Cheryl Clarke

**Cheryl L. Clarke** (jibinaa ko Washington D.C., ñalnde 16 Maayu 1947) ko jimoowo, binndoowo, jannginoowo, e daraniiɗo renndo rewɓe ɓaleeɓe Ameriknaajo. Bursi makko ɓuri teeŋtude ko e binndol rewɓe Afriknaaɓe-Ameriknaaɓe, e feminism lesbiyanke ɓaleejo, e dille ñeeñal ɓaleeɓe to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik.

Ko ɓuri duuɓi 40, Clarke woniino sosɗo Direkteer Geɗe Renndo Ceertuɗe e Kuule Lesbiyen/Gay, caggal ɗuum Ofis Jaŋde Njuɓɓudi Renndo e Renndooji LBT, to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Rutgers. O jokki jokkondiral janngingol e Faculté Graduate de la Departement des études des femmes et des généraux, hay so tawii o woppii kuugal. Yanti heen, Clarke ina gollina e yiilirde fedde wiyeteende Newark Pride.

## Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗade
Ɓiɗɗo debbo James Sheridan Clarke, gonɗo e wolde adunaare ɗimmere, e Edna Clarke, Cheryl Clarke jibinaa, mawni ko to Wasinton, e nder dumunna mo dille jojjanɗe aadee Amerik ɓuri mawnude, gooto e miñiraaɓe rewɓe nayo e miñi mum gorko. Galle oo ko katolik, iwdi jiyaaɓe rimɗinaaɓe, egguɓe to laamorgo leydi ndii caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele. Jibnaaɓe ɓee fof ko gollotooɓe laamu, winnditiiɓe Demokaraat en.

Nde o heɓi duuɓi 13, Clarke taƴi laawol piket ngol daraniiɓe afriknaaɓe-ameriknaaɓe seppooɓe ngam seerndude yimɓe to Woolworth to 14th Street. Nde o arti galle, yumma makko, tergal senndikaa tiiɗngal, wiyi mo hoto o meeɗ taƴde piket, o janngina mo darnde kuugal toowɗe e nder dille jojjanɗe aadee. E duuɓi 16, Clarke jaɓaama e jibnaaɓe mum ngam tawtoreede marse 1963 to Washington ngam kuugal e ndimaagu e maɓɓe. Ñalnde heen ko adii seppo ngoo, e nder laawol makko dow wuro ngam heɓde humpitooji ko faati e laawol ngol, o hawri e Martin Luther King Jr., mo o waɗata konngol makko "I Have a Dream" ñalnde heen.

Clarke janngii duɗe parrochial to diiwaan Columbia, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard e hitaande 1965. O heɓi B.A. e binndol Inngilankore e hitaande 1969. Caggal ɗuum, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rutgers, o timmini Master makko e hitaande 1974, Master makko e kuugal renndo e hitaande 1980, o heɓi PhD makko e hitaande 2000. Ko ɓuri heewde e oon sahaa, o golliima kadi e Rutgers, o fuɗɗii kuugal makko toon ko e hitaande 1970 e nder porogaraam duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Urban. E hitaande 1992, o wonii gardiiɗo sosɗo geɗe renndo ceertuɗe e kuule Lesbiyen/Gay, caggal ɗuum wonti Biro Jaŋde Nuunɗal Renndo e Renndooji LGBT. O woniino gardiiɗo janngooɓe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Livingston to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rutgers tuggi 2010 haa 2013, nde o woppi kuugal.

## Bindi
Clarke woni binnduɗo defte joy jimɗi: Narratives: Poèmes dans la tradition des femmes noires (ko adii fof ko kanko yaltini ɗum e hitaande 1981, nde Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press renndini ɗum e hitaande 1982); ngam Defte Firebrand, Wuurde no lesbiyanke nii (1986), Pitch ɓuuɓɗo (1989), e Yiɗde jarriborde (1993); e ngam kuugal Konngol, E Taƴre Am Timmunde (2016). O yaltini kadi Caggal Makka — Rewɓe yimooɓe e dille naalankaagal ɓaleeɓe (Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Rutgers, 2005), e Ñalɗi njiylawu moƴƴo: Binndi e Yimre, 1980–2005 (Carroll & Graf Publishing, 2006), deftere nde holliri duuɓi 25 bayyinaango wri.

Clarke golliima e fedde winndiyaŋkoore wiyeteende Conditions, deftere lesbiyankoore adannde, o yaltinaama e nder defte binndaaɗe, jaayndeeji, jaayndeeji, e jaayndeeji keewɗi, ina jeyaa heen Conditions, Ooɗoo ponto ina wiyee caggal am, Sukaaɓe rewɓe galle, Ganndo ɓaleejo, Ƴeewndo Kenyon, e Gay Community News. Binndanɗe Clarke, "Lesbianism: An Act of Resistance" e "Waasde Waylude: Homophobie e nder renndo ɓaleejo", yaltinaaɗe e ndeeɗoo ponto wiyeteeɗo Back am e Home Girls, ina keewi naatde e jaŋde rewɓe, jaŋde ɓaleeɓe, e jaŋde Inngilankore.

