African Continental Free Trade Area

**African Continental Free Trade Area** (**AfCFTA**) nyɛla daabilgu yooli niŋbu din zooi ka di be Africa. Yuuni 2018 ka **African Continental Free Trade Agreement** nima daa pili li, din mali paati pihinahi ni ata ni nudihiriba pia ni yini, ka di nyɛ daabiligu yoli yaɣili din galisi di yi kana ban be din ni polo, World Trade Organization nu yi yi, ka mali salo pam mini tiŋgbani pam, di mali paa niribai 1.3 billion n -gili dunia yaɣa din gali ka do buyi ni.

Di  saɣi ti AfCFTA nyɛla African Union (AU) ni daa saɣiti shɛli ka bɛ tiŋgbana ban be din ni pihinahi ni anahi pihini ni anu puuni  daa dihi gbana ni Kigali, Rwanda silimiin goli 21 March 2018.  Lala gbaabu ŋɔ daa niŋ shili ni di tam kalinli zuɣu bɛ ni daa saɣoiti li biɛɣu pihita nyaaŋa tiŋsi pishi ni ayi niya puuni. Silimiin goli 29 April 2019, Saharawi Republic daa dihi nuu din pahiri 22nd,ka lala gbaabu ŋɔ daa tam kalinli zuɣu silimiin goli May 30; di daa pili la tuma laɣingu din daa niŋ silimiin goli 7 July 2019, ka daa pili ni yɛlimaŋli silimiin goli 1 January 2021. AfCFTA's laɣim gbaai mini tuma tumbu nyɛla tuma duu din be Accra, Ghana ni yuuni shɛli.

Laɣim gbaai ŋɔ ni, ban be AfCFTA kpuɣi la niya ni bɛ yihi farigu yuma din gbaai 5, 10, bee 13 years, tiŋgbani maa lɛbiginsim mini di nɛma ni yan wuhi shɛm. Bɛ dahinsheli ha niya nima shɛŋa n-nyɛ bɛ nam single, liberalised market; ka di tooi tabiri soŋdi daabiligu; ka chɛ ka tiŋgbana mɛra; ka lahi chɛ ka laɣim tum be tiŋgbana sunsuuni. Bɛ niya zaɣi kpani n-nyɛ AfCFTA yan tahi la lɛbiginsim na biɛhigu ni,ka baligi fakari, ka kpaŋsi daabilgu.

United Nations Economic Commission for Africa buɣisiya ni AfCFTA yan kpaŋsi la daabiligu gbansabila sunsuuni "52 percent" zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 2022. Lahabali din yina World Bank wuhiya ni AfCFTA ni tooi yihi niriba 30 million fakari ni gbansabila tiŋgbani ni, ka duhi niriba 70 million ariziki zuɣusaa, ka ni tooi nya liɣiri kamani $450 billion zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 2035. Silimiin goli January 13, 2022, AfCFTA daa kpuɣi sochibi karili zaŋ chaŋ "Pan-African Payments and Settlements System (PAPSS)" zaibu polo, din ni tooi soŋsi ka tuun zuɣiri din be Africa ni tooi  zaŋ liɣiri din nyɛ bɛ ya dini n yo yori. 

## Taarihi

### Piligu
Yuuni 1963, Organization of African Unity nyɛla "independent states of Africa" ni daa kpa shɛli. OAU mali la niya ni di kpaŋsi laɣim tum gbansabili tiŋsi. 1980 Lagos Plan of Actionnyɛla laɣingu ŋɔ gba ni daa deei shɛli. Lala "plan" ŋɔ buɣisiya ni Africa ni bɛ baligi bɛ mini sambani nima tumbu ka kpaŋsi bɛ maŋ susnuuni daabiligu. Din bɔŋɔ pili mi ni laɣim tum laɣinsi kpabu gbansabila tiŋgbani ni, kamaniSouthern African Development Coordination Conference. Yɛlimaŋli din bɔŋɔ n tahi Abuja nima laɣim tum na yuuni 1991, Din nam African Economic Community, laɣingu din kpaŋsiri daabiligu yoli,farigu dɛhibu laɣinsi, African Central Bank, n-ti pahi African common currency union.

