Bludorsa parulio

eta|Hembra y macho. Dibujo de Louis Agassiz Fuertes.
La **Bludorsa parulio** aŭ Nigragorĝa parulio, *Dendroica caerulescens*, estas birdospecio de la familio de Paruliedoj kaj granda genro *Dendroica*.

## Aspekto 
Masklaj plenkreskuloj havas **blankajn subajn partojn kun nigraj gorĝo, vizaĝo kaj flankoj**; la **supraj partoj estas tre malhelbluaj**; inter nigraj flankoj kaj bluaj supraj partoj videblas la du blankaj flugilmakuloj. Nematuraj maskloj estas similaj kun supraj partoj pli verdecaj. Inoj havas olivecbrunajn suprajn partojn kaj helflavajn subajn partojn kun pli malhelaj flugiloj kaj vosto, griza krono kaj bruna makulo en vango. Ĉiuj birdoj havas du malgrandajn blankajn flugilmakulojn (en ŝultro kaj meze de flugilplumoj) kiuj ne ĉiam estas videblaj, kaj fajnan pintakran bekon. Kiel multaj parulioj, tiu birdo havas koloran plumaron dum printempo kaj somero, sed ties aŭtuna plumaro estas senkolora kaj malpli distinga. Aŭtune ĝi povas esti ankoraŭ identigita el aliaj similaj parulioj pro siaj malgrandaj blankaj flugilmakuloj.

## Kutimaro 
Ili reproduktigas en interno de deciduaj kaj miksitaj arbaroj en orienta Nordameriko. Ties nestoj estas malfermaj tasformoj situaj en dikaj arbustoj. La proksimeco de ties nestoj al grundo permesas ke la Bludorsa parulio estas favorata specio por la studo de la kutimoj de parulioj en naturo.

Tiuj nearktisaj birdoj migras al insuloj de Karibio kaj Centrameriko. Ili defendas sian teritorion kontraŭ aliaj birdoj de la sama specio kaj pro la nestumado kaj pro la vintra habitato. La Bludorsa parulio estas tre rara vaganto al Okcidenta Eŭropo.

Tiuj birdoj manĝas aktive en malalta vegetaĵaro, foje ŝvebe foje kaptante insektojn dumfluge. Bludorsaj parulioj ofte manĝas en unu areo kaj tuj moviĝas al la venonta. Tiuj birdoj manĝas ĉefe insektojn, inklude raŭpojn kaj tipuledojn kaj araneojn. Semoj, beroj kaj fruktoj povas esti aldonata al ties dietoj en vintro.

La kanto de tiu birdo estas zuma *zii-zii-ziii* kun suprena evoluo. La alvoko estas ebena *ctuk*.

Ĉar tiu birdo postulas grandajn kaj seninterrompitajn arbarajn areojn por nestumado, ties nombroj malpliiĝas.

## Referencoj
*  Malplej Zorgiga.

## Eksteraj ligiloj 
* Bludorsa parulio, Informaro - Suddakotaj Birdoj kaj Birdumo
* Bludorsa parulio - *Dendroica caerulescens*  - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
* Bludorsa parulio, Speciinformaro – Laboratorio Cornell de Ornitologio
* Poŝtmarkoj
* Filmetoj de Bludorsa parulio ĉe Internet Bird Collection

## Plia legado 
### Libroj 
* Holmes, R.T., N. L. Rodenhouse and T. S. Sillett. (2005). *Black-throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica caerulescens)*. In *The Birds of North America Online* (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology

### Tezoj 
* Black CP. Ph.D. (1976). *THE ECOLOGY AND BIOENERGETICS OF THE NORTHERN BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER (DENDROICA CAERULESCENS CAERULESCENS)*. Dartmouth College, United States, New Hampshire.

* Bourque J. M.Sc. (1999). ''Coupe progressive et exploitation forestiere a l'echelle du paysage: Influence relative sur la productivite de deux passereaux forestiers*. Universite de Moncton (Canada), Canada.

