Dioxide Materials

« **Dioxide Materials » sosaa** ko e hitaande 2009 to Champaign, to leydi Illinois, jooni ko to Boca Raton, to Floride. Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e golle maggal ko ƴellitde karallaagal ngam ustude mborosaaji e nder winndere ndee. Dioxide Materials ina ƴetta karallaagal ngam waylude gaas karbonik, ndiyam e semmbeeji kesi, mbaɗta ɗum en bensin (petrol) walla petroŋ jet mo alaa karbon. Kuutorɗe ɗee ina njeyaa heen : ƴellitgol CO2, peewnugol petroŋ duumotooɗo e ustude semmbeeji kesi (ɗum woni semmbeeji kesi ɗi resooji ɗii mbaawaano huutoraade.

## Karallaagal Elektrolizer Gaas Karbonik
Elektrolizeruuji gaas karbonik ko huunde mawnde e golle gaas karbonik.[4] Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e jaabawol caɗeele Departemaa Energy ngam yiytude katalisuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude ngam ustude gaas karbonik e nder elektoro-kimiyaagal.[5] E oon sahaa, doole ɓurɗe heewde (ɗum woni doole guurɗe) ina keewi, tee tolno oo ina famɗi no feewi ngam huutoraade ɗum.[5][6] Gollooɓe e Dioxide Materials miijii wonde katalis kuutorteeɗo e golle ɗiɗi, baɗɗo njamndi e ndiyam iyon ina waawi ustude mbaawka ɓurka heewde ngam ustude gaas karbonik e nder elektorokimikaaji. Ndeke, tawaama wonde kawral katalisuuji ɗiɗi, nanopartikulaaji kaalis e ɓuuɓri ndiyam iyon ina waɗi ɓuuɓri potndi 1-etil-3-metilimidazolium tetrafluoroborat (EMIM-BF4) e ndiyam, ina usta mbaawka ɓurtuka waylude CO2 e monoksiid karbon (CO ) gila hedde 1 volt haa 0,17 volt tan.[7] Gollotooɓe ummoriiɓe e laboratuwaaruuji goɗɗi, caggal ɗuum, ƴettii ko ɓe keɓi koo e njamndiiji keewɗi, e dow ndiyam iyon keewɗam.[8] Dioxide Materials hollitii wonde ɓeydagol nanndungol e ngol ina waɗa e sahaa elektorolisis ndiyam alkali[9][10] e hidrokarboksilaasiyoŋ asetileen [11] ("kemikal Reppe").

Laawol gonngol e Dioxide Materials ngam ƴellitde elektorolisis CO2 e dow kaalis e nder woodde (haako-ñebbe) e tawa alaa (ɓaleejo) EMIM

E ooɗoo sahaa, ina woodi naamnal haa jooni ko fayti e hol no imidazoliyum waawirta ustude semmbeeji ɓurɗi heewde ngam ustude gaas karbonik e nder elektoro-kimiyaagal. Laawol gadanol e nder elektorolisis CO2 ko ɓeydude elektoronik e nder CO2 walla e nder mbaydi molekulaaji tawa ina waɗi CO2. Muuñal keɓtinaangal ngal ina winndaa heen "CO2 ̄" e natal to bannge nano. Ina ɗaɓɓi ko famɗi fof semmbe elektoronik-volt e kala molekul ngam waɗde tagoore ndee tawa ndiyam iyon alaa.[12] Ndeen semmbe electron-volt ina heewi waasde e nder mbaydi mbaylaandi. Rosen at al[7] hollitii wonde kompleks keso ina feeña e gonndigal ndiyam iyon ɗam mbele 1 eV semmbe ina ustoo. Kompleks oo ina addana reaksiyoŋ oo rewde laawol ɓalewol ngol e dow natal to bannge ñaamo. Golle cakkitiiɗe ɗee kollitii wonde kompleks keso oo ko zwitterion[13] Laabi goɗɗi baawɗi wonde (ɗum woni ɗi ngonaa zwitterion) ina njeewtee e Keith et al.[14] Rosen e woɗɓe. Verdaguer-Kasadeval e woɗɓe.[16] e Shi e woɗɓe.[17]

## Membraanuuji jokkondire
Sifaa Duumagol 37

Ko heddii koo, ko ndiyam iyon yiytaa ko ina ɓuuɓna no feewi, ina waawi huutoreede e elektoroliiseeji gaas karbonik kuutorteeɗi. Ndiyam iyon ko ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi. Ɓe ɓuuɓna/ɓe ɓuuɓna sewnde, elektoronik karbon e geɗe goɗɗe e nder elektoronik njulaagu. Ko ɗum waɗi ɗe caɗtunoo huutoreede e golle.

Ngam woɗɗitaade mboros oo, Dioxide Materials wayliima gila e katalisuuji ndiyam iyon, fayti e polimeruuji mbaylaandi aniyon katalitik. Polimeruuji keewɗi ƴeewtaama, polimeruuji stiren kuutorteeɗi imidazolium kollitooji e natal ngal to bannge ñaamo hollirii golle ɓurɗe moƴƴude.[18][20] Membraanuuji ɗii mbaɗiraa ko Sustain. Huutoraade membraneeji Sustainion ƴettii doole e nguurndam elektoronik CO2 e nder njuuteendi njulaagu.[21][22][23][24][25] Membraneeji jokkondire kollitii jokkondire ɓurɗe 100 mS/cm e nder ngonkaaji alkali to 60 °C,[10] darnde fotde ujunnaaje waktuuji e nder 1M KOH,[10] e rokkude darnde mekanik fisik nafoore e kuutorɗe keewɗe ceertuɗe. Membraneeji ɗii kollitii nguurndam ko ɓuri waktuuji 3000 e nder elektoronik CO2 e ɓuuɓri toowndi.[26][10] Wiɗtooji baɗanooɗi ko ɓooyaani kollitii wonde ɓalndu nduu ina jogii katod ɓurɗo moƴƴude ina waawi dogaade haa balɗe 158 e 200 mA/cm2 .[27]

