open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Fedde fuɗɗam Afrik-Ameriki

Leftism afriknaajo-ameriknaajo ko njiimaandi politik nanowal ƴellitiindi hakkunde renndooji afriknaajo-ameriknaajo ceertuɗi e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik.[1] Ɗee ɗoo doole ina ngolloo e geɗe renndo, ina keewi noddude dille ɗe Afriknaaɓe-Ameriknaaɓe ardii, ɗe nganndu-ɗaa ina njiɗi addude won e mbaadiiji sosiyaalisma hakkunde renndo Afriknaaɓe-Ameriknaaɓe e renndo ɓaleeɓe e pelle goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje.[2]

## Goɗɗe
 

## Ndaare kadi
 

* Hakkiilo hakkeeji yimɓe (1896-1954) 
* Fedde fuɗɗorɗe Afrik-Caribe
* Fedde Communiste Amerik e Afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe
* Kuugal ɓaleeɓe ɓaleeɓe nder leyɗeele Amerik
* Ko haani e ɓaleeɓe ɓaleeɓe
* Hip hop e hakkilloore ummaatoore

## Firooji
Presbiteriyanko'en Afrik-Ameriknaaɓe

Presbiterian Afrik-Amerik ko jaaynde diine yontere kala wonande misiyoŋaaji Afrik-Amerik, yaltunde gila 1879 haa 1938, nde sosiyetee bayyinoowo Afrik-Amerik[1][2] e Daniel J. Sanders to Wilmington, Karolina worgo, U.S.[3][4] Ɗerewol ngol wonaano bayyinaango laawɗungo ngo Egliis Presbyterian (PCUSA) yaltini, kono ngol rokkii yiyannde ɓaleeɓe haajuuji..

## Taariiha
Wuro Afrik-Amerikane Presbyterian wurtini kubaruuji je hollitii haalooɓe e ɓaawoji.  Nder lewru abriil 1925, Tuskegee Institute (ko jooni woni Tuskegee University) waɗi kuugal wiɗto e jaɓɓorgo dow limce ɓaleeɓe. Wuro no'o haɓɓii e nder nder nder nder ɗemngal Afrik-Ameriknaaɓe Presbyterian haɓɓii kuuɗe bonɗe ɗe'e nder jaaborgal golle to Tuskegee, haa e oon sahaa PCUSA haɓɓii ko'e maɓɓe e nder wakkati oon. Wuroore nden ɗon wallita hakkilooji suɓaaɓe ɓaleeɓe, duuɓi ɗuuɗɗi yeeso Attawra Hakki Suɓaaɓe nder hitaande 1965. 

Ko'e ɓaawo ndeen, ina waawi heɓde e internet to DigitalNC,  arkifuuji Chronicling America,   Pearl Digital Collection by the Presbyterian Historical Society,  e woɓɓe.

## Ndaare kadi

* Linjiila kubaruuji e kubaruuji Afriknaaɓe
* Liisɗe nder nder nder nderle nderle nder lesdi Afrik e nder lesdi Carolina

## Firooji
Yimɓe Afriknaaɓe Yimɓe Kuugal nder suudu ceerno Texas

Jimi golle Afro-Ameriknaaɓe e nder kasoo Texas ko filmo Ameriknaajo mo Toshi Seeger, karallo ko faati e filmuuji jowitiiɗi e jimɗi leñol, ardii ɗum e hitaande 1966.[1][2] Filma oo ina yuurnitoo yimɓe nanngaaɓe e nder diiwaan Teksas Amerik, nde ɓe taƴata leɗɗe, ɓe njima jimɗi ummoriiɗi e ɗi jiyaaɓe Afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe kuutortoo, ko wayi no field hollers..

Yimɓe Afriknaaɓe e Amerik golle nder suudu ceerno Texas ɗon hawrita e hawrita nder Library of Congress. 

Fim ngal fuu ɗon maɓɓina nder Folkstreams.

## Ndaare kadi

* Liisɗe filmiiji Ameriknaaɓe e hitaande 1966

## Firooji

## Wurooji wurooji
Steve R. Allen

Biyeteeɗo Steve Randall Allen, jibinaa ko e hitaande 1954, ko pentoowo Ameriknaajo.[1][2] Mr. Allen ina anndaa e golle mum ko Naalanke Laawɗo e nder Goomu Olimpiyaade & Paralimpiyaade leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, fuɗɗoraade e Olimpiyaade 1996.[3][4][5][6] E lewru ut 2021, Mr. Allen fuɗɗii eɓɓoore miliyoŋaaji keewɗi dolaar ngam rokkude golle naalankaagal cuɓaaɗe to koleesuuji e duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde ɓaleeɓe taariindi.

## Firooji
Alliyankaaku Yahuudu'en Black

**Fedde yahuud en ɓaleeɓe** ko fedde Ameriknaare fuɗɗiinde to Chicago, Illinois, e hitaande 1995, fedde afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe anndinde hoore mum ko yahuud en e ɓaleeɓe Ibraniyankooɓe. Oon sahaa, ɓe mbiyi ɓe limtii fotde 200 000 yahuud ɓaleejo ina ngondi e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. Limre ndee, nde hawri e Israayiilnaaɓe ɓaleeɓe Ibraniyankooɓe (ɓe nganndaaka wonde yahuud en e diine Yahuuda en mawnde), kam e yahuud en Afriknaaɓe-Ameriknaaɓe Reform, Konservatiif, Ortodoks e Rekonstruksiyoŋ e jibinannde walla tuugnorgal, tuugii ko e feccere e wiɗto 1990 e limooje yahuud en, gila e,2010. fawii ko e firo yahuud.

Yimɓe wonɓe e sosde fedde ndee ko wayi no Robin Washington, Michelle Stein-Evers, e Rabbi Kapers C. Funnye Jr.

Yuɓɓo ngoo nattii golloraade.

## Ƴeew kadi
Yahuudiyankooɓe Amerik

Israayiilnaaɓe ɓaleeɓe Ibraniyankooɓe

Yahuudiyankooɓe haɓaade njiyaagu

## Firooji
Legacy Amerik

American Legacy ko jaaynde yaltunde kala lewru, nde yeewtata ko daartol e pinal Afriknaaɓe-Ameriknaaɓe.[1] Jaaynde ndee woni ko e wuro wiyeteengo Mount Vernon, to New York, nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1995, tawi ko Rodney J. Reynolds sosi nde e fedde wiyeteende Forbes Inc. Tonngoode adannde ndee yalti ko e hitaande 1996.[2] Ko ɓuri ɓooyde e jaaynde ndee ko RJR Communications, Inc.[4] ko ɗum wonti joom timmuɗo jaaynde ndee e lewru Yarkomaa 2009.

Film 2007 The Great Debaters waɗi dow go'o dow dow dow dow Wiley College 1935 dow dow dow haala dow dow dow ko'o wurtini nder nder nder nder hitaande 1997.

Haa hitaande 2007, magazine'en ɗon haani haani 500,000, 80% nder maɓɓe ɗon haani yaaki dow janngooji, haani haɗi haani haadi haadi ha nder limte, haani haa haadi ha haadi haade haadi haandi haadi haɗi haadi haalde haadi haidi haadi haayre.

Jaabawol ngal ummi feere feere hakkunde 2015 e 2023.

## Firooji
Dental Amerik ngal Afriknaaɓe

Fedde Ameriknaare Pinal Afriknaaɓe (AMSAC) ko fedde winndooɓe, naalankooɓe, e annduɓe Afriknaaɓe-Ameriknaaɓe.[1] Fedde nde sosaa ko e batte batu winndooɓe e naalankooɓe ɓaleeɓe e hitaande 1956[2] tuugiiɗo e miijo fr:Société africaine de culture Farayse

Nder lewru Juun 1957, American Society of African Culture (AMSAC) fuɗɗii ha nder nder yimɓe njowe Afrik-Amerikiyanko'en: anndudi politik e gollal hakkeeji yimɓe John A. Davis, taarihikko e anndudi ummatoore Horace Mann Bond (1904-1972), jannginoowo Farayse e jaajorgal Amerik ɓaawoore Will Mercer Cook (1903-1987), anndudiyanke William T. Fontaine (1909-1968) e James Ivy, jaajorɗo NAACP's Crisis. Thurgood Marshall e Duke Ellington boo ɓeen ngoni ardiiɓe. 

