open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Regions of the African Union

Tiŋgbani yaɣa din be **[[African Union]]** (AU) nyɛla din pu yaɣa balibu dibaa anu. 

Di yiniŋ ka United Nations yaɣ'zuɣu maa yihi ʒishɛ shɛŋa n-ti African Group, kamani UN Security Council bee United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), African Union ŋɔ pirigirili mi n doli tiŋgbani yaɣa maa (amaa, di mini Morocco daa ka African Union ni bini din gbaai yuuni 1984-2017, di daa mali soli ni piigi). Talahi nyɛla ni tiŋgbana bo sɔŋsim Executive Council's Committee ni zaŋ chaŋ Anashaara goli March ni soli bɔbu piibu piibu yuuni zaŋ chaŋ kpamba piibu.

## Yuya
AU yuya ni bachinima pɛbu:

### Northern

### Southern

### Eastern

### Western

### Central

### African diaspora
Constitutive Act of the African Union, ni teebu "Article 3(q)" zaŋti Act (niyanima), di zaa klimi doli African diaspora: “ 

## Taɣibu taɣibu
Di ni daa niŋ ka Organisation of African Unity (ban daa di African Union' fali) ni daa nam, Southern Africa daa na ka maŋsulinsi ni ka ban da be din ni daa pu balibu bunahi. Kamani di ni wuhi shɛm Southern Africa daa pahi din ni, bɛ daa pahila Eastern Africa bɔŋ ni (n-ti paahi Zambia, Botswana, ni Lesotho; amaa ka yihi Angola ka ban daa be Central Africa group).

Shaawara daa niŋya yuuni1976, ka tum tuma yuuni 1979, ka bɛ daa kpa Southern Africa group. Yaɣa dibaa ayɔbu din daa kpe Eastern Africa ni daa labi pu, amaa Angola daa na kuli bela Central Africa.

1979 mini yuuni 1980, Sudan daa yiya n-kpe Northern Africa group zaŋ kpe Eastern Africa group.

Yuuni 1995, Angola daa yi Central Africa group kpe Southern Africa group.

Saha shɛ;li daa kana yuuni 2000 zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 2003, Rwanda daa yi Central Africa group kpe Eastern Africa group.

Yuuni 2004, Mauritania daa yi Western Africa group kpe Northern Africa group.

## Lihi pahi
* List of regions of Africa
* United Nations geoscheme for Africa

## Noosi

## Kundivihira
Ahafo Ano South East District

Ahafo Ano South East District pahila districti nima pihinahi ni ata  Ashanti Region puuni, Ghana. Daaha maa di daa pahila dini saha maa  Ahafo Ano South East District titali puuni yuuni 1988,di nambu da yila din saha ma  Ahafo Ano  District Council , hali ka bi ti pirigi district maa yaɣi shɛli n-nam  Ahafo Ano South East District yuni 15 March 2018 puuni; ka bi daa labi n-boli yaɣisheli din kpalim maa Ahafo Ano South West District.district assembly maa nyɛla dini be  Ashanti Region western yaɣili, ka Adugyama nye di tiŋ zuɣyu.

## See also

* Ahafo Ano South East District Assembly Official Website
Butcher

Nakoha nyɛla ninvuhu so ŋun korigiri binkobri, ka manidi, ka kɔhari bi nimdi, bei ka o nimdi yela ata ŋɔ zaa. Bin toi malimali nima ŋɔ n pa kohahi bei n ŋmali saale. Bi kpuhiri  nakoha ka o tomdi shitori ni, zaham kohagu ni, be nakoha duu.
Sagnarigu (Ghana parliament constituency)

**Sagnarigu** nyɛla constituencies puuni zaɣ'yini din m-be Gana gintɔri duuni. Bi zangdila "first-past-the-post" system m piiri bi gintɔra  piibu piibu ni. Attah Issah n nyɛ constituency ŋɔ gintɔra. Tamale South bela Tamale Municipal district  din m-be Northern Region Gana ni.

Bi daa namla kuɣ' ŋɔ ka di nyɛla Gana gintɔri piibu piibu zuɣu yuuni 2012.

## Tarisi
Sagnarigu constituency kuɣ' ŋɔ bela  Tamale metropolitan district din m-be Northern Region Gana ni.

## Gintɔriba

Tabuli din m-be gbunni ŋɔ wuhirila yuuni 2012 Gana piibu piibu ni daa yina shɛmSagnarigu constituency yaɣili maa.
 
 
 
 
 
 

### Yuuni 2020 piibu piibu
Tabuli din m-be gbunni ŋɔ wuhirila yuuni2020 Gana piibu piibu ni daa yina shɛm Sagnarigu constituency yaɣili din m-be Northern Region.
African Peace and Security Architecture

**African Peace and Security Architecture** (APSA) malila yaɣa dibaa ata n- guri ka taɣiri shintoni, suhdoo mini zaba mahibu African Union (AU), Regional Economic Communities (RECs) n-ti pahiRegional Mechanism (RMs).

## Di pilli

APSA pilila 1990s bahigu, di  ni daa niŋ ka African nyɛ yɛlimuɣisira ni paari shɛli pam sabiila tɔbu ni din daa tuhi Somalia ni, ka daa kuli nyɛ tuhiri hali ni yuuni 1991, ni "genocide in Rwanda" yuuni 1994. Lala saha ŋɔ yaha, Organisation of African Unity (OAU) daa bi saɣiri ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa kperi bɛ yɛltɔɣa ni. Din daa yɛn sɔŋsi ka bɛ tooi zabi ninsalisili fukumsi zuɣu, tiŋgbana din daa be OAU daa gbaaya ni bɛ kpa African Union (AU) yuuni 2002. Yuma ayi nyaaŋa, bɛ daa lahi gbaai shaawara ni bɛ kpa APSA.
  
Taɣibu taɣibu daa ny`ela din kpaŋsi di ni daa ti niŋ ka Peace and Security Council (PSC) zaŋti AU pili Anashaara goli December 26, 2003. 

## Structure

APSA ni doya shɛma nyɛla Peace and Security Council zaŋti African Union (PSC Protocol, 2002) ni doli shɛm. Article 2 kalila daantalis dibaa anu ŋɔ n-ti APSA, n-ti tabili tuma duɣuri mini shaawara gbaabu:
-Peace and Security Council (PSC), din nyɛ yaɣ'zuɣu n-ti AU
-the Panel zaŋti Wise (PoW)
-Continental Early Warning System (CEWS)
- African Standby Force (ASF)
- Peace Fund

AU nyɛla din ŋeri nyɔɣu ni di bɔrila suhudoo tiri Africa yaɣa zaa. Yaha, Regional Economic Communities (RECs) mini Regional Mechanisms (RMs) nim pam nyɛla din din be APSA ni. Nangbayini din be RECs mini AU sunsuuni nyɛla zalisi ni gbubi shɛli.

## Tiŋduya sɔŋsim

APSA nyɛla din bɔri liɣiri sɔŋsim tiŋ'duya nim sani. Yuuni 2015, vaabu 95%  AU liɣiri dibu daa nyɛla din yinaluɣ'shɛŋa kamani (EU, EU tiŋgbana ni, Japan ni China). Yuuni 2016, liɣiri din yi luɣ'shɛŋa na nyɛla bɛ ni daa buɣisi shɛli vaabu 52%; amaa, di liɣiri dibu soya daa bi polo.

## Yɛlimuɣisira

Di zahindimi ni

•	2010 APSA Assessment

•	2015 APSA Assessment

## Filiŋ

•	Di bɔrila liɣiri sɔŋsim sambani ni

## Lihi pahi

African Union

Peace and Security Council

Arab Maghreb Union

Economic Community of West African States

Economic Community of Central African States

East African Community

Southern African Development Community

## Literature

*Ulf Engel, João Gomes Porto (Ed.): Africa's New Peace and Security Architecture. Promoting Norms, Institutionalizing Solutions. Ashgate, Farnham 2010.
*Ulf Engel, João Gomes Porto (Ed.): Towards an African Peace and Security Regime. Ashgate, Farnham 2013.
*European Union (Ed.): The African Peace and Security Architecture: Still under construction. Brüssel 2014.
*Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (Hrsg.): The African Peace and Security Architecture. A Handbook. Addis Abeba 2014.

