تاریخ جهانی

بندانگشتی|نقشه دو نیم کره زمین که در سال ۱۶۳۰ میلادی توسط یک نقشه نگار هلندی طراحی شده است
**تاریخ** **جهانی** یا **تاریخ از منظر جهانی** به عنوان یک زمینه مطالعات تاریخی، تاریخ را از منظر جهانی بررسی می‌کند. این حوزه قرن‌ها پیش ظهور کرد و مورخان برجسته این حوزه عبارتند از ولتر (۱۶۹۴–۱۷۷۸)، هگل (۱۷۷۰–۱۸۳۱)، کارل مارکس (۱۸۱۸–۱۸۸۳)، اسوالد اسپنگلر (۱۸۸۰–۱۹۳۶)، و آرنولد جی. توینبی (۱۸۸۹–۱۹۷۵). این رشته در اواخر قرن بیستم بسیار فعال تر شد (از نظر تدریس در دانشگاه، کتاب‌های درسی، مجلات علمی و انجمن‌های دانشگاهی). تاریخ جهانی را با تاریخ تطبیقی که مانند تاریخ جهانی به تاریخ فرهنگ‌ها و ملل متعدد می‌پردازد، اما در مقیاس جهانی چنین نمی‌کند، نباید اشتباه گرفت. تاریخ جهان به دنبال الگوهای مشترکی است که در همه فرهنگ‌ها ظاهر می‌شود. مورخان جهان از یک رویکرد درون‌مایه‌ای با دو نقطه کانونی اصلی استفاده می‌کنند: یکپارچگی و تلفیق‌گرایی (چگونه فرآیندهای تاریخ جهان مردم جهان را به هم نزدیک کرده‌است) و تفاوت (چگونه الگوهای تاریخ جهان تنوع تجربه و شرایط انسانی را آشکار می‌کند).

ظهور تاریخ جهانی به عنوان یک رشته تحصیلی متمایز دانشگاهی را می‌توان در دهه ۱۹۶۰ میلادی دنبال کرد، اما سرعت پیشرفت آن در دهه ۱۹۸۰ میلادی افزایش یافت. یک گام کلیدی ایجاد اتحادیه و انجمن تاریخ جهانی و برنامه‌های تحصیلات تکمیلی در تعداد انگشت شماری از دانشگاه‌ها بود و در طول دهه‌های بعد، نشریات علمی، سازمان‌های حرفه‌ای و دانشگاهی، و برنامه‌های تحصیلات تکمیلی در تاریخ جهان افزایش یافت. تاریخ جهان اغلب جای تمرکز بر روی تمدن غرب را در برنامه درسی مورد نیاز دبیرستان‌ها و دانشگاه‌های آمریکا قرار داده‌است و کتاب‌های درسی جدید رویکردی از این نوع را دارند.

## جستارهای وابسته

* تاریخ
* جهانی‌شدن

## یادداشت‌ها



## منابع

## کتاب‌شناسی
### نویسندگان و کتاب‌های آنها در مورد تاریخ جهانی

* Peter Kropotkin (1842–1921), *[[The State: Its Historic Role]]* (London, 1896)
* Friedrich Engels (1820–1895), *[[منشأ خانواده، مالکیت خصوصی و دولت|The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State]]* (Zurich, 1884)
* Christopher Bayly, *The Birth of the Modern World: Global Connections and Comparisons, 1780–1914* (London, 2004)
* Jerry Bentley, (1949–2012) Founder and editor of the *Journal of World History*
* Jacques Bertin, *Atlas historique universel.* *Panorama de l'histoire du monde*, Geneva, Minerva, 1997
* Fernand Braudel, (1903–1985) *Civilisation matérielle, économie et capitalisme* (Paris, 1973, 3 vols.); English translation, *Civilization and Capitalism, 15th–18th Centuries*, translated by Siân Reynolds, 3 vols. (1979)
* Philip D. Curtin (1922–2009), *The World and the West: The European Challenge and the Overseas Response in the Age of Empire.* (2000) 308 pp. . online review
* Christopher Dawson (1889–1970) *Religion and the Rise of Western Culture* (1950) excerpt and text search
* Will Durant (1885–1981) and Ariel Durant (1898–1981); *[[تاریخ تمدن|The Story of Civilization]]* (1935–1975).
* Felipe Fernandez-Armesto (b. 1950), "Millennium" (1995), "Civilizations" (2000), "The World" (2007).
* Francis Fukuyama (1952–) *The End of History and the Last Man* (1992)
* Samuel P. Huntington (1927 - 2008) *The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (1996)*
* Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1830), philosopher of world history
* Akira Iriye, *Global and Transnational History: The Past, Present, and Future’’ (2012)*
* Patrick Manning, *Navigating World History: Historians Create a Global Past* (2003)
* William Hardy McNeill (born 1917); see especially *The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community* (1963)
* Robert McNeill and William H. McNeill. *The Human Web: A Bird's-Eye View of World History* (2003) excerpt and text search
* Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964), *[[نگاهی به تاریخ جهان|Glimpses of World History]]* (1930–1933)
* Jürgen Osterhammel, *The Transformation of the World: A Global History of the Nineteenth Century* (2014) excerpt
* Carroll Quigley (1910–1977), *The Evolution of Civilizations* (1961), *Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time* (1966), *Weapons Systems and Political Stability: A History* (1983)
* Pitirim Sorokin (1889–1968), Russian-American macrosociology; *Social and Cultural Dynamics* (4 vol. , 1937–41)
* Oswald Spengler (1880–1936), German; *[[انحطاط غرب|The Decline of the West]]* (1918–22) ; ; excerpt and text search, abridged edition
* Peter Stearns, (1936–) USA; *World History in Brief: Major Patterns of Change and Continuity*, 7th ed. (2009); *Encyclopedia of World History*, 6th ed. (200pp)
* Luc-Normand Tellier, Canadian; *Urban World History*, PUQ, (2009), 650 pages; online edition
* Arnold J. Toynbee, British; *[[بررسی تاریخ جهان|A Study of History]]* (1934–61)
* Eric Voegelin (1901–1985) *Order and History* (1956–85)
* Immanuel Wallerstein, World-systems theory
* Giano Rocca, "The Ultimate Meaning of Human Existence - The Scientific Method Applied to the Human Condition - Book I" (2016)

