Taldeko emakumezko aktore onenaren Oscar Saria

**Taldeko emakumezko aktore onenaren Oscar Saria** Estatu Batuetako Zinemako Arte eta Zientzien Akademiak taldeko emakumezko aktore bozkatuenari ematen dion saria da. Izendapenak aktoreek egiten dituzte, baina irabazleak akademiko guztien artean erabakitzen dira. Ondorengo zerrenda ekoizpen urtearen arabera da sailkatua. Hau da, 1999ko saridunak 2000n jaso zuen Oscar. Irabazleak lehenengoak agertzen dira, letra lodian.

## 1930 
* '*1936 Gale Sondergaard - *Anthony Adverse'''*
** Beulah Bondi - *The Gorgeous Hussy*
** Alice Brady - *My Man Godfrey*
** Bonita Granville - *These Three*
** Maria Ouspenskaya - *Dodsworth*

* *'1937 Alice Brady - *In Old Chicago*'*
** Andrea Leeds - *Stage Door*
** Anne Shirley - *Stella Dallas*
** Claire Trevor - *Dead End*
** May Whitty - *Night Must Fall*

* *'1938 Fay Bainter - *Jezebel*'*
** Beulah Bondi - *Of Human Hearts*
** Billie Burke - *Merrily We Live*
** Spring Byington - *You Can't Take It with You*
** Miliza Korjus - *The Great Waltz*

* *'1939 Hattie McDaniel - *Gone with the Wind*'*
** Olivia de Havilland - *Gone with the Wind*
** Geraldine Fitzgerald - *Wuthering Heights*
** Edna May Oliver - *Drums Along the Mohawk*
** Maria Ouspenskaya - *Love Affair*

## 1940 
* *'1940 Jane Darwell - *The Grapes of Wrath*'*
** Judith Anderson - *Rebecca*
** Ruth Hussey - *The Philadelphia Story''
** Barbara O'Neil - *All This and Heaven Too*
** Marjorie Rambeau - *Primrose Path*

* '*1941 Mary Astor - *The Great Lie'''*
** Sara Allgood - *How Green Was My Valley*
** Patricia Collinge - *The Little Foxes*
** Teresa Wright - *The Little Foxes*
** Margaret Wycherly - *Sergeant York*

* *'1942 Teresa Wright - *Mrs. Miniver*'*
** Gladys Cooper - *Now, Voyager*
** Agnes Moorehead - *The Magnificent Ambersons*
** Susan Peters - *Random Harvest*
** May Whitty - *Mrs. Miniver*

* *'1943 Katina Paxinou - *For Whom the Bell Tolls*'*
** Gladys Cooper - *The Song of Bernadette*
** Paulette Goddard - *So Proudly We Hail!*
** Anne Revere - *The Song of Bernadette*
** Lucile Watson - *Watch on the Rhine*

* *'1944 Ethel Barrymore - *None But the Lonely Heart*'*
** Jennifer Jones - *Since You Went Away*
** Angela Lansbury - *Gaslight*
** Aline MacMahon - *Dragon Seed*
** Agnes Moorehead - *Mrs. Parkington*

* *'1945 Anne Revere - *National Velvet*'*
** Eve Arden - *Mildred Pierce*
** Ann Blyth - *Mildred Pierce*
** Angela Lansbury - *The Picture of Dorian Gray*
** Joan Lorring - *The Corn Is Green*

* *'1946 Anne Baxter - ''The Razor's Edge'''*
** Ethel Barrymore - *The Spiral Staircase*
** Lillian Gish - *Duel in the Sun*
** Flora Robson - *Saratoga Trunk*
** Gale Sondergaard - *Anna and the King of Siam*

* *'1947 Celeste Holm - ''Gentleman's Agreement'''*
** Ethel Barrymore - *The Paradine Case*
** Gloria Grahame - *Crossfire*
** Marjorie Main - *The Egg and I*
** Anne Revere - *Gentleman's Agreement*

* *'1948 Claire Trevor - *Key Largo*'*
** Barbara Bel Geddes - *I Remember Mama*
** Ellen Corby - *I Remember Mama*
** Agnes Moorehead - *Johnny Belinda*
** Jean Simmons - *Hamlet*

