Kamantoo

**Kamantooŋa** ( bee ) nyɛla binwɔlli din dira ka yina kamantoon gbuŋ ni (***Solanum lycopersicum)***.  Di pili la western South America, Mexico, ni Central America. Di ni tooi niŋ ka di zaŋ niŋ bindiri nyɛ din piliMexico polo. Aztecs daa malila kamntoonsi duɣiri Spanish ni daa ŋme n-deei Aztec Empire saha shɛli, ka Spanish ni daa tuui nya kamantoonsi bɛ ni daa be Aztecs ni, ka bɛ daa dali kuli Europe, bɛ daa dalimi ni bɛ ni boli shɛli "Columbian exchange". Nimaani nyaaŋa, kamantoonsi daa gili Europe yaɣa 16th century.

Kamantoonsi nyɛla din pahiri "umami" nyɔm. Di dibu mali balibu pam: zaɣ'kahili bee di yi duɣi, ka niŋdi bindira pam ni, binnyura ni kpama ni. Kamantoon piɛla nyɛla binwɔla.

Kamantooni balibu nyɛla bɛ ni kɔri shɛli dunia tiŋgbani yaɣa pam, ka di zuɣu che ka kamantoonsi bi kɔŋdi yuuni puli ni. Kamantoongbuŋ zoori paari kamani  . Di gbuŋ ka yaa din ni tooi zani zuɣusaa ka di zuɣu che ka bɛ sari bɛ sari binyɛra din sɔdi li ka di zaana. Kamaantooŋa ŋmelimbu dolila kamantooŋa balishɛli din nyɛli, ka di ŋmelindi paari kamani  .

## Taaarihi

Kamantoonsi nyɛbila din nye, *Solanum pimpinellifolium*, chaŋ mi ti yina South America. Lala kamantoon balli ŋɔ daa nyɛla din barilim mini paya saɣi. Tuuli shɛhirili din wuhiri kamantoonsi zaŋ ku bukaata yiŋ nyɛla din tabi Aztecs nima mini ninvuɣu shɛb’ ban be "Mesoamerica", ban daa nye ban zaŋli duɣira. Spain niriba n-daa nye ban tooi zaŋ kamantoonsi wuhi Europe nima, din daa niŋ ka ban pun mali duɣiri bɛ bindira.  France, Italy ni northern Europe, kamantoonsi daa na nyɛla bɛ ni sari shɛli nachiinsi zuɣu. Zlisiɣu daa na beni zaŋ chaŋ di bindiri tali polo ka dama botanists daa lihili ka di nyɛla “nightshade”, din tabi pɔizin tia, belladonna. Ŋɔ daa nyɛla lahabali din ʒiɛ ka di nyɛla kamantoonsi puuni kom din nye acid la mini  “pewter” yi gabi taba. Di vari mini di wala nyɛla din mali “tomatine”, ka di yi galisi di ni tooi mali barina. Amaa, kamantoonsi din mooi dii ka “tomatine” ŋɔ pam n'ti paai din bi mooi.

### Mesoamerica
Dabsi chirichi bi mi zaŋ kpa di yiŋ kpɛbu na; 500 BC zaa, di daa pun nyɛla bɛ ni kɔri shɛli Mexico wulinluɣili polo ka yaɣa shɛŋa gba. Pueblo niriba ban dihimi tabli ni ninvuɣu shɛba ban vaandi kamantoon bi nyɛla bam mali tim. Kamantoonsi din mali pɔbri, din bala, ka nye zaɣi bihi, nyɛla ŋan yina Mesoamerica, ka di ni tooi nye din zuliya n-nye kamantoon shɛŋa din pa be biɛhigu ni ŋɔ.

Aztecs nim ŋɔ daa nyɛla ban yihi kamantoon’ bali bɔbigu na, ka kamantoon ʒiɛ yuli nye  ka kamantoon vɔkahili yuli mi nye (physalis) called  (tomatillo). Bernardino de Sahagún wuhiya ni o daa nye kamantoon bali bɔbigu Aztec daa ni din be Tenochtitlán (Mexico City): “kamantoon kara, kamantoon bihi, vɔri kamantoonsi, kamantoon nyaɣasa, kamantoonsi din be ka bihili, kamantoon kara din be sapaɣa", ni kom kam kamantoonsi, zaɣa ʒiɛhi hali ni zaɣa dozima. Bernardino de Sahagún yɛliya ni Aztecs duɣiri ka kamantoonsi kani bee ni kamantoon bali bɔbigu, ka kohirili tiŋ kara dahi ni: “bindira, binnyuri tula; bindiri chimda, lamalɛhi, ni kamantoonsi; tua duɣira, n'ti pahi kamantoon kpuli kara kom, din bi yaɣi laa kom, tuturi balibu balibu kom, paya kom."