Yuuni 2002, OAU nyɛla African Union (AU) ni daa kana ti zani shɛli zaani, nin gba daa mali niya ni di  "laɣim daabiligu lala yaɣili ŋɔ".  Niya din daa pahi buyi daa nyɛ mi  "ni bɛ laɣim mali zalisi din be saha ŋɔ mini tooni tiŋgbani yaɣili daabiligu tiŋsi ka di tooi soŋ ka laɣingu ŋɔ niya pali."

### Shaawara nima

Yuuni 2012 African Union summit din daa niŋ Addis Ababa, kpamba daa gbaai mi ni bɛ kpa "Continental Free Trade Area" palli zaŋ chaŋ yuuniby 2017. 2015 AU summit din daa niŋ Johannesburg,laɣingu ŋɔ daa laɣim gbaai ni bɛ tuma. Bɛ daa pili ŋɔ ni shaawara ʒia bini pia din daa niŋ yuma ata din daa pa taba.

Tuuli shaawara gbaabu daa niŋ la silimiin goli February 2016 ka ʒini laɣingu bu nii ka  Summit daa naan yi niŋ silimiin goli March 2018 Kigali tiŋgbani ni. Bini din gbaai silimiin goli February 2017 ban tumdi tabiibi yaɣili daa ʒini laɣinsi dibaa anahi, ka bɛ daa lihi jɛndi tabiibi yaɣa din bɔri malibu ka daa sabili niŋ gbaŋ ni. Silimiin goli March 8–9, 2018 African Union Ministers of Trade daa saɣiti di malibu.

### 2018 Kigali Summit

Silimiin goli March 2018, "10th Extraordinary Session of the African Union" zaŋ jɛndi AfCFTA, shaawara balibu buta ka bɛ daa saɣiti:  African Continental Free Trade Agreement, Kigali Declaration ; n-ti pahi Protocol on Free Movement of Persons . Zaligu din nyɛ niriba gom bɛ yubu nyɛla din niya nyɛ deei visa-free zone yoli AfCFTA tiŋgbana ni, ka soŋsi African Union Passport.  Summit din daa niŋ Kigali silimiin goli 21 March 2018, tiŋsi 44 n-daa saɣiti AfCFTA, 47 mi daa saɣiti "Kigali Declaration", ka 30 mi saɣiti zaligu din nyɛ sokam gom o yubu.  Di nasara deebu ni, tiŋ gahinda dibaa ayi daa beni: Nigeria mini South Africa, daabiligu yaɣ'kara dibaa ayi din be Africa.

Yɛlimuɣisiri yini din daa niŋ tɔm n-daa nyɛ ni Africa pun nyɛla din piri n-ti daabigu bayana niŋbu yaɣa dibaa anii, ka di yini kam mali di zalisi.

### Drafting of further protocols
Shaawara daa tuɣi ya yuuni 2018 buyi ni, ni zalikpana zaŋ ku bukaata, kompatiisa mini haŋkali tuma. Silimiin goli January 2020, AU Assembly shaawara nima daa nyɛ doosheei. Sabiri shɛli January 2020 AU Assembly ni daa bɔra.

## Tuma  du zuɣiri
Tuma du zuɣiri din doli ŋɔ na daa kpa mi ni di  yuli ka daabiligu niŋ bayana. Laɣingu din daa ʒini buyi la zuɣu di ni tooi niŋ ka bɛ kpa komitii nima pahi n doli zaligu.

