Congolese rumba

**Congolese rumba**, bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli **African rumba**, nyɛla waa balishɛli din pili Democratic Republic of the Congo (din daa na nyɛ Zaire) ni Republic of the Congo (din daa na nyɛ French Congo). Di binkumda lu n doli taba, di kumsi, ni di ni yɛri yɛltɔɣa shɛŋa, Congolese rumba nyɛla din yuli du zuɣusaa ka pahi gbansabila yila taɣada ni. Anashaara goli December yuuni 2021, di daa pahi  UNESCO "intangible cultural heritage" ni.

Di pili la 20th century, Kinshasa mini Brazzaville sunsuuni, colonial era ni, binkumda balibu n laɣim taba niŋ Congolese rumba, kamani "Kongolese *maringa* dance music" mini Cuban son. Congolese rumba chanimi ni jitaaya binkumda, "groovy basslines, catchy rhythms", nti pahi binkumda din mali wabu. Lala binkumda balibu ŋɔ piligu chaŋ mi ti gbaai 1930s, di ni daa niŋka gbansabila yiliyiiniba, di bahi bahindi ban daa yina Congo Basin, zaŋ jitaaya, koliba nima, mini ikembe m-pahi ŋmɛri bɛ kaya yila ti pahi Cuban son. Di daa nyɛla din yihi soukous na, binkumda balishɛli din doli kumdi doli taba, ka mali jitaaya kumsi din du zuɣusaa , n-ti pahi "brass" mini "polyrhythmic" sabbu yaɣa.

Di nyɛla din yɛligi gili gbansabila tiŋgbana ni, m-paai tiŋgbana ni kamani Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Madagascar, Zambia, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Nigeria, Ghana, South Sudan, Senegal, Burundi, Malawi, ni Namibia. Yaha, di lahi nyɛla din kpe Europe, di bahi bahindi France, Belgium, Germany, n-ti tabili UK, hali ni US, ka di nyɛla Congolese yiliyiiniba, n yili lala yila ŋɔ tiŋ'duya chuɣiri puhibu ni. Yiliyiiniba kaman Henri Bowane, Wendo Kolosoy, Franco Luambo Makiadi, Le Grand Kallé, Nico Kasanda, Tabu Ley Rochereau, Sam Mangwana, Papa Noel Nedule, Vicky Longomba, n-ti pahi Papa Wemba nyɛla ban mali nuu timbu pam ni lala binkumda ŋɔ, ka duhirili zuɣusaa ka lahi pahiri dibaa ʒemana binkumda din ni.

## Taarihi
### Di ni pili luɣ'shɛŋa
Bɛ ni buɣisi ka bachi ŋɔ, "rumba" pili shɛli nyɛla ni di yimi na Kikongo bachi ni *nkumba*, din gbunni nyɛ "puli ni bingarilk", ka di wuhiri tiŋ'bihili waa din daa wari ni Kingdom of Congo kurili, n-ti tabili zuŋɔ Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, mini Angola. Bantu kali puuni ka di kumsi din doli taba yina, kamani Palo Kongo adiini nk, din chaŋ ti gbaai Kongo niriba "Spanish settlers" ni daa ʒi shɛba labi Cuba 16th century. "Miguel Ángel Barnet Lanza's *On Congo Cults of Bantu Origin in Cuba" ni yɛli shɛma*, bɛ ni daa ʒi gbansabila dab'shɛba chaŋ Cuba daa yimi na Bantu , amaa din nyaaŋa,  Yoruba nima ban daa yina Nigeria n daa ri kpalim Cuba daba. Di mini nahingu shɛli din daa paai gbansabila maa zaa yoli, bɛ binkumda taɣada, wahi balibu, ni tima daa nyɛla din kpalim bɛ zuliyanima ni tiŋgbani yaɣa ni. Din ŋmɛri binkumda kamani conga, makuta, catá, yambu, claves, güiro, n-ti pahi cajón de rumba daa nyɛla bɛ ni mali shɛli n laɣindi binkumda laɣinsi ka di nyɛ bolisi mini saɣibu zaŋ chaŋ tima nima sani mini kpiimba sani. Niriba kamanj Arsenio Rodríguez laɣim la kali Bakongo binkumda miniCuban son.

