open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Liver scratch test

**Test scratch heege** (anndiraango kadi test Lazar) ko feere nde safrooɓe kuutortoo e nder ƴeewndo ɓanndu ngam anndude keeri lesɗi heeñere ngam ɓadtaade mawneeki heeñere ñawɗo. Feere ndee fuɗɗii ko e Burton-Opitz e hitaande 1925 ɗo nde huutoraa ngam anndude silsil ɓernde, kono ina woodi tuugnorgal feere nanndunde e nde huutortenoo ko adii ɗuum. Test ɓuuɓri heege ina waawi huutoreede so tawii karallaagal ƴeewndo goɗɗal kuutorteengal ngam ɓadtaade njaajeendi heege ina ŋakki walla ina ŋakki, ina sikkaa ina ɓuri nafoore so tawii reedu nduu ina yaaji, ina ɓuuɓi no feewi ngam ƴeewde no feewi, so tawii ƴiye reedu ɗee ina tiiɗi no feewi, walla so tawii ñawɗo oo ina ɓuuɓi..

## Teknik
Test ɓuuɓri heeñere ko sifaa percussion auscultatoire kuutortooɗo ceertugol jolngo sonndu hakkunde terɗe tiiɗɗe e terɗe ɓuuɓɗe e nder reedu ngam yiytude ŋorol les heeñere. Fooyre ndee ɓuri waɗeede ko e waɗde stetoskop les ɓuuɓri xiphoid e ɓuuɓnude seeɗa ɓalndu nduu e dow ŋoral heeñere ɗaminaande ndee. Ƴeewoowo oo fuɗɗotoo ko ɓuuɓde e ŋoral les reedu ñaamowal e dow ŋoral hakkunde ŋoral, o diwa dow haa daande ndee ɓeydoo ɓuuɓde no feewi. Ooɗoo nokku ɗo ɓuuɓri auscultation ɓeydotoo ɗoon e ɗoon, ina maantiniree no feewi, ko ɓuuɓri les heeñere ndee, ndeen noon ina waawi huutoreede ngam anndude mawneeki heeñere ndee fof. Feereeji keewɗi e ƴeewndo ngoo ina ngoodi kadi ina heen jokkondire stetoskop ceertuɗe ko wayi no dow marge costal walla heeñere, percussing reedu e nokku ɓuuɓɗo, walla ɓuuɓnude e mbaadiiji ceertuɗi i.e. cirkulaar walla lateral directions..

## Luural
Hay so tawii ina heewi janngeede e janngooɓe safaara, nafoore ƴeewndo ƴiiƴam heeñere e nder ƴeewndo ɓanndu reedu ina luurdi sabu e daartol ngol waɗii ko boni. So tawii ina miijanoo woppude jarribo ngoo haa laaɓa cer, won wiɗtooji kollitii wonde jarribo ƴaañorgal ngal ko famɗi fof ina laaɓti no feewi no percussion nii e nder anndinde ŋorol heeñere ndee, kadi ina ɓuri laaɓtude wonande sukaaɓe janngooɓe ɓee.

## Tuugnorgal.
Liver span

**Heeñere ndee** ko fotde waɗeteende e nder ƴeewndo ɓanndu ngam anndude mawneeki heeñere ndee e anndude so tawii ina waawi wonde hepatomegali.

Ko woɗɗude hakkunde keeri les heeñere e nder doggol hakkunde-ɓaawoore keɓtinaangol e palpitaasiyoŋ, e keeri dow heeñere e nder doggol hakkunde-ɓaawoore keɓtinaangol e percussion (keeri dow heeñere ina woni caggal ƴiye, ɗe mbaawaa paltaade). Laabi ɓurɗi laaɓtude ngam hiisaade njuuteendi heeñere ina mbaɗi ultrasound e ƴeewndo taƴngo (tomogaraafi ordinateer walla ƴeewndo magnetik).

Heeñere no woorunoo ko 6–12 cm (2,4–4,7 in), kono ina seerti e duuɓi, e tolno, e teddeendi. E fawaade e karallaagal cafroowo oo, limtooji njuuteendi heeñere wootere  (3,1 in), e nder ordinateer. 

## Tuugnorgal
Lundh's test

**Darnde eksokrin pankreas ina waɗi yaltinde enzimuuji ɓuuɓɗi keewɗi**, ko wayi no lipaase e proteaseeji, ko wayi no tripsin, ngam jaabaade ɓuuɓri hormon caggal nde ñaami. Rafiiji pankreas ko wayi no pankreatitis gonɗo e ɓalndu, fibrose cystique e kanseer pankreas ina mbaawi addande ustaare golle eksokrin pankreas.[citation needed]

Test Lundh ina waɗi waɗde tuuba jogiiɗo laabi keewɗi e nder ƴiiƴam. Ooɗoo tuuba ina waɗi ɓulli e nder reedu e nder ƴiiƴam. Nyaamdu baɗndu poroteyiin, karbohidrat e ƴiiƴam ina njuutee e reedu. Ko ɓuri heewde ko lekki prokinetik ko wayi no metoklopramid ina waɗee ngam yaawnude naatgol nguura e nder ɓalndu. Sammba ƴiiƴam ɗam ƴettetee ko e maande 30 minit, caggal ɗuum kala hojomaaji 30 haa maande waktuuji ɗiɗi. Golle tripsin ina pooɗee, ina limtee e nder mooɓondiral 4 ngal. Test moƴƴo ina siforee ŋakkeende golle trypsin e nder limre sampleeji ɗii, ina hollita kadi ustaare golle eksokrin pankreas.

Test Lundh moƴƴo ina hollita ustaare golle eksokrin pankreas, kono e miijo ina waawi wonde moƴƴo so tawii ŋakkeende yaltinde kolesistokiniin ina woodi.

## Tuugnorgal
Maiden waist deformity

**Deformaasiyoŋ ɓalndu debbo** ko maande radiyoloji jokkondirnde e fibrose retroperitoneal, ngonka ka ummotoo ko e ɓeydagol ƴiiƴam fibrose e nder nokku retroperitoneal mo aldaa e sago. Fibrosis ina waawi yaajde e mbaydiiji ɓalndu ɓadtiiɗi, ina heewi huutoraade e haɗde ƴiye ɗee. Ndeeɗoo maande ina hollita waylo-waylo weeyo ngo ƴiiƴam ɗam waɗata : so fibrosis ina addana ƴiiƴam ɗam ɗiɗi fof ɓuuɓde e nder hakkundeere, ina waawi waɗde mbaadi "ɓiɗɗo debbo ɓuuɓɗo".

## Tuugnorgal
Amuria

**Amuria** ko wuro wonngo e diiwaan fuɗnaange leydi Uganndaa. Ko ɗum nokku mawɗo kominaaji, njuɓɓudi, e njulaagu e nder diiwaan Amuria, e nder diiwaan Teso.

## Wakere
Amuria woni ko 36,5 kiloomeeteer (23 mi), e laawol, to fuɗnaange Soroti, wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Teso.Amuria ina jooɗii fotde 151 kilometre (94 mi) fuɗnaange-rewo wuro Moroto, wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Karamoja keedɗo.

Amuria ina woɗɗi 327 kiloomeeteer (203 mi), e laawol, fuɗnaange-rewo Kampala, laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude e Uganndaa. Koɗkiiji wuro ngo ko:2°01'48.0" Fuɗnaange, 33°38'35.0"E (Njaajeendi:2.0300; Njuutirndi:33.6431). Wuro Amuria ina jooɗii e dow tooweeki 1 096 meeter (3 596 ft) dow tolno maayo.

## Ummatore
E hitaande 1991, limngal yimɓe leydi ndii ina hiisi wonde yimɓe wuro ngoo ina tolnoo e 2 600 neɗɗo. E hitaande 2010, Biro toppitiiɗo limgol leydi Uganndaa (UBOS) limtii wonde yimɓe leydi ndii ina tolnoo e 5 000 neɗɗo. E hitaande 2011, UBOS waɗii fotde 5 400 neɗɗo.

E nder duuɓi sappo gadani ɗii, keewal yimɓe wuro ngoo ina wayloo gila e 4 500 haa 30 000. Geɗe keewɗe ina mballita e ɓeydagol jaawngol yimɓe wuro ngoo, ina jeyaa heen :

1. Golle konu Lord’s Resistance Army ndokki yimɓe ɓee yaltude gure ɗee e nder wuro ngo sabu kisal ɓurngal moƴƴude e nder gure.

2. Karamojong en ina njana e gure e nder diiwaan Amuria ngam wujjude jawdi e bonnude kala jiɗɗo haɗde ɗum en. Wuro wonɓe e gure hoɗdiiɓe ɓee ina ɓadtoo wuro ngam daɗde e tikkere wuyɓe jawdi.

3. Moftude yimɓe heewɓe e nder cafrirɗe IDP, ɓe ngonaa ƴiiƴam, ɓe ngonaa e golle ko ɓuri heewde, ina addana ɓe ɓeydaade heewde golle e nder renndo, ɓe ɓeyda jibinannde e ɓeydagol jaawngol e nder yimɓe.

