University of Ghana Medical School

**University of Ghana Medical School** bee shɛba ni mi shɛli **UGMS** la nyɛla medical shikuru shɛli din nyɛ Ghana nim tuuli public research institution, University of Ghana. Saha ŋɔ di be la Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Ankara tiŋgbani . Lala medical shikuru ŋɔ yɛltɔɣa daa pili la yuuni 1919, amaa ka daa kpaɣi di tuuli shikuru bihi yuuni 1962.

## Di Taarihi
Bɛ daa niŋ nia ni medical shikuru ŋɔ miɛbu  Gold Coast din daa niŋ ka bɛ zali Korle Bu Hospital yuuni 1919, Sir Frederick Gordon Guggisberg saha maa. Lala nia ŋɔ daa chɛ ya din daa niŋ ka Guggisberg yi tuma duu (office) nyaaŋa . Bɛ daa lahi labi niŋ medical shikuru ŋɔ miɛbu nia yuuni1951. At the behest of the Gold Coast colonial administration mini University College of the Gold Coast, miɛbu baŋdiba daa yina University of London n-ti nyɛ Gold Coast ka baŋ binyɛri shɛŋa bee ninshɛŋa din yɛn bori medical shikuru ŋɔ miɛbu ni. Yuuni 1952, gomnanti daa saɣi n-ti ni bɛ na tirisim medical shikuru ŋɔ miɛbu saha shɛli. Yuuni 1955, bɛ daa labi lihi lala lahibali ŋɔ ka colonial gomnanti daa gahi nu boli University College of the Gold Coast mini Kumasi College of Technology ni bɛ ti zahim nyɛ medical shikuru ŋɔ miɛbu ni tuui pili shɛm. Bɛ daa gbaaya ni "medical courses" nyɛla bin shɛli din yɛn pili yim yim, kamani University of London nim ni daa pun yɛli li shɛm yuuni 1951. Yuuni  1956, University Council komitii, shikuru ŋɔ tuuli karimba kpɛma(first principal) saha David Balme, laɣim niriba ni bɛ tuhi bɛ zalikom wuhi so shɛŋa bɛni tuui doli nyɛri laɣiri tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru maa. Komitii ŋɔ daa pahi ya ni bɛ kpaɣimi shikuru bihi kalinli kamani pishi(20)mini pishi ni anu(25) sunsuuni, ka zali  pre-clinical department nim anahi(4) University College of the Gold Coast, Legon ka pahi  Korle Bu Hospital ka di lɛbi  teaching hospital ni di "autonomous management board". Zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 1960, yuun shɛli  Ghana ni daa lɛbi "republic", soli daa na kani ni bɛ niŋli din daa niŋ ka Korle Bu daa na ka  clinical training n-ti pahi laɣiri daa na kani ni bɛ yɛligili. Nkrumah gomnanti tali daa sɔŋ laɣiri mini clinical training din daa yina Kennedy administration. US gomnanti daa piigi shɛba ka bɛ tundani daa nyɛ Paul Connerlly ni bɛ ti lihi nyɛ tun shɛŋa din gari. Lala niriba ŋɔ daa yɛli ya ni bɛ zalimi National Medical and Health Training Centre ni din ka medical shikuru ti ŋɔ yɛn tum. Gomnanti daa saɣi di lala bɛ yɛltɔɣa maa. Yuuni 1962, US Agency for International Development (USAID) daa yɛliya ni National Medical and Health Training Centre should have these subsidiaries: a medical school, a school of nursing; a dental school; a school of medical technology; a post graduate school; a research facilities centre.

Bɛ daa gbaaiya ni medical shikuru ŋɔ yɛn dirila laɣiri di gama di Maŋmaŋ tutu puŋni. Din pahi yaha, University of Ghana yɛn nyɛla di Maŋmaŋ shikuru ka tiri medical degrees. Bɛ daa lahi gbaai ni wuhibu mini bɔhimbu yɛn nyɛla  American-based amaa Ghana nim shikuru baŋsim nyɛla British university system. Din yɛn chɛ ka di niŋ, bɛ daa yihi niriba ayobu(6) ni bɛ chaŋ n-ti bɔhim yuuma ayi pre-medical science course zaŋ jandi medical training. Silimin gɔli October yuuni  1962, bɛ daa kpaɣi foundation class nim  premedical shikuru bihi pihinu ni yini(51) kpɛhi University of Ghana. Bɛ yuun yini medical training ŋɔ ni, American Dean nim daa yɛli gomnanti ni bɛ ka karimba nim zaŋti basic sciences. Silimin gɔli February  yuuni 1964, Ghana nim tuuli tiŋgbani zuɣulan daa yɛli ya ni bɛ zaŋmi bɛ maŋmaŋsi ni yiŋsi ka di lɛbi so shɛli bɛni tooi nyɛ laɣiri zali medical shikuru ŋɔ viɛnyɛla. "Study tour by "Alexander Kwapong, Charles Odamtten Easmon  n-ti pahi E. A. Badoe  shikuru palli shɛŋa  din daa zali la  University of Lagos mini University of Ibadan medical schools, daa zaŋ lɛbi Piligu bɔhimbu soya din yɛn chɛ ka wuhibu ni bɔhimbu chaŋ dɛdɛ.

