Mexico

**Mexico,** din yu'maŋli nyɛ **United Mexican States** la nyɛla tiŋgban'shɛli din be America wulun puhili polo. Dina n-nyɛ tiŋshɛli din miri *Latin [[America]]* wulin puhili n gari tiŋ kam, di wulin puhili polo, *[[United States]]* m-beni; di wulin luhili polo mini di nuzaa polo sunsuuni, *[[Guatemala]]* mini *[[Belize]]* m-beni, bɛ ni su yaɣ'shɛli *Pacific Ocean* puuni la mi bela nudirigu polo, ka *Caribbean Sea* mi be di wulin luhili polo mini di nuzaa polo sunsuuni, ka *Gulf of Mexico* mi be di nuzaa polo. Mexico tiŋgbani galisim nyɛla maali tuhituhili, tuhikɔbisiwɔi ni pisopɔin ni ayi, ni kɔbisinu ni pihinu "1,972,550 km2" (761,610 sq mi), ka lahi nyɛ tiŋgbani shɛli din pahiri pia ni ata di yi kana tiŋgbani polo galisim ni. Di salo galisim gari miliyoŋ kɔbiga ni pihita n chana, Mexico n nyɛ tiŋ'shɛli din pahiri pia tiŋgbani yaanga zuɣu di yi kana salo galisim polo, ka di niriba pam nyɛ ban tɔɣisiri Spanish. *Mexico City* n-nyɛ tiŋzuɣu din gari tiŋ'zuɣiri maa zaa, din mali zaashɛɛ *metropolitan area* kara puuni duniya yaanga zuɣu zaa.

Ninsalinim benibu Mexico puuni nyɛla din pili kamani yuun tusaanii pɔi ni anabi Isa kandina.*Mesoamerica* n nyɛ ninsalinim ni pili shɛm Mexico, luɣa din daa nyɛ yaɣa din du pam ni pili, yaɣa kamani *Olmecs*,  *Maya*, *Zapotecs*, *Teotihuacan* zoobu, ni *Purépecha*. *Spanish colonisation* daa pilla yuuni 1521, saanba maa ni daa kana n ti tuhi nyaŋ *Aztec Empire* la, ka daa kpa *New Spain* ka di tiŋzuɣu nyɛ *Tenochtitlan*, dina m pa nyɛ *Mexico City*. *New Spain* n daa lɛbi tiŋshɛli din nyɛ kompuuni daabilim tiŋa ninneesim ni daa na bi niŋ bayana saha shɛli maa, salin gbiriba mini bɛ zaashɛɛ zaŋ chanŋ *[[Europe]]* mini *[[Asia]]* sunsuuni n daa nyɛ din tabiri sɔŋdi ba. Dina n daa chɛ ka nimaani lɛbi tiŋgbani shɛli din laɣim zuliyanima pam duniya yaanga zuɣu zaa. Tɔb'shɛli bɛ ni daa boli *Peninsular War* la n daa nyɛ din yiɣisi 1810–1821 yuuma la saha tɔb'shɛli bɛ ni daa boli *Mexican War of Independence* (Maŋsulinsi dɛɛbu tɔbu), dina n daa zali *Peninsular* zalisi la tariga ka kpa *First Mexican Empire*, ka di daa kpini pɔbbu ni neebu ka *First Mexican Republic* pili.  1848 yuuni la saha, Mexico daa kɔŋ bɛ tiŋgbana kamani pirigili polo, di ni daa niŋ ka *[[America]]* nima zaŋ yaa n-kpɛ bɛ tiŋ maa ni na. *Liberals* taɣibu-taɣibu zaŋchaŋ yuuni 1857 *constitution* la polo daa tahi   tɔbu na ni *French* nima nuu timbu zaŋ chaŋ bɛ yɛlayɛla polo, *French* nima daa lɛbila Maximilian I ŋun nyɛ *[[Australia]]* niraba la naa Mexico tiŋgbani ni, din ka bɛ daa boli *Second Mexican Empire* la, ka Betino Juárez daa gari tooni n zaŋ Republican forces n chaŋ n ti tuhi yiɣisi o nam maa ni, 19th century bahigu polo Porfirio Díaz n daa nyɛ bɛ zuɣu lana ka ʒini nam ni n yuugi pam, o modernization policies daa cana came *cost of severe social unrest*. 1910–1920 yuuni Mexican Revolution daa zaŋ chaŋ Díaz dibu ni n zaŋ chaŋ 1917  Constitution deebu. Mexico nyɛla din nyɛ industrialization and economic growth zoobu din daa niŋ 1940s–1970s, amidst electoral fraud, Tlatelolco massacre, ni economic yalayala. 20th yuma naabu ni ka bɛ daa nyɛ taɣibu zaŋ kpa neoliberalism, North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) daa nyɛla 1994 yuuni, amidst unrest in Chiapas.