4. E cakkital hitaande 2007, LRA dartini golle mum to Uganndaa, ummiima to leydi Konngo, kono Karamojong en njokkii e njilluuji jawdi mum en.

E hitaande 2015, Biro toppitiiɗo limgol leydi Uganndaa, UBOS, hiisiima wonde keewal yimɓe Amuria e nder cakkital hitaande ko 7 500 neɗɗo. E hitaande 2020, UBOS limtii keewal yimɓe hakkunde hitaande ko 8 900 neɗɗo. E nder heen, 4 500 (50,6 e kala 100) ko worve e 4 400 (49,4 e kala 100) ko rewve. UBOS hiisiima keewal yimɓe wuro ngo hitaande kala ko ina tolnoo e 3,48 e nder teemedere, hakkunde 2015 e 2020.

## Yimɓe daartol
Hitaande Pop. ±%

1991 2 600 —

2010 5 000 +92,3%

2011 5 400 +8,0%

2015 7 500 +38,9%

2020 8 900 +18,7%

## wawru:
Toɓɓe nafooje

Toɓɓe nafooje ɗee ina tawee e wuro Amuria walla saraaji keeri mum :

1. Joɗnde njuɓɓudi diiwaan Amuria

2. Eklesiya Anglikan St. Andrew, nokku dewal jokkondirɗo e Eklesiya Uganndaa

3. Birooji Diisnondiral wuro Amuria

4. Lugge hakkundeeje Amuria, ko kañum woni nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e geɗe kese e nder wuro ngo

5. Laawol Soroti–Amuria–Abim–Kotido ngol rewi ko e hakkunde wuro ngoo e laawol kuuɓtodinngol ummoraade fuɗnaange haa worgo.

## Ƴeew kadi
Yimɓe Teso

Teso ɗemngal

Doggol gure e gure e nder leydi Uganndaa

Tuugnorgal
Wassel classification

**Senngo Wassel** ina huutoree ngam senndinde polidaktili radial, tuugnaade e tolno ɓurɗo ɓadaade duppitgol ƴiye.

## Senngo
SifaaToɓɓere duppiteedeIfalanse distalIIIjokkondiral hakkundefalange IIIfalanke ɓadiiɗoIVJokkondiral metakarpofalangeVMetakarpalVIJokkondiral karpometakarpalVIITrifalange

## Tuugnorgal
Trethowan's sign

**Maande Trethowan** ko nde laabi Klein taƴataa feccere bannge epifisis femoral toowɗo e dow rajo AP pelɓondiral.

## Kuutoragol kilinik
Maande Trethowan ina hollita ñawu nguu, hono epifisis femoral kapitaal ɓuuɓɗo.

## Ƴeew kadi

## Angle Sudwick

## Tuugnorgal
Thurstan Holland sign

**Maande Thurstan Holland** walla feccere, anndiraande kadi maande ŋorol jalboowo, ko feccere tokosere metafiis gonnde e ŋoral gonngal e ŋoral gonngal e fisik e nder ŋoral Salter–Harris sifaa II e IV.  Maande ndee inniraa ko innde gardiiɗo Liverpool e nder radiyoo, hono Charles Turstan Holland (1863-1941).

## Tuugnorgal
Thompson and Epstein classification

**Senngo Thompson** e Epstein ko feere renndinde ɓuuɓri caggal/ɓuuɓri hip..

## Senngo
SifaaSifaaIe walla tawa alaa ɓuuɓri tokosiriIIe ɓuuɓri mawndi gootol e rimre asetabular caggalIIIe ɓuuɓri cirƴam asetabularIVe ɓuuɓri les asetabularVe ɓuuɓri hoore femoral

## Ƴeew kadi

## Feccere asetabular

## Tuugnorgal
Tension band wiring

**tension band wire** ko sifaa fiɓnde nder ortopeedi feere huutorteende ngam waylude doole diisnondiral e doole ɓuuɓɗe, ngam wallitde sellinde ƴiye.[citation needed]

* Feccere olekranon
* Feccere patella
* Feccere malleolar

## Ƴeew kadi
Piye ortopedi

## Tuugnorgal
Sulcoplasty

**Sulcoplasty** ko feere seerndinde ƴiye waɗeteende e dow ŋoral (sulcus) walla e dow ŋoral gonngal e ƴiye keertiiɗe.  E nder seppooji daabaaji ina heewi huutoreede ngam safrude ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓuuɓri (patella luxating) tawa ina luggiɗina sulcus trochlear, woni ɓuuɓri gonndi e joofnirde femur ɗo patella heewi jooɗaade.

## Tuugnorgal
Waddell's triad

**Waddell's triad** ko sifaa gaañannde yi'eteende e sukaaɓe yahrooɓe e koyɗe ɓe otooji piy.i.  Triade oo ina waɗi :

* ɓuuɓri femoral
* ɓuuɓri nder reedu walla nder reedu
* ɓuuɓri hoore gonndi e bannge

Mekanisme ñawu nguu ko batte puɗɗaaɗe saabaade ñawu nguu bannge gooto (bumper injury) e torso oo bannge gooto (fender walla hood), caggal ɗuum cukalel ngel werlee, fiyra hoore mum e leydi walla huunde woɗnde, jogoo ñawu nguu e bannge goɗɗo oo e.  E nder leyɗeele ɗo otooji njahrata e bannge ñaamo, yahooɓe ina keewi fiyde e bannge nano, ina addana ɓe ɓuuɓde ɓalndu nano, ɓuuɓde e ɓalndu nano walla e ɓalndu, e ɓuuɓde hoore bannge ñaamo..

Hay so tawii noon ngalɗoo nanondiral ina waawi waasde heewde, ina huutoree ngam teeŋtinde toɓɓere nde sukaaɓe wonɓe e batte semmbe toowɗo fotaani sikkude ina njogii gaañanɗe ceertuɗe..

## Tuugnorgal
Wagstaffe–Le Fort avulsion fracture

**Feccere Le Fort e koyngal** ko feccere gonnde e feccere yeeso-hakkundeere fibula distal tawa ina waɗi avulsion ligament tibiofibulaire yeeso,luurondirde e feccere avulsion Tillaux-Chaput

Ko Leon Klément Le Fort sifotoo ñawu nguu e hitaande 1886..

## Ƴeew kadi
Feccere koyngal

## Tuugnorgal
Stay sutures

**Suturaaji stay** ko suturaaji seppooji wakkatiiji ɗi mbaɗetee e sahaa nde opereeji ɗii mbaɗata ngam jogaade walla huutoraade nokku opereeji ɗii. E nder opereeji gite,trakeostomi, sistolitotomi suprapubik, apendisektomi, ureterolitotomi, walla koledokolitotomi ina mbaawi waɗeede suturaaji jooɗɗi.  Ɗe mbaawi huutoreede ngam yuɓɓinde mbaydi e sahaa gooto ngam dartinde ɗum. Ɗuum ina waawi addande seerndoytooɗo golloraade ko ɓuri kisal e nder nokku hee, tawa alaa ko waawi heen wonde so wonaa ɓuuɓde e ɓuuɓde e nokku mum. Suturaaji jooɗɗi ina mbaawi kadi ustude ƴiiƴam e nokku ɗo ƴiiƴam keyɗam waawi jiiɓde. Heewi ittude ko e joofnirde seppo ngoo hade mum uddude taƴre ndee, hay so tawii noon eɗe mbaawi heddaade e nokku so tawii seppo ngoo miijii ɗe ngalaa ko bonnata ñawɗo oo. Kadi ina mbaawi waɗeede e joofnirde seppo strabismus ngam haɗde yitere ndee ruttaade e nokku mum. Suturaaji stay ina mbaawi huutoreede sahaa e sahaa fof e njuɓɓudi ñawbuuli seppooji. Suturaaji stay ina njooɗii e nokku mum en e ballal pinngi ƴiiƴam hemostatik.

## Ƴeew kadi

* Serklaas reedu

## Tuugnorgal
Splenic aspiration

**Aspiration** splénique ko ittude ndiyam e nder ɓalndu, ko heewi heen ko huutoraade ƴiiƴam laaɓɗam. Ina famɗi ɗo ɗum huutortee e safaara hannde. Ina hollitee tan e sahaaji hipersplenism, walla e sahaaji goɗɗi ɗi mawnugol ɓalndu ngol laaɓtaani. Teknik Moeschlin ko feere huutorteende ngam waɗde aspiraasiyoŋ ƴiiƴam. Ina woodi ciimtol huutoraade ngalɗoo karallaagal e ñawɓe kala azar.

