Laɣakpahara

thumb|laɣakpahara

**Laɣakpahara bee laɣikpahira** () nyɛla yuli din niŋ bayana  zaŋ n-ti kom ni kɔte bihi mini zaɣ'kara din be binnɛma zuliya shɛli Anashaara ni boli Cypraeidae ni.

Yuli din nyɛ *[[porcelain]] nyɛla* Itali nima balli ni yu'kurili zaŋ n-ti laɣakpahara wɔɣu () pirin la di ni ŋmani taba la zuɣu.

Laɣakpahara wɔri nyɛla din mali kaya ni taada, daabiligu nti pahi nachiinsi nahingbana zaŋ n-ti bala pam kaya ni taada ʒilɛlini. Laɣakpahara ŋɔ n-daa nyɛ wɔ' shɛŋa niriba ni daa mali tumdi tuma dunia zaa ka di nyɛ liɣiri din nyɛ binwɔri. Di nyɛla din niŋ bayana pam a yi chaŋ India Kuliga ni ka nyɛ bɛ ni daa deeri shɛli Maldive Islands din be Sri Lanka din miri India nima Malabar coast, Borneo mini East Indian Islands din be Maluku, Pacific nti pahi yaɣa  pam zaŋ n-ti Afirika tiŋgbana bini din gbaai Ras Hafun zaŋ hali ni Mozambique. Laɣakpahara wɔɣu laɣifu nyɛla din daa nyɛ yɛlikpani zaŋ n-ti Afirika, South Asia nti pahi East Asia kɔhimma ni damma ni zaa.

Tiŋ'kara din gbaai United States mini Mexico, laɣakpahara balibu pam bela Central California zaŋ chaŋ Baja California kulisi ni ("chestnut cowrie" ko n-nyɛ laɣakpahara din pili eastern Pacific Ocean zaŋdu United States teeku yaɣili; zaŋ chaŋ south, ni zaŋ chaŋ Mexico teeku polo, Central America nti pahi Peru. Little Deer Cowrie gba nyɛla di beni; ka chaŋ hali ti be Pacific zaŋ yi Central America, Pacific laɣakpahira liɣiri nyɛla din beni) nti pahi Southeastern United States kulisi ni zaa.

Laɣakpahara zuliya shɛli ban be laɣakpahara zuliya shɛli Anashaaranima ni boli Ovulidae nyɛla bɛ ni saɣiti ni shɛli gba nyɛla laɣakpahara. British Isles polo laɣakpahara zuliya shɛli bɛ ni boli *[[Trivia (gastropod)|Trivia]]* (laɣakpahara zuliya shɛli Anashaara ni boli Triviidae, laɣakpahara zuliya shɛli din nyɛ *[[Trivia monacha]] mini* *[[Trivia arctica]]*) nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli gba laɣakpahara saha shɛŋa. Laɣakpahara zuliya shɛŋa din nyɛ Ovulidae mini Triviidae n-nyɛ laɣakpahara bali shɛŋa din pahi m-be Anashaaranima ni boli laɣakpahara pubu bali shɛli din nyɛ Cypraeoidea, laɣakpahara bali shɛli mini din ŋmani li pam.

## Di Pilli
Bachi shɛli bɛ ni boli laɣakpahirili nyɛla din yina Hindi  () balli ni, ka di mi maŋmaŋa yina Sanskrit  (**') balli ni.
== Wɔɣu buɣisibu ==



Laɣakpahara wɔri tooi zooi la wɔri din nyɛ zaɣi polipoli ka nyɛlisira ka nyɛ din mali galli-taɣinamsi. Di luɣishɛli din kpulim maa n-nyɛ di nyaaŋa , di yaɣili din salisi ŋɔ yuli n-nyɛ di puli bee di tooni polo, dini n-nyɛ yaɣ' shɛli din waɣa, muɣiliŋga, ka yooi voli ([[aperture (mollusc)|aperture]]) ka di ŋmani nyina laasabu di nangbanbiya ni. Di luɣishɛli din niŋ muɣiliŋga maa n-nyɛ galli-taɣinamsi laɣakpahara wɔɣu ŋɔ nyoli ni ka wɔɣu ŋɔ luɣishɛli din yɛlim ŋɔ mi nyɛ di nyaaŋa. Wɔɣu ŋɔ gilagila pala din ni tooi nya laɣakpahara din bi puuni, amaa ka be laɣakpahara lɛri ni, ka di zuɣu che ka zaɣ'bihi ŋɔ nahingbana be di ko ka che zaɣ'kara maa.

