Kwame Nkrumah

Wɔwoo **Ɔsagyefo** **Kwame** **Nkrumah** wɔ Fankwa 21, 1909 mu. Ebɔbira 27, 1972 mu na owui. Nna ɔyɛ Ghana ɔmanyɛnyi, amanyɛsɛm ho bemfo na ɔsan so yɛ obi a nna n'enyi gye amanyɛsɛm ho. Ɔbɛyɛɛ Gold Coast ɔman no ne nanmusinyi fii afe 1952 kesii afe 1957 mu ber a Ghana gyee fahodzi fii Ngyiresi Aborɔfo nsamu no. Afe 1957 mu dze besi 1966 mu no, wɔyɛɛ no mampanyin ankasa. Nna ɔyɛ obi a odzi akotsen wɔ Ebibirman hɔn fahodzi ne ngyee mu yie, ma dɛm ntsi nna ɔka hɔn a wɔtseew Ebibir Nkabɔmu Kuw a ɔyɛ (OAU) no na Soviet Union mu abawdobɔdze a ɔyɛ Lenin Peace Price no, ɔno na ɔgyee wɔ afe 1962 mu.

Mfe duebien nwomasua wɔ aborɔkyir ekyir no, onyaa n'amanyɛ enyidoadzehu no, na ɔnye Ebibifo bi nyaa nkabɔmu no, Nkrumah sanee baa Gold Coast bɛhyɛɛ n'amanyɛ edwuma no ase dɛ ɔkasafo ma ɔman no ne fahodzi. Ɔtseew Convention People's Party amanyɛkuw no, na kuw no nyaa mpontu ntsɛm osiandɛ ɔyɛɛ nyia ɔwɔ akwannya dɛ ɔbɔtow amba biara akɔndɔ Ɔbɛyɛɛ ɔman ɔnanmusinyi wɔ afe 1952 mu na odzii dɛm dwuma kor noara no ber a odzii Ghana enyim kɛgyee fahodzi fii Ngyiresi Aborɔfo no nsamu wɔ afe 1957 mu, ma ɔnam no do ma Ebibirmu aman a wɔwɔ Sahara Sar n'anaafo do no, Ghana bɛyɛɛ ɔman a odzii kan gyee ne fahodzi. Afe 1960 mu no, Ghanafo gyee mbra fofor too mu na wɔtoow amba maa Nkrumah ma ɔbɛyɛɛ Ɔmampanyin.

Nna n'amambu ne ngyinado no yɛ dɛ aban no bɔtoto biribiara a ɔnnkɛhyɛ ankorankor binom hɔn nsamu na afei so dɛ ɔmamfo no  bɔdwen ɔman n'ehiadze ho kan. Iyi maa obuebuee ndwuma akɛse akɛse na ɔyɛɛ enyinam kandzea ho nhyehyɛɛ ahorow, ɔdze ɔman nwomasua nhyehyɛɛ a odzi mu bae na ɔmaa Ebibirmu amambra tuu mpon. Nkrumah n'amambu mu no, Ghana dzii dwumason wɔ Ebibirmu amanaman nkitahodzi mu na fahodzi ne ngyee a aman a wɔwɔ Ebibirmu hɔn nsa kae no, Ghana dzii mu ntsin ara yie.

Ber a wɔyɛɛ dɛ nkyɛ woboku no ma onyaa ne tsir dzidzii mu ekyir no, ɔman ne sikasɛm ntotoe bɛyɛɛ basaa, na afe 1960 mu dze rokɔ no dze Nkrumah n'amambu no dze ɔhyɛ bɔtoo ɔmamfo no do, na ɔammpen ma amanyɛkuw afofor biara annyɛ edwuma wɔ ɔman no mu na ambatow ahorow biara a ɔkɔr do no no mu annda hɔ na pɛrpɛryɛ biara so ammba mu so. Afe 1964 mu no, nsesamu a ɔbaa Ghana Amambra mu maa Ghana bɛyɛɛ  ɔman a ɔgye amanyɛkuw kor pɛr to mu dɛ odzi ɔman no do, Nkrumah na ɔyɛ ɔmampanyin ma ɔman no nyinara na n'amanyɛkuw no so. Ɔhyɛɛ nsumaa mu hyɛɛ tsirmupɔw kuw na onyaa dɛm abɔdzin yi 'Ɔsagyefo Dr'. Wotuu Nkrumah adze do wɔ afe 1966 wɔ nsordaafo ntokwa bi mu a ɔyɛ CIA a National Liberation Council taa hɔn ekyir, ɔno no nhwɛdo na nna ɔman ne sikasɛm hyɛ hɔn nsa. Nkrumah bɔɔ ne bra nkaa no wɔ Guinea, a wɔtoo ne dzin dze hyɛɛ no enyimnyam dɛ hɔn mampanyin no mu kor.

## Abrabɔ Ahyɛse na Nwomasua

### Gold Coast
Wɔwoo Kwame Nkrumah wɔ Benada, bosoom Fankwa ne da a ɔtɔ do eduonu kor (21), wɔ afe 1909 mu wɔ Nkroful, a ɔwɔ Gold Coast (ndɛ Ghana). Nkroful yɛ ekura ketseaba bi a ɔwɔ Nzema, wɔ Gold Coast n'Anaafo Atɔe do, a ɔbɛn French kurow a ɔdze Ivory Coast. N'egya annye n'ebusua no anntsena, mbom ɔyɛɛ edwuma wɔ Half Assini hɔ na ɔyɛɛ edwuma dɛ obi a otu sika kɔkɔɔ kesii ber a owui. Kwame Nkrumah ne maame na ebusuafo na wɔtsetsee no, wɔtsenaa ase wɔ amambra mu na ɔwɔ ebusuafo a nna mpɛn pii no wɔbɛsera hɔn. Ɔbɔɔ ne bra dɛ mbrɛ abofra bɛyɛ wɔ ne mbofrase, wɔ ekuraase hɔ, haban mu na po a ɔbɛn hɔn no ho.

Aber a nna ɔkɔ skuul wɔ United States no, nna wonyim no dɛ Francis Nwia Kofi Nkrumah, Kofi nye dzin a wɔdze ma mbanyimfo a wɔwoo hɔn Fida. Ekyir no ɔsesaa dzin bɛyɛɛ Kwame Nkrumah wɔ 1945 wɔ UK, osiandɛ nna ɔpɛ dzin Kwame no. Dɛ mbrɛ Ebenezer Obiri Addo kae wɔ no nwomasua wɔ daakye ɔmampanyin no ho no, dzin "Nkrumah" yɛ dzin a amambra mu no wɔdze ma abofra ɔtɔ do akron wɔ n'awofo hɔn mba mu, dɛm ntsi nna ɔkyerɛ dɛ Kwame wɔ dɛm bɔbea no wɔ ne papa ne fie, osiandɛ nna n'egya wɔ yernom beberee ntsi.

Ne papa, Ɔpanyin Kofi Nwiana Ngolomah, fi Nkrofol a ɔwɔ Nzema Epuei a seseiara wɔfrɛ no Ellembele, a ofi Nsona ebusuakuw no mu. Nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ dɛ, Ngolomah tsenaa Tarkwa-Nsuaem na hɔ na ɔtsenae yɛɛ sika kɔkɔɔ ho edwuma no.

Ngolomah yɛ obi a nna wɔdze enyidzi ma no yie osian n'afotupa a ɔdze ma nkorɔfo fa nsɛm a ɔfa abrabɔ ho na dza osi wɔ fie nyina ho ntsi. Owui wɔ 1927.

Nna Kwame ne maame dzi no ba kor. Ɔdze no kɔr mbofraber mu skuul a ɔyɛ Catholic Nsɛmpakafo Skuul a wɔwɔ Half Assini, na ɔkyerɛɛ dɛ ɔyɛ osuanyi a ɔbɔ noho mbɔdzen.

