uzama ina heddii e jooɗaade...".*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 5, "...—e haɗde ɓe huutoraade kaafaaje laamu (ada), walla rokkude tiitooɗe.".*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 5, "Hay so darnde maɓɓe ustaama, Uzama en ina keddii e laamu mawngu e nder leydi Benin, aadaaji ina kollita wonde e nder laamu caggal ɗuum ɓe ardii murto dow laamɗo oo."*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 5, "Kesam-hesaagu goɗɗo teeŋtuɗo mo Ewedo rokki ɗum ko mahngo galle laamorɗo keso tawa ko e nokkuuji mawɓe, e yuɓɓinde njuɓɓudi mawɓe ngam gollanaade galle laamorɗo oo."*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 5, "Gila e ɗeen fuɗɗoode ko ƴellitde njuɓɓudi laaɓtundi e nder laamɗo oo, tawi ina waɗi teemedde teemedde worɓe e rewɓe dariiɓe e golle Oba,...".*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 5, "...e tiiɗnaare ngam ƴeeŋtude e dow darnde tiiɗnde to dow mum ina darii tiitooɗe keewɗe ɗe Oba rokki, ɗe o waawi ɓeydude heen e weltaare makko."*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 5, "Hay so tawii tiitooɗe keewɗe e peeje laaɓtuɗe naatnaama e nder njuɓɓudi laamu e nder teeminanɗe, mbaadi ndi ndi joginoo e teeminannde sappo e jeenay ina wayi no ina yahdi e mbaadi ndi Ewedo sosi."*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 5, "Maccuɓe Oba jeyaa ko e gootal e pelle tati laamɗo, e nder majji renndini golle galle makko."*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 5—6, "Fedde mawnde, /webo, fuɗɗiima ƴettude njuɓɓudi Oba, ina heen regalia makko;...".*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 6, "...e nder wakkatiiji, bana departemaaji nannduɗi e maajum nder cuuɗi laamiiɗo Orop wakkatiyel, ɗum heɓi kadi laarugo kuugal dow ko laarani ceede e filu."*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 6, "Ardiido mayre wonnoo—e haa jooni—Uwangue, tiitoonde nde ɓe mbiyi ko Ewedo tagi. Iweguae, fedde ɗiɗmere, ina waɗi gollooɓe laamɗo oo e gollotooɓe e nder galleeji e les ardorde Esere."*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 6, "No tiitoonde sakkitiinde ndee ɓuri ɓooyde e iwdi Umangue—fotde duuɓi teemedde ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum e fawaade e limto Egharevba—ina gasa tawa ko golle Iweguae ɗee ndenndini ko adii fof hakkunde Ivebo e fedde tataɓere ndee, hono Ibiwe. Ooɗoo sakkitiiɗo." fedde reennooɓe wonnoo ko e teeminanɗe cakkitiiɗe ɗee, ina joginoo tan ko gollal rewɓe e sukaaɓe Oba, tiitoonde mawɗo mum, Osodin, is tokki haa Ewedo."*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 6, "Feccere golle tiiɗnde e keeriindi kala fedde e nder galleeji mum, wallitii jibinde e nder maɓɓe oon ruuhu luulndiingo e yeru, ko huunde himmunde e nder njuɓɓudi politik dowla Benin,..." .*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 6, "...waɗde Oba jom hakkille ngam haɓaade fedde nde e hisnude ndimaagu mum no arbiter cakkitiiɗo e nder yimɓe mum ɓurɓe doole."*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 6, "Laamɗo mo alaa semmbe, bannge goɗɗo oo, ina waawi wonde kasoo e nder galle mum, jom doole en."*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 6, "Gooto e sifaaji goɗɗi ɗi Ewedo waɗi e nder laamu ina foti siftoreede: ko ɗum woni feere makko ngam waylude innde dowla makko Ubini."*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 6, "Nafoore ndee innde faamnaaka no feewi e aadaaji, tee ina teskaa wonde nde wayi ko no iwdi ndi wonaa Edo."*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 6, "Ina waawi tawa ina hollita wonde Ewedo e wallidiiɓe mum e nder hare mum e laamɓe Benin ina ngondi e geɗe janane ɗe laamu kesu nguu naatini,...".*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 6, "...e wonde nasaraaku maako holli nasaraaku nden elemen dow Edo ɓaawo wakkati mo walaa jokkirgol e nanondiral."*
