Celtic harp

**Celtic  harp** nyɛla "triangular frame" harp kali be Celtic nations zaŋ n-ti northwest Europe. Bɛ booni li la  Irish balli ni,  Scottish Gaelic balli ni,   Breton balli ni n-ti pahi Welsh balli ni. Ireland mini Scotland, di daa nyɛla "wire-strung instrument" din daa bori  baŋsim pam ni saha bɔhimbu pɔi ka nayi tooi ŋmɛ, ka daa nyɛ Gaelic ruling class nim ni niŋdi shɛli. Di nyɛla din be Irish laɣa kuriti zuɣu, Guinness, n-ti pahi "coat of arms" zaŋ n-ti Republic of Ireland, Montserrat, Canada and the United Kingdom.

## Piligu taarihi

Piligu taarihi zaŋ n-ti triangular frame harp in Europe nyɛla din mali kpaɣiribu. Tuuli niini nyɛla "harping tradition" be Gaelic dunia ka bɛ booni li . Bachi ŋɔ nyɛla bɛn daa tuui buɣisi shɛli ka di ŋmani Welsh crwth. Lahabali wuhiya ni bachi din booni  /  (ka yina  / , ) daa nyɛla liɣiri din kurigu zaŋ n-ti triangular frame harp din ka bɛ daa zaŋ zali  zaani ka lala liɣiri ŋɔ piligu nyɛ Scottish.

Binshɛli din ŋmani daɣu ka niriba pam yɛli ni di be la Iron Age lyre tum bɛn daa nya 300 BC  Isle of Skye, ka diyi nyɛ "bridge", din ŋuna din yɛn nyɛ western European stringed instrument din yugi ka na be ni (amaa Greek lyres shɛhira nim yuugi gari shɛli kam). Tuuli buɣisibu zaŋ n-ti European triangular framed harp, "harps" ni "fore pillar" nyɛla bɛn daa nya shɛli zolɔŋ ni 8th century Pictish stones. "Pictish harps" nyɛla din daa yina wahu kubiri. Lala nima ŋɔ daa yɛligi south hali ni Anglo Saxons ka "west" hali ni Gaels zaŋ n-ti Highlands mini Ireland.  "Triangular chordophone instrument" nim pinaata nyɛ din daa be ni pɔi ni 11th-century Europe ka di puuni pinaayi nyɛ din yina Scotland.

Kundivihira wuhiya ni Irish "stringed instruments" nyɛla din yina 6th century, ka ban daa ŋmɛri daa mali jilima pam lala saha maa. Tuuli Irish law din yina 700 AD nyɛla din wuhi ni bards mini 'cruit' ŋmɛriba tu ni bɛ mali jilima ʒishee ka che ban wara. Binshɛli din gba daa be lala saha ŋɔ nyɛ tiompán, din ŋmani lyre. Lahabaya be ni wuhiri "stringed instruments" din be Ireland, amaa di ka kundi shɛli din buɣisiri din be shɛm bee waligimsim shɛli din be cruit mini tiompán sunsuun.

"Quadrangular instrument" nim ayi koŋko nyɛ din niŋ Irish zaŋ n-ti Scotland ka lala dibaa ayi ŋɔ zaa nyɛ din niŋ yuun kɔb'shi (200) nyaaŋa pɔi ni Pictish carvings. Lahabali shɛli nyɛla din wuhi ni Pictish stone carvings nyɛla bɛn yaai shɛli Utrecht Psalter. Utrecht Psalter nyɛla bɛn daa niŋ shɛli yuuni 816 mini yuuni 835 AD sunsuun. Din pahira, Pictish Triangular Chordophone carvings nyɛla din piligi Nigg Stone bin din gbaai yuuni 790 hali ni yuuni 799 AD. 

Norman-Welsh cleric mini baŋda Gerald of Wales (c.1146 – c.1223), ban *Topographica Hibernica et Expugnatio Hibernica* buɣisiri Ireland bin din gbaai Anglo-Norman hali ni Irish harp yila:
 

Gerald, ŋun suhu bɛ gbaai Gaelic Irish nyɛla ŋun gabi o maŋ ka saɣi n-ti ni lala yila ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi Ireland. Gerald nyɛla ŋun buɣisi *[[cythara]]* mini *tympanum*, amaa ka o ni.buɣisi li shɛm maa ka dihitabili ka di wuhiri ni o na ʒin chaŋ Scotland.

