تفنگ‌های بیشتر، جرم کمتر

***تفنگ‌های بیشتر، جرم کمتر*** کتابی از جان لات است که می‌گوید نرخ جرایم خشونت‌آمیز وقتی ایالات حمل اسلحه در نهان، با اعطای مجوز را مجاز شمارند کاهش می‌یابد. او نتایج بررسی آماریش را بر هر شهرستان ایالات متحده در طول ۲۹ سال ارائه می‌دهد.

## مناقشه
### حمایت
از بین مقالاتی در کنفرانسی در مدرسه حقوق ییل در حمایت از کتاب لات:
* Bruce L. Benson, Florida State University, and Brent D. Mast, American Enterprise Institute, 'Privately Produced General Deterrence', *[[The Journal of Law and Economics]]*, October 2001
* Florenz Plassmann, State University of New York at Binghamton, and T. Nicolaus Tideman, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, "Does the right to carry concealed handguns deter countable crimes? Only a count analysis can say", *[[The Journal of Law and Economics]]*, October 2001
* Carlisle E. Moody, College of William and Mary, "Testing for the effects of concealed weapons laws: Specification errors and robustness," *[[The Journal of Law and Economics]]*, October 2001
* David E. Olson, Loyola University Chicago, and Michael D. Maltz, University of Illinois at Chicago, "Right-to-carry concealed weapons laws and homicide in large U.S. counties: the effect on weapon types, victim characteristics, and victim-offender relationships," *[[The Journal of Law and Economics]]*, October 2001. They found "a decrease in total homicides."
* David B. Mustard, University of Georgia, The Impact of Gun Laws on Police Deaths *[[The Journal of Law and Economics]]*, October 2001.
* T. B. Marvell, Justec Research, The Impact of Banning Juvenile Gun Possession *[[The Journal of Law and Economics]]*, October 2001. Marvell found evidence that right-to-carry laws reduced rape rates.
* John R. Lott, Jr and John Whitley, University of Adelaide, Safe-Storage Gun Laws: Accidental Deaths, Suicides, and Crime *[[The Journal of Law and Economics]]*, October 2001.

Other refereed empirical academic studies besides the original paper with David Mustard that have supported Lott's conclusions include the following.
* William Alan Bartley and Mark A. Cohen, Vanderbilt University, 'The Effect of Concealed Weapons Laws: An Extreme Bound Analysis', *Economic Inquiry*, 1998
* Florenz Plassmann, State University of New York at Binghamton, and John Whitley, University of Adelaide, 'Confirming "More Guns, Less Crime"', *Stanford Law Review*, 2003.
* Eric Helland, Claremont-McKenna College and Alexander Tabarrok, George Mason University, "Using Placebo Laws to Test 'More Guns, Less Crime'," *[[BEJEAP|The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy]]*, 2008.
* Carlisle E. Moody, College of William and Mary, and Thomas B. Marvell, Justec Research, 'The Debate on Shall-Issue Laws', *Econ Journal Watch*, 2008.
* Stephen G. Bronars, University of Texas, and John R. Lott, Jr. , Criminal Deterrence, Geographic Spillovers, and Right-to-Carry Concealed Handguns, American Economic Review, May 1998.
* John R. Lott, Jr, The Concealed-Handgun Debate *[[Journal of Legal Studies]]*, January 1998.
* John R. Lott, Jr and John Whitley, University of Adelaide, A Note on the Use of County-Level UCR Data *[[Journal of Quantitative Criminology]]*, October 2001.
* John R. Lott, Jr and John Whitley, University of Adelaide, ABORTION AND CRIME: UNWANTED CHILDREN AND OUT-OF-WEDLOCK BIRTHS *[[Economic Inquiry]]*, April 2007.

### مطالعات مخالف
مطالعاتی که خلاف لات استدلال می‌کنند:
* Ian Ayres, Yale Law School, and John Donohue, Stanford Law School, 'Shooting Down the More Guns, Less Crime Hypothesis'. *[[Stanford Law Review]]*, 2003.
* Jens Ludwig, Georgetown University, "Concealed-Gun-Carrying Laws and Violent Crime: Evidence from State Panel Data", published in *International Review of Law and Economics*, 1998.
* Dan Black and Daniel Nagin, "Do 'Right-to-Carry' Laws Deter Violent Crime?" *[[Journal of Legal Studies]]*, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. &nbsp;209–213 (January 1998).
* Mark Duggan, University of Chicago, "More Guns, More Crime," National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER Working Paper No. W7967, October 2000, later published in *[[Journal of Political Economy]]*.
* Tomislav V. Kovandzic and Thomas B. Marvell, "Right-To-Carry Concealed Firearms and Violent Crime: Crime Control Through Gun Decontrol?" *Criminology and Public Policy* 2, (2003) pages 363-396.
* John J. Donahue III, Stanford Law School, 'The Final Bullet in the Body of the More Guns, Less Crime Hypothesis', *Criminology and Public Policy*, 2003. This study did not present any empirical evidence.
* John Donohue and Ian Ayres. "More Guns, Less Crime Fails Again: The Latest Evidence from 1977–2006" Econ Journal Watch 6.2 (2009): 218-238.

## نسخه‌ها
سه نسخه از این کتاب وجود دارد که همه توسط انتشارات دانشگاه شیکاگو منتشر شده‌اند.
* First Edition, hardback, 1998, 236 pages, 
* Second Edition, paperback, 2000, 321 pages, 
* Third Edition, paperback, 2010, 472 pages, 

## منابع

## پیوند به بیرون
* http://www.johnlott.org/  - John Lott's website, with instructions for obtaining the raw data used in his studies.
* https://web.archive.org/web/20130112210846/http://islandia.law.yale.edu/ayers/Ayres_Donohue_article.pdf - Ayres and Donohue's analysis of Lott's work
* http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=372361 - Lott's response to the Ayres and Donohue article
* https://web.archive.org/web/20080414093523/http://teapot.usask.ca/cdn-firearms/Lott/lott.pdf - A paper relating to the work in this book.
* https://web.archive.org/web/20000817201131/http://www.time.com/time/community/transcripts/chattr070198.html - A debate transcript where Lott defends his work.

رده:آثار در مورد حمل سلاح در ایالات متحده آمریکا
رده:کتاب‌های ۱۹۹۸ (میلادی)
رده:کتاب‌های غیرداستانی ۱۹۹۸ (میلادی)
رده:کتاب‌های نشر دانشگاه شیکاگو