Etel Adnan

**Etel Adnan** ( Arabic   ; 24 feebariyee 1925 – 14 noowammbar 2021) ko yimoowo, binndoowo, e naalanke yiyoowo Libannaajo-Ameriknaajo . E hitaande 2003, Adnan innitiraa ko « binndoowo aarabeeɓe Ameriknaajo ɓurɗo maantinde e timmude e binndol hannde » e jaaynde ganndal *MELUS: Binndi leƴƴi keewɗi Amerik*. 

Gaagaa golle binndol makko, Adnan waɗii golle jiytinirɗe e nder jaayɗe keewɗe, ko wayi no nate nebam, filmuuji e tapiiji, ɗe kolliraama e nder galleeji e miiseeji e nder winndere ndee kala.

## Ngendam
Etel N. Adnan jibinaa ko e hitaande 1925 to wuro Beyruut to leydi Liban .   Yumma Adnan, Rose "Lily" Lacorte, ko Ortodoks Gerek ummoriiɗo Smirna e baaba mum, Assaf Kadri, ko juulɗo sunnit - Turki, kadi ko ofisee Osmaan toowɗo jibinaaɗo to Damas, Siri Osmaan .

Yumma Assaf Kadri ko Albaaniyanke .  Mawniiko Adnan ko soldaat Turki .   Baaba makko ummorii ko e galle alɗuɓe.  Ko o ofisee mawɗo, gonnooɗo sehil Mustafa Kemal Atatürk to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu.  E ko feewti heen, yumma Adnan mawni ko e baasal mawngal; jibnaaɓe makko kawri to Smirna e wolde adunaare adannde nde baaba makko woni ofisee to Smirna. Ko adii nde o resndata yumma Adnan, baaba makko ina joginoo ɓiɓɓe tato.  Caggal nde laamu Ottomaan yani, jibnaaɓe Adnan eggini Beyruut. Adnan hollitii wonde yumma mum ina yahra e duuɓi 16 nde o hawri e baaba makko, e sahaa nde « Gerek en wonɓe e leydi Turki ngonnoo e kasoo ».  

## Naalankaagal yiyteende
Adnan kadi golliima e pentoowo, golle makko abstrakte gadane ɗee peewniraa ko huutoraade laɓi palet ngam waɗde pentol nebam e dow canvas – heewi ko ummoraade e tuuba – e swipes tiiɗɗi e dow natal ngal. Focus compositions heewi wonde ko kareeli boɗeeji, o yiɗi ko "beldital colour ɗoon e ɗoon".   Adnan hollitii Paul Klee ko neɗɗo teeŋtuɗo e fuɗɗoode. Naalankooɓe ɓee fof ina njiɗi waɗde naalankaagal yiyteende e mbaadiiji tokoosi, e huutoraade geɗe keewɗe e nder jaayɗe e mbaadiiji peeñɗi. E Klee, o wiyi, "'Klee jeyaa ko e leñol annduɓe ɓe innde wootere, so tawii ko "pentoowo", "music" walla "architect", ina famɗi no feewi. Kala pentol ngol Klee waɗi ina wayi no golle yiytugol, keɓtinaaɗe e laawol wiɗto, hono laana e nder geec."  E hitaande 2012, nate abstrakte ɗe naalanke oo waɗi e mbaydiiji keewɗi, kolliraama e nder documenta 13 to Kassel, Almaañ. 

E kitaale 1960, o fuɗɗii naatnude kaligrafi aarabeeɓe e nder golle makko e defte makko, ko wayi no *Livres d’Artistes* [Defte naalankooɓe].  O siftorii jooɗaade waktuuji keewɗi omo ƴetta kelme e nder grammar aarabeeɓe tawa o etotaako faamde maanaa kelme ɗee. Naalankaagal makko ina teskaa no feewi e naalankooɓe hurufiyya adanɓe, ina jeyaa heen naalanke Iraaknaajo biyeteeɗo Jawad Salim, binndoowo e naalanke palestiinnaajo biyeteeɗo Jabra Ibrahim Jabra e pentoowo Iraaknaajo biyeteeɗo Shakir Hassan al Said, ɓe njaɓaani estetikaaji hirnaange, ɓe njaɓɓorii mbaadi naalankaagal kesal, ko ɗum woni pinal jamaanu, tee ina tuugnii e pinal gaadanteewal. 

E ballal leporellos Japon, Adnan kadi pentii leydi e ekranuuji foldable baawɗi "yaajde e weeyo no natal dartinaangal nii". 

E hitaande 2014, koolol nate naalanke oo e nate mum kollitaama e nder fedde wiyeteende Whitney Biennial to suudu defte naalankaagal Ameriknaajo Whitney . 

Koolol Adnan ngol waɗi to  to Doha, leydi Kataar, tiitoonde mum ko *Etel Adnan e nder denndaangal fannuuji mum*, ngol Hans Ulrich Obrist, ƴetti, ina hollita fannuuji sappo e goo e golle Adnan. Ina heen golle makko gadane, binndanɗe makko, karte makko, e ko nanndi heen. Koolol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru marse 2014, ina wondi e catal 580 kelle golle makko ɗe Mathaf e Skira . Ko naalanke biyeteeɗo Ala Younis waɗi catal ngal e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe e engele, ina heen binndanɗe binndaaɗe ɗe Simone Fattal, Daniel Birnbaum, Kaelen Wilson-Goldie, kam e yeewtereeji jeegom e Hans-Ulrich Obrist . 

E hitaande 2015, nate Adnan e tapiiji mum kolliraama e nder Sharjah Biennale 12: Ko ɓenni, ko jooni, ko waawi wonde fof e sara golle Chung Chang Sup, Fahrelnissa Zeid, Abdul Hay Mosallam Zarara, e Saloua Raouda Choucair kam e naalankooɓe yontaaji jooni, Taro Shinoda, Jac Leirner, e Adrian Villar Rojas, e woɗɓe.

E hitaande 2017, golle Adnan naatii e *[https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/3663 Waɗde nokku: Naalankooɓe rewɓe e Abstraction caggal wolde]*, koolol fedde ngol MoMA yuɓɓini, ngol hawri e naalankooɓe mawɓe ina jeyaa heen Ruth Asawa, Gertrudes Altschul, Anni Albers, Magdalena Abakanowicz, Lygia a Pamong Clark,  

E hitaande 2018, MASS MoCA yuɓɓinii retrospective naalanke oo, tiitoonde mum ko *[https://massmoca.org/event/etel-adnan/ Naange ɓaleejo Naange ɓaleejo naange ɓaleejo Naange boɗeejo naange daneejo]*, ina heen cuɓagol nate e nebam e tinta, kam e suudu janngirdu golle makko binndaaɗe.  Koolol ngol yuurnitii no humpito jaŋngugol yimre seertiri e humpito ƴeewde nate. 

*Etel Adnan*, deftere nguurndam naalanke oo, nde Kaelen Wilson-Goldie winndi, yaltinaa e hitaande 2018, ina naamnoo golle naalanke oo, hono shaman e golloowo.   E hitaande 2020, njeenaari yimre Griffin rokkaama deftere makko *Time.* 

Golle Adnan naatii e koolol 2021 ngol *Rewɓe e nder abstraction* to Centre Pompidou .  E hitaande 2023 golle makko naati e koolol wiyeteengol *« Golle, geɗe, pentugol : rewɓe naalankooɓe e abstraksiyoŋ winndereejo 1940-1970 »* to Galle Whitechapel to Londres. 

## Tuugnorgal