## Tuugnorgal
Spleen transplantation

**Ko ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri** woni mbayliigu ƴiiƴam walla pecce mum ummoraade e neɗɗo gooto feewde e goɗɗo. Ko e wiɗto ngam ustude muñal immunologique wonande terɗe goɗɗe gonɗe e nder ɓalndu. Nafoore heɓaama e nder modeleeji rodent. Ko ɓooyaani koo, seedeeji keɓaama ngam batte tolerogenik e nder mbaydi mbaylaandi e nder weeyo miniature.[citation ina haani] Kadi, ƴiye ƴiye gonɗe e ƴiiƴam ƴiiƴam ƴiiƴam ƴiiƴam ƴiiƴam ƴiiƴam ɗam. Ko noon kadi, mbayliigu nguu waɗiraa ko e yimɓe jogiiɓe batte jillondirɗe.

## Ototraklantaasiyoŋ oto
Ɓoornugol ƴiiƴam ina waawi waɗeede e anniya caggal splenectomy, sibu won e ƴiye ina mbaawi huutoreede haa jooni, etaade hisnude won e golle splenik (e fawaade e faandaare haɗde OPSI). Heewi wonde ko accude geɗe parenkiima splenic e nder pooɗe omentum. Ɗuum noon alaa ko bonnata walla ko ina addana ɗum en waɗde caɗeele. Ɗum waɗiraa ko caggal nde splenosis faami ; splenosis woni reimplantation spontaneous e ƴiiƴam splenik e nokku goɗɗo e nder ɓanndu (ko ɓuri heewde e reedu) caggal nde ɗum taƴi e ƴiiƴam sabu mboros walla seppo.

E wiyde ƴeewndo 2020 e wiɗtooji jarriborɗi 18, ƴiiƴam gonɗam e ɓalndu ina feeña e golle, tawi 95% e ƴiye gonɗe e nder ɓalndu ina mbaɗa ƴellitaare (e nder scintigraphy) e 90% e ñawɓe wonduɓe e filmo ƴiiƴam normalisaa (ina hollita filtoraade ƴiiƴam gollal). Wiɗtooji ɗii fof ina kollita kadi moƴƴitingol tolno antibiotik. Seedeeji keewɗi ina ngoodi ngam ƴettude ciimtol ko fayti e tolnooji OPSI. E ñawɓe, 3,7% ina ngondi e caɗeele.

## Ƴeew kadi

* Ɓoornugol Accessoire – Nodule tokoose tawaaɗe e ɓanndu mawndu ɓalndu nduu
* Polysplenia – ŋakkeende ƴellitaare e nder mbaydi ƴiiƴam
* Splenectomy – Ittugol seerndoygol ƴiiƴam

## Tuugnorgal
Sergio Lais-Suárez

## Sergio Lais-Suares ko doktoor cafroowo to leydi Arjantiin. E hitaande 2007, o toɗɗaa Konsul tedduɗo leydi Indiya to Kordoba.

## Tuugnorgal
Labial frenectomy

**Frenektomi labial** ko frenektomi waɗeteeɗo e hunuko.

Frenulum labial, anndiraango kadi lip-tie, ina heewi jokkondirde e hakkunde leppi toowɗi ɗii e hakkunde dente ɗiɗi toowɗe yeeso ɗee. Ɗum ina waawi saabaade ɓuuɓri mawndi e ɓuuɓri gonndi e ƴiiƴam, so ittude ƴiiƴam ɗam e ƴiiƴam. Frenektomi labial ina itta ɓuuɓri labial. Ñawɓe ortodonti ina keewi waɗde ngalɗoo laawol ngam wallitde uddude ɓuuɓri dental yeeso. So leppi ñawɗo dental ina diwa, frenulum ina ɓuuɓna, ina loota dental ngal, ɗum ina waawi waasde welde. Ngolɗoo seppo ina heewi waɗeede ngam wallude dente ɗee no moƴƴiri. Frenectomy labial ina waawi addande neɗɗo ɓeydagol mawngol e batte ñamri.

## Tuugnorgal
Kock pouch

Poos Kock ko poos duunde mo ileum timmuɗo waɗi caggal kolektomi. Laawol ngol ina laaɓti, ngol adii waɗde ko e hitaande 1969 ko Doktoor Nils Kock. [ciimtol ina haani]

Kollitooje
Ileostomi cock pouch ina hollitee e ñawɓe ɓe mbaawaa waɗde anastomosis anal pouch ileal (IPAA) sabu maa anus e sfinkter anal ittu e nder opereeji ɗii ; e ñawɓe ɓe keɓata ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi caggal IPAA.

Kock pouch alaa e sago sosee e nder opereeji kolektomi gadani.[citation needed]

Matinolji
Poos oo ina waɗi 500ml haa 1000ml ngam waawde mooftude ƴiiƴam e nder sahaa gooto, ñawɗo oo alaa e sago jogoo saak stoma. Ɗum ina moƴƴina nguurndam ñawɗo oo. Valve ina feewnee e intussusception ileum timmuɗo,[2] ina waɗi ƴiiƴam mooftaaɗam.

Tuugnorgal
Kocher's point

**Toɓɓere Kocher** ko nokku naatoowo keewɗo rewrude e ƴiyal yeesowal ngam waɗde kateter nder reedu ngam yaltinde ndiyam cerebrospinal e nder reedu yeesooru reedu ɓalndu (ko ɓuri heewde ko bannge ñaamo). Nde woni ko e 2,5 santimeeteer (1 inch) bannge hakkundeere (ko ina wona 11 cm caggal nasion, walla 10 cm caggal glabella. E nder kanyulaasiyoŋ gonɗo e ɓalndu nduu, toɓɓere Kocher ina maantiniree toɓɓere naatgol, tee ina foti reeneede ko famɗi fof 1 cm yeeso sutura korona ngam waasde bonnude ɓalndu mooftirndu adanndu nduu (« strip moteur »). Ko ɓuri heewde huutoreede ko ngam ittude ƴiiƴam ɓalndu ngam safrude ñawu nguu.

## Ƴeew kadi

* Ventrikulostomi

## Tuugnorgal
Keen's point

**Toɓɓere Keen** ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ventrikulostomi kuutorteeɗi e nder seppooji ƴiiƴam, ko ɓuri heewde e safaara sukaaɓe ngam waɗde shunt ventrikuloperitoneal. Toɓɓere Keen ina woni 3 cm dow e 3 cm caggal helmere noppi. Gaska burr walla gaska ɓuuɓka tokoosa ina waɗee e nder ɓalndu to nokku Keen, ngam naatnude kateter e nder ɓuuɓri ngaandi ngam heɓde walla waylude ndiyam cerebrospinal. Laawol ngol ina waɗee ngam ƴeewde ñawu nguu e safrude ɗum.

## Tuugnorgal
Joel-Cohen incision

**Taƴre Joel-Cohen** ko taƴre ɓalndu huutorteende ngam seerndude ƴiiƴam. Ko taƴre juutnde, nde 3 cm les doggol jokkondirngol e ƴiye iliak toowɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala. Ina nanndi e taƴre Pfannenstiel, taƴre woɗnde ɓurnde huutoreede e nder seppooji jibinannde. Feere sesaare Joel-Cohen ɓuri tuugnaade ko e ƴettugol ɓuuɓngol, ɓuri feere Pfannenstiel aada. Feere Joel-Cohen ina famɗi no feewi e nguleeki, e jooɗaade e safrirde, e muusde caggal nde neɗɗo selli e ŋakkere ƴiiƴam so yerondiraama e Pfannenstiel. Waktuuji golle e kuutoragol analgesia kadi ina ustoo. Yanti heen, waktuuji potɗi ummoraade e leeso, yahde tawa ballal alaa e mum en e waktuuji ngam artirde feeñde e daande ɓalndu nanndunde ina pamɗi e fedde Joel-Cohen e fedde Pfannenstiel e nder wiɗto waɗaango e 153 debbo. E nder wiɗtooji ɗiɗi ɗii (e nder 411 neɗɗo) peeñninɗi taƴre Joel-Cohen e taƴre Pfannenstiel, taƴre Joel-Cohen ina jokkondiri e ustaare 65% e ñawu nguu caggal nde opereeji mbaɗi.

## Teknik
Taƴre ɓalndu ndee waɗaama 3 cm dow nokku ɗo taƴre Pfannenstiel ndee woni ɗoo. Ɓoornugol les ngol ina taƴaa e santimeeteeruuji tati hakkundeeji. Seerndude ƴiye banngeeji ɗii ko e junngo, fascia oo feccaa ko e diisnondiral ɓuuɓngal huutortoo koppi ɗiɗi ɗii fof. Ngolɗoo taƴre ina yaaji banngeeji ɗii e koppi ɗii.

## Tuugnorgal
Jejunojejunostomy

**Jejunojejunostomi** ko feere seppo huutorteende e anastomosis hakkunde pecce ɗiɗi jejunum. Ko sifaa bypass keɓoowo e nder ɓalndu. Ina waawi addande ustaare mawnde e njuuteendi golle ɓalndu. Ooɗoo feere kadi ina huutoree e seppooji Laparoskopi. Laawol seppo ngoo ina waawi addude caɗeele ko wayi no ɓuuɓri, ƴiiƴam, ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri ɓalndu, ɓuuɓri ɓalndu, trombose e ŋakkeende nguura.