Mbom ne maame a ne dzin nye Elizabeth Nyanibah (1876/77-1979), ekyir yi wɔkyerɛɛ afe a wɔdze woo no dɛ 1912, Nkrumah kyerɛɛw dɛ wɔwoo no Fankwa 21,1909. Ne maame fi Nsuaem na ɔka Agona ebusuakuw noho. Nna ɔtɔn nam na ɔtɔn ndzɛmba ber a ɔwar ne papa no. Nda awɔtwe wɔ n'awo ekyir no, ne papa dze no to ebusuanyi bi wɔfrɛ na wɔfrɛɛ no Francis Nwiah-Kofi mbom ekyir no, n'awofo too no dzin Francis Kwame Ngolomah.

Ɔkɔr do wie mfe du mbofraber mu elementary skuul no wɔ mfe awɔtwe mu. 1925 mu no, Nna ɔyɛ osuanyi kyerɛkyerɛnyi wɔ skuul no mu na wɔbɔɔ n'esu wɔ Catholic gyadzi mu. Ber a ɔwɔ skuul no hɔ no, nna Sofo panyin Reverend Alec Garden Fraser a ɔyɛ Aban Training College(ɔnnkyɛr biara nna ɔrebɛyɛ Achimota skuul) panyin rohwɛ no dwumadzi wɔ Gold Coast ahenkurow, Nkran. Fraser nhyehyɛɛ dɛ ɔnye Nkrumah behyia dɛ wɔbɛtsetse no dɛ kyerɛkyerɛnyi wɔ no skuul hɔ. Ha no, Columbia- nwomasuanyi Skuul panyin abadziekyir Kwegyir Aggrey maa ohun adwen ɔfa Marcus Garvey na W. E. B. Du Bois. Aggrey, Fraser, na nkorɔfo binom a wɔwɔ Achimota dween dɛ ɔwɔ dɛ anyenkofa ba ntsinoahyew ɔda ebibifo na aborɔfo ntamu a ɔfa Gold Coast amambu ho, mbom Nkrumah, bɔpen Garvey, hyease gye dzii dɛ ebibifo dzin hɔnho do a nna obeyi ntsinoahyew a ɔda aborɔfo na ebibifo ntsamu.

Onyaa n'abɔdzin krataa wɔ Prince of Wales' College wɔ Achimota 1930 mu no, wɔmaa Nkrumah adzekyerɛ bea wɔ Roman Catholic mbofraber mu skuul wɔ Elmina 1931 mu, Afe kor ekyir no, Wɔyɛɛ no skuul panyin wɔ a skuul a ɔwɔ Axim. Axim mu no, ɔhyɛɛ ase dze noho hyɛɛ amanyɛsɛm mu na ɔtseew Nzema Literary Society. 1933 mu no, wɔfaa no dɛ skuul panyin wɔ Catholic Seminary wɔ Amissano. Mbom arabɔ a ɔwɔ hɔ yɛ nhyɛdo, nna ɔpɛ, na ɔyɛɛ dɛ ɔbɛyɛ mbrɛ ɔtse. Nkrumah nna ɔatse nsɛmkyerɛw na daakye Nigeria Mampanyin Nnamdi Azikiwe kasaa ber a ɔyɛ osuanyi wɔ Achimota; nyimapa ebien no hyiaa na Azikiwe no nsunsuando maa Nkrumah nyaa ɔpɛpa wɔ ebibifo hɔn amambu mu. Kyerɛkyerɛnyi obaabun yi sii n'adwen dɛ ɔbɔtoa no nwomasua do. Azikiwe nna ɔakɔ Lincoln Osuapɔn, abakɔsɛm mu no, ɔyɛ ebibifo skuul a ɔwɔ Chester County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Atɔe, na ɔmaa Nkrumah afotu dɛ ɔnkɔ skuul wɔ hɔ.

Nkrumah a oenntwa London Osuapɔn nyienyim nsɔwhwɛ no, nyaa sika maa akwantu no na no nwomasua no fir n'ebuafo nkyɛn. Ɔfaa anamɔn kwan kɔr Britain, bea osuaa adze, wɔ no nkwaado, wɔ Italy dzii Ethiopia do, Ebibir aman no mu kor nna ɔdze noho. Odur United States, Ɔbɛsɛ 1935 mu.

### United States
Dɛ mbrɛ abakɔsɛmnyi John Henrik Clarke kaa no nadzesua ase wɔhɔ. Wɔ Fida, Ɛbɔw 1,1935, ɔkyerɛɛw krataa kɛmaa skuul no dɛ ɔrepɛ skuul no edzi afe a wɔmmaa no mbuae biara. Ber obodur New York wɔ Ɔbɛsɛ 1935 mu no, otuu kwn kɔr Pennsylvania, hɔ na wogyee no mpo a nna ohia sika a ɔdze botum etua skuul kaw no nyinara. Onyaa kradze a otuaa ne skuuul akaw wɔ Lincoln Osuapɔn mu. Sikasɛm hiaa no mber a odzii no US mu nyinara. Ɔpɛ dɛ ɔsɔw ano no, ɔyɛɛ edwuma nketseketse dɛ ɔtɔn enam na nkokɔ, apepa dwuma, adzewor dwuma na dza ɔkeka ho. Kwesida biara, ɔkɔ asɔr wɔ Ebibifo Baser Asɔr wɔ Philadelphia na wɔ New York so.

Nkrumah wiee Bachelor of Arts degree in economics na sociology wɔ 1939 mu. Lincoln no dɛ Kyerɛkyerɛnyi abadziekyir wɔ Adwenkyerɛ adzesua mu. Ɔhyɛɛ ase nyaa nsato dɛ ɔbɛyɛ asɛmpakanyi wɔ Baser asɔrasɔr a ɔwɔ Philadelphia na New York. 1939 mu no, Nkrumah kɔr Lincoln's seminary na wɔ Ivy League institution no, Pennsylvania Osuapɔn no a ɔwɔ Philadelphia mu na 1942 mu no, wɔdze no hyɛɛ Mu chapter mu a ɔyɛ Phi Beta Sigma fraternity a ɔwɔ Lincoln Osuapɔn mu. Nkrumah nyaa Bachelor wɔ Theology degree fir Lincoln 1942 mu, osuanyin a odzii kan. Onyaa ne Master of Arts degree in philosophy na Master of Science nwomasua mu fir Penn. Ber a ɔwɔ Penn no, Nkrumah nye kasasuanyi bi a wɔfrɛ no William Everett Welmers yɛɛ edwuma, ɔno na n'akenkan ndzɛmba na ɔno na ɔyɛɛ ahyease adze a odziikan boa no ma otum hun nkasafua dwumadzi wɔ ne Fante kasa mu a ɔyɛ Akan kasa. Nkrumah wɔsan dze no kɔr Prince Hall Freemasonry ber a nna ɔtse United Statses no.

