Shanu Lahiri

**Shanu Lahiri** (23 lewru Yarkomaa 1928 – 1 lewru feebariyee 2013) ko pentoowo e jannginoowo naalankaagal, jeyaaɗo e galleeji ɓurɗi maantinde e toowde e pinal Kolkata, kadi ko o jibinannde adannde, ummoriiɗo caggal jeytaare. O jeyaa ko e naalankooɓe ɓurɓe maantinde e nder Kolkata,[1] o heewi innireede ko "laamɗo naalankaagal renndo wuro ngoo", omo waɗa dille naalankaagal jaajɗe e nder Kolkata ngam ɓamtude wuro ngoo e suuɗde haalaaji politik bonɗi.[2] Nate makko ina tawee e galle mooftirɗo Salar Jung e nder galle mooftirɗo naalankaagal hannde.

## Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol
Shanu Lahiri jibinaa ko ñalnde 23 lewru Yarkomaa 1928 to Calcutta (hannde Kolkata) e nder galleeji naalankooɓe ɓurɗi maantinde e Calcutta-galle Mazumdar mo banndiraaɓe njeeɗiɗo. Yumma makko, Renukamoyee Mazumdar, hay so tawii o janngaani, omo golloroo kalifaandi jamma.[3] Lahiri ina joginoo miñiraaɓe ɗiɗo mawɓe, binndoowo e winndiyanke mawɗo biyeteeɗo Kamal Kumar Majumdar e naalanke biyeteeɗo Nirode Mazumdar, gooto e mawɓe e nder teeminannde 20ɓiire, jooni ko ɓuri heewde yejjitaama[4], tergal sosngal fedde Calcutta. Mawnude e nder ndee ɗoo weeyo teskinngo, o fotnoo ko jogaade batte e karallaagal yumma makko to bannge coodguuli. O siftorii e nder ciimtol makko-

"Woɗɗaani Niru-da ina jokki e waɗde lootgol pentol mawngol ngol o timmini jooni. To bannge dada, mawɗo e banndiraaɓe amen, omo ƴattoo haa abada. Ko noon wonnoo sahaa kala e nder cukaagu am...fof." e maggal ina ilna e nder ƴiiƴam am, ina waɗa tagoore am mi anndaano ndeen ko woni ko seedtotoo-mi e ko njiylotonoo-mi ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi."[5].

Ko o almuudo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamu to Calcutta, o jeyaa ko e battane janngooɓe rewɓe adanɓe naatɓe e hitaande jeytaare ngenndi ndii, o janngi e les njiimaandi Atul Bose & Ramendranath Chakraborty e nder duuɓi makko ɗiɗi gadani ɗii. E hitaande makko tataɓere o janngi e les njiimaandi porfeseer Basanta Ganguly, gardinooɗo jaambaaro aadaaji cemmbinɗi, so wonaa aadaaji jaŋde e nder naalankaagal. E nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde naalankaagal o jannginaama ngam wonde binndoowo karallaagal, rewrude e jaŋde nde njuɓɓudi koloñaal Angalteer ƴetti, kono o wonnoo ko e luural e Basanta Ganguly e sahaaji keewɗi nde o siftortoo duuɓi caggal ɗuum e yeewtere laaɓtunde.[6] O heɓi bak makko ko e hitaande 1951, ko kanko woni almuudo gadano e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal heɓde njeenaari kaŋŋe hooreejo AIFACS sabu darnde makko maantiniinde e naalankaagal nde o woni jannginoowo leslesre. E hitaande 1955 o ƴetti e cuusal ngam waɗde koolol gootol to galle AIFACS. Ko ɗoo o tawi omo hollira golle makko e yeeso mawɓe ɗiɗo ummoriiɓe Bombay, Gaitonde e Gade.

E hitaande 1956 o heɓi bursi laamu Farayse, ko ɗum addani mo janngude to Pari fotde duuɓi ɗiɗi hakkunde 1956 e 1958. O janngi to École du Louvre ɗo o janngi daartol naalankaagal e naalankaagal-appréciation e to Académie Julian o janngi pentugol.[1][7] Ndee ɗoo feeñninde winndereyankoore addani mo woppude caɗeele heblo Academic e stereotype gonɗo e pentol ‘Indian-style’ ngol ɓuri heewde e naalankooɓe Inndo.