* *'1949 Mercedes McCambridge - ''All the King's Men'''*
** Ethel Barrymore - *Pinky*
** Celeste Holm - *Come to the Stable*
** Elsa Lanchester - *Come to the Stable*
** Ethel Waters - *Pinky*

## 1950 
* *'1950 Josephine Hull - *Harvey*'*
** Hope Emerson - *Caged*
** Celeste Holm - *All About Eve*
** Nancy Olson - *Sunset Boulevard*
** Thelma Ritter - *All About Eve*

* *'1951 Kim Hunter - *A Streetcar Named Desire*'*
** Joan Blondell - *The Blue Veil*
** Mildred Dunnock - *Death of a Salesman*
** Lee Grant - *Detective Story*
** Thelma Ritter - *The Mating Season*

* *'1952 Gloria Grahame - *The Bad and the Beautiful*'*
** Jean Hagen - *Singin' in the Rain*
** Colette Marchand - *Moulin Rouge*
** Terry Moore - *Come Back, Little Sheba*
** Thelma Ritter - *With a Song in My Heart*

* *'1953 Donna Reed - *From Here to Eternity*'*
** Grace Kelly - *Mogambo*
** Geraldine Page - *Hondo*
** Marjorie Rambeau - *Torch Song*
** Thelma Ritter - *Pickup on South Street*

* *'1954 Eva Marie Saint - *On the Waterfront*'*
** Nina Foch - *Executive Suite*
** Katy Jurado - *Broken Lance*
** Jan Sterling - *The High and the Mighty*
** Claire Trevor - *The High and the Mighty*

* *'1955 Jo Van Fleet - *East of Eden*'*
** Betsy Blair - *Marty*
** Peggy Lee - *Pete Kelly's Blues*
** Marisa Pavan - *The Rose Tattoo*
** Natalie Wood - *Rebel Without a Cause*

* *'1956 Dorothy Malone - *Written on the Wind*'*
** Mildred Dunnock - *Baby Doll*
** Eileen Heckart - *The Bad Seed*
** Mercedes McCambridge - *Giant*
** Patty McCormack - *The Bad Seed*

* *'1957 Miyoshi Umeki - *Sayonara*'*
** Carolyn Jones - *The Bachelor Party*
** Elsa Lanchester - *Witness for the Prosecution*
** Hope Lange - *Peyton Place*
** Diane Varsi - *Peyton Place*

* *'1958 Wendy Hiller - *Separate Tables*'*
** Peggy Cass - *Auntie Mame*
** Martha Hyer - *Some Came Running*
** Maureen Stapleton - *Lonelyhearts*
** Cara Williams - *The Defiant Ones*

* *'1959 Shelley Winters - *The Diary of Anne Frank*'*
** Hermione Baddeley - *Room at the Top*
** Susan Kohner - *Imitation of Life*
** Juanita Moore - *Imitation of Life*
** Thelma Ritter - *Pillow Talk*

## 1960 
* *'1960 Shirley Jones - *Elmer Gantry*'*
** Glynis Johns - *The Sundowners*
** Shirley Knight - *Dark at the Top of the Stairs*
** Janet Leigh - *Psycho*
** Mary Ure - *Sons and Lovers*

* *'1961 Rita Moreno - *West Side Story*'*
** Fay Bainter - *The Children's Hour*
** Judy Garland - *Judgment at Nuremberg*
** Lotte Lenya - *The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone*
** Una Merkel - *Summer and Smoke*

* *'1962 Patty Duke - *The Miracle Worker*'*
** Mary Badham - *To Kill a Mockingbird*
** Shirley Knight - *Sweet Bird of Youth*
** Angela Lansbury - *The Manchurian Candidate*
** Thelma Ritter - *Birdman of Alcatraz*

* *'1963 Margaret Rutherford - *The V.I.P.s*'*
** Diane Cilento - *Tom Jones*
** Edith Evans - *Tom Jones*
** Joyce Redman - *Tom Jones*
** Lilia Skala - *Lilies of the Field*

* *'1964 Lila Kedrova - *Zorba the Greek*'*
** Gladys Cooper - *My Fair Lady*
** Dame Edith Evans - *The Chalk Garden*
** Grayson Hall - *The Night of the Iguana*
** Agnes Moorehead - *Hush... Hush, Sweet Charlotte*