Nkrumah hweer ne ɔpɛ ber no w Harlem, Ebibifo abrabɔ finimfin, adwen na amambra. Onyaa dan na edwuma wɔ New York City wɔ ahokyer mu na ɔdze noho hyɛɛ nkorɔfo no mu. Ɔhweer ewimbir pii a otsie nsɛm na ɔnye nkorɔfo a wɔkasa kwan do no nya akasakasa, na Clarke kyerɛ a, Kwame Nkrumah mfe a odzii no Amɛrika no nye yi; 

Ewimbir yi no boaa Kwame Nkrumah N'amɛreka nwomasua yie. Nna ɔrokɔ suapɔn . Suapɔn no a ɔwɔ Harlem abɔntsen no. Iyi nnyɛ mber kakra na dɛm abɔntsen akasafo wɔnnyɛ nyimpa a wɔda famu.... Harlem abɔntsen yɛ beebi a obiara tum kasa, iyi nyimpa bi wɔakadar wɔ kasa mu tse dɛ Arthur Reed na ne protege Ira Kemp. Ɔbaabun Carlos Cook [*sic*], nyaae tseew Garvey oriented African Pioneer Movement nna ɔwɔ hɔ bi, nna ɔdze anadwe nsɛm bi rebrɛ n'ekyirdzifo. Ber a woridzi dwuma bi no, Suji Abdul Hamid [*sic*], Harlem odwumayɛnyi a ɔagye dzin, dze anadwe yɛkyerɛ ba na ɔper ndwuma ahorow beberee ma Ebibifo wɔ hɔn ankasa hɔn kurow mu. Iyi ka Harlem abɔntsen agodzi ho a osuanyi Kwame Nkrumah bɔtoe na ɔhwɛe.

Nkrumah nna ɔyɛ osuanyi a ɔdze noho hyɛ dwumadzi nyinara mu, wɔtseew kuw bi a nna ɔyɛ Ebibirfo esuafo a wɔwɔ Pennsylvania na otsimtsim no bɛyɛɛ Ebibifo esuafo kuw a wɔwɔ Amɛrika na Canada, ɔbɛyɛɛ hɔn panyin. Binom dween dɛ dɛm kuw no bɔboa ma woenya hɔnara hɔn fahodzi; Nkrumah faa Pan-African adwɛmpɔw bi. Nkrumah yɛɛ edwumasom wɔ Pan-African nhyiamu a ɔkɔr do wɔ New York 1944 mu, ɔno na ɔmaa United States, ber wiadze ɔko a ɔtɔdo ebien baa ewiei no, bɔhwɛ aboa Ebibiman etumpɔn na wɔadze hɔnho.

Ne Kyerɛkyerɛnyi a ɔayɛ panyin Aggrey nna oewu 1929 mu wɔ US, na 1942 mu no, Nkrumah dzii amambra som enyim maa Aggrey wɔ ne nda mu. Iyi ma ɔnye Lincol dzii mpaapaamu, mbom ber a ɔsɔr dɛ ɔreba Gold Coast no,ɔsan nekyir wɔ 1951 dɛ ɔbɛgyɛ enyimnyamhɛ abodzin. Ekyirsan mu no, Nkrumah ne dɔkota akyerɛwtsen no ennwie mudzi, Nna ɔafa Francis ber ɔwɔ Amissano seminary no; 1945 mu, ɔfaa dzin Kwame Nkrumah.

Nkrumah kenkaan mbuukuu a ɔfa amanyɛsɛm ho na Nyamesɛm ho, na ɔkyerɛɛ esuafo adze wɔ philosophymu. 1943 mu no, Nkrumah hyiaa Trinidadian Marxist C. L. R. James, Russian expatriate Raya Dunayevskaya, na Chinese-American Grace Lee Boggs, a hɔn nyinara ka American-based Marxist enyimdzefo cohort ho. Nkrumah ekyir no bɔɔ James abawdo dɛ ɔkyerɛɛ no adze. kwan a edwuma kuw nketsenketse yɛɛ edwuma. Federal Bureau of Investigation ndzɛmba ɔfa Nkrumah ho, dze siee fir Sanda kɛpem Esusuowa aketseaba 1945, hun dɛ obotum ayɛ nyimpa tsitsir dzibew wɔ no. Nkrumah yɛɛ dɛ ɔbɔkɔ London, ɔpɛɛ dɛ ɔbɔtoa ne nwomasua do wɔ hɔ seisiara a wiadze ko z ɔtɔdo ebien no etwa mu no. James, wɔ 1945 nsɛm bi kɛmaa Nkrumah dɛ Trinidad-born George Padmore wɔ London, kyerɛɛw: Dɛm obaabun yi reba wo nkyɛn. ɔhyɛda nnyɛ nyimpa a noho tsew, mbom yɛ dza wobotum biara boa no osiandɛ ɔpɛ dɛ otu Aborɔfo no fi Ebibiman mu.

### London
Nkrumah sanee kɔr London wɔ bosoom Esusow Aketseaba wɔ afe 1945 mu na ɔdze ne dzin kɛhyɛɛ London School of Economics dɛ PhD kandzifo wɔ Anthropology mu. Ɔtwee noho wɔ afe kor ekyir na afe a edzi hɔ no ɔdze ne dzin kɛhyɛɛ Suapɔn Kɔlege (University College London), a nna n'adwen nye dɛ ɔbɛkyerɛw nyansapɛ ho asɛm a ɔfa "Nyimdzee na Ntseasee mu Positivism (Knowledge and Logical Positivism)" ho. No hwɛdofo (supervisor), A. J. Ayer, ammpɛ dɛ ɔbɛbu Nkrumah dɛ "nyansapɛfo a odzi kan - (first-class philosopher)", na ɔkaa dɛ, "M'enyi gyee noho na m'enyi gyee ho dɛ me na ɔno bɛkasa mbom nna ɔtse dɛ dza onnyi adwen a ɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ m'enyi do. Nna ɔpɛ mbuae ntsɛntsɛm dodow. Mususu dɛ ebia ɔhaw no fa bi nye dɛ nna ɔmmfa n’adwen nnsi n’asɛmti no do dzendzenndzen nna ɔyɛ ɔkwan a ɔfa do hyɛ ber ahyɛnsewdzi kesi dɛ hokwan no baa dɛ ɔbɛsan aba Ghana." Ewiei koraa no, Nkrumah dze ne dzin kɛhyɛɛ mbra ho adzesua mu (study in law) wɔ Gray’s Inn, mbom oennwie.

Nkrumah dze ne ber yɛɛ amanyɛsɛm ahyehyɛdze ahorow. Nna ɔnye Padmore ka nhyehyɛɛfo tsitsir, na sikakorafo a wɔka ho, wɔ Pan-African Congress a ɔtɔ do enum (5th) wɔ Manchester (15–19 bosoom Ɔbɛsɛ afe 1945). Nhyiam no kyerɛkyerɛɛ ɔkwan bi a wɔbɛfa do dze Afrika sohyialism (African socialism) esi etubrafo ananmu. Wɔgye toom dɛ wobedzi Afrika United States a ɔyɛ ɔman kor (1) ekyi, a mantɔw ahyehyɛdze ahorow a ɔka bom wom, a ɔnam aman ahorow a ɛsono emu biara a hɔn tumidzi kakraa bi do dzi do. Wɔyɛɛ nhyehyɛɛ dɛ wɔbɛdzi Afrika amambra fofor ekyi a mbusuakuw nnyi mu, demokrase wɔ sohyialism nhyehyɛɛ mu (democratic within a socialist system), dze atsetsesɛm afa horow na ndɛyi nsusuwii afra, na sɛ ɔbɛyɛ yie a, wɔbɛfa akwan a basabasayɛ nnyim do ayɛ eyi. Hɔn a wɔbaa nhyiam no ase no bi nYe obufo W. E. B. Du Bois na ibinom a ekyir wodzii kan dzii hɔn aman enyim kɔɔ ahofadzi mu, a Hastings Banda a ofi Nyasaland (a ɔbɛyɛɛ Malawi), Jomo Kenyatta a ofi Kenya na Obafemi Awolowo a ofi Nigeria ka ho.