## Kundivihira
Bagwai

**Bagwai** be Local Government Area (LGA) ni Nigeria, ni Kano State. The headquarters be Bagwai town.

## Nyaafu kpɛma
2006 census shɛli ka Bagwai be 161,533 people.

## Buŋ yɛla
Bagwai area be 405 km². Postal code be 701.

## Sahaŋa biɛhi
* Watari Dam
* Gogori
* Kwajale

## Kundivihira
United Nations Security Council

**United Nations Security Council** (**UNSC**) nyɛla United Nations (UN) kparibɔɣiri dibaa ayɔbu puuni yini ka di yaa dalim suhudoo zaŋ chaŋ tiŋ'duya sunsuuni (international peace and security), ka wuhiri nivuɣ'pala tiri UN  zaŋ chaŋ General Assembly polo, ka saɣiritiri yori din be UN Charter ni. Di tumanima shɛŋa zaŋ chaŋ United Nations Charter nyɛl;a suhdoo kpaŋsibu, mini tiŋ'duya zalisi zaalibu.UNSC ko n-nyɛ UN kparibɔɣu din bɔri nangbayini tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.

## Taarihi

### Background and creation

Pɔi ka bɛ naan yi kpa UN, laɣinsi daa puni beni bɔri maligu bee sintoni goobu tiŋgbana sunsuuni, kamani International Committee of the Red Cross mini Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907.

## Ban be din ni

### Permanent members

Security Council's maa nyɛla tiŋgbana dibaa anu ni be shɛli ni.

### Non-permanent members

Tiŋgbana di baa anu din be din ni maa nuu yi yi, Security Council zaŋti United Nations shɛba lahi be din ni ka di pala bɛ kuli bela ni sahakam.

Saha ŋɔ bɛ ni vooti shɛba ka bɛ be din ni, ni yaɣ'shɛŋa bɛ ni pii ba ni bɛ zani ti, n-nyɛ din doli ŋɔ na:

### Zuɣulana

Ŋun nyɛ Security Council zuɣulana tuma tuma nyɛla o booni laɣinsi ka bɛ bɔri maligu.

Tiŋgbana din yɛn deei zuɣulana tali yuuni 2025 n-nyɛ din doli ŋɔ na:

## Lihi pahi

* Reform of the United Nations
* Small Five Group, a group formed to improve the working methods of the Security Council
* United Nations Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, provides secretarial support to the Security Council
* United Nations Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee, a standing committee of the Security Council
* PassBlue

## Explanatory notes

## Kundivihira
### Citations

### Sources

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## Further reading

* 
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## External links

* 
* UN Security Council Research Guide
* Global Policy Forum&nbsp;– UN Security Council
* Security Council Report&nbsp;– information and analysis on the council's activities
** What's In Blue – a series of insights on evolving Security Council actions
* Center for UN Reform Education&nbsp;– information on current reform issues at the United Nations
* UN Democracy: hyperlinked transcripts of the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council
Peace and Security Council

**Peace and Security Council** (**PSC**) nyɛla African Union kparibɔɣu din su zalisi zalibu. Di daa pilila United Nations Security Council nyaaŋa. PSC gba nyɛla daatali kpeeni African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) ni, ka lahi tumdi ni APSA daantali shɛŋa din yɛn che ka suhudoo mini gu ka taɣi kpaŋsi Africa".  Peace and Security Council (PSC) niya kuli nyɛla din gu ka taɣi zabazaba. Pɔi ka lala niya ŋɔ niŋ tabata, shee yaɣa kamani Military Staff Committee mini Committee of Experts niŋ nuu timbu.

Ban be din ni nyɛla African Union Executive Council ni vootiri shɛba ka Assembly of the African Union mi saɣiritira din yɛn che ka laɣim tum be Africa yaɣa.

## Taarihi

### Pilli
Yuma din gbaai 1990s piligu, ban daa be Organization of African Unity (OAU), ban daa di African Union (AU) fali,daa zaŋla bɛ yaa niŋ gu ka taɣi ni. Amaa, bɛ daa taɣi bɛ zaashee di ni daa niŋ ka shintoni niŋ Rwanda mini Burundi naai.

Yuuni 1995,ban daa be OAU daa gbaaya ka saɣiti suhudoo gubu laɣingu shɛli bɛ ni daa ʒini Addis Ababa ni daa naai. Amaa, OAU na nyɛla ban mali dihitabili ni United Nations tu ni bɛ yaa n daa suhudoo zuɣu lihibu.

Zaba din  daa ti doli nyaaŋa na niŋ Africa daa nyɛla African tuma du'zuɣiuri ni daa zaŋ bɛ nuu niŋ shɛli ni n-gari UN. Kamanai ŋmahinli, zaba din daa niŋ Liberia mini Sierra Leone nyɛla Economic Community of West African States ni daa mali shɛli. Lala n lahi nyɛli, zaba din daa niŋ Lesotho mini Democratic Republic of Congo nyɛla Southern African Development Community ni daa bo maligu ti shɛli.

Lala yaɣa ŋɔ nyɛla din mali kpaŋmaŋa pam suhudoo bɔbu ni ka di zuɣu che ka nangbankpeeni beni zaŋ chaŋ OAU tumbu polo.

Yuuni 2001, OAU Assembly laɣingu daa nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ shɛli labisi OAU's:  African Union. African Union palli daa nyɛla bɛ saɣiti ni shɛli yaa dahi shaawara ni zalisi, laɣingu din gba ŋmani li ka tiŋgbana pinaa anu be din ni. 

### Ban be din ni
Di mini PSC nyɛla United Nations Security Council ni daa kpaŋsiri shɛli maa zaa yoli, kamani  UNSC, PSC dii ka ban kuli be din ni. Tiŋgban dibaa anu din be din ni maa zaa nyɛla din mali zaa din ni. Bɛ piiri la kpamaba pia din ni yuma ayi kam ka piiri kpama niriba anu yuma anu kam puuni.

Yaɣili kam piini la Anashaara goli April dahin yini dali ka naari Anashaara goli 31st March. Zaŋ kana Anashaara goli April yuuni 2020, tiŋgbana ŋɔ n daa be PSC ni:

Morocco,Peace and Security Council zaŋti African Union ni ka bɛ be,

## Kundivihira

## Maŋmaŋa lahabali
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## External links
*Peace and Security Council website
*Protocol Relating to the Establishment of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union (pdf), 9 July 2002 (HTML version)
Gladys May Casley Hayford

O PILIGU MINI TUMA 
Bɛ duɣimi n-niŋ Casely-Hayford daŋ puuni din be Axim, Gold Coast la, May gɔli 11 1904. O ni daa nyɛ bia, bɛ daa mi O la Aquah LaLuah, O daa nyɛla karindi biinga ,O daa karim naai Charles Kingsley's bidiblim tuma buku la O yuma apɔin ni .O daa naan tooi yili yila, ka wari waa ka lahi sabiri yɛltɔɣa taɣimalisi O bilim ni. Bɛ ni daa wumsi O shɛm maa zuɣu O daa tooi tɔɣisira silimiinsi viɛnyɛla , Creole, and Fante (din nyɛ O ba zuliya yɛltɔɣa ). O daa piligi O shikuru karimbu Gold Coast[4]amaa alaafee kalinsi daa che ka bɛ daa labisi O  England,O daa tuɣi O shikuru bɔhimbu Europe,[5] n-ti pahi Penrhos College, Colwyn Bay, ni Wales,O daa doli Berlin jazz bana la n-go N -ti wari waa.[4] O daa go n-chaŋ US gba.Yela ni daa bi lahi chani viɛnyɛla n-ti O 1932[6] yuuni la . O daa labi yiŋa , dini n-nyɛ gbansabila ya.O daa wuhirila la Girls' Vocational School din be Freetown, Sierra Leone, O ma N daa so shikuru maa, Adelaide Casely-Hayford,[3] bɛ daa kpaŋsi la gbansabila tingbani bɔhimbu mini litiricha baŋsim.[7]

