Rebetiko

**Rebetiko** (, ), di zaɣ'bugu **rebetika** ( ), ka bɛ tooi lɛbigiri li **rembetiko** bee **rebetico**, nyɛla urban Greek yila din daa be yuuni 1930s. Rebetiko gbunni nyɛla "urban popular song of the Greeks", bal'lee "poorest" din daa yina bin din gbaai 19th century hali ni yuuni 1950s ka nyɛ "popular Greek" yila pili li. Yili shɛli niriba ni daa yɛn tam nyɛla bɛn daa tee shɛli yala "rebetika revival" din daa piligi yuuni 1960s ka daa tuɣi hali ni yuuni 1970s zaŋ chaŋ. 

Yuuni 2017 rebetiko nyɛla bɛn daa zaŋ shɛli pahi UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.

## Definition and etymology

Bachi ŋɔ  (plural ) nyɛla bachibuɣisirili din yina Greek word  (, ). Bachi ŋɔ  gbunni nyɛla din pa zaɣayini; tuuli baŋdiba ban yɛli bachi ŋɔ rebetiko gbunni, Elias Petropoulos mini Greek lexicographer Giorgos Babiniotis zaɣa nyɛla bɛn ti di gbunni koŋkoba. Bachi ŋɔ gbunni ni tuui yi shɛli na nyɛ "Greek-Latin dictionary published in Leiden, Holland" yuuni 1614 ni ka bachi ŋɔ  gbunni nyɛ 'wanderer', 'blind', 'misguided',.

## Musical bases
Saha ŋɔ niriba pam nyɛla ban nya rebetiko ka di nyɛ "single genre", yila yɛltɔɣa polo di nyɛla European music, yila zaŋ n-ti Greek mainland mini Greek islands, Greek Orthodox ecclesiastical chant nyɛla ban yɛli ni di nyɛla Byzantine music mini modal traditions of Ottoman art music (café yila).

### Melody and harmony

Rebetiko yila pam komsim nyɛla din doli  (, Greek for 'roads' or 'routes'; singular is  () zaɣa yini bee di zaɣa bɔbugu. Yuli zaŋ n-ti  nyɛla din yina yaɣa pam amaa ka di pam lee jɛndi Turkish modes, bɛn lahi mi shɛli *[[Turkish makam|makam]]*.

Din pahira, rebetiko yila nim pam nyɛla din chani ni chords binkumdi ŋmɛri nima din nyɛ "Western harmonic system".

Bɛn daa yɛn labi nii rebetiko kaya ni taada din be Greek mini Turkish yili yiindiba nyɛla din daa mali yɛltɔɣ'muɣisira. Di daliri shɛli su bɛn zaɣasi   yaɣili zaŋ n-ti rebetiko.

HRebetiko rock

## Rebetiko rock
**Rebetiko rock** nyɛla yila bal'shɛli din laɣindi rock music mini rebetiko. Hard rock mini Greek folk music gba nyɛla din pahiri rebetiko rock.

## Performers of rebetiko on 78 rpm recordings

Rita Abatzi.jpg|Rita Abatzi
George Batis.JPG|Yiorgos Batis

Anestis Delias rebetiko musician about 1933.jpg|Anestis Delias
Marika Ninou.jpg|Marika Ninou


## Discography
Rebetiko nyɛla bɛn niŋdi shɛli "Greece on CDs" ka bɛ niŋdi yomyom mali chani ti printira. Tum yuuni 1990s kalinli din galisi  CD maŋ nyɛla bɛn daa niŋ shɛli ka di nyɛ rebetiko taarihi.  Bɛn daa niŋ di shɛŋa maa daa nyɛla din be tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni bɛn yɛri siliminsili n-ti pahi tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni bɛn yɛri Greek. Di zaa daa nyɛla CDs. Lihimi "link section" din doli na ŋɔ ka wuhiri "Greek source of historic CDs".

