Dolikonikso

La **Dolikonikso** laŭ genro, aŭ Rizovora dolikonikso laŭ la specio, *Dolichonyx oryzivorus*, estas malgranda birdo de la familio de Ikteredoj kaj ununura membro de la genro *Dolichonyx*.

Plenkreskuloj estas 16–18&nbsp;cm longaj kun mallongaj fringecaj bekoj. Ili pezas ĉirkaŭ 28 g. Masklaj plenkreskuloj estas ĉefe **nigraj, kvankam ili montras kremokolorajn nukojn, kaj blankecajn flugilmakulojn, plej malsuprajn dorsojn kaj pugojn**. Inaj plenkreskuloj estas ĉefe helbrunaj, kvankam ties koloro inkludas nigran striecon en dorso kaj flankoj, kaj malhelajn striojn en kapo; ties flugiloj kaj vosto estas pli malhelaj. La kolektiva nomo por grupo de dolikoniksoj estas *ĉeno*.

Ties reproduktaj habitatoj estas malfermaj herbejoj, ĉefe de fojno, tra Nordameriko kaj ĉefe plej suda Kanado kaj norda duono de Usono escepte la okcidenta marbordo. En altakvalitaj habitatoj, maskloj estas ofte poliginaj. La ino demetas 5 al 6 ovojn en tasforma nesto, kiu estas ĉiam situa surgrunde kaj estas kutime bone kaŝita en densa vegetaĵaro. Ambaŭ gepatroj manĝigas la idojn.

Tiuj birdoj migras vintre al norda Argentino, Bolivio kaj Paragvajo, kaj eble ankaŭ al sudokcidenta Brazilo kaj perua marbordo. Unu birdo flugis 19,000&nbsp;km dum unu jaro, kaj ĝis 1,800&nbsp;km en unu tago.

:Evelina, won't ya ever take a shine to that moon?
:Evelina, ain't ya bothered by the bobolink's tune?

La Dolikonikso estas ankaŭ unu el multaj gravaj ornitologiaj referencoj de Vladimir Nabokov ekzemple en la poemo de John Shade nome "Pale Fire" en la samnoma novelo:

:But all at once it dawned on me that this
:Was the real point, the contrapuntal theme;
:Just this: not text, but texture; not the dream
:But topsy-turvical coincidence,
:Not flimsy nonsense, but a web of sense.
:Yes! It sufficed that I in life could find
:Some kind of link-and-bobolink, some kind
:Of correlated pattern in the game,
:Plexed artistry, and something of the same
:Pleasure in it as they who played it found.

## Notoj 
## Eksteraj referencoj
*  Malplej Zorgiga

## Eksteraj ligiloj 
* Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center: Dolikonikso 
* Laboratorio Cornell de Ornitologio - Dolikonikso
* The Nature Conservancy's Grassland Birds: Dolikonikso 
* Suddakotaj Birdoj – Dolikonikso, Informaro kaj Fotoj
* USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter - Dolikonikso 

## Plia legado 
### Libroj 
* Martin, S. G., and T. A. Gavin. 1995. *Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus)*. In *The Birds of North America*, No. 176 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.

