Benin Tahaʒari

***Benin Tahaʒɛri*** nyɛla kuri paɣa mini bin kpɛri shɛŋa din n laɣim taba m bo nachinsi n dihi Benin Nayili, din pa n-nyɛ *Edo State*, Nigeria. Lala *metal plaques* nima ŋɔ nyɛla *Guild of Benin Bronze Casters* nima, ban pa m be *Igun Street* puuni ŋɔ, din nyɛ bɛ ni lahi m booni shɛli ni *Igun-Eronmwon Quarters* la ni daa yi m malindi shɛli. Lala binyɛra ŋɔ n daa yi n laɣim taba n nam *Benin art* Shɛhira shɛŋa ŋan ne n doya kashi ka daa yi n-nyɛ yuuni *fourteenth century* la *artists* ban daa n-nyɛ Edo niriba la ni daa m maali shɛŋa .  Lala *plaques* ŋɔ, Edo balli nima ni m booni shɛli ni *Ama* la,  yi nyɛla din n wuhiri luɣ'shɛŋa bee n ʒeya n-tiri yɛlkpana lala Nayili maa taarihi puuni  .  Lala *plaques* nima ŋɔ nyaaŋa, *sculptures* shɛŋa ŋan m be *brass* bee *bronze* puuni nima n-nyɛ *portrait heads*, *jewellery* (tib'kpariti, baŋsi, nintuhi, ni ŋan n pahi pahi), n ti pahi *smaller pieces.*

*Sculptures* shɛŋa ŋan n-tiri suhupiɛlli ŋɔ zooya ka di nyɛla yuuni fourteenth century la dina, amaa ka di zaɣ'bɔbigu mii zooi ka di nyɛ yuuni fifteenth mini sixteenth centuries la puuni dina. Vihigu wuhiya ni "*Golden Ages*" dibaa ayi din m be Benin kuriti tuun'baŋsim puuni nyɛla din daa n yina *Esigie*  1550) mini  Eresoyen (1735–1750) nima nam saha puuni saha shɛli bɛ tuun'baŋsim ni daa n zani di naba ayi zuɣu la.

Lala *plaque* nima ŋɔ pam mini binyɛra shɛŋa daa nyɛla gbanpiɛlla la ni daa n va shɛŋa *Benin Expedition of 1897* saha la puuni n chaŋ pirimila bɛ mini  ban n daa m be *Southern Nigeria* nima dimba la ni daa n-nyɛ yim la zuɣu. Lala so'chandiba ŋɔ  daa nyɛla ban n tumdi n doli gbanpiɛlla ŋɔ zalisi ni bɛ bɔhi biɛri n-ti ban gbanpiɛlla ŋɔ ninvuɣ'shɛba mini bɛ Africa tuumba shɛba bɛ ni daa n-tim na silimin gɔli January yuuni 1897 puuni ka bɛ daa ti n koŋ bɛ nyavuya la zuɣu. Shikuru baŋdi'shɛba kamani  *Dan Hicks*, daa nyɛla ŋɔ yɛli ni lala *expedition* nima maa zaa daa nyɛla din n pahi bɛ shɛ'shɛŋa bɛ ni daa n mali ka n nuɣisi n lɛbi fitiina bee nahingu ni bɛ zaŋ n liri Africa n ti zaŋ bɛ European sulinsi m biri ka n dehi daabiligu anfaani nima shɛŋa ŋa m be ni.  Bɛ daa n zaŋla lala expedition ŋɔ n va two hundred pieces n tahi *British Museum* din m be London puuni la ka zaŋ ŋan n kpalim maa mii zaa n tahi European museums ŋan n kpalim la gba nima mii puuni    Di nyɛla din n zooi pam British Museum puuni ka naain n yi che din gba m-be m-be Germany mini United States shɛŋa ŋan m mali yuya la nima puuni.

