Charles Alston

**Charles Henry Alston** nyɛla bɛ ni dɔɣi so Silimiin goli November biɛɣ'pihita ayi ka dali yuuni 1907 ka o daa kani 1977. O daa nyɛla American painter, sculptor, illustrator, muralist ni chicha ka daa bɛ New York City neighborhood of Haerlem n tum da. Alston daa nyɛla ŋun mali kpan maŋ pam zaŋ ti Harlem Renaissance. Alston daa nyɛ tuuli African-American supervisor zaŋ ti Works Progress Administration's Federal Arts Project. Alston daa nyɛ designed ka pɛɛnti murals diŋ bɛ Harlem Hospital ni Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Building. Yuuni 1990, Alston bust of Martin Luther King Jr. ka daa lan nyɛ tuuli African American ŋun anfooni tooi tabli bɛɛ n kpɛ White House.

## Biɛhigu

### Tuuli Biɛhigu
Charles Henry Alston nyɛla bɛ ni daa dɔɣi so silimin goli November bɛɣu pishi ni anii dali,  yuuni 1907 puuni, tiŋ yuli booni Charlotte, North Carolina, ka o laamba daa nyɛ Reverend Primus Priss Alston ni Anna Elizabeth(Miller) Alston, ŋuni n daa nyɛ kaluɣi bihi anu ni.  Bɛ bihi ata ko n daa niŋ nyɛvuli  :Charles, o tuzopaɣa Rousmaniere ni o biɛli Wendell. Bɛ daa doɣila o ba niŋ daabilim ni yuuni 1851 Pittsboro, North Carolina. Tobu maa ni daa tuhi naagi, o daa nyala ŋun chaŋ nti bohim karim baŋsim St. Augustine's College din be Raleigh la. O daa leela asɔri duu kpema ka daa kpa St. Michael's Episcopal Church , ka siliminsi daa nyɛ ban zoogi asɔri ŋo ni. Alston daa nyɛla bɛ ni buɣisi so ka o nyɛ "race man" dibahi bahindi o daa yila gbansabila ni siliminsi zuliyani la, o daa  zaŋ o nuuni baŋsim n soŋsi gban sabila.Reverend Alston daa nyɛla ŋun nya o paɣa maa dini daa niŋ ka o gba nyɛ karimbia shurI shɛli o ni daa chani maa. Charles daa nyɛla ŋun ba ti o yupaa n booni o "Spinky'.Yuuni 1910, Charles ni daa nya yuma ata, o ba daa nyɛla ŋun kani , ka di nyɛ gbali ni boɣu n daa tahi lala ŋo na. Tiŋ nima daa boonila o ba "Booker T. Washington of Charlotte".

Yuuni 1913, Anna Alston daa kulila Harry Bearden, Romare Bearden ŋahiba, di saha Charles mini Romare daa nyɛla dachahi. 

Alston ni daa nyɛ bia, o biɛli Wendell daa zooya ka o boori zilijinima ni loorinima  anfooninima ka di daa nyamdi Alston ni pam, ka o gba daa ti pa pili anfooninimaa boobu. Alston daa lahi zooya ka o mali yaɣiri n diɛmda , n meri North Carolina. O ninkurilim ni, o yɛliya ni o teeya o ni daa nyɛ bia " N daa yi bola yaɣiri niŋ boɣatinima  ni ka malli maani binyera. N tehiya ni dini n nye n tuuli ni kuli pili binyera mebu." O ma daa nyela ŋun gba goriti binyera pari nema zuɣu ka daa ti pa pili paintibu o ni daa paa yuun pihiyopion naanu. O ba gba daa mali baŋsim di yi kana boobu polo.

Yuuni 1915, Bearden/Alston daŋ maa daa nyɛla ban yi n labi New York, dama  silimin-gbaŋsabila pam daa nyɛla ban kuli yi n taɣi tinsi Great Migration la saha.  O ni daa be shikuru Manhattan, o anfooninima boobu baŋsim daa nyɛla niribi ni kuli yiɛri shɛli yɛla, ka bɛ daa puhi o ni o boogi karinzoŋ maa anfooninima zaa yuma ata sheli o ni daa kuli be ni maa.

