Gadaa

**Gadaa** (; literally: era) nyɛla "indigenous democratic system" zaŋ n-ti Oromos din be Ethiopia mini northern Kenya.  Konso gba nyɛla ban niŋdi li n-ti pahi Gedeo people zaŋ n-ti southern Ethiopia. Di nyɛla din lɛbigiri siyaasa tali, tiŋgbani kuhima ni damma, biɛhi suŋ n-ti pahi adiini ʒilɛli ni.

Gadaa saha, yuma anii kam,  Oromo nyɛla din yɛn piigi kpamba awɔi ka bɛ booni ba    ("the  nine  Borana  assemblies"). Kpɛma so bɛn piigi n-ti gadaa system nyɛla ŋun be nam ni yuma anii koŋkor, ka piibu- piibu nyɛ din lahi niŋda yuma anii ŋɔ ni naaibu ni. Saha kam ka  yi kpi ka na be nam ni,  (shɛhira shɛli din wuhiri yaa) din yɛn zaŋ li n-ti o paɣa ka o tuɣi bokkuu ka doli di zalikpana.

Gada system nyɛla bɛn daa zaŋ shɛli pahi UNESCO ka di be Intangible Cultural Heritage tum yuuni 2016. Di ŋmali nyɛ Oromo din yina Madda Walabu district zaŋ n-ti Oromia. Oromo niriba nyɛla ban kpaɣi lala biɛhigu ŋɔ bɛ "common heritage". Lala biɛhigu ŋɔ puuni ka Oromo niriba be zaŋ n-ti kurumbuna ni ha.

Oromo nyɛla ban gbubi bɛ maŋ n-doli Gadaa system saha waɣala pɔi ni 16th century, din daa niŋ ka paati dibaa ata tɔbu niŋ bɛ mini Ethiopian Empire din be bɛ walin pɔhili n-ti pahi Adal Sultanate din be bɛ walin luhili sunsuun. Di daliri daa nyɛla  Oromo daa nyɛla din deei dolodolo mini musulinsi adiini nima. Borana mini Guji daa nyɛ din miri Ethiopian-Kenyan border nyɛla ban daa tooi niŋdi Gadaa ka yɛltɔɣ'muɣisirili shɛli ka din ni. Yuuni 2015, Gadaa Center din be Odaa Bultum nyɛ din daa piligi ka yuuni 2018, Gadaa Center din be Odaa Hullee nyɛ bɛn daa kpihim shɛli din daa niŋ ka yɛltɔɣ'muɣisira daa be din ni. Yuuni 2019, Bule Hora University nyɛla ban daa piligi "master's degree" zaŋ jɛndi Gadaa bɔhimbu.

## Nahingbana
### Luba
Gadaa ʒilɛli ni nyɛla bɛn daa pu shɛli doli niriba yuma ka daa boli .  kam nyɛla din daa mali bihi. Di "grade" maa zaa nyɛla din daa mali "grade" nim koŋkoba pin'yini, ka di zaa niŋdi yuma anii ka di zaa mali di zuɣu rights mini responsibilities.

"Grade" nim ŋɔ nyɛla din doli lɛbigimsim soya hali ni yuma anii.

### Baallii
 nyɛla yaa taɣi zaŋ n-ti so  Gadaa paati yini puuni.

### Gadaa Party ()
Gadaa paati nim anu be ni ka bɛ booni li . Paati nim ŋɔ nyɛla din doli zalikpana anu zaŋ n-ti Oromo niriba. Paati kam nyɛla din kana nam ni yuun pihinahi nyaaŋa. Din zuɣu kpaɣiribu kani zaŋ n-ti Gadaa paati nim anu ŋɔ, amaa ka kpaɣiribu lee be ninvuɣ shɛba ban be paati yini ni. Gadaa paati nim anu ŋɔ nyɛla din mali yu koŋkoba, di yuya nyɛ Boorana, Maccaa-Tuulama, Arsii, Gujii n-ti pahi Ituu-Humbannaa.

## Vihigu

Baŋdiba pam nyɛla ban bɔhim Gadaa. Legesse nyɛla ŋun sabi wuhi ni Gadaa nyɛla  "nyɛla binshɛli din viɛli pam n-ti ninsali nim ʒilɛli ni". Din pahiri o Harvard PhD dissertation, Legesse nyɛla ŋun ŋmɛ buku ka zaŋ li wuhi salo ka yɛli ni Gadaa nyɛla African democracy din kpahiri niri zalikpani zaaniba. Donald Levine ŋun daa kpi la daa yɛliya ni   Gadaa nyɛla  "binshɛli din pahi binshɛŋa din gbaai ka di niŋbu tu pam n-ti ninsali nima".

## Role of women
Tuuli,  *Gadaa* system nyɛla siyaasa biɛhigu tuma ka di nyɛ din taɣiri gomnanti ni, kuhima ni damma kpaŋsibu, binyɛra miɛbu ni din kam pahi. Di "academically debatable" nyɛla din bi ti Oromo paɣaba soli ni bɛ di kpamli *Abbaa Gadaa paɣa nyɛla ŋun mali jilima kamani*  *Abbaa Gadaa* maŋmaŋ. *Siinqee* feminist nyɛ ŋun zaani n-tiri paɣaba gadaa system.
## Lihimi m-pahi
*Irreechaa
*Cushitic peoples
*Barentu (Oromo)
*Borana people
*Oromia
*Intangible cultural heritage

## Kundivihira

## Bibliography

* Ulrich Braukämper, *Layers Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia* (2003)
* Joseph Van de Loo, "Guji Oromo Culture in Southern Ethiopia." Berlin: Reimer, 1991.
* Asmarom Legesse, "Gadaa: Three Approaches to the Study of African Society", 1973
* Donald Levine, "Greater Ethiopia: The Evolution of a Multiethnic Society", 1974
* Asmarom Legesse, "Oromo Democracy: an Indigenous African Political System", 2006
* Asafa Jalata, Gadaa (Oromo Democracy): An Example of Classical African Civilization, Journal of Pan-African Studies (2012)
* Tenna Dewo. 2008. The Concept of Peace in the Oromo Gadaa System: Its Mechanisms and Moral Dimension. *Journal of Oromo Studies* 15.1: 139-180. Web access
* Z. Sirna, "Ethiopia: When the Gadaa Democracy Rules in a Federal State", 2012
* Participedia Contributors, "The Gadaa System of the Oromo People," last modified September 7, 2018, Retrieved from https://participedia.xyz/method/4865