Kahimpiɛɣu

**Kahimpiɛɣu**nyɛla binneeŋa ŋun mali kpuŋkpama ka nyɛ ŋun yina lepidopteran suborder **Rhopalocera**, O nahingbaŋ nyɛla kpiŋkpaŋ shɛli din nyɛ din bara, ka mali kɔma ka o tooi kpabiri li di yi ti niŋ ka o vuhira bee o yi ti bori neesim. Di lala yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛ superfamilies Hedyloidea (moth-butterflies ban be Americas) mini Papilionoidea ban be luɣili kam. Kahimpiɛɣu kura nyɛla ban pilli nyɛ  Paleocene, kamani  56 million yuma din gari maa amaa bɛ shɛba nyɛ ban daa pilli Late Cretaceous, kamani 101 million yuma din gari.

Kahimpiɛri nyɛla ban mali "four-stage life cycle" kamani holometabolous binneema ban pahi gba ni nyɛ complete metamorphosis. Kahimpiɛri kura nyɛla ban nyari gala niŋdi bindirigu din nyɛ bimbilli ni ka bɛ larvae, ti ni mi shɛba  caterpillars nyɛ ban yɛn di. Nyeeli ŋɔ nyɛla ŋun yɛn zaŋ saha bela zooi lɛbigi pupate din be chrysalis. Di yi ti niŋ ka  metamorphosis ŋɔ naai, o zaɣ,bila ŋɔ nyɛla ŋun yɛn wɔrigi o maŋmaŋ yina, bineenbila karili ŋɔ nyɛla ŋun yɛn yiɣi yina n-ti yɛrigi o kpunkpama ka di kuui pɔi ka o yiɣi.

Kahimpiɛri shɛŋa, di bahi bahindi ba bɛ tropics ni malila generetion bɔbigu yuuni puli ni, ka shɛŋa mii kuli malila generetion gaŋ' yuuni puli ni, ka lahi mali biɛla luɣ'shɛŋa din maha, ka ni tooi di yuun' bobgu n yi Bɛ life cycle ni.

## Paleontology

Piligu Lepidoptera fossils n-daa nyɛTriassic-Jurassic tiŋgbanitariga kamani yuma miliyɔŋ kɔbishii din gari maa. Kahimpiɛri nyɛla ban yina naɣininpɔbirigu ni dizuɣu ka kahimpiɛri ŋɔ nyɛ monophyletic (di da na tuumi nyɛ clade). Kahimpiɛɣu kurili nyɛ *[[Protocoeliades|Protocoeliades kristenseni]]* ka di nyɛ din yina Palaeocene aged Fur Formation zaŋ n-ti Denmark, kamani yuma miliyɔŋ pihinu ni anu din gari maa ka bɛ nyɛ ban be daŋ yuli booni Hesperiidae (skippers). Molecular clock nyɛla ban yɛlli ni kahimpiɛri nyɛla ban daa piligi Late Cretaceous amaa ka daa leei niŋ bayana Cenozoic saha, vihigu zaɣ'yini gba nyɛla din wuhi ni North American nyɛ lala kahimpiɛri ŋɔ yaɣili ŋɔ ni daa piligi shɛli . American kahimpiɛɣu kurili nyɛ Late Eocene *[[Prodryas|Prodryas persephone]]* ka bɛ yina Florissant Fossil Beds, kamani yuma miliyɔŋ pihita ni anahi din gari maa.


File:Prodryas.png|*[[Prodryas|Prodryas persephone]]*, a Late Eocene butterfly from the Florissant Fossil Beds, 1887 engraving
File:PZSL1889Plate31 Fossil Papilionid Butterfly Lithopsyche antiqua from Early Oligocene Bembridge Marls.png|*[[Lithopsyche antiqua]]*, an Early Oligocene butterfly from the Bembridge Marls, Isle of Wight, 1889 engraving

## Etymology

*[[Oxford English Dictionary]]* nyɛla din nya bachi ŋɔ Old English *butorflēoge*, butter-fly; di ŋmali yuya nima nyɛla din be Old Dutch mini Old High German ka di wuhiri ni lala yuli ŋɔ nyɛla "ancient" amaa saha ŋɔ  Dutch mini German yunsiri la bachi koŋkoba  ( mini ) ka di yuli ŋɔ gba nyɛ yu koŋkoba balla ni amaa ka leei ŋmani taba. Yuli ŋɔ yibu shee na nyɛla "bright yellow male of the brimstone"  (*[[Gonepteryx rhamni]]*); di ni lahi be shɛli ni nyɛla ni kahimpiɛri nyɛla ban daa be kpiŋkpama ni be meadows saha shɛli mɔri ni daa zoora.

