League of Nations

**League of Nations** (**LN** bee **LoN)**; di ni n daa nyɛ tuuli dunia zaa tiŋgbana laɣinsi ni ka di niya nyɛla di bo suhudoo na dunia zaa. Di daa kpala Anashaara goli 10 January yuuni 1920, Paris Peace Conference din daa che ka First World War zani tariga n daa kpa li. Lala laɣingu ŋɔ daa che tuma tumbu Anashaara goli 18 April yuuni 1946 di ni daa niŋ ka di yaɣa pam yi n looi United Nations (UN) bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Second World War nyaaŋa.

Di ni daa ti yɛligi pam bini din gbaai Anashaara goli  28 September yuuni 1934 zaŋ chaŋ 23 February yuunu 1935, tiŋgbana  pihiyɔbu ayi ka n daa be din ni. Di ni daa niŋ ka di kuli luri ka yiɣisiri 1920s.

## Di pilli
### Background

Di kpabu nari nyɛla din daa pun nari tum yuuni 1795, di ni daa niŋ ka "Immanuel Kant's *[[Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch]]* tɛhi ni di nyɛla din ni tooi laɣim tiŋgbana nangbanyini ka lahi bo suhudoo na tiŋgbana sunsuuni.

 

## Lihi pahi

* France and the League of Nations
* International relations (1919–1939)
* Latin America and the League of Nations
* League against Imperialism
* League of Small and Subject Nationalities
* Minority rights
* United Kingdom and the League of Nations

## Citations

## General and cited references
### Surveys

* Bendiner, Elmer. ''A time for angels: the tragicomic history of the League of Nations'' (1975); well-written popular history.
* Brierly, J. L. and P. A. Reynolds. "The League of Nations" *The New Cambridge Modern History, Vol. XII, The Shifting Balance of World Forces* (2nd ed. 1968) Chapter IX, .
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* Gill, George. *The League of Nations : from 1929 to 1946* (1996) online
* Ginneken, Anique H.M. van. *Historical Dictionary of the League of Nations* (2006)  excerpt and text search
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* Henig, Ruth. *The Peace that Never was: A History of the League of Nations* (Haus Publishing, 2019), a standard scholarly history.
* Housden, Martyn. *The League of Nations and the organisation of peace* (2012) online
* Ikonomou, Haakon, Karen Gram-Skjoldager, eds. *The League of Nations: Perspectives from the Present* (Aarhus University Press, 2019). online review
* Joyce, James Avery. *Broken Star: the Story of the League of Nations (1919–1939)* (1978) online
* Myers, Denys P. *Handbook of the League of Nations : a comprehensive account of its structure, operation and activities* (1935) online.
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* Ostrower, Gary B. *The League of Nations: From 1919 to 1929* (1996) online, brief survey
* Pedersen, Susan. *The Guardians: the League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire* (2015) online; in-depth scholarly history of the mandate system.
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* Steiner, Zara. *The Lights that Failed: European International History 1919–1933* (Oxford University Press, 2005).
* Steiner, Zara. *The Triumph of the Dark: European International History 1933–1939* (Oxford University Press, 2011).
* Temperley, A.C. *The Whispering Gallery Of Europe* (1938), highly influential account of League esp disarmament conference of 1932–34.  online
*  online free; the standard scholarly history

