Tomaas Sippendaal

**tomaas sippendaal** Desinuuji ɗii ina njiytee ko no mbaydiiji Biritaannaaɓe hannde ɗii nii, e mobelaaji oon sahaa, jooni noon ina njiytee e winndere ndee kala. O wirnaa ko ñalnde 16 noowammbar hiitande ndungu alif 1779, e wiyde binndanɗe St Martin-in-the-Fields, e nder yanaande gila nde Galle ngenndiijo mahi e dow mum . Mobel Chippendale ina jogii nafoore mawnde; kabine padouk mo ndokkanoo ngam yeeyde e hitaande 2008, soodaa ko 2 729 250 £. 

## Ngendam

Chippendale jibinaa ko to Otley e nder leydi Angalteer e lewru suwee 1718. O lootaa ko ñalnde 5 lewru nduu.  Ko kanko tan woni ɓiɗɗo John Chippendale (1690-1768), jokkondirɗo, e debbo makko gadano Mary (jibinaa ko Drake; 1693-1729). O heɓi jaŋde leslesre to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Prince Henry, to Otley .  Galle Chippendale ina ɓooyi jokkondirde e njulaagu golle leɗɗe ko ɗum waɗi ina gasa tawa o heɓi heen jaŋde makko leslesre ko e baaba makko, hay so tawii noon ina sikkaa kadi ko Richard Wood janngini mo to York, hade makko ummoraade Londres.  Wood caggal ɗuum yamiri koppiiji jeetati e *Direkteer* oo . Ñalnde 19 lewru nduu hitaande 1748, o resi Catherine Redshaw to jumaa St George, Mayfair, ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe worɓe njoyo e ɓiɓɓe rewɓe nayo.

E nder hitaande 1749, Chippendale renndini galle tokooso to suudu sarɗiiji, sara Covent Garden . E hitaande 1752, o ummii o fayi to Somerset Court, sara Strand . E hitaande 1754, Chippendale ummiima to 60-62 St Martin’s Lane to Londres, ɗo duuɓi 60 garooji ɗii, njulaagu galle oo gollotoo, haa hitaande 1813 nde ɓiyiiko biyeteeɗo Thomas Chippendale (Junior) riiwaa sabu mum bonnude kaalis. E nder hitaande 1754, o fuɗɗii kadi gollodaade e James Rannie, njulaagu alɗuɗo Ecoppinaajo, baɗɗo kaalis e nder njulaagu nguu e sahaa nde Chippendale yaltini deftere adannde *Directeur* . Rannie e defterdu mum, hono Thomas Haig, ina gasa tawa ko kamɓe ngoni toppitiiɓe kaalis njulaagu nguu. Debbo makko, Catherine, maayi ko e hitaande 1772. Caggal nde James Rannie sankii e hitaande 1766, ina wayi no Thomas Haig ñamliino 2 000 £ e juuɗe debbo Rannie, mo o huutortonoo ngam wontude sehil Chippendale. Gooto e ardiiɓe Rannie, hono Henry Ferguson, wonti gollodiiɗo tataɓo, ko noon kadi njulaagu nguu wontiri Chippendale, Haig e Co. O ummii ko e nokku biyeteeɗo ndeen nokku biyeteeɗo Lob’s Fields (hannde ko Derry Street) to Kensington. Chippendale resi Elisabet Davis to Egliis Fulham ñalnde 5 lewru bowte hitaande 1777. O jibini ɓiɓɓe tato woɗɓe. E hitaande 1779, Chippendale ummiima Hoxton ɗo o maayi e rafi tuberkuloos, o wirnaa to St Martin-in-the-Fields ñalnde 16&nbsp;Noowammbar 1779.

Ina woodi nate e nate ciftorgol ɗe Chippendale halfinaa e sara galle duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ɓooyngal to Manor Square, to wuro makko Otley, sara Leeds, to Yorkshire.  Ina woodi nate Thomas Chippendale ɗe mbaylaandi timmundi, e dow yeeso suudu defte Victoria e Albert, to Londres. 