### Spanish distribution
Spain conquistador Hernán Cortés ni tooi nyɛ ŋun daa tuui zaŋ kamantoon dozim kpe Europe di ni  daa niŋ ka o gbahi Aztec City Tenochtitlan, din pa nyɛ Mexico City, yuuni 1521. Piligu alizama zaŋ kpa kamantoonsi polo Europe litiricha ni nyɛla din daa yina  herbal ni yuuni 1544 ka ŋun sabi li nyɛ Pietro Andrea Mattioli,  Italy dɔɣite, ŋun daa wuhi ni “eggplant” bali shɛli nyɛla din kpe na ka di kom nyɛ zaɣi ʒee bee zaɣi dozim di yi mooi, ka ni tooi lahi ŋmahi kala kala n-ŋubi ka mani eggplant—di yi niŋ ka di duɣi ka niŋ yalim, naanzua, ni kpam niŋ. Yuun' pia nyaaŋa ka kamantoonsi yuli daa ti yina sabbu ni ka nyɛ Mattioli as , bee "golden apples".

Di ni daa niŋ ka Spain ŋmɛnfa America naai, Spain nim ŋɔ daa nyɛla ban tari kamantoonsi gili ban kam zaa bɛ sulinsi ni Caribbean. Bɛ daa lahi zaŋli chaŋ Philippines, ka di daa yi di ni kpe southeast Asia ka di kpe Asia bobli maa zaa. Spain nim ŋɔ n-daa lahi nye ban zaŋ kamantoonsi kpe Europe. Di zoobu daa bi tɔ Mediterranean ni, ka di kobu daa piligi yuuni 1540 saha. Bɛ daa pili di dibu di yibu na nyaaŋa, ka di daa nye bindirigu sɛnchiri pia ni apɔin saha, Spain. 

### China
Ban daa tuui zaŋ kamantoonsi wuhi China nim m-nyɛ Philippines bee Macau, yuma 1500 saha. Bɛ daa ti li yuli la 番茄  (foreign eggplant), ka di dumi tam bɛ China nim ni tooi tiri bindira din yina  tiŋduya yuya shɛm, amaa ka lee zami ti kurum buna ha dina.

## Kɔbu
Kantooŋa nyɛla bɛ ni kɔri shɛli dunia zaa pirim la di wɔla ni dirila zuɣu, ka di mali balibu tuha. Kulim din mali NPK ratio din nyɛ 5–10–10 n-tooi zooi ka bɛ kɔhirili kamantooŋa kulim, amaa kulimtam nyɛla bɛ ni lahi mali shɛli bahiri li.Kamantoon yini ni ʒi ni too paai kamani.

### Dɔriti

* **LB** – 'late blight'
* **V** – ''verticillium'' wilt
* **F** – ''fusarium'' wilt strain I
* **FF** – *fusarium* wilt strain I and II
* **N** – *[[nematode]]s*
* **T** – *[[tobacco mosaic virus]]*, and
* **A** – *[[alternaria]]*.

### Binnɛma

Kamantoonsi binnɛma ban niŋ bayana n-nyɛ tomato bug, stink bugs, cutworms, tomato hornworms ni tobacco hornworms, aphids, cabbage loopers, whiteflies, tomato fruitworms, flea beetles, red spider mite, slugs, n-ti pahi Colorado potato beetles. Kamantoonsi "russet mite", *[[Aculops lycopersici]]*, dirila kamnatoonsi vari mini di wɔla, ka di che ka di vari gurinda, fulaawaasi ni wɔla ka ni tooi che kamantooŋa kpi.

Binnɛma ŋɔ yi kpe kamantoonsi ni bɛ yɛligirimi.

### Other disorders
Hali di yi kuli pa dɔriti, kom yi bi saɣi kamantoonsi di zuɣu ni tɔoi che ka di mooi ka tɔhi lu. 

### Companion plants
Kamantoonsi mini binwɔla pamtabi taba.

"Borage" nyɛla din kariti kamantoonsi binnɛma.

Basil nyɛla binwɔlli din tabi kamantooŋa. Vihigu wuhiya ni di nyɛla din ni too kari binnɛma kamantoonsi ni. Amaa, di bi taɣiri kamantoonsi malisim di mini li yi ko m-miri taba.

Kamnatoon gbuna ni tooi gu ka taɣi "asparagus" din yirina "asparagus beetles" ni, ka di daliri nyɛla di malila tim din kuri lala binnɛma ŋɔ, di mini "asparagus" gbuna mali "asparagusic acid" din kariti "nematodes" ban saɣindi kamantoon gbuna la. "Marigolds" gba kariti "nematodes".