O BAHIGU MINI TUMA 
Acquah Laluah daa kulila Arthur Hunter 1936 yuuni la
,bɛ daa dɔɣi Kobina yuuni 1940.[6] O ni mi ni O yila gbansabila puuni la zuɣu , O daa puhiri O gbansabila tala chuɣu n-jendi yɛltɔɣ'taɣimalisi din nyɛ "Rejoice" and "Nativity".ka O yɛltɔɣa taɣimalisi maa zaa ka bɛ daa yihi polo na O ni be O nyevuli ni, di pam daa yi polo 1960s.Yɛltɔɣataɣimalisi kamani "Nativity" (1927), "The Serving Girl" (1941) and "Creation" (1926), n yi polo viɛnyɛla ; sasabira ban yi Harlem Renaissance N daa yuri O tuma maa pam.[2]
Arménio Vieira

**Arménio Adroaldo Vieira e Silva** ( nyɛla bɛ ni dɔɣi so Silimin goli  January  biɛɣu pishinaawei dali, yuuni 1941) o nyɛla ŋun nyɛ tiŋa yuli booni Cape Verda sasabira,  yɛltɔɣa taɣimalisi tira, n ti pahi lahibali deeri ni .  O nyɛla ŋun pili o tuma nim ŋɔ la yuma 1960s, ka laɣim tum ni  SELÓ, Boletim de Cabo Verde, Vértice (Coimbra) review, Raízes, Ponto & Vírgula, Fragmentos, n -ti pahi ban pahipahi.

## Yɛltɔɣataɣamalisi
Yɛltɔɣa taɣimalisi nimaa ata n nyɛ — *Lisboa* ( yuuni 1971), *Quiproquo* n-ti pahi *Ser tigre*— ka ŋa nim ni tooi nya yaɣa din nyɛ  CD *Poesia de Cabo Verde e Sete Poemas de Sebastião da Gama* ka ŋun su ŋa nyɛ Afonso Dias la.

## Tumanima

*Yuuni 1971: *Lisboa* (*Lisbon*)
*Around yuuni 1971 mini  yuuni 1972: *Quiproquo* and *Ser tigre*
*Yuuni 1981: *Poemas* - *África Editora* - *Colecção Cântico Geral* - Lisbon
*Yuuni 1990: *O Eleito do Sol* - *Edição Sonacor EP* - *Grafedito* - Praia
*Yuuni 1998: *Poemas* (reedited) - *Ilhéu Editora* - Mindelo
*Yuuni 2006: *MITOgrafias* - Portuguese Cultural Center - Praia and Mindelo - novel
*Yuuni 2009: *O Poema, a Viagem, o Sonho* - Caminho Publishers, Lisbon - poems
*Yuu2013: *O Brumário*
**Derivações do Brumário*, yuuni 2013
**Fantasmas e Fantasias do Brumário*, yuuni 2014

## Kundivihira
Gladys May Casely Hayford

O KUM
Gladys May Casely-Hayford daa bela Freetown, Sierra Leone, O yuma pirigili.ka daa labi Ankara , O ba daŋ ni daa be shɛli la, ni ka O nyevuli daa naai 1950 yuuni 
la.doro shɛli din yuli booni " blackwater fever" N daa ku O.[6]

TUMA 
Take'Um So, 1948 (poetry)
Further reading
Hunter, Yema Lucilda, An African Treasure: In search of Gladys Casely-Hayford 1904–1950. Freetown: Sierra Leonean Writers Series, 2016. ISBN 9789991054032.
Notes
 Chipasula, Stella; Chipasula, Frank Mkalawile, eds. (1995). The Heinemann Book of African Women's Poetry. Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-435-90680-1.
 See Countee Cullen, ed., Caroling Dusk: An Anthology of Verse by Negro Poets, 1927; Langston Hughes, ed., Poetry of the Negro World, 1949; African Treasury, 1960; Poems from Black Africa, 1963; Langston Hughes and Christiane Reyngault, eds, Anthologie Africaine et Malgache, 1962; Margaret Busby, ed., Daughters of Africa, 1992.
 "Casely-Hayford, Gladys: 1904–1950". www.encyclopedia.com.
 Chipasula, Stella; Chipasula, Frank Mkalawile, eds. (1995). The Heinemann Book of African Women's Poetry. Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-435-90680-1.
 Killam, Douglas; Kerfoot, Alicia L., eds. (2008). "Casely-Hayford, Gladys (1904–1950)". Student Encyclopedia of African Literature. Westport: Greenwood. pp. 79–80. ISBN 9780313335808.
 Crista Martin, "Casely-Hayford, Gladys (1904–1950)", "Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia", Encyclopedia.com.
 Crommwell, Adelaide M., An African Victorian Feminist: The Life and Times of Adelaide Smith Casely Hayford 1848–1960 (1992), reprinted Routledge, 2014, p
Death
Gladys May Casely-Hayford lived in Freetown, Sierra Leone, for much of her life. She moved to Accra, where her father's family lived, and where she died in 1950 of blackwater fever.[6]

Works
Take'Um So, 1948 (poetry)
Further reading
Hunter, Yema Lucilda, An African Treasure: In search of Gladys Casely-Hayford 1904–1950. Freetown: Sierra Leonean Writers Series, 2016. ISBN 9789991054032.
Notes
 Chipasula, Stella; Chipasula, Frank Mkalawile, eds. (1995). The Heinemann Book of African Women's Poetry. Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-435-90680-1.
 See Countee Cullen, ed., Caroling Dusk: An Anthology of Verse by Negro Poets, 1927; Langston Hughes, ed., Poetry of the Negro World, 1949; African Treasury, 1960; Poems from Black Africa, 1963; Langston Hughes and Christiane Reyngault, eds, Anthologie Africaine et Malgache, 1962; Margaret Busby, ed., Daughters of Africa, 1992.
 "Casely-Hayford, Gladys: 1904–1950". www.encyclopedia.com.
 Chipasula, Stella; Chipasula, Frank Mkalawile, eds. (1995). The Heinemann Book of African Women's Poetry. Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-435-90680-1.
 Killam, Douglas; Kerfoot, Alicia L., eds. (2008). "Casely-Hayford, Gladys (1904–1950)". Student Encyclopedia of African Literature. Westport: Greenwood. pp. 79–80. ISBN 9780313335808.
 Crista Martin, "Casely-Hayford, Gladys (1904–1950)", "Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia", Encyclopedia.com.
 Crommwell, Adelaide M., An African Victorian Feminist: The Life and Times of Adelaide Smith Casely Hayford 1848–1960 (1992), reprinted Routledge, 2014, p== Kundivihira ==
Barbary slave trade

**Barbary slave trade** nyɛla daba gbahibu mini bɛ kɔhibu Europe daba dabu mini kɔhibu daani din be Ottoman Barbary states maŋsulinsi tiŋgbana ni. European daba daa nyɛla "Barbary pirates" ni gbahiri shɛba niŋdi shitimanima ni n-yiri Italy kuni Ireland,  Spain mini Portugal teeku polo, zaŋ yi Iceland zaŋ yi Eastern Mediterranean polo.

Ottoman Eastern Mediterranean ka bɛ yaa daa galisi pam zaŋ kpa daba sheei bɔbu polo.Zaŋ chaŋ 18th century, bɛ daa kpaŋsi chaŋ gili Aegean" polo. 

Barbary slave trade daa nyɛla binshɛɣu din che 19th century, di ni daa niŋ ka United States mini Western European nim di nasara Barbary Wars ŋmebu tuuli mini din buyi ni France daa deei lala yaɣil maa zaa, ka di daa che ka di zani tariga 1830s.

Bɛ ni daa gbahi shɛba maa pam daa nyɛla ban tumdi kom ni tuma ni bɛ ni daa gbahi shɛba niŋ bɛ shitimanim ni, amaa bɛ daa gbahi adaa nim mini tinkpannima pam. Bɛ ni daa gbahi shɛba maa pam daa yila Mediterranean na, di bahi bahindi Italy.

