Ancient City of Damascus

**Ancient City of Damascus**  (Arabic: دِمَشْق ٱلْقَدِيمَة, romanized: Dimašq al-Qadīmah) nyɛla Damascus taarihi tiŋ sunsuni din be Syria.Tiŋ kurili ŋo din nyɛ tiŋ shɛŋa niribi ni daa kuli ʒiya saha waɣila puuni zaɣiyini, di malila mɛbu mɛbu, ka lahi mali taarihi asori duri ni jiŋa. Kaya pam nyɛla ban che dalinli tiŋ  maa ni  di bahi bahindi Hellenistic, Roman, Byzanthine ni musulinsi. Yuuni 1979 ni, tiŋ maa taarihi shee daa nyɛla goma din daa me Roman saha ni gili shɛli daa nyɛla UNESCO nim ni boli shɛli World Heritage Site. Silimin goli June yuuni 2013, UNESCO daa zaŋ Syria mɛbu mɛbu  pahi World Heritage din be muɣisiɣu ni ka daa yɛli dini ʒiya shɛm maa ka di nyɛla Syria tobu Sababu.

## Tiŋ ŋɔ Pilli Ni Din Yi Shɛli Na/ Origins and Founding

Di doya Barada kuliɣi Nuzaa, tiŋa kurili din kpa yuun Kuribunaha (3rd Millennium B.C). Di yalim yiɣsi ka mani 1.5m(0.9mi), Ka di mi li ( Damascus straight street ), ka di waɣilim mi nyɛ ka mani 1km(0.6mi).

Di malila kamani 86.12 hectares( 212.8acre nima; 0.86km2), tiŋ kurili daa nyɛla taarihi gooni din nyɛ 4.5km ni gili shɛli, ka ayi lihi Romanima n-daa mɛli ka Ayyubids ni Mamluks nima kpaŋsili.

Damascus tuuli bolibu daa nyɛla " Ta-ms-qu" millenium din pahi ayini BC, di daa bɛla Amorite yaɣi shɛlidin be zaba zaba sunsuni Hittities mini Egyptians sunsuni. Tiŋ maa daa nyɛla din dee tributary hali ka Sea niribi daa ti yina 1200BC ban daa do n di bi nyintahi.Lala ŋo zuɣu, Semitic Arameans daa nyɛla ban mo n niŋ maŋsulinsi tiŋ Aram- Damascus ni ( 11th century hali zaŋ ni 733BC), ka daa bɔli tiŋ'zuɣu maa "Dimashqu" bee "Darmeseq"

## Historical timeline
Tum di taarihi ni, Ancient City of Damacus nyɛla din pahi tinsi ŋo zuɣu: 

## Main sights
Damascus mali taarihi shɛhi.Dini daa niŋ ka di zaŋ tuma pam mɛ tiŋ maa, di ku too lahi niŋ ka bi daagi tiŋmaa saɣili din du n paagi 2.4m n gari pumpoŋo na dini. Damascus citadel nyɛla din be tiŋ kurili maa nuzaawulinluhili zuɣu. Damascus Straight Street (dini booni shɛli St.Paul Acts 9:11 ni),ka bi lahi mili Via Recta, daa nyɛla decumanus ( wulinpuhili zaŋ chaŋ wulinluhili) Romaan Damascus, ka daa yɛligi n gari 1,500m . Zuŋo, di malila, Bab Sharqi palli ni Souk Medhat Pasha, da  shɛli  dini pobi. Bab Shatqi palli maa nyɛla din mali shito bihi ka zaŋ hali ni saha kurili Christian quata din nyɛ Bab Tuma dini ( St.Thomas's Gate). Medhat Pasha Souq lahi nyɛla da zuɣu din be Damascus ka bi daa Zaŋ Midhat Pasha, ŋun daa nyɛ Ottoman zuɣulana din be.Syria. ka daa labi mali Souk yuli tili. Bab Sharqi palli ŋo bahigu, niri yen paala House of Ananias, din nyɛ tingbani gbinni dolodolo duu ka daa nyɛ Ananias yiŋ zuɣu.Ummayyad jiŋli dini lahi mi shɛli Grand Mosque of Damascus, nyɛla jiŋ karili zaɣ'yini duniya yaangizuɣu ka lahi nyɛ luɣi shɛli din nyɛ zaɣ'kurili ka jɛma daa jɛmdi dini hali na ni zuɣu musulunsi ni daa pili.Buɣili din be jiŋli maa ni,nyɛla St. John the Baptist ningbina ni be shɛli ni. Siligi shɛli ni dini daa soɣi Saladin nyɛla din be jiŋli maa sambanni.Sayyiddah RuqayyaMosque, jiŋli din nyɛ Husayn ibn Ali bipuɣinbili dini, nyɛla din be Ummayyad  Jiŋli gbini. Amara tiŋ kurili maa gba nyɛla din kuli nyɛ chendi waɣilim zaŋ chaŋ lala luɣa ŋo. Luɣi shɛli niribi ni lahi zoogi ka bi chani n- nyɛ Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque, luɣi shɛli Zaynab bint Ali gballi ni be.