### Late 1920s–1950s

Lahabaya din yina "Phyllis Martin's *Leisure and Society in Colonial Brazzaville" sani wuhiya*, ni waa din daa wari doli taba Belgian Congo mini French Congo, din pa laɣim taba nyɛ Democratic Republic of the Congo mini Republic of the Congo, zaŋ doli taba, nyɛla bɛ ni daa boli *maringa*. Di chanimi ni dali bila shɛli bɛ ni shɛ gbaŋ pɔbi ka boli li *patenge* ka mali li ŋmɛri "counter-rhythms", koliba din zani n-ti "triangle", n-ti pahi accordion shɛli bɛ ni booni *likembe*. M*aringa wa'wariba waa di yi di ko nyɛla*  sakpuɣa dam doli taba din damdi bɛ ningbuna ka kpuɣiri gbali yini yini n doli taba,  Afro-Cuban rumba dance yɛla teebu, din daa ti du n pili wa'kura din pahi. Lala waa ŋɔ kpela  Congo yaɣili 1930 polo. Zuliya binkumda baŋda Kazadi wa Mukuna ŋun daa yina Kent State University daa di alizama ni yila yaabu duri baŋdiba lala saha ŋɔ daa labi bɔ gbunni n-ti  bachi maa, "*maringa"* ka di nyɛla bɛ laɣim li mi ni "rumba" kumsi din doli taba zaɣ'palli ka na leei kuli che ka di na kuli mali la di di lala yu'kurili maa. Yuuni 1934, Jean Réal,  French dɛma dareta ŋun yina Martinique, daa yina ni yuli din nyɛ "Congo Rumba" o ni daa nya ka yiliyiini shɛba mali lala yuli maa Brazzaville. Clément Ossinondé,  Congolese binkumda baŋda ŋun yaa daa dahi Congolese binkumda polo, daa nya ka Congolese yiliyiinia ban tabi Congo Rumba, Gabriel Kakou mini Georges Mozebo daa nyɛla ban kpaŋsi Congolese rumba ka tabiri sɔŋdi yiliyiiniba ban na bɔhinda. 

Zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 1937, Réal daa nyɛla ŋun ti yiliyiiniba binkumda ni bɛ na zaŋ ŋmɛra, ka di daa niŋ anfaani.pam ti tiŋ'bihi ban be yila ni, bɛ shɛba n-nyɛ Alphonse Samba, Michel Kouka, Georges Nganga, Côme Batoukama (guitars), Vital Kinzonzi (accordion), Emmanuel Dadet (saxophone, guitar, ni ban pahi), n-tibili Albert Loboko (banjo, piano, guitar). Din nyaaŋa bɛ daa kpa "Brass bands"  dibaa anahi Brazzaville, din nima n-nyɛ Fanfare Militaire,  Fanfare de la Milice, Fanfare Catholique, n-ti pahi Fanfare Municipale. Dadet mini Antoine Kasongo n-nyɛ tuuli Congolese yiliyiiniba  ban yina ni Congolese salima yilli ka zaŋ binyɛr' pala m-pahi bɛ yila nima ni. Dadet's "dance band", "Melo-Congo," daa nyɛla din yuli du n chaŋ gbanpiɛla ni, ka ŋmɛri binkumda balibu din gbaai "geriatric waltzes" mini "foxtrots" zaŋ tabili rumba, biguines, n-ti pahi tangos.  "Band" maa daa nya naba zani pam ka bɛ daa dɛm li Poto-Poto "dancing bar PICKUP", ni wahi duri kamani Chez Faignond, Macumba, Beauté Brazza, Chez Ngambali, Mon Pays, n-ti pahi Léopoldville.