## Tuugnorgal
ARPA-E Toɓɓere: Waylude CO2 e nder petroŋ e kemikal

Lori Bird, Jaquelin Cochran, e Xi Wang, Ustugol semmbe henndu e naange: humpito e golle e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, ciimtol NREL NREL/TP-6A20-60983, lewru marse 2014

ARPA-E Toɓɓere: Pewnugol Hidrogen toowngol

Lowre Kaɓirɗe Dioksiid

A. Bell e woɗɓe. Wiɗtooji baɗɗiiɗi ina njiɗi katalis ngam semmbe, DOE PNNL-17214

Halmann e Steinberg, “Ustugol gaas karbonik gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi,” bayyinoowo Lewis, 1999. 

Brian A. Rosen, Amin Salehi-Khojin, Michael R. Thorson, W. Zhu, Devin T. Whipple, Paul J. A. Kenis, Richard I Masel *, Waylude CO2 e CO e nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi famɗude, ganndal Vol. 334 alaa. 6056 p. 643-644 (2011) doi:10.1126/ganndal.1209786.

Citations ngam waylude CO2 e CO e mbaadiiji ɓurɗi famɗude

R. I. Masel, Z. Liu, e S. D. Sajjad 1 A/cm2 e ko famɗi fof 2 V, ECS Transactions, 75 (14) 1143-1146 (2016) doi:1149/0731st

Zengcai Liu, Syed Dawar Sajjad, Yan Gao, HongzhouYang. Jeri J.Kasuur. Richard I.Masel, batte membrane e dow elektoroliser ndiyam alkali, Jaaynde winndereere semmbe hidrojen 42(50), 29661-29665 (2017).

Richard I. Masel, Zheng Richard Ni, Qingmei CHEN, Brian A. Rosen, Laawol peewnugol asid akrilik duumotooɗo, paten Amerik 9790161 [1].

Yiyngooji kemikal (Elsevier) Waylude CO2 e semmbe seeɗa

Mark Pellerite, Marina Kaplun, Claire Hartmann-Thompson, Krzysztof A. Lewinski, Nancy Kunz, Travis Gregar, John Baetzold, Dale Lutz, Matthew Quast, Zengcai Liu, Hongzhou Yang, Syed D. Sajjad, Yan Gao, e Rich Masel Imida Membraneeji polimer kuutorteeɗi ngam cellal e elektoroliser, ECS Trans. 2017 80(8): 945-956; Doi:10.1149/08008.0945ekst

John A. Keith e Emily A. Carter, Faamde miijooji e nder laabi ustude CO2 elektorokimikaaji ɗi heterosikluuji azot jokkondirɗi e dow leydi, J. Phys. Kem. Lett., 2013, 4 (23), pp 4058-4063

Jonathan Rosen, Gregory S. Hutchings, Qi Lu, Sean Rivera, Yang Zhou, Dionisios G. Vlachos, e Feng Jiao, Faamde ko faati e ustude CO2 e CO e dow tagopeeje Ag nanostructured, ACS Catal., 2015, 5 ), pp 4293-4299 doi:10.1021/akskatal.5b00840

Arnau Verdaguer-Casadevall, Christina W. Li‡, Tobias P. Johanson, Soren B. Scott, Joseph T. McKeown, Mukul Kumar, Ifan E. L. Stephens, Matthew W. Kanan*, e Ib Chorkendorff* Ƴeewndo nokkuuji gonɗi e dow leydi ngam CO Ustagol e dow elektorokatalisuuji njamndi keɓtinaaɗi e oksidaaji, J. Am. Kem. Fedde, 2015, 137 (31), pp 9808-9811

Chuan Shi, Heine A. Hansen, Adam C. Lauscheb, e Jens K. Nørskov, Ƴellitaare e golle ustude CO2 elektorokimikaaji ngam ƴellitde nokkuuji njamndiiji udditiiɗi e ɓadtiiɗi, Phys. Kem. Kem. 1039/C3CP54822H

R. I. Masel, Qingmei Chen, Zengcai Liu, Robert Kutz, Polimeruuji jowitiiɗi e iyon, paten Amerik 9580824

Richard I. Masel, Amin Salehi-Khojin, Robert Kutz, Laawol elektorokatalitiik ngam waylude gaas karbonik, paten Amerik 981501

2011. 100 000 neɗɗo ina mbaawi waɗde heen geɗel gootel

R.F. Sarwiis, Laabi ɗiɗi kesi ngam waylude ‘garbage’ gaas karbonik e Ganndal petroŋ, 1 settaambar 2017

Steven K Ritter, CO2 ɓadiiɗo njulaagu, kabaruuji C&E, deftere 93 tonngoode 13 | p. 30 . Ñalnde 30 marse 2015

Mark Harris, Hawooɓe waylude gaas karbonik e petroŋ, Jaaynde Guardian, 14 suwee 2017

SAVVY: Waylude gaas karbonik e geɗe New Straitus Times, 3 desaambar 2017.

Michael Foertsch, Ɗeeɗoo laabi ina mbaɗta CO2 semmbe mo alaa ko nafata, Wired, 24 suwee 2017

1653-1656 (2017) 1653-1656

2018 J. Elektrokimi. Soc. 165 J3371 DOI 10.1149/2.0501815jes