Candombe

***Candombe*** nyɛla yila mini waa din piligi Uruguay ka ban daa piligi li nyɛ African slaves. Yuuni 2009,  United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) nyɛla ban daa zaŋ *candombe* pahi Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

C*andombe* nyɛla din niŋdi Argentina, Paraguay, n-ti pahi Brazil. Argentina, di nyɛla din be Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Paraná, n-ti pahi Corrientes. Paraguay,candombe nyɛla din tuɣi Camba Cuá and din Fernando de la Mora ka miri Asunción. Brazil, *candombe* nyɛla din labi deei di adiini biɛhigu ka nyɛ din be Minas Gerais.

Uruguayan yila ŋɔ nyɛla din doli binkumda koŋkoba dibaa ata: chico, repique, n-ti pahi piano. Di nyɛla bɛn tooi ŋmɛri shɛli silimin gɔli February carnival in Montevideo saha waa wabu shɛhi bɛn booni *llamadas* mini *desfile inaugural del carnaval*.

## Di pili li

### Common origins

Lahabali din yina George Reid Andrews wuhiya ni black communities in Latin America,  19th century nyaaŋa "younger black" ninsali nim nyɛla ban daa che *candombe* niŋbu ka di nyɛla bɛ daa bɔhindi la European wahi kamani waltz, schottische, n-ti pahi mazurka. Lala ŋɔ zuɣu  Uruguay ninvuɣ shɛba nyɛla ban daa piligi yila ŋɔ mini waa ŋɔ taɣibu. Ka booni bɛ maŋ Los Negros, upper class porteños yuuni 1860s mini yuuni 1870s.

African-Uruguayans nyɛla ban niŋdi candombe wahi alahiri dabisili kam mini vuhim dabisa din gahim kamani New Year's Eve, Christmas, Saint Baltasar, Rosary Virgin n-ti pahi Saint Benito. Bɛ yɛn mali la buɣim ka di bei binkumda ŋɔ ka ŋmɛri candombe yila ŋɔ yuŋ tiŋ shɛŋa ni kamani Barrio Sur mini Palermo din be Montevideo.

Yuuni 1913, waa puuni taarihi nyɛla din daa piigi "Viejo Tanguero" ("Old Tangoer") din daa sabi yuuni 1877 , waa piligu ka boli *tango* amaa ka di binshɛŋa ŋmani *candombe*. Waa ŋɔ, din daa ti niŋ ka niriba baŋ li ni "soft tango," nyɛla African Argentines ni daa piligi shɛli.

Yuuni 1883, waa baŋda ni "folklorist" Ventura Lynch daa buɣisi la Afro-Argentine waa wariba *compadritos* ("tough guys"). Lynch daa sabi ya, " milonga nyɛla waa zaŋ n-ti ninvuɣ shɛba ban nyɛ *compadritos* zaŋ n-ti tiŋ maa ni". Lynch's lahabali ŋɔ nyɛla din daa yina Robert Farris Thompson ŋun be *Tango.* Thompson nyɛla ŋun daa baŋ ni kalinli zaŋ n-ti tiŋ ŋɔ tu ni bɛ zaŋ "blacks" mini "mulattoes" pahi din yɛn che ka waa ŋɔ pa vi bin zaŋ n-ti waa wariba ŋɔ.

### Argentina

Candombe nyɛla din piligi Angola, ka bɛ daa na zaŋ li tahi South America 17th mini 18th centuries saha, ka ban daa zaŋ li kpɛ ŋɔ nyɛla ninvuɣ shɛba bɛn daa kuhi dabbakingdom of Kongo, Anziqua, Nyong, Quang ni din pahi. Lala biɛhigu ŋɔ zaŋ candombe kpɛhi Brazil , yaɣa kamani ( Salvador de Bahia), Cuba, n-ti pahi Río de la Plata ni di tiŋ zuɣu Buenos Aires mini Montevideo.