1940s–50s sunsuuni, Cuban son groups binkumda, kamani Sexteto Habanero, Trio Matamoros, n-ti pahi Los Guaracheros de Oriente, nyɛla yili shɛŋa bɛ ni daa ŋmɛri Radio Congo Belge din be Léopoldville, ka di daa nya yuli yuma din doli ŋɔ ni na. *Maringa* waa binkumda—amaa di bi tabi Cuban rumba—nyɛla bɛ ni daa nya ka shɛli nyɛ "Congolese rumba", dini daa niŋ ka Sexteto Habanero mini Trio Matamoros daa gabi sabi"rumba". Yiliyiiniba pam nyɛla ban yina Congolese yila ni, ka Paul Kamba mini Antoine Wendo Kolosoy nyɛ ban kpaŋ bɛ maŋa ka ʒemani Congolese yila nya naba zani. Yuuni 1947, Kasongo's Odeon-Kinois orchestra, bee Harmonie Kinoise, daa yina ni *sebene*, din mali kumsi din labiri ŋmɛra, ka di yaa jɛndi jitaaya din kumdi doli taba. Kasongo gba lahi yina ni UK ia nima pam n-ti "Olympia Editions". 

1950s pili, yiliyiiniba ban daa nyɛ tiŋ'bihi ka niŋ milinsi ni Congolese sabiri shɛli white settlers ni daa su daa pili la Congolese rumba sitaaya din ŋmani li, din kumsi tooi chani zamzam  ka waliginsim dii ka di "orchestras" ni. Din nima n-nyɛ African Jazz, OK Jazz, Conga Jazz, Negro Band, n-ti pahi Rumbanella Band. Di mini "band" maa yuli tooi zooya ka di chani ni "jazz" maa zaa yoli, Martin nya ka "yila maa yaa zaa yimi na Africa mini Latin America". Di yuli ŋɔ, "jazz" daa bi yina shɛli pahi American linjimanima nima daa mali la nintiɣiki ni bipola, di bahi bahindi bahindi African Americans, ban daa bee Léopoldville linjimanima biɛhigu sheei Second World War. Baŋdiba kamani Isaac A. Kamola ŋun daa yina Trinity College ni Shiera S. el-Malik ŋun daa yina DePaul University daa yɛliya ni Congolese "jazz" yililiyiiniba yila dii bi ŋmani American jazz, ka buɣisiri di zaɣi maŋtali "din wuhiri shɛba kaya ni taɣa ka bi kali siyaasa niŋ jina ni" ka wuhri ʒema binyɛra din yi di ko ka Eurocentric taɣada. Ban kpaŋsi Congolese rumba dii bi zaŋ bɛ yaa baɣi "kaya ni taɣada ya'shɛli polo, adiini, bee laɣinsi" "Congolese rumba di yɛligi ka dahi luɣ'li kam.

### Schools of Congolese rumba

1950s sunsuuni, waliginsim daa kana yiliyiiniba deei shɛŋa sambani polo mini din pili Congolese rumba kali ni. Di zuɣu daa che ka shikuruti dibaa ayi pili jɛndi Congolese rumba:  African Jazz School mini OK Jazz School. Yuuni 1957, lala shikuruti ŋɔ daa niŋ kpaŋmaŋa pam yila ni, ka OK Jazz kpuɣi sitaaya din nyɛ *odemba*, ka di kumsi nyɛ din parinda ka din zooi din ni nyɛ  "*odemba* rhythm" din yina Mongo folklore din be Mbandaka zaŋ dolisi Congo River din daa ti leei "soukous music". Amaa, African Jazz School n daa yina ni "rumba-rock", din kumsi parinda, ni  jazz mini Afro-Cuban. Franco Luambo's OK Jazz ni daa ʒi yɛl'pali shɛli na yila ni n daa nyɛ *mi-solo* (din gbunni nyɛ "half solo") jitaaya ŋmɛra, ŋun ŋmɛri "arpeggio patterns" ka mali zaashee  "lead and rhythm guitars" ni. OK Jazz daa na gbubi la Congolese rumba sitaaya zaŋ hali ni yuuni 1959, bɛ ni daa ti pili Les Bantous de la Capitale , din daa nam shikuru din pahiri ata din daa mali di sitaayanima maa n tumdi tuma.