Yuuni 19th-century la nyaaŋa shikuru baŋdiba  *O. M. Dalton* mini *Charles Hercules Read* nima ban daa deei n bahindila bɛ yiligu ni lala Benin knowledge of *metallurgy* ŋɔ daa nyɛla din n yi *Portuguese* daabihi shɛba ban mini Benin nima maa daa pun n-niŋ ningbuna ni taba *early modern period* la puuni ka lala yɛligu ŋɔ daa nyɛ din bi n tam kanli zuɣu. Benin nayili din daa pun nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Africa shɛba ban nina daa pun n nehi nima ni daa m be shɛli n yuui pɔi ka Portuguese daabihi daa naain n chaŋ nimaani, Hali gba bronze nima daa pun nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni daa pun n malindi shɛli Benin pɔi ka Portuguese nima maa daa naain n yi chaŋ nimaani.  Bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni Benin bronze sculpture tradition la nyɛla bɛ ni yɛli ni shɛli daa n yila *Kingdom of Ife* din m be southwest Nigeria nayili kurili shɛli din daa m baɣi ba la puuni na. 

Ŋanima zaɣibɔbigu n laɣim taba ka bɛ boli li Benin Bronzes, kamani West Africa nima "*bronzes*" pam, di zaɣibilima nyɛla bɛ ni n maali shɛli *brass* ŋa nyɛ *variable composition* la puuni.  Di shɛŋa gba beni ka bɛ zaŋla *bronze* mini *brass*, *wood*, *ceramic*, n ti pahi *ivory* ni nɛ'shɛŋa ŋa m pahi pahi n gabi taba n maali ŋanima. Di kuriti yaɣa maa daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n zaŋ  lost-wax casting n maali shɛŋa ka ŋanima nyɛ din m pahi Africa *sculptures* shɛŋa bɛ ni zaŋ lala soli (*technique*) ŋɔ n mali ka di mali nintiɣili. Yuuni 15th century la bahigu puuni ka Benin nima daa n pilil ivory, naanzuwa n ti pahi daba kuhibu daabiligu ni Portuguese nima ka daa lahi n zaŋ *manillas* (brass ingots kamani baŋsi laasabu la ka nyɛ bɛ daa n da shɛli Portuguese nima maa sani)  n pahi ka di nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni n yihiri bee n nyari kuriti n malindi bɛ *sculpture*. Lala manillas' brass shɛli bɛ ni daa n yɛli ni shɛli daa tuui n yina The Netherlands la pa nyɛla bɛ ni lahi n yɛli ni shɛli pa nyɛla din n yi *Rhineland* region of Germany nima sani na.   
## Taarihi
Di nambu mini di tuma biɛhigu puuni 

Lala dramatic sculptures ŋɔ shɛŋa pam nyɛla din daa n yina yuuni thirteenth century la puuni ka di zaɣ'bɔbigu pam mi daa n yina yuuni fifteenth mini sixteenth centuries la puuni. Vihigu wuhiya ni "*Golden Ages*" ŋɔ dibaa ayi din m be Benin kuriti tuun'baŋsim puuni la nyɛla din daa n yina Esigie (fl. 1550) mini Eresoyen (1735–1750) nima saha puuni, dini daa n-niŋ ka bɛ baŋsim zaŋ kpa bɛ tuma polo la daa n zani di naba ayi zuɣu. 

Lala Benin nayili ŋɔ nyɛla din n deegi din pa n-nyɛ Nigeria ŋɔ *southern* yaɣa la bin din daa n gbaai yuuni fourteenth la mini nineteenth centuries la nima puuni, daa nyɛla din n mali *sculptures* pam ka ŋa nɛn'shɛŋa kam bɛ ni zaŋ n maali kamani *iron*, *bronze*, *wood*, *ivory* n ti pahi *terra cotta* nima nyɛ din n gahim n yi di ko. *Oba* nayili shɛli din m be Benin City puuni ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni n malindi *royal* ancestral altars la n daa lahi n-nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni  daa yi n niŋdi *court ceremonial life* shɛli *Oba of Benin*, o tɔb'bihi, nanima mini ban mali zaashehi, tindaanba, ninvuɣ'shɛba ban m be nayili maa laɣinsi puuni, tinduya puuni daabihi mini mercenaries, n ti pahi n tumdi n tiri niriba ka bɛ yori ba ni ban n chani nayili maa nima ni mali nuu timbu shɛli puuni. Lala nayili ŋɔ daa nyɛla din laɣim yiya gbaliŋ n gili di sheeni ka daa lahi n-nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni daa yi mali *rectangular brass plaques* din anfooni me n ŋmahim ninvuɣ'shɛba mini yɛl'shɛŋa din che ka court maa ŋmani binvuhirili la bin kɔbiga kɔbiga. 

