Gwo ka

**Gwo ka** yɛ French nkorɔfo bi a wodzi afra wɔ Europe na bibifo mu hɔn kasae bi wɔ dze ma kyen kɛse. Wɔyi *Gwotanbou Fri hɔ a*, yɛ kyerɛ dɛ *Ka* anaa *Banboula* (ne dadaw mu), ɔkyerɛw ebusuakuw a ɔyɛ nsa -kyen na ndwom a wɔdze hɔn bɔ, Ono na odzi akotsen wɔ Guadeloupean folk ndwom mu . Ɔsanso yɛ, kasakoa bi a wɔ taa huu sɛ wɔrekyerɛ kakraba, flat-bottomed tambourine (*tanbou d'bas*) a wɔ bɔ no wɔ kadri ndwom mu, anaa wɔ kyen ne bɔ mu (*tanbou*).

Gwo Ka ndwomtow dwumadzi no puei wɔ 17th  century, wɔ aber na wɔdze nyimpa beberee a na no dodow yɛ ebibifo yɛ nkowa na san tɔn hɔn.

Gwo ka ndwom kyen bɔ wɔ akwan esuon a wɔ dze bɔ, na nyimpa a wɔbɔ kyen no tum gyina do dze  hyehyɛ ndwom wɔ akwan ahorow mu. Kyen ahorow Fri kɛse dze kɔ Kakraba dze ndwom n'ase ne nhyehyɛe n'ahyɛse to gua na ɔda no edzi yie. Kyen kɛse no, boula, bɔɔ ndwom no tsitsir wɔ aber a kyen ketseketse *maké* (anaa markeur) dzi nhyehyɛe a ɔdze dɛw siesie ndwom no to gua, nyimpa dodow dzi hɔn agor a ibi yɛ hɔn a wɔsaw, ahwɛfo, anaa ndwomtofo. Gwo ka ndwomtow no wɔtow fri hɔn kɔnadze, hwen mu , na ne ngyegyee mu nda hɔ, ibom obotum ayɛ kann na ne mu ada hɔ yie, na ndwom no ma do wɔ akwan bi mu na complex harmonies na melodies.[*citation needed*] Asaw bi nso wɔ hɔ a ɔka awensɛm na gwo ka kyen no boa ma asaw no dzi mu.

Ndɛ mber mu yi, wɔ Guadeloupe no, kyen bɔ nnfa no ho nnbɔ asaw ho biom. Na ibom tsetse no, na dwumadzi ebien no mframa nnfa hɔn mu ma na ɔka léwôz amanbrɛ ho, dwumadzi a na wɔyɛ no held dapɛn ebien biara wɔ memenda wɔ hɔn ahaban kɛse nkyɛn(akɛtuada), na ne memenda biara wɔ afahyɛ mber no mu wɔ mbea a asaase kɛse ne nhyehyɛe. Gwoka ndwom na ɔyɛ–na ɔkɔdo – ndwom a wɔbɔɔ no afe mu nyinara wɔ amanbrɛ dwumadzi ahorow ne ɔyɛkyerɛ bi tse dɛ *léwòz*, *kout’tanbou*, *véyé* na ɔsom dwumadzi , ibi nye Advent-fo hɔn wake. Ndɛ, Guadeloupans  nkuraase hyia mu na wɔ yɛ léwôz dwumadzi ahorow ,na ibom gwo ka abɛyɛ dumadzi wɔ abɛɛfo akwan mu ma w'agye dzin yie a ndɛ ogyina dɛɛ  gwo ka moderne.

## History
Gwo Ka ndwomtow dwumadzi no bɛ daa edzi wɔ  17th century wɔ aber a abrofo dze ebibifo kɔɔ nkowasom mu, a na ogyina dɛ wɔdze nyimpa ahorow a wɔ fri mbeambea ridzi afra: ama w'enya hɔn atsena ho nkyerɛkyerɛ na wɔdze Europe amanbrɛ abɔ hɔn bra. Ebibifo nkowa a wɔwɔ Guadeloupe na wohyia bɔ kyen, wɔ tow ndwom na wɔ saw.Code Noir nna ɔmma ho kwan ma wɔnnfa kyen biara ndzi dwuma wɔ dɛm aber no.Dɛm nsusuando yi maa nkowa no faa akwan bi a na wɔdze hɔn ndze yɛ a wɔfrɛ no a bouladjèl, na na akwan no dze kyen bɔ dzi nsɛ. Wɔ dɛm aber no, na Gwoka dwumadzi no gyina hɔ ma ahayɛ edwuma, ne tsitsir ahwir, coffee na mpuwa ho edwuma.