## Extent

Ottoman kpamba mini ban daa beni pɔi ni Ottoman ka taarihi din doya, amaa niriba buɣisiya ni kamani 35,000 European daba ka bɛ daa gbahi zaŋ chaŋ 17th century zaŋ chaŋ Barbary Coast, zaŋ yi Tripoli mini Tunis, amaa ka di daa yaa daa be Algiers. Ban daa zooi pam nyɛla ban duhiri shitimani (di bahi bahindi ban daa nyɛ English), ka daa gbahiri bɛ mini bɛ shitimanima, amaa bɛ shɛba daa nyɛla adaanim mini tinkpan nima. Amaa, amaa bɛ ni daa gbahi shɛba pam nyɛla ban miri North Africa, di bahi Italy.

Robert Davis, ŋun daa sabi *[[Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters]]*,daa buɣisiya ni "slave traders" ban daa yina Tunis, Algiers, ni Tripoli daa ʒi kamani European daba paai kamani miliyɔŋ yini zaŋ chaŋ dibaa ayi n-kuli North Africa, zaŋ chaŋ 16th century mini 18th century ni daa pirigi.

Taarihi bŋdiba shɛba bi saɣiti Davis ni buɣisi kalinli shɛli maa.

John Wright yɛlimi ni di dolila ban daa nya ni buɣisi kalinli shɛli. Buku din daa pahiri buyi ka Davis sabi li, *[[Holy War and Human Bondage: Tales of Christian-Muslim Slavery in the Early-Modern Mediterranean]]*, ka zaŋ di yaa zaa dalim daba yɛltɔɣa.

## Lihi pahi
* Barbary corsairs
* Barbary Wars
* North African slave narratives
* Republic of Salé
* Sklavenkasse
* Slavery on the Barbary Coast
* Slavery in the Ottoman Empire
* Turkish Abductions

## Kundivihira

## Bibliography
* 

## Further reading
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* The Thomas Jefferson Papers – America and the Barbary Pirates – American Memory from the Library of Congress
* 

## External links

* When Europeans Were Slaves: Research Suggests White Slavery Was Much More Common Than Previously Believed
* British Slaves on the Barbary Coast
* Seabed gold 'clue to white slavers'
* America and the Barbary Pirates: An International Battle Against an Unconventional Foe
* Barbary Captivity Narratives 
* History of Kythera
* Pirates, Privateers and the Ottoman Empire in the Early Modern Mediterranean
* Kythira History
Barbary Coast

**Barbary Coast** (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli **Barbary**, **Berbery**, bee **Berber Coast**) daa nyɛla teeku yaɣa din be North Africa, di bahi bahindi, Maghreb ni Ottoman tarisi din be Algiers, Tunis, ni Tripoli, n-ti lahi pahi Sultanate zaŋti Morocco bini din gbaai 16th zaŋ chaŋ 19th centuries. Lala bachi maa yla "exonym" bachi ni na zaŋti Berbers.

## Siyaasa piribu

Barbary daa dii pa taati ni laɣim niŋ zaɣ'yini. Bini din gbaai 16th century zaŋ chana, di daa piri siyaasa paati dibaa anahi—zaŋ yi west zaŋ chaŋ east—Alawi Sultanate, Regency of Algiers, Regency of Tunis, n-ti tabili Regency of Tripoli. 

## The slave trade

Slave trade daa dii pa la daabiligu ko zaŋti Barbary States, amaa di daa lahi nyɛla jihad ni Dolodolo tiŋgbana.

Ottoman Eastern Mediterranean n daa nyɛla bɛ ni gindi luɣ'shɛŋa pam. Zaŋ kana 18th century saha, daa nyɛla din zooi Aegean". Daba dabu daa chela 1830s di ni daa niŋ ka French  deei Algeria.

## Kundivihira

## External links

*
Patsy Adam-Smith

(Bio)**Patricia Jean Adam-Smith**,  (silimiin gɔli May biɛɣu pihita ni yini yuni 1924 – silimiin gɔli September biɛɣu pishi yuuni 2001)daa nyɛla ninvuɣusɔ ŋun nyɛ  Australian author,ŋuntiri taarihi nima n-ti pahi bɛ ni bɔli shɛli ni servicewoman. O daa nyɛla bɛ ni bɔli shɛli ni prolific la sasabira  ka piɛ li taba n buɣ'sili ka mani lahabaya dinpun gari, lahabaya din zali yuli(folklore)  n ti pahi gubu n ti ninvuɣushɛba ban bɛni ni zalisi ŋɔ, n ti pahi sabbu din nyɛ two-part autobiography la. O ni lahi sabi tuun shɛŋa sɔŋ n doya ŋɔ *The Anzacs* (yuuni 1978), *[[Australian Women at War]]* (yuuni 1984) n ti pahi *Prisoners of War* (yuuni 1992).

### Biɛhigu
Bɛ dɔɣi o mi yina amiliya sɔli zuɣu, Patricia Jean Smith nyɛla ninvuɣusɔ ziliji palli tuuntumdiba ni daa kpuɣi n wumsira,o ma nyɛla ŋun yuuni binyara zuɣu ni o ba mii nyɛ bɛ ni bɔli shɛli ni Ganger la. O nyɛla ninvuɣusɔ ŋun be tiŋbilni ka lahi karim shikuru bihi nimaani.O nyɛla ninvuɣusɔ bɛ kpuɣi ka o nyɛ doɣ'tiɛ paɣa n ti Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) Second World War maa saha,o sɔŋdiba mi silimiin gɔli March biɛɣu pia ni ayopɔi,yuuni 1943 puuni hali ni silimiin gɔli July biɛɣu pia ni anahi,yuuni 1944. Di ni daa tooi bela,o daa nyɛla ninvuɣusɔ ŋun nyɛ piligu paɣa Australian articled seaman o ni daa tum  Australian merchant ship zaŋ gbaagi yuuni 1954 hali ni yuuni 1960 ni wuhibu ka mani bɛ ni bɔli shɛli ni   radio operator. O nyɛla ninvuɣusɔ ŋun be tiŋsi din yuli booni Hobart, Tasmania, zaŋgbaagi yuuni 1960 hali ni yuuni 1967,ni ka o tum n nyɛ bɛ ni boli shɛli ni Adult Education Officer la.yuuni 1970,o daa diɛgi zaashe shɛli bɛ ni boli ni  Manuscripts Field Officer n ti State Library of Victoria,lala tuma ŋɔ ka o daa gbiba hali ni yuuni 1982.

Zaŋgbaagi yuuni 1976 hali ni yuuni 2001, Adam-Smith daa nyɛla ŋun gba be bɛ ni boli shɛli ni  Board of Directors n ti Royal Humane Society Australasia nim puuni yino,nimaani hali ni yuuni  1983 n ti paagi yuuni 2001 o daa nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ni Committee Member la n ti o Museum of Victoria.O daa lehi nyɛla bɛ ni piigi sɔ Officer of the Order of Australia yuuni 1994 puuni  o daa niŋ tɛibu ni bohimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋshɛli taarihi,o daa gendila tiŋduya kaya zalisi gubu mini dihitabli ni kaya ni taada ŋɔ n ti pahi    recordibu shɛli din yirina nolini.

Dini niŋ ka o karim ka lahi tum tuma mini nolini taarihi ŋɔ daa tumla  Australia, Ireland, England n ti pahi United States yiŋa, Adam-Smith's vihigu daa niŋla tiŋsi pihiyɔbu.

## Literary career

## Awards

## Bibliography

## See also

## Notes
**Kundivihira**
 
## External links
History of the Regency of Algiers

Regency of Algiers daa pilila yuuni 1516 ka nyɛ din zani gama zuɣu Ottoman Empire zaŋ hali ni "French invasion of 1830." Din nyɛ "corsair brothers" Aruj mini Hayreddin Barbarossa ni daa kpa shɛli, Regency daa nyɛla din kpa talahi ti Barbary corsairs ka bɛ mini European yahinim daa tuhira.