* Bowen LT. Ph.D. (2004). *Seasonal relationships between birds and arthropods in bottomland forest canopy gaps*. North Carolina State University, United States, North Carolina.

* Chmielewski A. M.S. (1992). *The effects of right-of-way construction through forest interior habitat on bird and small mammal populations and rates of nest predation*. State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, United States, New York.

* Chuang HC. Ph.D. (1999). *Extra-pair fertilizations and parental care in the black-throated blue warbler (Dendroica caerulescens): Patterns and consequences of behavior*. State University of New York at Buffalo, United States, New York.

* Darveau M. Ph.D. (1992). *Impacts du deperissement des Erablieres sur trois especes d'oiseaux insectivores nicheurs*. Universite Laval (Canada), Canada.

* Doran PJ. Ph.D. (2004). *Intraspecific spatial variation in bird abundance: Patterns and processes*. Dartmouth College, United States, New Hampshire.

* Hall KR. Ph.D. (2002). *An assessment of habitat quality of heavily- and less-browsed Michigan forests for a shrub-nesting songbird*. University of Michigan, United States, Michigan.

* Hamady MA. Ph.D. (2000). *An ecosystem approach to assessing the effects of forest heterogeneity and disturbance on birds of the northern hardwood forest in Michigan's Upper Peninsula*. Michigan State University, United States, Michigan.

* Harris RJ. Ph.D. (2001). *The effects of fragmentation by forestry on behavior, movement, and reproductive success of black-throated blue warblers (Dendroica caerulescens)*. Tufts University, United States, Massachusetts.

* Haskell DG. Ph.D. (1996). *The effect of predation on the evolution of begging behavior in nestling wood warblers*. Cornell University, United States, New York.

* McKinley PS. Ph.D. (2004). *Tree species selection and use by foraging insectivorous passerines in a forest landscape*. University of New Brunswick (Canada), Canada.

* Nagy LR. Ph.D. (2002). *Causes and consequences of individual variation in reproductive output in a forest-dwelling neotropical migrant songbird*. Dartmouth College, United States, New Hampshire.

* Paterson RLJ. Ph.D. (1981). *CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NESTING HABITAT OF THE BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER*. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States, Virginia.

* Rodenhouse NL. Ph.D. (1986). *FOOD LIMITATION FOR FOREST PASSERINES: EFFECTS OF NATURAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FOOD REDUCTIONS (WARBLER, PREDATION, NEW HAMPSHIRE)*. Dartmouth College, United States, New Hampshire.

* Sillett TS. Ph.D. (2001). *Long-term demographic trends, population limitation, and the regulation of abundance in a migratory songbird*. Dartmouth College, United States, New Hampshire.

* Steele BB. Ph.D. (1989). *Habitat selection by breeding black-throated blue warblers: Different patterns at two spatial scales and the use of habitat for foraging and nesting*. Dartmouth College, United States, New Hampshire.

* Wallace GE. Ph.D. (1998). *Demography of Cuban bird communities in the nonbreeding season: Effects of forest type, resources, and hurricane*. University of Missouri - Columbia, United States, Missouri.

* Weeks KC. M.S. (2001). *The foraging and nesting ecology of black-throated blue warbler (Dendroica caerulescens) and hooded warbler (Wilsonia citrina) in the southern Appalachians*. North Carolina State University, United States, North Carolina.

* Whelan CJ. Ph.D. (1987). *Effects of foliage structure on the foraging behavior of insectivorous forest birds*. Dartmouth College, United States, New Hampshire.

### Artikoloj 
* Anders AD & Marshall MR. (2005). *Increasing the accuracy of productivity and survival estimates in assessing landbird population status*. Conservation Biology. vol **19**, no 1. p. 66-74.

* Bayne EM & Hobson KA. (2001). *Effects of habitat fragmentation on pairing success of ovenbirds: Importance of male age and floater behavior*. Auk. vol **118**, no 2. p. 380-388.

* Bayne EM & Hobson KA. (2002). *Apparent survival of male ovenbirds in fragmented and forested boreal landscapes*. Ecology. vol **83**, no 5. p. 1307-1316.