## Style e golle
Natal janngirde arandeere nde Shanu Lahiri waɗi gila 1947.

Shanu Lahiri naati e golle mum naalankaagal ko e duuɓi teskinɗi jeytaare leydi Indiya. Tappude jaŋde makko adannde ndee ko huunde himmunde ngam waɗde naalankaagal kesal kesal, ngal naatnata semmbe e ballal dille naalankaagal hakkunde leyɗeele. Ko e nder jokkondire timmuɗe e mbaydiiji naalankaagal mawɗi e oon sahaa, o ummii e heblo makko, to Pari o jaɓɓii e dow tiiɗnaare ndonu Farayse High *Modern.*

Jaɓɓaade kelme jamaanu Orop hannde ɗee ko ɗemɗe teeŋtuɗe e golle makko, hono no heewɓe e yonta makko nii, Pari wonnoo ko Makka jamaanu-repertoires naalankaagal Picasso, Matisse, Chagall e Rousseau ina keddii e nokkuuji teskinɗi ngam ƴellitde peeje makko e mbaadi , colour e content-ko addi batte duumotooɗe e makko. E nder ndee ɗoo deftere naalankaagal alɗunde, taariinde, yalti ko e mbaydi makko keeriindi ndi o anndiraa- sifaa keeriiɗo e mbaydi neɗɗo mbaylaandi, ƴellitaare diidi cuuɗiiɗi e golle pinndi e kalaaji jalbooji ɗi ngalaa mbaydi mawnugol e njuuteendi. Gila e kitaale 1980, huunde wootere nanngunde golle makko ko kankopredilection ngam mawneeki e njuuteendi mawndi, nde golle makko puɗɗii ƴellitaade, no mural nii, e dow ŋoral canvas walla kaayitaaji ɗo o ummii e binndanɗe denndaangal nate e nate, o arti e ɓeydagol hoybinde e faggudu mbaydiiji jowitiiɗi e geɗe renndo. Limre neɗɗo ndee heddii ko forte makko, e fijirde yaajnde gila e koye makko pottitte siynooje e nder fooftere deeƴnde haa e daabaaji gonɗi e nguurndam. Koolol makko gadanol e nate waɗi ko e hitaande 1950 ngol rewi heen ko jokkondire keewɗe.

Nde o arti Pari, o waɗii yeewtere pentugol e nder leydi Indiya e caggal leydi. Caggal golle makko jaŋde to Hirnaange, e darorɗe kitaale 1970, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rabindra Bharati, o woni jannguɗo e nder departemaa naalankaagal yiyteende ; caggal mum o wonti deenoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde mayre.[1][8][9] Nde o woni e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, o fuɗɗii gollal ƴeewtaade e ƴettude golle Rabindranath Tagore ko eɓɓoore ngam ɓeydaade luggiɗde e mbaadi makko no to bannge hirnaange neɗɗo ƴettunoo Old Masters e nder golle e nder suudu janngirdu, ko ɗum waɗi o heɓi heen ñiŋooje tiiɗɗe. Duuɓi sappo 80 ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ɓeydagol njiimaandi Shanu Lahiri, hono jannginoowo, yuɓɓinoowo e golloowo naalankaagal. Duuɓi sappo ɗii jooni njiyri naalanke oo ina golloroo e nder renndo. Caggal golle naalankooɓe sosde natal laamɗo debbo Durga to Bakulbagan mo fuɗɗii e hitaande 1975 e NirodeMazumdar, Shanu Lahiri waɗi sanamu Durga laabi ɗiɗi ngam Bakulbagan, tokki ardungal naalanko'en feere ɓe hitaande fuu ɓe ɗon sosa limngal jamaanu e style ngam huwugo nder natal laamiiɗo debbo ngal.[10]

E nder duuɓi capanɗe ɗiɗi cakkitiiɗi ɗii, kitaale 1990 e 2000, suudu makko wonnoo ko nokku jokkuɗo e ƴellitde e ƴellitde. E jogaade darnde makko adannde e pentugol e natal, o ƴeewtindorii ko laabi kesi e nokkuuji, o jarribii e fawaade e fannuuji ceertuɗi e pentugol enamel e dow leppi akrilik, pentugol e dow leɗɗe e seraamik, etchings e dow laylayti X-ray e natal "torch light" e dow kaayitaaji bromide. Eɓɓoore ɓeydotoonde nanndunde e seppooji yi’i mo ummoraade e nate looɗe tokoose e nate butelaaji uurorɗe mberlaaɗe e njamndi.

