Maroon

**Maroons** e la noba ko a Africans nang be a  Americas ane islands nang be a Indian Ocean nang da zo yi a gbangbaalong, yineng a zɔɔre nang be a manumission, nang da fere ba ka ba da zeng. Ba da laŋe neng la bamenne noba, nang da lanne taaa a creole saakonnong nang be a Garifuna ane a Mascogos.

## Etymology
*Maroon* da kpɛ la English a 1590s, yi a French adjective *marron*, muni nang e 'feral' bee 'fugitive', omenŋɛ nyaamo nang e American Spanish yelbiri *cimarrón*, muni nang e 'wild, nang ba e wederɛ' bee 'gbangbaa-zoraa'. A piiluu saŋa a 1570s, Sir Francis Drake's da zoe a Spanish nang be Panama da paale ne la "*Symerons*", nang e sɛgekaabatori *cimarrón*. A linguist Leo Spitzer, nang sɛgerɛ a  journal *Language*, yelika, "nyɔgetaa wa bebe neng a Eng. *maroon*, Fr. *marron*, ane Sp. *cimarrón*, Spain (bee Spanish America) nang da de a yelbiri ko a England (bee English America)."

Mannewuluu ko maroon

Nwng a lɛ zaa, a Cuban philologist José Juan Arrom da peɛre bɔ la a yelbiri *maroon* *yizie* te gaale a Spanish *cimarrón*, nang da taa tondɛndɛŋ ko a Hispaniola nang e feral nao, a meng ko a Indian gbangabaa nang da zo yi a taŋɛ zu, neng a piiluu saŋa a 1530s ko a African gbagbaare meng nang da e yelyenaa nang. O da terɛɛ noɔ ko a  American Spanish yelbie nang da taa eebo neng a Arawakan yelbi-ma mine nang be a *simarabo*, a da sage de ka o da e a 'fugitive' Arawakan kɔkɔ-yelaa ko a Taíno noba ko a island.

## Meng kaa kyɛ

* Slave catcher
* Slave rebellion
* Afro-Latin American: Latin Americans of significant or mainly African ancestry.
* Black Seminoles: Indians associated with the Seminole people in Florida and Oklahoma.
* Bushinengues: in French Guiana, meaning people of the forest, descendants of slaves who escaped enslavement and established independent communities in the forest.
* Gaspar Yanga: an African known for being the leader of a Maroon colony of slaves in New Spain.
* Saramaka: one of six Maroon peoples in the Republic of Suriname and one of the Maroon peoples in French Guiana.
* Jamaican Maroons: one of the few countries where Maroon communities still exist.
* *Quilombo* a 1985 film about Quilombo dos Palmares, a fugitive community of escaped slaves and others, in colonial Brazil.
* Jean Dugain.

## Ziyiri mine

### Literature

* History of the Maroons
* Russell Banks (1980), *The Book of Jamaica*.
* Campbell, Mavis Christine (1988), *The Maroons of Jamaica, 1655–1796: a history of resistance, collaboration & betrayal*, Granby, Mass.: Bergin & Garvey. 
* Corzo, Gabino La Rosa (2003), *Runaway Slave Settlements in Cuba: Resistance and Repression* (translated by Mary Todd), Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 
* Dallas, R. C. *The History of the Maroons, from Their Origin to the Establishment of Their Chief Tribe at Sierra Leone*. 2 vols. London: Longman. 1803.
* De Granada, Germán (1970), *Cimarronismo, palenques y Hablas "Criollas" en Hispanoamérica* Instituto Caro y Cuero, Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia, OCLC 37821053 (in Spanish)
* Diouf, Sylviane A. (2014), *Slavery's Exiles: The Story of the American Maroons*, New York: NYU Press, 
* Honychurch, Lennox (1995), *The Dominica Story*, London: Macmillan.  (Includes extensive chapters on the Maroons of Dominica)
* Hoogbergen, Wim S. M. Brill (1997), *The Boni Maroon Wars in Suriname*, Academic Publishers. 
* Learning, Hugo Prosper (1995), *Hidden Americans: Maroons of Virginia and the Carolinas* Garland Publishing, New York, 
* Price, Richard (ed.) (1973), *Maroon Societies: rebel slave communities in the Americas*, Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books. 
* Schwaller, Robert, ed. *African Maroons in Sixteenth-Century Panama: A History in Documents.* University of Oklahoma Press, 2021.
* Thompson, Alvin O. (2006), *Flight to Freedom: African runaways and maroons in the Americas* University of West Indies Press, Kingston, Jamaica, 
* van Velzen, H.U.E. Thoden and van Wetering, Wilhelmina (2004), *In the Shadow of the Oracle: Religion as Politics in a Suriname Maroon Society*, Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press. 

## Ziiri mine liŋkiri
Wikimedia Commons has media related to ***Maroons***.

* (The Maroons, Hindustanis and others of Surinam.)
* A good short history of the "Bush Negroes" of Suriname.
* (A history of Jamaican Maroons.)
* *Black Prisoners of War at Porchester Castle*
* *Lands of Freedom: the oral histories and cultural heritage of the Matawai Maroons in Suriname*

## Sommo Yizie