* *Apostolos Hadzichristos – A Unique Greek Voice*, (4CD), JSP Records, 2011.
* *From Tambouras to Bouzouki The History and Evolution of the Bouzouki and its First Recordings (1926–1932)*, Orpheum Phonograph ORPH-01 , 2013.
* *Great Voices of Constantinople 1927–1933*, Rounder Records, 1997.
* *Greek-Oriental Rebetica-Songs & Dances in the Asia Minor Style:The Golden Years*, Arhoolie Records, 1991.
* *Greek Rhapsody – Instrumental Music from Greece 1905–1956*, (2CD & book) Dust-To-Digital DTD-27, 2013.
* *Marika Papagika – Greek Popular and Rebetic Music in New York 1918–1929*, Alma Criolla Records, 1994.
* *Markos Vamvakaris, Bouzouki Pioneer, 1932–1940*, Rounder Records, 1998.
* *Markos Vamvakaris, Master of Rembetika – Complete Recordings 1932–1937, plus selected recordings 1938*, (4CD), JSP Records, 2010
* *Mortika – Rare Vintage Recordings from a Greek Underworld*, ARKO records, Uppsala, 2005. CD and book, also issued as 2LP box by Mississippi Records, 2009.
* *Mourmourika: Songs of the Greek Underworld*, Rounder Records, 1999.
* *My Only Consolation: Classic Pireotic Rembetica 1932–1946*, Rounder Records, 1999.
* *Rembetica: Historic Urban Folk Songs From Greece*, Rounder Records, 1992.
* *Rembetika: Greek Music from the Underground*, JSP Records, 2006.
* *Rembetika 2: More of the Secret History of Greece's Underground Music*, JSP Records, 2008.
* *Rebetiki Istoria*, EMIAL-Lambropoulos, Athens 1975–76 – LP series in six volumes, later also issued on cassettes and CDs.
* *Roza Eskenazi – Rembetissa*, Rounder Records, 1996.
* *The Rough Guide to Rebetika*, World Music Network, 2004.
* *Vassilis Tsitsanis – All the pre-war recordings*, 1936–1940 (5CD), JSP Records, 2008.
* *Vassilis Tsitsanis – The Postwar Years 1946–1954*, (4CD), JSP Records, 2009.
* *Women of Rembetica*, Rounder Records, 2000.
* *Women of Rembetika*, (4CD), JSP Records, 2012.
* Various – *The Diaspora Of Rembetiko*, Network Medien, (2CD), compilation, 2004

## Lihimi m-pahi
*Byzantine music
*Hasapiko
*Mangas
**[[Rembetiko (film)|Rembetiko]]* – a film by Costas Ferris
*Syrtaki – fast version of Hasapiko

## Notes





## Kundivihira

## Tooni karimbu
* Katharine Butterworth & Sara Schneider, eds. *Rebetika – Songs from the Old Greek Underworld*. Athens: Aiora Press, 2014.
* Stathis Damianakos. *Κοινωνιολογία του Ρεμπέτικου*, 2nd edn. (“The Sociology of Rebetiko”). Athens: Plethron, 2001.
* Stathis Gauntlett. ‘Between Orientalism and Occidentalism: The contribution of Asia Minor refugees to Greek popular song, and its reception’, in: *Crossing the Aegean: an appraisal of the 1923 compulsory population exchange between Greece and Turkey*, ed. R. Hirschon, Berghahn, Oxford & New York, 247–260, 2003.
* .
* Stathis Gauntlett, ‘The Diaspora Sings Back: Rebetika Down Under’, in: *Greek Diaspora and Migration since 1700*, ed. Dimitris Tziovas. Ashgate, 2009.
* Manos Hatzidakis, *Ερμηνεία και θέση του ρεμπέτικου τραγουδιού* (*The interpretation and position of rebetiko song*, in Greek), 1949.
* Gail Holst-Warhaft, *Road to rembetika: music from a Greek sub-culture, songs of love, sorrow and hashish*. Athens: Denise Harvey & Company,.

* Nikos Kotarides, *Ρεμπέτες και ρεμπέτικο τραγούδι* (*Rebetes and rebetiko song*). Athens: Plethron, 1996.
* Dionysis Maniatis, *Η εκ περάτων δισκογραφία γραμμοφώνου* (*I Ek Peraton Diskografia Grammofonou – The complete gramophone discography*), Athens 2006.

* Panagiotis Kounades, *Εις ανάμνησιν στιγμών ελκυστικών* (“In memory of charming moments”). Athens: Katarti, 2000.
* Nikos Ordoulidis, "The Greek popular modes", in: *British Postgraduate Musicology* 11 (December 2011).
* Risto Pekka Pennanen, "The Nationalisation of Ottoman Popular Music in Greece", in: *Ethnomusicology*, vol. 48, no. 1 (Winter 2004), pp.&nbsp;1–25.
* Elias Petropoulos, *Rebetika: songs from the Old Greek Underworld*, translated by John Taylor, illustrated by Alekos Fassianos. London: Alcyon Art Editions, 1992. .
* David Prudhomme, *Rébétiko (La mauvaise herbe)*, Futuropolis, 2009. .
* John Taylor, ‘The Rebetic Songs’, in: *[[Maledicta]]*, vol. 5, nos. 1–2 (Summer-Winter 1981), pp.&nbsp;25–30.
* Markos Vamvakaris, *Autobiography*. Trans. Noonie Minogue and published by Greeklines.

## External links

*Markos Vamvakaris Autobiography for the first time in English
*A unique live recording of Markos Vamvakaris
*Se ''Xrono Rebetiko Kai Laiko'' (Audio file) A weekly syndicated Greek radio show on Rebetika hosted by ''Photi Sotiropoulos'' and written by Vlassis Kokonis
*Rebetiko On-line Offers a brief introduction in Greek and English, and a large photo collection. Listening facility at present disabled (7th Jan 2010)
*Rembetiko Forum A forum about the Rebetiko Music with many discussions containing valuable information.
*Tous aux Balkans: Rebetiko songs lyrics and videos, further useful links
*Original History of Greek rebetico An official introduction in Greek, of Rebetico history
*Rebetiko and folk music wiki (in Greek)
* Listen to an example of Rebeticka from Australia on australianscreen online