Acacus Mountains

**Acacus Mountains** bee **Tadrart Akakus** (Arabic: تدرارت أكاكوس / ALA-LC: Tadrārt Akākūs) nyɛ din niŋ zoli Ghat District din be western Libya, Sahara luɣ'shɛli polo. Di bɛla tiŋ shɛli be ni booni Ghat, din be Libya la wulin puhuli zuɣu n lahi tee chɛŋ north, Algeria luɣili zuɣu kaman 100 kilometres (62 mi) zuɣu. 

## Taari

### Etymology
*Tadrart* nyɛla din nyɛ feminine form zaŋ ti "mountain" din be Berber balla ni (masculine: *adrar*

## Tampima malibu
Bɛ mi la lala yaɣili ŋɔ di tampima malibu baŋsim la zuɣu (rock art) ka bɛ daa zaŋli pahi UNESCO World Heritage Site ni yuuni 1985 di ni mali peentiri shɛli dɔkpɛri shɛŋa la zuɣu. Di peetibu ŋɔ daa niŋla 12,000&nbsp;BCE zaŋ chaŋ 100&nbsp;CE saha ka tahi kali mini biɛhigu taɣibu na.

Di mali la binkobi shɛba bɛ ni peenti ka kpɛ,kamani giraffes,wɔbiri, taataa nima ni laakuma, nti pahi ninsalinima mini  yuri. Bɛ buɣisirila niriba dakulo kam, for shɛhira,yila ŋmɛbu ni mini  waa wabu.
File:Tadrart Acacus 1.jpg|Giraffe
File:Libya 5041 Petroglyphs Tadrart Acacus Luca Galuzzi 2007.jpg|Elephant
File:Tadrart Acacus 2.jpg|Pictograms
File:Libya 4924 Pictograms Tadrart Acacus Luca Galuzzi 2007.jpg|Pictograms
File:Libya 4870 Pictograms Tadrart Acacus Luca Galuzzi 2007.jpg|Pictograms


## Milk lipids
Tadrart Acacus lahi nyɛla yaɣishɛli  milk lipids ni daŋ duɣibu, ka bɛ  yuuni  7,500 BP saha.
## Vandalism and destruction since 1969
Muammar Gaddafi nam saha la din gbaai yuuni 1969 n-ti kpa 2011 yuuni, be daa nyɛla ban yi be ni booni shɛli "Department of Antiquities" yɛla ni ka be viɛla. Yuma zaŋ gbaai 2005, din niŋ ka be bɔri kpam lala kuɣ' shɛli din mali baŋsim ka di pa di zuɣu la gbunni che ka kuɣili maa bela barna ni. Maʒin kara nyɛla be ni zaŋ shɛŋa kpa kuɣuli maa gbinni ni be baŋ kpam ŋɔ ni be shɛli, ka dinzuɣu che ka be wurindi kuɣ'shɛŋa din miri  lib, b n-ti pahi din gili din nyɛ Tadrart Acacus kuɣ' shɛli din mali baŋsim ka di pa di zuɣu la.

Bin'kuri shɛŋa be ni ʒɛri ni maa nyɛla din niŋ ninmɔhi. Zaŋ chɛŋ be UNESCO nim ni daa mŋɛ kuŋɔ n-ti Libya's archaeological and cultural heritage nima, ni be yɛli Libya nim ka dama ni lala yɛl'kura ŋɔ "nyɛla tayiɣisi ni zuri shɛli n-ti pahi tan'mɛriba ban wurindi li la."

Yuuni 2012 puuni be n-daa ku Gaddafi la nyaaŋa, be daa kpaŋ be maŋa ni be kpuɣi tumtumdiba ka wuhi ba be tuma ka di nyɛla UNESCO nim niya ni so'chibsi din laasabu nyɛ $2.26 million la puuni, be mini Libya ni Itali gɔmnanti nima. So'chibsi ŋɔ puuni n-nyɛ di mali zali, du gubu ni di niriba baŋsim liɛbu. N-ti pahi Tadrart Acacus, Libya nim malila UNESCO duniya Heritage nim ŋɔ dabaanahi n pahi din nim n-nyɛ:  Cyrene, Leptis Magna, Sabratha ni Ghadames. UNESCO nim saɣsigu puuni, be yɛliya ni di tuya ka be kpa luɣ'shɛli be yɛn liɛri ban yɛn guli li ni ban yɛn gbubi li baŋsim shɛli polo Ghat bee Uweynat puuni, ka di lahi nyɛ museum din yɛn nyɛ yɛl'kpeeni din che ka niriba baŋ di yɛla.

UNESCO State of Conservation (SOC) lahabali gbaŋ din gbaai 2011, 2012 ni 2013 wuhiya ni kuɣa ŋɔ shee kaman bin pii nyɛla be ni kuli li mi shɛli ka wurumdi li silimiin gɔli April 2009 ha. Yɛl'bɔbigu din gili "property boundaries of the World Heritage ɔSite" ni "property management" yi laɣim, tiŋbihi ŋɔ gba daa be mi di dariza la gba daa pahiya che ka niriba saɣindi li. Zaba din be lala yaɣili ŋɔ tum 2011 yuuni la gba nyɛla din kpaŋsiri binyɛra wurimbu.