Nder wakkati mum ɓeydaaki nder duuɓi 1960s, AMSAC woodi yimɓe 400. Gooto nder ko'e ko'e ɓurɗe darnde darnde nde'e haani hollaade afriknaaɓe Amerik to darnde maɓɓe Afrik. Ɗuum ko yiɗi waɗugo nder kuugal waɗugo hollital, kuugal, kuugal e kuugal nder Amerik (maaki New York) e Afrik (ko'e wakkati fu). AMSAC wurtini bolumji Pan-Africanism Reconsidered e Southern Africa in Transition, ɓe wurtini boɗeeji e dow dow dow dow kaalisuuji e dow kaalisji dow kaalisɗe caaɗeele ɗe AMSAC waɗi nder hitaande I960 e I963, ko wayi no. Sahaa, AMSAC haɓɓii e haɓɓii nder Presence Africaine, Africa Seen by American Negro Scholars. AMSAC kadi wurtini haalde koode tati, African Forum, fuɗɗii e summer 1965 e temme bana go'o Afrik, afrik socialism, mawɗo (e anndal huɓɓugo Fedde Fuuta Fuuta Firooji Negar), konu nder Afrik, e Senegaal e ɓooyi mum.
Lindiyanko'en

Spy Amerik ko deftere nde Lauren Wilkinson winndi, nde Random House yaltini e lewru feebariyee 2019. Barack Obama naatini deftere nde e doggol jaŋngugol mum e hitaande 2019.[1] Deftere ndee ina hollita hare e mawnugol Marie, debbo afriknaajo-ameriknaajo, nde o siftortoo sahaa makko e nder FBI.

## Firooji
Theresa El-Amin

Theresa El-Amin ko Afriknaajo-Ameriknaajo daraniiɗo hakkeeji siwil, yuɓɓinoowo senndikaaji, gonnooɗo tergal e Goomu toppitiingu lannda Green Party to Amerik.

## Biography
El-Amin yahdi to Jaŋde Tuskegee e o laati mo hawtoreeɗo nder hitaande 1966 e jaŋde jaŋde jannginooɓe nonviolent. O fuɗɗi gollaago haa Tuskegee e Atlanta. Nder Atlanta, El-Amin huuwani ngam suudu telefoŋ e ɗon huutora nder Communications Workers of America (CWA). Nder duuɓi 1980 e 1990, El-Amin hawti e Coalition of Labor Union Women (CLUW), Service Employees International Union (SEIU), Solidarity, e Black Workers for Justice (BWFJ). O haɓɓiiɓe gollooɓe nder suudu jaayndeere Cleveland. Ɓaawo ɗun o wallitu e tiggol Fedde Ɓamtaare Amerik nder hitaande 1996. O huuwani e Jobs diga juulɓe diga 1993 haa 2006 e Green Party of Rhode Island nder duuɓi 1990. E hitaande 1999, o laati ardiiɗo jaɓoowo juulɓe juulɓe ngam haɓugo e leñol leñol.

E 5 feebariyee 2013, El-Amin holli wonde o rimmi haa Columbus, Georgia e dow daliila ɗi o hollitaa. O ɗon tokki wolwugo e hawrugo dow ko'e je'e rasism, je'e, je'eeji mayde, e kiita ummaatoore.

## Firooji
Johari Amini

Johari Amini (1935-2023) ko yimoowo, binndoowo, e doktoor Afriknaajo Ameriknaajo.

Amini jibinaa Jewel Latimore nder Philadelphia nder 1935. O mari darnde e darnde Third World Press nder hitaande 1967 e o wondi darnde darnde e nder Institute of Positive Education. O waɗi kadi gollaaku e goɗɗe kuugal darnde Black Arts Movement bana Writers Workshop of the Organization of Black American Culture (OBAC),  nder kuugal ngol NOMMO, Kuumba Theater, e Gwendolyn Brooks Writers' Workshop. O ɗon haɓɓii e haɓɓii bolletin Black Books.  O winndi heewɓe poemji e heewɓe heewɓe ɗi o wurtini nder nder nder nder defte no Black World. O ɗon moofta boo kiropraktiker. O winndi deftere wi'eteeɗo A Commonsense Approach to Eating (1975) nde hawti e laawol maako ɗiɗo nder golle maako.

## Kuugal jeyaaɗo

* *Ɗe fotooji nder Black* (1967) 
* Black Essence (1968) 
* Fable for My People (1971) 
* Let's Go Somewhere (1970) 
* A Hip Tale in Death Style (1970) 
* A Common Sense Approach to Eating (1975).

## Firooji
Michelle Amos

Michelle Amos ko injenieer diisnondirɗo elektoronik to nokku biyeteeɗo John F. Kennedy to NASA.[1] Amos naati NASA ko e hitaande 1990, ko o injenieer diisnondiral elektoronik. O wonii hannde e peewnugol kaɓirɗe kuuraa e kaɓirɗe ɗowgol e nder nokku ƴellitaare karallaagal kesal to KSC, omo golloroo e fedde ballal ngam ƴellitde e winndude kuutorɗe kuuraa mum.[2] Ko kanko woni gardiiɗo eɓɓaande ardiinde golle mbayliigu shuttle e golle retireede.

E hitaande 2002 o heɓi koode All Star Award ha NASA's Women of Color Government e Defense Technology Awards Conference. O laati hooreejo NASA's Black Employee Strategy Team.  O huuwani dow Perseverance, Mars 2020 rover, bana jannginoowo sistem.

Amos jaɓi jaŋde Southern University e A&amp;amp;M College nder 1989 bee jaŋde science nder njanngiral njanngirɗe. E hitaande 2005, o heɓii maggal science nder jaango njannginirgol e nder jaango Florida Central.

## Ko'e teddungal
Nder hitaande 2002 o heɓi All Star Award ha Nasa's Women of Color Government e Defense Technology Awards Conference. O laati hooreejo darnde NASA's Black Employee Strategy Team.   [ ɓeydaade] E hitaande 2003, o heɓi KSC Strategic Leadership Award.

## Nolde hoore
Amos jibini nder Baton Rouge, Louisiana, to Dunk e Dorothy Wright, gooto nder ɓiɓɓe sappo. Amos woni goomu kawral Yeesu Almasiihu nder Wuro Ceniiɓe Yimɓe Yimɓe Murtuɓe (LDS Church). O e gorko maako, John D. Amos, ɓe woodi ɓiɓɓe tati, ɓe njooɗi Oviedo, Florida. Nder 2020, Amos e gorko maako fuɗɗiima duuɓi tati ngam arda Misiyon Baton Rouge Louisiana ha LDS Church. 

## Firooji
Caesar Antoine

Caesar Carpentier Antoine (hedde 1836-1921) ko soldaat, jom njulaagu, winndiyanke, e politik Republikaan Afriknaajo-Ameriknaajo to Luwisiyana e jamaanu mahngo.

## Biography
O jibini bana neɗɗo mo wolwanɗo e New Orleans. Ɓiɗɗo maako o Felix C. Antoine.  

Nder konu lesdi, o waɗi gollal hooreejo nder 7th Louisiana Regiment Infantry e 10th U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery Regiment. Caggal konu, o dilli haa Shreveport, Louisiana. O wonnoo goomu kawral Methodist Episcopal Church of St. Paul's Colored e o jooɗii nder wuro Allendale.

O suɓii wonde senatoore leydi ngam Caddo Parish e hitaande 1868, o jokki nder kawtal leydi Luusiyana. O waɗi haa 1872, nde o suɓii ngam o waɗugo laamɗo Louisiana, o woni gorko tataɓo mo ɓaleeɓe jogiiɗo golle ɗe.   O mari ardiiɗo wardi e P.B.S. Pinchback, ardiiɗo maako.

O laati Mawɗo mawnugo nder Freemasonry nder 1884. Shreveport's Freemason Lodge Number 185 of the Prince Hall Masons is named in his honor.

E hitaande 1887, o jokkondiri e Comité des Citoyens, wonde o haɓɓi e kiisa Plessy v. Ferguson, o warti hooreejo leydi.

## Tawi e teddungal

* Nder hitaande 2008, C. C. Antoine Celebration haɓɓii bana ko waɗata hitaande kala nder Shreveport nder hitaande Black History Month.
* Fuude mawngo fuɗɗii haɓɓugo nder mawngo Antoine nder Nyalnde Mawngo, 31 Mee 1999.
* E hitaande 1984, nokkuure Shreveport nodditii nder Antoine e nder ɗum, ɗum waɗi e nder ɗum.
* Duuje Antoine nder Shreveport hawriti nder nder nder nder National Register of Historic Places nder 20 August 1999. Ɗum halki ngam yiite nder lewru Mee 2022.

## Ndaare kadi

* Lisi gomnati ɓaleeɓe e laamɓe gomnati nder leydi Amerik

## Firooji
Maatkare B

**Maatkare B** ko debbo Firawna Osorkon I, yumma mum mawɗo almuudo Amun Shoshenq C. Maatkare ko ɓiy Psusennes II (anndiraaɗo kadi Pasebkhanut II).

