Etel Adnan

**Etel Adnan** (24 February 1925 – 14 November 2021), o daa nyɛla Lebanese-American nira ŋun niŋdi yɛltɔɣataɣamalisi, ka lahi nyɛ ŋun duraanyira. Yuuni 2003, Adnan daa nyɛla *MELUS: Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States ni daa piigi so ŋun kpaŋdi o maŋa pam sabbu ni*.

## Biɛhigu
Etel N. Adnan nyɛla bɛ ni daa dɔɣi so yuuni 1925, Beirut, Lebanon. Adnan ma, Rose "Lily" Lacorte, daa nyɛla Greek Orthodox ŋun yina Smyrna ka o ba, Assaf Kadri, daa nyɛ Sunni Muslim-Turkish, ka lahi nyɛ "Ottoman officer" so bɛ ni dɔɣu Damascus, Ottoman Syria.

Assaf Kadri ma daa nyɛla Albanian. Adnan yab'doo daa nyɛla Turkish soldier. O ba daa yila daŋ ban mali liɣiri ni na. O daa nyɛla woofisa ŋun mini Mustafa Kemal Atatürk daa laɣim ʒini shikuru du yini "military academy." Lala n lahi nyɛli, Adnan ma daa nyɛla bɛ ni wumsi so niŋ fara ni; o laamba daa chirigila Smyrna dini daa niŋk ka "World War I" tɔbu tuhiri ka o ba daa nyɛ woofisa ŋun tumdi Smyrna. Di ni daa niŋ ka Ottoman Empire saha gari, Adnan laamba daa kuli Beirut. 

## Sabbu

### Siliminsili

* *Shifting the silence*, Nightboat, 2020
* *Time*, Nightboat, 2020
* *Surge*, Nightboat, 2018
* *Night*, Nightboat, 2016
* *Life Is a Weaving*, Galerie Lelong  (2016) .
* *Premonition*, Kelsey Street Press  (2014) .
* *To look at the sea is to become what one is: An Etel Adnan Reader*, edited by Thom Donovan, Brandon Shimoda, Ammiel Alcalay, and Cole Swensen, Nightboat Books (2014)
* *Sea and Fog*, Nightboat Books (2012)
* *Master of the Eclipse* (2009)
* *Seasons* (2008)
* *In the Heart of the Heart of Another Country* (2005)
* *In/somnia* (2002)
* *There: In the Light and the Darkness of the Self and of the Other* (1997)
* *To Write in a Foreign Language* (1996)
* *Of Cities and Women, Letters to Fawwaz* (1993)
* *Paris, When It's Naked* (1993)
* *The Spring Flowers Own and the Manifestations of the Voyage* (1990)
* *The Arab Apocalypse* (1989)
* *Journey to Mount Tamalpais: An Essay* (1985)
* *The Indian Never Had a Horse and Other Poems* (1985)
* *From A to Z Poetry* (1982)
* *[[Sitt Marie Rose]]: A Novel* (1978)
* *Moon Shots*, Sausalito-Belvedere Gazette (1967)
* "The Enemy's Testament" in *Where is Vietnam?,* Anchor Books (1967, Walter Lowenfels, ed., )

### Laribanchi ni
* *al-Sitt Mari Ruz: riwayah.* (Sitt Marie Rose.), with Jirum Shahin and Firyal Jabburi Ghazul. Al-Qahirah: al-Hayah al-Ammah li-Qusur al-Thaqafah, yuuni 2000.
* *n mudun wa-nisa: rasail il Fawwaz*. (Of Cities and Women.) Bayrut: Dar al-Hihar, yuuni 1998.
* *Kitab al-bahr; kitab al-layal; kitab al-mawt; kitab al-nihayah*, with Abid Azarih. Bayrut: Dar Amwaj, yuuni 1994.
* *al-Sitt Marie Ruz*. Bayrut: al-Mu-assasah al-Arabiyah lil-Dirasat wa-al-Nashr, yuuni 1979.

