Alafiɛ

**Alafiɛ** / **Alaafee** nyɛla binwalli din mali kom pam ka lahi dira. Vihigu puuni wuhiya ni alaafee tooi zooya ka di bela Amarika wuliŋ'puhili polo. Di mali la "vitamin C", ka di viɛli n ti salo alaafee pam. Alaafiɛ walli mali la gohi di ningbungbaŋ zuɣu ka lahi mali va'kaɣila di nyoli ni.

## Alafiɛ anfaani nima.

# Di nyɛla binwoli shɛli din tibiri ʒiduli.
# Di nyɛla din pahiri ti kɔba ni alaafee bee n kpaŋsiri ti kɔba ni
# Di nyɛla din kuri puuni yuma
#Di nyɛla din tibiri fiɛwfiɛw
#Di lahi kpaŋsiri ni yina kpɛŋ
#Di sɔŋdimi ka ti ni diri bindira shɛŋa zaa wurim ti pulini
#Alafiɛ sɔŋsiri ka ti nina ne viɛn'yɛliŋga
#Di nyɛla din pahiri ninsala ningbuna ni yaa
#Alafiɛ sɔŋsiri m m-polisiri ninsala ningbuna

**Alaafee ŋɔ** (***Ananas comosus***) nyɛla tropical plant shɛli din dira; di ni nyɛ binwali shɛli din niŋ bayana bimbilima daŋ yuli booni Bromeliaceae ni.

Alaafee ŋɔ nyɛla din daa piligi South America, ni ka bɛ daa tooi kuri li kurumbuna ni ha. Alaafee bimbili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli Europe tum 17th century ka di nyɛ binshɛli niriba pam ni daa bora. Tum 1820s, alaafee nyɛla bɛ ni kuri shɛli mali niŋdi daabilim.

Alaafee nyɛla din piligiri zoobu kamani tutuɣu bila; pum shɛŋa din wali wali za di koŋkoba nyɛla din yɛn laɣim taba leei multiple fruit. Bimbili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligiri zoobu di offset din be binwalli ŋɔ zuɣusaa bee di luɣili zuɣu ka nyɛ din niŋdi kamani yuun yini sunsuun.

## Buɣisibu

Alaafee ŋɔ nyɛla herbaceous perennial din zoori paari  di waɣilim, saha shɛŋa di waɣilim ŋɔ nyɛla din gariti la. Bimbili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali da'jia din kpɛma ni vari. Di yi ti namdi binwalli, di tooi zooi ka di niŋdi puma kamani kɔbishi  amaa di zaɣ'kari shɛŋa nyɛla din tooi niŋdi puma ŋɔ gariti lala kalinli ŋɔ. Di yi nam puma ŋɔ naai, pum kam di wali wali zaya nyɛla din yɛn laɣim taba leei multiple fruit. Puma ŋɔ nambu nyaaŋa, di  binshɛli beni ka ban kuri li booni "suckers" nyɛla din yɛn yihi  bee ka di beni ti leei pum binwalli ŋɔ ni. "Sucker" shɛŋa din be di gbunni tooi nyɛla bɛ ni kpaɣiri shɛli. Di vari waɣilim nyɛla din paai kamani . Chira pinaayi zaŋ chaŋ pishi ni, di daɣu maa nyɛla ŋmani inflorescence ka di waɣilim paai kamani .

Binshɛŋa ban tooi yihi alaafee tahiri luɣishɛŋa dabam mɔɣini nyɛ hummingbirds. Mɔɣini alaafee shɛŋa nyɛla binkɔbiri mini zɔŋsi ni yihi tahiri luɣishɛŋa dabam. Kɔbu ni, binwalli ŋɔ nyɛla ninsali nima ni zaŋdi bɛ nuhi wuligiri shɛli ginda din yɛn che ka di bili. Hawaii luɣishɛli bɛ ni kuri alaafee hali ni 20th century, Binwalli ŋɔ wuligi gili ni "hummingbirds" nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli.
## Taxonomy
Alaafee ŋɔ nyɛla ʒiʒibunu zuɣu amaa tuuli ka bɛ daa na yɛlli ni di zaa be la koŋkoba. Di shɛli nyɛ *bracteatus*.

## Taarihi
### Etymology
Tuuli silimiinsili kundivihirili zaŋ n-ti alaafee daa nyɛla yuuni 1568 lɛbigibu din daa yina French  André Thevet's *[[The New Found World, or Antarctike]]* di ni ka o daa yɛlli ni di nyɛla , binwalli shɛli Tupinambá people ni kuri ka dira ka lala niriba ŋɔ nyɛ ban miri Rio de Janeiro,saha ŋɔ ka pa mali dihitabili ni di ni nyɛ alaafee. Di nyaaŋa lala silimiinsili lɛbigibu ŋɔ ni yaha, o daa buɣisi binwalli ŋɔ la "Nana made in the manner of a Pine apple", di ni ka o daa lahi yunsi Tupi bachi  ka di gbunni nyɛ 'binwall din mali jiri'. Lala yuli ŋɔ nyɛla European balla pam ni daa yunsiri shɛli ka daa ti binwalli ŋɔ tabibi yuli  binomial  ka  'tufted' gbunni nyɛ binwalli daɣu. Purchas, silimiinsili sabu ni yuuni 1613, nyɛla ŋun boli binwalli ŋɔ *Ananas amaa ka* *[[Oxford English Dictionary]]* daa tuui boli binwalli ŋɔ alaafee, ŋun daa boli li la di puuni ŋɔ nyɛ silimiinsili sabira Mandeville yuuni 1714.