*Bronze* mini *ivory* binyɛra tumtumsa galiya pam Benin nayili yɛl'maana mini di kootu biɛhigu puuni. Di tuma daa na nyɛla bɛ ni daa na n mali li n dihiri nayili maa nachinsi ka di daa nyɛ din n mali bronze tuma pam ŋa puuni. Bɛ daa yi n kpahila kuusanima n sa n sa nayili ŋɔ pilanima zuɣu ka zaŋ ŋanima n yili yili li.  Bɛ kootu maa kali soli zuɣu yɛlkpani daa nyɛmi ni bɛ paɣi ka simsi lala bɛ Oba duuma ŋɔ , bɛ naa ŋun gahim ka yi o ko, n ti pahi o nam timsim taarihi bee ni bɛ paɣi ka n simsi *Iyoba of Benin* (*the queen mother*).  *Art*, di yi ti kana Benin nayili polo, di nyɛla din mali balibu pam amaa ka ŋanima zaa puuni *bronze* mini *brass reliefs* n ti tabili Na'zuɣiri nima mini *queen mothers* nima dina n-nyɛ niriba pam ni n mi shɛŋa yɛla. Bɛ ni zaŋ *bronze* n maali ŋman'shɛŋa, buɣliŋbuɣliŋ nima, *ornaments*, *jewellery* (tikpariti, cheeni nima, nintuhi, baŋsi, ni ŋa n pahi), n ti pahi binyɛr'shɛŋa bɛ ni mali m maani yɛli maana zaa malila dimaŋa bee nachinsi nɛma nahingbana mini binmaŋa ŋanima puuni n wuhiri bɛ n maali ŋanima kpaŋmaŋa di bahi m bahindi *figurative* tum'shɛŋa din m be *bronze* mini *ivory carvings* ni gari ŋanima zuɣu maa zaa yoli.

Africa tingbani puuni, tuma din n yi Benin na wuhiya ni bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni *the technique of lost-wax casting* la daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa pun n daŋ n maali shɛli. Di yi daa ti n-niŋ ka tiŋ'naa kani, na'so ŋun daa yɛn n ʒini gbana maa zuɣu n daa yɛn n puhi ka bɛ maali *bronze* zuɣu n-ti lala naa maa. Lala *sculptures* nima kalinli ŋan n yiɣisi kɔbiga ni pisopɔin na nyɛla din m beni ka naain n yi che din gba na beni ka nyɛ yuuni twelfth century la puuni dina.  Lala Oba ŋɔ, bee tiŋ'naa, nuu n yi m pa nɛn'shɛŋa din nyabu yi n to n-ti ba kamani salima nima, elephant tusks, n ti pahi bronze nima la zuɣu. Lala tiŋ'nanima ŋɔ kpaŋmaŋa puuni ka bɛ tooi n malindi *splendid Benin bronzes*; dinbɔŋɔ wuhiya ni lala *royal courts* nima ŋɔ kpaŋmaŋa tohibunima puuni ka sub-Saharan *art* yina n ti niŋ katari. Yuuni 1939 la puuni, zuɣ'shɛŋa din nyɛ yim kamani Benin tiŋ'nayili ŋɔ dini la daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n nya shɛli Ife, din nyɛ Yoruba nima tiŋ'shɛli din gahim n niŋ kashi la puuni. Lala niŋsim ŋɔ daa n niŋla yuuni fourteenth mini yuuni fifteenth centuries la nima puuni. Di daa nyɛla din n-niŋ n dalim bɛ kaya yɛlkurili shɛli bɛ ni daa n gbubi ni Ife *artist* nima n wuhi Benin nima bronze kuriti maalibu soya.  *Recognition of the antiquity of the technology* ban m be Benin nima ni daa ti m baŋ lala *technology* ŋɔ taarihi yɛla, bɛ daa n-tila tooni m malind lala *sculptures* nima n jɛndiri di saha nima.