## Tuugnorgal
Intervertebral disc annuloplasty

**Helmere annuloplastie disco intervertébral** ina hollita kala feere baɗaande ngam feewnude annulus disco intervertébral ɓuuɓɗo hade mum herniaade.

Anuloplasti elektorotermal nder diski
IDET (Annuloplastie électrothermique intradiscale) ko feere ƴeewndo ko ɓooyaani, nde alaa ko bonnata, nde waɗata ko ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi e nder disko mo ñawu nguu heɓtii oo. E nder ndeeɗoo ƴiiƴam, ko ɓoggol nguleeki rewata. So ɓoggol ngol yettiima diski oo, ngol ɓuuɓna haa 90 °C fotde hojomaaji sappo e joy. Nguleeki kii ina foti siifde kala ko ɓuuɓnata e nder ɓalndu diisnondirɗo oo, ina waawi kadi ustude jokkere enɗam, ɗuum ina waawi waɗde nokku oo waasde ɓuuɓde.

## Ƴeew kadi

* Biyakuplasti disko

## Tuugnorgal
Intracolonic explosion

**Puccitagol nder koloñaal walla puccitagol gaas koloñaal** ko puccitagol nder koloñaal neɗɗo sabu ɓuuɓgol gaasuuji puccitooji ko wayi no metan. Ɗum ina waawi waɗde e sahaa wiɗto koloñaal, sabu sifaa kuuɓtodinɗo kolonoskoop.

Puɗɗagol gaas koloñaal ina famɗi ; kono, batte mum ina mbaawi wonde perforaasiyoŋ koloñaal ɓuuɓɗo, baawɗo warde.

## Uja
Puccugol ina ummoo e kawral gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi ko wayi no hidrogen walla metan, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi ko wayi no oksijen, e nguleeki. Puccu ina waawi kadi arde e ñawu Crohn.

## Haɗde ɗum
Peewnugol ɓalndu e hakkille, ko wayi no laɓɓinde ɓalndu hade mum waɗde feere, ko huunde tiiɗnde ngam haɗde ɓuuɓri nder ɓalndu.

## Ƴeew kadi

* Fart lighting, ko anniya huɓɓude ɓuuɓri huutoraade ƴulɓe huɓɓude ko wayi no lampa

## Tuugnorgal
Instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion

**Fusion intercorporelle lumbaire postérieure (iPLIF)** ko feere huutorteende ngam safrude ñawu nguu e nder ɓalndu, ngu ummorii ko e ñawuuji ɓalndu ɓuuɓɗi. Ina waɗi fusiyoŋ toɓɓe ɗiɗi walla ko ɓuri ɗum huutoraade ɓoggi, ɓoggi, e graft hakkunde ɓalli. Ina jogii nafoore teoriije e fusiyoŋ posterolateral (iPLF) kuutorteeɗo, sibu ina rokka ballal ɓurngal moƴƴude e ɓalndu wondude e nafooje keewɗe potɗe heɓtaade to bannge neurologie, kono gila e hitaande 2011, seedeeji kollitooji batte moƴƴe e nder safaara ina ŋakki.

## Tuugnorgal
Inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy

**Limfadenektomi inuinofemoral** ko safaara gooto ngam ittude metastaas limfatik inguinofemoral tawa ina waɗi ko famɗi fof limfatik tati. Sabu kanseer rewɓe ina metastaas e nder ƴiye inguinofemoral ko ɗum woni nokku ɓurɗo teeŋtude e safaara gadano. Ñawu nguu ina yaaji gila e ƴiiƴam haa e ƴiiƴam ɓalndu, e ƴiiƴam ɓalndu, e ƴiiƴam Bartholin, kono ittude ƴiiƴam ɗam ɓuri teeŋtude e ittude ɗoon e ɗoon ɓuuɓri tokosiri, gonndi e nokku. Caɗeele ina mbaawi feeñde, ina jeyaa heen : leeltude sellinde ñawu nguu, ƴellitaare limfoseele, ƴiiƴam, ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, e ustaare ɓuuɓri e nder reedu ina gasa tawa ko ñawu nguu saabi ɗum ko ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam gonndi e ɓalndu nduu.

## Ƴeew kadi

* Doggol seppooji e sifaaji

## Tuugnorgal
Immunosurgery

**Immunosurgery** ko feere suɓngo ngam ittude ɓalndu yaajndu (trofoblast) e nder ɓalndu, rewrude e peeje sitotoksisite. Porotokol immunosurgery ina waɗi preincubation e antiserum, lootde ɗum e mediaaji ƴettugol ƴiiƴam ɓiɗɗo ngam ittude antibiotik, feeñnina ɗum ngam timminde, caggal ɗuum ittude trofoektoderm lysé e nder pipet. Ndee feere huutortee ko ngam seerndude ƴiiƴam nder ɓalndu blastocyst.  Jokkondire ƴiiƴam trofoektoderm e epiteliyoŋ tiiɗɗo ina "reena" ICM e jokkondiral antibiotik, tawa ina waɗa ƴiiƴam ɗam waasde naatde e makromolekule.

Immunosurgery ina waawi huutoreede ngam heɓde geɗe keewɗe laaɓtuɗe e nder ɓalndu e nder waktuuji seeɗa. ICM keɓaaɗo oo ina waawi ndeen huutoreede ngam wiɗtooji ƴiiƴam, ina moƴƴi huutoreede e ƴiiƴam mawɗam walla ɓiɗɗo gorko sabu ICM oo, alaa ko battini e mum so wonaa geɗe yaajɗe, ko wayi no taƴde ƴiiƴam ɗam e junngo. Kono so tawii njuɓɓudi mbaydi blastocyst ina ŋakki ko adii jarribo ngoo, ICM ina waawi heɓde feere immunologique. Nii woni, sifaa ɓiɗɗo kuutorteeɗo oo ina foti wonde darnde jarribo ngoo. Yanti heen, so huutoraade komplement ummoriiɗo e daabaaji, iwdi daabaaji ina jogii nafoore. Ɗe poti ko jogaade nokku keeriiɗo mo alaa pathogen ngam ɓeydude feere nde daaba oo heɓaani antibiotikuuji tawaaɗi e karbohidrat bakteriiji gonɗi e nder serum (ko waawi heɓde e daaba goɗɗo).

Solter e Knowles ƴettii feere adannde ngam haɓaade ñawu nguu e deftere maɓɓe winndaande e hitaande 1975 "Ceerno reenngo ɓalndu e blastocyst peƴooru". Ɓe kuutorii ɗum ko adii fof ko ngam janngude ƴellitaare ɓiɗɗo. Hay so tawii ko immunosurgery woni feere ɓurnde heewde huutoreede ngam seerndude ICM, jarribooji keewɗi moƴƴinii golle ɗee, ko wayi no huutoraade laser (ko Tanaka, et al. mbaɗi) e mikroo-manipulatoruuji (ko Ding, et al. mbaɗi) Ɗeeɗoo laabi kesi keɓtinaaɗi ina usta baasal e geɗe cellal daabaaji ummoriiɗe e cellal ICM, ina mbaawi ustude baasal e geɗe cellal daabaaji e nder ɓalndu caɗeele caggal ɗuum so tawii ƴiye ɓiɗɗo oo ina njuutee e neɗɗo ngam safrude ƴiye.

## Tuugnorgal
Ileojejunal bypass

**Bypass ileojejunal** ko opereeji jarriborɗi peewnaaɗi ngam safrude ñawu nguu.

Nde fuɗɗii waɗde ko e ñawɓe heewɓe to opitaal White Memorial, to Los Angeles, to Kaliforni, e cagataagal haa e darorɗe kitaale 1970. Gila ndeen nde woppitaa, sibu caɗeele ummoriiɗe e seppo ngoo, ko wayi no ŋakkeende nguura, ŋakkeende witaamin, ŋakkeende poroteyiin e albumin, ŋakkeende heege e reedu, e kaaƴe ƴiiƴam, ɓuri nafoore ndee no feewi. Ñawɓe heewɓe keɓnooɓe ndeeɗoo seppo, caggal ɗuum mbaɗii seppo mbayliigu.

## Tuugnorgal
Spiral fracture

**ɓuuɓri spiral** (a.k.a. ɓuuɓri torsion) ko ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam waɗata so torko (doole yirlaade) waɗaama e dow ŋorol ƴiiƴam. .Feccere spiral ina heewi waɗde so ɓanndu ina diwa tawa ko feccere wootere ina lelnee.  Yeru, ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam (spiral fracture) ina waawi waɗde e sukaaɓe tokosɓe so ɓe njippiima e koyngal juutngal e nder diwde.  Ngolɗoo kewu ina anndaa ko "feccere cukalel tokosel".  Feccere spiral ina anndaa kadi ina sikkaa e sukaaɓe tokosɓe no feewi nde tawnoo heɓde feccere hono ndee ina ɗaɓɓi ɓuuɓnude walla ɓuuɓnude terɗe ɗee e doole.  Naatgol sukaaɓe (naatgol ɓanndu) e won e ngonkaaji ko wayi no osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) ina njiytee ko seerndi so tawii ina anndita ɓuuɓri spiral walla torsion..