==Di Tuma Zaŋ Ti Daadama==
===Liɣiri tuma===

Laɣakpahara wɔri, balantee ''[[Monetaria moneta]]'', nyɛla gbansabila ni daa yunsiri shɛli saha din gari maa ka di daa nyɛ laɣa zuɣu. O buku din nyɛ ''[[Marriage and Morals]]'', [[Bertrand Russell]] nyɛla din jandi laɣakpahara wɔri yunsibu din nyɛ laɣa zuɣu [[ancient Egypt]] zaŋ chaŋ ŋmahinli din be taɣinamsi zaŋ n-ti wɔri mini paɣa tooni sunsuun. Yuuni 1500s nyaaŋa, wɔri ŋɔ zaŋ tum liɣiri tuma nyɛla din daa lahi niŋ bayana pahi. "Western nations", Nanima nyɛla ban daa zaŋ [[History of slavery|dabili daabiligu]], n-daa piligi kalinli pam zaŋ n-ti [[Republic of the Maldives|Maldivian]] laɣakpahara din be Afirika. Laɣakpahara ŋɔ ka bɛ daa zaŋ n-ti [[Ghana Nima Liɣiri|Ghana nima liɣiri]] yuli. Bini din gbaai tusa ata nyaaŋa, laɣakpahara wɔri  bee di ŋmali  n-daa nyɛ din kuri liɣiri bukaata China tiŋgbani ni. Di nyɛla bɛ ni daa lahi mali shɛli taɣiri binyɛra [[India]] tiŋgbani ni.

China nima bachinima ŋmɛbu laɣifu dalinli () nyɛla din daa piligi ni Maldivian laɣakpahara wɔri bɔmbu. Bachinima mini nahingbana din jandi laɣifu, buni, nyɛla din tooi mali din bɔŋɔ ka di nyɛ di dalinli. Pɔi ni "[[Spring and Autumn period]]" ŋɔ saha laɣakpahara nyɛla bɛ ni daa mali shɛli n-niŋdi kɔhamma ni dammanima zaa.



=== Tabiibi bukaata tuma ===
[[Ojibway|Ojibwe]] niriba ban be [[North America]] malila laɣakpahara wɔ' shɛli bɛ ni boli **miigis shells** bee **whiteshells** n-kuri bɛ bukaata nima "[[Midewiwin]]" tuma ni, ni [[Whiteshell Provincial Park]] din be [[Manitoba]], [[Canada]] nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ lala laɣakpahara wɔɣu ŋo yuli boli shɛli. Nangbankpeeni shɛli beni zaŋ jɛndi Ojibway ni zaŋ wɔri ŋɔ niŋ daabiligu bee m-pili li shɛm. Nolini taarihi wuhiya ni tiŋgbani ni ka bɛ daa nya lala binwɔri ŋɔ, bee kulibɔna puuni ka kom daa ʒi li yina. Lala binwɔri ŋɔ nyabu tuuli ha ni tooi nyɛla ban daa niŋdi daabiligu sahashɛli ha ni daa ʒi shɛli na. Nolini taarihi wuhiya ni tiŋgbani ni ka bɛ daa nya lala binwɔri ŋɔ, bee kulibɔna puuni ka kom daa ʒi li yina. Lala binwɔri ŋɔ nyabu tuuli ha ni tooi nyɛla ban daa niŋdi daabiligu sahashɛli ha ni daa ʒi shɛli na.