Maatkare anndiraa diga fuɗɗuje feere. Fuude maako, ko ɗon haani tan e dow maare (Marseille, Musée Borély no. 432) waawaa wonde ko naftoroo e laamu keso. Ɗuum laamiiɗo Nail - jooni nder British Museum (BM 8) - hokki ɓiɗɗo maako Shoshenq C, o anndini baaba maako Osorkon I e Maatkare. Maatkare noddiraa *Ɓiɗɗo debbo laamiiɗo ... * *Har-Psusennes II, mo Amun yiɗi*. Nder sariyaaji diga Karnak Cachette (Kairo Museum CG 42194), kadi haɓɓii e ɓiɗɗo maako Shoshenq, Maatkare ina woodi suɓaaji annabi Hathor, Lady of Dendera, God's Mother of Harsomtus, e Debbo Laamiiɗo.

Karnak binndi dow pilon jeeɗiɗiɗam noddi debbo biyeteeɗo Maatkare, Debbo Laamiiɗo Psusennes Honooɗo Amun, nden ɗum ɗon miijoore ngam holla Maatkare B.

## Firooji
Magas Misra

**Magas** (Mάγας e ɗemngal Gerek; 241 ko adii jibineede Iisaa - 221 ko adii jibineede Iisaa) ko taaniiko Magas mo Siren, ko ɓiy Ptolemy Euergetes (246–221 ko adii jibineede Iisaa) e Berenis. Ko miñiiko biyeteeɗo Ptolemy Philopator (221-204 ko adii jibineede Iisaa) wari mo, ko juuti caggal nde o heɓi laamu, e dow yamiroore Sosibius.

## Ancestry
 

## Firooji

* Smith, William (editor); *Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology*, "Magas (2) ", Boston, (1867) 

## Ɗeɗe
Maya (Maammo Mawɗo Amun)

**Maya** walla **May** ko Limaam mawɗo Amun to Ejipt ɓooyɗo, haa ko famɗi fof hitaande 4 Akhenaten.

## Biography
Mee ina anndaa gila e yah-ngartaa e hitaande 4 haa Wadi Wadi Hammamat. Faandaare njillu nguu ko ƴettude kaaƴe ngam waɗde nate laamɗo oo.
 
Ɗe dow laawol haa Wadi Abu Quwei, ɓe ɗon wi'a dow ko ardiiɗo limanjo waɗi e yimɓe 253. Soodiraaɓe ɓen ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon hawtina hooreejo hooreejo hooreeɓe ɓe ɗon wi'a Ry e hooreejo maɓɓe amenmose.

Aldred holli Meryptah waɗi Ptahmose'en hooreejo ardiiɓe diina Amun, o waɗi gollal haa sakkinde laamu Amenhotep III. So Maya waɗi ko Meryptah.Donald Redford wi'i Maya ko ɓooyma ngam Ptahmose e Ptahmuse waɗi daga sakkinde laamu Amenhotep III haa fuɗɗam wakkati Akhenaten. 

## Maayi e ɓandu
Maya ɗon meeɗa anndugo ɓaawo hitaande 4, nden ɗum waawi wonde o maayi ɓaawo ndeen kuugal. 

ostracon be innde e innde hooreejo limanjo Amun May heɓii Fisher wakkati nder nder nder nder 1921-1923 nder Dra' Abu el-Naga. Ɗum ɗon wondi nder Penn Museum (Nambar ngal: 29-87-419). Maayi'en maayi'en ɗon anndina nder Dra' Abu el-Naga' ngam ɗum maayi K99.1 ngam bandita lesdi Germany dow hooreejo D. Polz. Wonde sari'a Maya, e dow tagdi ngol wi'i "Maya, Goobnetaar e hooreejo ardiiɓe diina nder lesdi Misra, 1400 BC" nder suudu museum Misra nder Berlin. Mawɗo Sabo'en Misra Maaki laatoto mawɗo sabo'en ɗiɗo nder cuuɗi diina "Sais" e "On". https://www.alamy.com/berlin-germany-ancient-egyptian-seated-statue-of-maya-governor-and-chief-of-the-priests-wearing-the-gold-of-honour-new-museum-new-kingdom-pe-image241818317.html

## Firooji
Felix C. Antoine

Felix C. Antoine (hedde 1839 – 1917) ko depitee diiwaan Luwisiyana e jamaanu mahngo.

Nder konu lesdi, o huuwani bana laftinaande ɗiɗaɓo nder 7th Louisiana Regiment Infantry. O waɗi nder suudu daraniiɓe Louisiana diga 1868 haa 1872.

O waɗi boo ko hooreejo galle nder New Orleans e o laati ardiiɗo galle nder galle doggol. 

O jibinaa e New Orleans. O woni ɓurɗo ɓiyugo Caeser Antoine mo o golli nder Senate Louisiana e hooreejo leydi Louisiana.

## Firooji
Charles F. Armstrong

**Charles F. Armstrong** (25 Maaris 1919 - 9 Maayu 1965) ko siyaasanko e jaayndiyanke Amerik nder Illinois.

## Ngeendam
Armstrong jibinaa ko to leydi Karolina worgo. Ko o Afriknaajo Ameriknaajo. Armstrong naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Tuskegee e duɗal sariya John Marshall. O golliima e konu Amerik e wolde adunaare ɗimmere. Armstrong wonnoo ko balloowo awokaa dowla to diiwaan Cook, to leydi Illinois. O hoɗi ko to Chicago, Illinois e debbo makko e ɓesngu makko, omo wondi e lannda Demokaraasi. Armstrong golliima e suudu sarɗiiji leydi Illinois tuggi 1957 haa o maayi e hitaande 1965. Armstrong maayi ko ɗoon e ɗoon e rafi ɓernde to galle makko to Chicago caggal nde o rafi rafi grippe.

## Tuugnorgal
Athens Voice (joornaal)

***Athens Voice*** ko jaaynde Afriknaajo-Ameriknaajo to Aten, leydi Georgia. Cosi jaaynde ndee ko almuɓɓe biyeteeɗo Fred O. Smith e Mike Thurmond. Tonngoode adannde ndee yalti ko ñalnde 12 lewru nduu hitaande 1975.:190 Caggal ɗuum, ko sosiyetee bayyinoowo ***[[Atlanta Voice]]*** yaltini ɓataake oo.

## Firooji
Mazaces

**Mazaces**, kadi ko **Mazakes** (Iraan ɓooyɗo: Mazdāka, Aram: 𐡌𐡆𐡃𐡊 MZDK), ko satrap Akemenid cakkitiiɗo e Misra ɓooyɗo e laamu cakkitiingu Dariyus III e laamu 31ɓiire Misra.

Mazaces ɓaawo Sabaces ɓaawo maayde maako nder konu Issus (333 BCE). Kuugal maako waɗi duuɓi cappanɗe go'o: nde Alexander Mawɗo waɗi Misra haa sakkatii 332 BCE, Mazaces walaa baawɗe soja ngam haɓugo. Ngam jaɓugo Amminapes, mo anndi Aleksander boo, Mazaces hokki leydi Makedoniya'en, walaa haɓre, bee jawdi talanta 800. Ɗuum ko ɓaawo sarruuji ɗiɗawɗi ɗiɗawji Misra (343-332 BCE).

Ɗum anndaa ko waɗi Mazaces caggal ɗum, amma Alexander hokki darnde satrapu Misra to Cleomenes Griki Naucratis yeeso o dilli fuunaaŋge. 

Sabakes waawaa wonde ko satrapu Mesopotamiya ngam hokki mo ceede, ngam ko cooliiɗi nder innde maako e nder ɗemngal nanondiral e sabake Misra, ɗon wondi nder nokkuure nde, nden satrapu Mesopotamia wakkati maajum ɗon anndinaay.

Sattrap ɓaawo Mesopotamiya woni Bleitor.

## Firooji
Rufus B. Atwood

Rufus Ballad Atwood (1897—1983) ko jannginoowo Ameriknaajo, gardiiɗo jaŋde, hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Ko kanko woni hooreejo go’o e ɓurɗo juutde balɗe e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kentucky to Frankfort, to leydi Kentucky.

## Ɓiɗɗo
Rufus Ballad Atwood jibini nder hitaande 1897, nder Hickman, Kentucky.   O yahi Fisk Academy e Fisk University nder Nashville, Tennessee, o jaati nder hitaande 1920 e jaangirde bachelor nder anndal bayoloji caggal nde o halfini janngude maako ngam o jaajora nder konu lesdi Amerik nder konu duuniyaaru arande, to o heɓii koode dowla dowla booɗnde. Atwood heɓi darnde bachelor diga Iowa State University nder 1923 e darnde master diga University of Chicago.