Wɔ afe 1946 n'ekyir no, wɔ nye hom a wɔ ko tsia amanbrɛ nhyɛdo na amanbu nhyɛdo kuw ahorow, Gwoka tumm tsiraa island hɔ, na iyi hyɛɛ ase maa Gwoka nyaa ne ntsin. Dɛm yi ntsi, wɔ afe 1988, mbranyimfo na ɔman amanbufo mpanyin  Félix Cotellon yɛɛ Festival de Gwoka Sentann wɔ kurow a ɔyɛ city of Sainte-Anne wɔ aber a wanngye mboa ennfri mantam fo no hɔ. Adzesuadze na  nhyiamu a wɔdze fa adwen wɔ nsɛm tsitsir ho kɔɔ do wɔ dwumadzi n'ase.

Wɔ afe 1981 no, ndwomtownyi Gérard Lockel daa dwumadzi Traité de Gwoka modên edzi, Dza odzii kan a ɔdze dɛm ndwomtow edwuma yi bɔtoo gua. Ɔkyerɛɛ dɛɛ Gwoka yɛ atonal, ɔdze kwan to hom na abrofo hɔn nhyehɛe na hɔn pɛ ntsɛmu . Ɔgye dzi dɛɛ Gwoka yɛ soronko, na ɔkyerɛ dɛ dɛm ndwom yi wɔ akwan bi wɔ Ebibiman ndwom amanbrɛ mu. Ibom ne ntsease yɛ dzen, wɔ Lockel na amanbu mu, Gwoka benyaa nsesa fri ndwom a wɔ puei na w'abɔ mu abɔ dze kɔɔ ndwon a wɔ siesie no yie na w'abɔ no wɔ adan a nyimpa tum tsena na w'ahwɛ dwumadzi no na wɔdze Europe na North America ndzɛmba a wɔdze yɛ ndwom dzi dwuma.

Ndwomtow nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ dɛɛ ndzɛmba a wɔdze yɛ ndwom no nya ne ntsin wɔ kyen na ndwom a ofri Ebibiman ahorow(Guinea gulf, Congo...)[citation needed]. Fri mbeambea ahorow ndwom na asaw a ofri hɔn asaase do, nkowa no kyerɛ hɔn kasae mu , akwan fofor a wɔdze bɔɔ ndzɛmba, tse dɛɛ creole kasa: Gwo Ka.[citation needed] Dɛm ndwomtow akwan yi kyerɛ Ebibiman adzekyerɛ a ogu mu ahorow[citation needed]: - akwan a osisido - ne nhyehyɛe  - kwan a wɔfefa a ndwom dze ba - na ngyedo a ndwomtowfo dze ma ndwontonyi a ono nko dzi kan tow - syncopation wɔ ne mbraw yɛ mu.

## Instruments
Wɔ gwo ka amanbrɛ mu no, wɔ dze nsa kyen ebien na wɔdze dzi dwuma (*ka* in créole): *boula* kor na *makè kor*. Wɔ abakɔsɛm mu no, wɔdze ma odzidzi do yi yɛ *ka*:

* keg nam a w'esiesie no ma honam no(*bari a vyann* anaa *bouko* wɔ créole);
* apɔnkye ne honam (*po a kabrit* wɔ créole) — wɔdze nyin ma *boula* na Ber ma *makè*;
* tensioning metal hoops (*sèk*, i.e. circle in créole);
* wooden tensioning pegs (*klé* wɔ créole);
* ahoma (*zoban* wɔ créole).

