Talchum

**Talchum** (e koreeji: 탈춤; IPA: [ˈtha̠(ː)ʎt͡ɕhum]; lit. ‘wamre mask’) ko jimɗi koreeji waɗeteeɗi tawa ina ɓoornii mask, tee ina heewi wonde jimɗi e jimɗi.

Hay so tawii helmere talchum ndee ina heewi ƴetteede ngam firtude denndaangal dille jimɗi mask e ko ɓuri heewde e koreeji, ko helmere diiwaan nde fuɗɗii huutoreede tan ko e jimɗi diiwaan Hwanghae e nder Koree worgo hannde oo. Womre ummoriinde e diiwaan Seoul walla Gyeonggi ina anndiraa sandae noli, kono womre ummoriinde e daande maayo fuɗnaange ina anndiraa yayu (야유), ɗum firti ko "pijirlooji ladde", walla Obangsinjang, ɗum firti ko "womre laamɓe joy". Kono tan, talchum ina jaɓee hannde no helmere huuɓtodinnde wonande drama dance mask.

Wamre ndee ina waɗi kadi daartol e daartol, nde tawnoo jikkuuji masiŋaaji ina kollita yimɓe, daabaaji, haa e tagooje ɓurɗe tagoore. Ɗeeɗoo dille leñol ina keewi hollirde mettere nde leƴƴi lesɗi ɗii njiyata feewde e elite yangban.

E hitaande 2022, Talchum winnditaama e doggol wakilaaɓe UNESCO wonande ndonaandi pinal neɗɗankaagal, teeŋtini nafoore mum e nder nokkuuji e nafoore mum e nder winndere ndee.

## Fuɗɗam
ikon

Ndee feccere limtaani hay lowre wootere. Tiiɗno, mballu ngam moƴƴinde ndee feccere e ɓeydude ciimtol e lowre koolkisaande. Kaɓirɗe ɗe ngalaa iwdi ina mbaawi luulndaade e ittude. (Juillet 2024) (Anndu no e hol nde ittu-ɗaa ndeeɗoo mesaas)

## Hakkille ndema
Ko miijo wonde iwdi maslahaa ko hakkille ndema mo remooɓe njoginoo ngam ndema moƴƴa gila ko ɓooyi. Feññinde hakkille ndema ina hollira no feewi e burak-gut hono Seonang-gut heddii hannde oo. E fawaade e miijo hakkille ndema, masiŋaaji baɗaaɗi e yeñtinde yeeso Alla, seeɗa-seeɗa mbayliima, mbaɗti masiŋaaji nannduɗi e neɗɗo, Gut ngam safrude luural e tagoore e nder maagiyaŋkaagal, wayliima wonti kollirgol naalankaagal luural renndo, ɗum jibini masiŋaaji. Waylude fedde Nongak ndee e jimɗi walla ko heɗotooɓe maslahaa ɓee naati e yahrude yeeso pijirlooji ɗii, ko aadaaji jippotooɗi e dingiral Seonang-gut. Pijirlooji ceertuɗi (雜色) fedde Nongak ina kollita wumre maskara, e pijirlooji mask Hahoebyulsingut e pijirlooji mask Gangneung Gwanno (陵 laamu 奴) ko pijirlooji mask ɗi ndartaaki haa laaɓi e mbaadi gut, e nde tawnoo masque ko kewu ndema anndi fijo yimɓe gila e fuɗɗoode.

## Teori kuutorgal
Ko miijo wonde jimɗi kuutorteeɗi (伎), ɗi gorko Baekje Mimaji (味摩) janngi e nder laamuuji Siin Fuɗnaange, o rokki ɗi Japon, ko ɗiin ngoni iwdi maskara. Hay so tawii jimɗi kuutorteeɗi (伎) e nder binndol Japon e teeminannde 13ɓiire "Gyohuncho (訓抄 e Eklesiya)" ko mukgeuk (默劇), ina wiyee wonde jimɗi kuutorteeɗi ɗii ndokkaama ko no maskara nii sabu ko woni e mum koo ina nanndi e Yangju Boceori e Danceolsaensk Mahannde hannde.

## Tariya
Talchum ummorii ko e gure Koree e nder diineeji shaman. Ndeen ɗum wontii sifaa weltaare yimɓe. Hay e nder galle laamɗo oo, nde waɗaama—e jamaanu Goryeo, Ofis Drama Masked-Dance (Sandae Togam) ina toppitinoo ɗeen jimɗi. Ofis oo noon momtaama e jamaanu Joseon.

