Rock Drill (Jacob Epstein)

**Ɓoornugol kaaƴe** (hedde 1913-1915) **e Torso jokkondirɗo e njamndi ummoraade e Ɓoornugol kaaƴe** (hedde 1913-1916) ko seppooji Jacob Epstein ɓurɗi radikal.[1]

## Bindi
Rock Drill ina waɗi nate plaster gonɗe dow ɓuuɓri kaaƴe tigi-rigi.[2] Jillondiral ƴulɓe kaaƴe e nate ɓuuɓɗe ina mbaɗa golle naalankaagal ɗee yeru "Readymade" sosaa e sahaa gooto e Ɓoornugol welo Marcel Duchamp (1913).[3] Ko Ken Cook e Ann Christopher mbaɗi e hitaande 1974, ina jeyaa e ko moofti e nder galle mooftirɗo ko fayti e naalankaagal e nder Birmingham. Rock Drill ina anndiraa wonde ina waɗi ruuhu "Modernism radical ɓurɗo maantinde e kala seppooji goɗɗi, Engele walla duunde, ndeen walla gila ndeen".[4]

Jacob Epstein (1880–1959) ko sehil jibinaaɗo to Amerik, umminooɗo Orop e hitaande 1902, o ƴetti ɓiyleydaagu Angalteer e hitaande 1911. Hay so tawii Epstein wonaano tergal e fedde Vorticist en e dow laabi, nde tawnoo o siynaaki Manifesto Vorticist en, limre timmunde seppo kadi ina weltinaa no feewi e naalankaagal Vorticist.[1] E fuɗɗoode haala moƴƴa, Rock Drill darii ko e mawninde masiŋaaji jamaanu e virility worɓe.[3] Wyndham Lewis siftinii seppo ngoo wonde ‘ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri moƴƴude e ko o [Epstein] waɗi’. Sifaa nannduɗo e nerwooji gonɗo e dow masiŋaaji ɗii, e tiiɗnaare mum e faandaare wootere, ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e golle ɓurɗe mawnude e nguurndam.'[5]

Kono e hitaande 1940, e siftinde kulhuli wolde 1914–18 e nder ngonka wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, Epstein firti seppo ngoo ko ɓuri bonde:[6]

Ardoor am e masiŋaaji (juutɗi) naftoriima hoore mum e soodde borti goonga, ɗiɗaɓo, e dow mum mi waɗii e mooftude roboo nannduɗo e masiŋaaji, visored, menacing, e nawde e nder mum ɓiɓɓe mum, ensconced protectively. Ko ɗoo woni limre sinister arme hannde e janngo. Alaa neɗɗaagu, ko mboros Frankenstein kulɓiniiɗo mo mbaɗ-ɗen koye men.

## Ekkitol

Jannde ngam ƴettude kaaƴe (hedde 1913) ko natal kuuraa 67,5 cm (26,6 in) × 42,5 cm (16,7 in) ngal Epstein waɗi ngal jeyaa ko e ko Garman Ryan moofti to galle naalankaagal keso Walsall.[7] So tawii ñalngu nguu tigi rigi anndaaka, sibu ko ngu wiɗto peewnugol Epstein timmuɗo biyeteeɗo Rock Drill, ngu winndaa ko e hitaande 1913.[3][8]

## Torso e Njamndi
Torso e Metal, to Tate Angalteer

Epstein ƴetti nate asliije ɗee : o soodi borti ɗii, o taƴi nate ɗee.[9] Nde o holliri Torso wayliima no feewi e Metal ummoraade e Rock Drill e hitaande 1916, ina laaɓi o ruttitii e 'balɗe jarribooje makko ko adii wolde 1913'.[6] E ko feewti e doole e worɓe ɓe limre timmunde ndee yaltinta, mbaydi taƴndi ndii ina wayi no alaa ko waawi heen wonde so wonaa mettuɗo, ina siftina soldateeɓe gaañiiɓe ɓee, ɓe ngarti e galleeji mum en gila e ŋoral e nder limooje kulɓiniiɗe.[10] Torso e Metal ummoraade e Rock Drill woni hannde to Tate Angalteer, to Londres e kadi to galle ñeeñal Auckland to Nuwel Selannde.