## Tuugnorgal
Seinsheimer classification

**Senngo Seinsheimer** ko feere renndinde ɓuuɓri hip subtrochanteric tuugiindi e mbaadi ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓalndu ɓalndu ɓadiiɗo.  Senngo ngoo ko Frank Seinsheimer III feewni ɗum e hitaande 1978. E nder golle bayyinaaɗe ɗee, ñawɓe capanɗe joyi e jeegom (56) ina safree e ɓuuɓri subtrochanteric, ɓuuɓri maɓɓe « renndinaama fawaade e limoore ɓuuɓri mawndi e nokkuuji e mbaadiiji laabi ɓuuɓri ».  Ndee ɗoo feere renndinde huutoraa ko ngam yuurnitaade jokkondire hakkunde sifaa ɓuuɓri e nafoore safaara.

Wiɗto caggal ɗuum feewde e 50 ɓuuɓri subtrochanteric, ƴeewndaaɗi e kuutoragol senngo Seinsheimer, ñiŋii feere senngo ngoo sabu ŋakkeende hoolaare hakkunde-rater.  Ɓe teskiima wonde "Wiɗtooji ɓennuɗi ko faati e ɓuuɓri wuddu pertrochanteric [sic] e femoral ina kollita wonde huutoraade laabi senngo ina heewi saɗtude, tawa ina famɗi nanondiral (Frandsen e woɗɓe 1988, Andersen e woɗɓe 1990, Gehrchen e woɗɓe 1993). Njeñtudi nanondiral men e tolno a  jannde. Nanondiral kuuɓtodinngal 26% walla ko ɓuri moƴƴude 60% jaɓaaka."Wiɗto ngoɗngo bayyinaango e hitaande 2014 ƴeewtiima peeje nay peccitagol subtrochanteric, ina heen peeje Seinsheimer, e ciimtol wonde "njuɓɓudi peccitagol subtrochanteric nayi ɗi mbaawaa rewtineede ina mbaawi wonde ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu  kuugal nyawndiigu.""

## Senngo
TipeDescriptionIless than 2mm displacementIIA2-feccere ɓuuɓndeB2-feccere ɓuuɓnde e trochanter tokooso jokkondirnde e feccere ɓadtiindeC2-feccere ɓuuɓnde jokkondirnde e feccere distalIIIA3-feccere ɓuuɓnde e trochan tokooso  feccere buubaajiIVFeccere ɓuuɓnde e pecce 4 walla ko ɓuri ɗumVFeccere e yaajde ɓadtiinde e nder trochanter mawɗo

## Ƴeew kadi
Feccere feso

## Tuugnorgal
Ruedi–Allgower classification

**Senngo Ruedi–Allgower** ko feere renndinde ɓuuɓri pilon e nder ƴiye distal..

## Senngo
SifaaSifaaIIDmoƴƴina kono mo ɓuuɓnaakaIIIDowla artikulaar mo ɓuuɓnaaka

## Ƴeew kadi
Feccere koyngal

Senngo Herskovici

Senngo Danis-Weber

Senngo Lauge-Hansen

## Tuugnorgal
Schenck classification

**Senngo Schenck** ko feere renndinde ɓuuɓri koppi tuugiindi e mbaadi ɓuuɓri ligamentooji keewɗi.  Ina famɗi e safaara sabu waasde siftinde baasal gonngal e nder ƴiiƴam.

## Senngo
SifaaSifaaGaañannde liggorde wootere (ACL walla PCL)IIIgaañannde e ACL e PCLIIIIgaañannde e ACL, PCL, e ko woni LCL walla MCL*KD-III gaañanɗe ina limtee e nder limlebbi KD-III-M walla KD-III-L fawaade e so tawii LCLner/caggal gaañannde M  to ACL, PCL, LCL e MCLVaññeeje keewɗe e ɓuuɓri periartikulaar

## Tuugnorgal
Sanders classification

E nder safaara ortopedi, **senngo Sanders** ko feere renndinde ɓuuɓri gonndi e nder reedu tuugiindi e limoore pecce reedu yiytaaɗe e natal CT koronaawiris to nokku ɓurɗo yaajde e faɗo caggal.

## Senngo
SifaaSifaaFaset caggal mo 6eydaakaIIDmoƴƴinaa e laabi peccitagol gootol e nder faɗo caggalIIIDisplaced e laabi peccitagol ɗiɗi e nder faɗo caggalIVKomminaa e laabi peccitagol ko ɓuri tati e nder faɗo caggal

## Ƴeew kadi
Feccere koyɗe

## Tuugnorgal
Ortobulleeji
Perkin's line

**Laral Perkin** ko laral ƴettaangal e rajo AP pelɓondiral gonngal e laral Hilgenreiner to banngeeji banngeeji kartilage triradiate asetabulum.

## Kuutoragol kilinik
Huutortee ko e jokkondire e doggol Hilgenreiner, doggol Perkin ina waɗi nafoore e ƴeewndo displasie ƴellitaare hippoode ;  epifisis femoral toowɗo oo ina foti wonde e nder ŋoral inferomedial e dow rajo-garaafi no woorunoo.  Dimngal lateraal fawaade e doggol Perkin ina hollita DDH.

## Tuugnorgal
Pauwel's angle

**Njuuteeki Pauwel** ko njuuteendi hakkunde diidi peccitagol daande feso e njuuteendi no yiyraa e radiyoo-anterio-posterior. Angle Pauwel inniraa ko innde doktoor Almaañnaajo biyeteeɗo Friedrich Pauwels. Naatnaa e hitaande 1935, ngool laawol woni senngo biomekaniik gadano wonande ɓuuɓri wuddu femoral, haa jooni ina huutoree.

## Kuutoragol kilinik
Ɓeydagol njuuteendi ina addana ɓuuɓol ɓurngol tiiɗde e ɓeydagol semmbe taƴgol e nokku ɓuuɓol ngol.  Ngolɗoo taƴre ina addana ɓeydagol tolnooji ɗi ngonaa dental.

## Senngo Pauwel
Njuuteeki I30°/50° 

## Tuugnorgal
Patient Specific Talus Spacer

**Lewru feebariyee** 2021, Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nguura e leɗɗe (FDA) jaɓii waɗde ƴiiƴam ɗam 3D ngam huutoraade ɗum e neɗɗaagu.[1]  Talus Spacer Patient Specific ko kañum woni gadano e winndere ndee, kadi ko kañum woni gadano e sifaa mum ngam lomtaade talus ;  ƴiyal e nder jokkere enɗam jokkondirngal koyngal e koyngal.  Implant oo ina huutoree ngam safrude nekrosis avaskulaar (AVN) e nder jokkere enɗam, ñawu nguu ina yaaji, ina yahra yeeso, ina addana ɓalndu maayde tawa ina ummoo e ŋakkeende ƴiiƴam e nokku oo.[1]  Implant ina rokka jokkondire sparing alternatiif e jokkondire goɗɗe ɗe keewi huutoreede e nder AVN e daawal gadanal baawngal haɗude dille jokkondire gonɗe e koyɗe.[1]

## Kuutoragol safaara
Talus Spacer keeriiɗo ñawɗo ko 3D tappirde mbaawnde huutoreede e seppooji lomtingol talus.[1]  Talus spacer ina waɗee e kala keɓoowo gooto gooto, tawa ina waɗi ko ina wona 100 000 mbuuɗu (CT) tawa ina jokkondiri e ɓanndu keɓoowo oo.[1]  E nder opereeji lomtinaaɗi ɗii, ƴiyal talus keɓoowo oo ittaa, lomtinee e ƴiiƴam, ko ɗum waɗi ko e mbaydi kobalt kromiyum.[1]  Anniya ngool laawol ko moƴƴinde dille e ustude mette wonande ñawɓe AVN ɓe so wonaa ɗuum ina njiɗi waɗde artrodesis walla amputation.[2]

## Tariya
FDA ƴeewtiima dokke ngam Talus Spacer keeriiɗo ñawɗo rewrude e peeje ƴettugol kaɓirɗe neɗɗankaagal (HDE).[1]  Humanitarian Use Device (HUD) ko kaɓirgal baawngal naftoraade yimɓe e safrude walla ƴeewtaade ñawu walla ngonka ka alaa ko ɓuri 8 000 neɗɗo e nder U.S. e hitaande kala.[1][3]

Dataaji ballitooji kisal e nafoore potnde wonde e Patient Specific Talus Spacer ina mbaɗi njeñtudi ñawɗo 31 e 32 opereeji lomtinaaɗi talus (ñawɗo gooto waɗii opereeji e koyɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala) e implant.[1]  E nder duuɓi tati caggal nde opereeji ɗii mbaɗi, ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓuuɓri ndii ustiima gila e "moderate haa severe" hade seppo ngoo haa e "mild" caggal nde opereeji ɗii mbaɗi, e cakkital dille e nder jokkere enɗam kadi ɓeydiima.[1]  Ɗee peeje ƴeewtaama e kuutoragol mbaydiiji limtooji (systèmes de scoring subjectives) ngam nafoore e golle.[1]

E nder duuɓi tati, e nder 32 ñawɗo, ina waɗi seppooji tati cifaaɗi ɓeydaaɗi.[1]  Ko ɓuri heewde e ko bonnata ɗum ko nafoore e ƴiye gonɗe e nokku ɗo opereeji ɗii mbaɗata ɗoo.[1]

FDA hokkii HDE yamiroore ngam ƴettude ñawɗo keeriiɗo Talus Spacer to Additive Orthopaedics, LLC.[1]

## Tuugnorgal
May–Grünwald stain

**Taƴre May–Grünwald** ina huutoree ngam taƴde ƴiye keɓtinaaɗe e aspiraasiyoŋ ɓuuɓɗo e nder laboratuwaar histopatoloji ngam ƴeewde ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe.