### ''European interest and the Benin Expedition of 1897''

Africa nima *art* Shɛhira bela daa nyɛla Europeans nima ni daa pun n laɣim shɛli pɔi ni yuuni nineteenth century la puuni, di bahi m bahindi European nima ni daa pun n yihi bukunima na ka di daa n mali Benin City mini of the oba's palace bin din gbaai yuuni 1600s la ha mali chana anfooni nima di puuni maa zaa yoli. Yuuni nineteenth century la piligu puuni saha shɛli *colonization* mini *missionary* tuma ni daa n pilila ko puuni ka bɛ daa pili n kpuɣiri Africa nima kpaŋmaŋa tuma pam n mali n tahiri Europe, ka daa mali ŋanima m booni ni *simple curiosities of* "*pagan*" *cults*. Lala bɛ biɛhigu ŋɔ daa nyɛla din n taɣi lala Benin Expedition of 1897 maa ni daa n-niŋ n naagi. 

Yuuni 1897 la puuni, bɛ ni m boli so ni vice consul general la, *James Robert Phillips*, ka o daa n-nyɛ *Niger Coast Protectorate*, n ti n tabili gbanpiɛla ninvuɣ'timsa bɛ baa ayobu, daabihi bɛ baa ayi, ban n lɛbigiri yɛltɔɣa,  n ti pahi *215 porters*, daa nyɛla ban kpuɣi napɔŋ n doli *small port of* Sapele, Nigeria, n chaŋ Benin  Niiya shɛli zuɣu bɛ ni daa n kpuɣi lala napɔŋ ŋɔ daa nyɛla zabili zuɣu. Lala niriba ŋɔ niiya daa nyɛmi ni bɛ mini Oba of Benin ŋɔ daa n gbaagi bee n di fiila, amaa taarihi shɛŋa gba wuhiya ni di daa n nyɛla *reconnaissance mission* shɛli bɛ ni daa n kpuɣi ka suhudoo laɣingu chandi la din daa kuli yɛn n che ka bɛ yihi bɛ tiŋ'naa *king (Oba) of Benin* gbana zuɣu.   Bɛ daa nyɛla ban n yɛli bɛ chandi maa daliri tɔ amaa bɛ daa yɛli ba mi ni shee bɛ na n guhi pɔi ni ka che zino bi kpɛri bɛ tiŋa maa ni saha shɛli bɛ ni na n maani bɛ yɛli maana;  tɔ amaa, saanba ŋɔ daa bi n wum n-ti ba ka daa n tuɣi bɛ lala expedition maa.  Bɛ daa nyɛla Oba tobu bihi ni daa n liri shɛba lala tiŋa maa south ka Europeans nima niriba ayi ko n daa ti n tiligi lala *ensuing massacre* maa .  