* *'1965 Shelley Winters - *A Patch of Blue*'*
** Ruth Gordon - *Inside Daisy Clover*
** Joyce Redman - *Othello*
** Maggie Smith - *Othello*
** Peggy Wood - *The Sound of Music*

* *'1966 Sandy Dennis - ''Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?'''*
** Wendy Hiller - *A Man for All Seasons*
** Jocelyne LaGarde - *Hawaii*
** Vivien Merchant - *Alfie*
** Geraldine Page - *You're a Big Boy Now*

* *'1967 Estelle Parsons - *Bonnie and Clyde*'*
** Carol Channing - *Thoroughly Modern Millie*
** Mildred Natwick - *Barefoot in the Park*
** Beah Richards - *Guess Who's Coming to Dinner*
** Katharine Ross - *The Graduate*

* *'1968 Ruth Gordon - ''Rosemary's Baby'''*
** Lynn Carlin - *Faces*
** Sondra Locke - *The Heart is a Lonely Hunter*
** Kay Medford - *Funny Girl*
** Estelle Parsons - *Rachel, Rachel*

* *'1969 Goldie Hawn - *Cactus Flower*'*
** Catherine Burns - *Last Summer*
** Dyan Cannon - *Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice*
** Sylvia Miles - *Midnight Cowboy*
** Susannah York - *They Shoot Horses, Don't They*

## 1970 
* *'1970 Helen Hayes - *Airport*'*
** Karen Black - *Five Easy Pieces*
** Lee Grant - *The Landlord*
** Sally Kellerman - *M*A*S*H*
** Maureen Stapleton - *Airport*

* *'1971 Cloris Leachman - *The Last Picture Show*'*
** Ellen Burstyn - *The Last Picture Show*
** Barbara Harris - *Who Is Harry Kellerman and Why Is He Saying Those Terrible Things About Me?*
** Margaret Leighton - *The Go-Between*
** Ann-Margret - *Carnal Knowledge*

* *'1972 Eileen Heckart - *Butterflies Are Free*'*
** Jeannie Berlin - *The Heartbreak Kid*
** Geraldine Page - *Pete 'N' Tillie*
** Susan Tyrrell - *Fat City*
** Shelley Winters - *The Poseidon Adventure*

* *'1973 Tatum O'Neal - *Paper Moon*'*
** Linda Blair - *The Exorcist*
** Candy Clark - *American Graffiti*
** Madeline Kahn - *Paper Moon*
** Sylvia Sidney - *Summer Wishes, Winter Dreams*

* *'1974 Ingrid Bergman - *Murder on the Orient Express*'*
** Valentina Cortese - *La Nuit américaine*
** Madeline Kahn - *Blazing Saddles*
** Diane Ladd - *Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore*
** Talia Shire - *The Godfather Part II*

* *'1975 Lee Grant - *Shampoo*'*
** Ronee Blakley - *Nashville*
** Sylvia Miles - *Farewell, My Lovely*
** Lily Tomlin - *Nashville*
** Brenda Vaccaro - *Jacqueline Susann's Once Is Not Enough*

* *'1976 Beatrice Straight - *Network*'*
** Jane Alexander - *All the President's Men*
** Jodie Foster - *Taxi Driver*
** Lee Grant - *Voyage of the Damned*
** Piper Laurie - *Carrie*

* *'1977 Vanessa Redgrave - *Julia*'*
** Leslie Browne - *The Turning Point*
** Quinn Cummings - *The Goodbye Girl*
** Melinda Dillon - *Close Encounters of the Third Kind*
** Tuesday Weld - *Looking for Mr. Goodbar*

* *'1978 Maggie Smith - *California Suite*'*
** Dyan Cannon - *Heaven Can Wait*
** Penelope Milford - *Coming Home*
** Maureen Stapleton - *Interiors*
** Meryl Streep - *The Deer Hunter*

* *'1979 Meryl Streep - *Kramer vs. Kramer*'*
** Jane Alexander - *Kramer vs. Kramer*
** Barbara Barrie - *Breaking Away*
** Candice Bergen - *Starting Over*
** Mariel Hemingway - *Manhattan*

## 1980 
* *'1980 Mary Steenburgen - *Melvin and Howard*'*
** Eileen Brennan - *Private Benjamin*
** Eva Le Gallienne - *Resurrection*
** Cathy Moriarty - *Raging Bull*
** Diana Scarwid - *Inside Moves*