Heen sahaaji, ina hawra e mbaydi Giemsa, ina addana ɗum mbaydi Pappenheim (mbaydi May-Grünwald-Giemsa).

## Tuugnorgal
Mentzer index

**Indeks Mentzer,** mo William C. Mentzer sifotoo e hitaande 1973, ko MCV fecciraaɗo e limto RBC. Ina wiyee ina wallita e seerndude ŋakkere njamndi e sifaa talasemiya beta.

Innde Mentzer

=

MCV (fL)

RBC (miliyoŋaaji/

μ

L

)

{\binndol{Innde Mentzer}}={\frac {\binndol{MCV (fL)}}\mu L{\binndol{)}}}}}

Indeks oo hiisaama e njeñtudi limto ƴiiƴam timmungo. So tawii limre njuuteendi ɓalndu (MCV, e fL) feccii e limre ƴiiƴam mboɗejam (RBC, e miliyoŋaaji e nder mikroo-liiteer) ina famɗi 13, sifaa β-talasemiya ina wiyee ɓuri waawde. So tawii njeñtudi ndii ɓurii 13, ndeen ina wiyee ko ŋakkere njamndi ɓuri heewde.

Kuulal gonngal heen ngal ko nii siforii : E nder ŋakkeende njamndi, ƴiiƴam ɗam waawaa feewnude RBC no fotiri nii, tee ina famɗi (mikrositik), ko ɗum waɗi limoore RBC e MCV fof maa ustoy, ɗum noon, indeks oo maa ɓur 13. Ko wayno noon, e nder talasemiya, woni rafi limoore RBC ɓurnde famɗude kono ko ɓuri heewde e sintesis globin, ko ŋakkeende sintesis globin e ɓurde ɓuuɓde. Ko ɗum waɗi limoore RBC ina moƴƴi, kono MCV ina famɗi, ɗum noon indeks oo maa ustoy 13.

## Tuugnorgal

\text{Mentzer Index} = \frac{\text{MCV (fL)}}{\text{RBC (millions/}\mu L\text{)}}
Modified Maddrey's discriminant function

**ModifiedGolle diisnondiral Maddrey** (DF) ko mbaadi aadaaji ngam ƴeewde tiiɗnaare e ƴeewndo e nder hepatitis alkol e ƴeewtaade nafoore huutoraade safaara steroid hepatitis alkol. Njoɓdi Maddrey DF ko mbaydi limto teskaandi, ina renndina njoɓdi DF neɗɗo oo e ƴeewndo maayde e nder balɗe 30 walla 90.[laɓɓitingol ina haani] Njoɓdi Maddrey DF neɗɗo oo ina anndiree e ƴeewndo ƴiiƴam.

Golle diisnondiral Maddrey baylaaɗe ɗee, ko Maddrey e Boitnott cifondiri ɗum e fuɗɗoode ngam teskaade ko waawi arde e hepatitis alkol. Ina hiisee e foormula koolaaɗo kuutortooɗo waktu protrombin e njuuteendi bilirubin e nder ƴiiƴam:[citation needed]..

(

4.6

×

(

sahaa porotrombin

−

waktu ɗowgol

)

)

+

bilirubin e nder ƴiiƴam e nder mg/dl

Wiɗtooji garooji kollitii wonde ina waɗi nafoore e teskaade ñawu nguu e nder balɗe 30, haa teeŋti noon e maayde e nder balɗe 30. Nafoore ɓurnde 32 ina hollita batte bonɗe e maayde lewru wooturu ina wona hakkunde 35% e 45%. Kortikosteroid walla pentoksifiliin huutoraama e batte jillondirɗe wonande ñawɓe ɓe ɓeydagol maayde mum en hollirtee e nafoore ɓurnde 32.

Ngam hiisaade golle diisnondiral Maddrey kuutortooɗe yuɓɓooji SI, ko wayi no mikroomol e liiteer gooto, feccu teddeendi bilirubin e 17.

## Ƴeew kadi
Model ngam ñawu heege joofnirde

Cukalel-Pugh limre

Doggol 

## Tuugnorgal
Monocyte distribution width

**Njaajeendi peccitagol monositteeji** (MDW) ko parametru tuugiiɗo e sitometri, peewnoowo keewal mbayliigu monositteeji. So tawii parametru oo ina woodi, ina haalee e nder limto ƴiiƴam timmuɗam (CBC) tawa ina waɗi feere.

Parametru oo ko FDA laɓɓini ɗum kolliroowo sepsis arano wonande ñawɓe ER e hitaande 2019 wonande Beckman Coulter.

MDW ina waɗi kollirooje ƴeewndo sepsis ko yaawi e jokkondirde e CRP e PCT e seerndude pine ƴiiƴam fenaande.

## Tuugnorgal
Monoyer chart

**Kartal Monoyer ngal** ko Ferdinand Monoyer tagi ngal, ngal huutortee ko ngam ƴeewde ƴoƴre yiytere. O naatni innde makko e kartal ngal; janngude dow e banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof, kono so en ƴeewtindiima diidi gadani ɗii, innde "Ferdinand Monoyer" ina yiyee.

## Ƴeew kadi

## Kartal Snellen

## Ikon Stub
Ndee winndannde ƴeewndo safaara ko ɓuuɓri. Aɗa waawi wallude Wikipedia e yaajtinde ɗum.

## Tuugnorgal
Morse Fall Scale

**Morse Fall Scale** (MFS) ko feere yaawnde e hoybude ngam ƴeewde no ñawɗo waawi fadde. Ko ɓuri heewde e infirmiyee en (82,9%) ina limta tolno ngoo ko « yaawɗo e weeɓde huutoraade », tee 54% ina cikka wonde ina ɗaɓɓi ko famɗi fof hojomaaji 3 ngam limtude ñawɗo. "Eskaal oo ina waɗi geɗe jeegom kollitooje geɗe baawɗe addande neɗɗo dogde ko wayi no : (i) daartol dogdu, (ii) ƴeewndo ɗiɗaɓo, (iii) ballal yah-ngartaa, (iv) safaara gonɗo e nder ƴiiƴam, (v) sifaa yahdu e (vi) ngonka hakkille", tee ina hollita wonde ina jogii teskuyaaji teskaɗi e rewtinnde (interrater). MFS ina huutoree no feewi e nder nokkuuji toppitiiɗi cellal, e nder safrirde e nokkuuji toppitiiɗi ñawɓe juutɓe. Deftere huutoraade MFS ko : Haɗde ñawɗo ɓuuɓde (Morse, JM., Springer, 2008).

## Tuugnorgal
Abortion in the Marshall Islands

**Resde e nder duuɗe Marshall** ina laawɗi tan so tawii resde ndee ina hisna nguurndam debbo reedu oo. E nder duuɗe Marshall, hay so tawii safrooɓe ɓee njiytii wonde ruttaade ina waawi hisnude debbo oo, ina foti heɓde yamiroore e jom suudu mum, o waɗa wasiyaaji, o siyna kadi ɓataake jaɓoowo huutoraade sarwisaaji peewnugol ɓesngu caggal nde o waɗi safaara oo. Ko adii kala safaara jowitiingal e cellal jibinannde, sukaaɓe tokosɓe ina poti jaɓde jibinannde walla gardiiɗo.

E nder atoluuji 24 hoɗɓe, ko 2 tan (Majuro e Kwajalein) njogii nokkuuji baɗooji humpitooji ko faati e toppitagol hade e caggal jibinannde, reentaade jibinannde, e ballal jibinannde karallaagal. Sabu ruttaade e reedu ina waawi wonde feere suɓngo, won e rewɓe ina njiɗi ruttaade e hoore mum (rewrude e laabi nokkuuji walla gaadanteeji) walla ina mbaɗa goɗɗo fiyde ɗum en e reedu.

## Tuugnorgal
Abortion in the Solomon Islands

**Resde e nder duunde Suleymaani** ina laawɗi so tawii resde ndee ina hisna nguurndam yumma oo. To leydi Suleymaani, so tawii debbo ruttinaama e dow daliilu goɗɗo, bonnuɗo ɗum oo ina waawi faweede kuugal kasoo haa abada. Debbo baɗɗo reedu e hoore mum ina waawi kadi sokeede kasoo haa abada.