### Tezoj 
* Bollinger EK. Ph.D. (1988). *Breeding dispersion and reproductive success of Bobolinks in an agricultural landscape*. Cornell University, United States—New York.
* Capp MS. Ph.D. (1991). *Experimental study of vocal communication in the bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus)*. University of Pittsburgh, United States—Pennsylvania.
* Du Bois JL. Ph.D. (1970). *LOW AND CIRCADIAN FREQUENCY MODULATION OF THE EEG POWER SPECTRUM IN DOLICHONYX ORYZIVORUS*. Northwestern University, United States—Illinois.
* Ferreri MT. M.A. (1994). *Somatotopic mapping of the bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) trigeminal system*. State University of New York College at Geneseo, United States—New York.
* Gifford CE. Ph.D. (1964). *BIOENERGETICS OF LIPID DEPOSITION IN THE BOBOLINK, DOLICHONYX ORYZIVORUS, A TRANS-EQUATORIAL MIGRANT*. University of Georgia, United States—Georgia.
* Johnson WC. Ph.D. (1994). *The extra-pair copulation/paternal care fitness tradeoff hypothesis in the mating system of the bobolink*. State University of New York at Albany, United States—New York.
* Martin SG. Ph.D. (1971). *POLYGYNY IN THE BOBOLINK: HABITAT QUALITY AND THE ADAPTIVE COMPLEX*. Oregon State University, United States—Oregon.
* Mather MH. M.Sc. (1990). *Honest advertisement in the flight display and song of the bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus*. Queen's University, Canada—Ontario.
* Nocera JJ. Ph.D. (2006). *The roles of behaviour and habitat features in breeding site selection by grassland birds*. University of New Brunswick, Canada—New Brunswick.
* Raim AJ. M.A. (1975). *TERRITORY AND MATING SYSTEM IN THE BOBOLINK, DOLICHONYX ORYZIVORUS*. Western Michigan University, United States—Michigan.
* Scheiman DM. Ph.D. (2005). *Dispersal rates, extinction risk, and metapopulation dynamics of Bobolinks*. Purdue University, United States—Indiana.
* Wheeler K. M.A. (1991). *Characterization of bobolink ethmoidal iron deposits and their association with nervous tissue*. State University of New York College at Geneseo, United States—New York.
* Wittenberger JF. Ph.D. (1976). *HABITAT SELECTION AND THE EVOLUTION OF POLYGYNY IN BOBOLINKS (DOLICHONYX ORYZIVORUS)*. University of California, Davis, United States—California.
* Woods JL. Ph.D. (1994). *Song sharing, song dialects and reproductive success in bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus)*. University of Michigan, United States—Michigan.