Yɛli ŋɔ lahabali daa nyɛla din n to London, dabaa anii nyaaŋa ka bɛ daa n niŋ yom n laɣim bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni naval *punitive expedition* la, ka bɛ niiya daa nyɛ ni bɛ piɛli li m bahi *Admiral Harry Rawson*. Lala gbanpiɛlla soojanima ŋɔ daa nyɛla ban n saɣim ka wurim binshɛlikam din daa m be Benin City puuni. Lala bɛ lirigu ŋɔ nyaaŋa, ban daa n di nasara lala tobu maa puuni daa n zaŋla art zaŋ n dihi lala *Royal Palace* maa mini ban daa n mali zaashehi ni yuya biɛhigu puuni yiya, din daa n-nyɛ bɛ ni daa n zaŋ yun'gbaliŋ n laɣim shɛŋa la n lɛbi bɛ tuma n tumda. Lala *official* nima ŋɔ chandi shɛli bɛ ni daa n chaŋ ŋɔ daa nyɛla British nima maa kpema ni daa n sabi shɛli ka di daa n wuhi ni din daa n tahili ka bɛ daa n nya nasara lala bɛ lirigu maa puuni daa nyɛmi ni tinkpaŋnima maa daa n lirimi n saɣim suhudoo chandi ni lala *expedition* maa mii daa nyɛla din n-ti sokam soli ni o niŋdi o suhu ni bori shɛli ni di gu li ka che *reign of terror* . Yuuni 2020 buku daa n wuhiya ni; "tum yuuni 1960s saha maa ha, taarihibaŋdiba pam nyɛla ban m baŋ lala expedition shɛli bɛ ni daa n-niŋ ni bɛ n yihi Oba *Ovonramwen* Nogbaisi (Overami), bɛ ni daa n ʒili so namkuɣu puuni yuuni 1888 la ni, ka di daa m pa biɛri ka o daa yɛn m bohi amaa ka daa lee nyɛmi ni o beni n lihiri ka tiri zalisi ka di yuugi la zuɣu maa gbunni."  Ninvuɣ'shɛba gbubimi ni dina n che ka ŋun n sulinsi puuni lala bini ŋɔ gbunni bi ne ka di nyɛ di ti yɛn n dalim *bronzes* shɛŋa din ti yɛn n labina Benin la zaɣ'pala. 

Lala tum'shɛŋa British nima ŋɔ ni daa n kpuɣi maa daa nyɛla *treasure hoard of bronze and ivory sculptures* di bahi m bahindi tiŋ'nanima zuɣuri, *queen mother* nima zuɣuri, *leopard figurines*, buɣliŋbuɣliŋnima, n ti pahi anfooninima shɛŋa bɛ ni daa m maali ka ŋanima kalinli galisi pam zaa daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n zaŋ  *lost-wax casting* n wurim shɛŋa. Yuuni 1910 la puuni, German nima vihigu vihira, *Leo Frobenius* daa nyɛla ŋun n ʒi expedition n chaŋ Africa ka o niiya daa nyɛ ni o dehi Africanima *art* kpaŋmaŋa tuma nima n-ti niŋ o ya museum nima puuni.  Zuŋɔ di din kpalim m be  Nigeria galisim zaa bi yaɣi di bin pihinu tɔ amaa, di kalinli din n yiɣisi *2,400 pieces* nyɛla din m be Europeanima mini Americanima sulinsi puuni.

### Museums nima ni pu m pu n doya boŋ boŋ shɛm

Benin Bronzes shɛŋa din daa m pahi nɛn'zura shɛŋa lala  *punitive expedition of 1897* ni daa n zu maa daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n sɔŋ luɣa dam dam puuni: di yaɣ'yini daa n kpalimla lala gbanpiɛlla nima ŋɔ kpamba maŋmaŋa bukaata nima zuɣu soɣili shee; ka bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni Foreign and Commonwealth Office nima la gba daa n kohi di zaɣ'gbaliŋ ka ŋanima zaa daa ti chaŋ n ti be European museums nima puuni, di bahi m bahindi Germany mini American museums nima puuni   Di din daa m mali dariza pam daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n duhi shɛli liɣir n doli ban darili maa ni daa n dari li daa puuni shɛm. Lala *Foreign Office* ŋɔ nima daa nyɛla ban daa n yihi *bronze wall plaques* din kalinli daa n galisi pam n-ti  British Museum; lala *plaques* nima ŋɔ nyɛla ŋan n zaya n wuhiri Benin Kingdom taarihi nima yuuni fifteenth la mini yuuni sixteenth century nima puuni.   