Nhyiamu no hwehwɛɛ dɛ wɔdze Afrikafo dwumadzi a ɔkɔ do wɔ Britain besi hɔ a wɔnye Afrika Atɔe Fam Ɔman Ɔkyerɛwfo Dwumadzibew (West African National Secretariat - WANS) abom ayɛ edwuma dze eyi Afrika etubrafo efi hɔ. Nkrumah bɛyɛɛ WANS kyerɛwfo (secretary). Wɔ hwehwɛ a ɔhwehwɛɛ dɛ ɔbɛhyehyɛ Afrikafo ma wɔanya hɔn aman ahofadzi ekyi no, Nkrumah hwehwɛɛ dɛ ɔbɛboa Afrika Atɔe Fam po so hyɛn mu adwumayɛfo pii a na wɔakɔda, ahia wɔn, wɔ London wɔ ɔko no awiei no, na ɔhyehyɛɛ Edwumayɛfo a hɔn Kɔla Ahorow Fekuw bi dɛ wɔbɛma hɔn tumi na wɔaboa hɔn. U.S. Ɔman Dwumadzibew na MI5 hwɛɛ Nkrumah na WANS, na wɔdze hɔn adwen sii ebusuabɔ a ɔda wɔnye Komunis ntsam no do. Nkrumah na Padmore hyehyɛɛ kuw bi a wɔfrɛ no The Circle dɛ wondzi enyim mma Afrika Atɔe fam ahofadzi na koryɛ; kuw no botae nye dɛ wɔbɛhyehyɛ Afrika Sohyialist Aman Nkabom Kuw (Union of African Socialist Republics). Wohuu krataa bi a efi The Circle, a ɔkyerɛ dɛm botae no wɔ Nkrumah do ber a wɔkyeree no wɔ Accra wɔ afe 1948 mu no, na Britania etumfo (British authorities) dze dzii dwuma tsiaa no.

## San baa Gold Coast no

### United Gold Coast Convention
1946 Gold Coast ɔmambra no maa ebibifo dodow noara bɛkɛɛ mbrahyɛbagua kuw noho ber a odzikan. Hɔn dɛ anamɔn tsitsir a ɔdze rokɔ hɔn ankasa woridzi hɔnho do, dɛm nhyehyɛɛ fofor yi maa amambu fofor yi hɔn amanyɛkuw a odzikan a wɔtseew no Fankwa, 1947, The United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC). UGCC no hwehwɛɛ hɔn ankasa amambu amonmu hɔara. Dɛ mbrɛ hɔn akandzifo no nyinara yɛ abenfo no, nna wohia dɛ wptua obi kaw ama woedzi hɔn enyim, na hɔn pɛ no tɔɔ Nkrumah do wɔ Ako Adjei no nsusui. Nkrumah ampɛn mbom ohun dɛ UGCC no nna hɔn wodzi enyim nna hɔn botae yɛ kor na ohun dɛ dɛm dzibew no bobue kwan ama no n'amanyɛ nsɛm mu na ɔpɛn do. British mpanyimfo ho bisaa no n'sɛm faa dɛ ɔbɛyɛ kandzinyi biribiara bɛhyɛ aban no nsa wiei no, Nkrumah for MV Nkran wɔ Liverpool wɔ 1947 mu dɛ ɔreba fie.

Akwansiwdze tsiawa bi a osii n'akwan mu wɔ Sierra Leone, Liberia, na Ivory Coast no, odur Gold Coast hɔ na ɔtsenaa kakra na ɔnye ne maame nyaa nkabom wɔ Tarkwa. Ɔhyɛɛ edwuma ase wɔ amanyɛkuw hɛdkɔtɛse wɔ Saltpond wɔ Mumu 29,1947 hɔ na cyɛɛ edwuma dɛ hɔn kyerɛwkyerɛwfo panyin. Nkrumah ntsɛmpanara dze adwen bi baa dɛ wɔntsetsew UGCC nkorbata bebiree wɔ Ɔman no nyinara mu na wɔntsew etua sɛ ɔbɛyɛ yie a ama aboa hɔn amanyɛkuw no. Dɛm dwumadzinyi yɛ ndzeyɛɛ no kyɛɛ amanyɛkuw amambu kuw no mu, a nna J.B Danɛuah dzi hɔn enyim. Nkrumah hyɛɛ ase tuu akwan ama oenya sika ama UGCC no na ɔatsetseew nkorbata afofor.

Yɛhwɛɛ a nna Gold Coast no etumpɔn akyen Bristainfo amanyɛkuw a ɔwɔ Ebibir Atɔe a wɔdzi do no, nna hɔn bo ndwe do na ntsease wɔ mu. Ako a ɔbaa ekyir no ama amansan no nyinara hɔn bo efuw dɛ ndzɛmba bo akɔ sor, ɔtoado dɛ woguu ndwuma nketseaba a nna Arabafo yɛ ɔhyɛɛ ase Sanda 1948. Kookoo Ekuafo hɔn bo fuuw osiandɛ kookoo aba a ɔsow paa yie akatse sɛɛ no, mbom nna kookoo no sow aba, eso nkorɔfo a wodzi hɔn do so sɛɛ no. Nna nyimpa bɛyɛ 63,000 ɔko a ɔtɔdo ebien no hɔn ho kaa no wɔ Gold Coast, bebiree nna wɔwowɔ ɔhaw dɛ wobenya edwuma ayɛ na wohum dɛ hɔn a woridzi hɔn do no nnyɛɛ biribiara asɔw hɔn enyinsua no ano. Nkrumah na Danquah nye nsordarfo a ɔakɔ ahomgye mu no kuw no dzii nhyiamu wɔ Nkran wɔ Kwarkwar, 1948, a wɔyɛɛ ansaana woetu anamɔn akɔ osiananmu no hɔ dze han adzesrɛ akɔto n'enyim. Dɛm anamɔntu no kɔr do Kwarkwar 28, nyimpa ebiasa a wodzi mu akotsen no Porisifo hɔn itur kuum hɔn, iyi dze 1948 Kran oyene no bɔbɔɔ adze, a ɔmanmu no nyinara tsee. Nkrumah noho nsɛm kyerɛ dɛ, David Birmingham, "West Africa's erstwhile "model colony" Dze n'enyi hun oyene na edwumayɛfo bea wɔtɔn hɔn ndzɛmba sɛɛ. Ebibifo hɔn rɛboluhyɛn no ahyɛ ase.

Ndzido aban no nna ɔdwen dɛ UGCC aban wɔyɛ nkorɔfo bi a wɔnngye hɔn ahom, na wɔkyer akandzifo esia, a ɔyɛ Nkrumah na Danquah ka ho bi. Dɛm akɛsefo esia yi nyinara wɔdze hɔn bɔɔ mu wɔ Kumase, wotsiiw adzesoa a ɔda Nkrumah na nkaa no ntamu, a wɔdze etiɔtsew no ho kwaadu bɔɔ no na hɔn adwempɔw. Ekyir yi a Ndzidofo yi hun dɛ binom ahyehyɛ dɛ wɔbɛsɛɛ efiadze no, wɔtsetsee nkorɔfo esia no mu, a wɔdze Nkrumah kɔr Lawra; nyimpa esia no nyinara wogyaa hɔn wɔ Ɛbɔwbira 1948. Esuafo na Akyerɛkyerɛfo bebiree yɛɛ ɔyɛkyerɛ dɛ wobegyaa hɔn na wotuu hɔn hyɛɛ da fofor; Nkrumah, ɔdze noara ne fotow, hyɛɛ Ghana National College ase. Iyi dwumadzi ahorow bi ho a UGCC kuw mba no bɔɔ no kwaadu dɛ ɔreyɛ edwuma wɔ amanyɛkuw no dzin mu a wɔanngyɛ tum biara. Wosuroo dɛ wɔbɛyɛ hɔn bɔn dɛ wobefi amanyɛkuw no ho dɛ wɔbɛka ho, wɔyɛɛ adwen dɛ wɔbɛyɛ no hɔn fotow hwɛdofo enyimnyam mu. Nkrumah dɛ ɔagye dzin, ɔatahye beebira, ɔayɛ kɛse dɛ ɔtseew *Accra Evening News*,a nna ɔnnyɛ amanyɛɛkuw ne dze mbom nna Nkrumah noara na nyimapa bi dze. Ɔsanso tseew kuw bi wɔ Youth Organization (CYO) ɔyɛ mbaabun fa ɔwɔ UGCC mu. Annkyer biara na ɔtseew no ho na onyaa ngyedo dzin Ahodzido Aban seisiara. CYO no kaa eusafo bɔɔ mu, Nsordarfo a wɔkɔ ahomgye mu, na mbasiafo eguadzifo. Nkrumah san dzii ehyia wɔ no ho nsɛm mu dɛ ɔbɛtsew noho efi UGCC ho no yɛ adze a ɔyɛ ho biribiara a ɔnnyɛ yie, na ɔpɛ dɛ nkorɔfo no nyinara bedzi n'ekyir ber woentwiwoentwi aba no. Nkrumah n'ebisa ama fahodzi "Free-Dom" ama mbaabun bebiree a wonya edwuma nnyɛ a woefi kuayɛ na nkurase aba kurow kɛse mu. Wɔfaa ndwom adadaw bɛyɛɛ ndwom afofor a wɔkyerɛ fahodzi a ɔdze ɔgyee akwantufo, na Nkrumah noara noho, na nyimpadzm yɛkyerɛ wɔ Gold Coast nkwaado.