Eastern India tingbani ni, di bahi bahindi West Bengal, di nyɛla liɣiri di che ka kpiimba duri kuliga din yuli booni "[[Vaitarani (mythology)|Vaitarani]]". Laɣakpahara nyɛla bɛ ni yori laɣ'shɛli ka bɛ nyori kpiimba. Laɣakpahara lahi nyɛla din pahiri buɣili Laxmi jambu ni.

Brazil tiŋgbani ni, di ni daa niŋ ka daba dabu be gbansabila tiŋgbani ni, laɣakpahara wɔri (bɛ ni boli shɛli ''búzios'') daa nyɛla bɛ ni mali shɛli ŋmɛri kuŋ tiri [[Orisha|Orixás]] buɣa ka wumdi di labisibu.

Laɣakpahara pahila [[Kaniyar Panicker]] buɣijamdiba ban be [[Kerala]] ni mali shɛli kuri bukaata, India.

Gbansabila tinsi yaɣ'shɛŋa, laɣ'kpahira daa nyɛ bɛ ni yori shɛli ka niŋdi dabodabo, ka di daa tabi bi'dɔɣiligu, paɣa mini doo laɣibu mini saha. Di lahi nyɛla din tibiri ningbungbaŋ zuɣu dɔri kamani nabikɔɣu, di yi niŋ ka a nyoli ka di leei tampilim.

[[Pre-dynastic Egypt|Egypt]] mini Neolithic [[Southern Levant]]  piligu saha , bɛ daa malila laɣakpahara m-pahiri sɔɣiri bi'puɣinsi. ƷaamaniLevantine daa nyɛla bɛ bo n-nya shɛli ka di pe n-gili paɣa zuɣuŋmani.  Yuma din gbaai [[Bronze Age|Bronze]] saha, laɣakpahara daa nyɛla din niŋ bayana kuyiya pina ni, ka lahi nyɛ bɛ ni mali shɛli pahiri sɔɣiri paɣaba mini bihi.

===Nachintɛri===
Laɣakpahara wɔri  lahi nyɛla bɛ ni mali shɛli n-diri nachiinsi, ka shɛba mali maani binyɛra din nyɛ nachintɛri bee [[amulet|tim]].  [[Mende people|Mende]] kaya ni taada ni, laɣakpahara wɔri nyɛla dalinli din zani paɣ'tali, dɔɣim, dɔɣibu  n-ti pahi buni. Sasabira ŋun sabbu dalindi bala nyɛla ŋun nya ka di gbunni biɛhigu ŋmani paɣa paɣ'tali gbana bee nimbila.

[[Fiji]] Islands, waɣu zaŋ n-ti salima laɣakpahara bee bulikula, ''[[Cypraea aurantium]]'', bɛ daa chibiri la di naabu shee voli ka zaŋ mii niŋ din ni ka zaŋ li kaai gili [[tribal chief|Naa]] nyiŋgoli ka di wuhiri zaashee din gahim. [[Tuvalu]] paɣaba nyɛla ban mali laɣakpahara mini wɔri din pahi m-maani kali binyɛra.

===Diɛma ni yiɣijam mini gambuli===
Laɣakpahara wɔri nyɛla saha shɛŋa bɛ ni mali shɛli n-tumdi [[dice|ludu bia]] tuma, ŋmahinli,  wolibɔŋ diɛma kamani [[Pachisi]], [[Ashta Chamma (board game)|Ashta Chamma]] bee [[divination]] (cf. [[Ifá]] mini [[Annual Customs of Dahomey|annual customs of Dahomey]] zaŋ n-ti [[Benin]]). Wɔri kalinli kamani (dibaayobu bee dibaayopɔin din be  Pachisi) nyɛla bɛ ni yɛn zaŋ shɛli labi ka din lurina ka di voya kpa zuɣusaa wuhiri di kalinli shɛli din kpilim.