* Bearhop S, Hilton GM, Votier SC & Waldron S. (2004). *Stable isotope ratios indicate that body condition in migrating passerines is influenced by winter habitat*. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B. p. 4) S215-S218, May 217, 2004.

* Belisle M, Desrochers A & Fortin M-J. (2001). *Influence of forest cover on the movements of forest birds: A homing experiment*. Ecology. vol **82**, no 7. p. 1893-1904.

* Betts MG, Hadley AS & Doran PJ. (2005). *Avian mobbing response is restricted by territory boundaries: Experimental evidence from two species of forest warblers*. Ethology. vol **111**, no 9. p. 821-835.

* Betts MG, Zitske BP, Hadley AS & Diamond AW. (2006). *Migrant forest songbirds undertake breeding dispersal following timber harvest*. Northeastern Naturalist. vol **13**, no 4. p. 531-536.

* Blum JD, Taliaferro EH & Holmes RT. (2001). *Determining the sources of calcium for migratory songbirds using stable strontium isotopes*. Oecologia. vol **126**, no 4. p. 569-574.

* Bourque J & Villard M-A. (2001). *Effects of selection cutting and landscape-scale harvesting on the reproductive success of two Neotropical migrant bird species*. Conservation Biology. vol **15**, no 1. p. 184-195.

* Burke D & Nol E. (2001). *Age ratios and return rates of adult male Ovenbirds in contiguous and fragmented forests*. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol **72**, no 3. p. 433-438.

* Chamberlain CP, Blum JD, Holmes RT, Feng XH, Sherry TW & Graves GR. (1997). *The use of isotope tracers for identifying populations of migratory birds*. Oecologia. vol **109**, no 1. p. 132-141.

* Chuang HC, Webster MS & Holmes RT. (1999). *Extrapair paternity and local synchrony in the Black-throated Blue Warbler*. Auk. vol **116**, no 3. p. 726-736.

* Chuang-Dobbs HC, Webster MS & Holmes RT. (2001). *The effectiveness of mate guarding by male black-throated blue warblers*. Behavioral Ecology. vol **12**, no 5. p. 541-546.

* Chuang-Dobbs HC, Webster MS & Holmes RT. (2001). *Paternity and parental care in the black-throated blue warbler, Dendroica caerulescens*. Animal Behaviour. vol **62**, no 1. p. 83-92.

* Darveau M, DesGranges JL & Gauthier G. (1992). *Habitat Use by Three Breeding Insectivorous Birds in Declining Maple Forests*. The Condor. vol **94**, no 1. p. 72.

* Davidson G & Van Damme L. (1986). *First British Columbia Canada Record of the Black-Throated Blue Warbler Dendroica-Caerulescens*. Canadian Field Naturalist. vol **9**, no 3. p. 104-105.

* Davidson G & Vandamme L. (1987). *1ST BRITISH-COLUMBIA RECORD OF THE BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER, DENDROICA-CAERULESCENS*. Can Field-Nat. vol **101**, no 1. p. 104-105.

* Davis LA, Roalson EH, Cornell KL, McClanahan KD & Webster MS. (2006). *Genetic divergence and migration patterns in a North American passerine bird: implications for evolution and conservation*. Molecular Ecology. vol **15**, no 8. p. 2141-2152.

* Dettmers R, Buehler DA & Franzreb KE. (2002). *Testing habitat-relationship models for forest birds of the southeastern United States*. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol **66**, no 2. p. 417-424.

* Diamond AW, Lack P & Smith RW. (1977). *Weights and Fat Condition of Some Migrant Warblers in Jamaica*. Wilson Bulletin. vol **89**, no 3. p. 456-465.

* Doran PJ, Gulezian PZ & Betts MG. (2005). *A test of the mobbing playback method for estimating bird reproductive success*. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol **76**, no 3. p. 227-233.

* Doran PJ & Holmes RT. (2005). *Habitat occupancy patterns of a forest dwelling songbird: causes and consequences*. Canadian Journal of Zoology. vol **83**, no 10. p. 1297-1305.

