Nocturne

***Nocturne*** nopo nga iso ponupuan muzik i nowonsoi poingimpou do kaantakan timpu totuong.

## Sajara
Istilah nopo do *nocturne* (naanu mantad boros *French*  i kirati do totuong)  om pinoaplikasi id *pieces* do muzik ontok abad ko-18. Oubasan nopo nga pomoinon iti muzik ontok abaabayaan miagal do *evening party*. Muzik diti miagal  kikonsep do momoguno *paired horns* i minog haro kopomogunoon tuunion *strings* do muzik ponong pogun Itali i lohoon do *notturno* om haro o roromu uhu miagal ko *Notturno in D, K 286* i noonsoi tumanud do konsep four *lightly echoing* i nowonsoi di Wolfgang Madeus Mozart.  Haro nogi o versi nocturne maya disio i kiuhu *Serenata Notturna, K 239*. Montok nopo uhu muzik do *Serenade*  au nowonsoi poingimpo konsep do kaantakan totuong nga milo do pomoinon tintod abaabayaan timpu totuong. Kopisuayan do *Notturno* om *Serenade* milo okito maya timpu kopomoinan  i muzik tintod ababayaan totuong. Poomitanan nopo nga kotimpuunon kopomoinan antakan do jaam 9 totuong om pomupus do ababayan muzik dii pomoinon antakan jam ko 11 totuong.

Gura kopomoinan do muzik diti nopo nga tumanud do *single-movement character piece* i pomoinon id waya do *solo piano*. Nakaralad o muzik diti kumaa sompogunan id abad ko-19. Nocturne di kumoiso i kotimpuunon nowonsoi di *composer* tulun Irish i ointutunan sabaagi John Field. Isio nogi nga ointutunan nogi sabaagi t*he father of the romantic noturne* i poposangkai do kowoowoyoon rolou di olumis toi ko komoyon do *Cantabile melody* id waya *arpeggiated*  miampai ompoton di tuunion gitar. Sundung po i, muzik di loobi ointutunan nopo nga nowonsoi di Frederic Chopin ko’ muzik i nowonsoi di John Field. I Chopin nopo nokopomonsoi do 21 kawo versi muzik nocturne. Suai ko iri, haro nogi o *composer* suai i nokoimbulai minomonsoi do versi nocturne diti miagal ko’ i Gabriel Faure’ , Alexander Scriabin, Erik Sate (1919), Francis Poulenc (1929) om nogi i Peter Sculthorpe. Gura’ do uhu muzik *The Night’s Music (Musiques nocturnes in French)* maya *Out of Doors* (1926) momoguno do konsep *solo piano* om iti nopo nga  i nowonsoi di Bela Bartok poposangkai do kopiagalan tuni di posorili (natures). Haro o roromu q*uiet, eerie, blurred cluster chords* om kopiagalan do tuni tombolog om tayam suai miampai do woyo rolou toi ko *melody* di siiso. I Lowell Lierbemann songulun *composer* mantad pogun Amerika minomonsoi do 11 Nocturnes montok no do tuunion piano id versi do No. 6 om pomoinon id waya *Orchestra*. *Composer* suai i nokoumbal minomonsoi versi Nocturne ontok abad ko-20 ointutunan nogi sabaagi Michael Glenn Williams , Samuel Barber om Robert Helps.

Poomitanan suai i koumbal minomonsoi do Nocturne kohompit  do *incidental music* di Felix Mendelssonhn id ababayaan  *A Midsummer Night’s Dream* ontok toun 1848, i pomoinon di *orchestra*. Maya di Claude Debussy minomonsoi do Nocturne *the set of three* montok *orchestra* om tinimungan tondu mononondig (choir) id waya do *solo piano*. Suai ko iri, I Dmitri Shostakovich nopo minomonsoi do Nocturne i kiuhu *Violin Concerto No. 1* id toun 1948.   I Eric Satie songulun *composer* French minomonsoi do  5 *series* i Nocturnes nga misuai mantad di noonsoi di Field om Chopin . Ontok toun 1958, i Benjamin Britten minomonsoi do Nocturne montok do *tenor, Seven Obbligato instruments* om *strings*. Minomonsoi nogi isio do Serenade i kiuhu *Serenade for tenor, Horn and Strings* id toun 1943.

Montok dii, oubasan Nocturne nopo diti ointutunan maya konsep dau di popotosol do  kotoronongon, *expressive* om *lyrical* miampai do *gloomy*. Sundung po i, iti Nocturne nogi nga misimban-simban o *mood* kopomoinan dau. Poomitanan versi dii maya di Karol Syzmanowski, i uhu muzik dau *Nocturne and Tarantella*  (1915) om *Symphonic Nocturne for Piano Alone* (1977-78) i nowonsoi di Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji.

## Sukuon