## Yuli Taarihi

[thumb|Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla's Cry of Dolores on silimin gɔli [September dabaa pia ni ayobu 1810 yuuni, by J.J. del Moral. Saha shɛli bɛ ni daa kuhi m bɔli bɛ linjimanima n daa leei bɛ maŋ sulinsi deebu  Spanish nima, ban nye bɛn deei bɛ sulinsi, sɔli  piligu.]]
thumb|''Alhóndiga de Granaditas gbaabu din daa niŋ''  Guanajuato tingbani ni ka di nye gbaabu shɛli  ''Hidalgo nima linjimanima ni daa niŋ shɛli''  silimin gɔli September  dabaa pihita yinika1810 yuuni, ka di ny`Ela ''José Díaz del Castillo'' n daa puhi li
thumb|Anfooni din wuhiri llinjimanima ban nye  Three Guarantees la ni daa kperi mexico tinpuuni silmin goli September pishibni apɔin 1821 yuuni
thumb|yuuni 1836 tɔbu din daa nye El Álamo din daa lu Mexico linjimanima ban toondana daa nye tingbani zuɣulana Antonio López de Santa Anna mini America linjimanima sunsuuni .
thumb|Liberal  Tingbang zuɣulana Benito Juárez. Bɛ ni mi so zan kpa o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋkpa mexico tingbaŋ lɛbigibu, ka o lahi nye ninvuɣiuso ŋun zabiri o tiŋgbani jilima ni dariza, n ti lahi pahi o ni kpaŋsiri maŋsulinsi mini suhuyurilim zan chaŋ salo gɔrim polo tuuni saha shɛli din gbaaai yuun kɔbga din pahi pia ni awei pirigili zaŋ kana
[thumb| ''Anfooni di wuhiri Kparibɔɣu zuɣulana Maximilian nyevuli dibu'' , silimin gɔli [June yuuni 1867. Linjima. Tomás Mejía, m bie nu'zaa polo ; Maximiian,  m bie sunsuuni  ; Linjima . Miguel Miramón,  m bie nu'dirigu polo . Anfooni ŋɔ nyɛla Édo ni nam shɛli]]

