Doina

**Doina** () nyɛla Romanian yila balli shɛli ka nyɛ din pili ni Middle Eastern, Romanian peasant music n-ti pahi Lăutărească. Di nyɛla bɛn daa kpaɣi shɛli pahi klezmer yila ni.

Di ŋmali nyɛla din be Eastern Europe mini Balkans. Balkans yaɣa shɛŋa bɛ booni la yili ŋɔ  bee scaru.

## Pili li mini nahingbana
Béla Bartók yɛli ni *doina nyɛla din piligi* Northern Transylvania yuuni 1912 ka mali dihitabili ni di jɛndi la Romanian. Din daa niŋ ka o baŋ di ŋmali din be Ukraine, Albania, Algeria, Middle East n-ti pahi Northern India, o daa mali la dihitabili ni di nyɛla din pahi Arabo-Persian.  O daa zaŋ Romanian doina maɣisi Turkish/Arabic *[[Turkish makam|Makam]]*. Romanian ethnomusicologists shɛba daa bɛ saɣiti Bartók's lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ ka daa yɛli Bartók bɛ zaan tuhi anti-Romanian. Romanian *doina* ni ŋmani yili shɛŋa dabam shɛm nyɛla bɛn sabi shɛli niŋ kundinim ni non-Romanian mini Romanian zaa. Hali ni 20th century piligu,  lăutari mini klezmer yili yiindiba zaa nyɛla ban daa mali *[[Taqsim|taksim]]* ŋmɛri bɛ yila nima. Bɛ daa ti zaŋ t*aksim* taɣi *doina ka di nyɛla din ŋmani taba la zuɣu amaa ka lee kuli bahi mali binshɛŋa ka di wali taba*. Romanian ethnomusicologist mini Grigore Leşe yili yiindiba ni daa laɣim Iranian yili yiindiba ni daa baŋ ya ni *doinas* zaŋ n-ti Maramureş nyɛla din mali "great affinities" ni Arabo-Persian music.

The *doina* is a free-rhythm, highly ornamented (usually melismatic), improvisational tune. The improvisation is done on a more or less fixed pattern (usually a descending one), by stretching the notes in a rubato-like manner, according to the performer's mood and imagination. Usually the prolonged notes are the fourth or fifth above the floor note.

The peasant *doinas* are mostly vocal and monophonic and are sung with some vocal peculiarities that vary from place to place: interjections (*măi*, *hei*, *dui-dui*, *iuhu*), glottal clucking sounds, choked sobbing effects, etc. Instrumental *doinas* are played on simple instruments, usually various types of flutes, or even on rudimentary ones, such as a leaf. The peasant *doina* is a non-ceremonial type of song and is generally sung in solitude, having an important psychological action: to "ease one's soul" (*de stâmpărare* in Romanian). Grigore Leşe believes that, while scholars describe in great detail the technical aspects of the *doina*, they fail to understand its psychological aspects. *Doinas* are lyrical in aspect and their common themes are melancholy, longing (*dor*), erotic feelings, love for nature, complaints about the bitterness of life or invocations to God to help ease pain, etc.

Unlike peasant *doinas*, lăutar and klezmer *doinas* are usually accompanied and played on more complex instruments (violin, pan-pipe, cymbalom, accordion, clarinet, tarogato, etc.). Also, unlike peasant *doinas*, lăutar and klezmer *doinas* are mostly played as an introduction to another tune, usually a dance.

In the regions of Southern Romania, Romani lăutari developed a type of doina called *cântec de ascultare* (meaning "song for listening", sometimes shortened to *de ascultare* or simply *ascultare*). The *cântec de ascultare* spread to other regions of Romania, with local particularities.

Klezmer Doinas are influenced by Hassidic niguns.

## Doina ballibu
*Hora lungă - Maramureş.
*Ca pe luncă - found along the Danube.
*Oltului - found along the Olt River.
*De codru - *codru* gbunni nyɛla  "forest".
*Haiduceşti  (cântece haiduceşti, Cântece de haiducie) - "haiduc's songs" *haiduc* means "outlaw" or "brigand".
*Ca din tulnic - unique type in which the melody imitates a type of Alpenhorn called the tulnic.
*Ciobanului - shepherd's doina.
*De dragoste - di nyɛla din tooi jɛndi yurilim; *dragoste* gbunni nyɛla yurilim  ("love").
*De jale - mellow, mournful doina; *jale* means "grief".
*De leagăn - a lullaby; *leagăn* means "cradle".
*De pahar - drinking song; *pahar* means "drinking glass".
*Foaie verde - classical form; literally "green leaf".
*Klezmer - ban ŋmɛri li Jewish yili yiindiba ban yina  Bessarabia mini Moldavia.

## Di saha ŋɔ biɛhigu
20th century piligu,  *doina nyɛ yili shɛli din daa niŋ bayana, yaɣa shɛŋa mi di koŋko n-daa nyɛ yili shɛli niriba ni mi amaa zuŋɔ niriba pam nyɛla ban bɛ mi lala yili ŋɔ*.

Doina ŋɔ lee na nyɛla din niŋ bayana repertoire zaŋ n-ti  lăutari ban yina Ardeal mini Banat legion nima.

Yuuni 1976  BBC "religious television programme" *The Light of Experience* nyɛla ban daa kpaɣi Gheorge Zamfir’s n-daa ti yaai "Doina De Jale". Epic Records nyɛla ban daa bahi yili ŋɔ ka di daa dɔni kalinli bunahi zuɣu UK charts.

Yuuni 2009, bɛ daa zaŋ  *doina* pahi UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage.

## Kundivihira