#### 1960s–1970s

1960 piligu, Congolese rumba daa nyɛla yila balishɛli din pili Central Africa, ka lahi yɛn mali nuu timbu ni West mini East Africa. Yili yiiniba shɛba ban dɛm Franco Luambo mini Grand Kalle's bands daa yina ni bɛ yiliyiiniba laɣinsi; Tabu Ley Rochereau mini Nico Kasanda daa kpa African Fiesta yuuni 1963. Kasanda's faction, nti pahi Charles Mwamba Déchaud, daa chaŋ tooni ti kpa yiliyiiniba laɣingu ka boli li Docteur Nico mini African Fiesta Sukisa, ka Rochereau mini Roger Izeidi mi kpa African Fiesta National. Shɛba gba, kamani Mujos mini Depuissant, daa yi n chaŋ ti pahi shɛba zuɣu. Ban daa pahi bɛ zuɣu n daa nyɛ Papa Wemba mini Sam Mangwana, n-ti "Afrika Mokili Mobimba" ka che ka di niŋ gbansabila "bands" din yuli du, ka di "loopy-riffing guitars", dala balishɛŋa mini "bass grooves" bɛ ni kpariti shɛli niŋdi ka tiri li binkumda maa, ni binyɛra pɛbbu yaɣili din yɛri di.maŋa kumsi yɛltɔɣa."

Di ni niŋ ka Congolese rumba mali nuu timbu ni "bands" kamani Lipua-Lipua, Veve, OK Jazz, n-ti pahi Bella Bella,  Congolese yiliyiini polli ŋun bɔri ni o che li ka piigi soukous binkumda din kumdi parindi taba sitaaya din yina OK Jazz School. Yuuni 1969, shikurubihi pam, ban toondana daa nyɛ Papa Wemba, Jossart N'Yoka Longo, ni Félix Manuaku Waku, daa nyɛla ban yina ni Zaïko Langa Langa, ka yina ni Congolese rumba shikuru din pahiri anahi. Clément daa yɛliya ni laɣingu maa yaa daa nyɛla 1970s, ka mali.nahingbaŋ gahinda kamani dala ŋmɛbu, snare drum usage, *sebene* (yila din labi ŋmɛ pɛribtaba), ni dɛma laɣingu din mali *atalaku* (yiliyiiniba ban mali asafihili), binkumda din gahim, di nyɛ di.ko, mini soukous "shocked" waa, ka di wri.ni.ningbuna dambu. Pepe Kalle,  "protégé of Grand Kallé", n daa pahi ka bɛ yina ni Empire Bakuba ni Papy Tex, ka di nya yuli Africa ni di "stripped-down", ni Franco mini Rochereau's binkumda din mali yaa.

#### Ndombolo

1980s bahigu ha Congolese rumba mini soukouss, ndombolo daa nyɛla waa din niŋ bayana ka wari ni girigiri, waa din wari sakpuɣa ni Africa. Di *sébéné* bee "heated part", ndombolo chanimi ni noli ni dɛma din nyɛ *atalakus* mini "swirling guitar riffs". Di mini Zaïko Langa Langa n daa pili li maa zaa yoli, 1990s ka Koffi Olomide mini Wenge Musica daa wuligi li n gili.

### 21st century
Anashaara goli December 2021, Congolese rumba daa pahi UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity ni.

## Musical examples
Shɛhira din doli ŋɔ na nyɛla Congolese rumba "Passi ya boloko", Franco (Luambo Makiadi) mini O.K. Jazz sani  (c. mid-1950s). Di piinimi ni "tresillo-based tumbao", son montuno balishɛli. Jitaaya ka bɛ mali ŋmɛri binkumda din pahi, jitaaya ni ŋmɛri shɛm Cuban son ni. *Garland Encyclopedia of World Music yɛliya*.

