Mendebaldeko margolaritzaren historia

[thumb|250px|eskuinera|[Jan Vermeer, *Neska perlarekin.]]

**Mendebaldeko margolaritzaren historia** Antzinatean sortutako tradizio jarraitua da, etenak eten . XIX. mendearen erdialdera arte, irudikatzeko era eredu klasiko figuratiboari lotzen zitzaion, eta, handik aurrera, irudi modernoagoak, abstraktuak eta kontzeptualak nagusitu ziren.  Beste tokietako arteek (afrikarra, islamdarra, indiarra, txinatarra eta japoniarra) eragina izan dute Mendebaldeko margolaritzaren gainean, eta alderantziz ere bai.

Hastapenean erlijioaren, botere zibilen eta pertsonaia pribatuen babespean, geroago, margolaritzak aristokrazian eta klase ertainetan aurkitu zuen nori zuzendu. Erdi Aroa ezkero eta Pizkundean, margolariek Eliza eta aristokrazia aberatsa zituen bezero . Barrokoarekin batera, artistak hasi ziren klase ertain aberatsagoen enkarguak jasotzen . *Artea arte hutsagatik* delako ideia Erromantizismoan hasi zen zabaltzen, Francisco Goya, John Constable eta JMW Turner gisako margolariei esker . XIX. mendean arte galeriak sortu ziren, XX. mendean beharrezko babesa ematen zutenak.

Europako Pizkundean aurkikuntza ugari egin ziren margolaritzaren aldetik (perspektiba, esaterako), eta konplexutasuna garatu. Horren haritik, Mendebaldeak ondare aberatsa izan du, hurrengo mendeetan areago aberastu dena.

## Antzinako Aroa 

File:Maler der Grabkammer des Sennudem 001.jpg|*Sennedjem idi pare batekin lurra lantzen ari dela*, K. a. 1200 i.
Image:Ägyptischer Maler um 1360 v. Chr. 001.jpg|Antzinako Egipto,*Isis Jainkosa,* hormako pintura, K. a. 1360
Image:Maler der Grabkammer der Nefertari 004.jpg|Antzinako Egipto, *Nefertari erregina*
Image:egyptian papyrus.jpg|Antzinako Egipto, papiro bat
Image:The Pharaoh Tutankhamun destroying his enemies.jpg|Antzinako Egipto
Image:Egypt.Ra-Apep.01.jpg|Antzinako Egipto
Image:NAMA Sacrifice aux Charites.jpg|Pitsako panelak, Grezia Arkaikotik geratu den panel bakanetakoa, K. a. 540–530 i.
Image:Symposiumnorthwall.jpg|* Paestum hiriko hilobi baten irudia, K. a. 480 i. Greziako artea
Image:KnossosFrescoRepro06827.jpg|Knossos
Image:Pompejanischer Maler um 80 v. Chr. 001.jpg|Erromatar artea, Pompeii
File:Hercules-and-telephus.jpg|Erromatar artea
File:Boscoreale fresco woman kithara.jpg|Erromatar artea
Image:Pompeii Painter.jpg|Erromatar artea
Image:Pompejanischer Maler um 10 20 001.jpg|Erromatar artea
Image:Portrait du Fayoum 02.JPG|Erromatar artea
Image:Fayum02.jpg|Erromatar artea