### "Lesbinism: kuugal cemmbiɗngal" (1981)
Cheryl Clarke woni binnduɗo deftere "Lesbianism: une acte de résistance", yaltunde e hitaande 1981 e nder deftere rewɓe wiyeteende Oo ponto wiyeteeɗo ɓalewol am: binndanɗe rewɓe radikal en ɓaleeɓe. Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e naatgol binndol ngol ko yaajtinde cate hol limtoowo lesbiyanke e hol ko woni lesbiyanke. So wonaa siftinde lesbiyanke tan ko debbo jokkondirɗo e rewɓe woɗɓe, Clarke ina teeŋtina wonde "alaa sifaa lesbiyanke gooto, alaa sifaa jikku lesbiyanke gooto, alaa sifaa gooto jokkondiral lesbiyanke." Miijo "lesbiyanke" ko jokkondire, o waɗii nokku ngam rewɓe jokkondirɓe e woɗɓe kono label emo. Ko noon kadi, o firti lesbiyankaagal "hono feere miijo, politik, e filosof ngam rimɗinde rewɓe fof e njiimaandi heteroseksual." Nde tawnoo o miijii lesbiyankaagal ina luulndii njiimaandi worɓe e doole heteroseksual, o siftini ɗum ko reentaade debbo e nder nguurndam mum, no fotiri fof.

### "Waasde waylude: Homofobi e nder renndo ɓaleejo" (1983)
Deftere 1983 wiyeteende Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology ina waɗi heen gooto e binndanɗe Clarke, tiitoonde mum ko "Waasde waylude: Homophobie e nder renndo ɓaleejo". ndeeɗoo winndannde ko ƴeewndo binndol, ina heen ƴeewndooji LeRoi Jones, 1961, *Macho ɓaleejo e miijo debbo ɓurɗo mawnude* (1979) mo Michele Wallace winndi, e *Ain’t I a Woman* (1981) mo bell hooks winndi. Clarke wiyi wonde homofobi wonaa tan e renndo ɓaleejo, kono ina hollita pinal homofobi ɓurngal mawnude. Ndeeɗoo feccere ina feewti e worɓe ɓaleeɓe, ɓe Clarke wiyi ina duumoo homophobie e miijooji supremacist ɓaleeɓe, luulndiiɗi ɓaleeɓe, ko wayi no jinnaaɗo e jokkondiral, ko ɗum feere ngam ɓeydaade welde e Amerik ɓaleeɓe. O ñiŋii teeŋti noon "gorko ɓaleejo hakkille" ngam wonde danndoowo mo addanta renndo ɓaleejo ndimaagu e laawol jokkude homophobie ngam ñaawde lesbiyen ɓaleejo ko bonnata ɓesngu ɓaleejo e ngenndi ɓaleejo. Ko ɓeydi heen, Clarke hollitii wonde rewɓe ɓaleeɓe jogiiɓe hakkillaaji ina njaltina lesbiyen ɓaleeɓe e nder jaŋde mum en, kadi ina njeddi rewɓe lesbiyen ɓaleeɓe—"homophobia by omission". Toowgol e ittugol rewɓe lesbiyen en ɓaleeɓe e nder dille ndimaagu ɓaleeɓe, e wiyde Clarke, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, tee ko e haɓaade e ittude homophobie tan renndo ɓaleejo heɓata ndimaagu.

Clarke joofniri ko wonde ɓaleeɓe ina poti daranaade ittude njiyaagu e nder renndo ngo, tawa ina mbaɗa yeewtere e daraniiɓe ndimaagu gaynaako e lesbiyanke, ina njannga e politik gaynaako en, ina kaɓa e jikkuuji njiyaagu nder renndo e yaasi, e faamde no ɗiin jikkuuji kaɗirta ndimaagu timmungu.

### Diɗɗal Naalankaagal ɓaleeɓe
Diɗɗal naalankooɓe ɓaleeɓe waɗii hakkunde 1965 e 1975, e jokkondiral tiiɗngal e diɗɗal doole ɓaleeɓe, e yiɗde miijaade politik hirnaange e estetikaaji pinal. Ummital e ndee dillere kadi ko naatgol rewɓe kam e naalankooɓe queer, tawi heen geɗal ko batte ñiŋooje dillere ndee e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe, haa arti noon e Clarke, teeŋtinoowo darnde naalankaagal ɗeen pelle. E nder kuugal makko Caggal Makka, Clarke hollitii rewɓe yimooɓe e winndooɓe e waɗde jikkuuji queer e hakkunde daartol makko fiction revolutionnaire. Hono no Black Arts Movement nii, ko heewi e kuugal Clarke e nder binndol e nder kuugal mum ina taarii miijo yiyngo, kono e ɓurde jokkondirde e debbo ɓaleejo queer.

## Ummatore
Clarke golliima e nder dipiteeji keewɗi e pelle renndo, ina jeyaa heen Fedde Rewɓe New York ngam Haɓaade Rafi (1985), Fedde Rewɓe New Jersey e Sida, Fedde Janngirɗe Lesbiyen e Gay to Duɗal Jaŋde CUNY, e Fooyre Lesbiyen Astraea ngam Ñaawoore. O wonii tergal e Yiilirde Ngenndiire Newark Pride Alliance, fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore, daraniinde wallitde e porogaraamuuji LGBTQ to Newark.

Clarke ina hoɗi to wuro Jersey, to leydi New Jersey. E wondude e jom suudu makko, Barbara Balliet, ko kanko woni jom suudu defte biyeteeɗo Bleinheim Hill, defterdu defte to Hobart.

### Koolol rewɓe winndooɓe Hobart
Koolol rewɓe winndooɓe Hobart sosaa ko e hitaande 2013 e juuɗe Clarke e miñi mum debbo Breena Clarke, tawi ko e dow rewɓe winndooɓe baylaaɗe. Kala lewru settaambar, ndee fedde ina rokka kuugal jaŋngugol e binndol, kollirɗe naalankaagal, e yeewtereeji.

## Kuugal

* *Narratives: Poems in the Tradition of Black Women* (1983)
* *Living as a Lesbian* (1986)
* *Humid Pitch* (1989)
* *Experimental Love* (1993)
* *By My Precise Haircut* (2016)
* 

## Tuugnorgal