Masque e jamaanu Laamlaamuuji tati

Iwdi jimɗi masiŋaaji ɗii ummorii ko e darorɗe teeminannde 9ɓiire, aɗa waawi heɓde heen seeɗa e batte kuutoragol masiŋaaji e nder yonta joyaɓo « Hyangak Japyeong » mo Choi Chi-won, woni Woljeon, Daemyeon, Geumhwan, Sokdok, e Sanye. Ko metti heen ko yimre ndee ina weeɓi, loowdi ndii laaɓtaani. Kono, ko wayi no pijirlooji mask, ko ngol woni go’o ko ina wona limre e nder Koree. Ko jiidaa e ɗuum, ina wiyee wonde e nder laamu Silla, ina woodi jimɗi kaafaaje e jimɗi Cheoyong ko wayi no pijirlooji mask, kono alaa binndanɗe laaɓtuɗe e relikuuji ko fayti e ɗuum. Kono ina wiyee wonde ndeeɗoo jimɗi mask ko daartol yeeso e yeeso 戱 e suka Gwanchang rewrude e jimɗi, nde tawnoo miijo jimɗi kaafaaje ko jimɗi mask ina waawi heɓaade e winndannde "Catch Up Donggyeong" e "Pungseongjo". E nder deftere ndee, ina wiyee wonde Cheoyongmu kadi ina yima e mask. Kono so en ƴeewii winndannde « Binndol Bibigo » e « Hwangchangrangmu (黃昌郞舞) », ina naamndii so tawii ko mask huutortenoo hay e sahaa Silla nde ɗeen pijirlooji ɗiɗi mbaɗi. Kono ina waawi siforeede wonde ina laaɓi wonde masiŋaaji kuutoraa ko caggal ɗuum e binndanɗe cifaaɗe dow ɗee. Ndeeɗoo jimɗi kaafaaje ina njokki haa hannde ina yiyee wonde Augusti e jimɗi kaafaaje ɗi njiy-ɗen hannde ɗii ɓoornaaki masiŋaaji, ɗum noon ina sikkaa ko caggal nde ɓiɓɓe mum njippii e jimɗi worɓe haa e jimɗi rewɓe. Ko waawi heen wonde fof, ina sikkaa wonde ndeeɗoo jimɗi kaafaaje ina njiɗnoo hollirde e ustude ruuhu Hwarangdo (郞 way) nde Silla etotoo heɓde feere dental hono jimɗi kaafaaje. Cheoyongmu yiytaa ina yima e mask rewrude e Goryeo e Joseon haa hannde, ina wayi no ko kañum ɓuri ɓooyde e literature wonde ɗum waɗiraa ko (演戱) e hitaande 23ɓiire laamɗo Gojong (1236) haa e hitaande 23ɓiire laamɗo Gojong mo laamu Goryeo e Shin Woo-jo (辛禑條). Hay caggal nde o ari e laamu Joseon, oo mask Cheoyongmu waɗiraa ko cente-cente e dow ñaawirdu, ko ɗum waɗi golle ɗee ina njuɓɓinee (散見) e "Yongjae Chonghwa". Ko waawi heen wonde fof, Cheoyongmu ina foti yiyeede ko gooto e jimɗi maagiyaŋkooji e 呪術 renndo ɓooyngo tuugiiɗi e lefol Cheoyong ngol waɗi e joofnirde laamu Silla.

## Sandae japhee laamu Goryeo
E jamaanu laamu Goryeo, wonno ko kewuuji narye ɓoorniiɓe mask e sandae japhee. Narye ko kewu waɗeteeɗo jamma lewru ngam jaɓɓaade hitaande hesere welnde e welnde e riiwtude jinneeji bonɗi, iwdi musibbaaji e ñawuuji e nder hitaande ndee kala. E wiyde Memorandum Literature, ndee hiirde yuɓɓinaama haa laamɗo Injo mo laamu Joseon nde o naati e duunde Koree e hitaande 6ɓiire laamɗo Jeongjong mo Goryeo. E oon sahaa, ko wayi no Narye nii, ina woodi japhee sandae to joofnirde Goryeo. Ooɗoo japhee ina waɗi kadi masiŋaaji ko wayi no Cheoyongmu, kono o ɓuri lollude ko nde o naati e laamu Joseon.