Silimiin gɔli May 2013 puuni, UNESCO daa kpuɣi tabiibi baŋsim sɔya din wuhi be ni yɛn gu ka taɣi Tadrart Acacus site la shɛm, ni be ni yɛn kpuɣi so'chib shɛŋa n-tooi kpaŋsi kaya ni taada din daa be shɛm zaŋ chɛŋ di gubu ni di gbib'bu puuni.

Silimiin gɔli 14 April 2014 puuni, lahabali daa yina n-wuhi ni bi'biɛhi laɣinsi dibaayi, ban gba daa be tiɛhi viɛnyɛla ka ŋma be mammaŋ yuya n tabili pahi kuɣ' shɛŋa din mali baŋsim ni sabbu di zuɣu, ni ban gba daa zaŋ ti yɛrisi ni be nyɛhi anfooni ni sabbu din pa kuɣa maa zuɣu. Silimiin gɔli April 20, 2014 dali, tiŋ'bi lahabali sabiriba ban yi Ghat, Libya, Aziz Al-Hachi la daa nyɛla ban ti French nim lahabali tira so ŋun yuli booni Jacques-Marie Bourget la ka yɛli, ni "sledgehammer" nim mini "scrub brushes" ka be daa zaŋ saɣim UNESCO Rock-Art World Heritage Site of Tadrart Acacus.

## joograafi
Tadrart Acacus mali la tiŋgbani konkɔba balibu, din mali nahingbaŋ bihigu, "dunes to arches, gorges, isolated rocks and deep wadis (ravines)". Din nyɛ tiŋgbani kara n-nyɛ arches of Afzejare kini Tin Khlega. Sahara tigbani kumani zaɣi yino, di mali ʒɛgbana bee mɔri , kamani daadaa  *[[Calotropis procera]]*, di zoya ŋɔ mali la tigbanni kom mini ko bilisi nima.


File:Libya 4985 Tadrart Acacus Luca Galuzzi 2007.jpg|Acacus mountains in western Libya, part of the Sahara
File:Akakus fozzigiaren.jpg|Rock arch in Tadrart Acacus
File:Tadrart01.JPG|The Moul n'ga Cirque in the Tadrart Rouge region, with wave clouds above
File:Akakus desert.jpg|Desert of Akakus
File:Akakus tete rocheuse.jpg|Head rock
File:Akakus-Gebirge - Bizarre Felsformationen.jpg|Rock formations
File:Libya 5076 Tadrart Acacus Luca Galuzzi 2007.jpg|Rock formations
File:Menschen der Libyschen Wüste.jpg|Temporary human-built habitat


## Karimi pahi
* List of Stone Age art
* Uan Muhuggiag

## Notes

## Further reading
* Di Lernia, Savino e Zampetti, Daniela (eds.) (2008) *La Memoria dell'Arte. Le pitture rupestri dell'Acacus tra passato e futuro*, Florence, All'Insegna del Giglio;
* Minozzi S., Manzi G., Ricci F., di Lernia S., and Borgognini Tarli S.M. (2003) "Nonalimentary tooth use in prehistory: an Example from Early Holocene in Central Sahara (Uan Muhuggiag, Tadrart Acacus, Libya)" *American Journal of Physical Anthropology* 120: pp.&nbsp;225–232; 
* Mattingly, D. (2000) "Twelve thousand years of human adaptation in Fezzan (Libyan Sahara)" in G. Barker, Graeme and Gilbertson, D.D. (eds) *The Archaeology of Drylands: Living at the Margin* London, Routledge, pp.&nbsp;160–79;
* Cremaschi, Mauro and Di Lernia, Savino (1999) "Holocene Climatic Changes and Cultural Dynamics in the Libyan Sahara" *[[African Archaeological Review]]* 16(4): pp.&nbsp;211–238; 
* Cremaschi, Mauro; Di Lernia, Savino; and Garcea, Elena A. A. (1998) "Some Insights on the Aterian in the Libyan Sahara: Chronology, Environment, and Archaeology" *African Archaeological Review* 15(4): pp.&nbsp;261–286; 
* Cremaschi, Mauro and Di Lernia, Savino (eds., 1998) *Wadi Teshuinat: Palaeoenvironment and Prehistory in South-western Fezzan (Libyan Sahara)* Florence, All'Insegna del Giglio;
* Wasylikowa, K. (1992) "Holocene flora of the Tadrart Acacus area, SW Libya, based on plant macrofossils from Uan Muhuggiag and Ti-n-Torha Two Caves archaeological sites" *Origini* 16: pp.&nbsp;125–159;
* Mori, F., (1960) *Arte Preistorica del Sahara Libico* Rome, De Luca;
* Mori, F., (1965) *Tadrart Acacus*, Turin, Einaudi;
* Mercuri AM (2008) Plant exploitation and ethnopalynological evidence from the Wadi Teshuinat area (Tadrart Acacus, Libyan Sahara). Journal of Archaeological Science 35: 1619-1642; 
* Mercuri AM (2008) Human influence, plant landscape evolution and climate inferences from the archaeobotanical records of the Wadi Teshuinat area (Libyan Sahara). Journal of Arid Environments 72: 1950-1967. 

## External links

* UNESCO Fact Sheet
* Italian-Libyan Archaeological Mission in the Acacus and Messak
* Natural Arches of the Akakus Plateau 

## Kundivihira

* UNESCO Fact Sheet
* Italian-Libyan Archaeological Mission in the Acacus and Messak
* Natural Arches of the Akakus Plateau