Flavpuga parulio

Kvar proksime rilataj birdoformoj de Nordameriko — la orienta Mirtoparulio (ssp *coronata*), ties okcidenta ekvivalento, Aŭdubona parulio (ssp grupo *auduboni*), la de Nordokcidenta Meksiko Nigrafrunta parulio (ssp *nigrifrons*), kaj la de Gvatemalo Goldmana parulio (ssp *goldmani*)— estas kutime arigitaj kiel specio **Flavpuga parulio** (*Dendroica coronata*).

## Klasifikado 
Ekde 1973, la American Ornithological Union decidis arigi tiujn paserinajn birdojn kiel ununura specio. La Mirta kaj Aŭdubona formoj estis ŝajne separataj pro glaciaĵo dum la lasta glaciepoko, kaj disvolvigis distingajn fizikajn karakterojn. Kiam oni montris tamen ke ili povas interreproduktiĝi, ne estis plu konsiderataj kiel separataj specioj. La du mezamerikaj subspecioj, nome *goldmani* kaj *nigrifrons* estas loĝantaj birdoj kaj diverĝis el la norda migranta subspecio en la Plejstoceno, kaj tiele probable reprezentas separatajn speciojn.

## Distribuado 
La Flavpuga parulio reproduktiĝas el orienta Nordameriko okcidenten al la Pacifiko, kaj suden el tie al Okcidenta Meksiko. Flavpuga parulio de "Goldman" estas endemia de altaj teroj de Gvatemalo. Ĝi estas migranta birdo kiu veturas al Centrameriko kaj Karibio por vintrumado. Inter paruliedoj ĝi estas unu el la lastaj elirantaj el Nordameriko aŭtune, kaj inter la unuaj kiuj revenas. Ĝi estas eventuala vaganto en la Brita Insularo kaj Islando.

## Aspekto 
Someraj maskloj de ambaŭ formoj havas **striecajn dorsojn** je nigro super ardezblueca fono (nigraj plumoj kun helaj bordoj), blankajn flugilmakulojn, striecajn brustojn, kaj rimarkindajn **flavajn makulojn en krono, flankoj kaj pugo**, el kiuj la lasta ege kontrastas kun la senkolora fono kaj nomigas la specion, dum la latina scienca nomo aludas al la makulo en krono, malpli rimarkinda. La Flavpuga parulio de Aŭdubono montras ankaŭ flavan makulon en gorĝo, dum la Mirta parulio havas blankajn gorĝon kaj okulstrion, kaj tre kontrastan nigran vangomakulon. Inoj de ambaŭ formoj estas pli senkoloraj, kun brunstriecaj frunto kaj dorso, sed havas ankaŭ rimarkindajn flavajn pugojn. La Goldmana parulio de Gvatemalo similas al tiu Aŭdubona sed havas blankan suban bordon en la flava gorĝo kaj krome pli malhelan plumaron; maskloj anstataŭas la ardezbluecon de Aŭdubona al nigro.

## Kutimoj 
Tiuj birdoj estas ĉefe insektovoraj, kvankam cimoj malabundas, la Mirta parulio manĝas ankaŭ la berojn de mirikomirto el kio ricevas sian nomon. Ili ofte ekflugetas, kvazaŭ muŝkaptuledoj, for el siaj ripozejoj per mallongaj akrobatecaj ekflugeroj serĉe de insektoj.

Ili nestumas en koniferaj kaj miksitaj arbaroj. La ino demetas 4-5 ovojn en tasforma nesto.

La Flavpuga parulio havas trilecan kanton de 4-7 silaboj (*tiŭ-tiŭ-tiŭ-tiŭ, tiŭ-tiŭ-tiŭ*) kaj eventuale notalvokon *ĉek* aŭ *ĉip*.

## Bildaro 

Dosiero:Myrtle Warbler - Cambridge, MA 2007.jpg|Montrante nigran vangon
Dosiero:Myrtle Warbler-27527.jpg
Dosiero:Dendroica_coronata.jpg|Leŭka individuo
Dosiero:Myrtle Warbler - Port Aransas, TX.jpg|Montrante flavegan pugon

## Referencoj 
## Literaturo 
*  Malplej Zorgiga.
* 

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* Hunt, P. D., and D. J. Flaspohler. 1998. *Yellow-rumped Warbler (Dendroica coronata)*. In *The Birds of North America*, No. 376 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.

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## Eksteraj ligiloj 
* Flavpuga parulio, Speciinformaro – Laboratorio Cornell de Ornitologio
* Flavpuga parulio, Informaro kaj Fotoj - Suddakotaj Birdoj kaj Birdumo
* Flavpuga parulio - *Dendroica coronata''  - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
* Bildo

Kategorio:Paseroformaj
Kategorio:Paruliedoj
Kategorio:Birdoj de Ameriko