Ρούντολφ Κάρναπ

Ο **Ρούντολφ Κάρναπ** (*Rudolf Carnap*, 18 Μαΐου 1891 – 14 Σεπτεμβρίου 1970) ήταν γερμανόφωνος φιλόσοφος που δραστηριοποιήθηκε στην Ευρώπη πριν από το 1935 και στη συνέχεια στις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες. Υπήρξε σημαντικό μέλος του *Κύκλου της Βιέννης* και υπέρμαχος του *λογικού θετικισμού*.

## Βασική εργογραφία
* 1918a [2019], “Völkerbund—Staatenbund”, *Politische Rundbriefe*, 1: 4 and 4: 15–16. Translated into English in Carnap 2019: 3–10. [Carnap 1918 available online] (Scholar)
* 1918b, “Deutschlands Niederlage: Sinnloses Schicksal oder Schuld?” (typed), 29 October 1918, Archives of Scientific Philosophy, Hillman Library, University of Pittsburgh, Carnap Papers [089-72-04].
* 1919, *Politischer Rundbrief* of 1 April 1919. Recommendation of G. Landauer’s book *Revolution und Sozialismus*, p.124. Archives of Scientific Philosophy, Hillman Library, University of Pittsburgh, Carnap Papers [110-01-28]. (Scholar)
* 1922a [2019], *Der Raum: Ein Beitrag zur Wissenschaftslehre*, Kant-Studien Ergänzungshefte, Nr. 56, Berlin: Reuther & Reichard. Translated into English in Carnap 2019: 21–208.
* 1922b, Three positions papers on: (a) Beziehungslehre und Strukturlehre; (b) Ansätze zur Charakterisierung von Strukturen (with Bernhard Merten); (c) Aufbau der Wirklichkeit (Strukturtheorie des Erkenntnisgegenstandes) (carbons); late 1922. Archives of Scientific Philosophy, Hillman Library, University of Pittsburgh, Carnap Papers [091-17-12]. (Scholar)
* 1923 [2019], “Über die Aufgabe der Physik und die Anwendung des Grundsatzes der Einfachstheit”, *Kant-Studien*, 28: 90–107. Translated into English in Carnap 2019: 209–46. (Scholar)
* 1924 [2019], “Dreidimensionalität des Raumes und Kausalität: Eine Untersuchung über den logischen Zusammenhang zweier Fiktionen”, *Annalen der Philosophie und philosophischen Kritik*, 4: 105–30. Translated into English in Carnap 2019: 247–298. (Scholar)
* 1925a, “Gedanken zum Kategorienproblem. Prolegomena zu einer Konstitutionstheorie (Vortrag Wien)” (shorthand), 21 January 1925. Archives of Scientific Philosophy, Hillman Library, University of Pittsburgh, Carnap Papers [081-05-03]. (Scholar)
* 1925b, “Entwurf einer Konstitutionstheorie der Erkenntnisgegenstände” (typed), first sketch, 17 December 1924; this version typed, 28 January 1925. Archives of Scientific Philosophy, Hillman Library, University of Pittsburgh, Carnap Papers [081-05-02]. (Scholar)
* 1926 [2019], *Physikalische Begriffsbildung*, Karlsruhe: Braun. Translated into English as *Physical Concept Formation* in Carnap 2019: 339–440.
* 1927, “Eigentliche und uneigentliche Begriffe”, *Symposion*, 1: 355–374. (Scholar)
* [*Aufbau*] 1928a [1967], *Der logische Aufbau der Welt*, Berlin: Weltkreis. Second edition, Hamburg: Meiner, 1961. Translated into English as *The Logical Structure of the World*, Rolf A. George (trans.), Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1967. (Scholar)
* 1928b, *Scheinprobleme in der Philosophie*, Berlin: Weltkreis.
* 1929, *Abriß der Logistik, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Relationstheorie und ihrer Anwendungen*, Vienna: Springer.
* 1930a, “Die alte und die neue Logik”, *Erkenntnis*, 1: 12–26. doi:10.1007/bf00208606 (Scholar)
* 1930b, “[Review of] Felix Kaufmann, *Das Unendliche in der Mathematik und seine Ausschaltung*”, *Deutsche Literaturzeitung*, 51: cols. 1674–1678. (Scholar)
* 1930c, “Bericht über Untersuchungen zur allgemeinen Axiomatik”, *Erkenntnis*, 1: 303–307. doi:10.1007/bf00208622 (Scholar)
* 1930d, “Review: Der logistische Neupositivismus: E. Kaila (1930)”, *Erkenntnis*, 2: 75–77. doi:10.1007/bf02028134 (Scholar)
* 1930e, “Plan für Kaila-Aufsatz: Über die Erkenntnis des sog. ‘Nicht-Gegebenen’” (shorthand), 2 November 1930; also an outline headed ‘Kaila-Aufsatz’ on a separate sheet dated 29 October 1930, Young Research Library, University of California at Los Angeles, Special Collections, Carnap Papers (Collection 1029) [UCLA Box4, CM13, item1]. (Scholar)
* 1931, “Die logizistische Grundlegung der Mathematik” (The Logicist Foundations of Mathematics), *Erkenntnis*, 2: 91–105. doi:10.1007/bf02028142 (Scholar)
* 1932a, “Überwindung der Metaphysik durch logische Analyse der Sprache”, *Erkenntnis*, 2: 219–241. doi:10.1007/bf02028153 (Scholar)