* Fallon SM, Fleischer RC & Graves GR. (2006). *Malarial parasites as geographical markers in migratory birds?*. Biol Lett. vol **2**, no 2. p. 213-216.

* Flaspohler DJ, Temple SA & Rosenfield RN. (2001). *Effects of forest edges on Ovenbird demography in a managed forest landscape*. Conservation Biology. vol **15**, no 1. p. 173-183.

* Girard C, Darveau M, Savard J-PL & Huot J. (2004). *Are temperate mixedwood forests perceived by birds as a distinct forest type?*. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. vol **34**, no 9. p. 1895-1907.

* Goodbred CO & Holmes RT. (1996). *Factors affecting food provisioning of nestling Black-throated Blue Warblers*. Wilson Bulletin. vol **108**, no 3. p. 467-479.

* Graves GR. (1997). *Age determination of free-living male black-throated blue warblers during the breeding season*. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol **68**, no 3. p. 443-449.

* Graves GR. (1997). *Geographic clines of age ratios of black-throated blue warblers (Dendroica caerulescens)*. Ecology. vol **78**, no 8. p. 2524-2531.

* Graves GR. (2004). *Testicular volume and asymmetry are age-dependent in black-throated blue warblers (Dendroica caerulescens)*. Auk. vol **121**, no 2. p. 473-485.

* Graves GR, Patten MA & Dunn JL. (1996). *Comments on a probable gynandromorphic Black-throated Blue Warbler*. Wilson Bulletin. vol **108**, no 1. p. 178-180.

* Graves GR, Romanek CS & Navarro AR. (2002). *Stable isotope signature of philopatry and dispersal in a migratory songbird*. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. vol **99**, no 12. p. 8096-8100.

* Groffman PM, Driscoll CT, Likens GE, Fahey TJ, Holmes RT, Eagar C & Aber JD. (2004). *Nor gloom of night: A new conceptual model for the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study*. Bioscience. vol **54**, no 2. p. 139-148.

* Gunn JS, Desrochers A, Villard M-A, Bourque J & Ibarzabal J. (2000). *Playbacks of mobbing calls of Black-capped Chickadees as a method to estimate reproductive activity of forest birds*. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol **71**, no 3. p. 472-483.

* Hall KR. (2002). *Geographic boundary analysis of black-throated blue warbler territory distributions in heavily- and less-browsed northern forests*. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting Abstracts. vol **87**, no 149.

* Harris RJ & Reed JM. (2001). *Territorial movements of Black-throated Blue Warblers in a landscape fragmented by forestry*. Auk. vol **118**, no 2. p. 544-549.

* Harris RJ & Reed JM. (2002). *Effects of forest-clearcut edges on a forest-breeding songbird*. Canadian Journal of Zoology. vol **80**, no 6. p. 1026-1037.

* Haskell DG. (1999). *The effect of predation on begging-call evolution in nestling wood warblers*. Animal Behaviour. vol **57**, no 4. p. 893-901.

* Herbert J & Nollenberger EL. (2006). *Population trends in six bird species: Black-throated Blue Warbler; Pileated Woodpecker; Grey Catbird; Wood Thrush; Eastern Towhee; and Golden-crowned, Kinglet; in a 5 hectare oak-hickory woodlot in southcentral Pennsylvania*. Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science. vol **79**, p. 110-111.

* Holmes RT. (1994). *Black-throated blue warbler (Dendroica caerulescens)*. Birds of North America. vol **0**, no 87. p. 1-22.

* Holmes RT, Black CP & Sherry TW. (1979). *Comparative Population Bio Energetics of 3 Insectivorous Passerines in a Deciduous Forest*. Condor. vol **81**, no 1. p. 9-20.

* Holmes RT, Marra PP & Sherry TW. (1996). *Habitat-specific demography of breeding black-throated blue warblers (Dendroica caerulescens): Implications for population dynamics*. Journal of Animal Ecology. vol **65**, no 2. p. 183-195.