## Women in Congolese rumba

Di ni ka di kuli yɛligiri gindi Africa maa, di daa dii bi niŋ bayana ka paɣaba dɛmdi lala dɛma ŋɔ. 1930s, paɣaba kamani Nathalie mini Emma Louise daa nyɛla ban pili lala dɛma ŋɔ Kinshasa mini Brazzaville. Di ni niŋ ka bɛ pam yɛltɔɣa dii bi sabi sɔŋ maa, bani nyɛ yuli be Congolese binkumda ni. 1940s, yiliyiiniba kamani Gabrielle Maleka mini Anne Mbassou daa nyɛla ban niŋ kpaŋmaŋa ni Congolese rumba binkumda ni, Paul Kamba's Victoria Brazza yila laɣingu ni puuni shɛba. Zaŋ chaŋ 1950s, paɣaba ban yiini yila daa yina ni yaa ka bɛ yila jɛndi "amorous entanglements", gubu, ni biɛhigu ni walisa mini nasara. Martha Badibala, Tekele Mokango, Anne Ako, Ester Sudila, Léonine Mbongo, Joséphine Sambeya, Jeanne Ninin, n-ti pahi Caroline Mpia daa nyɛla ban kpaŋ bɛ maŋa yila ŋɔ ni lala saha maa. Marie Kitoto yuli daa duya kamani "Mbokamosika". Amaa, Lucie Eyenga daa waligi la o maŋa ni African Jazz ka di nyɛla o kukoli ka daa naan yi ti kpe Rock-a-Mambo mini African Jazz.

Lala taɣibu nima ŋɔ ni daa kani na yila ni, paɣaba daa pa be la yila duri ni ka mali zaashɛhi mini yila sabbu. Cameroonian yiliyiina Marcelle Ebibi, kamani shɛhira, daa yina ni niɣilim buɣim jitaaya kumsi din doli taba  zaŋ ti yila maa ni o yila "Mama é", chaperoned, o mam Guy Léon Fylla yilli mini Belgian jitaaya ŋmɛra Bill Alexandre. 1970s, Abeti Masikini mini o taba Les Tigresses daa nya bɔligu dɛma ni Olympia Hall din be Paris yuun 1973 ni Carnegie Hall din be New York yuuni June 1974, ka daa laɣim dɛm ni James Brown, Miriam Makeba, Tabu Ley Rochereau, ni Franco Luambo Anashaara goli October 1974, taarihi "Rumble in the Jungle" din be Kinshasa yoobu ni. Abeti yila din pahi buyi ni, *La voix du Zaire, l’idole de l’Afrique*, o ni daa yihi shɛli na yuuni 1975, ni yila din daa chaŋ viɛnyɛla kamqni "Likayabo", "Yamba Yamba", "Kiliki Bamba", "Naliku Penda", nti pahi "Ngoyaye Bella Bellow", daa duhi o yuli zuɣusaa, di bahi bahindi West Africa. O "band", Les Redoutables, daa nyɛla din kpaŋsi paɣaba mini dobba pam kamani M'bilia Bel, Lokua Kanza, n-ti tabili Tshala Muana.

Yuuni 1976  M'Pongo Love yilli yihibu na "Pas Possible Mati" nyɛla ŋun yuli yina Congolese rumba yiliyiini paɣaba puuni. In

Yuuni 1984, Tshala Muana daa yina ni yila pam—*Kami*, *Mbanda Matière*, n-ti pahi *M'Pokolo*—zaŋ ti Safari Ambiance sabbu. O yila maa mini o dɛma puuni,  "mutuashi rhythm" ka o daa duhi zuɣusaa, Luba kali waa din wari ni sakpuɣa ni dambu. O yuuni 1988 yili gaŋa "Karibu Yangu" nyɛla din daa chaŋ pam East Africa, ka di daa sɔŋ yihi paɣaba yiliyiini pala na kamani Faya Tess mini Barbara Kanam.

Lala n lahi nyɛli, Congolese rumba nyaaŋa, Asori yila din ŋmɛri ni lala binkumda ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla paɣaba ni yihi shɛli na. Yila laɣinsi kamani Les Makoma daa nyɛla ban niŋ kpaŋmaŋa ni paɣaba ban yiini "gospel" baŋsim lɛbu Democratic Republic of the Congo, bɛ shɛba n-nyɛ Deborah Lukalu, Sandra Mbuyi, mini Dena Mwana.

