Tümokinoon

**Tümokinoon** on bioaktiivse toimega fütokemikaal, mida sisaldavad aed-mustköömne (*Nigella sativa*) seemned ja nendest valmistatud aed-mustköömne õlid ja aed-mustköömne ekstraktid.

## Sünonüümid
* *NSC 2228;Thymoquinon;THYMOQUINONE;thymolquinone;AURORA KA-6714;Thymoquinone,99%;p-Cymene-2,5-dione;TIMTEC-BB SBB008296;3,6-p-menthadiene-2,5-dione;P-MENTHA-3,6-DIENE-2,5-DIONE*.

## Farmakoloogilised uuringud

Tümokinoon toimib antioksüdandina.

Tümokinoon (*TQ*) toimib immuunsüsteemi – modulleerides põletikumediaatoreid.

Loomkatsetes toimib tümokinoon vähivastase ainena – selle toime täpseid molekulaarseid mehhanisme ei tunta.

Aed-mustköömne õli ja tümokinoon on osade *in vitro* vähirakuliinide uuringutes efektiivsed vere-, kopsu-, neeru-, maksa-, kõhunäärme-, eesnäärme-, emakakaela, soole- ja nahavähi korral.

*[[In vitro]]* katsed (2008) inimese kõhunäärme vähirakkude liiniga näitasid, et tümokinooni lisamine tappis ligi 80 protsenti vähirakkudest. Tümokinoon kutsus esile nende rakkude programmeeritud raku surma kasutades geene *[[p53]]*, *[[Bax]]*, *bcl-2* ja *p21*.

## Viited

## Kirjandus
* Gali-Muhtasib H, Diab-Assaf M, Boltze C, Al-Hmaira J, Hartig R, Roessner A, Schneider-Stock R., Thymoquinone extracted from black seed triggers apoptotic cell death in human colorectal cancer cells via a p53-dependent mechanism., Int J Oncol. oktoober 2004 ;25(4):857-66.
* Roepke M, Diestel A, Bajbouj K, Walluscheck D, Schonfeld P, Roessner A, Schneider-Stock R, Gali-Muhtasib H., Lack of p53 augments thymoquinone-induced apoptosis and caspase activation in human osteosarcoma cells., Cancer Biol Ther. veebruar 2007 ;6(2):160-9.
* Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Mohammad Eskandari ja Toktam Ziaee, Antitussive Effect of Thymoquinone, a Constituent of Nigella Sativa Seeds, in Guinea Pigs, Pharmacologyonline 2: 480-484 (2008)
* Keyhanmanesh R, Boskabady MH, Eslamizadeh MJ, Khamneh S, Ebrahimi MA., The effect of thymoquinone, the main constituent of Nigella sativa on tracheal responsiveness and white blood cell count in lung lavage of sensitized guinea pigs., Planta Med. 2010;76(3):218-22. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1186054, PMID 19711253
* Mobina Alemi, Farzaneh Sabouni, Forough Sanjarian, Kamahldin Haghbeen, ja Saeed Ansari,Anti-inflammatory Effect of Seeds and Callus of Nigella sativa L. Extracts on Mix Glial Cells with Regard to Their Thymoquinone Content, AAPS PharmSciTech. märts 2013; 14(1): 160–167., doi: 10.1208/s12249-012-9899-8, PMCID: PMC3581679

; Epilepsia
* Hosseinzadeh H, Parvardeh S, Nassiri-Asl M, Mansouri MT. Med Sci Monit. aprill 2005 ;11(4):BR106-10., Intracerebroventricular administration of thymoquinone, the major constituent of Nigella sativa seeds, suppresses epileptic seizures in rats., PMID 15795687 
* Akhondian J, Kianifar H, Raoofziaee M, Moayedpour A, Toosi MB, Khajedaluee M., The effect of thymoquinone on intractable pediatric seizures (pilot study)., Epilepsy Res. jaanuar 2011 ;93(1):39-43. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2010.10.010., PMID 21112742
* Damião P. de Sousa, Franklin F. F. Nóbrega. Camila C. M. P. Santos, Rubens B. Benedito, Ygor W. Vieira, Marciana P. Uliana, Timothy J. Brocksom, Reinaldo N. de Almeida, Anticonvulsant activity of thymoquinone and its structural analogues, Rev. bras. farmacogn. vol.21 no.3 Curitiba mai/juuni 2011, http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2011005000040
* H Zubair jt, Redox cycling of endogenous copper by thymoquinone leads to ROS-mediated DNA breakage and consequent cell death: putative anticancer mechanism of antioxidants, Cell Death and Disease (2013) 4, e660; doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.172, 6. juuni 2013