* *'1981 Maureen Stapleton - *Reds*'*
** Melinda Dillon - *Absence of Malice*
** Jane Fonda - *On Golden Pond*
** Joan Hackett - *Only When I Laugh*
** Elizabeth McGovern - *Ragtime*

* *'1982 Jessica Lange - *Tootsie*'*
** Glenn Close - *The World According to Garp*
** Teri Garr - *Tootsie*
** Kim Stanley - *Frances*
** Lesley Ann Warren - *Victor/Victoria*

* *'1983 Linda Hunt - *The Year of Living Dangerously*'*
** Cher - *Silkwood*
** Glenn Close - *The Big Chill*
** Amy Irving - *Yentl*
** Alfre Woodard - *Cross Creek*

* *'1984 Peggy Ashcroft - *A Passage to India*'*
** Glenn Close - *The Natural*
** Lindsay Crouse - *Places in the Heart*
** Christine Lahti - *Swing Shift*
** Geraldine Page - *The Pope of Greenwich Village*

* *'1985 Anjelica Huston - ''Prizzi's Honor'''*
** Margaret Avery - *The Color Purple*
** Amy Madigan - *Twice in a Lifetime*
** Meg Tilly - *Agnes of God*
** Oprah Winfrey - *The Color Purple*

* *'1986 Dianne Wiest - *Hannah and Her Sisters*'*
** Tess Harper - *Crimes of the Heart*
** Piper Laurie - *Children of a Lesser God*
** Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio - *The Color of Money*
** Maggie Smith - *A Room with a View*

* *'1987 Olympia Dukakis - *Moonstruck*'*
** Norma Aleandro - *Gaby-A True Story*
** Anne Archer - *Fatal Attraction*
** Anne Ramsey - *Throw Momma from the Train*
** Ann Sothern - *The Whales of August*

* *'1988 Geena Davis - *The Accidental Tourist*'*
** Frances McDormand - *Mississippi Burning*
** Michelle Pfeiffer - *Dangerous Liaisons*
** Joan Cusack - *Working Girl*
** Sigourney Weaver - *Working Girl*

* *'1989 Brenda Fricker - *My Left Foot*'*
** Anjelica Huston - *Enemies: A Love Story*
** Lena Olin - *Enemies: A Love Story*
** Dianne Wiest - *Parenthood*
** Julia Roberts - *Steel Magnolias*

## 1990 
* *'1990 Whoopi Goldberg - *Ghost*'*
** Mary McDonnell - *Dances with Wolves*
** Lorraine Bracco - *Goodfellas*
** Annette Bening - *The Grifters*
** Diane Ladd - *Wild at Heart*

* *'1991 Mercedes Ruehl - *The Fisher King*'*
** Juliette Lewis - *Cape Fear*
** Jessica Tandy - *Fried Green Tomatoes*
** Kate Nelligan - *The Prince of Tides*
** Diane Ladd - *Rambling Rose*

* *'1992 Marisa Tomei - *My Cousin Vinny*'*
** Joan Plowright - *Enchanted April*
** Miranda Richardson - *Damage*
** Vanessa Redgrave - *Howards End*
** Judy Davis - *Husbands and Wives*

* *'1993 Anna Paquin - *The Piano*'*
** Winona Ryder - *The Age of Innocence*
** Rosie Perez - *Fearless*
** Holly Hunter - *The Firm*
** Emma Thompson - *In the Name of the Father*

* *'1994 Dianne Wiest - *Bullets Over Broadway*'*
** Jennifer Tilly - *Bullets Over Broadway*
** Helen Mirren - *The Madness of King George*
** Uma Thurman - *Pulp Fiction*
** Rosemary Harris - *Tom and Viv*

* *'1995 Mira Sorvino - *Mighty Aphrodite*'*
** Kathleen Quinlan - * Apollo 13*
** Mare Winningham - *Georgia*
** Joan Allen - *Nixon*
** Kate Winslet - *Sense and Sensibility*

* *'1996 Juliette Binoche - *The English Patient*'*
** Joan Allen - *The Crucible*
** Lauren Bacall - *The Mirror Has Two Faces*
** Barbara Hershey - *The Portrait of a Lady*
** Marianne Jean-Baptiste - *Secrets and Lies*