Caggal nde o golliima e nder wuro Londres, e nder hitaande 1754, o woni gadano waɗoowo kaɓirɗe ngam yaltinde deftere diisnondiral makko, tiitoonde mum ko *« The Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director »* .  Ina sikkaa ko " catal njulaagu kuuɓtodinngal gadanal e sifaa mum".  E wiyde *jaaynde The New York Times*, « soodooɓe ina mbaawi ƴeewtaade, cuɓoo diisnondiral, caggal ɗuum njamira mobelaaji ». 

Binndanɗe tati njaltinaa, gadano oo e hitaande 1754, rewi heen ko binndital virtuel e hitaande 1755, caggal ɗuum binndanɗe ƴeewtaaɗe e mawninaaɗe e hitaande 1762, e oon sahaa, diidi Chippendale puɗɗii hollirde maandeeji Neoclassicism . Chippendale ina joginoo ƴaañgal mawngal e nder duuɓi makko golle, teeŋti noon e Ince e Mayhew . Gila e kitaale 1760 Chippendale heɓi batte mum no feewi e golle mahoowo biyeteeɗo Robert Adam . 

### Golle maantiniiɗe
Chippendale ko ko ɓuri heewde e waɗoowo kaɓirɗe, ko o diisneteeɗo nder suudu, o wasiyiima geɗe goɗɗe dekor ko wayi no mobelaaji softuɗi e hay colour mo suudu foti pentireede. E nder yonta mo sosiyetee oo heɓi nafoore mum ɓurnde mawnude, o gollodiima e annduɓe woɗɓe ngam rokkude cuuɗi walla galleeji baɗɗi faayiida e mbaydiiji keewɗi, so tawii mahngo mawngo ngoo gasii. Chippendale ina heewi heɓde yamiroore mawnde e juuɗe kiliyaneeɓe aristokraasi. Ko 26 e nder ɗeen komisariyaaji cifaa.  Ɗoo mobelaaji Chippendale ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni. Nokkuuji ɗii ina njeyaa heen:

* Suudu Sledmere, to Yorkshire, wonande Sir Kiristofer Saiks ( c. hitaande 1772 haa hitaande 76 );
* Koolaaɗo kuuɓal Nostell, to Yorkshir, wonande Sir Roland Winn (1766-1785);
* Kaɓirgal Blair, to Persiir, wonande laamɗo Atholl (1758);
* Suudu Wilton, wonande Henri, 10ɓo hooreejo leydi Pembroke ( c. hitaande 1759 haa hitaande 73 );
* Wonande fiyoowo filmo biyeteeɗo David Garrick, e nder wuro hee e nder galle mum to Hampton, to Middlesex ;
* Normanton Hall, Rutland e cuuɗi goɗɗi wonande Sir Gilbert Hiitkot (1768–78) tawi ina jeyaa heen njuɓɓudi wirwirnde laamɗo debbo, 1772 ;
* Suudu Harewood, to Yorkshire, wonande Edwin Lasel (1767-78);
* Newby Hall, to Yorkshire, wonande Wiliyam Weddell ( c. hitaande 1772 haa hitaande 76 );
* Temple Newsam, to Yorkshire, ngam Joomiraawo Irwin (1774);
* Suudu Paxton, Berwikshiir, Ecoppi, ngam suudu Ninian (1774-91);
* Burton Konstaabel, Yorkshire ngam Wiliyam Konstaabel (1768-79);
* Suudu Petworth, Sussex e cuuɗi goɗɗi wonande George Windham, 3ɓo hooreejo leydi Egremont (1777-79);
* Suudu Dumfries, Ayrshire, Ecoppi, ngam 5ɓo leydi Dumfries.

