Necker–Enfants Malades Hospital

**Opitaal Necker-Enfants Malades** (e Farayse: Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades [opitalʁ ɑ̃fɑ̃ malad]) ko opitaal jannginoowo Farayse e nder diiwaan 15ɓo Pari. Ko opitaal fedde Ballal Publique – Hôpitaux de Pari, ina jokkondiri e Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Pari Cité. Ospitaal Necker–Enfants Malades sosaa ko e hitaande 1920 e hawrude e opitaal Necker (Hôpital Necker), mo Suzanne Necker sosi e hitaande 1778, e opitaal sukaaɓe ñawɓe (Hôpital des Enfants Malades), opitaal sukaaɓe ɓurɗo mawnude e nder hirnaange aduna, sosaa ko e hitaande 1801.

Tariya
Opitaal Necker sosaa ko e hitaande 1778 e juuɗe Madame Necker, jibinaaɗo e Suzanne Curchod, yumma Madame de Staël e debbo Jacques Necker, jaagorgal kaalis Luwis XVI. Jacques Necker wonnoo ko gardiiɗo dille ngam moƴƴinde opitaaluuji keewɗi yimɓe, e mahde nokkuuji safrirde tokoosi ɓurɗi ɓadaade koɗki ñawɓe ɓee. Madame Necker caggal ɗuum waylitii suudu dewal ɓooyndu, waɗti ɗum e safrirde,[1] nde ko adii nde Farayse ummotoo, ina anndiranoo Hospice de Charité. Ko duɗal katolik ɗo seedantaagal lootgol e konngol ko sarɗiiji ngam naatde. Heewɓe e miskineeɓe parwisaaji ina ngara e safrirde ngam waɗde juulde mum en cakkitiinde hade maayde. Ospitaaluuji e oon sahaa ina njiyee ko no "dame asamaan" ɗe Sisters Catholic of Charity ndarni, wonaa duɗe ganndal ɗe safrooɓe ndarni ɗe ɓe ngonta caggal ɗuum.[1] Ñawɓe worɓe e rewɓe ina ceerti, no opitaaluuji keewɗi e oon sahaa nii. Laabi triage, sosaaɗi e nder Pari fof e hitaande 1802, ina njuɓɓina e nder njuɓɓudi rewɓe reeduɓe, ñawɓe hakkillaaji, e ñawɓe mborosaaji. Ñawɓe ɓee peccii ko e cate nay : ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri bonndi, ɓuuɓri seppooji, e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri.[2]

Opitaal sukaaɓe ñawɓe (Opitaal sukaaɓe ñawɓe), mo alaa ko waawi jiiɓrude e opitaal sosnooɗo oo, hono opitaal sukaaɓe tokosɓe, ko Conseil général des Hospices (Conseil général des Hospices) sosi ɗum e lewru Yarkomaa 1801 ngam wallitde njuɓɓudi cellal e renndo njuɓɓudi Pari. E fawaade e yuɓɓinde opitaal oo, Diisnondiral ngal ƴettii senngo keso tuugiingo e ceertugol gootal hakkunde opitaaluuji e opitaaluuji keertiiɗi, o anndini sosde opitaal « wonande sukaaɓe worɓe e rewɓe ɓe duuɓi mum en njahrata e duuɓi sappo e joy » (4 desaambar 1801) . . Opitaal sukaaɓe Malades keso oo udditaa ko e lewru suwee 1802 e nokku ɗo opitaal sukaaɓe waasɓe ɓennuɗo oo woni ɗoo, hono Hôpital de l’Enfant Jésus (« Opitaal ɓiɗɗo Iisaa »). Ko ɗum woni opitaal sukaaɓe gadano e nder winndere hirnaange.[3]

Ospitaaluuji ɗiɗi gonɗi e ɓalli ɗii kawraama e hitaande 1920, kono diɗɗal Necker ngal jokki e toppitaade mawɓe e Enfants malades wonande sukaaɓe.[4]

Mural
Winndannde mawnde: Tower (Keith Haring)
E hitaande 1987, naalanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Keith Haring, waɗii nate ina wiyee Tower, ina suddii ŋoral suudu safrirdu nduu.[5] O fenti koolol ngol nde o woni to Pari ngam hollirde duuɓi 10 naalankooɓe Amerik to Centre Pompidou.[6][7]

Eskaal oo wonti ŋoral e nder sahaaji e pentiir oo ɓooyii, ardiiɓe opitaal oo ñaawi ɗum.[8] Kono nde reenaama, nde artiraa haa timmi e lewru suwee 2017. Catal seppo jokkondirngal e ɗo stairwell oo jokkondirnoo ɗoo, ɓuuɓnaama, galle safrirde keso mahiraa. Mural oo jooni ina darii no "totem" e cakkital jarneeji safrirde.[8]

Cafrooɓe lolluɓe
Cafroowo Faraysenaajo biyeteeɗo René Laennec feewni stetoskoop ko e hitaande 1816 tawi omo golloo to Hôpital Necker. Ko adii ɗuum, safrooɓe ina mbaɗatnoo koye mum en e dow ɓalndu ñawɗo mum en, ina keɗoo kala ko ina wona daande nde alaa ɗo haaɗi ngam wallitde e ƴeewndaade ñawu nguu. Kono nde suka debbo mawɗo ari e safrirde ndee, o anndi ngalɗoo laawol ina famɗi no feewi so o ƴeewii mawneeki makko. E nder heen, o huutoriima ɓataake ɓuuɓɗo ngam ɓuuɓnude ɓalndu ñawɗo oo, ɗum addani ɓernde ndee laaɓtude no feewi. Jarribooji goɗɗi ngaddi tuuba leɗɗe ɓutte ɗe Laennec waɗi, ko adii stetoskoopuuji hannde ɗii.[9] Baawgol makko e mawninde sawtawol nder ɓanndu, addani ɗum yahrude yeeso e golle safaara gonɗe e ɓuuɓri, kadi ina waɗi nafoore to Hôpital Necker, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina heewi maayde e Phthisis pulmonalis.[10] Ko ɗum waɗi Laennec yiyti e stetoskoop mum wonde ñawɓe wonduɓe e ñawu nguu ina kollita ko adii fof ŋakkeende keertinnde no daande mum en feeñiri e nder ɓalli mum en, ɗum noon ina addana ñawɓe ɓee yiyteede ko adii.[11]

Ina jeyaa e safrooɓe mawɓe gollotooɓe to opitaal ñawɓe sukaaɓe, Ogust Chaillou, Eugène Bouchut, gardiiɗo Jacques-Joseph Grancher), gardiiɗo Victor Henri Hutinel, Eugène Apert e Édouard Kirmisson.

Galle
Naatgol suudu safrirdu sukaaɓe to Rue de Sèvres.
Naatgol suudu safrirdu sukaaɓe to Rue de Sèvres.

Tablo siftorde Laennec e yeeso safrirde ɓooynde. "Ɗoo, Laennec yiyti Stetoskoop".
Tablo siftorde Laennec e yeeso safrirde ɓooynde. "Mako