Gnawa

**Gnawaa** ( / ɡ ( ə ) ˈnɑːwə / ) (walla **Gnaawa**, **Ganawaa**, **Ganawi**, **Gnawi'.** ; Arab:  ) ko leñol hoɗngol e nder leydi ndii, Maruk ɓe ngaddanoo maccuɓe ummoraade Saahal hirnaange Afrik.

Daartol Gnawa ina jokkondiri e daartol Laamu Maruk biyeteeɗo "Garde ɓaleejo", e helmere "Gnawa", keewal "Gnawi", ummorii ko e ɗemngal Hawsa .

Jimol Gnawa ngol winndaa ko e hitaande 2019 e nder doggol wakilaaɓe ndonu pinal neɗɗaagu ngu alaa ko woni e mum. 

## Tariya
Ina sikkaa wonde leñol Gnawa ummorii ko e diiwaan Sahel to Afrik hirnaange, joginooɗo daartol juutngol e jokkondiral njulaagu e politik e Maruk .   Gnawa en ko leñol addungol Maruk ngam wonde maccuɓe, iwdi mum en ummorii ko e nokkuuji Afrik hirnaange. Caggal nde maccungaagu mumtaa, ɓe naati e diine suufiyankooɓe to diiwaan Magrib.  Nde ɓe njaɓi diina lislaam, Gnawa jokki e mawninde jeyi aadaaji e nder juuldeeji baɗaaɗi ngam waɗde jeyi e kulol. Ndeen dewal wiyetee ko *Jedba* (Aarabeere).

## Fijo e jimɗi
Miijo Gnawa ina hawra e suufiyaŋkaagal lislaam gaadanteewal e aadaaji yimɓe Afrik ko adii gargol lislaam. Konngol yimooɓe Gnawa ina heewi firtude yimɓe waɗooɓe kadi golle diine. Golle sellinde ina njokkondiri no feewi e aadaaji jimɗi Afriknaajo ko adii Lislaam, ganndiraaɗi Bori e nder pinal Hausa en. E nder pinal Marok ɓurngal lollude, Gnawa en, rewrude e kewuuji mum en, ina njiytee ko annduɓe e safrude maagiyaŋkaagal e ñawu nguu e ñawu hakkille. Ɓe cellina ñawuuji e huutoraade kalaaji, natal pinal, uurooje e kulol.

Gnawas ina fija jimɗi luggiɗɗi  hipnotik (trance) ɗi nganndu-ɗaa ko jimɗi ɓutti, ɓuttiɗi, ɗi njimri mum en ina fija e dow luulndo ngo leppi ɓuuɓɗi, ina wiyee *sintir* walla *guembri* . Laawol nanndungol e harfeere e nder jimɗi Hawsa en, ko noddaango e jaabawol, fiyngo, e jimɗi biyeteeɗi (keewgol *karkaba* ). Juuldeeji Gnawa ina kuutoroo jimɗi e jimɗi ngam siftinde seniiɓe taaniraaɓe ɓe mbiyi ina ndokka sellinde.

Gimɗi Gnawa keɓii njeenaari e nder winndere ndee. Musiɗɓe hirnaange heewɓe, ko wayi no Bill Laswell, Brian Jones, Randy Weston, Adam Rudolph, Klaus Doldinger, Tucker Martine, Robert Plant, Jacob Collier e Jimmy Page, ina njiyloo e ina ngollodoo e yimooɓe Gnawa hono banndiraaɓe Mahmuud Guinia e Mokhtar Gania mo Essaouira. , banndiraaɓe Mustafaa Baqbou & Ahmed Baqbou, Abdelkebir Merchane, Brahim Belkani, kamɓe fof ɓe ummorii ko Marakech, e Hamid El Kasri e Abdelkader Amlil ummoriiɓe Rabat e maayɗo Ahmida Boussou e Saïd Oughassal ummoriiɓe Kasablanka, kamɓe fof ɓe tawtoraama mawningol hitaande kala Essa. Won e aadaaji ina njiytoo jokkondiral jamaanu ko barke jillondirɗo, accude walla waylude aadaaji ceniiɗi ngam ɓeydaade waɗde njulaagu. Naalankooɓe winndereyankooɓe winndooɓe ko wayi no Hassan Hakmoun, naatnii jimɗi e jimɗi Gnawa e yimɓe hirnaange rewrude e wideyooji e jimɗi.

Caɗeele jimɗi Gnawa ko Marakech, Tanger, Rabat, Kasablanka, Fes e Essaouira, tawaaɗi e fuɗnaange-rewo Maruk ɗo ñalɗi jimɗi hakkunde leyɗeele Gnaoua waɗetee hitaande kala. Gnawaaɓe Marakech ina mbaɗa juulde mum en hitaande kala e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Moulay Brahim e nder koye Atlas e saraaji Moulay Abdullaah bin Tsain e nder wuro Tamesloht hakkunde Marakech e wuro Amizmiz. Mawningol ngol ina waɗee e ko yowitii e ñalngu nguu Muhammadu jibinaa.

Gnawa en Khamlia ina mbaɗa juulde mum en hitaande kala e lewru ut to wuro Khamlia to Erg Chebbi. 