[[Nepal]], laɣakpahara nyɛla bɛ ni mali shɛli diɛmdi diɛma, niriba anahi n-ti pahi bɛ mini ban diɛmdi diɛma ŋɔ nyɛla ban yɛn zaŋ laɣakpahara pinaayobu bahi. Diɛma ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni tooi diɛmdi shɛli yinsi ni samban polo  di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ puhiri [[Hindu]] chuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Tihar (festival)|Tihar]] bee [[Deepawali]]. Lala chuɣu ŋɔ ni yaha, lala wɔri ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni jɛmdi shɛli ka di nyɛ shihirili zaŋ n-ti  Duuma [[Lakshmi]] mini buni.

===Din pahi===
Laɣakpahara wɔri zaɣ'kara kamani ''[[Cypraea tigris]]'' wɔri nyɛla bɛ ni daa mali shɛli taɣindi nɛma ni n-shɛra  [[Europe]] tiŋgbanni ka daa lahi zaŋli yihi sɔɣisi napɔŋkpahi. Laɣakpahara ŋɔ polipoli tali zuɣu chɛmi ka shɛrigi ni tooi neeni ni alaha. 

A yi lihi kurumbuni ha, kamani yuuni 1940s zaŋ ti gbai yuuni 1950s, laɣakpahara wɔri din nyɛ zaɣ'bihi nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋdi shɛli pahiri tooi sɔŋdi wuhiri bi'bihi laasabu malibu shikuriti  ni.


<gallery>
File:A print from 1845 shows cowry shells being used as money by an Arab trader.jpg|Print from 1845 shows cowrie shells being used as money by an Arab trader.
File:Antiquities of the southern Indians, particularly of the Georgia tribes (1873) (14777393065).jpg|Antiquities of Native Americans, particularly of the Georgia tribes (1873)
File:Cowrie shells - sozhi roll of 3.jpg|Cowrie shells used as dice, showing a roll of 3
File:Cowrie at Paindane coral garden dsc04639.jpg
File:Cowries.png
File:Cowrie laying eggs.jpg|laɣakpahara ni nyeri gala
File:Cowrie Shells Used as Currency.jpg|bɛ ni zaŋ laɣakpahara wɔri n-niŋ liɣiri
File:Cowrie shells made from clay (Early Chinese burial money) - Scott Semans 04.jpg|bɛ ni zaŋ yaɣiri m-mali laɣakpahara
File:Cowries Print Maxi Dress.JPG|laɣakpahara ni pa daliya zuɣu
File:Cowrie shell pendant MET DT225887.jpg|Cowrie shell pendant
File:Cowrie Money & Gambling Chips, Ramkhamhaeng Museum, Sukhothai (47648389081).jpg|Cowrie Money & Gambling Chips
File:Cowries sets on Igba Osun.jpg|Cowries sets on Igba Osun
File:Cowries necklaces made in Northern Ghana.jpg|Laɣakpahara nyingokɔriti din nyɛ tudu yaɣili malibu
File:Cowries - Nalanda Museum (2).jpg|Cowries - Nalanda Museum
File:Cowries (Ancient Chinese Money) - Scott Semans.jpg|China nima nadaa liɣiri
File:Cowries.jpg|Laɣakpahara
File:Cowries beaded belt.jpg|Laɣakpahara yari
File:Cowries - Nalanda Museum (1).jpg|Cowries - Nalanda Museum (1)
File:Cowries (Ego igwe).jpg|Cowries (Ego igwe)
</gallery>

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
*[[Money cowry]]
*[[Shell money]]
**[[Wampum]]
== Kundivihira ==


== Tooni karimbu ==
* Felix Lorenz; Alex Hubert (1999). ''A Guide to Worldwide Cowries''. Conchbooks. .

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090414110124/http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/cowries/ Cowrie Genomic Database Project]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060527111331/http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/classification/path/Cypraea.html#Cypraea Genus ''Cypraea'' on Animal Diversity Web]
* [http://www.cowry.org/ cowry.org – studying Hawaii's cowries] 
* [http://www.beautifulcowries.net Beautifulcowries] – a gallery of images of cowries
* 
* 
*"**'" at Wiktionary