AfCFTA tuma duu n yan su shaawara din laɣim gbaai zaŋ tum tuma ka nyɛ din ka yaɣili AU system. Amaa di ni mali ʒingama zuɣu suhuyurilim, di yan tumdi mi ni "AU Commission" ka deeri di laɣi dibo AU.Council of Ministers ban su daabiligim n yan wuhiri tuma du zuɣu, mɛbu, tuma.
Assembly of the African Union Heads of State and Government n yan nyɛ shaawara du zuɣu. Bɛ ni tooi laɣim taba AU Summits. "Council of Ministers Responsible for Trade" tiri daabiligu sochibi suma ka kpaŋsiri  ka di tumdi tuma n-tiri AfCFTA ni saɣiti shɛli.

Komitii nima pam nyɛla din kpa, n-ti daabiligu din jɛndi nɛma nima, daabiligu tuma, ni di pilgu zalisi, daabilgu yɛlimuɣisira mali zali, din pa farigu so gura, tabiibi so gubo ni daabiligu mini sabita ti pahi "phytosanitary measures". Shintona kubu zalisi mini di soya nyɛla bɛ ni na zamdi shɛli, amaa bɛ ni kpa nam shintona goobu yaɣili. "Committee of Senior Trade Officials" m-mali Council ni gbaai shɛli n-tumdi tuma. Komitii  maa n-su laɣinsi lɛbiginsim mini niya din nyɛ nimmohi ni di tum tuma n-ti AfCFTA ni saɣiti shɛli.

## Tuma zaŋ tum

AfCFTA nyɛla din niŋ shili ni di pu bubɔbigu, ka lala pubu ŋɔ shɛŋa na be shaawara ni. Tuuli yaɣili jɛndi la nɛma nima mini daabiligu tuma nima. Ka yaɣili din pahiri buyi jɛndi "intellectual property rights, investment and competition policy". Yaɣili III jɛndi la E-Commerce.

Yuuni 2018 Kigali summit ni, bɛ ni daa gbaai shɛŋa n-daa nyɛ daabiligu zalisi, shintona goobu, laɣim tum, daabilgu zugu lihibu, n-ti pahi rules of origin. Bɛ daa lahi gbaai ni bɛ booi farigu vaabu  90% nɛma yaɣili. Tiŋgbani kam mali soli ni di yihi vaabu 3% nɛma din be lala shaawara ŋɔ ni. Din bɔŋɔ daa be la yaɣili tuuli gbaabu ni. Yaɣili tuuli yɛltɔɣa din na be gbaaibu ni n-nyɛ farigi mini yɛltɔɣa gahinda din pahi.

"12th Extraordinary Session of the African Union" n-ti AfCFTA nyɛla bɛ ni daa ti shɛba soli ni bɛ tooi nam yaɣi palli, ka di daa niŋ Niamey silimiin goli 7 July 2019. Lala lonchibu ŋɔ ni, binyɛra dibaa anu din  yan gbubi AfCFTA daa tam kanli zuɣu: "the rules of origin; the online negotiating forum; the monitoring and elimination of non-tariff barriers; a digital payment system; and the African Trade Observatory."

Yaɣili II mini III shaawara nima tu mi ni  AU tiŋgbana zaa n laɣim gbaai li. Silimiin goli February 2020, "AU Assembly of Heads of State and Government " daa gbaai ya ni yaɣili III nyɛla din yan pili di yi kuli niŋ ka yaɣili shaawara nima naai, bɛ ni daa gbaai ni bɛ naai shɛli silimiin goli December 2020. Amaa, lala dabisili ŋɔ daa bi tooi niŋ pirim la COVID-19 pandemic in Africa, zuɣu ka bɛ daa gbaai dabisi palli zali (December 31, 2021) ni bɛ naai yaɣili II mini III shaawara nima. AfCFTA nyɛla bɛ ni daa saɣiti shɛli zaɣa zaa silimiin goli January 1, 2021.

