Skunder Boghossian

**Alexander** "**Skunder**" **Boghossian** (July 22, 1937 &ndash; May 4, 2003) daa nyɛla Ethiopian-Armenian peenta mini nuuni tuunbaŋsim karimba. O bela United States ka kahi tumdi ni

## Piligu biɛhigu
Bɛ daa dɔɣi la Boghossian la silimin goli July 22, 1937,  Addis Ababa, Ethiopia tiŋzuɣu, yuuni ni pirigili Italo-Abyssinian tobu din pahipahiri nyaaŋa. O ma, Weizero Tsedale Wolde Tekle, daa nyɛla Ethiopia nira. O ba, Kosrof Gorgorios Boghossian, daa nyɛla ŋun be Kebur Zabagna (Imperial Bodyguard) ka yina Armenian. Boghossian lahi nyɛla ŋun mali tuzupaɣa , Aster Boghossian, ni bɛli ŋun nya doo, Mulugeta Kassa.

Boghossian ba daa nyɛla ŋun pahi ka bɛ zaɣ'siri Italian tuma tumbu ka di ŋa zuɣu daa che ka be kpɛhi o sarika yuma ayopɔin ka Boghossian na nyɛla yuun’ yini bia. O ma ŋun yiya ti lahi kuli doo che bɛ mini bɛ ba, amaa o mini tuzupaɣa Aster (Esther) daa kuli nyɛla ban kaari bɛ ma ŋɔ saha kam, bɛ daa wumsiba la bɛ ba Kathig Boghassian yiŋa. Kathig, ŋun daa nya kparilim minisita paa, n-ti pahi bɛ pirinima ni bapira n-daa kuli nye ban sɔŋ wumsiba saha shɛli bɛ ba ni daa sarika ni.

O daa nyɛla ŋun chaŋ bihi shikuru ka bɛ daa wuhi o Ge'ez script. O  piraamari mini sɛkɛndiri shikuru ŋuna, ban daa wuhi o daa nyɛla  Ethiopia kaeimbanima mini tiŋduya karimbanima ka o zinli daa valigi  Amharic, Armenian, English, ni French. O daa bɔhim bobu la  Teferi Mekonnen School. O lahi nyɛla ŋun bɔhim Stanislaw Chojnacki sani, Ethiopia bobu taarihi baŋda ni watakala peenta. French Canadian filosofa ni peenta, Jacques Goudbet, gba daa lahi nyɛla ŋun mali nuu timbu Boghossian ni, n-daa che ka o peentira ka di pala muɣisiɣu.

Bipoli tali zuŋu,  African American ʒiʒindi kpee ni daŋ mabia, Larry Erskine daa bi ti o la o zilinkom ko zaŋ kpa o bobu polo, amaa o daa lahi zaŋ o wuhi America yila ŋan nya jazzi la, ka hali ni o nyɛvuli tariga, lala  jazzi yila ŋɔ n-daa yi kuli ŋmɛra saha kam o yi ti peentira. O wuhiya ni jazzi yili ŋɔ nyɛla  "yɛltɔɣa kpeeni sɛnchiri pishi ŋɔ ni. Di pa ninvuɣu yino; di pa tiɛha kaŋa, di nyɛla hankali parisi sin gahim yi di ko laɣimbu... hankali parisi niŋimbu saha kam... di nyɛla ti ni mali shɛli, gbaŋ sabila, ban nya boburiba...".

## Maŋmaŋa biɛhigu
Boghossian mini Marily Pryce daa baŋla taba Paris, yuuni 1964, sahashɛli o ni daa bɔhindi shiniinima yaabu. Bɛ daa niŋla amikiya Tuskegee, Alabama, Pryce's, amaa di bahigu bɛ daa chela taba. O malila bihi ayi, Aida Mariam mini Edward Addisu, tizo-paɣa, ni yaansi anahi.

## Siyaasa mini kaya ni taɣada hankali
Dini daa niŋ ka saha shɛŋa o be Paris la, Boghossian daa tooi diri fiila jɛndiri siyaasa mini kaya ni kpɛri tab’ ni shɛm, n-tiriti wuhiri Frantz Fanon, Aimé Césaire, Cheikh Anta Diop ni hankali parisi ŋan be  bobu ni kamani Paul Klee. Peentanima ban yuya di ka polo ni kamani Gerard Sekoto n-daa nya ŋun wuhi o Cuban peenta biinga, Wifredo Lam. O daa lahi nyɛla ŋun tum ni West Africa boburiba shɛba.
"Black Power" nim mini "Black Arts Movement" siyaasa United States nyɛla din dɔ polo ka ŋmani di daa kpaŋsi o peentibu ni taachi shɛŋa kamani *Black Emblem* (1969), *The End of the Beginning* (1972), ni *DMZ* (1975). O niŋgbuna niŋbu ni “Black Arts Movement” nyɛla din sɔŋ o tuma pam.