Silimin gɔli  October yuuni 1964, shikuru bihi pihinahi ni yini(41) ka bɛ daa kpaɣi niŋ tudents preclinical training ka group of indigenous doctors daa nyɛ bɛ karimba nima. Binyɛri shɛŋa bɛni daa bɔhindi maa pam daa nyɛla  gross anatomy mini histology, ka karimba shɛba ban daa wuhiri li nyɛ J.K.M Quartey ni F. N. L. Engmann. Surgeons mini pathologists din be government hospitals in Accra taught on an adjunct basis. Di nyaaŋa, H. H. Philips daa piligi department of physiology ka B. Y. A. Andoh mi daa piligi department of biochemistry ka di daa pahi bɛ wuhibu ni bɔhimbu maa  basic sciences yaɣili. Paraclinical departments wuhibu daa piligi la silimin gɔli  April yuuni 1966 ka ban be clinical departments mi daa piligi silimin gɔli  April yuuni 1967. Baŋdi shɛba ban daa wuhiri li ŋɔ pam daa nyɛla Ghana nima. Pioneering class medical shikuru bihi ban kalinli daa yiɣisi pihinahi yini ka (39) daa yina silimin gɔli June yuuni 1969. Bɛ daa kpaɣi Expatriate karimba nima tuli yuuni maa naaibu ni. Zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 1968 naaibu ni, Ghana medical shikuru ŋɔ daa lɛbi la  semi-autonomous school, University of Ghana sulinsi ni tun shɛŋa din be yaɣa shɛŋa din pahi university maa ni. Bɛ daa taɣi li yuli , *University of Ghana Medical School ka di*  Executive Council mini School Board daa laɣim. Shikuru ŋɔ mali di polo niŋdi bɛ binyɛra pam ni di silver jubilee yuuni  1987 n-ti pahi  fortieth anniversary yuuni 2002.

Bɛ daa zaŋ self-accounting administration pahi shikuru board mini executive council ni. University faculty,  Dean lihiri wuhibu ni bɔhimbu zuɣu ka piri administrative kpamba, ban sɔŋdi o nyɛ  Vice Dean ni Executive Secretary. Ŋun daa nyɛ tuli Executive Secretary zaŋti medical shikuru ŋɔ nyɛ C. K. Gbeho ka Deborah Boafoh daa nyɛ tuli Administrative Secretary.  Medical shikuru ŋɔ pa mali la  department nima pia ni ayopɔin (17), din  departments of anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, chemical pathology, haematology, microbiology, pathology, pharmacology, anaesthesia, paediatrics, community health, medicine and therapeutics, obstetrics and gynaecology, psychiatry, radiology and surgery. Four out every five faculty at the school are alumni.

Shikuru ŋɔ daa mali la department nima anii(8) di Piligu yuma ni. Paraclinical department nima mini di zuɣulan nima m-bɔ ŋɔ 

* Department of Pharmacology led by R. Lewis with J. Blukoo Allotey as his deputy
* Department of Pathology led by W. N. Laing
* Department of Microbiology, led by S. N. Afoakwa
* Department of Surgery, led by Charles Odamtten Easmon
* Department of Medicine, led by S. R. A. Dodu
* Department of Paediatrics, led by Yaw Asirifi
* Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, led by K. K. Bentsi-Enchill
* Department of Community Health, led by Fred T. Sai

## Shikuru maa nia nima(School mission)
Medical shikuru ŋɔ nia nyɛla bɔhimbu, vihigu (research) mini baŋsim tiŋgbani ŋɔ mini tiŋduya yɛligibu . Shikuru ŋɔ nia nyɛla bɛ wuhi:

* *“A broad-based generalist practitioner with sufficient grounding for subsequent specialization*
* *A practitioner functionally attuned to and therefore responding aptly to the needs and exigencies of his/her environment. He/she shall attain internationally accepted standards*.
* *A practitioner who has participated in health care delivery while under instruction and therefore cognizant of the problems of health delivery and also an individual who accepts responsibility for self-learning and therefore readily responsive to the call for continuing education, and advocate for community health needs.”*