## Kohimma din n niŋ nyaaŋa, sama yobu mini binyɛra mali zali dede n ti pahi yiŋa kundi
*Benin Bronzes collection* shɛli din n galisi pam n gari shɛli kam bela Ethnological Museum of Berlin mini British Museum din m be London nima puuni ka din pahiri ata ka gba n galisi pam la mii be m be museums gbaliŋ shɛŋa din m be  Nigeria (di bahi m bahindi  Nigerian National Museum din m be Lagos) la puuni. 

Tum Nigeria nima ni daa n deei bɛ maŋa sulinsi yuuni 1960 la ni hali wayo, bɛ bi che ba suhibu ni bɛ labisi bɛ *bronzes* nima n-ti ba.  Nangbankpeeni n na nyɛla zaŋ kpa *bronzes* maa biɛhigu shee ni di ni daa pun m be shɛli polo. Di tooi zooya ka bɛ labuna ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni nya shɛli ka di nyɛla din yɛn ti bahindi ni bɛ n labi Africa tingbani puuni. Lala *artefacts* nima ŋɔ lɛbila  *test case* tinduya nangbankpeeni puuni n jɛndi yɛla mali zali dede bee sama yobu kamani  Elgin Marbles din daa n sɔŋ n taɣi niriba hala zaŋ kpa yiŋa kundi na polo la.  

Yuuni 1950 puuni ka British Museum nima daa m pili n kohi  Benin Bronzes din kalinli yaɣi bin pihita n-ti Nigerianima gɔmdanti. Lala saha maa, ŋun daa n guli lala museum maa, Hermann Braunholtz, daa yɛliya ni di bahi m bahindi ninvuɣ'konkoba ni maali li maa zaa yoli di *203 plaques*  kalinli shɛŋa museum maa ni daa n kpuɣi yuuni 1898 la puuni, din bin pihita daa nyɛla din nyɛ yim; dama ŋanima daa nyɛla din n ŋmani taba ka daa lahi n zaya n-ti binyini ka daa n yɛli ni ŋanima daa nyɛla din n ka museum maa sɔŋsim shɛli.  Lala bɛ kohima ŋɔ daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n che shɛli yuuni 1972 la puuni ka bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni *museum's African art* la baŋda daa yina n ti yɛli ni o nyɛla ŋun m bohi o suhu ni tun'shɛŋa o ni daa n tum maa. 

Yuuni 1953 la puuni, Sotheby daa n kohila Benin Bronze zuɣu £5,500, din daa nyɛ bɛ ni daa n kohiri shɛli £780 la. Yuuni 1968 la puuni, Christie daa n kohila Benin Bronze zuɣu shɛli pirinkpema ŋun daa m be o yili balinga yil'shɛli din daa n-nyɛ baŋkom puuni la £21,000 .  Yuuni 1984 puuni, Sotheby daa n kohila *plaque* shɛli din daa zaya n-ti baaŋa; din dariza daa n yiɣisi bin din gbaai £25,000 mini £35,000 sunsuuni n-ti ŋun daa n dali m paai lala liɣiri maa.  Yuuni 2015 la ni, bɛ daa n kohila Benin Bronze zuɣu n-ti ŋun daa n za o gama zuɣu n laɣindi li £10 million. 

Yuuni 2018 puuni, bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni Benin Dialogue Group nima mini British nima gɔmdanti daa m palila taba alikauli ni bɛ ni labisi lala Benin Bronzes nima maa din daa yɛn n che ka bɛ gba kpa bɛ maŋmaŋa exhibition Benin Royal Museum pali shɛli din m be Edo State puuni la. Bɛ lala laɣingu ŋɔ daa nyɛla din n malila tinduya puuni museums nima , the Royal Court of Benin, the Edo State government, n ti pahi Nigerian National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM) nima di puuni. Yuuni 2015 la puuni, Mark Walker daa nyɛla ŋun n labisi Benin Bronzes shɛŋa o yabidoo ni daa n kpuɣi siege on Benin Kingdom saha la puuni; Prince Edun Akenzua n daa n deegi o n niŋ o yiŋa Benin City puuni. University of Aberdeen nima gba daa m pali ba alikauli ni bɛ ni labisi bronze zuɣu shɛli din daa n-nyɛ Oba dini la ka daa lahi n-nyɛ bɛ ni daa n da shɛli auction din daa n-niŋ yuuni 1957 puuni la na silimin gɔli March yuuni 2021 puuni.  Labisibu ka n naai la *handover ceremony* shɛli bɛ ni daa n-niŋ silimin gɔli October biɛɣu pishi ni anii dali, yuuni 2021 puuni la. 