## Kuugal
Nder hitaande 1923, Atwood laati ardiiɗo (e ɓaawo ɗon moodi) nder nder nder nder lesdi Farayse nder lesdi Texas, nder hitaande 1929 o jaɓi hooreejo nder lesdi Kentucky ngam yimɓe ɓaleere, haa o jooɗii haa hitaande 1962, o heɓii hooreejo dowla dowla dowle Kentucky ngam duuɓi 33 nder kuugal maako. Nder laamu maako, Kentucky State heɓii jaangoore bana jaangoore duuɓi nayi. Atwood heɓi darnde teddungal e Lane College e Monrovia College e Industrial Institute, e nder hitaande 1962 o heɓi Algernon Sydney Sullivan Citizen Medallion.

Nder duuɓi 1940 e 1950 nde jaŋdeeji ɗi ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe njogii, ɓe waɗi jaŋde jaŋdeji ɗi ɓe ɓe ɓaleeɓe tan ɓe ɓe ɓe, Atwood haɓɓi ngam ɓe njogita dowla Kentucky, ɓe ɓe ɓeydoo. Ɗuum lebbi njooɗiɗo caggal nde Maay 1954 Kotirde Mawɗeere waɗi kiita tagdi, Kentucky State jaɓɓii jannginoowo maako arandeejo ɓaleere. *Atwood Institute for Race, Education, and the Democratic Ideal* of Kentucky State University ina noddi e makko. 

## Firooji
The Barber (1916 film)

The Barber ko fijirde komediya to William D. Foster e hitaande 1916. Film ngal waɗi e black and white.


Daartol filmo oo hollitii baroowo ina nana soodoowo ina ɗaɓɓa jannginoowo ɗemngal Españool ngam debbo mum, e fenaande, e hijinks.

Fim ngal haɓɓii nder fannu Henry "Teenan" Jones, jaagorɗo The Elite Café.   Film ngal ina jogii Anna Holt, Howard Kelly, e Edgar Lillison

## Firooji
Medunefer

**Medunefer** ko cafroowo gite Misra ɓooyɗo, hoɗnooɗo e Laamu ɓooyngu, hedde 2500 ko adii jibineede Iisaa. Medunefer anndaaka tan ko e mastaba makko mo Selim Hassan ƴetti to Giza Oo mastaba ko bolol gonngol e ŋorol gonngol e nder mum, ngol ko jumaa tokooso tan. Feccere fawaande tan heddii ko lintel damal hollirngal Medunefer ina jooɗii. Ina woodi kadi binndi juutɗi limtooji tiitooɗe Medunefer. E wiyde binndol ngol, ko o ganndo laamɗo, joom sirluuji laamɗo, gardiiɗo safrooɓe gite laamɗo e cafroowo laamɗo. Alaa ko heewi ko anndaa e makko. *Dating* laaɓtuɗo waawaa.

## Firooji
AALBC.com

**AALBC.com**, woni fedde defte binndol Afriknaajo-Ameriknaajo, ko lowre internet baɗte defte e filmuuji ɗi Afriknaajo-Ameriknaajo e yimɓe iwdi Afriknaajo, tawa kadi ko loowdi mum woni ko e defte Afriknaajo-Ameriknaajo. AALBC.com ina yaltina ƴeewte defte e filmuuji, nate winndooɓe, kaɓirɗe ngam winndooɓe e binndanɗe jowitiiɗe heen. AALBC fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1998, ko Troy Johnson sosi ɗum. Ko adii fof ko rewɓe Afriknaaɓe-Ameriknaaɓe ɓe duuɓi mum en njahrata e hakkundeere. AALBC ina yeeynoo defte ko adii ɗuum rewrude e porogaraam affiliate Amazon.com, caggal ɗuum fuɗɗii golloraade porogaraam mum desorɗe e saaktude.

## Hiimobe
George Houston Bass

George Houston Bass (23 abriil 1938 – 18 suwee 1990)[1][2] ko Ameriknaajo binndoowo, gardinooɗo e winndiyanke. O hoɗi, o golliima to Providence, to Islaam Rhode. O sosi Rites and Reason Theatre to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Brown e lewru suwee 1970. O woniino kadi binndoowo binndol e njuɓɓudi binndol yimoowo biyeteeɗo Langston Hughes.[3] Bass sosi fedde Langston Hughes e hitaande 1981 e bayyinaango fedde nde, ƴeewndo Langston Hughes, e hitaande 1982.

Bass ina jogii ko o winndi ko o winndii e nder konngol yimɓe "Sea Lion Woman" nde Nina Simone waɗi e hitaande 1964. Wuro 1965 diga Hughes ɗon holla ɗum bee "secretary am mawɗo SEA LION WOMAN [Nina] ɗon hawtina bee nder kala concert".

## Jaɓɓorgo Kewuuji

* Harlem Cultural Council Award, 1969.

## Firooji
Ɗerewol nyaamdu nduu

Black Lunch Table (BLT) ko eɓɓoore arsiif daartol haalpulaar en to Amerik, sosaande e hitaande 2005, jowitiinde e nguurndam e golle naalankooɓe ɓaleeɓe.[1] Golle maggal ina mbaɗi defte binndaaɗe e haala, salonuuji, golle janngingol hakkunde sehilaaɓe, kawral, e mbayliigu Wikipedia.[2] BLT ina renndina yimɓe ngam waɗde jeewte ko fayti e binndol, winndude, e ƴellitde daartol naalankaagal kuuɓtidinngal.[1][3][4] Ina jeyaa e faandaare mayre, ƴellitde njiyaagu e jinnaaɓe e nder Wikipedia, e hirjinde binndanɗe Wikipedia jowitiiɗe e naalankooɓe Afriknaaɓe-Ameriknaaɓe..

## Taariiha
Firooɓe Jina Valentine e Heather Hart ummorii Black Lunch Table (BLT) nder hitaande 2005 e waɗde ko Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture artist residency. BLT waɗi jaaynde-a-thons haa nokkuuje feere feere e nder nder nder nder Boston University, Rutgers, The New School, BRIC Arts Media, e woɓɓe.

BLT heɓii darnde non-profit nder hitaande 2019.

Haa 2020, darnde nden ɗon jaɓɓa kuugal Wikipedia 72 nder lesdi joweego, ɗon waɗa kuugal kesum 385 e jaɓugo fotooji kesum 727. Jaɓɓorgo Ganndal ngal heɓi ceede e Mellon Foundation, Warhol Foundation, The Reva & David Logan Foundation, Ruth Foundation for the Arts, Ford Foundation, Wikimedia Foundation, Foundation for Contemporary Art, e nder kuuje goɗɗe.

## Firooji
Mehu

**Mehu** ko wazier Misra ɓooyɗo, wuurnooɗo e laamu jeegom, hedde hitaande 2300 ko adii jibineede Iisaa. Biro waziir ko kañum ɓuri teeŋtude e galle laamorɗo. Mehu ɓuri anndeede ko e mastaba mum mawɗo to Saqqara, mo woɗɗaani Piramid Unas.. 

Sabo taariikol Mehu ɗon hawta nder Egyptology. Hartwig Altenmüller wurtini limgal ngal mastaba nden e nder wakkati laamiiɗo Teti. O holli wonde gooto e deeriraaɓe Mehu e innde Iynefret ko nanondiral e wizir feere biyeteeɗo Iynefrel, mo waawi wonde e fuɗɗoode Dynasty Joweego. Ɓeydi noon, Mehu waɗi ko o laamiiɗo laamiiɗo to Djed-sut-Teti, ɗum woni piramid complex of king Teti. Yimɓe feere ɗon wi'a o ɗon taari wakkati wakkati laamiiɗo Pepy I.

Maamiraaɓe Mehu, e ɓesdaare baaba'en maako, ɓe anndaa, ammaa o ɓurnoo ɓadi diga Mendes.Mehu woodi rewɓe ɗiɗo, gooto e maɓɓe noddiraa Nebet, go'oto e Neferkaus.

Mehu ɗon mari limgal mawɗo nder nder nder nder ko'e maako. Ɗi hawti e ko'e wi'i'e vizir, ammaa o ɗon boo o ɗonno o ɗonno hooreejo jawdi, hooreejo suudu ɗiɗawre, hooreejo Misra haa lesdi, e hooreejo kuuɗe laamiije fuu. Ɓiɓɓe feere ɗon anndina nder yenaande. Gooto nder ɓiɓɓe maako boo ina wi'etee Mery, ammaa innde maako ɗon ɓeydaama. Ɓiɗɗo maako feere ɗon Hetepka. Nder mastaba Mehu woodi kuuje je ɗon haɓɓii ngam vizir biyeteeɗo Hetepka. Ɗum waawi wonde o ɓiɗɗo Mehu, koo nde hujjaaji ɗiɗawɗi ngam anndingo ɗum ɗon maaya. Viser Hetepka waawaa wonde tan wonde goomu nder saare Mehu. Ɓiɓɓe Mehu ɗiɗo anndiraaɓe ngoni ɓiɗɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Merut e ɓiɗɗo gorko biyeteeɗo Khuy.