##### '''Mexican Revolution (1910–1920)'''

##### '''Political consolidation and one-party rule (1920–2000)'''
## Taarihi
***' din n-nyɛ '''[[Nahuatl]]''' yuli n-zaŋ ti "heartland" n-yina Aztec Empire,n boonila valley n-nyɛ [[Mexico]] ni din gili di yaɣ'li, hali bɛ ni mi ni bɛ niriba n-nyɛ '''mexica''' .Di nyɛla sokam ni dihitabili ni ''toponym'' n-zaŋ n-ti valley daa nyɛla di yaɣ'li zaŋ ti primary ''ethnonym'' zaŋ ti ''Aztec Triple Alliance'', amaa di naa tooi nyɛ shɛli yaɣa. Din daa nyɛ colonial saha (1521–1821) Bin daa mi ka ''Mexico'' nyɛ ''New Spain'', central region n-daa nyɛ Intendency n-zaŋ ti Mexico. Spain palli n-daa deei maŋsulinsi ''Spanish Empire'' nima sani 1821yuuni ka leei sovereign state, ni Intendency ni daa kana n ti nyɛ ''State of Mexico'', ka tiŋgbaŋ pali daa boli '''Mexico City'''.Tiŋgbana yu'timsa n taɣa kamani gomnanti gba ni taɣi sham. bɛ ni daa yɛn yihi maŋsulinsi na polo November dabaa ayɔbu dali 1813 yuuni zaŋ kpa deputies n-nyɛ di Congress n nyɛ Anáhuac n boli yaɣa din kuɣali América Septentrional (Northern America). 1821yuuni gbaai di Iguala gba zaŋ América Septentrional.laɣingu dibaa ayi puuni (1821–1823 yuuni mini 1863–1867 yuuni), bɛ daa mila tiŋgbani maa ka di booni Imperio Mexicano (Mexican Empire). federal nima ata constitutions (1824, 1857, mini 1917 yuuni, constitution din na beni) zaŋ di yuli [1]—bee di variant Estados-Unidos Mexicanos,[2] Di zaa ni taɣ'li n-ti "United Mexican States". Bachi ŋɔ República Mexicana, "Mexican Republic", bɛ daa zaŋ niŋ 1836 yuuni Constitutional zalikpana .[3] m-be Nahuatl version n-nyɛ di punpɔŋɔ constitution,[4] yuli shɛli bɛ ni daa zaŋ n-ti li n-nyɛ Mexika Sentik Wexteyowalko,[5] ni Yucatec Maya version, U Múuchꞌ Péetluꞌumiloꞌob México.[6] Din beni, bɛ ni bɔri din tuhi yim n-nyɛ Spanish m-pahi pihi yɔbu ni ata bal' shɛli din bi yoli tinŋgbani, bɛ zaa mali bɛ maŋmaŋa taɣibu zaŋ kpa bin tiba yuli.

=== '''Ninsali shaba ban daa pun beni pɔi ni "European"  nim biehigu  (Pɔi ni yuma 1519)''' ===
Tuuli ninsalnim binmaana din nye kuɣa binmaana shahiranim beni m miri buɣim malibu shahiranima,Science baŋdiba wuhiya, ni di nyela din be Mexico tiŋ sunsuuni luɣi'shaŋa kom ni zoya ni be zuŋo yuun tuhi pia ( 10,000  years ago). Mexico nyala kawana, kamantoosi nti pahi tuya yiŋa.Bɛ yi koli nimaani di nyala din niŋdi vienyala. Lala ŋɔ zuɣu daa chemi ka  tuuli ninsal'shaba ban daa cheni n gindi tinsi ni n kori ka gori tohigu ka lahi guli binkɔbri daa baŋ di yala ka palim ʒi nimaani ko, di daa nyela din pili kaman yuma "5000 BC".  Mesoamerica nyela tiŋgbani sheli din be tiŋgbana ayobu sheli nineesim ni paai bɛ sani ka bi za bɛ gama zuɣu puuni. Lala saha maa ka niriba biehisi kaman bɛ daadiininim mini bɛ buɣa, bɛ kawana kobu ni bɛ ya mebu n ti pahi binyara ni kaani sham daa wuhigi n gabi Mexico bilichiinim kali puuni ka lahi wuligi n gili  Mesoamerican yaɣa zaa.Lala saha maa, tinsi daa nyela din laɣim salo pam ka niriba maa walginsim chaŋ nti doli tuun baŋsim shaŋa bɛ ni mala. Bɛ zoosim daa kana nti paai saha shali bɛ ni pa mali nanima, toondaan shaba ban daa mali adiini mini nam yahi daa nyala ban me jama duri din galisi pam.

Tuuli ninneesim shali din daa kpe Mexico n daa nye Olmec nim kali, di daa nyela din chaŋ n gili "Gulf Coast" kaman yuma "1500 BC" saha. Olmec nim kali yaltɔɣa chaŋ n gili Mexico ni di tiŋkpansi kaman Chiapas, Oaxaca, n ti pahi "Valley of Mexico".

