Kuri

**Kuri** e la mɔduŋo kaŋa naŋ maŋ toɔ kpɛ koɔ poɔ aneŋ gbaŋgbale, Kuri maŋ taa la pɛge naŋ maŋ e kpeɛŋaa ka o maŋ pɔge o eŋa zaa, kuri taa la gbɛ̃ɛ̃ anaare, kuri e la nɛne ako noba mine kyɛ ka o e noba mine meŋ yaabaa.
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Gbɛɛ yaga o kpԑzi-gyamaa la koɔŋ. O eɛ mɔdoŋaa nang taa gbɛɛ anaare, a taa pɛgere kaŋa nang pili pɔge a o eŋganne zaa. Noba ba nang na dang ɔɔ o nɛne kaa, yeli ka ka foo nang doge o nɛne, fo ba mang eŋ koɔŋ bonso o nɛne nang taa koɔŋ̍. Ba meng la yeli ka, ka o nɛne mang noma la yaga ka foo sereng doge o soŋ̍.

## Taxonomy
A species taa la yelyuuri neng Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (2021) ane a Turtle Extinctions Working Group (2015).

**Family Testudinidae** Batsch 1788

* †***Alatochelon***
** † *Alatochelon myrteum*
* ***Aldabrachelys*** Loveridge and Williams 1957:166
** *Aldabrachelys gigantea* Aldabra giant tortoise.
*** *A. g. gigantea* Aldabra tortoise.
*** *A. g. arnoldi* Arnold’s giant tortoise.
*** *A. g. daudinii* Daudin’s giant tortoise.
*** *A. g. hololissa* Domed Seychelles giant tortoise.
** †*Aldabrachelys abrupta* Late Holocene, extinct *circa* 1200 AD
** †*Aldabrachelys grandidieri* Late Holocene, extinct *circa* 884 AD
* ***Astrochelys*** Gray, 1873:4
** *Astrochelys radiata*, radiated tortoise
** thumb*Astrochelys yniphora*, angonoka tortoise, (Madagascan) plowshare tortoise
* ***Centrochelys*** Gray 1872:5
** † *Centrochelys atlantica*
** † *Centrochelys burchardi* Tenerife giant tortoise
** † *Centrochelys marocana*
** † *Centrochelys robusta* Maltese giant tortoise
** *Centrochelys sulcata*, African spurred tortoise, sulcata tortoise
** † *Centrochelys vulcanica* Gran Canaria giant tortoise
* ***Chelonoidis*** Fitzinger 1835:112
** † *Chelonoidis alburyorum* Abaco tortoise, Late Pleistocene, extinct *c.* 1400 CE
** *Chelonoidis carbonarius*, red-footed tortoise
** thumb*Chelonoidis chilensis*, Chaco tortoise, Argentine tortoise or southern wood tortoise
** † *Chelonoidis cubensis* Cuban giant tortoise
** *Chelonoidis denticulatus* Brazilian giant tortoise, yellow-footed tortoise
** † *C. dominicensis* Dominican giant tortoise
** † *Chelonoidis lutzae* Lutz's giant tortoise, Late Pleistocene
** † *Chelonoidis monensis* Mona tortoise
** *Chelonoidis niger* Galapagos giant tortoise
** † *Chelonoidis sellovii* Southern Cone giant tortoise, Pleistocene
** † *Chelonoidis sombrerensis* Sombrero giant tortoise, Late Pleistocene
* ***Chersina*** Gray 1830:5
** thumb*Chersina angulata*, angulated tortoise, South African bowsprit tortoise
* † ***Cheirogaster*** Bergounioux 1935:78
** †*Cheirogaster gymnesica* Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene
** †*Cheirogaster schafferi* Pliocene to Early Pleistocene
* ***Chersobius*** Fitzinger, 1835
** *Chersobius boulengeri*, Karoo padloper, Karoo dwarf tortoise, Boulenger's Cape tortoise
** *Chersobius signatus*, speckled padloper tortoise
** *Chersobius solus*, Nama padloper, Berger's Cape tortoise
* †***Cylindraspis*** Fitzinger 1835:112 (all species extinct) following Austin and Arnold, 2001:
** †*Cylindraspis indica*, synonym *Cylindraspis borbonica*, Reunion giant tortoise
** †*Cylindraspis inepta*, saddle-backed Mauritius giant tortoise or Mauritius giant domed tortoise
** †*Cylindraspis peltastes*, domed Rodrigues giant tortoise
** †*Cylindraspis triserrata*, domed Mauritius giant tortoise or Mauritius giant flat-shelled tortoise
** †*Cylindraspis vosmaeri*, saddle-backed Rodrigues giant tortoise
* † ***Ergilemys*** Ckhikvadze, 1984
** *Ergilemys bruneti*
** *Ergilemys insolitus*
** *Ergilemys saikanensis*
* ***Geochelone*** Fitzinger 1835:112
** *Geochelone elegans*, Indian star tortoise
** *Geochelone platynota*, Burmese star tortoise
* ***Gopherus*** Rafinesque 1832:64
