Chinua Achebe

Chinua Achebe (/ˈtʃɪnwɑː əˈtʃɛbeɪ/ (listen);  O dɔɣim yuli Albert Chinụalụmọgụ Achebe; November gɔli biɛɣu pia ni ayɔbu dali ka bɛ daa dɔɣi o yuuni 1930 – March  gɔli biɛɣu pishi ni yini dali yuuni 2013) daa nyɛla Nigerian Salin'waɣinla sabiriba , , yɛltɔɣa taɣimalisi yɛriba nti pahi critic bɛ ni zaŋ so zali ni ŋuna n-nyɛ modern African literature nima nyabili. O tuuli Salin'waɣinli mini o magnum opus din yuli nyɛ“ Things Fall Apart " yuuni(1958), O daa  kuli deela ʒii zaa African literature mini din kpalim ka nyɛ niriba ni bɔhim shɛli pam, ka lahi  lɛbigi , ka karim African Salin'waɣinla .  Things Fall Apart ni o No longer at ease Lahabali (1960)yuuni, nti pahi Arrow of God (1964) din pahi naai kundi shɛli o ni bɔli ni “African Trilogy" maa; nyaaŋa Salin'waɣila shɛŋa o ni daa sabi pahi n-nyɛ; A man Of the people (1966), nti pahi Anthills Of the Savannah (1987). West nima booni la Achebe ni “Father of Africa Literature" amaa ka o ku zaɣisi yuli maa.

Bɛ dɔɣi o la Ogidi, Colonial Nigeria, Achebe bilim ni, Igbo kali ni taada mini Post Colonial dolodolotali daa nyɛla din be o biɛhigu puuni.

O nyɛla ŋun chaŋ shikuruti pam ka daa lahi chaŋ shikuru shɛli din pa booni University of Ibadan, luɣ'shɛli o ni daa niŋ ninmɔhi zaŋ chaŋ Western Literature ni lihiri ti Africa Literature shɛm. O ni daa labi na Nigeria o gbaŋmaŋa deebu ni nyaaŋa o daa tummi n-ti  Nigeria Broadcasting service (NBS) ka daa nya tinduya nima zaŋsim zaŋ chaŋ o Salin'waɣinla kundi shɛli o ni daa sabi yuuni(1958) ka bolli ni Things Fall Apart. Kamani yuun'pia o ni tooi zaŋ kundinima anahi n-wuhi salo ka nyɛla Heinemann n yɛn zaŋ li wuhi salo, lala nira maa ka o zaŋ pili Heinemann Africa Writers Series maa, ka yirigi African sasabiriba Ngugi Wa, Thiong' o no Flora Nwapa m-bahi.

Achebe daa borimi ni o lɔɣi Colonial nima tiɛhi ni daa nyɛ shɛm zaŋ kpa Africa Literature lala saha maa, ka daa vuugii o maŋa ka Igbo zuliya maa kaya ni taada, Dolodolo hankali zuli,nti pahi zab'shɛli din daa lu Western mini African values Sunsuuni din daa yɛn nam  African yee din yi di ko. O daa sabi mi niŋ ka gu ka taɣi silimiinsili zuliya zaŋ ku bukaata, ka buɣisi li kamani sodol'shɛli din yɛn che ka niriba pam wum di yɛla, dibahabahindi ban daa karimdi Colonial national. Yuuni 1975 puuni, o daa ti la lecture shɛli din mali yɛltɔɣa gola, “ An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness", din daa nyɛ tin'tariga postcolonial discourse saha. Ka zaŋ wuhi salo The Massachusetts Review puuni, di daa jɛndi la galimi zaŋ kpa Albert Schweitzer mini Joseph Conrad sunsuuni,  ninvuɣ' shɛba Achebe ni daa buɣisi shɛba ni “ a thoroughgoing racist". Di ni daa niŋ ka Biafira yaɣ'shɛli daa wurim n-yi kpaŋ ni Nigeria yuuni 1967,  Achebe daa nyɛla ŋun sɔŋ Biafran maŋsulinsi deebu ka daa na lee daambolo zaŋ ti niriba ban daa be di tooni. Nigeria Civil War shɛŋa din daa pun niŋ niŋ gari  

## O Sabbu
• Achebe, Chinua (1958). Things Fall Apart. London: Heinemann. New York: Astor-Honor, 1959.

• —— (1960). No Longer at Ease. London: Heinemann. New York: Obolensky, 1961.

• —— (1964). Arrow of God. London: Heinemann. New York: John Day, 1967.

•—— (1966). A Man of the People. London: Heinemann. New York: John Day, 1966.

•—— (1987). Anthills of the Savannah. London: Heinemann. New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1987
Short stories[198][199]

•Achebe, Chinua (1951). "In a Village Church".[200]

•—— (1952a). "The Old Order in Conflict with the New". University Herald. (Revised as Achebe 1962b and Achebe 1972b)

•—— (1953). "Dead Men's Path". (Republished in Achebe 1962a[201])

•—— (1960). "Chike's School Days". Rotarian. 96 (4): 19–20.

•—— (1962a). The Sacrificial Egg and Other Stories. Onitsha: Etudo Ltd.

•—— (1962b). "Beginning of the End". The Sacrificial Egg and Other Stories. (A revision of Achebe 1952a; revised in Achebe 1972b)

•—— (1965). The Voter.

•—— (1971). "Civil Peace". Okike. 2.[202]

•—— (1972). "Sugar Baby". Okike. 3: 8–16.

•—— (1972a). Girls at War and Other Stories. London: Heinemann. Garden City: Doubleday, 1973.
—— (1972b). "Marriage Is a Private Affair". Girls at War and Other Stories.[203] (A revision of Achebe 1962b and Achebe 1972b)[204]
—— (1972c). "Vengeful Creditor". Girls at War and Other Stories.

•——; Innes, C. L., eds. (1985). African Short Stories: Twenty Stories from Across the Continent. Portsmouth: Heinemann.[202]

•——; Innes, C. L., eds. (1992). The Heineman Book of Contemporary African Short Stories. Portsmouth: Heinemann.[205]
Poetry[206][207]

•Achebe, Chinua (1951–1952). "There was a Young Man in Our Hall". University Herald. 4 (3): 19.

•—— (1971). Beware Soul Brother and Other Poems. Enugu: Nwankwo-Ifejika. London: Heinemann, 1972.
—— (1973). Christmas in Biafra and Other Poems. Garden City: Doubleday.
—— (1973). "Flying". Okike. 4: 47–48.

—— (1974). "The Old Man and the Census". Okike. 6: 41–42.
——; Okafor, Dubem, eds. (1978). Don't Let Him Die: An Anthology of Memorial Poems for Christopher Okigbo. Enugu: Fourth Dimension Publishers.
——; Lyons, Robert (1998). Another Africa. New York: Anchor Books.
—— (2004). Collected Poems. London: Penguin Books.
Essays, criticism and articles[208]

Achebe, Chinua (21 February 1951). "Philosophy". The Bug: 5.
—— (1951). "An Argument Against the Existence of Faculties". University Herald. 4 (1): 12–13.
—— (1951–1952). "Editorial". University Herald. 4 (3): 5.
—— (1952). "Editorial". University Herald. 5 (1): 5.
—— (29 November 1952). "Mr. Okafor Versus Arts Students". The Bug: 3.
—— (29 November 1952). "Hiawatha". The Bug: 3

## O BIƐHIGU PILIGU
## KUNDIVIHIRA