## Influence
### Colombian champeta

Africa yiliyiiniba yuli du la Colombia tum 1970s ka di mali nuu timbu ni kali yila kamani champeta. 1970s sunsuuni ha, shitima duhiriba daa ʒi yila yina Democratic Republic of the Congo mini Nigeria n chaŋ Colombia, n-ti pahi "plate" din dalinli nyɛ 45 RPM ka di yɛltɔɣa zuɣu nyɛ *El Mambote,* Congo's l'Orchestre Veve n daa ti li lala yuli ŋɔ, ka di daa nya yuli pam di ni daa niŋ ka   DJ Victor Conde ŋmɛ li. Yila yuya daa chami ka niriba baŋdi African yila din yan pa  DJ nima mini yili wumdiba. Niriba daa niŋ zaɣa nI yila maa, di bahi bahindi bomma ni nyamma ni ka yaa fɔŋ shɛŋa ni, Afro-Colombian tiŋ'si ni daa zooi shɛli, bɛ daa mali li mi n gɔhiri binkumdi kara ŋmɛri paati nima ni kamani Cartagena, Barranquilla, n-ti pahi Palenque de San Basilio.

Champeta yibu na nyɛla Congolese yiliyiiniba kamani Nicolas Kasanda wa Mikalay, Tabu Ley Rochereau, M'bilia Bel, Syran Mbenza, Lokassa Ya M'Bongo, Pépé Kallé, Rémy Sahlomon, n-ti pahi Kanda Bongo Man n daa labiri niɣindi binkumdi shɛŋa. Yiliyiiniba kamani Viviano Torres, Luis Towers, n-ti pahi Charles King, ban zaa yina Palenque de San Basilio, nyɛla ban pili bɛ zuɣu yila nima yihibu na, ka di nyɛ Congolese soukous tɛri puuni, Congolese rumba yaɣ'shɛli. Bɛ yiini la bɛ ya balli ni, Palenquero, "creole" din laɣim Spanish mini Bantu bala kamani Kikongo n-ti pahi Lingala.

Champeta kumsi gabirimi ni Congolese rumba, di bahi bahindi soukous sitaaya maa. Bɛ ni mali jitaaya mini "Casio brand synthesizer" n-tiri kumsi maa n-nyɛ din tiri champeta binkumda din yi di ko.

Super Bowl LIV halftime show din daa niŋ Anashaara goli 2 February 2020,  Hard Rock Stadium din be Miami Gardens, Florida, Shakira daa wa la "Icha", Congolese yiliyiina Syran Mbenza yilli, ka wa'wariba pam daa pahi o zuɣu. Bɛ booni la lala yilli maa "El Sebastián"  Colombia tiŋgbani ni. Shakira waa maa daa tahi #ChampetaChallenge na pɔhim zuɣu yaɣa pam ni.

### Ivorian coupé-décalé

Congolese rumba wa shɛli bɛ ni booni ndombolo nyɛla din kpaŋsi coupé-décalé waa binkumda pirim la di ni gabiri *atalaku la*. Tuuli "Congolese band" din niŋ ni *atalaku* n daa nyɛ Zaïko Langa Langa, 1980s polo. Bɛ mini "animators" ni daa laɣim ŋmɛ yil'shɛli puuni, kumsi labi ŋmɛ din nyɛ "Atalaku! Tala! Atalaku mama, Zekete" (Lihimi ma! Lihima! Lihimi ma, mma! Zekete!) nyɛla din nyɔɣi niriba suhu. Coupé-décalé ni yina, Congolese rumba na kuli nyɛla din ʒirili chana. Shɛhirili, "Sagacité" ni yina, Douk Saga tuuli yili shɛli niriba haŋkayq ni deei.  RFI bɔhisi bɔhibu ni, DJ Arafat,  Ivorian yiliyiina, daa nyɛla ŋun paɣi *atalaku*'s nuu timbu o yila puuni.

### French hip hop

Satellite television ni yina Africa 1990s piligu, ka "internet" niŋ bayana yuma din doli di nyaaŋa na, "French hip hop" nyɛla din gili "African francophone" daa ni. Di pili la United States, yila maa nyɛla Africa nima ban be France mini Europea tiŋgbana din pahi ni yu shɛli. 