## Ban be din ni

Tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu di be AU (AU member states) puuni, 44 dihi la African Continental Free Trade Agreement (consolidated text) gbana ni, 47 dihi la Kigali Declaration ka 30 dihi ti zaligu din jɛndi niriba gobu bɛ yubu yuuni 2018 Kigali Summit ni daa ti yan naai.  Benin, Botswana, Eritrea, Guinea-Bissau, Nigeria, ni Zambia daa be la ban daa bɛ saɣiti lala gbaabu ŋɔ piligu ha.  Yuuni 2018 Kigali summit nyaaŋa, bɛ daa zaŋ nuu dihibu nima pam m-pahi AfCFTA.  31st African Union Summit din daa niŋ Nouakchott silimiin goli 1 July 2018, South Africa (daabiligu tiŋ'karili din pahiri buyi Africa), Sierra Leone, Namibia, Lesotho mini Burundi daa kpe lala gbaabu ŋɔ ni.  Silimiin goli February 2019, Guinea-Bissau, Zambia n-ti pahi Botswana gba daa kpe din ni. Kenya mini Ghana n-daa nyɛ tuuli tiŋ'shɛŋa di saɣi lala gbaabu ŋɔ, silimiin goli 10 May 2018. 

Ban daa dihi nuu ŋɔ ni, 22 tu mi ni bɛ zaŋ nɛma din wuhiri bɛ saɣiti ka din naanyi niŋ tabata, ka din bɔŋɔ daa niŋ silimiin goli 29 April 2019 di ni daa niŋ ka Sierra Leone mini Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic zaŋ bɛ saɣibu ti. Din zuɣu, biɛ`gu pihita nyaaŋa gbaabu maa daa pili tuma silimiin goli  30 May 2019. Lala saha ŋɔ, Nigeria ko (yaɣili maa daabiligu tiŋkarili), Eritrea n-ti pahi Benin bɛ dihi gbana ni. 

Nigeria tiŋgbani zuɣulana Muhammadu Buhari daa ka niya ni o kpe AfCFTA, ka o dabiɛm nyɛla din tooi dam Nigeria daabiligu mini tuma du zuɣiri, ka laɣinsi shɛba daa sa o kpani o ni zaɣisi li maa kamni Manufacturers Association of Nigeria  ni  Nigeria Labour Congress. Nigeria gɔmnanti daa kpuɣi niya ni o niŋ shaawara ni ban niŋdi daabiligu din yan niŋ ka ʒingama daabiligu nima gba saɣiti li, dama yɛlikpɛŋ daa nyɛla  amii lala gbaabu ŋɔ ni gu ka taɣi nɛma din yi sambani daa ni doni tiŋa. Silimiin goli July 2019, chira be la nyaaŋa bɛ ni daa labi piigi o, Buhari daa taɣi deei Africa free trade 12th extraordinary session of the assembly of the union din jɛndi AfCFTA.

Lala ʒia ŋɔ ni, Beningba daa saɣiti lala deebu ŋɔ, ka che Eritrea ka di ko kpalim 55 African Union Member States din bi saɣiti lala gbaabu ŋɔ.  Eritrea daa bi tooi kpe din ni tuuli ka di nyɛla tɔbu n-lu bɛ ya, amaa 2018 peace agreement gbaabu din daa be Ethiopia mini Eritrea sunsuni daa ku zabili ŋɔ ka lahi nyahi Eritrean so gubo zaŋ chaŋ daabiligu yoli saɣiti.

Zaŋ chaŋ May 2022, 54 n sagiti li, ka vaabu 43 (80%) zaŋ di saɣiti nɛma n-ti.   Yaha, tiŋ'yini (Somalia) daa naai bɛ saɣiti, amaa ka daa na bi zaŋ bɛ saɣibu nɛma n-ti silimiin goli May 2020.  Eritrea ko m-be AU member state ka na bɛ saɣiti li zaŋ kana yuuni 2019.

### List of signatories and parties to the agreement

## Kundivihira