### Precolonial cultivation
Mɔɣini alaafee ŋɔ nyɛla din daa pili Paraná–Paraguay River bin din gbaai tiŋgbani yuli booni Brazil mini tiŋgbani yuli booni Paraguay sunsuun. Milinsi bela nyɛ din beni zaŋ n-ti li amaa di nyɛla din daa wuligi gili South America. Archaeological shɛhira zaŋ n-ti binwalli ŋɔ yunsibu nyɛla din daa piligi 1200–800 BC (3200–2800 BP) tiŋgbani yuli booni Peru ka daa piligi 200 BC – 700 AD (2200–1300 BP) tiŋgbani yuli booni Mexico, ni ka Mayas mini Aztecs daa kuri li. 1400s naabu ni, alaafee binwalli ŋɔ nyɛla din daa wuligi gili ka daa leei bindirigu zaŋ n-ti American bilichini nima. Tuuli Europe ninvuɣ so ŋun daa nya alaafee ŋɔ n-daa nyɛ Christopher Columbus, o ni daa nya li luɣishɛli maa yuli booni Guadeloupe silimiin goli November dabaa anahi dali yuuni 1493. Portuguese nima nyɛla ban daa zaŋ binwalli ŋɔ yi Brazil ka daa zaŋ li wuhi India nima yuuni 1550.  * ŋɔ gba nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni daa zaŋ wuhi Spanish ban yina Latin America mini [[Philippines]] ka nyɛ bɛ ni daa kuri shɛli 17th century.

Columbus nyɛla ban daa zaŋ binwalli ŋɔ labisina Spain ka daa boli  ka di gbunni nyɛ "pine of the Indians". Alaafee ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ shɛli niŋ Peter Martyr's *Decades of the New World* (1516) mini [[Antonio Pigafetta]]'s  (1524–1525) kundinima ni ka ŋun daa tuui baŋ di gbuuni nyɛ [[Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés|Oviedo's]]  (1535).


=== Old World introduction ===

Alaafee ŋɔ nyɛla binwalli shɛli Europenima ni daa zaŋ shɛli kpɛ bɛ tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla binwalli shɛli din daa na be niŋdi Europe hali ka [[Pieter de la Court van der Voort|Pieter de la Court]] (1664–1739) daa piligi [[greenhouse]] kubu ka di daa miri Leiden. Alaafee binwalli nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ shɛli yi Netherlands kpɛ English gardeners yuuni 1719 mini French yuuni 1730.  England, tuuli alaafee nyɛla bɛ ni daa ko shɛli [[Dorney Court]], [[Dorney]] din be Buckinghamshire ka "pineapple stove"  din yɛn tiri binwalli ŋɔ tulim nyɛ bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli [[Chelsea Physic Garden]] yuuni 1723.  France, King [[Louis XV]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa ti so alaafee shɛli din pun bili [[Garden of Versailles|Versailles]] yuuni 1733.  Russia, [[Peter the Great]] nyɛla ŋun daa zaŋ de la Court's ŋɔ  kpɛhina [[St. Petersburg]] yuuni 1720s; yuuni1730, alaafee pishi nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ shɛli yi ni tahi [[Anna of Russia|Empress Anna]]'s Moscow Nayili.


Pirinla di ʒi kpɛna ŋɔ daa mali laɣa dibu pam ka lahi nyɛ din bori kpariba ban yɛn lihi li ka di zooi leei "pineries", [[Pineapple mania|pineapple became a symbol of wealth]]. Di nyɛla bɛ ni daa na yunsiri shɛli bindira dibu paatinima ni gari bɛ kuli diri li biɛɣ'kam, bɛ daa kuli yunsiri limi bindira dibu paatinima ŋɔ ni hali ka di daa ti piligi saɣimbu. 18th century, binwalli ŋɔ kɔbu  British nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni daa kpaŋsi. [[John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore]] nyɛla ŋun daa miɛ "hothouse" din daa gili kuɣili  [[cupola]] din waɣilim be kamani mita pinaanahi; bɛ booni li la [[Dunmore Pineapple]]. Alaafee ŋɔ nyɛla shɛba ni mali di vari dihi binyɛra nachinsi.

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Tampuhan by Juan Luna.jpg|1895 painting of a Filipina in traditional  dress
File:Barong Up Close.jpg| embroidery on a 
File:Handkerchief (Philippines), 19th century (CH 18386747).jpg|19th century [[handkerchief]] in the [[Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum]]
File:Frock coat MET 63.25 front CP4.jpg|alt=Long sleeved jacket|Frock coat, 1840–1849, Philippines, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]
</gallery>

== Lihimi m-pahi ==


* [[Big Pineapple]]
* [[Pineapple cutter]]
* [[Pineapple cake]]
* [[Pineapple tart]]
* [[Vazhakulam pineapple]]



== Kundivihira ==


== Bibliography ==

* Menzel, Christopher. "Tropical and Subtropical Fruit". *Encyclopedia of Agricultural Science Volume 4*. . Charles J Arntzen. New York: Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc., Academic Press, 2012. 380–382.


== External links ==

* [http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/pineapple.html Pineapple Fruit Facts] —information on pineapples from [[California Rare Fruit Growers]]
* [https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2018/04/25/the-strange-history-of-the-king-pine/ "The Strange History of the 'King-Pine] from *The Paris Review''

## Kundivihira