The Underground Railroad

A **Underground Railroad** da e la lambo network ko secret routes ane safe houses nang taa toma ko a ka ba zo yi Northern United States ane Eastern Canada. Enslaved Africans ane  African Americans nang da zo yi a 16th century; Ba gyamaa zaa nang da zo da ba taa sammo. Neng a lɛ zaa, a network ko yisonne nang be a Underground Railroad da piilee ka ba lambo 1780s neng a Abolitionist Societies nang be a North. O zo gaa north nang da bebe ne a Emancipation Proclamation da taa la saane neng 1863 yi President Abraham Lincoln. A gbangba ɛda  zo gaa la a free states, a da gaa be a Canada.

A Underground Railroad started zie nang be enslavement. A sori nang be a natural ane man-made maaloo kyaare neng sori tuubu: rivers, canals, bays, a Atlantic Coast, ferries ane river crossings, roads ane trails. Bezie nang e ports, free territories ane international boundaries prompted gyamaa zie nang da zo.

A network, toma ko a  African Americans, da taa la sommo ko abolitionists ane sympathetic ko a zozoreba mine. A noba bana nang da zo da tue soe mine Railroad, tutaalong. Sobi-gyamaa ko a Mexico, be gbangbaalong nang da ba taa eebo, ane a islands nang be Caribbean nang da ba paale a gbangbaalong nakoɔlong. A sobiri nang be a south kyaare Florida, neng  a Spanish taabo (kyɛ kyɛrɛɛ 1763–1783), nang da tong toma yi a 17th century te ta nang na bang ta 1790. A saŋa nang American Civil War, emmaarong boɔre Union lines nang be South ka ba nyɛ emmaarong. Peɛroo mine wuli ka  1850, ka foo nang yɛre o 100,000 gbangbaɛ da zo boɔrɔ emmaarong network. Yele yi a dasaŋa professor ko a Pan-African studies J. Blaine Hudson, nang da e wedere ko a College of Arts ane Sciences a University of Louisville, a baaroo saŋa a Civil War, 500,000 bee gyamaa  African Americans da taa la bamenne guubu  gbangbaalong kyaare a Underground Railroad.

## Terminology
Membare ko a Underground Railroad da tona neng la lamboe mine, nang be a metaphor ko a railway. Aseŋ:

* People who helped fugitive slaves find the railroad were "agents"
* Guides were known as "conductors"
* Hiding places were "stations" or "way stations"
* "Station masters" hid escaping slaves in their homes
* People escaping slavery were referred to as "passengers" or "cargo"
* Fugitive slaves would obtain a "ticket"
* Similar to common gospel lore, the "wheels would keep on turning"
* Financial benefactors of the Railroad were known as "stockholders"
* Promised Land – code word for Canada
* River Jordan – code word for Ohio River
* Heaven – code for freedom or Canada

A Big Dipper (nang e "laa" magere ko North Star) da e la a drinkin' gourd. A Railroad meng da e la  "freedom train" bee "Gospel train", nang da kyaare a  "Heaven" bee "a Promised Land", i.e., Canada.
### Nembanne Mine
* Ann Bamford
* John Brown
* Owen Brown (father)
* Owen Brown (son)
* Samuel Burris
* Obadiah Bush
* Levi Coffin
* George CorElizabeth Rous Comstockson
* Moses Dickson
* Frederick Douglass
* Asa Drury
* George Hussey Earle Sr.
* Calvin Fairbank
* Bartholomew Fussell
* Matilda Joslyn Gage
* Thomas Galt
* Thomas Garrett
* Sydney Howard Gay
* Josiah Bushnell Grinnell
* Frances Harper
* Laura Smith Haviland
* Lewis Hayden
* John Hunn
* Roger Hooker Leavitt
* Jermain Wesley Loguen
* Samuel Joseph May
* John Berry Meachum
* Mary Meachum
* Cynthia Catlin Miller
* William M. Mitchell
* Solomon Northup
* John Parker
* Elijah F. Pennypacker
* Mary Ellen Pleasant
* John Wesley Posey
* Amy and Isaac Post
* Peter Quire
* John Rankin
* Alexander Milton Ross
* David Ruggles
* Gerrit Smith
* George Luther Stearns
* William Still
* John Ton
* Charles Turner Torrey
* William Troy
* Harriet Tubman
* Martha Coffin Wright
* John Van Zandt
* Bernardhus Van Leer
* Silvia and John Webber
* Edward Wetheril
## A popular culture

### Daanoo ko fiction

* *The Underground Railroad* is a 2016 novel by Colson Whitehead. It won the 2016 National Book Award and the 2017 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.
* *The Underground Railroad* is a 2021 streaming television limited series, based on Whitehead's novel.
* *Underground* is an American television series that premiered in 2016, on WGN America.

### Yelkaama

* David Walker (1829) *Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World*
* Harriet Beecher Stowe (1852) *Uncle Tom's Cabin*
* Caroline Lee Hentz (1854) *The Planter's Northern Bride*
* William M. Mitchell (1860) The Under-Ground Railroad
* Sarah Hopkins Bradford (1869) *Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman*; (1896) *Harriet Tubman, Moses of Her People*
* Barbara Smucker, (1977) *Underground to Canada*
*

## Kaa kyɛ

* United States portal

* Ausable Chasm, NY, home of the North Star Underground Railroad Museum
* Caroline Quarlls (1824–1892), first known person to escape slavery through Wisconsin's Underground Railroad
* Fort Mose Historic State Park
* Josiah Henson Museum of African-Canadian History near Dresden, Ontario
* List of Underground Railroad sites
* Tilly Escape
* Timbuctoo, New York.

## Nimitɔɔre kannoo

* (Stories about Thomas Garrett, a famous agent on the Underground Railroad)
* (Classic book documenting the Underground Railroad operations in Philadelphia).
** *The Underground Railroad* public domain audiobook at LibriVox
* ; winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 2017 for its poetical, mythical reflection on the meaning of the Railroad in American history.

## Ziiri mine liŋkiri
**Underground Railroad**at Wikipedia's sister projects

* Media from Commons
* Travel information from Wikivoyage
* Data from Wikidata

Library resources about

**A Underground Railroad**
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* Online books
* Resources in your library
* Resources in other libraries

* Underground Railroad – National Park Service
** Underground Railroad: Language of Slavery
* Underground Railroad Studies
* Underground Railroad Timeline
* Friends of the Underground Railroad
* National Underground Railroad Freedom Center
* Underground Railroad Research Institute at Georgetown College[*usurped*]
* Underground Railroad in Buffalo and Upstate New York: A bibliography by The Buffalo History Museum
* Newspaper articles and clippings about the Underground Railroad at Newspapers.com

## Sommo Yizie