Zaŋ chaŋ 1990s bahigu, Bisso Na Bisso,  French yɛliparim yiliyiiniba ban yina Republic of the Congo, daa zaŋ la "Congolese rumba rhythms" m-pahi French yɛliparim ni. Bɛ yila din daa laɣim taba,*Racines* daa chanimi ni American hip hop, Congolese rumba, soukous, n-ti pahi zouk rhythms, ka bɛ yili li ni Africa yiliyiiniba kamani Koffi Olomidé, Papa Wemba, Ismaël Lô, Lokua Kanza, ni Manu Dibango, n-ti pahi French-Caribbean zouk group Kassav'. Bɛ yila maa pam daa chanimi ni bɛ ni pili shɛm, amaa di daa yimi na Congolese rumba mini soukous ni. 2000s piligu ha, lingua franca zaŋ ti French yɛliparim yila daa. nyɛla Lingala, ka "resonant rumba guitar riffs" doli li. Mokobé Traoré,  Malian–French yɛliparim yiliyiina, daa zaŋ li m-pahi o yila ni, *Mon Afrique*, ka yiliyiiniba kaman Fally Ipupa tim o nuu soukouyilli ni "Malembe".  "Congolization" nyɛla din lahi ʒi "hip hop" na, ka ti yil'shɛŋa gba soli kamanjFrench R&B mini Adiini binkumda, ka di zaa nyɛ niriba zaɣa ni chani shɛli ni Europe mini francophone Africa. Yiliyiiniba ban yuli du n-nyɛ Youssoupha, Maître Gims, Dadju, Niska, Singuila, Damso, KeBlack, Naza, Zola, Kalash Criminel, Ninho, Kaysha, Franglish, Gradur, Shay, Bramsito, Baloji, Tiakola, n-ti pahi Ya Levis Dalwear—bɛ zaa nyɛla Congolese yiliyiiniba.

### East African music

Radio Congo Belge ni daa yina, ka di lahabaya wuligiri paari East, Central, ni West Africa, Congolese rumba daa nya wumdiba pam, ka East African yiliyiiniba zaŋ bɛ zaɣa niŋ din ni n kpahindi ka tɔɣisiri li. Zuliya yila karimba,  Alex Perullo ŋun daa yina Bryant University, Mobutu's Zairianization nyɛla ŋun che ka Congolese rumba nyɛ yuli Tanzania mini Kenya, ka ʒi yila mini kaseta nima yi Kinshasa n chaŋ East Africa dahi ni. "Congolese rumba bands", kamani Orchestra Maquis Original, daa pili la bɛ tuma Tanzania, n-ti tabili Mzee Makassy. Ŋun daa mali baŋsim n-ni tooi niŋ Congolese rumba Kiswahili ni, lala "bands" ŋɔ daa nyɛla din sɔŋsi yiliyiiniba kamani Simba Wanyika, Les Wanyika, Fundi Konde, Daudi Kabaka, n-ti pahi Fadhili William, ŋun laɣindi "Congolese rumba rhythms" mini East African bala mini kaya ni taɣada binyɛra Kenyan "bands", kamani TP Luna Kidi mini Limpopo International, kpuɣila Congolese rumba sitaaya bɛ yi yiini bɛ ya balli ni, Dholuo, gabiri la di mini Swahili. Amaa, yiliyiiniba shɛba yaa zaa kuli jɛndi laCongolese rumba sitaaya, ka yiini binshɛɣu kam Lingala, hali ka bɛ maŋmaŋa zuliya ti bi lahi yirina gba. Rumba yuli dubu East Africa, di bahi bahindi Kenya, chanimi ni yila nyaɣisim taɣibu, di niŋla ninkura ni wumdi yil'shɛŋa 

## Lihi pahi
* Music of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Musicians from the Democratic Republic of the Congo

## Kundivihira

## Bibliography
* 
* 

## External links
* 
* The Sound of Sunshine: How soukous saved my life