Amansan kasa bi a Aaron Mike Oquaye dze too gua kyerɛ dɛ, ɔkyerɛɛ dɛ nhyiamu bi kɔr do wɔ Saltpond, kurow bi a ɔwɔ Finimfin Mantɔw mu, a Nkrumah na UGCC nkorɔfo bi hɔ na Nkrumah kaa dɛ ɔnngye adwenkyerɛ bi a ɔbɛma nkorɔfo hɔn fahodzi nntum.

### Convention People's Party
Ɔhyɛɛ ase wɔ Ɛbɔwbira 1949 mu, nna nhyɛdo bi wɔ Nkrumah do fir n'ekyirdzifo wofii UGCC mu na wɔtseew hɔnara amanyɛkuw. Wɔ Ɔbiredzr 12,1949 mu no, ɔdze too gua dɛ ɔatsew Convention People's Party (CPP) no, a ɔyɛ kasafua "convention" a wɔfaa, Nkrumah kyerɛ a,  ɔbɛfa nyimpadɔm n'aka hɔnho. Nna ɔyɛ kwan a ɔdze resa UGCC hɔn nfirmu no; Ayɛwoho kor bi, ɔyɛɛ adwen dɛ wɔbɛyɛ Nkrumah dɛ hɔn kyerɛwkyerɛwfo na ɔasɛe CPP no. Mbom Nkrumah n'ekyirdzifo no anngye annto mu, na wɔtotɔoserɛɛ no dɛ mma ɔngyɛ nto mu na ongyina dɛ hɔn panyin.

CPP faa Akokɔ banyim kɔkɔɔ no dɛ n'ahyɛnsewdze - Ebuasuakuw ahorow nyim dɛm adze yi, na ɔyɛ akandzifo hɔn ahyɛnsew, kradoyɛ, na mbanyimyɛ. Amanyɛkuw n'ahyɛnsew na n'ahosu(Kɔkɔɔ, Fitaa na ahambanmon) ɔda edzi wɔ atam mu, frankaa, ahɛn na adan ho. CPP dwumadzifo twiw ahɛn a ɔyɛ Kɔkɔɔ-Fitaa na Ahabanmon wɔ ɔman no nyinara mu, robɔ ndwom na amansan ekyirdzifo ɔyɛkyerɛ ma amanyɛkuw no na nkankan ama Nkrumah. Dɛm dwumadzi yi kɔr do dwodwoodwo, nkankanara osiandɛ amankuw a oetwa mu no hɔn dwumadzi wɔ Gold Coast mu no nyinara dzi hɔn enyi esi nkurow akɛse enyimdzifo no do.

British no faa nkorɔfo kumaa bi a wɔka finimfin kuw a wɔyɛ Ebibifo, a akɛsefo esia no ka ho kyedɛ Nkrumah pɛr, dɛ wɔbɛyɛ ɔmanbra fofor a ɔbɛma Gold Coast no hɔn ankasa hɔn aban obedzi hɔn do. Nkrumah hun, mpo ber a dwumadzi yi ho nsɛmkaa bɛba, dɛ noho nyimpa wɔdze bɛba no bɔtɔ sin wɔ ndzido gyinapɛn ho., na ɔhyɛɛ ase faa nkorɔfo a wɔbɔbɔ dwumadzi pa ho amandzɛɛ. Nkrumah pɛɛ dɛ wobenya kuw bi a wɔbɛkyerɛw amanbra no. Ber a panyin, Charles Arden-Clarke, bɛtse iyi ase no, Nkrumah frɛɛ dwumadzi papa no, a kuw no nyinara tseew etua a ɔhyɛɛ ase wɔ Sanda 8, 1950. Etuatsew no dze oyene baa, na Nkrumah na CPP mpanyimfo nkaa no wɔkyer hɔn wɔ Sanda 22, na *Evening News* woguu no. Wɔdze Nkrumah kɔtio efiadze afe ebiasa, na wɔdze kwaadu a ɔyɛ bɔn nketsenketse too no do wɔ Accra's Fort James.

Nkrumah n'abedziekyir Komla Agbeli Gbedemah, dzii CPP enyim ber Nkrumah nnyi hɔ no; ɔkandzinyi a ɔda efiadze no tum hyehyɛɛ dwumadzi ɔnam nwiamu kwan do a ɔkyerɛw krataa wɔ tiefi krataa do. British no hyɛhyɛɛ abatow bi maa Gold Coast ɔnam ɔman mbra fofor no do, na Nkrumah hyɛɛ dɛ CPP mba no mper ngua no nyinara. Nna ndzɛmba mu adwe ɔnam dɛ Nkrumah wɔ afiadze no, na CPP na Bristish yɛɛ edwuma bɔɔ mu dɛ wɔbɛma abatow no aba do. Nkrumah gyinaa wɔ efiadze hɔ, dɛ obedzi nkunyim wɔ Nkran egua no. Gbedemah yɛɛ edwuma dɛ ɔbɛyɛ ɔman mu kasakyerɛ kuw, ɔnam ahɛn a kasafir sisido ama aka amanyɛkuw no nsɛm. UGCC no dzii nkugu dɛ wɔbɛyɛ ɔmanmu adze bia ɔbɛda ne nsɛm edzi, na ɔdaa no edzi dɛ no nkorɔfo hɔ efiadze ntsi onntum nnyɛ adze biara.

Kwawar 1951 mbrahyɛbagua ambatow mu no, ambatow a odzi  kan a wɔhyehyɛɛ wɔ dɛ nyimpadɔm befi hɔn pɛ mu atow wɔ Ebibir a Aborɔfo dzi do, CPP no dzii konyim wɔ kwankyɛn. CPP dzi konyim wɔ ngua 34 a ɔwɔ ngua 38 wɔper ho wɔ amanyɛkuw do, a Nkrumah woyii no wɔ Nkran ambatow mpasua do. UGCC dzii konyim ngua ebiasa na ankorankor bi so nyaa kor. Arden-Clarke hun dɛ Nkrumah ne fahodzi gyina dɛ wobogu amambra wɔdze reyɛ edwuma no. Nkrumah woyii no fir efiadze wɔ Kwarkwar 12, n'ekyirdzifo no maa no akɔaba yie. Adze kyee no, Arden-Clarke somae ma wɔkɔfrɛɛ no na ɔkaa kyerɛɛ no dɛ ɔntsew n'aban.