* 1932b [1934], “Die physikalische Sprache als Universalsprache der Wissenschaft”, *Erkenntnis*, 2: 432–465. Translated into English as *Unity of Science*, Max Black (trans.), London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., 1934. doi:10.1007/bf02028172 (Scholar)
* 1932c, “Psychologie in physikalischer Sprache”, *Erkenntnis*, 3: 107–142. doi:10.1007/bf01886414 (Scholar)
* 1932d, “Erwiderung auf die vorstehenden Aufsätze von E. Zilsel und K. Duncker”, *Erkenntnis*, 3: 177–188. doi:10.1007/bf01886417 (Scholar)
* 1932e [1987], “Über Protokollsätze”, *Erkenntnis*, 3: 215–228. Translated in 1987 as “On Protocol Sentences”, Richard Creath and Richard Nollan (trans.), *Noûs*, 21(4): 457–470. doi:10.2307/2215667 (en) doi:10.1007/BF01886421 (de) (Scholar)
* [LSS] 1934a [1937], *Logische Syntax der Sprache*, Vienna: Springer. Translated by Amethe Smeaton as *The Logical Syntax of Language*, London: Routledge, 1937. (Scholar)
* 1934b, “Theoretische Fragen und praktische Entscheidungen”, *Natur und Geist*, 2: 257–260. (Scholar)
* 1934c [1987], *Die Aufgabe der Wissenschaftslogik*, Vienna: Gerold. Translated as “The Task of the Logic of Science”, Hans Kaal (trans.), in *Unified Science*, Rainer Hegselmann and Brian McGuinness (eds.), Dordrecht: Reidel, 1987, 46–66. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3865-6_3 (Scholar)
* 1934d [2004], “On the Character of Philosophic Problems”, W. M. Malisoff (trans.), *Philosophy of Science*, 1(1): 5–19. German original “Über den Charakter philosophischer Probleme” published in R. Carnap *Scheinprobleme in der Philosophie und andere metaphysikkritische Schriften*, T. Mormann (ed.), Hamburg: Meiner, 2004, 111–127. doi:10.1086/286302 (en) (Scholar)
* 1935a, *Philosophy and Logical Syntax*, London: Routledge.
* 1935b, “Review: Logik der Forschung. Zur Erkenntnistheorie der modernen Naturwissenschaft: Popper, Karl (1935)”, *Erkenntnis*, 5: 290–294. doi:10.1007/bf00172319 (Scholar)
* 1936 [1949], “Wahrheit und Bewährung”, in *Actes du Congrès international de philosophie scientifique, Sorbonne, Paris 1935*, fasc. 4. *Unité de la science*, Paris: Hermann, pp. 18–23. A modified version is translated as “Truth and Confirmation”, in Feigl and Sellars 1949: 119–127. (Scholar)
* [TM] 1936–37, “Testability and Meaning”, *Philosophy of Science*,
** [TM1] 3(4): 419–471 (sections 1–16). doi:10.1086/286432, (Scholar)
** [TM2] 4(1): 1–40 (sections 17–28). doi:10.1086/286443
* 1939, *Foundations of Logic and Mathematics*, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
* 1942, *Introduction to Semantics*, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
* 1943, *Formalization of Logic*, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
* 1945a, “The Two Concepts of Probability: The Problem of Probability”, *Philosophy and Phenomenological Research*, 5(4): 513–532. doi:10.2307/2102817 (Scholar)
* 1945b, “On Inductive Logic”, *Philosophy of Science*, 12(2): 72–97. doi:10.1086/286851 (Scholar)
* 1946, “Modalities and Quantification”, *Journal of Symbolic Logic*, 11(2): 33–64. doi:10.2307/2268610 (Scholar)
* 1947, *Meaning and Necessity*, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; second edition: 1956.
* 1949, “A Reply to Leonard Linsky”, *Philosophy of Science*, 16(4): 347–350. doi:10.1086/287056 (Scholar)
* [ESO] 1950a [1956], “Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology”, *Revue Internationale de Philosophie*, 4(11): 20–40. Reprinted in Carnap 1956b: 205–221. (Scholar)
* [LFP] 1950b, *Logical Foundations of Probability*, first edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Scholar)
* 1952a [1956], “Meaning Postulates”, *Philosophical Studies*, 3(5): 65–73. Reprinted in Carnap 1956b: 222–229. doi:10.1007/bf02350366 (Scholar)
* 1952b, *The Continuum of Inductive Methods*, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
* 1954a [1968], *Einführung in die symbolische Logik, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Anwendungen*, first edition, Vienna: Springer; second edition, 1968.
* 1954b [1956], “On Belief Sentences: Reply to Alonzo Church”, in *Philosophy and Analysis*, Margaret MacDonald (ed.), Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 128–131. Reprinted in Carnap 1956b: 230–232. (Scholar)