## Taxonomy and phylogeny

Tabibi nima nyɛla ban laɣim kahimpiɛri niŋ macrolepidopteran suborder clade Rhopalocera ka bɛ yina order Lepidoptera, ka bɛ ni nyɛ moths. Kali soli zuɣu, kahimpiɛri nyɛla bɛ ni pirigi shɛba niŋ superfamily Papilionoidea gbaai yihi kahimpiɛri bihi zaŋ n-ti Hesperiidae (skippers) ni ban ŋmani naɣininpɔbirigu Hedylidae zaŋ n-ti America. Phylogenetic vihigu nyɛla din wuhi ni kali soli zuɣu Papilionoidea nyɛla paraphyletic ka di lu zahim pubu dibaa ayi la, lala zuɣu bɛ zaŋmi di zaa pahi Papilionoidea ka leei kahimpiɛɣu pubu zaɣ'yini, di nyɛla din yɛn niŋ yim ni clade **Rhopalocera**.

## Biology
### General description

Kahimpiɛɣu kurili nyɛla ŋun nahingbaŋ nyɛ kpunkpama pɔɣiri dibaa anahi laɣim taba ka tiri Lepidoptera bɛ yuli (Ancient Greek λεπίς lepís, scale + πτερόν pterón, kpiŋkpaŋ). Lala pɔɣiri ŋɔ nyɛla din tiri kahimpiɛɣu kpunkpama kama: bɛ shɛba nyɛla melanins ka dizuɣu che ka bɛ mali sabinli mini zaɣ'taŋkpaɣu kama, shɛba nyɛla uric acid mini flavones ka dizuɣu che ka bɛ mali dɔzim kama amaa ka bɛ ni shɛba nyɛ ban mali nuɣiso, vakahili n-ti pahi ʒee kama ka bɛ shɛba mi nyɛ iridescent colours ban nama yina  structural coloration ka yaati pɔɣiri maa mini kɔbiri.

Kamani binneenbila kam, o niŋgbana maa nyɛla din pirigi ʒibuta: zuɣu, thorax n-ti pahi abdomen. "Thorax" ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi ʒibuta ka di zaɣ'yini kam nyɛ din mali naba. Daŋsi ni pam zaŋ n-ti kahimpiɛɣu o din wumda laɣim kamani moths di ni wali taba be kamani mia la bee kɔbiri.

Kahimpiɛri pam nyɛla ban mali yaa pam yuŋ , bɛ mali la kama din viɛla ka wuɣiri bɛ kpunkpama yaɣiri bɛ niŋgbana zuɣu di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ vuhira, kɔtomsi naɣininpɔbirigu yi yiɣi o kpunkpama nyɛla din tabi o niŋgbana. Naɣininpɔbirigu shɛba ban mali yaa wuntaŋ ni nyɛ  hummingbird hawk-moth, nyɛla ban ka lala biɛhigu ŋɔ.


File:Heliconius mimicry.png|*[[Heliconius]]* warns off predators with Müllerian mimicry.
File:Papilio cresphontes larva defensive.JPG|Giant swallowtail caterpillar everting its osmeterium in defence; it is also mimetic, resembling a bird dropping.
File:Bird-damaged Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria.JPG|Eyespots of speckled wood (*Pararge aegeria*) distract predators from attacking the head. This insect can still fly with a damaged left hindwing.


## In culture
### In art and literature

Kahimpiɛri nyɛla ban daa pun be ni yuun’ tusaata ni kɔbisinu din gari la ancient Egypt. Mɔɣu gɔbu puuni, kahimpiɛri daa nyɛla binshɛŋa ban wuhiri nyɛvuli benibu, yolisim n-ti pahi yaa ka che bingbaarisi, bɛ niŋsim shɛŋa gba daa nyɛla din wuhiri kpibu mini  ma'at gbubu. Bɛ niŋsim shɛŋa gba nyɛla din daa wuhiri labi dɔɣi bee gubu. Kahimpiɛri shɛba kamani tiger butterfly nyɛla ban ni tooi tabi "solar deities" di gbaai bahindi Ra. Jaŋgbuni kahimpiɛɣu gba nyɛla ŋun ŋmani ankh, pirinla di niŋgbun’sabinli tali. Kahimpiɛri gba nyɛla ban wuhiri ni yi kpi o ni be hali shɛli ni.

B

## Kundivihira

## Further reading
* 

## External links

* Papilionoidea on the Tree of Life  
* Butterfly species and observations on iNaturalist
* 
* Rhopalocera at insectoid.info

### Regional lists
* North America
* Africa: Ghana  
* Asia: Singapore Israel  Indo-China Sulawesi (Southeastern Sulawesi) Turkey
* 

## Kundivihira