## Bibliography

* Armstrong, Robert Bruce (1904). *The Irish and The Highland Harps*. Edinburgh: David Douglas.
* Bannerman, John (1991). "The Clàrsach and the Clàrsair". *Scottish Studies*, vol.&nbsp;30 no.&nbsp;3.
* Budgey, Andrea (2002). "Musical relations between Scotland and Ireland" [in] McDonald, R. Andrew, [ed.] *Literature and Music in Scotland: 700–1560*. University of Toronto Press, ; .
* Caldwell, D.H., [ed.] (1982). *Angels, Nobles and Unicorns: Art and Patronage in Medieval Scotland*. Edinburgh: NMS.
* Cathcart, Cynthia (Summer 2009). "Silver report: Precious metal strings on the wire-strung harp". *Folk Harp Journal*, no. 143, pp.&nbsp;34–43. available via wirestrungharp.com &nbsp;.
* Chadwick, Simon (November 2008). "The Early Irish Harp". *Early Music*, vol.&nbsp;36, no.&nbsp;4, pp.&nbsp;521–532.
* Collinson, Francis (1983)[1966]. *The Bagpipe, Fiddle and Harp*. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966; reprinted by Lang Syne Publishers Ltd., , .
* Dimock, James F., [ed.] (1867). *Giraldi Cambrensis opera: Giraldi Cambrensis Topographica Hibernica et Expugnatio Hibernica*. London, UK: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer.
* Farmer, Henry George (1947). *A History of Music in Scotland*, p.&nbsp;280. London, UK.
* Heymann, Ann & Heymann, Charlie (Fall 1991). "Cláirseach: The Lore of the Irish Harp". *Éire-Ireland*, vol.&nbsp;26, no.&nbsp;3.
* Heymann, Ann & Heymann, Charlie (Summer 2003). "Strings of Gold". *The Historical Harp Society Journal*, vol.&nbsp;13, no.&nbsp;3, pp.&nbsp;9–15. available via annheymann.com &nbsp;.
* Lanier, Sara C. (1999). "'It is new-strung and shan't be heard': Nationalism and Memory in the Irish Harp Tradition". *British Journal of Ethnomusicology*, vol.&nbsp;8.
* Lawlor, Helen (2012). *Irish Harping, 1900–2010*. Dublin: Four Courts Press, .
* Le Govic, Tristan (2015). *The Breton Harp Anthology (Antologiezh Telenn Breizh)* Vol. II
* Newton, Michael & Cheape, Hugh (n.d.) "The Keening of Women and the Roar of the Pipe: From Clársach to Bagpipe, ca.&nbsp;1600–1782". available via academia.edu &nbsp;.
* Ó Brógáin, Séamas (1998). *The Irish Harp Emblem*. Dublin, IE: Wolfhound Press, .
* O'Donnell, Mary Louise (2014). *Ireland's Harp: The Shaping of Irish Identity c.1770–1880*. Dublin, IE: University College Dublin Press, .
* Rensch, Roslyn (1989). *Harps and Harpists*, pp.&nbsp;125–127. Indiana University Press.
* Rimmer, Joan (1964). "The Morphology of the Irish Harp". *The Galpin Society Journal*, no.&nbsp;17.
* Rimmer, Joan (1984)[1969] *The Irish Harp: Cláirseach na hÉireann*, 3rd ed.  The Mercier Press,  [1st&nbsp;ed. 1969; 2nd&nbsp;ed. 1977].
* Sanger, Keith & Kinnaird, Alison (1992). *Tree of Strings – Crann nan Teud*. Kinmor Music, .
* Watson, J. Carmichael, [ed.] (1934). *Gaelic Songs of Mary MacLeod*. Blackie & Son. available via archive.org&nbsp;.
* Yeats, Gráinne (1980). *Féile na gCruitirí, Béal Feirste* [The Belfast Harpers' Festival] 1972. Gael Linn, .

## Kundivihira

## External links

*Historical Harp Society of Ireland
*An Chúirt Chruitireachta, International traditional harp course held annually in Termonfeckin Co. Louth, Ireland 
*The Clarsach Society/Comunn na Clarsaich, resource centre for the Scottish harp
*Edinburgh International Harp Festival
*List of surviving early Gaelic harps
*Historic wire-strung harps and harpers listed and described on wirestrungharp.com
*Gaelic Modes Web articles on Gaelic harp harmony and modes
*Treasures of early Irish art, 1500 B.C. to 1500 A.D., an exhibition catalogue from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Clàrsach (cat. no. 68)
*Asni: harp lore – descriptions of several types of historical European harps (with sound samples)
*The Celtic Harp Page – information on Celtic and other types of harps
*My Harp's Delight – learning to play the Celtic harp, tips and techniques, buying a harp
*Teifi Harps – Celtic & Folk Harps in Wales
*"Tears, Laughter, Magic" – An Interview with Master Celtic Harp Builder Timothy Habinski on AdventuresInMusic.biz, 2007
*Celtic Harp Amplification Series – using microphones and guitar amplifiers with folk harps
*Markwood Strings – Information on installing harp strings, harp string installation guide
*http://www.earlygaelicharp.info/ Early Gaelic Harp site by Simon Chadwick