## Erdi Aroa 

Image:CottonGenesisFragment26vAbrahamAndAngels.JPG|Cottongo Hasiera liburua *Abraham aingeruak topatuta* miniatura
Image:Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg|Bizantzioko ikonoa, VI. mendea
Image:Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna_003.jpg| Ravenako mosaiko bizantiarrak
Image:RabulaGospelsFol13vAscension.jpg|Bizantzioko artea, VI. mendea
Image:KellsFol292rIncipJohn.jpg|Kellseko liburua
Image:KellsFol032vChristEnthroned.jpg|Kellseko liburua
Image:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry Janvier.jpg|Limbourg anaiak
Image:Les_Très_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_juin.jpg|Limbourg anaiak
Image:Hastings book of the hours.jpg|Otoitz-orduen liburua
File:1099jerusalem.jpg|*Jerusalem atzemanda Lehen Gurutzadan*, 1099 i.
Image:MorganLeafVerso.jpg|*Morgan orria*, Winchesterko Bibliakoa, 1160–75. Daviden bizitzaren irudiak
Image:Yaroslavl gospel.jpg|Yaroslavlen ebanjelioak, 1220 i.
Image:Codexaureus 25.jpg|Karolingiar artea
Image:Ebbo Gospels St Mark.jpg| *San Marko karolingiarra*
Image:RossanoGospelsFolio121rStMark.jpg|Ebanjelari baten irudia
Image:Giottino pieta.jpg|Giottino
Image:Madonna dei denti.jpg|Vitale da Bologna
Image:Simone Martini 072.jpg|Simone Martini
File:Simone Martini - Blessed Agostino Novello Altarpiece - WGA21422.jpg|Simone Martini
Image:Cimabue 025.jpg|Cimabue
Image:Giotto Cruxifixion.jpg|Giotto
Image:Giotto - Scrovegni - -24- - Marriage at Cana.jpg|Giotto
File:Giotto - Scrovegni - -18- - Adoration of the Magi.jpg|Giotto
Image:Andrej Rublëv 001.jpg|Andrei Rublev
Image:Ascension from Vasilyevskiy chin (15th c., GTG).jpg|Andrei Rublev, Ikogundea, 1408
Image:Lorenzetti gov.jpg|Ambrogio Lorenzetti
Image:Lorenzetti Pietro Beata Umilta.jpg|Pietro Lorenzetti
Image:Duccio di Buoninsegna 036.jpg|Duccio
File:Bonaventura Berlinghieri Francesco.jpg|Bonaventura Berlinghieri, San Frantzisko Asiskoa, 1235
Image:Chora Church Constantinople 2007 011.jpg|Kora eliza
Image:Moscow Archangel Michael Cathedral overhead.jpg|Goiaingeruren katedrala
[[Rogier van der Weyden, (1435 i.)]]
[[Rogier van der Weyden, *San Ivo* (1450 i.)]]
Image:Voronet last judgment.jpg|Voronet monasterioa

## Pizkundea 

Image:Fra Angelico 037.jpg|Frai Angelico
Image:Madonna and Child (Filippo Lippi).jpg|Filippo Lippi
Image:Andrea Mantegna 036.jpg|Andrea Mantegna
Image:Masaccio-TheExpulsionOfAdamAndEveFromEden-Restoration.jpg|Masaccio *Adam eta Eva Paradisutik bidaliak,* zaharberritu aurretik eta zaharberritu ondotik
File:Paolo Uccello 047b.jpg|Paolo Uccello
Image:Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, from C2RMF retouched.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci
File:Raffaello Madonna Cowper.jpg|Rafael
Image:Creación de Adám.jpg|Michelangelo
File:Duerer01.jpg|Albrecht Dürer

Accademia - Pala di San Giobbe by Giovanni Bellini.jpg|Giovanni Bellini
Image:Titian - Self-portrait (Museo del Prado).jpg|Tiziano
Image:Sandro Botticelli - La nascita di Venere - Google Art Project - edited.jpg|Sandro Botticelli
Image:Leonardo da Vinci 002.jpg|Leonardo da Vinci
Image:Resurrection.JPG|Piero della Francesca
Giorgione, The tempest.jpg|Giorgione
Accademia - St Mark's Body Brought to Venice by Jacopo Tintoretto.jpg|Jacopo Tintoretto
Image:Van Eyck - Arnolfini Portrait.jpg|Jan van Eyck
File:Portrait of a Man by Jan van Eyck-small.jpg|Jan van Eyck
Image:Weyden Ivo.jpg|Roger van der Weyden
File:Robert Campin - L' Annonciation - 1425.jpg|Robert Campin
File:The Garden of Earthly Delights by Bosch High Resolution.jpg|Hieronymus Bosch
Image:Pieter Bruegel the Elder- The Corn Harvest (August).JPG|Pieter Bruegel
Image:Hans Holbein d. J. 065.jpg|Hans Holbein Gaztea
Image:El Greco View of Toledo.jpg|Grekoa