E joofnirde, ina woodi leñol keeriiɗo to Gnawa ina wiyee Ganga. Ganga en ummorii ko Afrik worgo Sahara, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ina kaala ɗemngal Tashelhait, ina tawee e Haha hakkunde Essaouira e Agadir e nder falnde Sous saraaji gure ko wayi no Agadir e Taroudant. Ɓe njimataa *guimbri*, ɓe mbaɗata tan ko e jimɗi biyeteeɗi *kouyou*, fiyde *krakeb* e mbaydiiji mawɗi biyeteeɗi *tebel* walla *ganga*, ko ɗum jeyi e ñalɗi gnawa ñalnde kala.
File:Gnaouas_d'Oran_(Algérie)_avec_leur_geumbri.JPG|link=Fayil:Gnaouas_d'Oran_(Algérie)_avec_leur_geumbri.JPG|alt=Gnaouas from Oran with their guembri.| Gnaouas ummoriiɓe Oran e gumbri mum en.
File:Gnaoua_in_a_North_African_Interior.jpg|link=Fayil:Gnaoua_in_a_North_African_Interior.jpg|alt=Gnaoua in a North African Interior| Gnaoua to Afrik worgo
File:Musicien_nègre,_J._Geiser,_Alger.jpg|link=Fayil:Musicien_nègre,_J._Geiser,_Alger.jpg|alt=Gnawa from Algiers with his guembri (circa 1906) by Jean Geiser (1848-1923).| Gnawa ummoriiɗo Alseri e guumbri (hedde 1906) mo Jean Geiser (1848-1923) winndi.
File:AncientGnawa.jpg|link=Fayil:AncientGnawa.jpg|alt=Gnawas circa 1920s| Gnawas ko hedde kitaale 1920
File:معلم_الگناوة.jpg|link=Fayil:معلم_الگناوة.jpg|alt=Music Teacher| Jannginoowo jimɗi
File:فنان_كًناوي_ف_سور_سلا.jpg|link=Fayil:فنان_كًناوي_ف_سور_سلا.jpg|alt=Gnawa singer in Salé, Morocco.| Jimoowo Gnawa to Salé, leydi Maruk .
File:Moore-Gnawa.jpg|link=Fayil:Moore-Gnawa.jpg|alt=Gnawa Musicians, by Harry Humphrey Moore.| Yimɓe Gnawa, nde Harry Humphrey Moore winndi.
File:DANSE_GNAOUI_A_TIMMOUN_021.jpg|link=Fayil:DANSE_GNAOUI_A_TIMMOUN_021.jpg|alt=A group of Gnawas dance to a song.| Fedde Gnawas ina yima e jimɗi.


## Annduɓe

* Ibiblio.org: Labarun Gnawa: Mawakan Mawaƙin Sufi daga Maroko
* gnawa a gidan yanar gizon ma'aikatar sadarwa ta Morocco
* WorldMusicCentral.org
* PTWMusic.com: gnawa ta Chouki El Hamel a Jami'ar Duke Disamba 1, 2000
* Etymology na "Gnawa" daga *Encyclopædia Britannica*
* Ben Saidi, A (2003) Amazigh Kateb Yassin ya tattauna Maghreb Blues da Ghanawa Music-wani yaduwar Berber, nau'ikan Larabci.

## Janngu ko heewi

* Bernasek, L e Burger, HS (2008) *Miijo!* *: Nafoore e karallaagal e nder nguurndam berbeer en*, Jaaynde Peabody
* 1996) *Imazighen: Pinal rewɓe berbeer en majjuɓe*, Thames & Hudson Ltd, Londres, Angalteer
* El-Gisassi, H. (2006) *Ko fayti e Laaruk Mohamed VI*, Michel Lafon
* Ennaji, M (2005) *Ɗemɗe keewɗe, maandeeji pinal e jaŋde e nder leydi Maruk*, Springer, New York, Amerik
* Harris, W. (2003) *Maruk e Was*, Defte Eland, Londres, Angalteer
* Hart, DM (2000) *Leñol e renndo e nder laddeeji Maruk*, Bayyinooɓe Frank Cass
* Kono, M (2005) *Maruk: Ƴellitaare Lislaam e caɗeele goɗɗe*, Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Oxford, New York, Amerik
* Hoffman, K. E. (2008) *Koɗorɗe renndinde: Ɗemngal, Leñol, e Jinnaaɗo e nder Maruk Berber*, Wiley-Blackwell
* Maxwell, G (2000) *Joom en Atlas*, Weydenfeld e Nikolson kollitooje
* Maxwell, G (2002) *Jibnaaɓe Atlas: Ummagol e ŋakkeende galle Glaoua* 1893-1956, jaaynde Lyons
* 1995) *Laamuuji Ganaa, Mali, e Songhay: Nguurndam e nder Afrik hakkundeejo*, Henry Holt e Co. LLC
* Pennell, CR (2003) *Maruk: Gila e laamu haa e jeytaare*, Jaayɗe winndere wootere
* Pennel, CR (2001) *Maruk gila 1830: Daartol*, Jaaynde NYU, Amerik
* Porch, D (1983) *Haɓre Maruk - Daartol Farayse e njiimaandi koloñaal mawndi cakkitiindi, Hare juutnde ngam heɓtude Laamu hakkundeejo e peeje e doole kaɓirɗe* 1903 &#x2013; 1914, Knopf
* Porch, D, 2nd Ed (2005) *Sindoron Saharaa*, Ferraar, Straus e Giroux
* Rogerson, B & Lavington, S Ko (2004) *Marakech winndi, Wuro boɗeejo: Wuro ngo e gite winndooɓe*, Defte lewru sickle

## Jokkondire yaajɗe

* Gnawa.net 
* Ɓooygol gonngol e nder leydi hee.html
* 1052 : 1052 : 1052 : 1052 : 1052
* Ko ɗoon woni ɗo njiyloto-ɗaa ɗoo e lowre ndee, ko ɗum woni ko wiyetee « prep-cncfr.seevia.com/idc/data/Cnc/Recherche/fiche2.asp?idf=3313
* Essaouira to Duɗal Muusik Aduna
* gnawa e lowre brik
* Miijo Gnawa
* http://www.festival-gnaoua.net - Koolol Essaouira Gnaoua e jimɗi winndere