Mehu ɗon huuwa nder laamu laamiiɗo Teti, mo nastini Unas.

## Galeriyaaji

File:Tomb_of_Mehu,_chief_justice_and_vizier_of_King_Teti,_6th_dynasty,_ca_2345-2323_BCE;_Saqqara_(87).jpg
File:Tomb_of_Mehu,_chief_justice_and_vizier_of_King_Teti,_6th_dynasty,_ca_2345-2323_BCE;_Saqqara_(70).jpg
File:Tomb_of_Mehu,_chief_justice_and_vizier_of_King_Teti,_6th_dynasty,_ca_2345-2323_BCE;_Saqqara_(86).jpg
File:Tomb_of_Mehu,_chief_justice_and_vizier_of_King_Teti,_6th_dynasty,_ca_2345-2323_BCE;_Saqqara_(78).jpg


## Firooji
Menkheperre

**Menkheperre**, ɓiy Pinedjem I e debbo mum biyeteeɗo Duathathor-Henuttawy (ɓiy Ramses XI e debbo mum Tentamon), ko Limaam mawɗo Amun to Tebes to Misra ɓooyɗo tuggi 1045 ko adii jibineede Iisaa haa 992 ko adii jibineede Iisaa, kadi ko kanko woni laamɗo de facto to bannge worgo leydi ndii.

## Biography
Ɓiɗɗo Menkheperre ɓurɗo mawnugo, Masaharta, tokki baaba maɓɓe Pinedjem I bana Mawɗo Mawɗo Mawɓe. O tokki goɗɗo ɓiy, Djedkhonsuefankh, ɓaawo mayde maako, nder hitaande 25 nder Smendes I, Menkheperre laati Mawɗo Mawɓe Mawɓe.  E hoore nde ɓurɗo mo'o mo'o laamu Tanis no Firawna Psusennes I, laamu Menkheperre, bana nde Masaharta, footi footi. Menkheperre waɗi innde laamu maako " annabi arandeejo Amun ", bana baaba maako Herihor waɗi, ko waawata hollaago kuugal ngal, koo nde o waɗi cartouche feere to ardiiɓe mum nder suudu dewal mawndu.

Menkheperre waree ɓiyum Isetemkheb, ɓiɗɗo ɓiyum Psusennes I e debbo wi'i. Ɓiɓɓe maɓɓe ɓeen:

* Smendes II, noddiraaɗo Nesbanebdjed II, mo tokki mo bana Mawɗo Safaaɓe.
* Henuttawy C, debbo Smendes II, Chantress Amun. O ɗon anndina dow piilooji sappo nder suudu Karnak. O haɓɓii nder duumi Deir el-Bahari MMA60, ɓooyi maako ɗon haa Boston e New York. O woodi ɓiɗɗo debbo bi'eteeɗo Isetemkheb.
* Pinedjem II, Mawɗo Mawɓe Mawɓe Ɓiɓɓe caggal maayde sakiraaɓe maako. O warei debbo maako Isetemkheb, o warti baaba Firawna Psusennes II.
* Isetemkheb D, debbo Pinedjem II.
* Hori, limanjo Amun e Seth. Mummy maako e kuuje maako ɗon ha Bab el-Gasus (Deir el-Bahari) e ɗon ha Cairo.
* Meritamen, Chantress of Amun. O haɓɓii e Bab el-Gasus nder laamu Psusennes II. Kuje maako ɗon nder Cairo.
* Gautseshen, Chantress of Montu. O haɓɓii nder Bab el-Gasus, ɓooyi maako e papyrus ɗon haa Cairo. O waree e Tjanefer, annabi tataɓo Amun. Ɓiɓɓe maɓɓe, Pinedjem e Menkheperre laati annabaajo tataɓo e joweetati nder Amun, ko'e maɓɓe.
* Psusennes, limanjo Min, Horus e Isis e Coptos, anndiraa diga stela e British Museum. 

## Ndaare kadi

* Banishment Stela, stela je Menkheperre waɗi wakkati pontificate maako fuɗnaande nden ɗon hawta e jaɓugo jaɓugo ko'e yimɓe ɓe ɗon jeyaa.

## Firooji



## Jaŋde ɓeydi

* Philippe Collombert, Quand Menkheperre s'adresse à Amon (Stèle du Bannissement, L.12), nder: RdÉ 48 (1997), 257-259.
* Gabrielle Dembitz, The Oracular Inscription of the High Priest of Amun Menkheperre in the Khonsu Temple at Karnak, in: A. Hudecz - M. Petrik (eds): Gollorgal e jawdi nder Misra wakkere. Kuugal Congreeji Duuɓiirɗi ngam Egyptologists Young; 25-27 Septemba 2009, 2010
* Cathie Spieser, La titulature du grand-prêtre d'Amon Menkheperré de la statuette N43 du Musée de Durham, nder: CdÉ 77 (2002), 47-54
* Cahail, K.M & Damarani, A. (2016), "Sarkofagum hooreejo limanjo Amun, Menkheperre, diga wuro monastere Coptic Apa Musa to Abydos". *Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Abteilung Kairo (MDAIK) * 72, pp. 11-30.&nbsp;
Mentuherkhepeshef (di ɓiɗɗo Ramesses IX)

**Mentuherkhepeshef** ko laamɗo Misra ɓooyɗo, laamu 20ɓiire, ɓiy firawna biyeteeɗo Ramses IX.

Innde maako boo ɗon tawaa bana *Ramesses-Montuherkhepeshef.* O wonnoo ɓiyɗo Firawna Ramesses X e Prince Nebmaatre. O haɓɓii nder maaru maako KV19 nder Valley of the Kings, je ɗon haani ɗum waɗaa ngam Ramesses VIII. Koode maako ngoni: Ɓiɗɗo Laamiiɗo arandeejo ɓandu maako; Ɓiɗɗo laamiiɗo ardeejo ɓandu muuɗum; Generalissimo; e hooreejo lesdi ɗiɗo.

## Fedde
Ɗeereeji Cuuɗi dow Firooji Cuuɗi

***Black Shadows on a Silver Screen*** is a 1975 documentary film about African American cinema. It was distributed by Lucerne Films. Steven York directed and edited the film. Ossie Davis narrates.

Film ngal hollitii nder Cannes Film Festival 1977. Thomas Cripps winndi film ngal. Ray Hubbard waɗi kuugal e Stephan Henriquez e William Bowman waɗi kuugal nder Post-Newsweek Productions.

Film Firoonde ɓaawo ɓaawo ɓernde wootere ɗon fahin nder film dowla. Foli ɗi diga filmaaji feere feere hawti bee *Pinky*, Hearts in Dixie, *So Red the Rose*, e Birth of a Nation.

## Ndaare kadi

* Sinema Afriknaajo Amerik
* *Midnight Ramble*, film dow taariika fuɗɗam filmooji Ameriknaaɓe ɓaleeɓe hakkunde 1910 e 1950

## Firooji
Merenhor

**Merenhor** ina waawi wonde laamɗo laamu go’aɓuru e nder leydi Misra ɓooyndi e nder yontaaji hakkundeeji gadani. Innde makko ina seedtini tan e doggol laamɓe Abydos (n. 46). Merenhor alaa e canon Turin sabu lacuna mawɗo e nder ndeeɗoo winndannde ina toɗɗii ko ɓuri heewde e laamɓe laamu 7/8. Alaa winndannde walla mahdi hannde ndi innde makko tawaa.

## Firooji
Duniyaaru Ɓaleejo Hannde

**duniyaaru baleejo**

Aduna ɓaleejo hannde ko lowre kabaruuji e miijooji nde Don Rojas (gonnooɗo gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Grenada, hono Maurice Bishop) sosi e lewru sulyee 1996. Herb Boyd wonnoo ko National Editor.Kuugal lowre ndee ko "taariindi ñalnde kala ko woni goonga renndo, politik, pinal e faggudu renndooji e leyɗeele ɓaleeɓe."[2Fooyre lowre ndee hannde majjii, lowre rajo internet jokkondirnde e mum Black World Radio, nde wonnoo... kadi fuɗɗorii ko Rojas, heddii ina golloo e nder Reso Jaayɗe Aduna ɓaleejo.