### League topics

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* Azcarate,  P. de. *League of Nations and National Minorities* (1945) online
* Barros, James. *Office Without Power: Secretary-General Sir Eric Drummond 1919–1933* (Oxford 1979).
* Barros, James. *The Corfu incident of 1923: Mussolini and the League of Nations* (Princeton UP, 2015).
* Borowy, Iris. *Coming to terms with world health: the League of Nations Health Organisation 1921–1946* (Peter Lang, 2009).
* Burkman, Thomas W. *Japan and the League of Nations: Empire and world order, 1914–1938* (U of Hawaii Press, 2008).
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* Chaudron, Gerald. *New Zealand in the League of Nations: The Beginnings of an Independent Foreign Policy, 1919–1939* (2014): 
* Clavin, Patricia. *Securing the world economy: the reinvention of the League of Nations, 1920–1946* (Oxford UP, 2013).
* Cooper, John Milton. *Breaking the Heart of the World: Woodrow Wilson and the Fight for the League of Nations* (2001) 454pp]; a major scholarly study
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* Ekbladh, David. *Plowshares into Swords: Weaponized Knowledge, Liberal Order, and the League of Nations* (U of Chicago Press, 2022) online book review
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* Housden, Martyn. *The League of Nations and the Organization of Peace* (Routledge, 2014).
* Jenne, Erin K. *Nested Security: Lessons in Conflict Management from the League of Nations and the European Union* (Cornell UP, 2015).
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* Kaiga, Sakiko. *Britain and the Intellectual Origins of the League of Nations, 1914–1919* (Cambridge University Press, 2021).
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* La Porte, Pablo. "Dissenting Voices: The Secretariat of the League of Nations and the Drafting of Mandates, 1919–1923." *Diplomacy & Statecraft* 32.3 (2021): 440–463.
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* Lloyd, Lorna. "'On the side of justice and peace': Canada on the League of Nations Council 1927–1930." *Diplomacy & Statecraft* 24#2 (2013): 171–191.
* Ludi, Regula. "Setting New Standards: International Feminism and the League of Nations' Inquiry into the Status of Women." *Journal of Women's History* 31.1 (2019): 12–36 online. 
* McCarthy, Helen. *The British People and the League of Nations: Democracy, citizenship and internationalism, c. 1918–45* (Oxford UP, 2011). online review 
* Macfadyen, David, et al. eds. *Eric Drummond and his Legacies: The League of Nations and the Beginnings of Global Governance* (2019)
* McPherson, Alan, and Yannick Wehrli, eds. *Beyond geopolitics: New histories of Latin America at the League of Nations* (UNM Press, 2015).
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* Mulder, Nicholas. *The Economic Weapon: The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War* (2022) excerpt also see online review
* Mumby, Jane. *Dismantling the League of Nations: The Quiet Death of an International Organization, 1945-8* (Bloomsbury Academic, 2024) online review of this book
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* Swart, William J. "The League of Nations and the Irish Question." *Sociological Quarterly* 36.3 (1995): 465–481.
* Thorne, Christopher G. *The limits of foreign policy; the West, the League, and the Far Eastern crisis of 1931–1933* (1972) online
* Tollardo, Elisabetta. *Fascist Italy and the League of Nations, 1922–1935* (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016).
* Tournès, Ludovic. "American membership of the League of Nations: US philanthropy and the transformation of an intergovernmental organisation into a think tank." *International Politics* 55.6 (2018): 852–869.
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* Wemlinger, Cherri. "Collective Security and the Italo‐Ethiopian Dispute Before the League of Nations." *Peace & Change* 40.2 (2015): 139–166.
* Wertheim, Stephen. "The League of Nations: a retreat from international law?" *Journal of Global History* 7.2 (2012): 210–232. online 
* Wertheim, Stephen. "The League That Wasn't: American Designs for a Legalist‐Sanctionist League of Nations and the Intellectual Origins of International Organization, 1914–1920." *Diplomatic History* 35.5 (2011): 797–836. online 
* Winkler, Henry R. *Paths Not Taken: British Labour & International Policy in the 1920s* (1994) online
* Yearwood, Peter J. *Guarantee of Peace: The League of Nations in British Policy 1914–1925* (Oxford UP, 2009).
** Yearwood, Peter. "'On the Safe and Right Lines': The Lloyd George Government and the Origins of the League of Nations, 1916–1918." *Historical Journal* 32.1 (1989): 131–155.
** Yearwood, Peter J. "'Consistently with Honour'; Great Britain, the League of Nations and the Corfu Crisis of 1923." *Journal of Contemporary History* 21.4 (1986): 559–579.
** Yearwood, Peter J. "'Real securities against new wars': Official British thinking and the origins of the League of Nations, 1914–19." *Diplomacy and Statecraft* 9.3 (1998): 83–109.
* Yearwood, Peter. ""A Genuine and Energetic League of Nations Policy": Lord Curzon and the New Diplomacy, 1918–1925." *Diplomacy & Statecraft* 21.2 (2010): 159–174.
* Zimmern, Alfred. *The League of Nations and the Rule of Law 1918-1935* (1939) online

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* Haigh, R. H. et al. *Soviet Foreign Policy, the League of Nations and Europe, 1917-1939* (1986)
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* Mulder, Nicholas. *The Economic Weapon: The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War* (2022) excerpt
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### Historiography

* Almada e Santos, Aurora & Santos, Yvette (Hrsg.): *[https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111063973 The League of Nations Experience: Overlapping Readings.]* Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2024. ISBN 9783111056586
* Aufricht, Hans "Guide to League of Nations Publications" (1951).
* Gram-Skjoldager, Karen, and Haakon A. Ikonomou. "Making Sense of the League of Nations Secretariat–Historiographical and Conceptual Reflections on Early International Public Administration." *European History Quarterly* 49.3 (2019): 420–444.
* Jackson, Simon. "From Beirut to Berlin (via Geneva): The New International History, Middle East Studies and the League of Nations." *Contemporary European History* 27.4 (2018): 708–726. online
* Juntke, Fritz; Sveistrup, Hans: "Das deutsche Schrifttum über den Völkerbund" (1927).
* Pedersen, Susan "Back to the League of Nations." *American Historical Review* 112.4 (2007): 1091–1117. .
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## External links

* ''The Covenant of the League of Nations'' audio recording at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
* History of the League of Nations , University of Oxford-led project
* League of Nations Photo archive 
* League of Nations chronology
* [History (1919–1946)](https://www.unog.ch/80256EDD006B8954/(httpAssets)/36BC4F83BD9E4443C1257AF3004FC0AE/%24file/Historical_overview_of_the_League_of_Nations.pdf)  from the United Nations Office at Geneva
* League of Nations Archives from the United Nations Office at Geneva
* Table of Assemblies  Dates of each annual assembly, links to list of members of each country's delegation
* Total Digital Access to the League of Nations Archives Project 
* LONSEA – League of Nations Search Engine, Cluster of Excellence "Asia and Europe in a Global Context", Universität Heidelberg 
* ''The League of Nations.'', Boston: Old Colony Trust Company, 1919. A collection of charters, speeches, etc. on the topic.