Khadija Marouazi

**Khadija Maruwazi** ( Arabic   ; jibinaa ko 1961) ko daraniiɗo jojjanɗe aadee Maruk, binndoowo e jannginoowo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngam binndol. Tergal e pelle keewɗe jojjanɗe aadee e nder leydi Maruk, o anndaa kadi e deftere makko adannde *wiyeteende History of Ash,* nde o winndi e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe, nde o yaltini e firo Engele e hitaande 2023. Ndeeɗoo tinndinoore fenaande, ko fayti e ƴaañgol politik e nder ko wiyetee Duuɓi Lead e nder leydi Maruk, e batte teskinɗe ɗe aarabeeɓe mbaɗi binndol kasoo winndooɓe rewɓe.

## Nguurndam e golle
Marouazi jibinaa ko to Marakech, Maruk, e hitaande 1961, o hoɗi ko to laamorgo leydi Maruk Rabat . O jeyaa ko e sosɓe Fedde Maruk ngam Hakkeeji Aadee (OMDH) e hooreejo fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore wiyeteende Hakkunde Leyɗeele ngam Janngude Demokaraasi e Hakkeeji Aadee ( *al-wasit min ajl al-dimuqratiya* ). O jeyaa kadi ko e goomu ganndal wonande jaayɗe Maruk biyeteeɗe *Dafatir al-sijjin* (Kaayitaaji kasooji) e *Majallat dirasat huquq al-insan* (Jaaynde wiɗtooji jojjanɗe aadee). Yanti heen, Marouazi ina janngina binndol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibn Tofail to Kenitra .

E hitaande 2000, deftere makko adannde wiyeteende *Taariindi Cumu* (innde mum adannde: سيرة الرماد, *Sīrat al-ramād* ) yaltinaa ko e bayyinooɓe Afrique Orient to Kasablanka. Ko daartol fenaande Marouazi e ko wiyetee Duuɓi Lead, woni sahaa njiimaandi politik e nder leydi Maruk e kitaale 1960 haa 1980. Daartol ngol ko ardiiɓe mawɓe ɓee, hono Mouline e Leila, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe ngoni ko e kasoo, ɓe ngoni ko e torlaade sabu golle maɓɓe politik, ina haala kadi no ɓe njiɗiri artude e ɗeen kewuuji caggal nde ɓe njaltinaa. Nate ɗee ina mbayloo hakkunde ko ɓenni e ko jooni, hakkunde kewuuji baɗnooɗi e Mouline e Leila e nder kasoo e caggal mum, ina hollita sifaaji torlaaji e tuumeede ko njuɓɓudi ñaawoore. Yanti heen, bayyinooɓe ɓee mbinndi : « Mouline e Leila ina ciftora peeje mum en ngam wuurde e reentaade e nder detal laaɓtungal, keewngal faayiida, e ƴeewtaade golle maɓɓe politik e dille ɗe ɓe ngoni ɗee ». 

## Jaɓɓugo
*Daartol Ash* firtaa ko e ɗemngal Engele ko Alexander E. Elinson, jannginoowo aarabeere, gardiiɗo porogaraam aarabeeɓe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hunter to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde wuro New York . Feccere e ndee firo naatnaa e deftere 2010 wiyeteende *Rewɓe Afriknaaɓe winnduɓe reentaare : deftere daande jamaanu.*  E nder winndannde makko 2009 ngam jaaynde *Binndanɗe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo*, Elinson yeewtidii e karallaagal daartol Marouazi e Abdellatif Laâbi e nder deftere makko *Le chemin des ordalies (Laawol Ƴellitaare)*, o noddiri golle maɓɓe ko darnde binndol keewnde e nder [...] hollude laabi yahrude yeeso." 

Nde nde yalti e ɗemngal Engele e hitaande 2023, *History of Ash* suɓaama ngam heɓde njeenaari binndol EBRD 2024 . Ndee njeenaari ina rokketee hitaande kala ngam seerndude "ngalu binndol" e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗi mum, tawi ina jeyaa heen fotde 40 leydi e nder Orop, Asii e Afrik. Njeenaari ndii ko binndoowo oo e firo oo ndenndi ɗum, kaalis njeenaari ndii fotde 20 000 € ko leyɗeele jeyaaɗe e Banke Orop toppitiiɗo ko fayti e ƴellitaare e ƴellitaare, e ballondiral e Diiso Angalteer . 

## Golle goɗɗe Maroknaaɓe e binndol kasoo
Golle Marok goɗɗe ɗe njiylotoɗen e ɗe ngonaa njiylawu ko fayti e Duuɓi Lead e kasoo Tazmamart sirlu ko Fatna El Bouih ’s *Haala niɓɓere*, Malika Oufkir e Michèle Fitoussi ’s *Nguurndam wujjaaɗam: Duuɓi capanɗe ɗiɗi e nder kasoo jeereende,* Mohamed *Fromrat* Raiss’ *to Jahannama*, Tazmamart Ahmed Marzouki ’s *: Limoore cellal 10* e *Tazmamart Aziz Binebine – Duuɓi sappo e jeetati e nder kasoo sirlu Maruk.*  

Ooɗoo sahaa laamu laamɗo Hassan II mo Maruk, tuggi ko ina wona kitaale 1960 haa 1980, ko kañum woni sabaabu njiimaandi laamu e ƴaañgol luulndiiɓe politik e daraniiɓe demokaraasi .  *Daartol Ash* e golle goɗɗe ko faati e kasooji e nder Afrik worgo, ina jeyaa heen Nawal El Saadawi ’s *Memoirs from the Prison des Femmes* e Salwa Bakr ’s *The Golden Chariot,* ko annduɓe binndol yeewtidi e mum en ko wayi no yeruuji binndol kasooji rewɓe aarabeeɓe.   

## Tuugnorgal