### Pollination

### Fruit formation

### Hydroponic and greenhouse cultivation

### Picking and ripening

### Yield
Dunia nima daa zaŋ la yiika 4.8 miliyɔŋ n-ko kamantoonsi yuuni 2012 ka bɛ ni daa pɔhi kamantoon shɛŋa yiɣisi kpalansi 161.8 miliyɔŋ. Yiika kam daa naan tooi niŋ paai kamani kpalansi 33.6 yiika kam zuɣuni yuuni 2012.

Kamantoon puri din daa be Netherlands n-daa nyɛ din niŋ pam yuuni 2012, ka yiika kam ni tooi niŋ paai kamani yiika kɔbisinahi ni pisopɔin ni ayɔbu, Belgium n-daa do buyi zuɣu (ka yiika kam daa naan tooi niŋ kpalan kɔbiga ni pihiyɔbu ni ata) ka Iceland pahi buta (ka yiika kam daa naan tooi niŋ kamani kpalan kɔbisinahi ni pihita yini ka).

### Records

Zaŋ kana yuuni 2008, kamantoon timsili shɛli bɛ ni daa pɔhigi timsim daa yiɣisila ,  kamantoon balishɛli din nyɛ "Delicious" n-daa nyɛli, ka ŋun daa ko li nyɛ Gordon Graham ŋun yina Edmond, Oklahoma yuuni 1986. Kamantoon gbuŋ din daa galisi daa nyɛla kamantoosi balishɛli din yuli nyɛ "Sungold" ka daa zooi paai , ban daa ko li n-nyɛ Nutriculture Ltd (UK) din be Mawdesley, Lancashire, UK, yuuni 2000.

Kamantoon gbuŋ din zoori pam Walt Disney World Resort  "experimental greenhouses" din be Lake Buena Vista, Florida ni tooi nyɛ kamantoon gbuŋ din galisi dunia zaa. Kamantoon gbuŋ maa nyɛla "Guinness World Record Holder" ni mi shɛli yɛla, ka di niŋ kamantoonsi gari tuhi pihita ni ayi ni timsi din yiɣisi . Di kamantoon gbuni yini kam nyɛla din niŋdi kamantoonsi tuhi bɔbigui. Yong Huang, Epcot kpɛma zaŋ ti pukparigu yaɣili, nyɛla ŋun nyɛ kamantoon gbuŋ din yi di ko Beijing, China. Huang ʒila di ʒi kuli Epcot n-ti bɔ soya ni di zooi ni. Lala kamantoon gbuŋ maa daa niŋla kamantoon kara, ka bɛ daa mali li niŋdi bindirigu ni "Walt Disney World restaurants" ni. Dɔro daa gbaai lala kamantoon gbuŋ maa ka bɛ daa yiihili Anashaara goli April yuuni 2010 di ni daa niŋ chira pinaata nyaaŋa.


File:Germinating tomatos.jpg|Tomato plants 7 days after planting
File:Tomatoseedlings.jpg|Tomato seedlings growing indoors
File:Tomato 27 days from planting seeds.jpg|27 days after planting
File:Tomato fruit and flowers at day 52.jpg|52-day-old plant, first fruits
File:Green Tomatoes.jpg|Tomatoes being collected from the field, Maharashtra, India

### Storage
Kamantoo zaŋ zali viɛnyɛla nyɛla di yi na bi paɣi ka a zali room temperature ka bi che wuntaŋ kpɛri li. Di bi niŋ viɛnyɛla ni a zaŋ li niŋ firiiji puuni dama di pɔɣu maa bi kpɛma lala zuɣu di nyaɣisim nyɛla din yɛn booi.

Di yi niŋ ka di duɣu maa do tiŋgbani ni tirisi di shelf life, amaa ka leei che ka di pooi yomyom.

Kamantoo din na bi mooi nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni tooi mali niŋdi piɛɣu ni ka di mooi.

## Anfooninima

Lahabali_kɔligu:Heirloom_tomatoes.jpg|Various heirloom tomato (heritage tomato in British English) cultivars
Lahabali_kɔligu:Photo_of_various_homegrown_tomatoes.jpg|Homegrown multicolored tomatoes
Lahabali_kɔligu:Heirlooms.jpg|A variety of cultivars, including Brandywine (biggest red), Black Krim (lower left) and Green Zebra (top left)
Lahabali_kɔligu:Red_Tomatoes_with_PLU_code.jpg|Red tomatoes with PLU code in a supermarket


## Kundivihira

## Further reading
* David Gentilcore. *Pomodoro! A History of the Tomato in Italy* (Columbia University Press, 2010), scholarly history
* 
## External links

* Tomato Genome Sequencing Project – Sequencing of the twelve tomato chromosomes.
* Tomato core collection database – Phenotypes and images of 7,000 tomato cultivars