Yuuni 1917, Harry ni Anna Bearden daa nyela ban doɣi bipuɣinbila, Aida C. Bearden ŋun daa ti kuli Lawrence Whisonant.

### Karim baŋsim bobu
Alston daa nyɛla ŋun karim yina DeWitt Clinton High School, luɣi shɛli o ni daa nye ŋun lihiri ka maani shikuru maa anfooninima niŋda poi ka di naa yi zaŋ wuhi salo. O daa lahi nyela ŋun be Arista-National Honor Society ka daa lahi bohim goribu bee boobu National Academy of Art asibiri asi biri shikuru la ni. O ni daa karim siɣisi yuuni 1925, o daa chaŋla Columbia University , ka Yale School of Fine Arts gba daa bori ni o kana bi karinzoŋ ni n ti tuɣi o karim baŋsim, amaa ka o daa bi saɣi chaŋ li.

O ni daa be Columbia, Alston daa kpe Alpha Phi Alpha, ka daa nyɛ ŋun tum tuma zaŋ kpa Columbia Daily Spectator polo, ka daa lahi boogi binyera zaŋti karinzoŋ maa anfooni kpanjoɣu ,bɛ  ni daa mi shiɛli jester la. Yuuni 1929, o daa karim siɣisi ka daa deegi Arthur Wesley Dow Fellowship ni o lahi bo baŋsim Teachers College, luɣi sheli o ni daa deegi o Master's shahira gbaŋ yuuni 1931.

### Biehigu
Yuuni 1942 ni 1943, Alston daa nyɛla ŋun be luɣishiɛli linjimanima ni tumda, Fort Huachuca din be Arizona. Silimin goli April 27, yuuni 1977, Alston daa nyela ŋun koŋ o nyevuli dini daa niŋ ka yoɣu kpe o ningbuna ni , chira nyaaŋa o paɣa ni daa koŋ o nyevuli ka di sababu chaŋ ti dolila lung cancer. O kuli daa nyela bini niŋ sheli St. Martins Episcopal Church din be New York City, silimin goli May 21, yuuni 1977.

## Tuma
O ni daa niŋdi o master's degree, Alston n daa nye ŋun lihiri ka tuma chani vienyela Utopia Children's House sheli James Lesesne Wells ni daa kpa la. O daa lahi nyela ŋun pili karimbihi wuhubu Harlem Community Art Center, din daa nye Augusta Savage ni daa kpa sheli, dini pa mi sheli Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture la. Alston daa lahi wuhiri Jacob Lawrence, ŋun daa nye yuun pia lala saha maa. Alain Locke ŋun daa niŋdi yeltoɣataɣimalisi daa zaŋ Alston milisi African art. 

## Tuma

* *A Force for Change*, group show, 2009, Spertus Museum, Chicago
* *Canvasing the Movement*, group show, 2009, Reginald F. Lewis Museum of Maryland African American History & Culture
* *On Higher Ground: Selections From the Walter O. Evans Collection*, group show, 2001, Henry Ford Museum, Michigan
* *Rhapsodies in Black: Art of the Harlem Renaissance*, group show, 1998, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
* *In the Spirit of Resistance: African-American Modernists and the Mexican Muralist School*, group show, 1996, The Studio Museum in Harlem, New York
* *Charles Alston: Artist and Teacher*, 1990, Kenkeleba Gallery, New York
* *Masters and Pupils: The Education of the Black Artist in New York*, 1986, Jamaica Arts Center, New York
* *Hundred Anniversary Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture*, 1975, Art Students League of New York, New York
* Solo exhibition, 1969, Huntington Hartford Gallery of Modern Art, New York.
* Solo exhibition, 1968, Fairleigh Dickinson University, New Jersey
* *A Tribute to Negro Artists in Honor of the 100th Anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation*, group show, 1963, Albany Institute of History and Art