* *'1997 Kim Basinger - *L.A. Confidential*'*
** Julianne Moore - *Boogie Nights*
** Minnie Driver - *Good Will Hunting*
** Joan Cusack - *In & Out*
** Gloria Stuart - *Titanic*

* *'1998 Judi Dench - *Shakespeare in Love*'*
** Lynn Redgrave - *Gods and Monsters*
** Rachel Griffiths - *Hilary and Jackie*
** Brenda Blethyn - *Little Voice*
** Kathy Bates - *Primary Colors*

* *'1999 Angelina Jolie - *Girl, Interrupted*'*
** Catherine Keener - *Being John Malkovich*
** Chloë Sevigny - *Boys Don't Cry*
** Toni Collette - *The Sixth Sense*
** Samantha Morton - *Sweet and Lowdown*

## 2000 
* *'2000 Marcia Gay Harden - *Pollock*'*
** Kate Hudson - *Almost Famous*
** Frances McDormand - *Almost Famous*
** Julie Walters - *Billy Elliot*
** Judi Dench - * Chocolat*

* *'2001 Jennifer Connelly - *A Beautiful Mind*'*
** Helen Mirren - *Gosford Park*
** Maggie Smith - *Gosford Park*
** Marisa Tomei - *In the Bedroom*
** Kate Winslet - *Iris*

* *'2002 Catherine Zeta-Jones - *Chicago*'*
** Kathy Bates - *About Schmidt*
** Meryl Streep - *Adaptation*
** Queen Latifah - *Chicago*
** Julianne Moore - *The Hours*

* *'2003 Renée Zellweger - *Cold Mountain*'*
** Shohreh Aghdashloo - *House of Sand and Fog*
** Patricia Clarkson - *Pieces of April*
** Marcia Gay Harden - *Mystic River*
** Holly Hunter - *Thirteen*

* *'2004 Cate Blanchett - *The Aviator*'*
** Laura Linney - *Kinsey*
** Virginia Madsen - *Sideways*
** Sophie Okonedo - *Hotel Rwanda*
** Natalie Portman - *Closer*

* *'2005 Rachel Weisz - *The Constant Gardener*'*
** Amy Adams - *Junebug*
** Catherine Keener - *Capote*
** Frances McDormand - *North Country*
** Michelle Williams - *Brokeback Mountain*

* *'2006 Jennifer Hudson - *Dreamgirls*'*
** Adriana Barraza - *Babel*
** Cate Blanchett - *Notes on a Scandal*
** Abigail Breslin - *Little Miss Sunshine*
** Rinko Kikuchi - *Babel*

* *'2007 Tilda Swinton - *Michael Clayton*'*
** Cate Blanchett - *I'm Not There*
** Ruby Dee - *American Gangster*
** Saoirse Ronan - *Atonement*
** Amy Ryan - *Gone Baby Gone*

* *'2008 Penélope Cruz - *Vicky Cristina Barcelona*'*
** Amy Adams - *Doubt*
** Viola Davis - *Doubt*
** Taraji P. Henson - *The Curious Case of Benjamin Button*
** Marisa Tomei - *The Wrestler*

* *'2009 Mo'Nique - *Precious: Based on the Novel Push by Sapphire*'*
** Penélope Cruz - *Nine*
** Vera Farmiga - *Up in the Air*
** Maggie Gyllenhaal - *Crazy Heart*
** Anna Kendrick - *Up in the Air*

## 2010 
* *'2010 Melissa Leo - *The Fighter*'*
** Amy Adams - *The Fighter*
** Helena Bonham Carter - *The King's Speech*
** Hailee Steinfeld - *True Grit*
** Jacki Weaver - * Animal Kingdom*

* *'2011 Octavia Spencer - *The Help*'*
** Bérénice Bejo - *The Artist*
** Jessica Chastain - *The Help*
** Melissa McCarthy - *Bridesmaids*
** Janet McTeer - *Albert Nobbs*

* *'2012 Anne Hathaway - *Les Misérables*'*
** Amy Adams - *The Master*
** Sally Field - *Lincoln*
** Helen Hunt - *The Sessions*
** Jacki Weaver - *Silver Linings Playbook*