## Establishment (1516–1533)

### Spanish expansion in the Maghreb
Spanish Empire, North Africa ni daa varisiri ba, ka fa Maghrebi teeku yaɣ'shɛŋa din nyɛ shitima teesa nima di ni daa niŋ ka Emirate of Granada lu n naai yuuni 1492. Melilla fell,ka Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera daa paya, ka Marinid sultanate daa lu. Algerian teeku yaɣili, Mers El Kébir daa lula yuuni 1505, ka Oran  lu yuuni 1509. Oran n daa nyɛ teeku siteesa din mali yaa pam lala saha, ka di mini Tlemcen gɔhi taba, Zayyanid Kingdom tiŋ'zuɣu.  Spanish conquest of Tripoli ban da kpena yuuni 1510, Hafsid dynasty din be Tunis daa gbaaya ni bɛ ka yaa din yɛn kari Spanish pirimla bɛ yaa ni nyɛ din saɣi bɛ ya la ko zuɣu.

### The Barbarossa brothers

## Corsair heyday: 17th century

### Ottoman suzerainty weakens

16th century, France daa dihi nuu "capitulation treaties" n-ti Ottoman, ka Franco-Ottoman alliance daa pa leei sokam ni saɣiti shɛli. Yuuni 1547, French daabiligu fukumsi daa zaliya Algiers. French daabiligu daa niŋeastern Algeria, bɛ ni booni shɛli Bastion of France, di daa deei French . 
[alt=Map showing a coastal town|thumb|Layout and appearance of the [Bastion de France on the Barbary Coast]]

### Foreign policy

Habsburg Empire daa dihi suhudoo saɣiti gbana Ottoman Empire 17th century piligu,ka di daa ŋmaai tɔbu din daa ŋmɛri. Amaa, Sovereign Order of Malta mini North African daa na  kuli nyɛla ban tuhiri taba. England, France ni Dutch Republic daa niŋ nangbanyini ni Ottoman Regencies zaŋ hali ni 16th century.

## Decline of Algiers (1800–1830)

### Crisis of the 19th century
19th century, Regency nyɛla siyaasa ni daabiligu ni daa kpe shɛli ni. Kum daa lu ni yuuni 1803 zaa chaŋ yuuni 1805. Rioters daa lahi ku Jewish Naphtali Busnash, bɛ ni daa galindi so zaŋ chaŋ bɛ bindira naabu polo. 

### French invasion

Napoleon's campaign in Egypt saha (1798–1801), Algiers daa tirila French linjimanima alikama pam, ka France daa darili sama pam. Hussein Dey daa ʒimi ni bɛ labi mali Kingdom of France zali yuuni 1827 ka yo di yuun pihita ni yini sama. King Charles X daa zaŋli mi niŋ so shɛli din yɛn waligi bɛ mini Algiers ka daa liriti  Algeria ni nimmohi. French daa vumi miri Algiers Anashaara goli 14 June 1830.

## Lihi pahi
* List of governors and rulers of the Regency of Algiers

## Notes

## Kundivihira
### Citations

### Bibliography

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Madiha Abdalla

**Madiha Abdalla** nyɛla Sudan lahabali sabira ni tuuli paɣa ŋun nyɛ lahabali maana n-ti Sudan lahabali chuɣu EI Meidan tum yuuni 2011,Sudanese Communist Party newspaper. O nyɛla ŋun be ban pili paɣaba lahabali sabbu puuni ka di nyɛla o , dolila so'shɛli din nyɛ paɣaba hachinima tuma, kamani Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim yuuni 1940s ha, ŋun daa ŋma paɣaba kukɔli lahabali chuɣu.
## O biɛhigu
Madiha nyɛla ŋun biɛhigu pili ni lahabali sabbu puuni nti EI Meidan lahabali chuɣu yuuni 1985 Kamani alaywa. O nyɛla ŋun lahi sabi satara waɣila pam n niŋ EI Meida bayaan Comprehensive Peace Agreement CPA Sudan yiŋa.
## O tuma
Madiha Abdalla nyɛla zabiri paɣaba hachinima zuɣu, din booni paɣaba mini dabba zaa kalinli yim saɣisibu ka ni bɔ soli ni baligi paɣaba gaŋbu Sudan yiŋa. O daa nyɛla ŋun sabi articles pam n jendi paɣaba yɛlmuɣisiranima m pa sobɔbigu pohim zuɣu, kamani popular forum Sudaneseonline.
## Arrest and Court case
Madiha Abdalla sabbu ŋɔ puuni, O daa nyɛla beni gbaai ninvuɣ'so ti yɔ duu ka kari saliya yuuni 2017. Yaha, yuuni 2014 o daa lahi nyɛla din bi chihi so noli ka di nyɛla Sudan National Interlligence and Security Service (NISS) nima daa nya ka bahi lahabali din ka o dihitabili, ka o daa shiri ŋun bi chihi.

## Kundivihira
Slaves in Algiers

***Slaves in Algiers, or A Struggle for Freedom*** nyɛla kpɛri shɛli Susanna Haswell Rowson ni sabi yuuni 1794. di ko n-nyɛ o ni sabi kpɛri shɛli, din daa tuumi du akpaaku zuɣu "New Theatre" (ka bɛ daa naan yi ti taɣi yuli boli li Chestnut Street Theatre) ka di be Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Anashaara goli June 30, 1794. bɛ daa zaŋla di mini yila dibaa ata n-dɛm, di jendila Barbary captivity crisis.

Di nyɛla din lahi ʒiri siyaasa lahabali, ka kahigiri US tuuli ha taarihi. Di kahigiri tuuli paɣaba yɛltɔɣa, ka buɣisiri American nuu timbu Musulinsi Adiini ni dunia.

## Nahingbana

* Augustus: Rebecca mini Constant bi'dibiga
* Ben Hassan: British nira ka bɛ leei dɔɣi o Jew ka o daa kpe Islam
* Constant: Rebecca's British yidana
* Fetnah:Ben Hassan bi'puɣinga
* Frederic: American dabili
* Henry: American dabili, Olivia's fiancé
* Muley Moloc: Dey (ruler) of Algiers
* Mustapha: ŋun daa nyɛ tumtumda
* Olivia: Rebecca mini Constant bi'puɣinga
* Rebecca: Zealous American dabili
* Sadi: Tumtumda
* Sebastian: Spaniard sailor
* Selima: Tumtumda
* Zoriana:  Dey, bipuɣinga ŋun daa kpee Christianity

## Tarisi lahabali jia

## Zaŋ dɛm dɛma
*Slaves in Algiers* nyɛla Susanna Rowson ni kpɛri kpɛri shɛli ka di nyɛ di ko ka o kuli sabi biɛhigu ni. Di dɛma tulli daa dɛm la New Theatre (bɛ ni daa ti labi boli shɛli Chestnut Street Theatre) din be Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Anashaara goli June 30, 1794. Din nyaaŋa di daa nya dɛmbu pam Baltimore mini New York City. Bɛ daa labi neei kpɛrigu ŋɔ yuuni 1816, Boston, din nyaaŋa ka "Second Barbary War" (1815) daa niŋ.

## Noosi

## Kundivihira

## Further reading

*  (Annotated classroom edition with introduction)

## External links

* ''Slaves in Algiers; or, A Struggle for Freedom'' – full text at Evans Early American Imprints Collection
Slavery in Libya

**Slavery in Libya** nyɛla din mali taarihi pam Libyan kaya ni taɣada ni. Di lahi nyɛla di tabi daba daabiligu niŋbu North Africa mini trans-Saharan slave trade.

Tum daadaa ha, Libya yaɣili daa nyɛla soli zaŋti daba ʒi n yi Sub-Saharan Africa zaŋ du Sahara bopiɛligu polo zaŋ chaŋ Mediterranean Sea. Trans-Saharan slave trade daa nyɛla din beni lala saha hali zaŋ ni 20th-century. Daba dabu Ottoman Libya daa nyɛla bɛ ni zaɣisiri shɛli 19th-century, amaa di karibu zalisi daa bi zaŋ tum tuma.

"Italian colonial period" (1912–1951) saha daba mini daba daabiligu daa gbarigiya. amaa di karibu zaazaa daa kuli nyɛla bɛ ni doli shɛli bela bela, ka di daa leei yuui pam, di bahi bahindi bo'piɛligu maa puuni, luɣ'shɛli Italian yaa ni daa gbarigi. Trans-Saharan slave trade zaŋ chaŋ Libya puuni daa na kuli nyɛla din beni hali ni 1930s bahigu.