** *Gopherus agassizii*, Mojave desert tortoise, Agassiz's desert tortoise
** *Gopherus berlandieri*, Texas tortoise, Berlandier's tortoise
** *Gopherus flavomarginatus*, Bolson tortoise
** *Gopherus morafkai*, Sonoran desert tortoise, Morafka's desert tortoise
** *Gopherus polyphemus*, gopher tortoise
** *Gopherus evgoodei*, Sinaloan desert tortoise, Goode's thornscrub tortoise
* † ***Hadrianus***
** *Hadrianus corsoni* (syn. *H. octonarius*)
** *Hadrianus robustus*
** *Hadrianus schucherti*
** *Hadrianus utahensis*
* † ***Hesperotestudo***
** *Hesperotestudo alleni*
** *Hesperotestudo angusticeps*
** *Hesperotestudo brontops*
** *Hesperotestudo equicomes*
** *Hesperotestudo impensa*
** *Hesperotestudo incisa*
** *Hesperotestudo johnstoni*
** *Hesperotestudo kalganensis*
** *Hesperotestudo niobrarensis*
** *Hesperotestudo orthopygia*
** *Hesperotestudo osborniana*
** *Hesperotestudo percrassa*
** *Hesperotestudo riggsi*
** *Hesperotestudo tumidus*
** *Hesperotestudo turgida*
** *Hesperotestudo wilsoni*
* ***Homopus*** Duméril and Bibron 1834:357
** *Homopus areolatus*, common padloper, parrot-beaked tortoise, beaked Cape tortoise
** *Homopus femoralis*, greater padloper, greater dwarf tortoise
* ***Indotestudo*** Lindholm, 1929
** *Indotestudo elongata*, elongated tortoise, yellow-headed tortoise
** *Indotestudo forstenii*, Forsten's tortoise, East Indian tortoise
** *Indotestudo travancorica*, Travancore tortoise
* ***Kinixys***
** *Kinixys belliana*, Bell's hinge-back tortoise
** *Kinixys erosa*, forest hinge-back tortoise, serrated hinge-back tortoise
** *Kinixys homeana*, Home's hinge-back tortoise
** *Kinixys lobatsiana*, Lobatse hinge-back tortoise
** *Kinixys natalensis*, Natal hinge-back tortoise
** *Kinixys spekii*, Speke's hinge-back tortoise
* ***Malacochersus*** Lindholm 1929:285
** *Malacochersus tornieri*, pancake tortoise
* ***Manouria*** Gray 1854:133
** *Manouria emys*, Asian giant tortoise, brown tortoise (mountain tortoise)
** *Manouria impressa*, impressed tortoise
* † ***Megalochelys*** Falconer, H. and Cautley, P.T. 1837.
** † *Megalochelys atlas*, Atlas tortoise, Extinct – Pliocene to Pleistocene
** † *Megalochelys cautleyi*, Cautley's giant tortoise
* ***Psammobates*** Fitzinger 1835:113
** *Psammobates geometricus*, geometric tortoise
** *Psammobates oculifer*, serrated tent tortoise, Kalahari tent tortoise
** *Psammobates tentorius*, African tent tortoise
* ***Pyxis*** Bell 1827:395
** *Pyxis arachnoides*, (Madagascan) spider tortoise
** *Pyxis planicauda*, flat-backed spider tortoise, (Madagascan) flat-tailed tortoise, flat-tailed spider tortoise
* ***Stigmochelys*** Gray, 1873
** *Stigmochelys pardalis*, leopard tortoise
* † ***Stylemys***
** *Stylemys botti*
** *Stylemys calaverensis*
** *Stylemys canetotiana*
** *Stylemys capax*
** *Stylemys conspecta*
** *Stylemys copei*
** *Stylemys emiliae*
** *Stylemys frizaciana*
** *Stylemys karakolensis*
** *Stylemys nebrascensis* (syn. *S. amphithorax*)
** *Stylemys neglectus*
** *Stylemys oregonensis*
** *Stylemys pygmea*
** *Stylemys uintensis*
** *Stylemys undabuna*
* † ***Titanochelon***
** †*Titanochelon gymnesica* (Bate, 1914) Balearic Islands, Pliocene
** † *Titanochelon bolivari* (Hernandez-Pacheco, 1917) (type) Iberian Peninsula, Miocene
** † *Titanochelon bacharidisi* (Vlachos et al., 2014) Greece, Bulgaria, Late Miocene
** † *Titanochelon perpiniana* (Deperet 1885) France, Pliocene
** †*Titanochelon schafferi* (Szalai, 1931) Samos, Greece, Miocene
** †*Titanochelon vitodurana* (Biedermann 1862) Switzerland, Early Miocene
** †*Titanochelon kayadibiensis* Karl, Staesche & Safi, 2021, Anatolia, Miocene
** †*Titanochelon eurysternum* (Gervais, 1848–1852) France, Miocene
** †*Titanochelon ginsburgi* (de Broin, 1977 ) France, Miocene
** †*Titanochelon leberonensis* (Depéret, 1890) France, Miocene
* ***Testudo***
** *Testudo graeca*, Greek tortoise, spur-thighed tortoise, Moorish tortoise
** *Testudo hermanni*, Hermann's tortoise
** *Testudo horsfieldii*, Russian tortoise
** *Testudo kleinmanni*, Egyptian tortoise, including Negev tortoise
** *Testudo marginata*, marginated tortoise
## Enfuomo