## Bɔhimbu Shee(Learning environment)

### Curriculum
Shikuru ŋɔ bɔhimbu soya taɣiya pam zaŋ kpa national health needs mini contemporary trends in medical education. Yuuni1992,  biomedical science bachelor's degree daa piligi ya ni shikuru bihi bɔhim bɛyi ti naai para-clinical sciences course saha ŋɔ di pa nyɛla  prerequisite for clinical training. Saha shɛli bɛ ni daa mali bɔhindi medical course ŋɔ daa bɔya,  yuma ayopɔin ni pirigili ni labina yuma ayobu ni. Bɛ daa zaŋ bɔhimbu so shɛli pahi yuuni 2009 ka dɔri ayi daa kpɛ pahi : secondary school shikuru bihi ni ban mali bachelor's degree natural sciences for the Graduate Entry Medical Programme (GEMP). GEMP ŋɔ nyɛla  integrated four-year medical degree. Clinical skills mini simulation centre gba daa piligi ya yuuni  2009 din yɛn kpaŋsi  clinical skills training. Ghana nim gomnanti gba daa ti  high-capacity medical library zaŋti UGMS ka di daa nyɛ budgetary support and GET Fund allocation.

### Shikuru Bihi kpaɣibu
Bɛ daa kpaɣila medical shikuru ŋɔ tuli shikuru bihi yuuni 1964 ka bɛ kalinli daa yiɣisi shikuru bihi pihinahi ni yini(41). Zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 1973, shikuru bihi ŋɔ kalinli daa pahi ya ka bɛ kalinli yiɣisi pihinu ni ata(53). Yuuni 1999, shikuru bihi pihiwayi ni anahi(94) n-daa kpɛstudents medical shikuru ŋɔ. Yuuni 2006/07, shikuru bihi maa kalinli nyɛla 195 yuuni puuni. Yuuni 2000 mini yuuni 2006 sunsuuni , shikuru bihi ŋɔ kalinli daa pahi ya buyi zuɣu kamani  100 zaŋ ni 200. Yuuni  2011, shikuru bihi kpaɣibu kalinli daa nyɛla 150 yuuni puuni. Shikuru maa daa niŋ kpaŋmaŋ ni kpaɣiri,  paɣaba ni "minimum of 25% of the incoming class". Paɣaba kpaɣi niŋ shikuru ŋɔ daa tumi nyɛ paɣaba ata(3) din pahi hali ni paɣaba 71 shikuru bihi kalinli din yiɣisi 154 puuni yuuni  2011 shikuru bihi kpaɣibu la ni. Yuuni  1969 mini yuuni  2012 sunsuuni,  medical shikuru ŋɔ yihi la 2752 physicians, ka kalinli din yiɣisi 2083  nyɛ dabba ka kalinli din yiɣisi 669 paɣaba. 

Di Piligu dabisa ni ha,  shikuru ŋɔ daa zaŋ la kɔbigi puuni vaabu dibaa anu(5%) ti tiŋduya shikuru bihi ban yi gbansabila tiŋgbani na ka medical shikuru ti.  Yuuni  1999, shikuru bihi ban yiri tiŋduya na kalinli daa pahi ya kɔbigi puuni vaabu pishi(20%), ka bɛ kalinli daa yiɣisi  802 yuuni  2006/07. Yuuni 2010/11 bɔhimbu yuuni, medical shikuru ŋɔ daa mali laincoming class of 150, 

### Link to other health-related institutions
UGMS nyɛla Ghana nim mini African medical shikuru. Yuuni 1970s, tuli two batches ban daa yina  shikuru shɛli din nyɛ Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, daa naai la bɛ wuhibucompleted Korle-Bu. Yuuni 1990s mini 2000s, Pɔi ka Tamale hospital daa lɛbi teaching hospital, UGMS daa mali la shikuru bihi ka bɛ yina  School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University for Development Studies (UDS) n-ti pre- and para-clinical mini full clinical training ka di chɛ ka bɛ nyɛri UDS degrees. Baŋdiba ban yina  UGMS gba chani UDS saha shɛŋa n-ti sɔŋdi wuhira. College Council shɛli goven the stitution replaced the Executive Council. University of Ghana Dental School piligi la yuuni 1974, UGMS puuni, pɔi ka di daa naai lɛbi  faculty status zaa. *Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research* daa piligi ya yuuni 1979 in partnership with the UGMS. Yuuni 1994, Ghanaian Ministry of Health (MoH) daa pahi" new course": *Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology* ni bɛ wuhi laboratory technicians zaŋti tiŋgbani maa ashiibiti nima. Lala yuuni maa yaha, MoH daa gbaai saawara ni UGMS ni bɛ zali *School of Public Health* ni ka bɛ tiriba postgraduate degrees in public health, epidemiology ni yaɣa shɛŋa din ʒmɛni li. Yuuni 1998, School of Allied Health Science daa piligi training of laboratory scientists, physiotherapists, radiographers, medical ni dental technologist n-ti pahi allied health professionals zaa.

## Kundivihira