Kala ruttaade ina ɗaɓɓi yamiroore safrooɓe ɗiɗo kam e jom suudu debbo oo walla banndiraaɓe mum.

## Tuugnorgal
Abortion in Timor-Leste

**Resde e nder leydi Timor-Leste** ina laawɗi tan so tawii reedu nduu ina hisna nguurndam debbo oo, cellal mum fof, kadi so tawii reedu mum ko mboros, ko ɗum huunde nde Parlemaa waɗi e hitaande 2009. Pelle rewɓe e pelle ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje ina ɗaɓɓi nde sariyaaji jowitiiɗi e ruttaade ina mbaɗa geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder sukaaɓe.

To leydi Timor-Leste, kala ruttaade jaɓaa ngam hisnude cellal debbo ina ɗaɓɓi yamiroore safrooɓe tato. Rewrude reedu woɗndu nduu fof ko bonanndeeji, tee waɗoowo reedu nduu kam e debbo reedu oo ina waawi faweede kuugal duuɓi tati kasoo.

## Tariya
Sariya ruttaade e nder leydi Timor-Leste tuugii ko e sariya ruttaade e leydi Indoneesi laaminooɗo Timor fuɗnaange hakkunde 1976 e 1999, mo hesɗitinaama gila nde heɓi ndimaagu mum e hitaande 2002.

## Tuugnorgal
Abortion in Tonga

**Resde ɓiɗɗo e nder leydi Tonga** ina haɗi ɗum no feewi e sariyaaji tooñannge, sibu fotde resde ɓiɗɗo fof ko ko rewaani laawol. Resde ɓiɗɗo ina haɗaa e leydi Tonga, so wonaa tawa laamuuji safaara ina ciftora reende cellal yumma.

## Sariya leydi Tonga
•Resde ɓiɗɗo e nder leydi Tonga ina haɗee e kuulal 103 haa 105 sariya jowitiiɗo e bonanndeeji.

•Kuulal 103 ina waɗa njuɓɓudi dorog walla huunde bonnde walla huutoraade kuutorgal walla huutoraade kala feere tawa ina yiɗi heɓde ɓiɗɗo debbo walla suka debbo, ko huunde nde ñaawoore mum tolnii e duuɓi jeeɗiɗi kasoo.

•Kuulal 104 ngal ina waɗi bonannde e kasoo haa duuɓi tati so tawii debbo walla suka debbo ina ƴetta walla ina jaɓa waɗde ɗum kala ko ina addana ɗum ñawu nguu, walla huunde bonnde, walla huutoraade walla jaɓde huutoraade ɗum e hoore mum kala kuutorgal walla feere woɗnde tawa ina yiɗi heɓde ɓiɗɗo.

•Kuulal 105 ina sosa bonannde jowitiinde e kasoo fotde duuɓi nay wonande kala jogiiɗo walla soodoowo kala ko ina addana neɗɗo heɓde ñawu nguu, walla huunde bonnde, walla kala kuutorgal tawa ina anndi ina huutoree ngam soodde mboros oo.

•Yanti heen, sariya jowitiiɗo e jolngo leydi Tonga ina addana yimɓe jolneede e leyɗeele toɗɗaaɗe so tawii ɓe tuumaama e nder ɗeen leyɗeele e bonanndeeji jowitiiɗi e ruttaade.

## Tuugnorgal
Abortion in Vanuatu

**Resde ɓiɗɗo e nder leydi Vanuatu** ina haɗee no feewi e sariyaaji ñaawoore. Resde ɓiɗɗo ko huunde nde rewaani laawol e nder kuule 117 sariya kuuɓtodinɗo leydi Vanuatu, sariya 17 walla 7 ut 1981. Kodduwaar oo hollitii wonde kala debbo baɗɗo anniya mum ina waawi faweede kuugal duuɓi ɗiɗi kasoo.  Resde ɓiɗɗo ko huunde nde sariya haɗi so tawii ko e mboros, e mboros, e kulhuli cellal ɓiɗɗo. Ko rokketee ngam ruttaade tan ko "ngam dalillaaji safaara moƴƴi", ko ciimtol Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe firti ko ngam hisnude nguurndam debbo reedu oo e hisnude cellal ɓanndu e hakkille mum. Kuulal 113 ngal, wiyi wonde "Alaa fof neɗɗo, so debbo ina jogori jibinde ɓiɗɗo, haɗde ɓiɗɗo oo jibineede ina wuuri, tawa ko e kala gollal walla ŋakkeende sifaa, tawa noon, so tawii ɓiɗɗo oo jibinaama ina wuuri, ina joginoo, ndeen maaya..." hay so tawii noon haala italik ka ina laaɓti e maanaa mum

## Ruttaade e hoore mum
Fedde cellal ɓesngu Vanuatu hollitii laabi keewɗi ɗi rewɓe kuutortoo ngam ruttaade e koye mum en, ina jeyaa heen huutoraade leɗɗe nokkuuje walla ƴiye lekki. Rewrude e reedu hono ndee tawa ko e yaasi njuɓɓudi safaara ina addana nguurndam rewɓe, sibu hay njillu nguu ina waawi wonde ko yaawi so tawii oon nokku safaara alaa kaɓirɗe ngam feewnude kala ko boni.

## Tuugnorgal
Abortion Rights Coalition of Canada

**Koolaaɗo kuuɓal Rewɓe Kanadaa** (ARCC) ko fedde toppitiinde hakkeeji rewɓe Kanadaa sosaande e hitaande 2005. Headarinor to Vancouver, Kolommbi Biritaan, ko hannde tan woni fedde politik e nder Kanadaa, nde gollotoo ko e golle jojjanɗe aadee e dow toɓɓere ngenndiire.

## Ɓawo
Kanadaa ina siynee e les njiimaandi hakkunde leyɗeele ko faati e faggudu, renndo, e pinal, kono ina waasa jogaade tolnooji cifaaɗi e nder mum ko fayti e ruttaade. Won e rewɓe e nder leydi Kanadaa ina njogii caɗeele haa jooni heɓde sarwisaaji rewrude e jibinannde sabu fotde 80% e opitaaluuji ɗii mbaɗataa ɗum en. Caɗeele goɗɗe ngam ruttaade to Kanadaa ina njeyaa heen seppooji caggal nokkuuji ɗo ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii mbaɗata ɗoo. *Legislation* waɗaama ngam yiɗde dartinde ɗeen seppooji.

## Data base
Koolaaɗo kuuɓal Rewɓe Kanadaa ina rokka doggol laaɓtungol kilinikuuji rewrude e diiwaan e sahaa ɓurɗo mawnude e jibinannde nde kilinik oo rokkata ruttaade. Ngalɗoo humpito ina tawee e ɗemngal Engele e Farayse, e Mandarin. Ndee lowre ina jogii kadi kaɓirɗe goɗɗe, ina heen humpitooji ko faati e jokkondire e no keɓirta ballal kaalis ngam njoɓdi yah-ngartaa, kaɓirɗe caggal-safaara, toppitagol sukaaɓe e haajuuji goɗɗi ceertuɗi.

## Ƴeew kadi
•Rewde to Kanadaa

•Ligue des Étations de l’action de l’Anadian

•Karavan ruttaade

## Tuugnorgal
Aktion Leben

**Aktion Leben** (innde **timmunde leben österreich**) ko fedde haɓantoonde sukaaɓe e nder Otiris.

## Hubaru
Aktion Leben ko fedde nde rokkata wasiyaaji e ballal rewɓe reeduɓe. Ɓe njanngina kadi sukaaɓe e mawɓe rewrude e nate e natal ngam heɓde ɓe waɗde kuule ngam haɓaade mboros oo. Ngam etaade jannginde sukaaɓe tokosɓe, ɓe mbaɗii pijirlooji ngam maɓɓe. Fedde nde ina jogii daande luulndiinde sukaaɓe e nder politik e nder renndo. njuɓɓudi ina wasiyoo e wallitde rewɓe e galleeji ɗi nganndu-ɗaa ina poti wonde e nder reedu mo ɓe peewnaani, ina waawi wonde e nder caɗeele. Ɓe ndokka kadi jaŋde jokkere enɗam wonande sukaaɓe e sukaaɓe hannde. Ina woodi kadi kursuuji janngirɗe mawɓe ceertuɗi. Won geɗe ɗe kadi ina ngoodi wonande yiɗɓe ɓe. Kaɓirɗe ɗee ina njogii batte ɗe addanta yimɓe teddinde nguurndam mum en, ina jeyaa heen :

brochures

kaɓirɗe jannginirɗe

pijirlooji jaŋde 

## Resooji
Aktion Leben ina jogii jokkondiral e ɗeeɗoo juɓɓule:

Fedde winndereere toppitiinde ko fayti e safaara e safaara e nder reedu e safaara (ISPPM)

Prenet - Netzwerk für kritische Auseinanderzung mit Pränataldiagnostick (Ntwork ngam ƴeewtaade no feewi ƴeewndo ko adii jibineede)

Resooji ngam ƴellitde cellal hakkunde-leyɗeeji e nder reedu, e jibinannde e cukaagu

## Tuugnorgal
Osteochondritis

**Osteokondritis** ko sifaa osteokondroosis mettuɗo ɗo ƴiiƴam walla ƴiyal e nder jokkondire ɓuuɓnata.

Ina heewi firde ko ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam (OCD).  Helmere dissecans ndee firti ko "taggol ɓuuɓri kartilage ɓeydotoondi seertude e jokkondire mum leslese (dissecans)".