### Galle mobelaaji Chippendale

File:Diana_and_Minerva_Commode_by_Thomas_Chippendale,_1773,_mahogany_and_exotic_woods,_State_Bedroom_-_Harewood_House_-_West_Yorkshire,_England_-_DSC01815.jpg|alt=Diana and Minerva Commode, 1773, mahogany and exotic woods, State Bedroom – Harewood House| Diana e Minerva Komode, 1773, leɗɗe kaaƴe e leɗɗe eksootik, Suudu Dowla – Suudu Harewood
File:Dressing_Commode_with_Three_Graces,_Chippendale,_late_1700s,_marquetry_on_satinwood_with_rosewood_insets_-_Yellow_Drawing_Room_-_Harewood_House_-_West_Yorkshire,_England_-_DSC01891.jpg|alt=Dressing Commode with Three Graces, late 1700s, marquetry on satinwood with rosewood insets – Yellow Drawing Room – Harewood House| Komodo ɓoornaade e moƴƴere tati, e darorɗe kitaale 1700, marquetry e dow leɗɗe satin e inɗe leɗɗe rose – Suudu deftere geese – Suudu Harewood
File:State_Bed_by_Thomas_Chippendale,_1773,_carved_and_gilt_wood,_silk_damask,_State_Bedroom_-_Harewood_House_-_West_Yorkshire,_England_-_DSC01808.jpg|alt=State Bed, 1773, carved and gilt wood, silk damask, State Bedroom – Harewood House| Lelnde Dowla, 1773, leɗɗe cewɗe e gilɗi, damask silki, Suudu Lelnde – Suudu Harewood
File:Mirror_by_Thomas_Chippendale,_c._1778,_giltwood_-_Gallery_-_Harewood_House_-_West_Yorkshire,_England_-_DSC02012.jpg|alt=Mirror (one of a pair), c. 1778, giltwood – Gallery – Harewood House| Miijo (gooto e ɗiɗo), c. 1778, leɗɗe gilɗi – Galle – Suudu Harewood
File:Secretaire_by_Thomas_Chippendale,_1770s,_State_Bedroom_-_Harewood_House_-_West_Yorkshire,_England_-_DSC01819.jpg|alt=Secretaire, 1770s, State Bedroom – Harewood House| Sekereteer, kitaale 1770, Suudu Dowla – Suudu Harewood
File:Armchair_by_Thomas_Chippendale,_1773,_giltwood_,_State_Bedroom_-_Harewood_House_-_West_Yorkshire,_England_-_DSC01812.jpg|alt=Armchair, 1773, giltwood, State Bedroom – Harewood House| Koɗorɗe, 1773, leɗɗe giltooje, Suudu Dowla – Suudu Harewood
File:Clothes_press,_Chippendale,_1700s_-_East_Bedroom_-_Harewood_House_-_West_Yorkshire,_England_-_DSC01746.jpg|alt=Clothes press, 1700s – East Bedroom – Harewood House| Jaaynde koltu, kitaale 1700 – Suudu Fuɗnaange – Suudu Harewood
File:Chair_with_Lascelles_crest,_Thomas_Chippendale,_1700s_-_Entrance_Hall_-_Harewood_House_-_West_Yorkshire,_England_-_DSC02088.jpg|alt=Chair (one of a suite) with Lascelles crest, 1700s – Entrance Hall – Harewood House| Koɗorɗe (gooto e suudu) ina waɗi nate Lascelles, kitaale 1700 – Suudu Naatgol – Suudu Harewood
File:Commode,_Chippendale,_1700s_-_East_Bedroom_-_Harewood_House_-_West_Yorkshire,_England_-_DSC01743.jpg|alt=Commode, 1700s – East Bedroom – Harewood House| Komodo, kitaale 1700 – Suudu Fuɗnaange – Suudu Harewood
File:Pedestal_and_urn,_by_Thomas_Chippendale,_mid_1700s,_for_use_as_a_plate_warmer_-_State_Dining_Room_-_Harewood_House_-_West_Yorkshire,_England_-_DSC02026.jpg|alt=Pedestal and urn (one of a pair), mid 1700s, for use as a plate warmer – State Dining Room – Harewood House| Pedestal e urn (gooto e ɗiɗo), cakkital kitaale 1700, ngam huutoraade no warmer plateau – Suudu Nyaamdu Dowla – Suudu Harewood