==Geography==




Mexico bɛla latitudes 14° ni 33°N, mini longitudes 86° ni 119°W sunsuuni in the southern yaɣili shɛli din bɛ ''North America'', n be fɔnsi zaa kalinli n nyɛ , nŋɛla [[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|13th tiŋ' shɛŋa din galisi ni di fɔnsi laɣimbu]]. Di malila coastlines m be di [[Pacific Ocean]] mini [[Gulf of California|Gulf din be California]], hali ni saha shɛli[[Gulf of Mexico|Gulf din be Mexico]] mini [[Caribbean Sea|Caribbean muɣili]],  latter dibaa ayi yaɣa laɣimbu din be Atlantic Ocean. muɣa ŋɔ yaɣa nyɛla din gili  m be islands.  Mexico yaɣa zaa lumi m be [[North American Plate]], n tabili yaɣa bihi din be  [[Baja California peninsula]] m bePacific mini Cocos Plates. Geophysically,  geographers Shaba m be  east yaɣa din gili ba ka be Isthmus of Tehuantepec (din paai 12% of the total) ka di be Central America puuni. Geopolitically, Mexico nyɛla bɛni zali shɛli pahi North America.
Pam ban bɛ Mexican central mini northern yaɣ'li din bɛ saazuɣ altitudes, ni kamani din galisi elevations ka di bɛ ''Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt'' ka di garibu Mexico east zaŋ chaŋ west: ''Pico de Orizaba (), Popocatépetl () ni Iztaccihuatl ()'' mini Nevado de Toluca (). Zoya ayi zahambu m-boli [[Sierra Madre Oriental]] mini [[Sierra Madre Occidental]], din nyɛ di extension n-nyɛ di Rocky Mountains from northern North America n-zaŋ gbaai tinŋgbani north zaŋ chaŋ south ni zoli yaɣ'li, Sierra Madre del Sur, zorimi zaŋ gbaai  Michoacán zaŋ chaŋOaxaca. Mexican yaɣ'li shɛli prone zaŋ chaŋ volcanism.

Mexico mali yaɣ'li di paa dibaa awɔi : Baja California, Pacific Coastal Lowlands, Mexican Plateau, Sierra Madre Oriental, Sierra Madre Occidental, Cordillera Neovolcánica, Gulf Coastal Plain, Southern Highlands, ni Yucatán Peninsula. An important geologic feature of the Yucatán peninsula n-nyɛ Chicxulub crater, scientific consensus ni Chicxulub impactor was responsible zaŋ ti Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Mexico ni galisi ŋɔ zaa   ( zahabili din gari  wahalim puuni n-nyɛ yɔmyɔm tinŋgbani), tinŋgbani ŋɔ pam ku tooi kɔ, binyahiri ŋɔ zuɣu  aridity, soil, or terrain.
2018 yuuni, be daa zaham 54.9% tinŋgbani daa nyɛla kɔbu; 11.8% daa nyɛla arable; 1.4% din daa kuli zamti bimbira; 41.7% din daa kuli zamti pasture; ni 33.3% daa nŋɛla mɔnn ni. Mexico mali mɔa pam, ni zahawahanli din nyɛ Rio Grande, ka di nyɛ behigu eastern border nin pahi United States. [[Usumacinta River]] nŋɛla natural southern barrier din be between Mexico ni Guatemala.
===Climate===



***Climate**' din nyɛ Mexico pa yim tinŋgbani maa ni bɛ saɣisi tabimaa ni topography. Tropic of Cancer di pirigila tinŋgbani maa n-ti temperate and tropical zones. Land north din bɛ Tropic di Cancer be n-ŋmɛri maasim din ti nŋɛ kikaa gɔli. Tropic of Cancer din bɛ South, temperatures benimi yuuni kam and ka nŋɛ solely balibu tuma din bɛ. Di tiri Mexico yaɣ' shɛli din nyɛ weather systems.
Maritime air masses zaŋdi saha precipitation n-yina May zaŋ chaŋ August. Mexico yaɣ'li pam, shɛli be ni boli north, di mali wooni ni pahi sporadic saa konko, ka ɣaɣ shɛŋa din bɛ lowlands ka di yina south di zaa yiɣisila  yuuni kam puuni. Di shahara n-nyɛ, fɔŋ shɛŋa din bɛ north kamani Monterrey, Hermosillo, ni Mexicali be nŋɛri temperatures  beei ka di gari Sahashaŋa ni. Sonoran Desert temperatures paa  beei ka di gari.