21st-century saha, Libyan daabiligu ni Africans zaŋ chaŋ Sahara daa tuɣiya, ka dabaa daa dibu kuli yooi Libya, n-ti tabili di tiŋ'zuɣu, Tripoli.

## Taarihi

### Roman Libya

Kamani Roman province, Tripolitania daa nyɛla puzuri ni yiri shɛli pam n-kperi tiŋ'duya, ka lahi nyɛ Garamentes ni ʒiri salima yiri shɛli, ka Cyrenaica na kuli nyɛ daam yaa ni be shɛli, hali ni tima n-ti tabili yuri.

### Enslavement of the Berbers and of the Jewish people

Di ni daa niŋ ka Amr ibn al-As deei Tripoli in 643, o daa mirisila Jewish mini Christian Berbers ni bɛ zaŋ bɛ paɣaba mini bɛ bihi n-ti Laribaawa linjima nima ka bɛ zaŋba niŋ daba ka di pahi bɛ "*jizya" ni*.

#### NCHRL accusations of exaggerated reporting
Anashaara goli November yuuni 2017, National Commission zaŋti Human Rights din be Libya (NCHRL) daa yɛliya ni Libya pɔhim zuɣu lahabaya zaŋ kpa daba polo nyɛla bɛ ni ʒe shɛli kpam, ni di mini daba dabu be Libya maa zaa yoli, di daa lahi nyɛla din bi yoli. Laɣinsi daa lahi yina ti yari Libyan ni o kari daba dabu din bi doli soli.

## Lihi pahi

* *[[That Most Precious Merchandise: The Mediterranean Trade in Black Sea Slaves, 1260-1500]]*
* African slave trade
* Human trafficking in Libya
* Slavery in contemporary Africa
* Islamic views on slavery
* Afro-Arabs
* Slavery in the Ottoman Empire
* 2011 military intervention in Libya
* Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom

## Kundivihira
Liela Aboulela

**Liela Fuad Aboulela** FRSL Nyɛla sabsabra ŋun sabri alizama shɛli din ŋhɛ tiɛha o lahi sabiri lahabaya. O sabiri shɛli o ni sabi ka di wuligi gili dunya luɣulikam n nyɛ Minaret(2005) din lahi pahi nyɛ Translator(1999).o bi dɔɣɔ mi la Sudan dindgani.

## Bibliography

* Yuuni 1999: *[[The Translator (Leila Aboulela novel)|The Translator]]*, Grove Press, Black Cat&nbsp; – translated into Arabic by Elkhatim Adl'an
* Yuuni 2001: *Coloured Lights*, Polygon, Edinburgh
* Yuuni 2005: *[[Minaret (novel)|Minaret]]*, Grove Press, Black Cat -translated into Arabic by Badreldin Hashimi
* Yuuni 2011: *[[Lyrics Alley]]*, Grove Press&nbsp; -translated into Arabic by Badreldin Hashimi
* Yuuni 2015: *The Kindness of Enemies*, Weidenfeld & Nicolson - translated into Arabic by Badreldin Hashimi
* Yuuni 2018: *Elsewhere, Home*, Telegram Books
* Yuuni 2019: *[[Bird Summons]]*, Weidenfeld & Nicolson
* Yuuni 2023: *[[River Spirit]]*, Grove Atlantic, Saqi Books 

## O kpaŋmaŋ pina nima

* Yuuni 2000: Caine Prize for African Writing, for *The Museum.*
* Yuuni 2000: Saltire Society Scottish First Book of the Year Award (shortlist), *The Translator.*
* Yuuni 2002: PEN Macmillan Macmillan Silver PEN Award (shortlist), *Coloured Lights.*
* Yuuni 2003: Race and Media Award (shortlist – radio drama serialisation), *The Translator.*
* Yuuni 2011: Shortlisted for the Commonwealth Writers Prize- Europe and S. E Asia, *Lyrics Alley.*
* Yuuni 2011: Fiction Winner of the Scottish Book Awards, *Lyrics Alley.*
* Yuuni 2018: Saltire Fiction Book of the Year Award, *Elsewhere, Home.*
* Yuuni 2023: Elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature

## Maan lihimi ŋɔ nim yaha

* Sudanese literature
* List of Sudanese writers
* Modern Arabic literature

## Kundivihira
That Most Precious Merchandise

***That Most Precious Merchandise: The Mediterranean Trade in Black Sea Slaves, 1260–1500***  nyɛla buku shɛli Hannah Barker ni sabi ka University of Pennsylvania Press yihilina yuuni 2019.

Di malila Latin mini Arabic lahabay, o dirila aliza zaŋ jendi daba daabiligu niŋbu Black Sea yaɣili mini Italy mini Near East. Buku maa ŋmanila di yaa dalim la Italian daabiligu yaa kamani Genoa mini Venice Zaŋ chaŋ daba daabiligu polo, n-ti pahi Mamluk sultanate, din daa fa yaa Egypt mini Levantine coast.

Buku maa daa dila Paul E. Lovejoy Prize yuuni 2019, ban daa piili n daa nyɛ *[[Journal of Global Slavery]]*.

## Di ni pe shɛm
Buku maa malila surili dibaa ayopɔin.
* Pili
# Yaɣili 1: Slavery in the Late Medieval Mediterranean
# Yaɣili 2: Difference and the Perception of Slave Status
# Yaɣili  3: Societies with Slaves: Genoa, Venice, and the Mamluk Sultanate
# Yaɣili  4: The Slave Market and the Act of Sale
# Yaɣili r 5: Making Slaves in the Black Sea
# Yaɣili  6: Constraining Disorder: Merchants, States, and the Structure of the Slave Trade
# Chapter 7: Crusade, Embargo, and the Trade in Mamluk Slaves
* naabu, bibliography, index

## Academic journal reviews
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Citation
* 

## Ŋun sabili maa yɛltɔɣa
Hannah Barkernyɛla sasabira, taarihi baŋda, ni ŋun wuhiri taarihi Arizona State University.

## Tuma din ŋmani li
* *[[Plantation Enterprise in Colonial South Carolina]]*
* *[[The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America]]*
* *[[Red, White, and Black Make Blue: Indigo in the Fabric of Colonial South Carolina Life]]*
* *[[Christian Ritual and the Creation of British Slave Societies, 1650–1780]]*

## Lihi pahi
* Italian city-states
* Slavery in medieval Europe

## Kundivihira

## External links
* University of Pennsylvania Press: 
* Google Books: That Most Precious Merchandise
Slavery in Tunisia

**Slavery in Tunisia** daa nyɛla Arab slave trade ni kpaŋsiri shɛli, ka di daa zani tariga Anashaara goli 23 January yuuni 1846, Ahmed I Bey n daa be di tooni. Tunisia mini Algeria n daa doli taba, ka di zaa chani ti yiri Trans-Saharan polo ka di daliri nyɛla din zaa daa bela tiŋgbani yaɣ'yini. Bɛ daa deei la caravans zaŋ yi Fezzan mini Ghadamès.

## Pilli

Tunisian daba daa yirila yaɣa dibaa ayi na: Europe mini bɛ pam daa yirila West Africa zaŋ chaŋ Lake Chad. 

## Anfooninima

File:Maison esclaves.jpg|Maison esclaves
File:Ancien marché aux esclaves - Médina de Tunis.jpg|Ancien marché aux esclaves - Médina de Tunis
File:Lehnert et Landrock - Marché d'esclave, Tunisie, circa 1910.jpg|Lehnert et Landrock - Marché d'esclave, Tunisie, circa 1910
File:Abolition slavery declaration- Ahmed I bey.jpg|Abolition slavery declaration- Ahmed I bey
File:Tunisia337.jpg|Tunisia337
File:Marché 2.JPG|Marché 2


## Lihi pahi

* Arab slave trade
* Islamic views on slavery

## Kundivihira

## Bibliography
* Roger Botte, *Esclavages et abolitions en terres d'islam. Tunisie, Arabie saoudite, Maroc, Mauritanie, Soudan*, éd. André Versailles, Bruxelles, 2010, .
* Inès Mrad Dali, "De l'esclavage à la servitude," *Cahiers d'études africaines*, n°179-180, 2005, pp.&nbsp;935–955 .
* Abdelhamid Larguèche, *Abolition de l'esclavage en Tunisie à travers les archives. 1841-1846*, éd. Alif, Tunis, 1990, .
* Ahmed Rahal, *La communauté noire de Tunis. Thérapie initiatique et rite de possession*, éd. L'Harmattan, Paris, 2000, .