* Holmes RT & Sherry TW. (1988). *Assessing Population Trends of New Hampshire USA Forest Birds Local Vs. Regional Patterns*. Auk. vol **105**, no 4. p. 756-768.

* Holmes RT & Sherry TW. (2001). *Thirty-year bird population trends in an unfragmented temperate deciduous forest: Importance of habitat change*. Auk. vol **118**, no 3. p. 589-609.

* Holmes RT, Sherry TW, Marra PP & Petit KE. (1992). *Multiple Brooding and Productivity of a Neotropical Migrant the Black-Throated Blue Warbler Dendroica-Caerulescens in an Unfragmented Temperate Forest*. Auk. vol **109**, no 2. p. 321-333.

* Holmes RT, Sherry TW & Reitsma L. (1989). *Population Structure Territoriality and Overwinter Survival of Two Migrant Warbler Species in Jamaica*. Condor. vol **91**, no 3. p. 545-561.

* Holmes SB & Pitt DG. (2007). *Response of bird communities to selection harvesting in a northern tolerant hardwood forest*. Forest Ecology & Management. vol **238**, no 1-3. p. 280-292.

* Holway DA. (1991). *Nest-Site Selection and the Importance of Nest Concealment in the Black-Throated Blue Warbler*. Condor. vol **93**, no 3. p. 575-581.

* Jobes AP, Nol E & Voigt DR. (2004). *Effects of selection cutting on bird communities in contiguous eastern hardwood forests*. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol **68**, no 1. p. 51-60.

* Johnson MD, Ruthrauff DR, Jones JG, Tietz JR & Robinson JK. (2002). *Short-term effects of tartar emetic on re-sighting rates of migratory songbirds in the non-breeding season*. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol **73**, no 2. p. 191-196.

* Jones J, Doran PJ, Nagy LR & Holmes RT. (2005). *Relationship between Mayfield nest-survival estimates and seasonal fecundity: A cautionary note*. Auk. vol **122**, no 1. p. 306-312.

* Joyce EM, Sillett TS & Holmes RT. (2001). *An inexpensive method for quantifying incubation patterns of open-cup nesting birds, with data for Black-throated Blue Warblers*. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol **72**, no 3. p. 369-379.

* Kearns LJ, Silverman ED & Hall KR. (2006). *Black-throated Blue Warbler and Veery abundance in relation to understory composition in northern Michigan forests*. Wilson J Ornithol. vol **118**, no 4. p. 461-470.

* Latta SC, Gamper HA & Tietz JR. (2001). *Revising the convergence hypothesis of avian use of honeydew: Evidence from Dominican subtropical dry forest*. Oikos. vol **93**, no 2. p. 250-259.

* Lloyd-Evans TL & Atwood JL. (2004). *32 years of changes in passerine numbers during spring and fall migrations in coastal Massachusetts*. Wilson Bulletin. vol **116**, no 1. p. 1-16.

* Marra PP. (1993). *Reverse mounting in the black-throated blue warbler*. The Wilson Bulletin. vol **105**, no 2. p. 359.

* Marra PP & Holmes RT. (1997). *Avian removal experiments: Do they test for habitat saturation or female availability?*. Ecology. vol **78**, no 3. p. 947-952.

* Morse SF & Robinson SK. (1999). *Nesting success of a neotropical migrant in a multiple-use, forested landscape*. Conservation Biology. vol **13**, no 2. p. 327-337.

* Murphy MT, Pierce A, Shoen J, Murphy KL, Campbell JA & Hamilton DA. (2001). *Population structure and habitat use by overwintering neotropical migrants on a remote oceanic island*. Biological Conservation. vol **102**, no 3. p. 333-345.

* Nagy LR & Holmes RT. (2004). *Factors influencing fecundity in migratory songbirds: is nest predation the most important?*. Journal of Avian Biology. vol **35**, no 6. p. 487-491.

* Nagy LR & Holmes RT. (2005). *Food limits annual fecundity of a migratory songbird: An experimental study*. Ecology. vol **86**, no 3. p. 675-681.