E nder naalankaagal makko, Shanu Lahiri yeewtidii e goongaaji renndo hannde ɗii.[1] O anndiraama ngam style maako masin, o laati naalanke mawɗo nder dingiral naalankaagal Kolkata, kanko e banndiiko pentuɗo Karuna Shaha.[11

## Fedde nde"
Caggal nde "Calcutta Group" sosaa e hitaande 1943, yiɗde yuɓɓinde e nder pelle feeñii e nder naalankooɓe e nder pooɗe ceertuɗe e nder leydi Indiya. E hitaande 1944 "Fedde pentooɓe yahrude yeeso" sosaa e gardagol K.C.S. Paniker to Madras, fedde naalankooɓe yahrude yeeso fuɗɗii ko e Bombay e hitaande 1947, "Delhi Shilpi Chakra" sosaa ko e hitaande 1949. So sikke alaa "Fedde Calcutta" ko kañum woni ardiiɗo ɗeen golle mum sosde dente naalankooɓe ɗe udditi laawol ngam woɗɓe ndewa. Kono tan, rewɓe ina keewi yaltineede e ɗeen pelle worɓe. E hitaande 1983, Kalkata e to bannge nokku, leydi ndii seedtiima mooɓondiral fedde adannde naalankooɓe rewɓe : « Fedde ndee » no ɓe mbiyata koye maɓɓe nii, ina waɗi terɗe joy - Karuna Shaha, Shanu Lahiri, Meera Mukherjee, Santosh Rohatgi e Shyamasree Basu . Hono ngool njuɓɓudi rewɓe, e ko yaawi, wonti ko huunde nde heewɓe njiylotoo e nder dingiral naalankaagal hannde ngal. Naalankooɓe ɓee noon, ngoni ko e tiiɗnaare, ɓurɓe laaɓtude e laaɓtude e ko fayti e haajuuji hono ndeeɗoo fedde naalankooɓe rewɓe. Rewɓe ina njoginoo ngamɓooyii suuɗde e golle maɓɓe, ɓe mbiya ko Virginia Woolf meeɗi wiyde- "Ko ɓuri heewde e daartol, anndaaka ko debbo." So tawii noon ko e oon sifaa tigi naalankooɓe ɓee poti haɓaade ngam potal tawtoreede e hakke ƴeewteede e nder winndere naalankaagal. Gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1983, fedde ndee ina hollira hitaande kala e nder Akademi Naalankaagal. E hitaande 1986 e 1987, koolol ngol yahri ko adii fof caggal wuro Kalkata, to Triveni Kala Sangam e nder...New Delhi e Galle ñeeñal Jehangir to Bombay. Hono ngool feeñninde ɓurnde yaajde ina teskaa e naalankooɓe ɓee. Hay so waɗde koolol e sahaaji, tawa ko seeɗa e yeeyirde ina metti. Ko ɗoon feere ceertunde e golle yeeyde e ƴellitde ina wallita, ina addana en ɓeydaade jokkondirde e mbaydiiji naalankaagal ɓurɗi hannde e avant-garde.New Delhi e Galle ñeeñal Jehangir to Bombay. Hono ngool feeñninde ɓurnde yaajde ina teskaa e naalankooɓe ɓee. Hay so waɗde koolol e sahaaji, tawa ko seeɗa e yeeyirde ina metti. Ko ɗoon feere ceertunde e golle yeeyde e ƴellitde ina wallita, ina addana en ɓeydaade jokkondirde e mbaydiiji naalankaagal ɓurɗi hannde e avant-garde.

## Deftere e bayyinaango
Nde o woni e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rabindra Bharati, o woniino hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, Shanu Lahiri heɓi yiyde golle Rabindranath Tagore. O heewi wiyde so o janngii jimɗi Tagore o yi’at natal, kono e ƴeewde nate makko o meeɗaa nande jikku lyrical. Ndee ɗoo ŋakkeende nde o heɓi, addani mo winndude e naalankaagal Rabindranath Tagore, ngal o artiri e deftere ‘Rabindra Chitra Chetana’-nde rokkata heen humpito laaɓtungo e naalankaagal e kelme yiyteede Tagore.[12]

O yaltinii deftere makko, Smritir Collage (Kollage siftorde)[13] e hitaande 2001 nde haalata ko fayti e cukaagu makko & nehdi makko e nder galle toowɗo naalankaagal e pinal. Ngam hawrude e udditgol ngol o waɗi kadi koolol hollirngol golle miñiraaɓe makko Kamal e Nirode Mazumdar, e terɗe goɗɗe e nder leñol makko Mazumdar, ɓiɗɗo mawniiko biyeteeɗo Chittrovanu, e ɓiɗɗo mawniiko debbo biyeteeɗo Oditi.[3] O winndiino kadi defte juutɗe e daartol gonngol e dow daabaaji keewɗi taariiɓe mo e ɓesngu makko ɗi o hawri e ‘Edo Goli Theke Beni Madhav’.[14]