## tima mini di nuu timbu
Boghossian, kamani gbaŋ sabila ban daa nyɛ Amarikanima lala saha maa, daa nyɛla kaɣa yɛl’ bɔbigu ni shihiranima. O daa nyɛla zaŋ adiini bɔbigu simbulinim' pahi o biɛhigu mini o tuma ni, adiininim’ kamani dolodolo hali ti kpa Africa Santerian. O daa piligiri la o dabsili ni St. Michael kom yɔɣ'gili o yiŋa, ni ma di buɣa fiila, bɔri chɛlpaŋ mini abarika O daa ti zaɣisi tuun shɛli o ni daa tumdi tiri Ethiopia ɛmbezi ka ni nyɛla ŋun doli o tumdi ni daa piligi tuma ka o na bi di o buɣa fiila. O zaɣa ni lala bɛnyɛra ŋɔ daa pala adiini zuɣu, amaa karachi ŋun bɔri ni o ti o yaanima jiima, di ni ka o yina Armenia mini Ethiopia la zuɣu. Hankali shɛli o ni daa nya “däbtära” anfooninim’ ni, o daa zaŋ binshɛɣu shɛli o ni booni “quflfu,” bee “interlocked” ku bukaata. Lala beni ŋɔ nyɛla zaŋ anfooninima mini mihi laɣim taba. Laɣa ti laɣimbu ŋɔ nyɛla din lahi wuhiri Ethiopian machɛli tali kamani piɛri ni kaɣa nɛma, ni “tebab”. Boghossian daa lahi nyɛla ŋun ni tooi zaŋ däbtära, n-yihi anfooni maŋmaŋa ka che di shilinʒia.

Tim’ yiriŋ valibu mini o tima tima yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ gba daa nyɛla sɔŋdi o tuma polo. Yɛltɔɣa ŋmahi ŋɔ, “a visualization of “Franz Kafka”, ni *The Metamorphosis*, nyɛla din laɣim diba ayi ŋɔ viɛnyɛla. O yi daa tooi nyu dam naai, Boghossian nyɛla ŋun yɛn buɣisi birimbu zaŋ chaŋ zaɣ’ biɛɣu mini zaɣ’ viɛlli polo. Ŋɔ nyɛla a ni yɛn nya shɛli *Metamorphoses* ka zaɣ’ biɛtali voori o labisiri dam polo, ka zaɣ’ viɛl’ tali mi kpamdi o jaande ni o che. Lala birimbu ŋɔ nyɛla din be tuma nim pam puuni.

## Sitaali mini baŋsim

A yi kpuɣi a zuɣu lihi o tuma, a ni nya ka be peenti peenti Ethiopia dolodolo duri dikiya ka di nyɛla kurumbuni ha dina. Lala  It is from this cultural fountain that once included three-fourths of "Ancient Egypt", the builders of the great pyramids and the cradle of civilization, that the artist drew inspiration from.
A yi lihi o peentibu ŋɔ zaa, o nyɛla zaɣisim nyɛla din be ni o zaŋ peentibu wuhi, n-nam bobu ka a yi tuui lihili ka di ŋmani zaɣ'yini, anfooni din piripiri,  ka di zaa mali di ni ŋmani binshɛɣu. O daa bori ni o yi peenti, ka ŋun kam lihili mali o tiɛha ni nya shɛm zaŋ chaŋ di polo, n-tiɛhiri ka mani o ni niŋ shɛm hali ka di be lala maa. Boghossian daa nyɛla peentiri viɛla pam.

## Shikuru mini tuma
Boghossian daa pini saha shɛli bɛ ni daa puhiri Haile Selassie I chuɣu yuuni 1954. Yuuni din daa pa di zuɣu, o daa nya gɔmnanti sikolaship chaŋ London ni o ti bɔhim “Saint Martin's School of Art” shikuru ni, “Central School of Art and Design”, ni “Slade School of Fine Art”, ka daa tuɣi chaŋ Paris yuma ayi nyaaŋa n-ti bɔhim ka lahi wuhi "Académie de la Grande Chaumière" mini "Beaux-Arts de Paris|Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux Arts". O ni daa nya taba ban gba zaɣa be peentibu ni bobu ŋɔ ni kamani, Leopold Sedar Sendhor minj Madelaine Rousseux, Boghossian daa nya soli ka laɣingu yuli “Negro Artis and Writers” boli o ni o kana bɛ laɣim jabgu din pahiri ayi ka daa yɛn niŋ Rome yiŋ tiŋgbani ni. Ŋɔ n-ti pahi o ni daa lahi di shɛli yuuni 1964 din daa niŋ ka o zaŋ o peentibu wuhi salo Galerie Lambert la daa yooi soli ti o ka bɛ boli o ni o pahi avant-garde movement nim.zuɣu, ka di daa bi yuui ka o yi dini ti pahi André Breton zuɣu ka bɛ tumda. Yuuni 1966, o daa labi yiŋa n-ti wuhiri Addis Ababa shikuru yuli booni “School of Fine Arts” hali ni 1969.  Yuuni 1970, o daa yiya labi  United States, n-ti lu Atlanta tuuli, dini ka o daa niŋ niŋgbuna Black Arts Movement ka daa wuhi shikuru yuli booni Atlanta yaɣ'li din tam gbaŋ sabila peentibu, n-daa yi dini ti lahi Washington, D.C., ka daa wuhi Howard University yuuni 1972 hali 2001.