### Faransi

* *Voyage, guerre, exil*, L'Echoppe, 2020
* *Un printemps inattendu (entretiens)*, Galerie Lelong, 2020
* *Grandir et devenir poète au Liban*, L'Echoppe, 2019
* *Tolérance*, L'Echoppe, 2018
* *Nuit*, Editions de l'Attente, 2017
* *La vie est un tissage*, Galerie Lelong, 2016 
* *Mer et brouillard*, Editions de l'Attente, 2017
* *A propos de la fin de l'Empire Ottoman*, Galerie Lelong, 2015
* *Le Prix que nous ne voulons pas payer pour l'amour*, Galerie Lelong, 2015
* *Prémonition*, Galerie Lelong, 2015
* *Là-bas*, Editions de l'Attente, 2013
* *Paris mis a nu*. France: Éditions Tamyras, 2011, translated by Martin Richet.
* *Ce ciel qui n'est pas*. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1997.
* *Ce ciel qui n'est pas*. Bilingual edition (French-Arabic): Tunis: Tawbad, 2008.
* *Rachid Korachi: Ecriture passion*, with Rachid Korachi and Jamel-Eddine Bencheikh. Alger: Galerie Mhamed Issiakhem, 1988.
* *L'apocalypse arabe*. Paris: Papyrus Éditions, 1980.
* *Sitt Marie Rose*. Paris: Des Femmes, 1978.
* *Jbu: Suivi de l'Express Beyrouth enfer*. Paris: P.J. Oswald, 1973.

## Tuma

* 2022 *Etel Adnan/Vincent van Gogh* - Kleur als Taal, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
* 2021 *new works*, Sfeir-Semler Gallery, Hamburg, Germany
* *Etel Adnan: Light's New Measure*, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York 
* 2020 *The uprising of colors*, Sfeir-Semler Karantina, Beirut, Lebanon
* 2020 *WO DIE ZITRONEN BLÜHEN...*, Sfeir-Semler Gallery, Hamburg, Germany
* 2020 *Satellites et Planètes*, Galerie Lelong & Co, Paris
* 2019 *Leporellos*, Galerie Lelong & Co, Paris
* 2019 ''Etel Adnan et les modernes'', MUDAM, Luxembourg
* 2019 ''Etel Adnan: Each day is a whole world'', Aspen Art Museum, Aspen
* 2018 Work: Etel Adnan'', SFMOMA, San Francisco
* 2018 *Parler aux fleurs*, Galerie Lelong & Co, Paris
* 2018 Zentrum Paul Klee, Bern, Suisse
* 2018 Estampes originales, Galerie Lelong & Co, Art Basel, Basel, Switzerland
* 2018 Tout ce que je fais est mémoire, Chateau La Coste, Le Puy Ste Réparade, France
* 2018 La Fulgurance du geste, Fondation Jan Michalski, Montricher, Basel, Switzerland
* 2018 *Tapisseries et estampes*, Galerie Lelong & Co, Paris
* 2017 *Sea and Fog*, Oakville Galleries, Oakville, Canada
* 2017 *L'emozione dei COLORI nell'arte*, GAM, Castello di Rivoli, Italy
* 2016 *Paintings · Drawings · Tapestries · Writing*, Sfeir-Semler Gallery, Hamburg, Germany
* 2016 *A Tremendous Astronomer*, Galerie Lelong, Paris
* 2016 Institut du Monde Arabe, Paris
* 2016 Serpentine Gallery, London
* 2016 Galerie Lelong, Paris
* 2015 Museum Haus Konstruktiv, Zurich
* 2015 Galerie Lelong Paris 
* 2015 Saltwater, Istanbul Biennale
* 2015 Galerie Lelong, New York
* 2015 Irish Museum of Modern Art (IMMA ), Dublin
* 2015 Sharjah Biennial 12: The past, the present, the possible , Sharjah Art Museum, UAE
* 2014 *Etel Adnan in all her dimensions*, MATHAF, Doha, Qatar
* 2014 Writing Mountains, Museum der Moderne, Salzburg
* 2014 New Museum, New York
* 2014 Whitney Biennale, Whitney Museum, New York
* 2013 *Etel Adnan*, Sfeir-Semler Karantina, Beirut, Lebanon
* 2012 *Works 1956–2012*, Sfeir-Semler Gallery, Hamburg, Germany
* 2012 DOCUMENTA (13), Kassel, Germany
* 2010 *Paintings and Drawings*, Sfeir-Semler Karantina, Beirut, Lebanon