## Tuma Kpanjoɣu

* Hampton University
* Harmon and Harriet Kelly Foundation for the Arts
* National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
* Kalamazoo Institute of Arts, Kalamazoo, Michigan
* National Gallery of Art
* Whitney Museum of American Art

## Kundivihira

## Kundinima

* Finkelman, Paul (2004). *Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance*. London: Routledge. .
* Henderson, Henry (1993). *A History of African-American Artists: From 1792 to the Present*. New York: Pantheon Books. .
* Patton, Sharon (1998). *African-American Art*. Oxford: Oxford University Press. .
* Pierce, Lemoine (2004). "Charles Alston – An Appreciation". *The International Review of African American Art* (4): pages 33–38.
* Schwartzman, Myron (1990). *Romare Bearden: His Life and Art*. New York: Abrams Books. .
* Wardlaw, Alvia J. (2007). *Charles Alston*. Petaluma, California: Pomegranate Communications. .

## Karimpahi

* Anonymous, "First portrait of an Africa-American on display at White House" *[[New York Amsterdam News]]*, March 2, 2000. Article about Alston's *Martin Luther King Jr.* at the White House.
* Catlin, Roger, "A Rare and Important Sculpture of Martin Luther King", January 15, 2016. Article about the importance of Alston's *Martin Luther King* bust by Smithsonian Magazine.
* Ascoli, Peter M, et al. *A force for change: African American art and the Julius Rosenwald Fund*. Chicago: Spertus Institute of Jewish Studies. 2009.  Book that documents the concept of and recipients of Rosenwald Funds.
* Barnwell, Andrea D.; Evans, Walter O.; Buick, Kristen; Mooney, Amy; Benjamin, Tritobia Hayes. *The Walter O. Evans collection of African American art.* Seattle:University of Washington Press. 2000.  Features work by Alston.
* Berman, G. (1977). "The Walls of Harlem". *Arts* magazine, 52 (2), pages 122–126. Discusses the impact of 306 and related artists.
* Brigham, D.R. (2008) Breaking the 'chain of segregation': The Pyramid Club annual exhibitions. *International Review of African American Art*, pages 2–17. These exhibitions featured work by Charles Alston.
* Cameron, A. (1999). "Buenos Vecinos: African-American printmaking and the Taller de Gráfica Popular". *Print Quarterly*, 16 (4), pages 356–367. The importance of 306 and the relationship these artists had to Latin American artists.
* Coker, G. G., & Jennings, C. L. (1994). *The Harmon and Harriet Kelley Collection of African American art*. San Antonio: San Antonio Museum of Art.  Exhibition catalog.
* Donaldson, J. R. (1974). *Generation '306' – Harlem, New Yor*k. Northwestern University. Chicago: Northwestern University. Dissertation about 306 with input from Alston himself.
* Dunitz, R and Prigoff, J. *Walls of heritage: walls of pride – African American murals.* Fullbridge: Pomegranate Europe Ltd. 2001.  Features Alston's murals.
* Glueck, Grace. "The best painter I can possibly be". *The New York Times*, 1968. Interview with Alston.
* Henderson, H., & Coker, G. G. (1990). Charles Alston: artist and teacher. New York: Kenkeleba Gallery. Exhibition catalog.
* Hodges, Bill. Gallery. "Charles "Spinky" Alston: Works of Art from 1936 to 1969", 2004. New York exhibition catalogue. 
* Langa, Helen. "Two antilynching art exhibitions: politicized viewpoints, racial perspectives, gendered constraints". *American Art*, 1999. 13 (1), pages 10–39. Politically charged article about lynching related artworks, includes Alston.
* Michael Rosenfeld Gallery. (1996). *African-American art: 20th century masterworks, III*. New York: Michael Rosenfeld Gallery. Exhibition catalog.

* he Charles Henry Alston Papers, 1924–1980 in the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
* Alston's work is used to teach children about family life and race 
* Digitized Works Progress Administration prints at Schomburg Center for Research in Black