## Teemeeɗe e sifaaji
Dramaaji dance mask ina ndenndi sifaaji teeŋtuɗi kono ina ceerti no feewi fawaade e diiwaan e waɗoowo. Teemedde teskinɗe ina mbaɗi cereeli njilluuji, jimɗi cemmbinɗi, satire, parodiiji ŋakkeende aadee, bonanndeeji renndo, e eliteeji. Ɓe mbeltiima e heɗtiiɓe ɓee e jaasde rewɓe Buddhist en murtuɓe, worɓe toowɓe ŋakkiraaɓe, e shaman en. Tiitoonde woɗnde ɓurnde lollude ko luural hakkunde debbo mawɗo e jom suudu jom suudu jom suudu. E nder mbayliigaaji diiwanuuji, dingiral dance mask ngal ɓuri waɗeede ko e lewru timmundu adanndu, ñalngu jibinannde Buddha (석가탄신일) e ñalngu go’aɓuru lewru nayaɓuru, ñalngu Dano, e Chuseok. Ina gasa tawa mbayliigaaji mbaɗaama e nder ñalɗi juulde laamu walla e nder diineeji ngam addude toɓo. Tawtoreede heɗtiiɓe kadi ko huunde e jimɗi ɗii.[5]

## Laahal
Wamre mask ina heewi fecceede e pecce jeeɗiɗi.

Wamre mawɗo arandeere (상좌, Sang-Jwa) ko wamre njuulu dow Sasindo [ko], maanaa ‘riiwtugo jinneeji’.[6]

Taƴre ɗimmere ndee ko jimɗi monkeeji jeetati, ko ɗiin ngoni beopgonori gadano e ɗiɗaɓo. Wamre monk bonnde hollirta ko hoore mum bonnde, naatnata hoore mum e editorial e danndo, no mbaydiiji ɗii fof. Beopgonori ina haala jokkere enɗam ko fayti e gorko e debbo ina ɓoornoo comci mum en ina njogii duɗal sariya e wutte mum en. Ko ɓooyaani koo,[nde?] beopgonori majjii.[6]

Taƴre tataɓere ndee ko jimɗi Sadang (사당춤) ɗi joom en jawɗeele jeeɗiɗi (거사, Geo-sa) mbaɗata, ina peeña e nder nokku teskinɗo fawaade e mbaydi. So debbo jom suudu riiwaama e nder suudu dewal ngam ƴattaade, jeeɗiɗo e maɓɓe ina njima jimɗi pijirlooji.[6]

Taƴre nayaɓere ndee ko jimɗi ɓooyɗi (노장춤, No-Jang). Wamre ndee ina hollita satire moñño Buddha mo Somu (소무, So-moo),[7] suka debbo pub, walla debbo jom suudu, yetti ɗum no Buddha guurɗo nii.

Taƴre joyaɓere ndee ko liyon mo Budda neldi ngam ñaawde ɓe sabu majjude danndorde liyon. Ɓe etoo ñaamde ñaamdu maɓɓe caggal ɗuum ɓe keɗoo tuubuubuye ɓe njaafoo ɓe njimra.

Bojel jeegom ko ɓuri heewde ko haaldude e banndiraaɓe tato yangban (yimɓe jannguɓe no feewi), stake e yangban, e jimɗi yangban. Rewrude e fijo suɓaade hoɗorde hesere, Sijojigi (‘waɗde jimɗi’, 시조짓기), Paja Nori (waɗde jimɗi e Hanja feccii walla hawrude, 파자놀이), e nanngude chuibbali (‘neɗɗo ƴaañiiɗo kaalis laamu, 뷜찜). E nder pijirlooji ɗii, Malttoki (‘taƴre’, 말뚝이) ina huutoroo jimɗi e satire ina huutoree ngam ƴattaade yangban.[6]

Taƴre jeeɗiɗaɓere ndee hawri ko e Young-gam (영감, ‘mawɗo walla jom suudu les’) e Mi-Yal-Hal-mi (미얄할미),[7] ɓe ceerti e nder jimɗi ɓuuɓɗi, ɓe luurdi sabu galle jom suudu oo toY, mo o b-rough Suka-gam. Mawɗo gooto ina wiyee Namgang feeñi, noddi shaman ngam waɗde njuɓɓudi Jin-Ogwi (진오귀굿). Hollirde kulhuli nguurndam gollooɓe e njiimaandi worɓe e dow rewɓe sabu dewgal keewngal, golle gadiiɗe ɗee kollitii wonde iwdi jimɗi mask ko e nder reedu (굿, jimɗi njuɓɓudi to Koree).[6]