## External links

* « Traite et esclavage des Noirs en Tunisie », ''Mémoire d'un continent'', Radio France internationale, 11 juillet 2009
* Maria Ghazali, « La régence de Tunis et l'esclavage en Méditerranée à la fin du XVIII<sup>e</sup> siècle d'après les sources consulaires espagnoles », ''Cahiers de la Méditerranée'', 2002, vol. 65
* Documents on the black community of Tunisia
Ellen Banda-Aaku

**Ellen Banda-Aaku** (bɛ dɔɣi o la Silimin goli  May dabaayɔbu dali, yuuni 1965 ni ) ka o nyɛ ŋun nyɛ tiŋyuli booni Zambia sasabira,  walinsi zuɣu kpɛrikpɛrita,  ni sinii puruduusa so bɛ ni daa dɔɣi UK tingbanni ka o lee zoogi gbansabila tingbani ni. O nyɛla sasabira ŋun mali salinwaɣila buku dibaayi ni bi' bihi buku nim pam,  ka lahi mali lahibali ŋmahi buku nim shɛŋa gba.

## Kpaŋmaŋa pina
* Yuuni 2004: Winner of Macmillan Writers Prize for Africa – Most Promising New Writer Award
* Yuuni 2007: Winner of Commonwealth Short Story Competition
* Yuuni 2010: Winner of Penguin Prize for African Writing
* Yuuni 2012: Zambia Arts Council Chairpersons Ngoma Award
* Yuuni 2012: Nominated for the Commonwealth Book Prize 

## Tumanima din yi polo

### Lahibali ŋmahi
*"Sozi's Box" (winner of the 2007 Commonwealth Short Story Competition). Published in *Cousins Across the Seas*, Phoenix Education, Australia, 2008. 
*"Lost", in *Jambula Tree and other stories*, The Caine Prize for African Writing, 8th Annual Collection, Jacana Press, South Africa. 
*"Made of Mukwa", in *The Bed Book of Short Stories*, Modjaji Books, South Africa. 
*"Ngomwa", in *African Women Writing Resistance: Contemporary Voices*, Wisconsin Press, USA. 
*"87 Tangmere Court", in *[[Daughters of Africa#New Daughters of Africa|New Daughters of Africa]]*, 2019.

### Salinwaɣila

**Patchwork*, Penguin Publishers, South Africa, 2011. .
**Madam 1st Lady*, 2016. , 

### Bibihi buku nima
**Wandi’s Little Voice*,  Macmillan Educational Publishers, UK, 2004. 
**Yours Faithfully Yogi*, East African Educational Publishers, Kenya, 2008. 
**Twelve Months*, Oxford University Press, Kenya, 2010. 
**Lula & Lebo*, Head and Shoulders, Puo Publishing, South Africa. 
**E is for e-waste*, Worldreader, online publication.
**Sula and Ja*, Farafina Tuuti (Kachifo Limited) and Worldreader.

## Karimbu nim yaha
*Author Profiles, Ellen Banda-Aaku . African Writing Online, many literatures, one voice,  No. 11. Accessed 10 February 2013.
*Browdy de Henandez, J., P. Dongala, O. Jolaosho, & A. Serafin (eds), 2010. *African Writing Resistance Contemporary Voices*, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Press.
*Danro, A., 2011. "Ellen Banda-Aaku: A gifted writer", *Times of Zambia*, Lusaka. 26 February.
*Kwei. R., 2004. "Women Here And There: Ellen Wins Macmillan’s Children’s Writer Award", *Daily Graphic*, Accra. 25 March.
*Malan, R., ed. 2009. *A – Z of African Writers: A guide to modern African writing in English*. South Africa, Shuter & Shooter.
**The Best of Zambia*. 2011. Global Village Encyclopaedia GVPedia, Lusaka, Image Promotions.
*14th Time of the Writer, 2011. Accessed 9 February 2013.

## Kundivihira
Dominic Mulaisho

**Dominic Mulaisho** (bɛ dɔɣi o la Silimin goli August pinaanu dali, yuuni  1933 ni tiŋa yuli booni Feira, n be Northern Rhodesia -ka kani tiŋyuli booni in  Lusaka, n be tingbani yuli booni Zambia ni Silimiingoli July dahinyini dali, yuuni 2013 ni ) o nyɛla ŋun daa nyɛ  Zambia salinwaɣila sasabira. Ŋuni n daa nyɛ feera duu yuli booni Bank of Zambia gomdanti binshɛɣu din gbaagi yuuni  1992  ni hali ni yuuni 1995.

O nyɛla bɛ ni baŋ so ka di nyɛla o salinwaɣila dibaayi din yuya nyɛ *[[The Tongue of the Dumb]]* (yuuni 1973) and *[[The Smoke that Thunders]]* (yuuni 1979).

O daa chaŋ la shikuru yuli booni  University College of Rhodesia.

## Kundivihira
Binwell Sinyangwe

**Binwell Sinyangwe** (bɛ dɔɣi o la yuuni 1956) ka o nyɛ tingbani yuli booni Zambia salinwaɣila sasabira .

O nyɛla ŋun bɔhim daabiligu yɛltɔɣa shikuru yuli booni Bucharest.

## O buku nima
**Quills of Desire*, Baobab Books, 1996. Republished by Heinemann (Public Policy Series), 2001
**A Cowrie of Hope*, Heinemann (African Writers Series), 2000

## Kundivihira
Slavery in Sudan

**Slavery in Sudan** nyɛla din pili saha waɣila, ka zaŋ hali ni Second Sudanese Civil War (1983–2005) ni. Trans-Saharan slave trade saha, niriba pam ban yina Nile Valley daa nyɛla bɛ ni adri shɛba daba ka maliba tumdi tuma North Africa mini Orient , ban daa dariba ka maliba tumdi tuma n-nyɛ Nubians, Egyptians, Berbers ni Arabs.

Yuuni 1995 polo, human rights pam buɣisi daba ni dari shɛm,di bahi bahindi Second Sudanese sabiila tɔbu saha. Kamani lahabaya din yina Human Rights Watch mini din pahi pahiu ni wuhi shɛm, tɔbu maa ni Sudan daa nyɛla ŋun yina ti ŋmeri daba lala tɔbu ŋɔ ni pahiri Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) zuɣu. Lahabali lahi wuhiya ni Sudan bi tooi zaŋ zalisi pahi bihi gbahibu zuɣu, n-ti pahi bihi mirisi zaŋ tum tuma.

Lahabali shƐli lahi wuhiya (din yina International Eminent Persons Group) ni gɔmnanti lahi nyɛla ŋun tuhiri sabiila nima. Sudan ʒimi ni daba dabu nyɛlka din tahiri tɔbu na, ni ka o nuu ka din ni.

Rift Valley Institute ni wuhi shɛ ni, daba dabu daa nyɛla din che yuuni 2002, amaa daba shɛba ban kalinli bi yi polo nyɛla ban na be fukumsi ni. 

## Sudan daba taarihi

### Antiquity
Sudan daba dabu taarihi nyɛla din waɣi pam, ka pili Nubian mini daadaa Egypt ha zaŋ kana zuŋɔ.Nubian daa gbahila daba bɛ mini Libyan ni daa tuhi tɔbu naai, Canaanites, ni Egypt nima.

### 16th- to 19th-centuries

Di ni daa niŋ ka Nubian kingdom lu n-naai yuuni 1504, Musulinima daa deei la Nubia yaɣa pam, ka Funj daa deei Sudan yaɣa pam bini din gbaai Darfur zaŋ chaŋ Khartoum; Funj daa pilila daba zaŋ niŋ linjima tuma ni Badi III (). 