Silimin gɔli April yuuni 2021 puuni, German nima gɔmdanti faa yimina n ti yɛli ni bɛ ni yo "looted" Benin Bronzes sama shɛŋa din daa m be *Germany public collections* puuni yuuni 2022 la. Hartmut Dorgerloh, ŋun daa n-nyɛ director n-ti Humboldt Forum shɛli din daa n laɣim Ethnological Museum of Berlin ka di lɛbi binyini la daa n yɛliya pɔhim zuɣu laɣingu shɛli puuni ni bɛ ni daa pun n gbaai gbaali shɛli ni bɛ zaŋ bronzes n wuhi *museum complex* pali shɛli din daa m be Berlin puuni la daa nyɛla "bɛ ni ku tooi lahi n tɛhi n gbaai shɛli".   Yaha, silimin gɔli April yuuni 2021 puuni, the Church of England nima gba daa lo alikauli ni bɛ ni labisi Benin bronzes dibaa ayi shɛli bɛ ni daa n zaŋ n-ti lala saha maa Archbishop of Canterbury Robert Runcie pini yuuni 1982 la puuni na. Lala bronzes nima ŋɔ daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yɛn zaŋ shɛli n tuɣi *Benin Royal Museum collection* shɛŋa din daa na yɛn n kana nyavuya ni.  lala gɔli maa puuni, the Horniman Museum din m be South London la daa n yɛliya ni di daa nyɛla binshɛli din n tuhi ni bɛ labisi ka n yo bin pihinahi ni awei kpaŋmaŋa tuun'shɛŋa bɛ ni daa n kpuɣi Benin City puuni la, di bahi m bahindi Benin Bronzes nima pia ni anu la nima maa zaa sama. 

Bɛ ni daa n zaŋ shɛli n yo British Museum ni bi ni daa n zaɣisi ni bɛ labisi lala looted Benin bronzes la na n daa n-nyɛ the Iyase (*traditional prime minister*) of Benin Kingdom ni daa n pɔbigi bronze plaque zaɣ'karili shɛli din daa n-nyɛ silimin gɔli July  biɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 2021 puuni dini la.   Lala *plaque* ŋɔ daa nyɛla din m mali 2 tons of brass laasabu ka daa nyɛ Iyase Lukas Osarobo Zeickner-Okoro yaansi la ni puuni yino ni daa m maali shɛli. Bɛ daa m bolila *The Return of Oba Ewuare* ni di wuhi Benin nima yɛda ni reincarnation mini Oba Ewuare II saha puuni Benin Bronze Age labi pili. Di daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n zaŋ shɛli n-ti British Museum ka daa taɣi n deei bronzes shɛŋa din daa m be nimaani. 