The Black World Today (TBWT) woodi yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɓe ɗon hokkata golla, hawtiɓe Conrad Worrill (National Black United Front), Ron Daniels (Centre for Constitutional Rights), Ron Walters (University of Maryland, College Park), Earl Ofari Hutchinson (New America Media), Bill Fletcher Jr. (TransAfrika and International Labor Rights Forum), Hugh Price (National Urban League), Manning Marable (Columbia University), e Kevin Powell (Cultural Activist).

TBWT naa'a ɗon haɗi bee partiji siyasa goɗɗi, amma ɗon jaɓɓa kuugal ngam jam duniyaaru. O hollitii yimɓe ɓaleeɓe ɓe ɓe mari jawdi e teknoloji ɓuuɓuɗi ngam ɓeydude ɓamtaare nder jawdi duniyaaru dow anndal, nder goonɗinal nde huutoreeji internet waawaa haani haani haɗi laawol ngam ɓeydugo hokkude laamu nder lesdi Amerika e nder duniyaaru.

## Ɗeɗe

## Kuulaaji
 Web site ngal TBWT
* Web site ngal Herb Boyd
*
Yimɓe ɓaleeɓe e Yahuudiyankooɓe (film)

Ɓaleeɓe e yahuud en ko filmo binndaaɗo e hitaande 1997, ƴeewtotooɗo jokkondiral e luural hakkunde daraniiɓe ɓaleeɓe e yahuud en, gila e fitinaaji Crown Heights e hitaande 1991 haa e njillu Steven Spielberg mo luural mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Castlemont, ɗo ɓaleeɓe ɓuri heewde, caggal nde won e almudɓe njalti e sahaa nde ɓe njiylotonoo S.

Fim ngal hawti e ko waɗi e nder duuɓi 1960s bana ɓaawo ɓaawo ɓooyde ɓaawo ɓesngu Chicago" id="mwFQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="North Lawndale, Chicago">Lawndale e West Side Chicago e ko Rabbi waɗani ngam ngam ngam ngam ɓe ɓeyda ɓesngu nder ummaatoore nden e baaba e ɓiɗɗo Hasidic ɓe ɓe ɓeydi haani e haani haani ha haani ha ɓaawo maayde Gavin Cato e haani Hasidic.

Black and Jews waɗi Deborah Kaufman e Alan Snitow. Fim ngal waɗi 90 minutit e nder PBS's Point of View series.

Film on hollitii nder festival Sundance Film Festival e nder Park City, Utah, hitaande 1997.

## Ndaare kadi

* Chabad nder filim e tele
* *Yiite nder Mirror*
* *Wondiral ɓoyma hakkunde yimɓe ɓe ɓaleeɓe e Yahuudiyankooɓe*
Bluebird, Bluebird

Bluebird, Bluebird ko deftere Attica e hitaande 2017. Jikku maggal ɓurɗo mawnude ko Afriknaajo-Ameriknaajo Ranger, Darren Matthews, to bannge fuɗnaange diiwaan oo. O yuurnitoo maayde afriknaajo-ameriknaajo goɗɗo, awokaa Chicago ina wiyee Michael Wright, to wuro Lark.

Fuuɗal ngal ina woodi subtitle "A Highway 59 Novel" ngam haala ngal waɗata ko e nder laawol ngol; Locke hoore mum ina woodi yimɓe mum jooɗiiɓe nder ummaatooje nder laawol ngol.

Neely Tucker diga The *Washington Post* winndi "o'ndii e nder wakkati wakkati wakkati fuɗnaaki".

Esi Edugyan diga The Guardian winndi wonde kuugal ngal "ko haala haala ɓeydaande" ina woodi "koode ɓeydaade nder kuugal ɓeydaani" e goɗɗe nder kuugal mum.

E hitaande 2018, roman ngal heɓi ko Edgar Award for Best Novel.

## Firooji
Ernest Boger

Ernest Boger woni afriknaajo-ameriknaajo gadano naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Florida worgo e hitaande 1961, hitaande caggal nde duɗal ngal (sosaangal wonande ɓaleeɓe tan) udditaa.

Boger waɗi jaŋde nder Blake High School nder Tampa, Florida, o heɓii jaŋde 492 nder 495 nder jaŋde maako. Nder nder nder hitaande 1961, o laati arandeejo Afrik-Amerikiyankoore nder USF. Nde o ɗon nder suudu janngirde, Boger e bandiraaɓe maako beɓe ɓeen ɓeen ɓe ɗon ɓeen ɓe kaɓɓi bandiraaɓe maɓɓe. Boger jaɓi jaŋde nder hitaande 1965 e jaŋde e nder ɗemngal ɓesngu, e nder ɗam ɗemngal ɗemngal Rus e nder ɗamndi. O heɓii MBA diga Jaŋde North Texas e Doctor of Management diga International Management Centres Association (IMCA), Buckingham, Ingiltere.

O laati mo profesoore. O haɓɓii haalde e hitaande 2003.

## Firooji
James L. Boldridge

**James L. Boldridge** (nyalde Daygo sappo e didi 17 lewru desaambar e nder dubi alif 1868 - 18 mee 1918) ko jannginoowo pucci lolluɗo e darorɗe teeminannde 19ɓiire e puɗal teeminannde 20 ɓiire, ko kanko tan woni Afriknaajo-Ameriknaajo goɗɗo mo wonaa Hiram Young wirnaa e nder safrirde Independence, Missouri along wondude e ardiiɓe/pioneeruuji wuro tedduɓe woɗɓe, e sahaa nde wirwirnde Afriknaaɓe-Ameriknaaɓe seerndi.

## References
Boston Mutual Lyceum

**Boston Mutual Lyceum** was an African American lyceum organization founded in 1833.

## Dental
Ɗum hawti e rewɓe e woodi mawɗo hooreejo debbo. Ɗi ɗiɗo nder mawɓe njowo ɓeen ɓeen ɓe rewɓe. Adelphic Union wonnoo jamma ɗemngal Afrik Amerik nder Boston wakkati go'o.

Yimɓe ardiiɓe ɓeen ɓeen ɓe: Dudley Tidd, hooreejo; Joel W. Lewis, hooreejo ardiiɗo; Sarah H. Annible, hooreejo amaru ardiiɗo, Nath Cutler, hooreejo leydi; e Thomas Dalton, hooreejo laamorde. Mawɓe ɓeen ngoni Joseph H. Gover, John B. Cutler, Henry Carroll, Lucy Lew debbo Thomas Dalton e ɓiɗɗo debbo Barzillai Lew, e Mary Williams. Josiah Holbrook wallitii haɓɓuki bandol ngol.

Tidd wonnooɗo golluɗo o wartii joomum goonɗinɗo e Dalton, mo wonnoo bootblack.

Wuro warngo ɓaleeɓe ɓaleeɓe The Liberator, ɗum wurtini William Lloyd Garrison, wurtini habaru dow ɓesngu yimɓe ɓeen e dow ardiiɓe maɓɓe.

Lucy Lew Dalton woni go'o nder Boston Women's Heritage Trail.

## Ndaare kadi

* Jaŋde Abiel Smith
* Masasoit Gardiyaaɓe

## Firooji
Charles Sumner Bowman

Charles Sumner Bowman (hedde hitaande 1873-anndaaka), ko Ameriknaajo mahoowo e jannginoowo. O joginoo fedde makko mahdi to wuro Kansas, Kansas, o woniino gardiiɗo departemaa gollorɗe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hirnaange to Quindaro, Kansas tuggi hitaande 1898 haa 1902.

## Biography
Charles Sumner Bowman jibini nder hitaande  nder Mississippi. O e bandiraaɓe maako tati ɓeen ɓeen ɓe ɓeen ɓe'e ɓeen ɓe maama maɓɓe go'o Mattie (ko Marta) Bowman, mo ɓeen ɓeya ɓeen ɓe maayi, ɓeen ɓe ngaɗi gollude e wonde ɓeen ɓe ngonaa mawɓe nder wuro Vicksburg.

O yahi jaŋde jemma nder Tuskegee Institute (jooni Tuskegee University) fuɗɗugo nder 1892. Ha 1895, Bowman jaɓɓii nder jaŋde juulde to Tuskegee Institute, to o heɓii diploma jaŋde e diploma carpentry nder 1898.

Caggal nde o jaɓi jaŋde o laati ardiiɗo jaŋde jaŋde ɓesngu ɓesngu ɗum anndiraa ko Quindaro Industrial School to Western University, jaŋde juutiinde (HBCU) to Quindaro, Kansas. O janngini janngooji nder taƴre, taƴre woodworking, masin, taƴere architectural, taƴire mechanical, e taƴere cabinetmaking. Bowman huuwani haa Western University diga 1898 haa 1902, ɓaawo maajum o udditii jaaynde mum nder Kansas City.