Waawaa wonde kala jahɗo hawritde e Shanu Lahiri yaltataa ko ñamlaaka. So tawii ko feewnude salaade e yaawre walla feewnude ñameele laaɓtuɗe, omo anndiraa wonde jarriborɗo e nder suudu safrirdu kadi. Deftere wiyeteende Tabled nde ɓiyiiko debbo biyeteeɗo Damayanti Lahiri, nde ɓiyiiko debbo biyeteeɗo Chittrovanu Mazumdar waɗi, nde yaltinaa caggal maayde makko, nde waɗi ko deftere makko, nate makko, binndanɗe makko, e doodles-

"Ma wielded ɗiɗo fof brush e ladle e weeyo e yarlitaare e effortlessly dipped e nder crucible mum cumin e cobalt blue. 'Tabled' ina miijo ko ɓuri heewde e ɗaɓɓaande tiiɗnde ngam recipes yumma am ummoraade e satiated diners e ko golle e nder golle ngam makko , ko famɗi fof haa o sankii ko huunde nde alaa ko woni e mum, nde hawraani e nate, fotooji, quirks, recipes e nate tokoose.".[15][16]

O woniino kadi yimoowo bayyinaaɗo e innde fenaande Hasna Banu.

## Eɓɓooje naalankaagal renndo
"E hitaande 1984, mi hawritii won e almudɓe ummoriiɓe La Martiniere, mbiy-mi ɓe maa mi rokku ɓe 50 mbuuɗu ñalawma kala so ɓe njaltii ɓe penta e am. Min cuɓii wall public min puɗɗii pentugol e dow mum. Min momtaani politik." jargons kono waylitii mahol ngol e canvas amen Yimɓe ina njiɗi humpitaade ko adii fof, caggal ɗuum ina njetta".

Shanu Lahiri [8]

Shanu Lahiri ina waɗa nate e nder leydi Ruwannda.

Lahiri kadi ina jeyaa e eɓɓooji naalankaagal renndo e naalankaagal graffiti e nder Kolkata fof. Puɗɗagol e kitaale 1980, rewrude e ‘Love Calcutta Project’ o hirjini sukaaɓe e almudɓe laabi ngam pentude e dow mahe Kolkata ngam yiɗde ɓamtude wuro ngoo.[2][17] Duuɓi sappo jawtuɗi ɗii ko duuɓi politik ɓuuɓɗi sabu dillere Naxalite en, nde acci koɗorɗe wuro ngoo ina njuɓɓina nate politik, e nate, e nate doolnuɗe. E hitaande 1984[8] Lahiri hawriti e almuɓɓe La Martiniere Calcutta ngam pentude dow mahol duɗal maɓɓe e naalankaagal e nate mbaylaandi. Seeɗa-seeɗa ndee dillere nanngi, e nder duuɓi garooji ɗii o naati e eɓɓooji naalankaagal renndo nannduɗi e ɗii e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e nder wuro ngo ko wayi no Jadu Babu’s Bazaar to nokku Bhowanipore, luumo liɗɗi to Sreebhumi, Fort William, e nokkuuji goɗɗi to bannge worgo e... fuɗnaange Kalkata. E nder ballal pucci leñol Bengal, o tagi nate Parama e dow laawol Kolkata.[1][9]

E kitaale 1980 o ummii o fayi to leegal Lake Town, o sosi fedde nokkuyankoore anndiraande bhavana. Ndee fedde waɗii golle ngam laɓɓinde mbuuɗu, kadi ina penta kuɓeeje koɗki e naalankaagal graffiti. Lahiri ina joginoo nokku mum ñaamde e nder ñalngu nguu Durga Puja, ina sooda kebabs.[18]

Ko hannde koo, ko famɗi fof, hay muraadu makko ina wuuri walla ina ɗaccaa majjude sabu waasde jogaade faayiida walla seppo makko teskinngo hono ‘Parama’, ngo wonnoo ko maande wuro ngoo, ngo wonnoo ko nanndi e naalanke oo, ko ɗum ruttitii-ko haala dow ŋakkere e ŋakkere pinal renndo wuro ngoo. O waɗiino kadi junngo makko e jatra, dingiral e diisnondiral pijirlooji e sosiyeteeji bayɗi no- Pijirlooji winndere Pangaea, Sosiyetee Notto, Sosiyetee Manjusri Chaki Dance, Music des Drums e woɗɓe.