## Yuli zalibu

Racial abuse nyɛla din niŋ bayana Sudan ka Skin whitening nyɛ din gba niŋ bayana. Yuuni 2020, Al-Intibaha daa wuhiya ni bol'ŋmɛri paɣa beni ka nyɛ dabili. Black Lives Matter protests in 2020 ni, Sudan niriba pam daa filimdi la bol'ŋmɛri yuli booni  Issam Abdulraheem ni Arab yili yiina Reem Khougli ŋun gbaŋ mooi bela, bɛ amiliya niŋbu nyaaŋa.

## Lihi pahi

* Slavery in modern Africa
* Mende Nazer
* Francis Bok
* Human rights in Sudan
* History of Slavery in the Muslim World

## Noosi

## Kundivihira


## Sources
* 

## External links

* Civil Rights Leaders Criticized for Silence on Sudan Slavery
Slavery in contemporary Africa

Africa tiŋgbani yaɣili nyɛla contemporary slavery ni niŋ yaɣ'shɛli pam. Slavery in Africa nyɛla din mali taarihi waɣinli, Africa taarihi puuni, amaa ka kpaŋsiri trans-Saharan mini Indian Ocean slave trade ka diri anfaani trans-Atlantic  mini Barbary slave trade ni; daba dabu daa nyɛla din nam  kingdoms pam ka di be perpetual warfare ni di che ka bɛ nya ban yɛn tooi ʒiri daba yira. Amaa kpamba daa moya ni bɛ tuhi kari daba dabu yuuni 1900, bɛ kpaŋmaŋa maa daa bi tooi ku bukaata.

Dada daabiligu niŋbu Sahel yaɣili (amaa ka bɛ tooi zooi Horn of Africa). Daba daabiligu niŋbu Sahel tiŋgbana din be Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad ni Sudan, daa nyɛla din tuɣi. Daba daabiligu bali shɛŋa daa lahi nyɛla din be Ghana, Benin, Togo mini Nigeria. Shɛŋa pahiya, dabaa daabiligu bali shɛŋa din be Africa zuŋɔ, ka di pam nyɛla sal'nim nahimbu ka lahi gbahiri bihi niŋdi linjimanima mini tuma tumbu ni, e.g. human trafficking in Angola, ni "human trafficking of children"din yinaTogo, Benin ni Nigeria zaŋ chaŋ Gabon mini Cameroon.

Saha ŋɔ dab'tali din be Africa kamani Anti-Slavery Society ni wuhi shɛm nyɛla kamani nirba nahimbu ka bɛ dii bi booni li "dab'tali":

Niriba mirisi tum tuma Sub-Saharan Africa buɣisimi kamani kalinli din ni yiɣisi 660,000. Di shɛŋa n-nyɛ niriba mirisi gbi "diamond" Sierra Leone mini Liberia, ka di lahi nyɛ din tahiri sabiila tɔbu na lala tinsi ŋɔ ni. Yuuni 2017, International Labour Office ni niriba ban be Africa, tuhili puuni daba nyɛla kalinli dibaa ayopɔin.
## Contemporary slavery balibu

### Sex trade

Di ni niŋ ka bɛ mɔŋ daba dabu dunia zaa, paɣa gɔlibu nyɛla din be yaɣa pam ka gɔmnanti bi timdi nuu din ni, kamani Sudan mini Liberia, Sierra Leone, northern Uganda, Congo, Niger ni Mauritania.  Ghana, Togo, ni Benin, pagɔrisigu mirisiri shɛli bɛ ni poli *trokosi* ("ritual servitude") ka bɛ mirisiri bi'puɣisi pam niŋ buɣa ni "ka bɛ nyɛ buɣa paɣaba",ka ban su buɣa maa gondi ba ka yɛli ni buɣa maa.

### Niriba mirisi tum tuma
Niriba mirisi tum tuma, din ni tooi be di ko ka che daba dabu,nyɛla bindi mirisiri niriba ka bɛ tumdi tuun shɛŋa din pa bi suhyurilim.

### Bihi kɔhibu

Bihi kɔhibu nyɛla din be Nigeria mini Benin. Bɛ sɔɣirimi gbahiri daba bee n-kɔhiriba $20–70 dabili kam zuɣu ni tiŋgbani shɛŋ ban ka liɣiri ni, kamani Benin mini Togo, ka kɔhiriba ka bɛmani  $350 ka bɛ gondi ba liɣiri ni be tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni, kamani Nigeria mini Gabon.

## Lihi pahi
*Abolition of slavery timeline
*History of slavery
*Sexual slavery in contemporary Africa

## Kundivihira

## External links
* Graham-Harrison, Emma.  Africa’s new slave trade: how migrants flee poverty to get sucked into a world of violent crime (May 2017), *[[The Guardian]]*
* The Modern West African Slave Trade Anti-Slavery Society. Retrieved 2007-07-09.
Vittoria Aganoor

**Vittoria Aganoor** (bɛ dɔɣi o la silimin goli May 26, 1855 – ka o kpi silimin goli April 9, 1910) daa nyɛla Italy yɛltɔtaɣ'malisi lana ŋun yina Armenian. O nyɛla bɛ ninvuɣu kpɛŋ so bɛ ni kali pahi sɛnchiri pishi yin'ka ni yɛltɔtaɣ'malisi nim ni.

## Piligu
Bɛ daa dɔɣi o la tiŋ yuli booni Padova, bihi bapira Edoardo Aganoor mini bihi piriba Giuseppina Pacini bia ŋun pahiri ayopɔin. O ba daŋ daa nyɛla bundaanba ka zali yuli Armenian. Bɛ daa yiɣisi kulu Persia sɛnchiri pia ni yini ni, n-ti ʒini Julfa. Naaŋa, bɛ ni daa wum  Mechitarist banima saɣ'siɣu, bɛ daŋ ŋɔ daa chaŋ ti ʒini Paris. France tiŋgban’ ni, bɛ daa shikuru duri ayi ti Armenian nima: Collège Raphaël din be Paris, ni Collegio Moorat din be Venice.

Vittoria laanba ŋɔ daa niŋla yuuni 1847 ka kuli Padova. Din ni maa bɛ daa bo yili 'Casa degli Armeni', bee 'Armenians' yili, Prato della Valle. Dini ka Vittoria, n-ti pahi o mabihi anahi ban nyɛ paɣaba, daa zooi.

Italy ninvuɣu kara, Andrea Maffei bee Antonio Fogazzaro, daa chaŋ bɛ yiŋa o ni daa nyɛ bia. Yuuni 1876, o daa chaŋ ti ʒini Naples, ka daa nya Enrico Nenci ŋun daa sɔŋ o zaŋ kpa o yɛltɔɣataɣ'malisi polo, amaa o daa tooi sabiri gbana tiri Domenico Gnoli. O daa nyɛla ŋun kuri saha ni daŋ ka di nyɛla tiɛha ni daa mali o pam. O daa nyɛla sabiri biiŋa, amaa o daa bi zaŋ o tuuli buku shɛli o daa sabi wuhi salo, *Leggenda eterna*, hali ni yuuni 1900. Yuuni 1901, Guido Pompilj, jintɔri ŋun yuli daa du pam daa niŋ o amiliya, and later the Italian Undersecretary of State. Bɛ daa laɣim ya chaŋ tiŋ yuli booni Perugia. O daa kpila Rome silimin goli 9 April 1910 di ni daa niŋ ka bɛ niŋdi o apulɛsa, o yuun’ pihinu ni anahi.

O yidana suhi ni daa kabi o kpibu ŋɔ zuɣu, o daa ku o maŋa baɣ'li paɣa maa ningbuna.

## O Tuma nima
**I cavalli di San Marco*, Venezia, Stab. Tip. C. Ferrari, yuuni 1892;
**A mio padre. Versi*, Venezia, Stab. Tip. Lit. C. Ferrari, yuuni 1893;
**[[s:it:Leggenda eterna|Leggenda eterna]]*, Milano, Treves, yuuni 1900
**Nuove Liriche*, Roma, Nuova antologia, yuuni 1908;
**Poesie complete*, Firenze, F. Le Monnier, yuuni 1927;
**Nuove liriche*, a cura di John Butcher, Bologna, Nuova S1, yuuni 2007;

## Kundivihira

## Linki shɛŋa dabam
*Vittoria Aganoor's biography