Nkrumah wiaa Arden-Clarke ne kyerɛkyerɛwnyi Erica Powell ber woyii no edzi na wɔpam no kɔr fie osiandɛ nna ɔdze noho rehyehyɛ Nkrumah. Powell san n'ekyir baa Ghana wɔ Sanda, 1955 dɛ ɔrebɛyɛ Nkrumah ne kyerɛkyerɛwnyi, dzibew okuraa mu mfe du. Powell nna ɔbɛn no paa na ber wɔbɔ mu no, ɔkyerw Nkrumah noho nsɛm bebiree, mbom iyi wɔannfa kesi ekyir yi.

### Ɔkandzifo Aban Amambu na Ɔsoafo Panyin
Nkrumah hyiaa ɔhaw pii ber ɔhyɛɛ edwuma sae. Nna ɔnnyɛɛ edwumma wɔ aban mu da, na ɔtwar dɛ osua dɛm yɛ. Gold Coast no nna ɔwɔ Mantɔw anan, ananmusifo bebiree bɔɔ mu yɛɛ kor. Nkrumah pɛɛ dɛ ɔka hɔn bɔmu bɛyɛ amansan kor, na ɔdze ɔman no ba fahodzi mu. Dɛ ɔbɔhwɛ ehiadze na nna wɔredadaa British no dɛ CPP hɔn dwumadzi nna ɔnnyɛ ntɔyɛɛ, mbom nna wɔyɛ ho biribiara a ɔnnyɛ yie, na Nkrumah na Arden-Clarke wɔyɛɛ edwuma bɔɔ mu. Opanyin no hyɛɛ dɛ wɔmma afotufo no aban no mboa, na British nkorɔfo ebiasa wɔka mpanyimfo noho no yɛɛ hɔn adwen dɛ wɔnkɔtow amba ntsia dɔm dodow no.

Ansaana oribedzi dwuma no, British akandzifo ayɛ mfe du nhyehyɛɛ a ɔwɔ hɔ ma mpontu. Adansi ho mpontu a ɔyɛ ebisadze a amamfo a wɔwɔ kurow no mu no nyinara hwehwɛe no, Nkrumah pen ne nyinara do, mbom ɔkyekyɛɛ mu mfe enum ntamu. Nna amambu no wɔ fapem wɔ sikasɛm afamu, a ɔfa no kookoo a woesie no afe beberee a ɔwɔ London, na Nkrumah nna ɔdze sika no yɛ edwuma a obo nnhyɛ no do. Wɔyɛɛ abaɛfor akwan ahorow nsu ano kwantsempɔn do na no nkwaa do. Tserani akwan so wɔyɛɛ no abaɛfor kwan do na wɔtserɛɛ mu. Abaɛfor nsusɛm na nsɔndo ndzɛmba so wɔyɛɛ no nkurow bebiree mu, a adan ho nhyehyɛɛ so wɔhyɛɛ ase. Ɔhyɛɛ Tema Habɔ fofor ase, ɔbɛn Nkran na dza ɔwɔ hɔ dada wɔ Takoradze no so wɔtserɛɛw mu. Wɔyɛɛ nhyehyɛɛ bi a wɔdze besi skuul adan na wɔtserɛɛw skuul ahorow mu, fii mbofraber mu kesi akyerɛkyerɛfo na edwuma suafo, wɔhyɛɛ ase. Ofi afe 1951 dze kɛpem 1956 mu no, nyimpa dodow a nna wɔyɛ nwomanyimfo wɔ dɛm amambu no mu fii 20,000 kɛpem 50,000. Mbom no, esuafo a wowiee skuul no nna wosuar dɛ wobotum ewura aban edwuma ne ehia mu, na wɔ 1953 mu no, Nkrumah kaa dɛ Afrikafo wɔbɛma hɔn etsidaa, ɔmanmu no bɛdan aborɔfo hɔn mboa mfe beberee.

Nkrumah tsirpɔw nye dɛ nna ɔyɛ panyin a ɔdɛ aban edwumayɛ ano a Arden-Clarke yɛ guamutsenanyi. Amonmu nkɔrdo daa edzi, na wɔ 1952 mu no, ɔman hwɛdofo no fir mpanyimfo kuw no mu, ogyaa Nkrumah dɛ Ɔman soafo, na ogyaa ndzɛmba a ɔfa aborɔfo a wɔrokɔ ebibibirman mu. Wɔdze kwaadu a ɔfa ewisɛm, nyimpa mu nyiyimu, dɛ kandzifo, odzi ebibirmu amadze ekyir, wɔyɛɛ iyi dɛ ɔbɔboa hɔn ebusua tsentsen na hɔn ebusuakuw. Nsesa odzi 1948 ako nna dɛ worotow aba eyi aban mpanyimfo nkumaa kyɛn dɛ nhyehyɛɛ dadaw a nna ahemfo na wɔda enyim no ka ho bi. Iyi nna ɔkyer adwen kosi dɛ no mu daa hɔ dɛ CPP na ɔdze bɔto gua. Amanyɛkuw no dodow a wɔwɔ mbrahyɛbaguafie hyɛɛ mbra ber 1951 rokɔ ewiei a oyii tum fir ahemfo no nsa bɛhyɛɛ hɔn ngua no nsa, mbom nna ɔko nkakrankakra hyehyɛ hɔnho ber a wɔdze tow fofor maa hɔn no.

Nkrumah wɔsan dze soafo panyin tum hyɛɛ ne nsa nna ɔmmaa no tum fofor, na ɔhwehwɛɛ ɔmambra nsesa mu a ɔdze fahodzi bɛba. 1952 mu no, ɔnye kyerɛwkyerɛwfo panyin a ɔwɔ ɔman no mu no Oliver Lyttelton dzii ehyia, a ɔkaa dɛ Britain benya enyimnyam dɛ wɔbɛyɛ mpontu dwuma bio, sɛ ahemfo na aban ndwumakuw ndedaanofo nya tum na dɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ hɔn adwen. Ahyɛase no Nkrumah n'amambu ho nhwɛdosɛm no British MI5 ahyehyɛ Nkrumah ho adwempɔn pii ɔnam mboa ahorow do, ɔka dɛ wɔrehwɛ tɛlɛfon do na meel do ɔnam kood dzin a ɔyɛ SWIFT. Ɔhyɛɛ ase wɔ Ɔbrɛfɛw ,1952, Nkrumah hwehwɛɛ adwenkyerɛ ɔnam afotudo na na fir amanyɛkuw nsesa mu ho, na ɔhwehwɛɛ mu yie fir ɔmanmu no nyinara, ɔka amanyɛkuw a wɔnye no reper. Amba a wɔtoow no afe a odzi do no ɔyɛ dza nomu krɔgyeen a ogyina amambra fofor do, hun dɛ anamɔn a otwa tun ansaana fahodzi ber. Wɔdze too gua Ɔbrɛdzi, 1953, amambra ho nsɛmkaa no wɔgyee too mu a ɔyɛ asɛmbli no na British no, na ɔbɛyɛɛ edwuma wɔ Ɛbɔwbira mu afe a odzido no. Nkyerɛkyerɛw fofor a wɔdze maa asɛmbli a ɔyɛ nyimpa 104, hɔn nyinara wɔtow aba yii hɔn, a ɔyɛ hɔn kuw no yɛ Ebibifo nkotsee a hɔn dwumadzi nye dɛ wɔbɔtoto amambu a ɔfa ɔman noho. Abotow a ɔkɔrdo Ɔbrɛdzi 15,1954, CPP no dzii nkunyim 71, a Mantɔw Northern People's Party a hɔn na wɔyɛ akansifo a woeyi hɔn enyim.