Wɔ mpɛn bi no, Ka ne fa bi no nya:

* *ti-bwa*: 15 dze kɔ 20 cm ndua a wɔbɔ no wɔ "Ka" ne nkyen anaa wɔ bamboo culm ne fa bi a ɔyɛ bɛyɛ 15 cm wɔ diameter mu;
* *chacha*: calabash a w'eyi no mu na w'asan ahow mu— anaa konko biara  — a wɔdze granular ndzɛmba ahyɛ no ma (ibi nye grains, nkyin, ahwia...).

## Rythms
Ndzɛmba a wɔ dze gyina do (abrabɔ na ndwomtow ne nkyekɛmu ahorow) a ɔwɔ yɛ"master" a wɔkeka bɔ base dze yɛ ndwom esoun anaa asaw:

* L*éwôz* yɛ ako ndwom, wɔdze yɛ ndwom a wɔdze bɔ ahaban ne ho ban fri nhyehyɛe a ɔtsia hɔn , ibom na ɔsanso yɛ asaw a wɔdze kankye;
* *Kaladja* gyina hɔ na ɔbrɛ wɔ ɔdɔ mu ;
* *Toumblak*, twe dɛɛ kaladja, dze ɔdɔ asɛm dzi dwuma, yafun asaw, asaw a ɔkeyɛw awo asɛm;
* *Padjabèl* yɛ abeiɛ ne twa ho asaw;
* *Graj* dze ahayɛ edwuma nam;
* *Woulé* yɛ "creole waltz", wɔdze kankye na wɔ fa abrofo no hɔn su;
* *Mendé* na obotum ayɛ ndwom a ɔbaa ekyir yi wɔ islands no do, na wɔdze "Congos" wɔ nkrataa nhyehyɛe wɔ abolition n'ekyir, na ogyina hɔ ma nkabɔmu a wɔdze dzi afahyɛ no.

## Dance
"Gwo-ka yɛ asaw nhyehyɛe biara nnyi ho na wɔdze mbɔdzenbɔ yɛ, asaw a ofri hɔn mu, na ɔba mpofri mu. (…) Gwo-ka, asaw no ɔmma wonngye ndzi dɛ biribi bɛ si, ma ɔma wotum gyina pintsin wɔ mber dzen mu na ɔma wotum tsena biribiara ano: Asaw a ɔma nkwa"

## Gwo ka moderne
Gwo ka  a w'ayɛ no abɛɛfo ndɛ dwumadzi yɛ *gwo ka moderne*, a ɔdze ndwomtow ndzɛmba pii a ibi nye conga anaa djembe kyen na chimes dze kɔ electric bass guitar. Wɔ n'ase no, ibom, dɛm nhyehyɛe ahorow nyinara dze nhyehyɛe kor noara ɔdze ndwom esuon dɛ  folk gwo ka to gua. Zouk legends Kassav' dzii akotsen kɛse n'ara wɔ abɛɛfo ndɛ dwumadzi wɔ gwo ka mu, na ɔtsew dzumadzi a na wɔhu no dɛ ɔyɛ ekyir adze anaa ne ho etwa mu no n'enyim; wɔ bɔ no wɔ gro ka kwan mu, wɔdze ndwom fri gwo ka Afahyɛ amanbrɛ ase ma *mas a St. Jean* na wɔdze enyidze sanso dze maa amanbrɛ kyenbɔfo mpanyinfo Velo wɔ hɔn ahyɛse ndwomtow ndwuma ho.

Gwo ka moderne ndwomtofo no bi nye Pakala Percussion, Van Lévé na Poukoutan'n, nna ndwomtofo bebebree a na wodzi akotsen wɔ pop mu tse dɛ Marcel Magnat na Ti Celeste, wɔ aber a Gerard Hubert na na ibinon dze gwo ka afra zouk. Ndɛ gwo ka ndwomtonyi a w'agye ne dzin yie nye, ibom, yɛ 'William Flessel, ne *Message Ka* wɔ 1994 bɛyɛ amanaman mu.

Wɔ afe 2013, Heritage Committee ma Ministry of Culture and Communication yii gwoka dɛ wɔbɛyɛ akyerɛw nhyehyɛe afa ho wɔ Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity ama wɔdze mpagya abrɛ gwoka na w'ahyeyɛ ɔyɛfo ahorow ama no.

Wɔ 2014, Heritage Committee hyɛɛ gwoka nsiw wɔ Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

## References