File:Tortoise-Hatchling.jpg|Baby *[[Marginated tortoise|Testudo marginata]]* emerges from its egg
File:Baby tortoise.jpg|Baby tortoise, less than a day old
File:Tortoise closeup.jpg|Young, 20-year-old Tanzanian leopard tortoise feeding on grass
File:Aldabra.giant.tortoise.arp.jpg|Aldabra giant tortoise, *[[Aldabrachelys gigantea|Geochelone gigantea]]*
File:Leopards tortoise.jpg|22-year-old leopard tortoise
File:Geochelone sulcata -Oakland Zoo -feeding-8a.jpg|African spurred tortoise from the Oakland Zoo
File:Tortoise mating.jpg|Pair of African spurred tortoises mate in a zoo
File:TurtleRideIfrog.jpg|Boy rides a tortoise at a zoo
File:Small tortoises mating.webm|Video of tortoises mating
File:Young Hermann's Tortoise.jpg|Young *[[Testudo hermanni]]* 


## Phylogeny
A molecular phylogeny ko a Kuri, yele nang tuuro Le et al. (2006: 525):

A separate phylogeny neng mtDNA yelpeԑre mine nang da yi kyaare Kehlmaier *et al.* (2021):

A 2023 Kehlmaier meng da la nyԑ la yelpeԑre mine yi phylogeny te ko a 2021 one, nang da la ta wagre mine kyaare evolutionary distinctiveness ko a extinct *Cylindraspis*, kyɛ da la ta wagre mine a leԑ a *Gopherus* ane *Manouria*, nang vɛŋ *Gopherus* ko a basal genus.
## Nimitoore kannoo
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## Ziiri mine lingkiri

* Family Testudinidae (Tortoises), The Reptiles Database
* : Conservation and care of turtles.
* Live Tortoise Stream : Live Tortoise Stream
## Sommo Yizie