## Barroko eta Rokoko 

Image:Baco, por Caravaggio.jpg|Caravaggio
Image:GENTILESCHI Judith.jpg|Artemisia Gentileschi
Image:Frans Hals 008.jpg|Frans Hals
Image:Rubens_-_Judgement_of_Paris.jpg|Pieter Paul Rubens
File:Johannes Vermeer - The Astronomer - 1668.jpg|Jan Vermeer
Image:The_Nightwatch_by_Rembrandt.jpg|Rembrandt van Rijn
File:Las Meninas, by Diego Velázquez, from Prado in Google Earth.jpg|Diego Velázquez
Image:Poussin RapeSabineLouvre.jpg|Nicolas Poussin
Image:José de Ribera 054.jpg|Jusepe de Ribera
Image:Self-portrait_by_Salvator_Rosa.jpg|Salvator Rosa
Image:Claude Lorrain 008.jpg|Claude Lorrain
File:Charles I of England.jpg|Anthony van Dyck
Image:Giovanni Battista Tiepolo 007.jpg|Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
Image:WatteauPierrot.jpg|Antoine Watteau
Image:Fragonard, The Swing.jpg|Jean-Honoré Fragonard
Image:Marie-Louise O'Murphy (1737-1818) painted by Francois Boucher (1703–1770).jpg|François Boucher
Image:Self-portrait_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vigée-Lebrun.jpg|Élisabeth-Louise Vigée-Le Brun
Image:Maurice Quentin de La Tour - Madame de Pompadour dans son cabinet de travail.jpg|Maurice Quentin de La Tour
Image:Thomas Gainsborough - The Blue Boy (The Huntington Library, San Marino L. A.).jpg|Thomas Gainsborough
Image:Joshua Reynolds; Colonel Acland and Lord Sydney, 'The Archers', 1769.jpg|Joshua Reynolds
Image:Jean-Baptiste Siméon Chardin 029.jpg|Jean-Baptiste Siméon Chardin
Image:William Hogarth by William Hogarth.jpg|William Hogarth
Image:Francis Hayman - Reigen der Milchmädchen oder das Manifest.jpg|Francis Hayman
Image:Maria Karolina of Austria Family.jpg|Angelica Kauffmann

## XIX. mendea 

Image:David_-_The_Death_of_Socrates.jpg|Jacques-Louis David 1787
Image:Watsonandtheshark-original.jpg|John Singleton Copley, 1778
Image:Antoine-Jean Gros - Bonaparte visitant les pestiférés de Jaffa.jpg|Antoine-Jean Gros, 1804
Image:Le Bain Turc, by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, from C2RMF retouched.jpg|Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres 1862
Image:Constable DeadhamVale.jpg|John Constable 1802
Image:El Tres de Mayo, by Francisco de Goya, from Prado in Google Earth.jpg|Francisco Goya 1814
Image:JEAN LOUIS THÉODORE GÉRICAULT - La Balsa de la Medusa (Museo del Louvre, 1818-19).jpg|Théodore Géricault 1819
Image:Caspar_David_Friedrich_-_Mondaufgang_am_Meer_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|Caspar David Friedrich 1822 i.
Image:La Liberté guidant le peuple - Eugène Delacroix - Musée du Louvre Peintures RF 129 - après restauration 2024.jpg|Eugène Delacroix, 1830
Image:Turner,_J._M._W._-_The_Fighting_Téméraire_tugged_to_her_last_Berth_to_be_broken.jpg|J. M. W. Turner 1838
Image:Courbet Ornans.jpg|Gustave Courbet 1849–1850
Image:Jan Matejko, Stańczyk.jpg|Jan Matejko 1862
image:corot.villedavray.750pix.jpg|Camille Corot 1867 i.
Image:Bierstadt-storm-in-the-rocky-mountains-1886.jpg|Albert Bierstadt 1886
Image:Claude Monet, Impression, soleil levant.jpg|Claude Monet 1872
Image:Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Le Moulin de la Galette.jpg|Pierre-Auguste Renoir 1876
Image:Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 012.jpg|Edgar Degas 1876
Image:Edouard Manet 004.jpg|Édouard Manet 1882
Image:Aleksander Gierymski, Święto Trąbek I.jpg|Aleksander Gierymski 1884
Image:Vincent Willem van Gogh 128.jpg|Vincent van Gogh 1888
[[Vincent van Gogh 1889]]
Image:ChelmonskiJozef.1896.Burza.jpg|Józef Chełmoński 1896
Image:Woher kommen wir Wer sind wir Wohin gehen wir.jpg|Paul Gauguin 1897–1898
Image:Georges_Seurat_-_Un_dimanche_après-midi_à_l'Île_de_la_Grande_Jatte.jpg|Georges-Pierre Seurat 1884–1886
Image:Swimming hole.jpg|Thomas Eakins, 1884–1885
Image:Albert Pinkham Ryder 003.jpg|Albert Pinkham Ryder, 1890
Image:Winslow Homer 005.jpg|Winslow Homer 1899
Image:Wojtkiewicz Krucjata dziecieca.jpg|Witold Wojtkiewicz 1905
Image:Paul Cézanne 047.jpg|Paul Cézanne 1906

## Erreferentziak 
## Kanpo estekak