## Duuɓi cakkitiiɗi e ndonu
Shanu Lahiri.

Lahiri ina golloo e eɓɓooji naalankaagal renndo haa e nder duuɓi mum capanɗe jeetati. E hitaande 2010 o yuɓɓini eɓɓoore to Hyderabad, o hawriti e almudɓe ummoriiɓe e duɗe ceertuɗe, sukaaɓe wonduɓe e VIH, e sukaaɓe waasɓe, ngam pentude dow mahe suudu Lakshman Bagh e nder ñalɗi mawningol duuɓi 150 Rabindranath Tagore.[8] E hitaande 2010, duuɓi 25 caggal nde o fuɗɗii pentude ɗe, won e naalankaagal makko e nate makko ina njiyee haa jooni, ina heen nate 220 meeteer (67 m) e dow laawol Justice Chandra Madhav to Kolkata.[9]

Lahiri maayi ko to Kolkata ñalnde 1 lewru feebariyee 2013.[17] O rokki gite makko, o wirnaa to nokku wirniiɗo Keoratola. O woppi ɓiyiiko gorko, Arnab e ɓiyiiko debbo, Damayanti.[1]

E sara jokkude yiɗde makko e canvas mawɗe-ngam caɗeele mawnugol e njuuteendi-Shanu Lahiri janfaani hay maande dartaade walla ronkude. Ruuhu e verve mo o anndiraa gila ko ɓooyi, heddii ko ɓuuɓde. Hol to e hol no mbaɗten Shanu Lahiri e nder daartol naalankaagal hanndewal leydi Indiya? E won e fannuuji, ina saɗi siftinde daartol ɓe mbaawaa jogaade darnde e nder ligue toownde, ɓe mbaawaa hay dañde nokku e nder canndolinɗo ngenndiijo ‘naalankooɓe rewɓe’. So tawii yonta makko ina maantiniri naatgol rewɓe e nder duɗe naalankaagal e nder leydi ndii kala e kitaale 1940, ina jeyaa kadi eɓɓooji gadani ɗi rewɓe mbaɗata e nder renndo ngam ƴellitde golle mum en naalankaagal. Yiyngo reductionniste ngo jogaade naalankooɓe seeɗa tan jogiiɓe nafoore ko fenaande mawnde wonande doole e peeje teemedde naalankooɓe. Ndee yi’annde e faamde naalankooɓe leydi Indiya ina ummina seeɗa e asamaan tawa woɗɓe ina maaya tawa keɓaani ko foti. E nder wiɗtooji janngirɗe ko faati e naalankaagal Inndo ina pamɗi, juɓɓule ina ŋakki ƴellitaade e museeji ina ŋakki kaɓirɗe e geɗe arsiif seeɗa-ɗum wonaa huunde weeɓnde wonde ko ɓuri heewde e jaayndeeji e anndinde ngenndiiji ina poti arde e Shanu Lahiri, mo hono heewɓe e yonta mum meeɗaani feeñninaama e nder cirko mawɗo ngenndiijo.

## Njeenaaje
1951-o heɓi njeenaari hooreejo AIFACS ngam njeenaari adanndi e nebam.[19]

1974-heɓi njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e Guwerneer Bengal Hirnaange.

1996- heɓi njeenaari ndii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lalit Kala, to New Delhi.

1999- suɓaama 'Shatabdir Kanya' (Debbo ujunere) e Naba Pratisruti e hitaande rewtunde o suɓaama 'Debbo ujunere' e juuɗe Biswa Bangla Sammelan. E hitaande ndee tan, o rokkaama deftere wiyeteende Nivedita Puraskar.

2000-2013 Hooreejo leydi Indiya, Goomu suɓngo, Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hyderabad.

2002-o heɓi njeenaari Bharat Nirman.

2003-Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Rabindra Bharati rokki mo D.Litt. ngam darnde makko mawnde e naalankaagal yiyteende.

2005- Njeenaari nguurndam ummoraade e fedde kollirgol mbeddaaji & njeenaari Michael Madhusudan.

2008-Fooyre suudu njulaagu Calcutta rokki mo seedantaagal Prabha Khaitan Puraskar.

## Golle
Natal janngirde arandewal ngal naalanke oo waɗi gila 1948

Natal janngirde arandewal ngal naalanke oo waɗi gila 1948.