# *Izu hitaande 2012, h. 54, "Miijo Ewini fuɗɗii ko e laamu Oba Ewedo e hitaande 1255 caggal iisa."*
# *Izu hitaande 2012, h. 54.*
# *Izu hitaande 2012, h. 54, "Nde laamɗo Efabo wonti Oba e tiitoonde Ewedo, o addi jimɗi Ewini to Benin."*
# *Izu hitaande 2012, h. 54, "Fedde nde waɗaama e nokku Ogbelaka to wuro Benin, gila ndeen, kala Oba ina huutoroo jimɗi Ewini ngam kala sahaa, kewuuji e juuldeeji."*
# *Izu hitaande 2012, h. 54, "Ko e nder jimɗi Ewini Oba Benin waawi yimde paɗe mum e fiyde mbayla."*
# *Izu hitaande 2012, h. 54, "Ɗum ina waawi yiyeede e nder juulde Ugie-Emobo nde Oba fiyi balle ngam fuɗɗaade jimɗi mum."*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 6, "Gaa gaa udditaade jamaanu keso e nder ƴellitaare politik Benin, Ewedo kadi lelnii damal ngam yaajnude ɗum e dow njiimaandi, e nokku ɗo o woni ɗoo e laawol koloñaal leelngol ngol o heɓi haa jooni tan ko keeri seeɗa."*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 6, "Ngolɗoo doole konu keso e ethos e nder leydi Benin ina gasa tawa ummorii ko e naatgol kaɓirɗe kese e laabi hare;...".*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 6, "...pucci ina mbiya ina ngari Benin e laamu nguu, won heen kadi ina njokkondiri e mum."*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 6, "Laabi yuɓɓo kesi ina gasa tawa ina mbaɗi heen geɗal, tawa ina waɗi heen geɗe keewɗe e nder leydi ndii, tawa kadi ko ɓuri heewde e laamu nguu ina addana Benin waawde mooftude jawdi mum ngam haɓde e ko ɓuri moƴƴude."*
# *Rayder hitaande 1969, p. 6.*
# *1968, p. 11.*
# *1968, p. 10, "O jeyaa ko e Obas men ɓurɗo mawnude e ɓurɗo hakkilantaagal."*
# *1968, p. 10, "Ewedo waɗi sariyaaji moƴƴi, nafooji, waɗi kasoo ɗo waɗooɓe bonanndeeji ɗii ngoni ɗoo. Kasoo oo ina wiyee Ewedo caggal innde makko, reennooɓe ɗum ɓee ko Erigbo, e kasoo oo ko Eseghan, kadi ina huutoree haa hitaande 1897." .*
# *1968, p. 10, "O tagi tiitooɗe keewɗe ina jeyaa heen Uwangue, Jaagorgal Oba; Esekhurhe, Winnditortooɗo maayde, ekn, e kala Oba; e Osodin e Uso, Reenooɓe Harem Oba."*
# *1968, p. 10, "O waɗi kadi sariya wonde Oliha ina foti waɗde tan ko Oba Benin, kanko e Uzama Nihinron goɗɗo oo, ɓe ngoppataa tiitooɗe goɗɗe."*
# *1968, p. 10, "Doole investiture tiitooɗe caggal ɗuum ndokkaama Iyase Benin baɗɗo ɗum e innde Oba.".*
# *1968, p. 10, "Caggal ɗuum, ko famɗi fof, geɗe ɗiɗi ɗee puɗɗii hawrude e ngootaagu tiiɗngu, jokkondirngu, hay so tawii noon laamɓe ɓee ina njokki e jokkondirde e galle taaniraaɓe mum en rewrude e kuule ɗe ɓe mbaɗata e naatgol e maayde kala Oba."*
# *1968, p. 10, "E nder wakkatiiji ɓennuɗi, Obas heɓi maandeeji laamu ndarnaaɗi nder njamndi diga hooreejo ruuhu laamu maɓɓe—baawɗo anndiraago haa Benin bana Oghene malla Joomiraawo mawɗo."*
# *1968, p. 10, "E nder ndeeɗoo ɗoo lowre Oba Oguola, lomto Ewedo, ina wiyee heɓiino golle golloowo njamndi mboɗeeri, sosɗo e nder leydi Benin naalankaagal cire perdue casting e njamndi, sosi noon ko karallaagal ngal sahaa kala ina jokkondiri e... doole wakkati e ruuhu laamu.".*
# *1968, p. 10, "To Oba maayi, ɓanndu maako, malla goɗɗum nder maako, ɗon nastina haa Oghene ngam wirneego."*
# *1968, p. 10, "Noon laamu nguu reeni jokkondiral mum e iwdi laamu mum sirlu ngu ina waawi wonde ko ɗum addani Edo jaɓde ɗum adan."*
# *1968, p. 10, "O joginoo laamu juutngu e jam, o acci ɓiɓɓe worɓe ɗiɗo nde o maayi."*
# *1968, p. 10, "Obuobu woni ɓiɗɗo Ewedo mawɗo kadi ko o laamɗo konu. E nder nguurndam baaba makko o ardii njillu to Ibo-land ɗo o woni duuɓi keewɗi e hare."*
# *1968, p. 10, “Nde o tawaaka naamde.”ngam hootugo saare, Oguola, ɓiɗɗo Ewedg ɗiɗaɓo, waɗɗitaa dow jappeere laamu Benin ɓaawo maayde e wirwirnde baaba maako."*
# *1968, p. 10, "Laamiiɗo Obuobu warti haa wuro Benin duuɓi tati ɓaawo man, ngam maajum o laati Ogie Avbiama. Ko kanko woni Ogie Avbiama arandeere."*

## Bibliografi

# Egharevba, Yaakuuba U. (1968). Daartol Benin juutngol. [Ibadan]: [Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Ibadan]. . OCLC 44489.
# Rayder, A.F.C. (1969). Benin e Oropnaaɓe: 1485-1897. Londres: Ko juuti.
# Esenhofer, Stefaan (1995). Laamu Benin: Naatgol. Basel: Ko suudu defte ngam ƴellitde nguurndam.
# Izu, Binyamin Obegara (2012). Miijo e kewuuji jokkondirɗi kollitaaɗi e nder Ugie (juulde) to suudu laamɗo leydi Benin, leydi Najeriya (PhD). Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Afrik worgo.