* Nagy LR & Holmes RT. (2005). *To double-brood or not? Individual variation in the reproductive effort in Black-Throated Blue Warblers (Dendroica caerulescens)*. Auk. vol **122**, no 3. p. 902-914.

* Ortega YK, McKelvey KS & Six DL. (2006). *Invasion of an exotic forb impacts reproductive success and site fidelity of a migratory songbird*. Oecologia. vol **149**, no 2. p. 340-351.

* Patten MA. (1993). *A probable bilateral gynandromorphic Black-throated Blue Warbler*. The Wilson Bulletin. vol **105**, no 4. p. 695.

* Petit KE, Dixon MD & Holmes RT. (1988). *A Case of Polygyny in the Black-Throated Blue Warbler*. Wilson Bulletin. vol **100**, no 1. p. 132-134.

* Porneluzi PA & Faaborg J. (1999). *Season-long fecundity, survival, and viability of Ovenbirds in fragmented and unfragmented landscapes*. Conservation Biology. vol **13**, no 5. p. 1151-1161.

* Pranty B, Boyd JH, III & Radamaker K. (2003). *Recent winter records of the Black-throated Blue Warbler in Florida*. Florida Field Naturalist. vol **31**, no 1. p. 4-5.

* Reid W. (1992). *Black-throated blue warbler Dendroica caerulescens*. Brauning, D. vol **W**, p. Atlas of breeding birds in Pennsylvania.

* Rimmer CC & McFarland KP. (2000). *Migrant stopover and postfledging dispersal at a montane forest site in Vermont*. Wilson Bulletin. vol **112**, no 1. p. 124-136.

* Robinson SK & Holmes RT. (1984). *Effects of Plant Species and Foliage Structure on the Foraging Behavior of Forest Birds*. Auk. vol **101**, no 4. p. 672-684.

* Rodenhouse NI. (1992). *Potential Effects of Climatic Change on a Neotropical Migrant Landbird*. Conservation Biology. vol **6**, no 2. p. 263-272.

* Rodenhouse NL & Holmes RT. (1992). *Results of Experimental and Natural Food Reductions for Breeding Black-Throated Blue Warblers*. Ecology. vol **73**, no 1. p. 357.

* Rodenhouse NL, Sillett TS, Doran PJ & Holmes RT. (2003). *Multiple density-dependence mechanisms regulate a migratory bird population during the breeding season*. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B. vol **270**, no 1529. p. 2105-2110.

* Rogers CM. (2006). *Nesting success and breeding biology of Cerulean Warblers in Michigan*. Wilson J Ornithol. vol **118**, no 2. p. 145-151.

* Royle JA & Rubenstein DR. (2004). *The role of species abundance in determining breeding origins of migratory birds with stable isotopes*. Ecological Applications. vol **14**, no 6. p. 1780-1788.

* Schmidt KA & Whelan C. (1999). *The relative impacts of nest predation and brood. Parasitism on seasonal fecundity in songbirds*. Conservation Biology. vol **13**, no 1. p. 46-57.

* Serrano D & Tella JL. (2007). *The role of despotism and heritability in determining settlement patterns in the colonial lesser kestrel*. Am Nat. vol **169**, no 2. p. E53-E67.

* Sherry TW & Holmes RT. (1996). *Winter habitat quality, population limitation, and conservation of neotropical nearctic migrant birds*. Ecology. vol **77**, no 1. p. 36-48.

* Sillett TS & Holmes RT. (2002). *Variation in survivorship of a migratory songbird throughout its annual cycle*. Journal of Animal Ecology. vol **71**, no 2. p. 296-308.

* Sillett TS, Holmes RT & Sherry TW. (2000). *Impacts of a global climate cycle on population dynamics of a migratory songbird*. Science. vol **288**, no 5473. p. 2040-2042.

* Sillett TS, Rodenhouse NL & Holmes RT. (2004). *Experimentally reducing neighbor density affects reproduction and behavior of a migratory songbird*. Ecology. vol **85**, no 9. p. 2467-2477.