File:Pier_table,_origin_unknown,_with_cellaret_by_Thomas_Chippendale,_c._1771,_rosewood_and_ormolu_-_State_Dining_Room_-_Harewood_House_-_West_Yorkshire,_England_-_DSC02030.jpg|alt=Pier table, origin unknown, with cellaret by Thomas Chippendale, c. 1771, rosewood and ormolu – State Dining Room – Harewood House| Tabalde Pier, iwdi mum anndaaka, e cellal Thomas Chippendale, c. 1771, leɗɗe roose e ormolu – Suudu Ñaamdu Dowla – Suudu Harewood
File:Pier_table_by_Thomas_Chippendale,_c._1779,_giltwood_with_marble_and_scagliola_top_-_Gallery_-_Harewood_House_-_West_Yorkshire,_England_-_DSC01985.jpg|alt=Pier table (one of a pair) c. 1779, giltwood with marble and scagliola top – Gallery – Harewood House| Tabal piir (gooto e ɗiɗo) c. 1779, leɗɗe gilɗi e marbere e scagliola dow – Galle – Suudu Harewood
File:Mirror_by_Thomas_Chippendale,_1773,_giltwood,_State_Bedroom_-_Harewood_House_-_West_Yorkshire,_England_-_DSC01817.jpg|alt=Mirror (one of a pair), 1773, giltwood, State Bedroom – Harewood House| Miijo (gooto e ɗiɗo), 1773, leɗɗe giltooje, Suudu Dowla – Suudu Harewood
File:Arm_chair,_Thomas_Chippendale,_c._1771,_wood,_yellow_Morocco_leather_-_Harewood_House_-_West_Yorkshire,_England_-_DSC01591.jpg|alt=Arm chair, (one of a set), c. 1771, wood, yellow Morocco leather – Harewood House| Koɗorɗe junngo, (gooto e set), c. 1771, leɗɗe, ɓaleeje Marok – Suudu Harewood
File:Cabinet,_Thomas_Chippendale,_1700s,_mahogany_-_Lord_Harewood's_Sitting_Room_-_Harewood_House_-_West_Yorkshire,_England_-_DSC01784.jpg|alt=Cabinet, 1700s, mahogany – Lord Harewood's Sitting Room – Harewood House| Kabine, kitaale 1700, mahogany – Suudu Joomiraawo Harewood – Suudu Harewood
File:Japanned_cabinet,_Chippendale,_1_of_2_-_Cinnamon_Drawing_Room_-_Harewood_House_-_West_Yorkshire,_England_-_DSC01931.jpg|alt=Japanned cabinet, (one of a pair) – Cinnamon Drawing Room – Harewood House| Kabine Japon, (gooto e ɗiɗo) – Suudu Deftere Cinnamon – Suudu Harewood
File:WLA_vanda_The_Garrick_Bed.jpg|alt=David Garrick's bed, c. 1775, The bed was reduced from a double to a single in the 1860s, now in the V&A Museum| Lelnde Daawuuda Garrik, c. 1775, Leeso ngoo ustaama gila e ɗiɗo haa e gootel e kitaale 1860, jooni ko e nokku ina wiyee V&A Museum
File:Chippendale_Desk.jpg|alt=A Chinese Chippendale desk| Biro Chippendale Sinuwaa en


* Chippendale Sinuwaa (mahdi) ngam defte mahdi ɗe Chippendale waɗi
* Fedde Chippendale
* Tomaas Elfe
* Doggol diisneteeɓe mobelaaji

## Jokkondire yaajɗe
*  . The standard work
* The Chippendale Society.
* What the Chippendale Furniture is and How to Identify It, Architect Anton Giuroiu, Architecture lab, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania.
* Thomas Chippendale – The Legend!, Collecting 20th century.
* ''Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director'', 1st ed., 1754 – the University of Wisconsin's Digital Library for the Decorative Arts and Material Culture.