## Njawdi

Jibinannde 1974, to Birmingham

Epstein ɓuuɓtii Rock Drill e taƴde mbaadi gorko abstract ko maande waylo-waylo mawngo e nder nguurndam makko, ko ɗum hollirta joofnirde jokkondiral makko e jamaanu masiŋaaji.[10] Hay so tawii Epstein halkii seppo asliijo ngoo, gila nde ngol feewnaa e hitaande 1974, Rock Drill ina wiyee wonde ko ‘waktu teskinɗo, mbayliigu nde seppo e nder leydi Angalteer fuɗɗii wonde jamaanu mo aldaa e paltoor’.[9] Epstein ina joginoo golle juutɗe, baɗɗe faayiida to Angalteer, omo golla e nder mbaydiiji ɗi ngalaa radikal, kadi ina teskaa e bustaaji pottitte e seppooji mahdi.

Albom cakkitiiɗo mo Alex Harvey Band yaltini, hono Rock Drill mo hitaande 1978, inniraa ko e mbaydi mbaylaandi. Koppi mayre ina hollira Torso.

E lewru suwee 2006, Tate Modern naamndii jimɗi keewɗi hannde ngam waɗde jimɗi ko fayti e feccere nde ɓe cuɓii e nder galleeji ɗii, e innde eɓɓoore ndee Tate Tracks.[11][12] Banndiraaɓe Chemical ɓee mbinndi "Rock Drill", ko Torso... ƴetti, ɗum ina waawi naneede e kaɓirɗe sara nate ɗee.[11] Gila oktoobar 2006, nde heɓi kadi ko juuti, e lowre Tate Tracks.[11]

Njiylawu waɗii hakkunde seppo ngoo e jikku Star Wars biyeteeɗo Seneraal Grievous[13][14] e droids mum hare.[15]

## Ƴeew kadi
Doggol nate ɗe Jaak Epstein waɗi

## Tuugnorgal
Silber, Evelin (1986). Ko Epstein waɗi.

Etifaan, Kiriis (27 sulyee 2011). "Taariindi Jacob Epstein 'Dowla kaaƴe'".

Silber, Evelin (1989). Jacob Epstein: Seppooji e nate. Leeds.

Harison, Charles (1981). Naalankaagal Engele e jamaanu 1900-1939.

Luwiis, Windam (1915). Puccitgol, no.2.

Epstein, Yaakuuba (1940). Yo Won Seppooji. New York.

Galle naalankaagal keso Walsall; limoore naatgol 1973,072.GR

"Jaŋde ngam ƴellitde kaaƴe (1973.072.GR) Jaak Epstein". Galle ñeeñal keso Walsall. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 7 noowammbar 2014.

Kork, Rikaar (Duuɓri 2009). "E nder njiylawu geɗe ladde". Jaaynde Akademi Laamɗo (104).

Korka, Rikaar (1999). Yaakuuba Epsteen. Londres: Tate.

Moss, Richard (31 ut 2006). "Tate Modern waɗi jimɗi e banndiraaɓe kemikal ngam eɓɓoore Tate Tracks". Pinal24. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 9 lewru Mbooy 2013.

"Laabi Tate". Taate. 2006. Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 9 lewru Mbooy 2013.

Brandon, Laura (15 lewru Yarkomaa 2007). Naalankaagal e Hare. I.B.Taariis. p. 123. .

Jones, Tim (29 oktoobar 2011). "Ko nanndi e – Teskorɗe Bunker". Galle ñeeñal Kirista. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 9 lewru Mbooy 2013.

Kayines, Daawuuda. "Droid hare". Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 16 lewru juko 2013. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 9 mee 2013.

## Jokkondire yaajɗe
Wikimedia Commons ina jogii jaayɗe jowitiiɗe e Rock Drill (Jacob Epstein).

Binndol ngol ina yeewta ko fayti e Rock Drill – mo Anthony Gormley winndi, e laawol BBC iPlayer