## Lihi pahi
* 

## Kundivihira

## Bibliography
* Amireh, Amal; "Bearing Witness: The Politics of Form in Etel Adnan's *[[Sitt Marie Rose]]*." *Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies*, 2005 Fall; 14 (3): 251–63. (journal article)
* Amyuni, Mona Takieddine. "Etel Adnan & Hoda Barakat: De-Centered Perspectives, Subversive Voices." IN: *Poetry's Voice-Society's Norms: Forms of Interaction between Middle Eastern Writers and Their Societies.* Ed. Andreas Pflitsch and Barbara Winckler. Wiesbaden, Germany: Reichert; 2006. pp.&nbsp;211–21
* Cassidy, Madeline. "'Love Is a Supreme Violence': The Deconstruction of Gendered Space in Etel Adnan's *[[Sitt Marie Rose]]*." IN: *Violence, Silence, and Anger: Women's Writing as Transgression.* Ed. Deirdre Lashgari. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia; 1995. pp.&nbsp;282–90
* Champagne, John G. "Among Good Christian Peoples: Teaching Etel Adnan's *[[Sitt Marie Rose]]*." *College Literature*, 2000 Fall; 27 (3): 47–70.
* Fernea, Elizabeth. "The Case of *[[Sitt Marie Rose]]*: An Ethnographic Novel from the Modern Middle East." IN: *Literature and Anthropology.* Ed. Philip Dennis and Wendell Aycock. Lubbock: Texas Tech UP; 1989. pp.&nbsp;153–164
* Foster, Thomas. "Circles of Oppression, Circles of Repression: Etel Adnan's *[[Sitt Marie Rose]]*." *[[Publications of the Modern Language Association|PMLA]]: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America*, 1995 Jan; 110 (1): 59–74.
* Ghandour, Sabah. "Gender, Postcolonial Subject, and the Lebanese Civil War in *[[Sitt Marie Rose]]*." IN: *The Postcolonial Crescent: Islam's Impact on Contemporary Literature.* Ed. John C. Hawley. New York, NY: Peter Lang; 1998. pp.&nbsp;155–65
* Hajjar, Jacqueline A. "Death, Gangrene of the Soul, in *[[Sitt Marie Rose]]* by Etel Adnan." *Revue Celfan/Celfan Review*, 1988 May; 7 (3): 27–33.
* Hartman, Michelle. "'This Sweet/Sweet Music': Jazz, Sam Cooke, and Reading Arab American Literary Identities." *[[MELUS]]: The Journal of the Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States*, 2006 Winter; 31 (4): 145–65.
* Karnoub, Elisabeth. "'Une Humanité qui ne cesse de crucifier le Christ': Réécriture du sacrifice christique dans *[[Sitt Marie Rose]]* de Etel Adnan." IN: *Victims and Victimization in French and Francophone Literature.* Ed. Buford Norman. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Rodopi; 2005. pp.&nbsp;59–71
* Kilpatrick, Hilary. "Interview with Etel Adnan (Lebanon)." IN: *Unheard Words: Women and Literature in Africa, the Arab World, Asia, the Caribbean and Latin America.* Ed. Mineke Schipper. Trans. Barbara Potter Fasting. London: Allison & Busby; 1985. pp.&nbsp;114–120
* Layoun, Mary N. "Translation, Cultural Transgression and Tribute, and Leaden Feet." IN: *Between Languages and Cultures: Translation and Cross-Cultural Texts.* Ed. Anuradha Dingwaney and Carol Maier. Pittsburgh, PA: U of Pittsburgh P; 1995. pp.&nbsp;267–89