### Artikoloj 
* Ammer FK & Capp MS. (1999). *Song versatility and social context in the Bobolink*. Condor. vol **101**, no 3. p.&nbsp;686-688.
* Avery M & Oring LW. (1977). *SONG DIALECTS IN BOBOLINK (DOLICHONYX-ORYZIVORUS)*. Condor. vol **79**, no 1. p.&nbsp;113-118.
* Bakker A, Withrow K & Thompson NS. (1983). *Levels of Organization in the Song of the Bobolink Dolichonyx-Oryzivorus Icteridae Dolichonyginae*. Zeitschrift fuer Tierpsychologie. vol **62**, no 2. p.&nbsp;105-114.
* Beason RC. (1987). *Interaction of Visual and Non-Visual Cues During Migratory Orientation by the Bobolink Dolichonyx-Oryzivorus*. Journal fuer Ornithologie. vol **128**, no 3. p.&nbsp;318-324.
* Beason RC. (1989). *USE OF AN INCLINATION COMPASS DURING MIGRATORY ORIENTATION BY THE BOBOLINK (DOLICHONYX-ORYZIVORUS)*. Ethology. vol **81**, no 4. p.&nbsp;291-299.
* Beason RC. (1992). *You Can Get There from Here Responses to Simulated Magnetic Equator Crossing by the Bobolink Dolichonyx-Oryzivorus*. Ethology. vol **91**, no 1. p.&nbsp;75-80.
* Beason RC & Brennan WJ. (1986). *Natural and Induced Magnetization in the Bobolink Dolichonyx-Oryzivorus Aves Icteridae*. Journal of Experimental Biology. vol **125**, p.&nbsp;49-56.
* Beason RC, Dussourd N, Deutschlander ME & Augonis CA. (1993). *Use of a particle-based magnetoreceptor by the bobolink*. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts. vol **19**, no 1-3.
* Beason RC & Loew ER. (2000). *Characterization of the retinal photoreceptors of a transequatorial avian migrant: the bobolink*. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts. vol **26**, no 1-2.
* Beason RC & Semm P. (1987). *Magnetic Responses of the Trigeminal Nerve System of the Bobolink Dolichonyx-Oryzivorus*. Neuroscience Letters. vol **80**, no 2. p.&nbsp;229-234.
* Beason RC & Semm P. (1991). *Sensitivity to Small Magnetic Variations in the Trigeminal System of the Bobolink*. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts. vol **17**, no 1-2.
* Beason RC & Trout LL. (1984). *Cooperative Breeding in the Bobolink Dolichonyx-Oryzivorus*. Wilson Bulletin. vol **96**, no 4. p.&nbsp;709-710.
* Bollinger EK, Bollinger PB & Gavin TA. (1990). *Effects of Hay-Cropping on Eastern Populations of the Bobolink*. Wildlife Society Bulletin. vol **18**, no 2. p.&nbsp;142-150.
* Bollinger EK & Gavin TA. (1992). *Eastern Bobolink Populations Ecology and Conservation in an Agricultural Landscape*. In *Hagan, J M Iii and D W Johnston (Ed) Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Migrant Landbirds; Symposium, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA, December 6-9, 1989 Xiii+609p Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington, DC, USA; London, England, Uk Illus Maps 497-506, 1992*.
* Bollinger EK & Gavin TA. (2004). *Responses of nesting bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) to habitat edges*. Auk. vol **121**, no 3. p.&nbsp;767-776.
* Bollinger EK, Gavin TA, Hibbard CJ & Wootton T. (1986). *Two Male Bobolinks Dolichonyx-Oryzivorus Feed Young at the Same Nest*. Wilson Bulletin. vol **98**, no 1. p.&nbsp;154-156.
* Bollinger EK, Gavin TA & McIntyre DC. (1988). *Comparison of Transects and Circular-Plots for Estimating Bobolink Densities*. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol **52**, no 4. p.&nbsp;777-786.
* Brockwell S. (2004). *Absence of the Bobolink*. Antigonish Rev. no 137. p.&nbsp;38-38.
* Capp MS. (1992). *Tests of the Function of the Song Repertoire in Bobolinks*. The Condor. vol **94**, no 2. p.&nbsp;468.
* Capp MS & Searcy WA. (1991). *An Experimental Study of Song Type Function in the Bobolink Dolichonyx-Oryzivorus*. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology. vol **28**, no 3. p.&nbsp;179-186.
* Fletcher RJ, Jr. & Koford RR. (2003). *Spatial responses of Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) near different types of edges in northern Iowa*. Auk. vol **120**, no 3. p.&nbsp;799-810.
* Gavin TA. (1984). *Broodedness in Bobolinks Dolichonyx-Oryzivorus*. Auk. vol **101**, no 1. p.&nbsp;179-181.
