The Haitian Revolution

A **Haitian Revolution** (Haitian Creole: *Lagè d Lendependans*; French: *Révolution haïtienne* [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ a.isjɛn] bee *Guerre de l'indépendance*) e la boŋkaŋa nang e rebellious gumenne ko a  Africans neng a French colonial wederong nang be Saint-Domingue, pampana nang e sovereign state ko Haiti. A revolution la da e a slave rebellion yong nang be a nensaala yelkora nang vɛŋ a state nang da vɛŋ a zaa ayi da e a slavery (nang da ba e a menne feroo tontonneba) kyɛ da taa wederong neng a noba bana nng ba e a nempeɛle ane former captives.

A revolt da piilee  22 August 1791, kyɛ da baare a 1804 neng a former colony's independence. O da paale neng la black, biracial, French, Spanish, British, ane Polish noba—neng a ex-slave Toussaint Louverture nang da e Haiti's da e a prominent general. A revolution daq bigire la wagre mine nang kyaare a  Atlantic World ane a revolution's effects nang be a  ziiri ko a gbangbaalong nang be a  Americas. A baara saŋa a French wederong ane yele kyaare a gbangbaalong baaro ko a former colony da gaaneng la menne guubo yi a saŋa gbangbaalong dire, ane lammo ko dasaŋa gbangbaalong deme, neng ba nang da ba paale a nempeɛle nang e Europeans.

A revolution da la a yelkpong kyaare gbangbaalong nang da be a saŋa nang  Spartacus' naqng daq ba gaa soŋ ko revolt yineng a Roman Republic nang peɛle 1,900 yuomo, kyɛ da taa tage taare neng a European sagedeebo neng a nensɔgeba ane gbangbaalong fanne ka ba da nyɛ' bamenne emmaarong.

## Yele mine nang maale be saakommo poɔ

* Cuban writer Alejo Carpentier's second novel, *The Kingdom of This World* (1949), (translated into English 1957), explores the Haitian Revolution in depth. It is one of the novels that inaugurated the Latin American renaissance in fiction beginning in the mid-20th century.
* Madison Smartt Bell wrote a trilogy called *All Souls' Rising* (1995) about the life of Toussaint Louverture and the slave uprising.
* C. Richard Gillespie, former Towson University professor, wrote a novelization of Louverture's life in the Revolution titled *Papa Toussaint* (1998).
* Though not referred to by name, Haiti is the backdrop for the 1990 Broadway musical *Once on This Island* by Lynn Ahrens and Stephen Flaherty. The musical, based on the novel *My Love, My Love* by Rosa Guy, describes the social stratification of the island, and contains a song that briefly outlines the history of the Haitian Revolution.
* In 2004, an exhibition of paintings entitled *Caribbean Passion: Haiti 1804* by artist Kimathi Donkor, was held in London to celebrate the bicentenary of Haiti's revolution.
* In 2010, author Isabel Allende wrote a historical novel entitled *Island Beneath the Sea*, which documents the Haitian Revolution through the eyes of a slave woman living on the island.
* William Dietrich set his 2012 novel, *The Emerald Storm* during the Haitian Revolution.
* The television mini-series *The Feast of All Saints* features the Haitian Revolution in its opening scene.
* Philippe Niang directed the 2012 French two-part television film *Toussaint Louverture*, with Jimmy Jean-Louis playing the title role.
* The film Top Five refers to a fictional film within the film called "Uprize", ostensibly about this revolution.
* The role of Bois Caiman, Boukman, and Vodou generally, would become the subject of a controversial, discredited neo-evangelical theology in the 1990s that insisted that Haiti was pledged to the devil during the Revolution.
* Jacobin, an American socialist periodical, uses an image of Toussaint Louverture for its logo.

## Yelkaama Mine Nang Be a Haitian Revolution

* *An Unbroken Agony: Haiti, From Revolution to the Kidnapping of a President*
* *Bug-Jargal*
* *The Crime of Napoleon*
* *The Black Jacobins*

## Meng kaa kyɛ

* Cécile Fatiman
* Charles Rivière-Hérard
* Dédée Bazile
* End of slavery in Haiti
* Faustin Soulouque
* Jean-François Papillon
* Joseph Balthazar Inginac
* Lamour Desrances
* Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité
* Marie-Jeanne Lamartinière
* Marie-Louise Coidavid
* Marie-Madeleine Lachenais
* Pauline Bonaparte
* Peace of Basel
* Philippe Guerrier
* Pompée Valentin Vastey
* Quasi War
* Suzanne Simone Baptiste Louverture
* Sanité Bélair
* War of the South
* Women in the Haitian Revolution

## Ziyiri mine
Library resources about

**Haitian Revolution**
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* Online books
* Resources in your library
* Resources in other libraries

## Nimitɔɔre kanno

* Baur, John. "International Repercussions of the Haitian Revolution." *The Americas* 26, no. 4 (1970).
* Blackburn, Robin. "Haiti, Slavery, and the Age of the Democratic Revolution", *William and Mary Quarterly* 63.4, 633–674 (2006)
* Fick, Carolyn. "The Haitian revolution and the limit of freedom: defining citizenship in the revolutionary era". *Social History*, Vol 32. No 4, November 2007
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* Geggus, David Patrick. *The Impact of the Haitian Revolution in the Atlantic World*. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press 2001. 
* Girard, Philippe. "Black Talleyrand: Toussaint Louverture's Secret Diplomacy with England and the United States," William and Mary Quarterly 66:1 (Jan. 2009), 87–124.
* Girard, Philippe. "Napoléon Bonaparte and the Emancipation Issue in Saint-Domingue, 1799–1803," French Historical Studies 32:4 (Fall 2009), 587–618.
* Joseph, Celucien L. *Race, Religion, and The Haitian Revolution: Essays on Faith, Freedom, and Decolonizatio*n (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012)
* Joseph, Celucien L. *From Toussaint to Price-Mars: Rhetoric, Race, and Religion in Haitian Thought* (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2013)
* Koekkoek, René (2020) The Citizenship Experiment Contesting the Limits of Civic Equality and Participation in the Age of Revolutions. Studies in the History of Political Thought
* Ott, Thomas O. *The Haitian Revolution, 1789–1804.* University of Tennessee Press, 1973.
* Peguero, Valentina. "Teaching the Haitian Revolution: Its Place in Western and Modern World History". *History Teacher* 32#1 (1998), pp. 33–41. online.
* Popkin, Jeremy D., *You Are All Free: The Haitian Revolution and the Abolition of Slavery* (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010)
* Jeffers, Jen (2016) 

## Ziiri mine liŋkiri
**Haitian Revolution**at Wikipedia's sister projects

* Media from Commons
* Quotations from Wikiquote
* Data from Wikidata

* The Louverture Project – a wiki about the history of Haiti (archived 3 November 2005)
* Archive on the History of the Haitian Independence Struggle 1791–1804 at marxists.org
* Haiti: History of Shaken Country – Video interview with historian Laurent Dubois
* Haiti Archives
* "Égalité for All: Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian Revolution". Archived 30 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Noland Walker. PBS documentary. 2009.
* France Urged to Pay $40 Billion to Haiti in Reparations for "Independence Debt" – video report by *Democracy Now!*
* The Other Revolution: Haiti, 1789–1804, digital exhibition from Brown University
* 15 Minutes History, UT at Austin
* Two Revolutions in the Atlantic World: Connections between the American Revolution and the Haitian Revolution Gilder Lehrman Center, Laurent Dubois.
* "Upheavals in France and Saint-Domingue" Archived 14 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine Brown University

## Sommo Yizie