Bowman waree Etta B. Buford duuɓi go'o, o ɗon janngina e Western University.

Fewde bataaji taariika dow Bowman's nguurndam anndaa, hawti e haala mayde maako, ɗun waɗi wakkati feere ko e nder ko caggal 1925. Bowman's profile hawti nder biographical dictionary African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945 (2004).

## Kuugal

* Stanley Industrial Hall (1900), Western University, Quindaro, Kansas (jooni haɓɓii) 
* Dr. Isham H. Anthony suudu suudu suudu suudu (1904), 1512 North 5th Street, Kansas City, Kansas (jo ɗon maɓɓina) 

## Ndaare kadi

* Arsitektoji Afriknaaɓe

## Firooji
Kuɗol Brainerd

**Brainerd Institute** was a school for African Americans in Chester, South Carolina. It was founded by the Presbyterian Church and opened in 1868. Alumni include Vivian Ayers Allen and Daniel Jackson Sanders. Originally an elementary school it served 10 grades by 1913. It expanded to include **Brainerd Junior College**,  a teacher training program, in 1934. It closed in 1939 as competition from public schools increased.

Ɓaawo nde ɗum haɓɓiti bee jaɓugo jaɓugo suudu mawɗo, suudu jaɓugo ɗum ɓaawo ɗon, coci Presbyterian.

Maandu tan ɗon haani diga campus jaŋde 18 acre ɗum Kumler Hall. Ɗum hawriti nder nder National Register of Historic Places.

Jaŋde Carolina Senegaal Library ɗon woodi fotooji dow janngirde. 

Ɗum waɗi yeeso Fairfield Institute ɗo Willard Richardson woni nder Winnsboro, South Carolina.

## Firooji
Roti e inaboojam: Gootoyeeki nder New York

Buru e mburu: Taariik erotik New York (kañum ne ina wiyee Buru e mburu) ko deftere Ameriknaajo winndi e hitaande 1999 nde Samuel R. Delany winndi e naalankaagal Mia Wolff.Deftere nde ko Fantagraphics Books yaltini ɗum e hitaande 2013 e yeewtere e Delany e Wolf. Ko Alan Moore winndi naatgol ngol.

## Kootol
Ɗuum ko deftere foto-biografiye dow winndaako science-fiction mo o hawti e neɗɗo mo walaa wuro o wartii e mo hawti e maɓɓe.

## Firooji
Brewster Hospital

Mahdi opitaal Brewster ko opitaal taariindi Amerik to nokku biyeteeɗo LaVilla to Jacksonville, to Floride. Nde woni ko e 915 laawol Monroe hirnaange. Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu hitaande 1976, galle oo ɓeydaama e binndital nokkuuji daartol Amerik. E hitaande 2005, nde artiraa laawol ngol haa 843 laawol West Monroe.

## Taariiha
Brewster Hospital wondi suudu ndun arandeejo Black nder Jacksonville. O jaɓii Afriknaaɓe Amerik e Jacksonville diga 1901 haa 1966. Ɗum haɓɓii nder 1901 bana suudu ndun George A. Brewster e suudu ndun ko suudu ndun woni, sabu hay nokkuure nde yimɓe ɓe ɓaleeɓe ɓe njahi ngam yahude caggal yiite mawnde 1901. Wuro maako ɗon woni jaɓugo rewɓe nder jaɓugo mawɓe mawɓe.  (Hakki nder gure feere nder worgo, suudu ndun woɗɗii yahugo yimɓe ɓe ɓaleeɓe ɓaleeɓe yeeso Law Hakki Dental 1964.) suudu ndun fuɗɗii e suudu West Monroe, ɓaawo ɗun ɓe ɓeydi haa East Jacksonville e Springfield. Abbie Sweetwine, moolinoowo konu konu, mo ɓe noddi "Malaaka'en Platform 6" ngam kuugal maako wakkati sahaaji gariiri Harrow e Wealdstone, nder lesdi Britaniya, o jaɓi ekkitinol maako fuɗnaaku bana moolinooɗo suudu nduu Brewster.

Haftoore nden maɓɓiti nder hitaande 1966 ngam, bana Florida A&M Hospital, hawtuki haɓɓugo haftooreeji beɓe waɗi ɗum maɓɓina ceede maako. Maandu maako Springfield ɗon je'e e nder maandu maako, nden ɓe maandu bana suudu ndun Methodist, ɓe maɓɓiti nder 1967. Maandu ngal je ɗon jeyaa ɗum laati Methodist Medical Center nder hitaande 1993, nden nder hitaande 1999 ɓe hawti bee University Medical Center ngam ɓe laati Shands Jacksonville Medical Center, marɗo University of Florida e Shands HealthCare.

Maandu Brewster Hospital fuɗɗii haaki nder 1885 bana wuro.  Ɗum soodi ngam huutore bana suudu ndun nder hitaande 1901 nden o jooɗii haa suudu ndun maayi nder 1966. Nder caka 2000s, wuro Jacksonville darni suudu nder leydi dow laawol nden o ɓurtini $1.2 million ngam haɓɓugo ndu ngam huutoreeji kesi. Ha 2020, North Florida Land Trust woni mo o mari hakkille. 

## Firooji

## Wurooji wurooji
John H. Brigerman

John H. Brigerman (11 desaambar 1902 - 2 ut 1968) ko awokaa, jom jawdi en, e depiteeji leydi Pennsylvania.

Birgerman jibini nder Wyandotte County, Kansas. O heɓii jaangirde John Marshall Law School nder Chicago e University of Indianapolis bana no Friendship N. & I. College e La Salle University. O wonnoo darnde to Indiana State Democratic Convention nder hitaande 1928 nden o hooreejo jamiroore jamiroore 47th Ward Democratic Executive Committee. Democrat, o suɓii nder suudu wakiilo Pennsylvania ngam laamu 1937 nden o huuwi nder suudu Pennsylvania nder 1943. O wurtini ngam 1939 e 1945 nder laamu. O maayi nder Philadelphia, o haani nder Rolling Green Memorial Park nder West Chester, Pennsylvania. O hawti nder holli 1974   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Ndaare kadi

* Liisgal ardiiɓe kuugal Afrik-Ameriknaaɓe (1900-1959) 

## Firooji
Walter Boyd (poolitikum)

Walter Boyd ko depitee diiwaan Misisipi. O lomtii diiwaan Yazoo, to suudu sarɗiiji leydi Mississippi e hitaande 1874 e hitaande 1875.J. G. Patterson woni wakiliijo goɗɗo e nder suudu nduu ummoraade e diiwaan Yazoo.E hitaande 1875, Julius Allen winndii ko fayti e batu e Boyd to wuro Yazoo e ɓaleeɓe jogiiɓe kaɓirɗe ina mbaɗa kulhuli e Republicain en e potɓe suɓaade Afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe.

## Ndaare kadi

* Yimɓe Afriknaaɓe nder suudu amadaare wakkati e caggal wakkati fuɗɗam

## Firooji
Jack Broomfield

Jack Broomfield (1865-1927) ko daraniiɗo renndo Afriknaajo-Ameriknaajo, ardiiɗo siyaasaaku haa Omaha, Nebraska nder fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire.

## Hakkiilo
Caggal nde Dr. Matthew Ricketts dilli Omaha e hitaande 1903, Jack Broomfield waɗi hooreejo politik ummatoore Afriknaaɓe Amerik nder Omaha. Broomfield wonnoo jaɓɗo jaɓɓaade Pullman mo jogii e jaɓii Midway, suudu jaɓɓaande e njuɓɓudi. Wuro haɓɓugo worɓe ɗon ha 1124 Capitol Avenue ɓadi nokkuure ɓooyɗe. Elizabeth Cady Stanton noddi Midway "diɗki ɓurɗi anndugo nder Omaha".

Yimɓe ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon haani Broomfield ɗon ɓeyda ɓeyda ngam ɓeydaago ɓesda maako bee mawɗo siyasa Tom Dennison, ɓeydaugo ɓesda ɓesda yimɓe maako. Broomfield hokki ɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe njokki semmbe politik nder gariiri, e ɓe ɓeydi ɓe ɓe ɓe mbaɗi ngam ɓe njokke ummaatoore. Ɗum nder hooreejo maako nde lynching Will Brown waɗi, amma ɗum haani wi'ugo ko goɗɗo ardiiɗo Afrik-Ameriki'en waawata haɗugo nyau man. 