* 1955a [1956], “On Some Concepts of Pragmatics”, *Philosophical Studies*, 6(6): 89–91. Reprinted in Carnap 1956b: 249–251. doi:10.1007/bf02341065 (Scholar)
* 1955b [1956], “Meaning and Synonymy in Natural Languages”, *Philosophical Studies*, 6(3): 33–47. Reprinted in Carnap 1956b: 222–229. doi:10.1007/bf02330951 (Scholar)
* 1956a, “The Methodological Character of Theoretical Concepts”, in *The Foundations of Science and the Concepts of Psychology and Psychoanalysis*, Herbert Feigl and Michael Scriven (eds.), Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 38–76. [Carnap 1956a available online] (Scholar)
* 1956b [1947], *Meaning and Necessity: A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic*, second edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (This is an enlarged version of 1947.)
* 1957, “How Can Induction Be Justified?” Unpublished Manuscript from the Carnap Papers at the Archives of Scientific Philosophy, Hillman Library, University of Pittsburgh, catalogue number 082-01-01. (Scholar)
* 1958 [1975], “Beobachtungssprache und Theoretische Sprache”, *Dialectica*, 12(3–4): 236–248. Translated as “Observational Language and Theoretical Language”, in Hintikka 1975: 75–85. doi:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1958.tb01461.x (Scholar)
* 1959a [2000], “Theoretical Concepts in Science”, unpublished lecture. Published in Stathis Psillos, 2000, “Rudolf Carnap’s ‘Theoretical Concepts in Science’”, *Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A*, 31(1): 151–172. doi:10.1016/s0039-3681(99)00031-x">10.1016/s0039-3681(99)00031-x (Scholar)
* 1959b, *Induktive Logik und Wahrscheinlichkeit* (coauthor: Wolfgang Stegmüller), Vienna: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-3142-8
* 1961a, “Vorwort zur zweiten Auflage” (introduction to second edition), in *Aufbau*, second edition, Hamburg: Meiner, pp. X–XV. (Scholar)
* 1961b, “On the Use of Hilbert’s ε-Operator in Scientific Theories”, in *Essays on the Foundations of Mathematics*, Y. Bar-Hillel et al. (eds.), Jerusalem: Magnes Press, pp. 154–64. (Scholar)
* 1962, *Logical Foundations of Probability*, second edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
* 1963a, “Carnap’s Intellectual Autobiography”, in Schilpp 1963: 3–84. (Scholar)
* 1963b, “The Philosopher Replies”, in Schilpp 1963: 859–1013.
* 1964, “Interview mit Rudolf Carnap”, in *Mein Weg in die Philosophie*, Rudolf Carnap, interview with Willy Hochkeppel, Stuttgart: Reclam, pp. 134–148. (Scholar)
* 1966, *Philosophical Foundations of Physics: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science*, New York: Basic Books.
* 1968a “Inductive Logic and Inductive Intuition”, in *The Problem of Inductive Logic*, Imre Lakatos (ed.), Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 258–314. (Scholar)
* 1968b, “On Rules of Acceptance”, in *The Problem of Inductive Logic*, Imre Lakatos (ed.), Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 146–50. (Scholar)
* 1971a, “A Basic System of Inductive Logic, Part I”, in Carnap (and Jeffrey) 1971c: 33–165. (Scholar)
* 1971b, “Inductive Logic and Rational Decisions”, in Carnap (and Jeffrey) 1971c: 5–31. (Scholar)
* 1971c, *Studies in Inductive Logic and Probability*, volume 1, with Richard C. Jeffrey, Berkeley: University of California Press. See Jeffrey 1980 for volume 2.
* 1974, *An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science*, New York, Basic Books; second edition of Carnap 1966.
* 1980, “A Basic System of Inductive Logic, Part II”, in Jeffrey 1980: 7–155. (Scholar)
* 2000, *Untersuchungen zur allgemeinen Axiomatik*, Thomas Bonk and Jesús Mosterin (eds.), Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
* 2017, “Value Concepts (1958)”, *Synthese*, 194(1): 185–194. doi:10.1007/s11229-015-0793-2 (Scholar)
* 2019, *Rudolf Carnap: Early Writings*, A.W. Carus, Michael Friedman, Wolfgang Kienzler, Alan Richardson, and Sven Schlotter (eds.), (The Collected Works of Rudolf Carnap, 1), New York: Oxford University Press.

## Παραπομπές


## Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι

* https://www.nytimes.com/1970/09/15/archives/rudolf-carnap-philosopher-dies-developed-branch-known-as-logical.html
* https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/rudolf-carnap/

Κατηγορία:Γερμανοί φιλόσοφοι