Silimin gɔli October yuuni 2021 puuni, Jesus College nima daa yina n ti yɛli ni bɛ ni labisi *sculpture of a cockerel* shɛli sokam ni daa m mi Okukor la n-ti Nigeria nima di ni daa n-niŋ ka bɛ shukurubihi daa n wuhi di taarihi daa anfaani ni di ni nyɛ *looted artefact* maa n naai. Lala statue ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa n yihi shɛli n soɣi yuuni 2016 la puuni ka niriba daa bi lahi n nyari li bɛ ni daa ti n gbaai ni bɛ labisi li; lala kolaji ŋɔ *Legacy of Slavery Working Party* nima vihigu daa n wuhiya ni lala *statue* ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa n deei shɛli court of Benin maŋmaŋa nima sani pɔi ka kolaji ŋɔ shukuru bi'so ba daa naai n yi zaŋli n lɛbi pini n-ti ba yuuni 1905 puuni .  Silimin gɔli February yuuni 2022 puuni, University of Aberdeen nima ni daa n labisi Okukor mini lala bronze maa, Oba of Benin, Ewuare II daa n deei li la royal palace shɛli din m be Benin City puuni .  Silimin gɔli December yuuni 2022 puuni, University of Cambridge nima daa n yihila Benin artefacts din kalinli daa n yaɣi kɔbiga ka daa m be bɛ Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology la puuni n tahi NCMM. Ninvuɣ'so ŋun yɛri n-tiri museum maa daa yɛliya ni di shɛŋa daa yɛn n kpalimla Cambridge "*on extended loan*" din yɛn wuhi ni "west Africa nima ninvuɣ'shɛba ban nina nehi ŋɔ na m be lala museum ŋɔ *displays* nima puuni mini shikuru bihi wuhibu shee".  Hali ni silimin gɔli February yuuni 2025 puuni, bɛ na kuli m bela soli ni bɛ zaŋ lala statues nima ŋɔ n tahi Nigeria. 

Silimin gɔli November yuuni 2021 puuni, bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni Metropolitan Museum of Art la nima daa n yihila *two sixteenth-century Bronze plaques*, *Warrior* *Chief* *and Junior Court Official*, n tahi n ti n-ti NCMM nima.  Bɛ lala niŋsim ŋɔ nyɛla din n yi di ko ka che bɛ mini ba ni gbaai ni bʋ labisi shɛŋa la domin *160 Benin Bronzes collection* sama n na n doli ba. 

Silimin gɔli January yuuni 2022 puuni, bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni Great North Museum: Hancock ŋun daa m be Newcastle, England la daa lo alikauli ni o ni labisi *Benin Bronze stave* n tahi n ti n-ti Nigeria nima. Silimin gɔli March yuuni 2022 puuni, Smithsonian Institution nima daa yina n ti yɛli ni bɛ nyɛla ban yɛn n labisi bronzes bin pihita ni awei shɛli bɛ ni daa m mali niiya ni bɛ zaŋ n wuhi salo National Museum of Benin City puuni la. Lala Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of African Art nima daa nyɛla ban n dihi nuu din wuhiri ni bɛ nyɛla ban n yihi Benin bronzes bin pishi ni awei bɛ sulinsi puuni n-ti NCMM nima silimin gɔli October biɛɣu pia ni yini dali, yuuni 2022 puuni, Nigerian kpamba mini cultural officials nima nin'baŋsi puuni; yaha, lala saha maa puuni bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni the National Gallery of Art nima la daa nyɛla ban gba daa n labisi Benin bronze yinga. 

Silimin gɔli July yuuni 2022 puuni, Germany daa yina n ti yɛli bɛ ni daa yɛn n yihi 1,100 artefacts shɛŋa din daa m be m be Linden Museum din m be Stuttgart puuni, Humboldt Forum din m be Berlin tingbani puuni, the Rautenstrauch-Joest Museum din m be Cologne, the Museum am Rothenbaum din m be Hamburg puuni, n ti pahi *the State Ethnographic Collections of Saxony* nima puuni. Ŋanima zaa labisibu nima na daa nyɛla lala German museums nima mini Nigeria gɔmdanti ni daa n gbaai shɛli ni "representative collection of objects" shɛŋa bɛ ni daa n zaŋ n zali mi di kpalim Germay long-term loan puuni. Silimin gɔli November biɛɣu pishi mi anii dali, yuuni 2022 puuni, London Horniman Museum nima daa n ʒinila ʒinahigu ni bɛ n labisi Benin Bronzes  shɛŋa bɛ mi m mali ka di nyɛ Nigeria nima dini n-ti ba. 

## Kundivihira