O waawataa haɗugo ɓaawo ɗun ɓaawo ɓaawo ɓernde ɓaawo ɓooyi ɓaawo ɓaŋgo woyla e feere feere feere nder gariiri.

Broomfield waɗi jaaynde e gardagol Afrik-Amerikiyanke Clarence W. Wigington ngam mahuki Broomfield Rowhouse nder hitaande 1913.

## Ndaare kadi

* Harry Buford
* Liis yimɓe diga North Omaha, Nebraska
* Kuugal halkere nder Omaha

## Firooji
Meresamun

**Meresamun** ("Amun yiɗi mo") ko jimoowo-almaami debbo Misra ɓooyɗo e nder suudu dewal nder suudu dewal to Karnak. *Mummy* makko, mo duuɓi ca. 800 ko adii jibineede Iisaa, wonnoo ko e kollirgol to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Chicago to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Chicago tuggi 10 feebariyee haa 6 desaambar 2009. Koolol keeriiɗo, “Nguurndam Meresamun: jimoowo suudu dewal e nder Misra ɓooyɗo”, udditaa e lewru feebariyee 2009 e... ina rokka ƴeewndo keeriiɗo e nguurndam Meresamun.

Mumia'en soodi nder 1920 James Henry Breasted nder wakkati booɗugo Misra, nden ɗon haa jooni. Ɗuum mumy ɗon ɓurɗum haandi ngam ɗum CT scanama tati bee masinji foondooji: arande nder 1991 bee naftoraaki helical scanner GE go'oto, ɓaawo nder lewru Yuli 2008 bee 64-slice Philips Brilliance 64 *scanner*, nden ɓaawo nder ɓaawo nder Sember 2008 bee naftoraaku iCT 256-slice CT scanner Philips. Fuu kuugal ngal waɗii e nder suudu jaŋde Chicago Medical Center nder suudu *radiology*.

## Maɓɓugo yeeso
Dabare Oriental waɗi darnde rewo ɗiɗo dow yeeso Meresamun. Yimɓe ɗiɗo ɓe kuuwti diga fotooji tatiji ɗi ɓulndu ɓolndu ɗi ɓe waɗi diga CT scanji ɗuuɗɗi ɓe taway ɓe taway ko ɓe kuuwta.

Naalanke Chicago biyeteeɗo Joshua Harker huutoriima feere ganndal gaadanteere nde laabi ƴiiƴam e ƴiye mahaa e dow ɓalndu huutortoo ko feere marker luggiɗnde ƴiye Ameriknaajo Gatliff-Snow [citation needed]. Harker fawi laabi ƴiiƴam, ƴiiƴam, e kosam dow hoore ngam mahde mbaadi Meresamun. O huutoriima jibinannde ɓalliwal (*reproduction physique*) e ɓalndu millondirde e CT, o golliima e dijital e nder dimensiyoŋaaji tati.

Ko Michael Brassell, mo Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe toppitiinde wiɗtooji [citation ina haani]. O gollodiima e Departemaa Ñaawooje/Dental Polis Dowla Maryland Missing Persons Unit e eɓɓaande wiyeteende NamUs, woni lowre nde Institut National de la Justice e Departemaa Ñaawooje yuɓɓini, ina addana departemaaji polis tokoosi e ɓesnguuji majjuɓe etaade anndude heddiiɓe e ƴiye .

Ɗuum nanondiral hakkunde ɗiɗo nder nder nderji ɗiɗɗan, ko'o woni ɓerɗe ɓerɗe, ɗemngal ɓurngal, ɓerɗe fuɗnde e ɓernde gite, holli wonde laabi ɗiɗɗan ɗiɗɗanɗi ɗiɗɗanki ɗiɗɗanko'en waɗi fotooji Meresamun, ɓernde maako boo ɓe ndaari duuɓi 2,800 ɓaawo.

## Firooji



## Wurooji wurooji

* Oriental Institute, University of Chicago website
*  
*
Clarence Brooks (joofta)

Kilarens Ahart Bruks (1896-1969) ko fijoowo Ameriknaajo. O feeñii e filmuuji keewɗi ina heen e nder golle mawɗe.O wondi e Noble Johnson e James Thomas Smith o sosi fedde filmuuji Lincoln e hitaande 1916.O waɗii filmuuji 1921 biyeteeɗi By Right of Birth.

O ɗon haandi nder film dowla dowla 1989 That's Black Entertainment.

## Filmography

* Hakkiilo ɓernde ɓaleejo (1916) 
* *Gardiiɗo Company K* (1916) 
* Law of Nature (1916) 
* *Kuugal Yimɓe* (1919) 
* Ngam hakke danygol (1921) 
* Wotaaki (1928) 
* *Georgia Rose* (1930) 
* *Arrowsmith* (1931) 
* Murde nder Harlem (1935), ɗum wurtini bana *Lem Hawkins' Confession*
* *Dark Manhattan (1937) *
* Du-Gun Man daga Harlem (1938) 
* Harlem ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon ɓadda bee ko'e maako (1939) 
* The Bronze Buckaroo (1939) 
* Up Jumped the Devil (1941) 
* Yimɓe ɓeen ɓeen (1951) 

## Firooji
Frank J. Brown

**Frank J. Brown** (1956 – 9 abriil 2020)ko naalanke jiylotooɗo afriknaajo-ameriknaajo golloowo to Minnesota.Seppooji makko naatii e defte keewɗe ɗe yimɓe njiylotoo.

## Ɓiɗɗo e jaŋde
Brown ɓadii nder Carbondale, Illinois, ɓikkoy ɓiɓɓe sappo. Ɓaawo ɗun saare maako ɗon ɓaawo ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon ɓaawo maajum ɗon ɓaawo maako ɗon ɓadito Springfield, Illinois, ɗon o fuɗɗi kuuɗe maako bana artist nder jaŋde mawɗe. Nde o ɓeydi suka, o jeyaa Cleveland, Ohio, wakkati, nden o yahi nder Carbondale, nder nder nder nder leyɗe Illinois, to o heɓii BFA maako. O heɓii MFA diga University of Wisconsin-Madison nder arti, metaali, e ceramics. O jeyaa to St. Paul e hitaande 1997, to o jooɗii e golle e nder wuro Lowtown nder ɓurna golle maako.

## Kuugal
Koɗol tzedakah Brown, Hope for Tomorrow, ɗon nder collection of the Minneapolis Institute of Art. Kuugal ngal waɗi ngam "tzedakah box: The Art of Giving", gasa mo museum ngal jaɓɓi nder hitaande 2002. Brown holli haala booti maako arandeeji dow "Haaji ɓernde meeɗen, en ɗon umma tammunde
Fuude maako mawɗo nder ceramic A Community Within Reach ɗon hawrata nder gariiri nder Sarasota, Florida.  O waɗi kuugal ngal e St. Paul nder hitaande.
O waɗi boo bust Martin Luther King Jr., Living For The Dream, ngam suudu wuro Madison, Wisconsin.

## Himobe
Raymond Burse

Raymond M. Burse ko gardiiɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, awokaa jannguɗo to Harvard, kadi ko jom njulaagu, o waɗii manndaaji ɗiɗi e gardagol hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kentucky State, nayaɓal e sappo e nayaɓal.

Burse yahi Centre College nder Danville, Kentucky, to o jaɓɓi anndal kemia e limngal. O fuɗɗiti nder Omicron Delta Kappa - The National Leadership Honor Society nder 1972.

Ko o ardii e nder jaŋde Kentucky State University ko e hitaande 1982 haa 1989, e ko o ardii nder hitaande 2014 haa o resiti e nder lewru 23 mee 2016. O anndiraa ngam o jaɓii $90,000 hitaande nder saara maako $350,000 ngam yimɓe maako ɓe ɗon kuuwa ɗum ɓe mbaawaa hokkude ɗum saara. Burse waɗi duuɓi sappo nder General Electric. O diga Hopkinsville, Kentucky, o jooɗi nder Louisville. Burse ɗon huuwa nder jamiroore laamɓe nder jaŋde Louisville, ɓaawo o suɓaa ngam gomnaango Kentucky Matt Bevin. 

Burse heɓii Rhodes Scholarship e janngini e Oxford University duuɓi ɗiɗi. O woni Afriknaajo arandeejo nder lesdi Amerika mo hawri nder jokkondiral rugbi Oxford e Cambridge. O waɗi firo ngam Oxford, nde o maayi 16-15. Ko o waɗi waɗi waɗi o anndini nder faces in the crowd nder karallaagal 27 lewru janngo 1975, *Sports Illustrated*. O baaba ɓiɓɓe ɓiɓɓe worɓe tati, ɓurɓe mawnude e maɓɓe woni Ray Burse.