### منابع دانشگاهی

* Bayly, Christopher Alan. *The birth of the modern world, 1780–1914: global connections and comparisons* (Blackwell, 2004)
* Bullet, Richard et al. , *The Earth and Its Peoples* 6th ed. (2 vol, 2014), university textbook
* Duiker, William J. Duiker and Jackson J. Spielvogel. *World History* (2 vol 2006), university textbook
* Dupuy, R. Ernest and Trevor N. Dupuy. *The Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3500 B.C. to the Present* (1977), 1465 pp; comprehensive discussion focused on wars and battles
* Gombrich, Ernst. A Little History of the World (1936 & 1995)
* Grenville, J.A.S. *A History of the World: From the 20th to the 21st Century* (2005)
* Lee, Wayne E. *Waging War: Conflict, Culture, and Innovation in World History* (2015) excerpt
* McKay, John P. and Bennett D. Hill. *A History of World Societies* (2 vol. 2011), university textbook
* McNeill, William H. *A World History* (1998), University textbook
* McNeill, William H. , Jerry H. Bentley, and David Christian, eds. *Berkshire Encyclopedia Of World History* (5 vol 2005)
* Osterhammel, Jürgen. *The Transformation of the World: A Global History of the Nineteenth Century* (Princeton University Press, 2014), 1167pp
* Paine, Lincoln. *The sea and civilization: a maritime history of the world* (Knopf, 2013). Pp. xxxv+ 744. 72 illustrations, 17 maps. excerpt
* Roberts, J. M. and O. A. Westad. *The History of the World* (2013)
* Rosenberg, Emily, et al. eds. *A World Connecting: 1870–1945* (2012)
* Stearns, Peter N. ed. *Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World: 1750 to the Present* (8 vol. 2008)
* Stearns, Peter N. *The Industrial Revolution in World History* (1998) online edition
* Szulc, Tad. *Then and Now: How the World Has Changed since W.W. II*. (1990). 515 p. ISBN ; Popular history
* Tignor, Robert, et al. *Worlds Together, Worlds Apart: A History of the World* (4th ed, 2 vol. 2013), University textbook
* Watt, D. C. , Frank Spencer, Neville Brown. *A History of the World in the Twentieth Century* (1967)

### تاریخ‌های فراملی

* Adam, Thomas. *Intercultural Transfers and the Making of the Modern World, 1800–2000: Sources and Contexts* (2011)
* Boon, Marten. "Business Enterprise and Globalization: Towards a Transnational Business History." *Business History Review* 91.3 (2017): 511–535.
* Davies, Thomas Richard. *NGOs: A new history of transnational civil society* (2014).
* Ember, Carol R. Melvin Ember, and Ian A. Skoggard, eds. *Encyclopedia of diasporas: immigrant and refugee cultures around the world* (2004).
* Iriye, Akira. *Global and Transnational History: The Past, Present, and Future* (2010), 94pp
* Iriye, Akira and Pierre-Yves Saunier, eds. *The Palgrave Dictionary of Transnational History: From the mid-19th century to the present day* (2009); 1232pp; 400 entries by scholars.
* Osterhammel, Jürgen and Niels P. Petersson. *Globalization: A Short History* (2009)
* Pieke Frank N. , Nyíri Pál, Thunø Mette, and Ceddagno Antonella. *Transnational Chinese: Fujianese migrants in Europe* (2004)
* Saunier, Pierre-Yves. *Transnational History* (2013)

### اطلس‌ها

* Barraclough, Geoffrey, ed. *The Times Atlas of World History* (1979).
* Catchpole, Brian. *Map History of the Modern World* (1982)
* Darby, H. C. , and H. Fullard, eds. *The New Cambridge Modern History, Vol. 14: Atlas* (1970)
* Haywood, John. *Atlas of world history* (1997) online free
* Kinder, Hermann and Werner Hilgemann. *Anchor Atlas of World History* (2 vol. 1978); advanced analytical maps, mostly of Europe
* O'Brian, Patrick. *Atlas of World History* (2010). excerpt
* Rand McNally. *Historical atlas of the world* (1997) 
* Santon, Kate, and Liz McKay, eds. *Atlas of World History* (2005).

