Elizabeth Riddle Graves

**Elizabeth Riddle Graves** (Nashville, AEB, 1916ko urtarrilaren 23a -  Albuquerque, 1972ko urtarrilaren 6a) AEBetako ikertzaile aitzindaria izan zen neutroien fisikan eta neutroi azkarren detekzio eta neurketan. Bigarren Mundu Gerran, Chicagoko Unibertsitateko Laborategi Metalurgikoan (Met Lab) eta Los Álamosko Laborategian lan egin zuen, eta han taldeko buru bihurtu zen gerra ostean.

## Biografia 
James Marion Riddleren alaba zen, jatorriz Hego Carolinakoa, eta Georgia Clymetra Boykinena, Arkansasekoa. Bi neba zituen, James Marion Riddle Jr. eta John Burwell Boykin Riddle. 1921 inguruan, Riddle familia Chicagora joan zen bizitzera, Illinoisera.

Riddle Chicagoko Unibertsitatean sartu zen, non "Diz" bezala ezagutzen zuten. 1936an Fisikan lizentziatu zen eta neutroien fisikan interes handia garatu zuen, neutroi azkarrak detektatu eta neurtzeari dagokionez bereziki. 1940an doktoregoa lortu zuen, "Energy Released from Be 9 (d, α) Li 7 and the Production of Li 7" tesia Samuel K. Allisonen begiradapean idatzi zuelarik.

Han egon zen bitartean, Alvin C. Gravesekin ezkondu zen. Alvin Chicagoko Unibertsitatean egon zen ikertzaile eta irakasle laguntzaile gisa 1939ra arte, Texasko Unibertsitatera joan zen arte, Minbiziak jota hil zen Albuquerqueko Bataan Memorial Hospital-ean, Mexiko Berrian,

## Argitalpen hautatuak 
### Patenteak 
* Behe-tentsioko 14 MeV-eko neutroi-iturria.

### Tesiak 
* Energy Released from Be 9 (d, α) Li 7 and the Production of Li 7. 1940.

### Argitalpen zientifikoak 
#### 1930-1940 
* Allison, Samuel K., Graves, Elizabeth R., Skaggs, Lester S., & Smith Jr., Nicholas M. (1939). *A Precise Measurement of the Mass Difference Be 9 4—Be 8 4; The Stability of Be 8 4.* Physical Review. 55(1): 107.
* Allison, S. K., Graves, E. R, & Skaggs, L. S. (1940). *Alpha-Particle Groups from the Disintegration of Beryllium by Deuterons*. Physical Review. 57(2): 158.
* Graves, A. C., Graves, E. R, Coon, J. H, & Manley, J.H. (1946ko urtarrila). *Cross Section of D (D, P) H-3 Reaction*. Physical Review. 70(1-2): 101.
* Manley, J. H, Coon, J. H., & Graves, E. R (1946ko urtarrila). *Cross Section of D (D, N) He-3 Reaction*. Physical Review. 70(1-2): 101.
* Graves, E. R, & Coon, J. H (1946ko urtarrila).  Disintegrations of Neon and Argon by dd Neutrons. Physical Review. 70(1-2): 101.
* Manley, J. H, Agnew, H. M, Barschall, H. H., Bright, W. C., Coon, J. H., Graves, E. R, Jorgensen, T. & Waldman, B. (1946). *Elastic Backscattering of d–d Neutrons.* Physical Review. 70(9-10): 602.
* Barschall, Henry Herman, Battat, M. E., Bright, W. C., Graves, E. R, Jorgensen, T., & Manley, J. H (1947). *Measurement of Transport and Inelastic Scattering Cross Sections for Fast Neutrons. II. Experimentala Results*. Physical Review. 72(10): 881.
* Graves, E. R (1949). *Mayer*. Physical Review. 76(1): 183.
* Graves, E. R, Rodrigues, A. A., Goldblatt, M., & Meyer, D. I. (1949). *Preparation and use of tritium and deuterium targets*.  Berrikusi scientific Instruments. 20(8): 579-582.am

#### 1950-1960 
* Coon, J. H, Graves, E. R, & Barschall, H. H. (1952). Total Cross Sections for 14-MeV Neutrons. Alamos Scientific Laboratory of the University of California.
* Graves, E. R, & Rosen, L. (1952ko urtarrila). *Energy Spectrum of Neutrons from the Interaction of 14-Mev Neutrons with C, Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Sn, Au, Pb, eta Bi.* Physical Review. 87(1): 239.
* Coon, J. H, Graves, E. R, & Barschall, H. H. (1952). Total Cross Sections for 14-Mev Neutrons. Physical Review. 88(3): 562.
* Phillips jn./and.Davis, R W, & Graves, E. R. (1952). *Inelastic Collision Cross Sections for 14-Mev Neutrons*. Physical Review. 88(3): 600.
* Forbes, S. G., Graves, E. R, & Little, R. Kop. (1953). *Low Voltage 14–Mev Neutron Source.* Berrikusi scientific Instruments. 24(6): 424-427.
* Graves, E. R, & Rosen, Louis. (1953). Distribution in Energy of the Neutrons from the Interaction of 14-MeV Neutrons with some Elements. Physical Review. 89(2): 343.
* Graves, E. R, & Davis, Roland W. (1955). Cross sections for nonelastic interactions of 14-Mev neutrons with various elements. Physical Review. 97(5): 1205.
* Battat, M. E., & Graves, E. R (1955). *Gamma Rays, 14-Mev Neutron Bombardment of C 12.* Physical Review. 97(5): 1266.
* McDole, C. J., Graves, E. R., & Davis, R. W. (1955). *Calibration of a Mock Fission Neutron Source by Indium Resonance Mapping of the Standard Graphite Pile (No. LA-1982*). Alamos Scientific Lab-ak., New Mexico.
* Seagrave, J. D., Graves, E. R., Hipwood, S. J., & McDole, C. J. (1958). *D (d, n) 3 He and T (d, n) 4 He Neutron Source Handbook.* Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Lams, 2162.
* Graves, E. R. (1963). *Howard Eberline Neutron Survey Instrument PNC-1 Evaluation and Recommendation for Use. (No. LA-2860).* Los Alamos Scientific Lab., New Mexico.
* Davis, R. W., & Graves, E. R. (1969). *The Radiation Instrument Calibration Facility at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. (No. LA—4090)*. Los Alamos Scientific Lab., New Mexico.
* Davis, R., & Graves, E. (1969). *The Radiation Instrument Calibration Facility at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory.* (Construction and calibration of radiation survey instruments).

## Erreferentziak 
## Kanpo estekak 
* Elizabeth Riddle Graves Atomic Heritage Foundation