* *'2013 Lupita Nyong'o - *12 Years a Slave*'*
** Sally Hawkins - *Blue Jasmine*
** Jennifer Lawrence - *American Hustle*
** Julia Roberts - *August: Osage County*
** June Squibb - *Nebraska*

* *'2014 Patricia Arquette – *Boyhood*'*
** Laura Dern – *Wild*
** Keira Knightley – *The Imitation Game*
** Emma Stone – *Birdman*
** Meryl Streep – *Into the Woods*

* *'2015 Alicia Vikander – *The Danish Girl*'*
** Jennifer Jason Leigh – *The Hateful Eight*
** Rooney Mara – *Carol*
** Rachel McAdams – *Spotlight*
** Kate Winslet – *Steve Jobs*

* *'2016 Viola Davis – *Fences*'*
** Naomie Harris – *Moonlight*
** Nicole Kidman – *Lion*
** Octavia Spencer – *Hidden Figures*
** Michelle Williams – *Manchester by the Sea*

* *'2017 Allison Janney – *I, Tonya*'*
** Mary J. Blige – *Mudbound*
** Lesley Manville – *Phantom Thread*
** Laurie Metcalf – *Lady Bird*
** Octavia Spencer – *The Shape of Water*

* *'2018 Regina King – *If Beale Street Could Talk*'*
** Amy Adams – *Vice*
** Marina de Tavira – *Roma*
** Emma Stone – *The Favourite*
** Rachel Weisz – *The Favourite*

* *'2019 Laura Dern&nbsp;– *Marriage Story*'*
** Kathy Bates&nbsp;– *Richard Jewell*
** Scarlett Johansson&nbsp;– *Jojo Rabbit*
** Florence Pugh&nbsp;– *Little Women*
** Margot Robbie&nbsp;– *Bombshell*

## 2020ko hamarkada 
* *'2020/21 Youn Yuh-jung&nbsp;– *Minari*'*
** Maria Bakalova&nbsp;– *Borat Subsequent Moviefilm*
** Glenn Close&nbsp;– *Hillbilly Elegy*
** Olivia Colman&nbsp;– *The Father*
** Amanda Seyfried&nbsp;– *Mank*

* *'2021 Ariana DeBose&nbsp;– *West Side Story*'*
** Jessie Buckley&nbsp;– *The Lost Daughter* 
** Judi Dench&nbsp;– *Belfast*
** Kirsten Dunst&nbsp;– *The Power of The Dog* 
** Aunjanue Ellis&nbsp;– *King Richard*

* *'2022 Jamie Lee Curtis&nbsp;– *Everything Everywhere All at Once*'*
** Angela Bassett&nbsp;– *Black Panther: Wakanda Forever* 
** Hong Chau&nbsp;– *The Whale* 
** Kerry Condon&nbsp;– *The Banshees of Inisherin* 
** Stephanie Hsu&nbsp;– *Everything Everywhere All at Once*

* *'2023 Da'Vine Joy Randolph&nbsp;– *The Holdovers*'*
** Emily Blunt&nbsp;– *Oppenheimer*
** Danielle Brooks&nbsp;– *The Color Purple*
** America Ferrera&nbsp;– *Barbie*
** Jodie Foster&nbsp;– *Nyad*

* *'2024 Zoe Saldaña&nbsp;– *Emilia Pérez*'*
** Monica Barbaro&nbsp;– *A Complete Unknown*
** Ariana Grande&nbsp;– *Wicked*
** Felicity Jones&nbsp;– *The Brutalist*
** Isabella Rossellini&nbsp;– *Conclave*

* *'2025 Amy Madigan&nbsp;– *Weapons*'*
** Elle Fanning&nbsp;– *Affeksjonsverdi*
** Inga Ibsdotter Lilleaas&nbsp;– *Sentimental Value*
** Wunmi Mosaku&nbsp;– *Sinners*
** Teyana Taylor&nbsp;– *One Battle After Another''

## Sari eta izendapen ugari dituzten aktoreak 
Hurrengo aktoreek behin baino gehiagotan irabazi dute Taldeko emakumezko aktore onenaren Oscar Saria:

Hurrengo aktoreek hiru izendapen edo gehiago jaso izan dituzte Taldeko emakumezko aktore onenaren Oscar Sarirako:

## Erreferentziak 
## Kanpo estekak