### تاریخ‌نگاری

* Adas, Michael. *Essays on Twentieth-Century History* (2010); historiographic essays on world history conceptualizing the "long" 20th century, from the 1870s to the early 2000s.
* Allardyce, Gilbert. "Toward world history: American historians and the coming of the world history course." *Journal of World History* 1.1 (1990): 23–76.
* Bentley, Jerry H. , ed. *The Oxford Handbook of World History* (Oxford University Press, 2011)
* Costello, Paul. *World Historians and Their Goals: Twentieth-Century Answers to Modernism* (1993).
* Curtin, Philip D. "Depth, Span, and Relevance," *The American Historical Review,* Vol. 89, No. 1 (Feb. , 1984), pp. 1–9 in JSTOR
* Dunn, Ross E. , ed. *The New World History: A Teacher's Companion.* (2000). 607pp. ISBN  online review
* Frye, Northrop. "Spengler Revisited" in *Northrop Frye on modern culture* (2003), pp 297–382, first published 1974; online
* Hare, J. Laurence, and Jack Wells. "Promising the World: Surveys, Curricula, and the Challenge of Global History," *History Teacher*, 48 (Feb. 2015) pp: 371–88. online
* Hughes-Warrington, Marnie. *Palgrave Advances in World Histories* (2005), 256pp, articles by scholars
* Lang, Michael. "Globalization and Global History in Toynbee," *Journal of World History* 22#4 Dec. 2011 pp. 747–783 in project MUSE
* McInnes, Neil. "The Great Doomsayer: Oswald Spengler Reconsidered." *National Interest* 1997 (48): 65–76. ISSN 0884-9382 Fulltext: Ebsco
* McNeill, William H. "The Changing Shape of World History." *History and Theory* 1995 34(2): 8–26. ISSN 0018-2656 in JSTOR
* Manning, Patrick. *Navigating World History: Historians Create a Global Past* (2003), an important guide to the entire field excerpt and text search; online review
* Mazlish, Bruce. "Comparing Global History to World History," *Journal of Interdisciplinary History,* Vol. 28, No. 3 (Winter, 1998), pp. 385–395 in JSTOR
* Moore, Robert I. "World history." in Michael Bentley, ed. , *Companion to historiography* (1997): 941–59.
* National Center for History in the Schools at UCLA. *World History: The Big Eras, A Compact History of Humankind* (2009), 96pp
* Neiberg, Michael S. *Warfare in World History* (2001) online edition
* Patel, Klaus Kiran: ''Transnational History'', European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History(2011) retrieved: November 11, 2011.
* Richards, Michael D. *Revolutions in World History* (2003) online edition
* Roupp, Heidi, ed. *Teaching World History: A Resource Book.* (1997), 274pp; online edition
* Sachsenmaier, Dominic, "Global Perspectives on Global History" (2011), Cambridge UP
* Smil, Vaclav. *Energy in World History* (1994) online edition
* Tellier, Luc-Normand. *Urban World History* (2009), PUQ, 650 pages; online edition
* Watts, Sheldon. *Disease and Medicine in World History* (2003) online edition

## پیوند به بیرون
; گروه‌های تخصصی و حرفه‌ای
* اتحادیه و انجمن تاریخ جهانی
* H- World لیست بحث‌های H-World
* CLIOH-WORLD CLIOH-WORLD: شبکه اروپایی اراسموس دربارهٔ تحقیق، آموزش و یادگیری تاریخ جهان

; منابع دانشگاهی

* Bridging World History texts and projects for advanced secondary course
** free database of over 1500 photos, documents, maps and images, ready for classroom use
* Student Handouts, Inc. Free World History Lesson Plans, Handouts, and Worksheets
* Our World In Data—Web publication by Max Roser (from the University of Oxford) that visualises how living standards around the world have changed historically. Makes data available and covers a wide range of topics: Historical trends in health, food provision, the growth and distribution of incomes, violence, rights, wars, energy use, education, environmental changes and many other aspects are empirically analysed and visualised in this open access web publication.
* World History Matters
* The TimeMap of World History - World History Atlas
* HistoryWorld
* World History For Us All – (Christian) World History Model Curriculum
* Erik Ringmar, History of International Relations Open Textbook Project, Cambridge: Open Book, forthcoming.
* EDSITEment's World History vetted websites and lesson plans EDSITEment, "The Best of the Humanities on the Web"
* Scottish Centre for Global History - Public history blog that shares ongoing world history research projects from around the world.

رده:تاریخ جهان
رده:تاریخ‌نگاری
رده:رشته‌های تاریخ
رده:معرفی‌شده‌های دهه ۱۹۸۰ (میلادی)
رده:معرفی‌شده‌های دهه ۱۹۶۰ (میلادی)
رده:نظریه‌های تاریخ