Akansifo amanyɛkuw bebiree tseew National Liberation Movement. Nna hɔn ebisadze yɛ dɛ ɔbɛyɛ kabimamenkabi kyɛn dɛ ɔbɛyɛ aban kor pɛr a ɔyɛ fahodzi Gold Coast, na dan a ɔwɔ sor no yɛ bea a ahemfo na nananomatsenankungua nkaa no botum edzi dwuma dɛ CPP dodow a wɔwɔ asɛmbli hɔ no. Wɔmaa Northern Territory na Esuantseman ahemfo mboa a wɔdze adzeserɛ kɔtoo British baahemaa enyim, Elizabeth II a woribisa no adzedzi adze a ɔbɛyɛ a Gold Coast amamu besi ayɛ. Iyi n'ban anngyɛ annto mu, a 1955 mu ɔkaa dɛ dɛm dwumadzi wɔdze bedzi dwuma a ɔwɔ dɛ nyimpa wɔwɔ Gold Coast no da no edzi dɛ hɔnankasa nntum nnyɛ hɔn amambu. Amanyɛkuw wentwiwentwi mu no, amayɛkuw ebien no yɛɛ dɛ wobesiesie hɔn ntsamu, mbom NLM anngye annto mu dɛ ɔnye CPP dodow no hɔn ehyia biara. Nananomatsenankugua no so wɔdze tabo too hɔn do ɔnam mbra bi a wɔdaa no edzi, a ɔmaa ahemfo nkumaa dze hɔn ehiasɛm kɔtoo aban n'enyim wɔ nkran, a wɔdze nananom atsenankungua tumdzi daa edzi. British no nna wɔmmpɛ dɛ wogya nsɛm ɔfa mbrɛ Gold Coast nya ne fahodzi a wobesi ebu hɔn man, na Ɔbrɛdzi 1956 mu no, oborɔnyi kyerɛwkyerɛwnyi, Alan Lennox-Boyd dze too gua dɛ abatow fofor bɛba do wɔ Gold Coast, na sɛ yenya nyimpa dodow tsia CPP dodow dzibew no a,Britain bɛhyɛ da ama hɔn fahodzi. 1956 abatow nyiano no nna ɔsɛ dza ɔkɔr do afe anan mu no nna wɔ Dzifuu 3 no asɛmbli no tow aba maa fahodzi a dzin Kwame Nkrumah nna oedzi ho dwuma wɔ Ɛbɔwbira mu. Fankwa mu no, Aborɔfo no dze too gua dɛ Fahodzi da aba wɔ Ɛbɔw 6, 1957.

Nna akotsiafo no hɔn bo nngye do wɔ adwen a ɔfa Fahodzi noho, na wɔhwehwɛɛ dɛ tum no wɔnkyekyɛ no Mantɔw ahorow mu. Mpɛnsampɛnsamu kɔr do wɔ 1956 mu kowuraa 1957 mu. Mbom Nkrumah antoto ase wɔ ne mper ama dɛ aban no bedzi ɔmanmu nodo no, wɔkyekyɛɛ ɔman no mu ekuw enum, a nna tum no fi Nkran, na ahemfo no dwumadzi wɔ hɔn amambu mu. Kwarkwar 21,1957, British Soafo panyin, Harold Macmillan, dze too gua dɛ Ghana bɛkɛ commonwealth of Nations fir Ɛbɔw 6.

## Ghanafo Hɔn Fahodzi
Tsetse Gold Coast Frankaa no kyerɛ British Ahendzi no tumdzi

Nkrumah no Ghana frankaa fofor no kyerɛ Ebibirmu ɔmanyɛ na tumdzi

Ghana nyaa no fahodzi wɔ Ɛbɔw 6, 1957 dɛ Ghana a ɔdze noho. Dɛ British ndzido man a onyaa ne fahodzi a odzi kan, enyigye a ɔkɔr do wɔ Nkra no ɔtwee wiadze afanaa nyina hɔn adwen; nsɛmkyerɛwfo bɛyɛ ɔha na fɔtotwafo botwaa dwumadzi n o. United States Mampanyin Dwight D. Eisenhower somaa abadobɔ nkrato na n'abadziekyir Richard Nixon bosii U.S ananmu wɔ dwumadzi n'ase. Soviet delegation no serɛɛ Nkrumah dɛɛ ɔnkɛsera Moscow Amon mu hɔ ara. Amanyɛ mu abɔdzemunyasapɛnyi Ralph Bunche, Africanyi Amɛrikanyi nna ɔwɔ hɔ ma wiadze nkabom kuw, nna Duchess a ofi Kent so bosii Queen Elizabeth II n'anan. Wiadze afanaa nyinara bɔboae. Mpo sɛ nkyɛ wɔnka ho a, ɔman nna wohu hɔn dɛ ahonyafo, a kookoo akatua wɔ sor na hɔn fagudzi ahorow so rotu mpɔn.

Dɛ mbrɛ Ɛbɔw enum sesaa bɛyɛɛ esia no, Nkrumah sɔr gyinaa du a ɔwɔ mpempem a wɔyɛ ekyirtaafo na ɔkaa dɛ, yɛwɔ asodzi dɛ yɛbɛkyerɛ wiadze afanaa dɛ Ebibifo so botum ebu hɔn man wɔ nkɔrdo na ahohyɛdo na dɛ wobɛdzi kabinamenkabi do. Ɔwɛ dɛ yɛyɛ nhwɛdo ma Ebibifo nkaa no nyinara.

Nkrumah nna wɔbɛ no nsabran *Osagyefo* a ɔkyerɛ dɛ  ɔgyefo wɔ akan kasa mu. Dɛm fahadzi ehursi yi nna Duchess a ofi Kent na Governor otsiban Charles Arden-Clarke ka ho bi. A nna nsɛmkyerɛwfo a wɔbor 600 bɛkaa ho bi, Ghanafo hɔn fahodzi bɛyɛɛ amanaman hɔn kaseɛbɔ wɔ Ebibirmu abakɔsɛm mu.

Ghana frankaa no Theodosia Okoh na ɔyɛɛ, Ɔfaa Ethiopiafo hɔn ahabanmon-akokɔangua-kɔkɔɔ Judah mu Gyata na ɔdze Nsorma tumtum sesaa Gyata no. Kɔben no gyina hɔ ma bogyahwiegu; ahabanmon no gyina hɔ ma adzefɛw, nduadzewa, na nkɔrdo; akokɔangua gyina hɔ ma sika kɔkɔɔ; nsorma tumtum no gyina hɔ ma Ebibifo hɔn fahodzi. Ɔman no coat of arms fofor no Amo Kotei dzii dɛm dwuma no, ɔdze ɔkɔr, gyata, St. George's Cross, na Nsorma Tumtum a copious gold na gold trim. Philip Gbebo wɔhyɛɛ no dɛ wɔkyerɛw ɔmanmu ndwom,  Onyankopɔn nhyira hɛn man Ghana. 

Dɛ ɔbɛyɛ nkadum ama ɔman fofor no, Nkrumah buee Black Star Square a ɔbɛn Osu Castle wɔ Nsuano a ɔyɛ Osu Mansin, Nkran. Wɔdze dɛm square yi bedzi dwuma dɛ ɔman n'ahyɛnsewdze na nyimpadɔm nkabom yɛkyerɛ.

Nkrumah n'amambu mu, Ghana faa kabimamenkabi ndzɛmba na ndzdeyɛɛ. Nkrumah yɛɛ nyɛnma nhyehyɛɛ, hyɛɛ nkurow ahorow dwumadzin na ɔtsetseew skuuls ahorow.

