Pat Powers

**Patrick Anthony Powers** (8 Gumas 1870 – 30 Madas 1948), nosusu id Kaunti Waterford, Ireland, nopo nga songulun papadagang kibooyungan Amerika kitungkus Ireland it poingampai id industri perfileman om animasi id 1910-an, 1920-an, om 1930-an.  Pinoposoliwan isio do **Powers' Cinephone Moving Picture Company**, otutunan nogi sabaagi do **Powers Picture Plays**. Firma disio, Celebrity Productions, nopo nga i nokopogulu do manakadai id Walt Disney, kartun*[[Mickey Mouse (film series)|Mickey Mouse]]* (1928–1929). Kalapas sontoun, minisuai o Disney miampai di Powers, i minonimpuun do studio animasi Iwerks Studio miampai momuruan animasi Disney, Ub Iwerks.

## Pakarajaan pogulu
Nosusu Powers id Waterford, Ireland. Tumanud do obituari *[[Buffalo Courier-Express]]* maamaso 1 Magus 1948, taka disio, Mary Ellen Powers, poingion id Buffalo solinaid do koposion disido.

Nakaanu i Powers do minitayad miampai di Joseph A. Schubert, Sr. montok papadagang do kaban lulumoyou id toun 1900 - 19007. Id toun 1907, nakaanu yolo goduo poingkakat do Buffalo Film Exchange, 13 Geneese St, montok momoli do filem mantad syarikat popoimbulai filem om posiwaon id panggung wayang Nickelodeon. 

Id toun 1910, minundaliu i Powers mantad id Buffalo minoi id New York, hinonggo nokoruba isio do Powers Motion Picture Company, om insaru nogi barayan id iklan om pokrediton id suang do filem dau sabaagi do "Powers Picture Plays". Poomitanan nopo koposoliwanan tosopung mantad studio disido nopo nga kohompit no *[[The Woman Hater (filem 1910 Powers)|The Woman Hater]]* (1910) miampai Violet Heming, Pearl White om Stuart Holmes; komedi *[[Lost in a Hotel (filem 1911)|Lost in a Hotel]]* (1911); filem fantasi tangaanak *[[An Old-Time Nightmare (filem 1911)|An Old-Time Nightmare]]* (1911); om Barat *Red Star's Honor* (1911).

In 1912, Powers's company merged with Carl Laemmle's Independent Moving Pictures Company (IMP) film company and others to create what eventually would become Universal Pictures. He served as treasurer of the Universal Film Manufacturing Company. Later, in 1916 and 1917, Powers introduced a cartoon series titled *Fuller Pep*, which was similar to Paul Terry's *[[Farmer Al Falfa]]* series. Nine cartoons were produced.

## 1920-an
Mantad kaantakan ponguludan kawagu do Film Booking Office of America id toun 1922 gisom 1923, Powers naakaanu mondominasi syarikat dilo sabaagi investor Amerika. Pogulu di, nokoumbal ii Powers momuruon do syarikat filem kondii om nokongoi nogi rumumo id Universal Pictures id toun 1912. Powers nakaanu mongolon do ngaran Robertson-Cole/FBO mooii Powers Studio id timpu toruhai, nga sundung pia di, ingga rekod naanu do nokopongimbulai oo Powers Studio do Filem. Id toun 1928, Joseph P. Kennedy om luguan RCA, David Sarnoff pinopiiso do FBO om Litar Teater Keith-Albee-Orpheum montok momorun do RKO Radio Pictures.

Powers pinolabus miampai minomoli do syarikat DeForest Phonofilm maso musim wusak toun 1927. Lee De Forest maso di momok-somok no muflis sabab monoguang do yuran guaman montok goos monuntut do bagas koisaan dau iri no tu Theodore Case om Freeman Harrison Owens. Maso di, DeForest gisom pinapadang do kakamot-kakamot diolo id gatang di osoriba kumaa panggung wayang.

Id toun 1927, Nokirar ii Powers maganu do syarikat DeForest. Ahapas di, manamagaji yau do bagas juruteknik DeForest , Wiliam Garity montok papaasil do klon sistem pamarkam tuni do Phonofilm, ii ningaranan do Powers Cinephone. Maso diti, aiso no di kopio tusin do DeForest montok monuntut di Powers sabab minagahau do hak Paten.

## Walt Disney om Ub Iwerks
Id toun 1928, pinadagang di Powers it sistem Cinephone dau kumaa do Walt Disney montok papaasil do kartun-kartun di kaanu maanahak do tuni di miagal do filem Steamboat willie it kinono di Mickey Mouse (1928). Sabab tu aiso syarikat di papatayad do kartun kituni di nilabus do Walt Disney, Minisokodung yolo miampai do syarikat di Powers it ointutunan sabaagi Celebrity Pictures.

Ahapas duo toun pinapalantoi do filem *Mickey Mouse* om *Silly Symphonies*, id toun 1930, Walt Disney minuhot di Powers kokomoi do pinogian do aasil kapanayadan do filem-filem di kohompit katanud do pibatasan. Powers minaganu kosiwatan di montok pinapakaraja do luguan momonganimasi do Disney, Ub Iwerks montok popoindalan do studio animasi kondii. 

Sundung pia di nga  haro no piipiro kalantayan di nodimpot do studio Iwerks mantad siri-siri kartun miagal ko *Flip the Frog* om *Willie Whopper* it pinatayang maya Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, miampai kartun *[[ComiColor]]* di pinoimbulai do Celebrity Pictures. Ahapas di id toun 1936 Studio Iwerks niimagon do nomuflis.

Solinaid di Powers poimpasi, nakaanu yau papaasil do 300 filem, om kogumuan filem di nopo nga filem bobou ii pinaasil id Universal pogulu toun 1913. Sundung pia di nga nakaanu kasari yau do gaa sabaagi popoimbulai filem The Wedding March mantad di Erich von Stroheim (1928), miampai di Jesse laksy om di Adolph Zukor.

## Kinapatayon
Tumanud surat abal *New York Times* id 1 Magus 1948, maso kinapataoin di Powers, isio nopo maso di nga presiden do  Powers Film Products Company id Rochester, New York .  Kiwaa nogi walai dau kondii id bandaraya  New York om id Westport, Connecticut.

Patrick Powers nokoidu pogun id 30 Madas 1948 id lamin pongusapan id Bandaraya New York sabab kinotuo'on. Kinapataion dau di pinopoogol do songulun tanak tondu om tadi. Nilobong yau id tanah pangalabangan Holy Cross Cemetery id Rochester New York.

## Sukuon

## Bibliografi

* Richard B. Jewell with Vernon Harbin, *The RKO Story* (New York: Arlington House/Crown, 1982) ISBN 0-517-54656-6
* Betty Lasky, *RKO: The Biggest Little Major of Them All* (Santa Monica, Calif.: Roundtable, 1989) ISBN 0-915677-41-5

## Link labus

* Pat Powers di Pangkalan Data Filem Internet (IMDb)