## Nokku ɗo golle ɗee mbaɗetee
Nokku potɗo waɗde golle ko ɗo jamaanu keewngu waawi hawrude. Jamaanu nguu ina ndaara dingiral ngal fotde cirƴam, kono alaa ko woni e dingiral hee, bannge gooto tan e dingiral ngal ko galle ina wiyee Gaebok-cheong ɗo yimooɓe ɓee mbaylata masiŋaaji mum en e comci mum en. Hay so dingiral ngal ko lowre ɓuuɓnde toownde no darnde nii, Bongsan Talchum[8] kadi ina waɗa darnde ndee toownde. Sabaabu oo ko yeeyooɓe ɓee ina yeeyda nguura e nokkuuji naatgol e audience e nder suudu dowri.

## Sifaaaji
Dramaaji dance mask ina njaltinaa e nokkuuji leydi ndii kala. Won ko ina wona sappo e tati (13) sifaaji jimɗi mask ceertuɗi e nder Koree ― mbaydi Haeseo e nder diiwaan Hwanghaedo, ko wayi no jimɗi Bongsan, jimɗi Gangnyeong, jimɗi Eunyul ; Ko noon kadi, e nder diiwaan Gyeonggi, e nder diiwaan Gyeonggi, ko jimɗi masiŋaaji Songpa Sandae Noli ; Diiwaan Gyeongsang fuɗnaange pSuyeong Yayu, Dongnae Yayu, Gasan Ogwangdae, Tongyeong Ogwandae, Goseong Ogwandae; Hahoe, to diiwaan Gyeongsangbukdo; Womre mask Gangneung Gwanno Gamyeon'guk mo diiwaan Gangwon; e Namsadang (fedde weltinnde worɓe yahooɓe e laana worgo) Deotboegichum. E nder ɗeen, talnori Bongsan e Hahoe byeolsingut ɓuri anndeede hannde.

Tagooje miijotooɗe e nder Talkum

## Yeongno (영노)
Monster mo nyaama yangban bonɗo. E nder won e pijirlooji, so oo tagoore ñaamii 100 yangban, ndeen ina waawi yahde asamaan.[9] Yeongno ina siforee wonde ina jogii yeeso juutngo boɗeejo (nannduɗo e mboddi) kadi ina ɓoornii wutte daneejo nannduɗo e ƴiye (nokkuuji ɗii ina mbaawi waylude fawaade e diiwaan oo). Won sikkuɓe ina mbaawi wonde imoogi fawaade e nanndi e won e leƴƴanɗe ko fayti e darnde imoogi e yeongno e nder hiirde ndee:

Lefol goɗngol wiyi so imoogi nanngii neɗɗo bonɗo ina waawi yahde asamaan no mboddi nii, ndeeɗoo daartol teeŋti noon ko ɗuum addanta yimɓe miijaade wonde ɗiɗo ɓee ina mbaawi jokkondirde.[10]

## Bibi (비비)
Sifaa yeongno, ɓe mbaɗata ko daande bi-bi kulɓiniinde e fiyde pipe willow. Eɗe njogii hoore monster dow ɓanndu neɗɗo.

## Jangjamari (장자마리)
Ruuhuuji ndiyam. Eɗe ɓuuɓi no feewi, eɗe njima, eɗe njogii ƴiye geec e ɓalli mum en fof. Ina waawi kadi tawa ina jokkondiri e jibinannde.

E nder Gangneung Gwanno Gamyeon'geuk,[firo ina haani] eɗe njokkondiri e jibinannde e sahaa ndema, eɗe njima, eɗe ɓoornoo comci jogiiɗi mbaydi leydi ndema, eɗe pawee e leɗɗe maaro kam e ƴiye maayo.[9]

## Juji (주지)
Juji ko tagooje haawniinde. Eɗe nanndi e colli jogiiɗi koye tokoose no feewi walla ina mbaawi jogaade koye nannduɗe e koye liɗɗi.[9] Koppi ɗiɗo ina njumpa ina taarii. Wamre hakkunde jommbaajo ina waawi hollirde jibinannde.[9] Kono kadi, jimɗi hakkunde liɗɗi ɗiɗi ɗii ina mbaawi hollirde hulɓinde jinneeji bonɗi.[9]

## Galle

## Tuugnorgal