* Gavin TA & Bollinger EK. (1985). *Multiple Paternity in a Territorial Passerine the Bobolink Dolichonyx-Oryzivorus*. Auk. vol **102**, no 3. p.&nbsp;550-555.
* Gavin TA & Bollinger EK. (1988). *Reproductive Correlates of Breeding-Site Fidelity in Bobolinks Dolichonyx-Oryzivorus*. Ecology. vol **69**, no 1. p.&nbsp;96-103.
* Herkert JR. (1997). *Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus population decline in agricultural landscapes in the midwestern USA*. Biological Conservation. vol **80**, no 1. p.&nbsp;107-112.
* Holman DJ. (1977). *BOBOLINK IN ISLES OF SCILLY*. British Birds. vol **70**, no 5. p.&nbsp;223-224.
* Howell TR. (1975). *BANK SWALLOW (RIPARIA-RIPARIA), BOBOLINK (DOLICHONYX-ORYZIVORUS), AND OTHER BIRDS AT A DESERT RESERVOIR IN CHILE*. Condor. vol **77**, no 1. p.&nbsp;105-106.
* Martin SG. (1974). *ADAPTATIONS FOR POLYGYNOUS BREEDING IN BOBOLINK, DOLICHONYX-ORYZIVORUS*. Am Zool. vol **14**, no 1. p.&nbsp;109-119.
* Mather MH & Robertson RJ. (1992). *Honest advertisement in flight displays of bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus)*. Auk. vol **109**, no 4. p.&nbsp;869-873.
* McCracken JD. (2005). ''Where the Bobolinks Roam: The Plight of North America's Grassland Birds''. Biodiversity. vol **6**, no 3. p.&nbsp;20.
* Moskwik MP & O'Connell MA. (2006). *Male and female reproductive strategies in the polygynous bobolink*. Northwest Science. vol **80**, no 2. p.&nbsp;108-115.
* Nocera JJ, GJ Forbes & GR Milton. LAURA FALCO AND CHRIS DELAWRENCE FOREVR <3. (2007). *Habitat relationships of three grassland breeding bird species: broad-scale comparisons and hayfield management implications*. Avian Conservation and Ecology. vol **2**, no 1. article 7. View article at: http://www.ace-eco.org/vol2/iss1/art7/
* Nocera JJ, GJ Forbes & L-A Giraldeau. (2006). *Inadvertent social information in breeding site selection of natal dispersing birds*. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B. vol **273**, p.&nbsp;349-355.
* Nocera JJ, GJ Parsons, GR Milton & AH Fredeen. 2005. *Compatibility of delayed cutting regime with bird breeding and hay nutritional quality*. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. vol **107**, p.&nbsp;245-253.
* Nocera JJ (2005). *A method to improve age determination of male Bobolinks in alternate plumage*. North American Bird Bander. vol **30**, p.&nbsp;1-5.
* Pettingill OS. (1983). *WINTER OF THE BOBOLINK*. Audubon. vol **85**, no 1. p.&nbsp;102-&.
* Renfrew, R.B. and A.M. Saavedra. (2007). *Ecology and Conservation of Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) in rice production regions of Bolivia*. Ornitologia Neotropical. vol. **18**, p.&nbsp;61-73.
* Semm P & Beason RC. (1990). *Responses to Small Magnetic Variations by the Trigeminal System of the Bobolink*. Brain Research Bulletin. vol **25**, no 5. p.&nbsp;735-740.
* Trainer JM & Peltz BS. (1996). *Song repertoire of the bobolink: A reassessment*. Ethology. vol **102**, no 1. p.&nbsp;50-62.
* Walsh TA. (1977). *BOBOLINK IN SHETLAND*. British Birds. vol **70**, no 5. p.&nbsp;222-223.
* Wittenberger JF. (1978). *The Breeding Biology of an Isolated Bobolink Population in Oregon USA*. Condor. vol **80**, no 4. p.&nbsp;355-371.
* Wittenberger JF. (1980). *Feeding of Secondary Nestlings by Polygynous Male Bobolinks Dolichonyx-Oryzivorus in Oregon USA*. Wilson Bulletin. vol **92**, no 3. p.&nbsp;330-340.
* Wittenberger JF. (1980). *Vegetation Structure Food Supply and Polygyny in Bobolinks Dolichonyx-Oryzivorus*. Ecology. vol **61**, no 1. p.&nbsp;140-150.
* Wittenberger JF. (1982). *Factors Affecting How Male and Female Bobolinks Dolichonyx-Oryzivorus Apportion Parental Investments*. Condor. vol **84**, no 1. p.&nbsp;22-39.
* Wittenberger JF. (1983). *A Contextual Analysis of 2 Song Variants in the Bobolink Dolichonyx-Oryzivorus*. Condor. vol **85**, no 2. p.&nbsp;172-184.
* Wootton JT & Bollinger EK. (1992). *Bobolink polygyny in a homogeneous habitat: A test of the asynchronous settlement model*. American Naturalist. vol **140**, no 6. p.&nbsp;1050-1057.

Kategorio:Paseroformaj
Kategorio:Ikteredoj
Kategorio:Birdoj de Ameriko