* Majaj, Lisa Suhair. "Voice, Representation and Resistance: Etel Adnan's Sitt Marie Rose." Intersections: Gender, Nation and Community in Arab Women's Novels. Ed. Lisa Suhair Majaj, Paula W. Sunderman and Therese Saliba. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse Univ. Press, 2002. 200–230.
* Majaj, Lisa Suhair and Amal Amireh. Etel Adnan: Critical Essays on the Arab-American Writer and Artist. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Co, 2002.
* Marie, Elisabeth Anne. *Sacrifice, sacrifiée, sacrificatrice: L'étrange triptyque: Sacrifices au féminin dans trois romans francophones libanais.* Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 2003 May; 63 (11): 3961. U of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 2002.
* Mejcher-Atassi, Sonja. "Breaking the Silence: Etel Adnan's *[[Sitt Marie Rose]]* and *The Arab Apocalypse*." IN: *Poetry's Voice-Society's Norms: Forms of Interaction between Middle Eastern Writers and Their Societies.* Ed. Andreas Pflitsch and Barbara Winckler. Wiesbaden, Germany: Reichert; 2006. pp.&nbsp;201–10
* Mustafa, Daliya Sa'id (translator). "Al-Kitabah bi-lughah ajnabiyyah." *Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics*, 2000; 20: 133-43 (Arabic section); 300-01 (English section).
* Muzaffar, May. "Iytil 'Adnan: Qarinat al-nur wa-al-ma'." *Arabi*, 2007 Feb; 579: 64–68.
* Obank, Margaret. "Private Syntheses and Multiple Identities." *[[Banipal|Banipal: Magazine of Modern Arab Literature]]*, 1998 June; 2: 59–61.
* Shoaib, Mahwash. "Surpassing Borders and 'Folded Maps': Etel Adnan's Location in *There*." *Studies in the Humanities*, 2003 June-Dec; 30 (1-2): 21–28.
* "Vitamin P3." Phaidon Press, 2017. 
* Willis, Mary-Angela. "Francophone Literature of the Middle East by Women: Breaking the Walls of Silence." IN: *Francophone Post-Colonial Cultures: Critical Essays.* Ed. Kamal Salhi. Lanham, MD: Lexington; 2003. pp.&nbsp;64–74
* Willis, Mary-Angela. *La Guerre démasquée à travers la voix féminine dans *Sitt Marie Rose* d'Etel Adnan et *Coquelicot du massacre* d'[[Evelyne Accad]].* Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 2002 Mar; 62 (9): 3061. U of Alabama, 2001.

## Further reading
### Works on Etel Adnan
* Etel Adnan, ''Leporellos'', Galerie Lelong & Co., 2020
* Etel Adnan, ''Estampes'', Galerie Lelong & Co. 2019 
* Simone Fattal, *Etel Adnan, la peinture comme énergie pure*, 2016
* Jean Fremon, Etel Adnan, être là. Galerie Lelong, 2015
* 

## Influence on other artists

* Jassem Hindi, *[https://jassemhindi.cargo.site/Laundry-of-Legends-II Laundry of Legends II] *, dance performance based on her poem *The Arab Apocalypse*

## External links

* 
* 
* Translated excerpt from ''Sitt Marie Rose''
* Culturebase (in German)
* Exploring the fascinating world of Etel Adnan: 7 intriguing facts
* Anne Mullin Burnham, ''Reflections in Women's Eyes'', 1994, Saudi Aramco World
* Etel Adnan's page on Archives of Women Artists, Research and Exhibitions 
*