Gban'sabila dabba kalinli nyɛla din be Buenos Aires tum yuuni 1580. Amaa, miscegenation ni gban'piɛlla kalinli nyɛla din kuli pahira ( Argentina nyɛla din nya paai 6 million European immigrants) .

Buenos Aires, saha shɛli bɛn daa mali gomnanti nim ayi zaŋ n-yi Juan Manuel de Rosas, di daa nyɛla din niŋ bayana n-ti “*afroporteños*” (ninvuɣ shɛba ban nyɛ gban'sabila ka be Buenos Aires) ni be niŋ candombe, ka daa nyɛ binshɛli Rosas mini o bia ŋun nyɛ paɣa Manuela ni daa kpaŋsiri shɛli. Rosas nyɛla ninvuɣ ŋun daa koŋ nasara tɔbu zaŋ n-ti Caseros yuuni 1852, ka Buenos Aires nyɛ ban daa niŋ yomyom piligi biɛhi shɛŋa taɣibu din daa kuli jɛndi European culture. Din bɔŋɔ zuɣu afroporteños nyɛla ban daa kpalim suɣiri niŋdi bɛ biɛhi shɛŋa. Lala ŋɔ zuɣu, bin din gbaai yuuni 1862, lahabali tiriba, siyaasa niŋdiba nyɛla ban tiri daliri shɛŋa dabam zaŋ chaŋ daliri shɛli din che Afro-Argentine lahi kan.

Vihigu niŋdiba pam saɣiti ni Candombe nyɛ din tahi Milonga ka di nyɛ talahi bin zaŋ n-ti Argentine tango. Lala yila mini waa ŋɔ nyɛ din tahi "Sureña Milonga" na. Yɛlimaŋli, tango, milonga n-ti pahi candombe nyɛla musical triptych ka di zaa nyɛ gban'sabila ninsali nim ni piligi shɛli.

Tuuli, Candombe nyɛla binshɛli gban'sabila ninsali nim koŋko ni daa niŋda, ka daa bo luɣ'shɛli bɛn daa niŋdi li ka boli “Tangós”. Zuŋɔ, candombe nyɛla binshɛli  Afro-Argentine mini ban pa gban'sabila ni yiinda ka wari shɛli Argentina. Corrientes Province, candombe nyɛla din be adiini churi ni zaŋ n-ti San Baltasar,  folk patron saint zaŋ n-ti Black Argentines.

## Lihimi m-pahi
* Afro-Uruguayan
* Afro-Argentine
* Music of Uruguay
* Culture of Uruguay
* Argentine tango
* Music of Argentina
* Culture of Argentina
* Murga
* Rubén Rada
* Jaime Roos
* Mariana Ingold
* Tina Ferreira

## Kundivihira
; Notes

; Bibliography

* Andrews, George Reid (1919). *[https://www.jstor.org/stable/156406 Race versus Class Association: The Afro-Argentines of Buenos Aires, 1800–1900]*. Journal of Latin American Studies, May 1979, Vol. 11, No. 1.
* Collier, Cooper, Azzi and Martin (1995). *Tango! The Dance, the Song, the Story*. Thames and Hudson, Ltd. pages 44, 45. 
* Thompson, Robert Farris (2005). *Tango The Art History of Love*. Pantheon Books. 
* Cirio, Norberto Pablo (2008). *Ausente con aviso. ¿Qué es la música afroargentina?*. In Federico Sammartino y Héctor Rubio (Eds.), *Músicas populares : Aproximaciones teóricas, metodológicas y analíticas en la musicología argentina*. Córdoba: Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, pages 81–134 and 249–277.
* Cirio, Norberto Pablo (2011). *Hacia una definición de la cultura afroargentina*. In *Afrodescendencia. Aproximaciones contemporáneas de América Latina y el Caribe*. México: ONU, pages 23–32. http://www.cinu.mx/AFRODESCENDENCIA.pdf .

## External links
* Candombe (Dutch/English/French/Italian/Portuguese/Spanish)
* candombe.com.uy
* Candombe and tango dinner show at Montevideo
* Al rescate del candombe afroporteño 
* Uruguay gets a Female Beat (English)