Boghossian n-daa nyɛ tuuli gbaŋ sabinli peenta so ŋun peentibu daa kpe "Musee d’Art Moderne" ban be Paris ni daa yuuni 1963. Yuuni 1965, ʒɛmana aati mɛʒium din be New York la daa da o peentibu din yuli booni *Juju's Wedding* (1964).

Yuuni 1977, o daa lee gbaŋ sabinli tuuli ŋun peenti "First Day Cover" zaŋ n-ti United Nations. Laɣingu yuli booni "World Federation of United Nations Associations" n-daa zaŋ o wuhi salo. O alikkalimi mini inki din daa bo "Tuhimi Niŋgbuŋ kom gaŋbu" niŋ gbaŋ nyaaŋa ni sitaamp din daa doli li daa nyɛla ŋan yina silimin goli September 19, 1977.

Yuuni 2001, Boghossia daa tumya ni Kebedech Tekleab komitii din yuli daa booni *Nexus* zaŋ n-ti Ethiopia Ɛmbɛzi din be Washington, D.C la. Lala tuun' shɛli bɛ ni daa tum ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ alimiinium baɣya'da mɛ tampima (365 x 1585&nbsp;cm) ka zaŋ li tam ɛmbɛzi ŋɔ dikili zuɣu. *Nexus* ŋɔ nyɛla naɣ'chiinsi nɛma, Ethiopia adiini pateesanim’ mini simbulinima din nya dolodolo adiini, Judaiz adiini, musulinsi ni kaya ni taɣada simbuli shɛŋa din nya yili kurima kpatuɣa.

Di bi yuui, Boghossian nyɛla “Contemporary African Art Gallery” nim ni zani n-ti New York tiŋgbani ni.

Ethiopia anashaara karim zɔŋda nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ o yuli boli, ni "Skunder Boghossian College of Performing and Visual Arts".

## Kpibu

Boghossian daa kpila Anashaara goli May 4, 2003, Howard University Hospital din be Washington, DC. O daa nyɛla yuun pihiyɔbu ni anu.

## Pina
* O daa di Haile Selassie tuuli pini zaŋ jɛndi aati viɛli, yuuni1967.
* O daa di "Contemporary African Painter"s, First Prize, din daa niŋ Munich, Germany la, yuuni 1967.
* O daa di gbaŋ sabila ʒii din pahiri pihita yin'ka  pini, din daa niŋ Spelman College, Atlanta, Georgia la, yuuni 1970.
* O daa lahi deei "District of Columbia" nintiɣ'bo shɛhirili gbaŋ.
* O daa deeiUnited Nations Special Committee Against Apartheid nintiɣ'bo shɛhirili gbaŋ, yuuni 1984.
* O daa di "City of Miami Beach", Florida, nintiɣ'bo shɛhirili gbaŋ, yuuni 1985.
*O daa di Ethiopian Ɛbɛzi
kpaŋmaŋa pini, yuuni  2000.

## Tuma din gahim

* *Night Flight of Dread and Delight* 1964
* *Axum* 1967
* *The End of the Beginning* 1973
* *African Images* 1980
* *Time Cycle III* 1981
* *The Metamorphoses* 1982
* *Jacob’s Ladder* 1984
* *Nexus* 2001

## Zaŋ wuhi
Din dɔ gbunni ŋɔ nyɛla o ni daa zaŋ o peentibu tumanima wuhi salo luɣi shɛŋa

* Contemporary Ethiopian art din daa niŋ "Smithsonian Institution" National Museum of African Art.
*Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris.
*National Museum of African Art din daa niŋ Washington D.C.
*Tiŋduya Minisita duu, Addis Ababa.
*Yuuni 1965: Biennale din pahiri anahi, Paris.
*Yuuni 1966: Salon de Comparison.
*Yuuni 1972: Studio Museum din be Harlem.
*Yuuni 2002: The Short Century: Independence and Liberation Movements in Africa, 1945-1994

## Kundivihira