Nokkuuji goɗɗi anndaaɗi ɗii ko osteokondritis deformans juvenilis (osteokondritis hoore kapitular epifisis femur)e osteokondritis deformans juvenilis dorsi (osteokondritis verdemans juvenilis dorsi, anndiraa kadi ko Sspiechuners  ñawu nguu)..

Osteokondritis, haa teeŋti noon e osteokondritis dissecans, ina waawi feeñde e daabaaji, ko ɗum huunde adannde saabaade dysplasie elbow, ko ñawu nguu ina jokki e won e mbaydiiji pucci.

## Tuugnorgal
Orthopaedic Studio

**Orthopaedic Studio** ko kuutorgal baɗaangal ngam wallude annduɓe ortopedi waɗde ƴeewndorɗe keewɗe keewɗe baɗɗe faayiida, tuugiiɗe e natal x-ray gonngal e mbaydi.

Kuutorgal ngal huutortee ko no plugin ngam ƴeewde natal safaara OsiriX e ɗuum tan dogata ko e Mac OS X.

Suudu Ortopedi ina ƴeewtoo sifaaji nay ceertuɗi e radiyoo hip (daroowo yeeso caggal, Von Rosen, profil fenaande e paaɓi).  E dow ɗeen natal ina waawi fotde limre njuuteendi, njuuteendi njuuteendi, ina heen

: 

* Njuuteeki ligament kolateraal bannge
* Tönnis ko njuuteendi
* Njaajeendi nokku jokkondirɗo
* Tilde e yirlaade pelɓondiral
* Njuuteeki daande hakkundeere yeeso
* Rajo offset hoore-wuddu femoral
* Angle Alfa paawngal
* Paaɓi wayliima njuuteendi Alfa ngam epifisis femoral (SCFE)
* Epifisis-metafisis ko mbaydi SCFE
* Angle Sudwick ngam SCFE

Ko ɗeeɗoo limlebbi yiyteede kadi ina mbaawi winnditeede :

* Feccere e liggey Shenton
* Maande taƴre
* Maande mahol caggal
* Senngo Tönnis
* Koolaaɗo kuuɓal

## Tuugnorgal
Hydrodissection

**Hidrodisseksiyoŋ** ko huutoraade ɓuuɓol ndiyam gonngol e dow mum ngam seerndude ƴiye e nder seppo. Ina heewi huutoreede ngam ƴellitde diƴƴe ƴiye walla feccude ƴiye softuɗe ɗe ngalaa caɗeele no feewi e diisnondiral huutoraade kuutorgal taƴoowol. Huutoraade doole potɗe maa nde tesko rewde laawol ɓurngol famɗude doole ngol ɓadtii tiimngal jettooɗe ɗee.

## Kuutorɗe
E nder seppooji katarakt ina huutoree ngam yaltinde ƴiiƴam ɗam e nder kapsul mum, tawa ina yaltina ƴiiƴam ɗam jokkondirɗam e kanndaa les ɓuuɓri kapsul yeesoori, ndi ƴettata ƴiiƴam ɗam e nder ƴiiƴam ɗam. E ardude e doggol ngol, seppo ngoo ina ƴetta membrane oo e banngeeji ɗii e caggal kapsul oo haa lenyol ngol loota haa laaɓa cer, ko ɗum woni ko adii fakoemulsifikaasiyoŋ walla ittugol ekstrakapslar toowngol. Hidrodisseksiyoŋ ina huutoree kadi e nder seppooji kuuɓtodinɗi ngam yaltinde nerwel ngel nanngaa walla ngam ustude ƴiiƴam nder seppooji.

## Ƴeew kadi

* Opereeji katarakt

## Tuugnorgal
Darrach's procedure

**Laawol Darrach walla distal ulna resection** ko feere seppo ngam ittude hoore ulna e seppo. Ina waɗee e sahaaji ɓuuɓri gonndi e radial–ulnar e ŋakkeende dartagol. Laawol styloid e jokkondire muskulaaji ina keddii e mbaydi. Lowre e ŋakkeende darnde ina mbaawi ƴellitaade caggal nde golle ɗee mbaɗi. Ɓuri moƴƴude ko e ñawɓe mawɓe ɓe ɗaɓɓaande ɓalli mum en ina famɗi...

## Tuugnorgal
Hofmeister–Finsterer operation

**Operation Hofmeister-Finsterer** ko ƴettugol reedu feccere, ko Franz von Hofmeister feewni ɗum, tuugnii ko e peeje ɗe Eugen Pólya waɗi. Caggal ɗuum Hans Finsterer laaɓtini ɗum, ɗum anndiraa gastrektomi Hofmeister-Finsterer. Ɗoo feccere toownde e taƴre reedu ndee ina udditee, feccere lesre heddiinde ndee ina anastomosee e jejunum.

## Tuugnorgal
Denis classification

**Senngo Denis** ko feere renndinde ɓuuɓri sakral.

## Senngo

## Sifaa Zone
I Feccere bannge to foramen sakral

II Feccere rewrude e ɓuuɓri sakral

III Feccere hakkundeere e ɓuuɓri sakral yaajndi e nder ɓuuɓri ɓalndu

## Tuugnorgal
HipNav

**Ko HipNav** woni laawol gadanol ngol opereeji ballitooji ordinateer ƴelliti ngam ardude e seppo ngoo e nder seppooji lomtingol hip total. Nde feewnaa ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Carnegie Mellon. Karallaagal paten ngal ko yamiroore yalti e Carnegie Mellon, sosɓe CASurgica, Inc. Caggal duuɓi keewɗi e etaade yeeyde HipNav, sosiyetee oo follii haa jooni. Sosɓe CASurgica caggal ɗuum sosnoo Blue Belt Technologies, Inc.

## Tuugnorgal
Abortion in Tuvalu

**Resde ɓiɗɗo e nder leydi Tuvalu** ina laaɓi tan so tawii resde ɓiɗɗo oo ina hisna nguurndam yumma oo. So tawii debbo ruttinaama e dow daliilu goɗɗo, bonnuɗo oo ina fawee duuɓi sappo kasoo. Debbo baɗɗo ɓiɗɗo mum ina waawi sokeede haa nguurndam mum fof.

## Tuugnorgal
Osteitis

**Osteitis** ko ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam.  Ko ɓuri teeŋtude, ina waawi firtude gootal e ɗeeɗoo sarɗiiji :

* Osteomielitis, walla osteyitis gonɗo e ñawu nguu, ɓuri heewde ko osteyitis bakteriiji
* Osteitis alveolaire walla "soket joorɗo"
* Osteitis ɓuuɓɗo (walla Osteitis ɓuuɓɗo)
* Osteitis deformans (walla ñawu Paget mo ƴiye)
* Osteytis fibrosa cystique (walla Osteytis fibrosa, walla ñawu Von Recklinghausen e ƴiye)
* Osteitiis pubis
* Osteytis radiyee
* Osteitiis ko ɓuuɓri ilii
* Panosteitis, ko ñawu ƴiye juutngu e nder puɗi mawɗi[4]
* E nder pucci, osteitis pedal ina heewi jillondirde e laminitis.

## Ƴeew kadi
Osteokondritis

Sindoron SAPHO

## Tuugnorgal
Dynamic hip screw

**Vis hip dynamique** (DHS) walla Fixation screw sliding ko sifaa gonɗo e ɓalndu, baɗaaɗo ngam fiɓde won e mbaydiiji ɓuuɓɗi hip, baawɗo huutoraade ɓuuɓnugol dinamiik gonɗo e hoore femoral e dow konngol ngol.[citation needed] Ko ɓuuɓol ɓurngol huutoreede ngam ɓuuɓnude olpolar o comstero the ofcap, ñawɓe. Ina waɗi geɗe 3 e nder ƴulɓe hippoode dinamiik, ina heen ƴulɓe lag (naatnaaɗe e daande feso), ƴulɓe banngeeji e ƴulɓe kortikaal keewɗe (fiɓnde e nder ƴulɓe ɓalndu ɓadtiiɗe). Miijo gonngo e ɓuuɓri dinamiik ko wonde komponent hoore feso ina waawi yahde e dingiral gootal ; nde tawnoo ƴiye ina njaaboo e baasal diƴƴe, ƴiye jibinannde ina mbaawi heɓde sellinde adannde : ƴiye ina njokkondiri e keeri, ɗum addana jokkondire tiiɗɗe ɗe ngalaa ko njiɗi waylude.

## Nate ɓeydaaɗe
Feccere ina wallita e vis hip dinamiik

## Tuugnorgal