## Ghanafo Hɔn Mampanyin (1957–1966)

### Amanyɛsɛm Mpontu na mampanyin abatow
Nkrumah dzi ber kakra dɛ ɔwar nkyer no ekyir a nna ne mamfo nnyɛ ahomgye wɔ ne man mu no. Aban no somaa nsordarfo kɔr Togo-land dɛ wɔnkɛgye nkorɔfo a wɔnnya asomdwee a ofi ntokwa a ɔfa amambasɛm ho wɔ ɔman fofor no mu. Hɛnkafo tsew etua wɔ Nkran wɔ mentse moho ase a osii Gafo nkorɔfo mu, a nna wɔgye dzi dɛ nkorɔfo a wofi ebusuakuw fofor mu rinya akwanya wɔ aban dwuma mu, na iyi dze oyene baa wɔ Dzifuu mu. Nkrumah n'ano yi nye dɛ ɔsɔn aban mu edwumayɛfo nkumaa nodo a ogyinaa Discrimination Act (6 December 1957) a ɔdze tabɔn too Mantɔw anaa ebusuasɛm amanyɛkuw do. Ebusuasɛm kor so sii wɔ Esuantseman mu, bet Nkrumah na CPP no nyaa ahenfo nkumaa no a nna wonndzi amanyɛkuw biara ekyir no wotuu hɔn egua do. Dɛm dwumadzi yi nna ɔfa akotsiafo amanyɛkuw ho, a wɔbɔbɔɔ mu tseew United Party a ɔyɛ Kofi Abrefa Busia hyɛase.

1958 mu no, wɔkyer ɔkotsianyi MP bi a kwaadu a wɔdze bɔɔ no nye dɛ nna ɔpɛ dɛ ɔfa akodze bi fir aborɔkyir a nna wɔahyehyɛ dɛ ɔdze bɛsesa Ghana Army (GA) hɔn ndzɛmba. Nkrumah nyaa ngyentum dɛ binom ayɛ hɔn adwen dɛ wobotu nase.

Nsu a nna ɔsɔn gumu kor so nye Mantɔw ananmusifo no, a nna wɔdze hɔn abɔ mu dɛ wongyina hɔ mma amambra ho nsɛnkae no. Akotsiafo no, a nna hɔnho yɛdzen wɔ Esuantseman mu no na Etsifi no, wɔhyɛɛ asɛmbli no kutupa; CPP no nna wɔpɛ dɛ wodzi dwuma dɛ afotufo. 1959 mu no, Nkrumah faa no dɔm dodow a ɔwɔ no mbrahyɛbaguafie no do tsiw dɛ wɔnnsa ɔmambra no mu, a ɔno maa woguu asɛmbli no na obuei kwan maa mbrahyɛbaguafo no dɛ wobotum asesa ɔmambra a ohia dɔm dodow no pɛr.

Queen Elizabeth II dzii Ghana do fir 1957 kɛpem 1960. William Hare, 5th Earl a ofi Listowel nna ɔyɛ Governor-General, na Nkrumah gyinaa dɛ Soafo Panyin. Ɛbɔw 6, 1960 mu no, Nkrumah dze ne tsirmupɔw a ɔfa Ghana amambra fofor ho ɔbɛma Ghana ayɛ amambu, a ɔmampanyi bedzin hɔn enyim a ɔwɔ asoafo na mbrahyɛbagua tum. Dɛm asɛm yi na ɔka ho dɛ ɔbɛma Ghana ahyɛ tum a ɔwɔ Union of African States ase. Wɔ Ɛbɔwbira 19,23 na 27 wɔ 1960 mu dɛ ɔyɛ mampanyin abatow nna abatow nkyekyɛmu a ɔwɔ amambra no mu kɔr do. Amambra no kasae na woyii Nkrumah dɛ mampanyin wɔ J. B. Danquah do, nyimpa a ogyinaa ma UP, 1,016,076 kɛpem 124,623. Ghana sanso kaa British-led Commonwealth of Nations.

#### Ebusuasɛm ho nsɔrntsia
Nkrumah hwehwɛɛ dɛ obeyi ebusuasɛm efi hɔ, adehyesɛm nna ɔkɔr do kyɛn hɔn a nna wɔwɔ ɔman no mu no, dɛ mbrɛ ɔkyerɛɛw no *Africa Must Unite*:  Yɛdze hɛnho ahyɛ ɔko bi mu no, ɔko a yɛdze ritsia ohia na yarba, ritsia adwenmu ntsew, ritsia ebusuasɛm na wentwiwentwi. Ɔwɔ dɛ yenya ndzzɛmba a ɔbɔboa ma yeetum esisi adan na mpontu dwuma.  Bodur dɛm ber yi, 1958 mu no, n'amambu no peen mbra bi do a otsia kuw bi a wɔyɛ nyuimpa su mo nyiyimu anaa ɔsom ho akasakasa ɔdze nyimpasu mu nyiyimu anaa ɔsom ahorow, anaa dɛ wobenya nkorɔfo a wɔbɔtow aba ama wo ɔnam hɔn nyimpasu nyiyimu ntsi anaa ɔsom ahorow bi ntsi, anaa botae bi a ɔnye iyi sɛ.  Nkrumah pɛɛ dɛ ɔdze Ghana afrankaa twa ɔman no nyinara mu, na ɔdze tabon too ebusuasɛm afrankaa do dɛm obiara nyɛ asobrakye ntsia.

Kofi Abrefa Busia a ofi United Party (Ghana) no, nyaa ekyirtaafo dɛ ɔkotsianyi panyin wɔ anokɔnkɔn bi dɛm mbra yi do, dɛ wɔbɛfa enyimdzifo edzi hɔn enyim na wobobu tabon a ɔda ebusuasɛm amanyɛsɛm dɛ nhyɛdo. Iyi ekyir, ofii ɔman no mu. Nkrumah nna ɔyɛ mambayin wɔagye ntsin paa. *The New York Times* wɔ afe 1972 mu no kyerɛw dɛ: Ber no tumdzi wɔ sor dɛ Ghana mampanyin wɔ 1950 mu na 1960 mu no, Kwame Nkrumah nna ɔyɛ wɔagye dzin wɔ amamfo hɔn ano mu. Fie, ɔgyee dzin na onyaa enyimnyam abɔtsir a ɔyɛ *Osagyefo* (Ɔkyerɛ Ɔgyefo Akan mu). Aborɔkyir nna ɔnye wiadze mpanyimfodɛ ɔyɛ nyimpa odzikan a odzii Afrika enyim dze per fahodzi wɔ Wiadze Ɔko a ɔtɔ do ebien ekyir no.

Ber odzii dzii dɛ Soafo Panyin na Ɔmampanyin a odzi kan no, Nkrumah dzii konyim dɛ ɔtsew amanyɛkuw ho mfaso a ɔfa ahemfo ho no (mfatoho: Akan ahemfo no na na Esuantse manhen) Dɛm ahemfo yi nna woetsintsim tumdzi ber aborɔfi no ridzi hɛn do ɔnam nkabom wɔnye British akandzifo no wɔ no; nokwar mu, nna mpɛn pii no wɔyɛ nhwehwɛenyim ɔnam hɔn dzibew ntsi, a ɔnye British kuw no nyaa manso tse dɛ Aborigines' Rights Protection Society. Convention People's Party no nna wɔnye ahemfo no wɔ nkitahodzi ber wobobuu ɔman no, na dɛm anyɛnkofa yi bɛyɛɛ dzen dɛ CPP yɛɛ ahemfo amamyɛkuw akotsiafo na wobuu amambu no dɛ ɔnnyɛ ka-bi-ma-menka-bi amambu. Mbra a wɔhyɛɛ no 1958 na 1959 mu maa aban no tum kɛse paara dɛ noara botum etu ahemfo adze do, na ɔyɛɛ amambu a ɔyɛ ahensɛm na sikasɛm. Dɛm dwumadzi yi yɛe ma ahemfo no bɛyɛɛ ahɔho na ɔmaa wɔbɛyɛɛ nkorɔfo a wɔpɛɛ dɛ wotu Nkrumah na n'amanyɛkuw no.

## Mboayɛdze
Nkyekyεmu:Ghanafo