* Sliwa A & Sherry TW. (1992). *Surveying wintering warbler populations in Jamaica: Point counts with and without broadcast vocalization*. Condor. vol **94**, no 4. p. 924-936.

* Sloan SS, Holmes RT & Sherry TW. (1998). *Depredation rates and predators at artificial bird nests in an unfragmented northern hardwoods forest*. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol **62**, no 2. p. 529-539.

* Smith SB, Webster MS & Holmes RT. (2005). *The heterozygosity theory of extra-pair mate choice in birds: a test and a cautionary note*. Journal of Avian Biology. vol **36**, no 2. p. 146-154.

* Steele BB. (1992). *Habitat Selection by Breeding Black-Throated Blue Warblers at Two Spatial Scales*. Ornis Scandinavica. vol **23**, no 1. p. 33-42.

* Steele BB. (1993). *Selection of foraging and nesting sites by Black-throated Blue Warblers: Their relative influence on habitat choice*. The Condor. vol **95**, no 3. p. 568.

* Steffen G. (1987). *Black-Throated Blue Warbler in Gregory County South Dakota USA*. South Dakota Bird Notes. vol **39**, no 3.

* Stewart PA. (1986). *Fall Migration of Twelve Species of Wood Warblers through Coastal Virginia USA*. North American Bird Bander. vol **11**, no 3. p. 83-88.

* St-Louis V, Fortin M-J & Desrochers A. (2004). *Spatial association between forest heterogeneity and breeding territory boundaries of two forest songbirds*. Landscape Ecology. vol **19**, no 6. p. 591-601.

* Taliaferro EH, Holmes RT & Blum JD. (2001). *Eggshell characteristics and calcium demands of a migratory songbird breeding in two New England forests*. Wilson Bulletin. vol **113**, no 1. p. 94-100.

* Tarvin KA. (2006). *Polymorphic microsatellite loci from the American goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) and their cross-amplification in a variety of passerine species*. Molecular Ecology Notes. vol **6**, no 2. p. 470-472.

* Trine CL. (1998). *Wood thrush population sinks and implications for the scale of regional conservation strategies*. Conservation Biology. vol **12**, no 3. p. 576-585.

* VanderWerf EA. (2004). *Demography of Hawai'i 'Elepaio: Variation with habitat disturbance and population density*. Ecology. vol **85**, no 3. p. 770-783.

* Venier LA, McKenney DW, Wang Y & McKee J. (1999). *Models of large-scale breeding-bird distribution as a function of macro-climate in Ontario, Canada*. Journal of Biogeography. vol **26**, no 2. p. 315-328.

* Webster MS, Chuang-Dobbs HC & Holmes RT. (2001). *Microsatellite identification of extrapair sires in a socially monogamous warbler*. Behavioral Ecology. vol **12**, no 4. p. 439-446.

* Whelan CJ. (1989). *Avian foliage structure preferences for foraging and the effect of prey biomass*. Animal Behaviour. vol **38**, no 5. p. 839.

* Whelan CJ. (1989). *An Experimental Test of Prey Distribution Learning in Two Paruline Warblers*. Condor. vol **91**, no 1. p. 113-119.

* Whelan CJ. (2001). *Foliage structure influences foraging of insectivorous forest birds: An experimental study*. Ecology. vol **82**, no 1. p. 219-231.

* Whitaker J, Cristol D & Forsyth M. (2003). *Plumage as a microhabitat for keratinolytic bacilli*. Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology. vol **103**, no 219.

* Wunderle JM, Jr. (1995). *Population characteristics of black-throated blue warblers wintering in three sites on Puerto Rico*. The Auk. vol **112**, no 4. p. 931.

* Wunderle JM, Jr. & Latta SC. (2000). *Winter site fidelity of Nearctic migrants in shade coffee plantations of different sizes in the Dominican Republic''. Auk. vol **117**, no 3. p. 596-614.

Kategorio:Paseroformaj
Kategorio:Paruliedoj
Kategorio:Nearktisa faŭno
Kategorio:Birdoj de Ameriko