Mexico mali di baa apɔin climate balibu  n pahi mahim din climate ka di nyɛ coastal zaŋ chaŋ 900 meters ka be nŋɛri southern region din bɛ Mexico; wooni  climates beni nŋɛ northern tinŋgbani pirigili; temperate humid ni di pirigili be ni nŋɛ pastures ka di bɛ elevation  1,800 meters ni zahawahanli central Mexico ni di maa ka be nŋɛri elevation 3,500 meters ni din gari. Country's yaɣshaŋa mali wooni climate.
Climate di naa apɔin balibu m-bɛ Mexico m-pahi waligu ka di bɛ climate ka di nyɛ coastal ka di paagi 900 meters ka bɛ nŋɛri li southern tinŋgbani din bɛ Mexico; wuuni climates ka bɛ nŋɛli northern yaɣ' shɛli din bɛ tinŋgbani maa half ; temperate humid ni sub-humid ka bɛ nŋɛri li elevation of 1,800 meters din bɛ wahanli central Mexico di mini maasim ka bɛ nŋɛri elevation 3,500 meters ni din gari. Tinŋgbani pam mali yaɣ' shɛŋa din mali wuuni.

South fɔnsi din bɛ Tropic of Cancer m-pahi elevations di paa , southern yaɣ' shɛŋa din bɛ coastal plains di mini Yucatán Peninsula, di mali yuuni temperature  . Temperatures kpalimla din bɛ zuɣusaa yuuni maa za , ka di nyɛ di kɔŋko  waliginsim din bɛ wuuni ni kikaa ni bela sunsuuni. Pacific coast nŋɛla subject n-ti natural hazards dini n-nyɛ tsunamis di mini Mexican coasts n-pahi exception din bɛ south coast nŋɛ Bay of Campeche ni northern Baja California n-nyɛ vulnerable n-zaŋ ti ninmɔhi hurricanes din nyɛ wuuni ni saa saha. Hali fɔnsi shɛŋa din bɛ Tropic of Cancer tulimi ni humid during the summer, be mali yuuni kam bɛla temperature averages ( ) din taɣ'li daa nyɛ moderate pam conditions, wuuni saha . ka di lahi nye bɛ ni kpuɣi bindiri shɛli ni di leei Mexico bindiri gahindili ]]

[thumb|Anfooni din wuhiri [:en:Vicente_Fox|Vicente Fox ni daa di yuuni  2000 tingbani zuɣulana tali piibu piibu ka o daa leei tuuli tiŋgbani zuɣulana amaa ka PRI 1929 ha, ni tuuli piibu opposition paati shɛli din bɛ sahi n ti paati shɛli din be nam tuum Francisco I. Madero ni daa leei tingbani zuɣulana 1911 yuuni.]]
thumb|Tomás Urbina, Pancho Villa mini Emiliano Zapata nje be Tingzaa Nayili Mexican Revolution saha maa ni, 1914 yuuni puuni
thumb|Anfooni din wuhiri  Francisco I. Madero, ŋun daa zaŋ o nyɔɣu n yu Diaz ka taai zaɣisi  kɔrinfɔɣili din daa niŋ yuuni 1910 piibu piibu ka daa leei tingbani maa ni pii so din daa niŋ ka tingbaŋ daa niŋ Diaz firimiinsi ka o shee nam ni silimiin gɔli May yuuni 1911 puuni
thumb|Anfooni din wuhiri  Plutarco Elías Calles, ŋun daa nye zuɣulana n ti  ''Maximato'' ka daa lahi nye ŋun kpiri  Institutional Revolutionary Paati, paati sh`eli din gbibi Mexico tingbani nam yuuni 1929 hali ti tɔ yuuni 2000
thumb|Anfooni din wuhiri  linjima Amɔkaanima Zocalo dundogni 1968 yuuni ayirimo tɔbu maa saha
thumb|Anfooni din wuhiri  NAFTA gbaŋ zuɣu nuu dihibu lahingu , din daa niŋ silimiin gɔli  October yuuni 1992. A yi liɣi nu'zaa ti kpa nu'dirigu yaɣili : (nivuhiso ŋun zaya) tingbani zuɣulana Carlos Salinas de Gortari (Mexico tingbani ), tingbani zuɣulana George H. W. Bush (U.S. tingbani ), n ti pahi Prime Minister Brian Mulroney (Canada tingbani).