## Souqs ni  Khans

Al- Hamidiyah Souq, daa nyɛla dini mɛ shɛli yuuni 1780 hali ni yuuni 1884 Sultan Abdul Hamid I,sulinsi ni, dini n daa nyɛ Syria souk din galisi ka lahi nyɛ di zuɣu, di daa bɛla Damascus tiŋ kurili dini daa mɛ goonigili ka di mini Citadel baɣi taba.Souq nyɛla kamani 600 meters waɣilim ni 15 meters yɛliŋ, ka di nyɛ kurigu din nyɛ 10 meter waɣilim ni pobi shɛli.

Midhat Pasha Souq, dini zaŋ Ottoman toondana Syria yuli ti ( ka daa ti lahi zaŋ Grand Vizier) Midhat Pasha.

* *Al-Buzuriyah Souq*, 152 m (499 ft) waɣilim
* *Khan al-Harir*,  dini naa shɛli yuuni 1574.
* *Khan Jaqmaq*, dini naa shɛli yuuni 1420.
* Khan As'ad Pasha, dini daa naa shɛli yuuni 1752, ka dee polo 2,500 square metres(27,000 sq ft.). Di bɛla Al- Buzuriyah Souq palli zuɣu, ka di nyɛ di ni daa mɛ shɛli ka zaŋ As'ad Pasha al- Azm yuli tili.
* Khan Sulayman Pasha, daa nyala dini naagi shɛli yuuni 1736, ka zaŋ Sulayman Pasha al- Azm yuli tili

## Taarihi mebumebu

* Temple of Jupiter, Romanima ni mɛ shɛli, tuuli, Auguatus sulinsi ni ka daa nyɛ binshɛli  din naagi Canstantius II sulinsi ni, tuuli jɛma shee daa nyɛla dini zaŋshɛli tiHadad-Raman, ŋun daa nyɛ saa ni satahili naawuni bila.
* Damascus Straight Street ( Latin:Recta ni),  Roman palli ( Decumanus Maximus) dini yiri wulinpuhili kuni wulinluhili tiŋ kurili maa ni, ka di waɣilim nyɛ 1,500 metres.
* Citadel of Damascus,  Turkman tobu tuhira, Atsuz ibn Uvaq, niAl-Adil I ni mɛ shɛli ( 1076-1078) ni ( 1203-1216) .
* Nur al-Din Bimaristan, din nyɛ medieval baristan zaɣi karili ( ashibiti), dini daa mɛ shɛli yuuni 1154 ka zaŋ Zengid Sultan Nur ad- Din yuli tili.
* Mausoleum of Saladin, dini daa mɛ shɛli yuuni 1196 ni, luɣi shɛli dini daa soɣi Muslim Ayyubid Sultan Saldin.
* Azm Palace, dini daa mɛ shɛli yuuni 1750 ka di nyɛ Ottoman toondana Damascus As'ad Pasha al- Azm vuhibu shee ni o yiŋa.
* Maktab Anbar, ŋun daa nyɛ Jewish mansion 19th century sunsuni, Ministry of Culture yuuni 1976 ni daa niŋ shɛli ni di nyɛ kundunima kpanjoɣu, zaŋ wuhi salo shee, ni bombu shee.
* Beit al-Mamloula, din daa nyɛ 17th century Damascene yili, ka daa  nyɛ nɛma kohibu shee tiŋ kurili maa ni tum yuuni 2005.

## Karimzɔndi

* *Al-Adiliyah Madrasa*, 13th-century ni madrasah.
* *Al-Fathiyah Madrasa*, Ottoman niri ŋun yuli daa booni Fethi Al- Defterdar ni daa mɛ shɛli yuuni  1743.
* *Al-Mujahidiyah Madrasa*, Burid toondana Mujahid al-Din bin Bazan bin Yammin al-Kurdu ni daa mɛ shɛli yuuni 1141.
* *Al-Qilijiyah Madrasa*, dini daa mɛ shɛli yuuni 1254.
* *Al-Salimiyah Madrasa*,16th century karinzoŋ.
* *Al-Sibaiyah Madrasa*, dini daa mɛ shɛli yuuni 1515. 
* *Al-Zahiriyah Library*, dini daa mɛ shɛli yuuni 1277, ka di daa zaŋ ŋun mɛli Sultan Baibars yuli tili.
* *Nur al-Din Madrasa*, Nūr ad-Dīn Zangī ni daa mɛ shɛli yuuni 1167.

## Jɛma

### Jiŋa

* *[[Sayyidah Ruqayya Mosque|Sayyidah Ruqayya Jiŋli]]*  maa puuni malila Sukayna hint Husayn gballi, dini lahi mi so Ruqayyah, Al- Husayn ibn Ali kaluɣi.
* Sulayman Takiyya, din wulinluhili mali jiŋli ni imaret, daa nyɛla Suleiman the Magnificent ni yoogi shɛli ka di nyɛ dini daa mɛ shɛli yuuni 1554 ni 1559 sunsuni, Mimar Sinan ndaa bomli niŋ gbaŋ ni poi ka di naanyi mɛ; Salimiyya madrasa daa nyɛla dini mɛ shɛlu tuɣili yuuni 1566 ( dini zaŋ Suleiman biya Selim II yuli tili ka Suleiman maŋmaŋ daa nyɛ ŋun yooli poi ka daa naan yi kpi).
* *[[Umayyad Mosque]]*,  jiŋ shɛli dini mɛ Temple of Jupiter ni dolodolo basilica dini daa zaŋ shɛli ti John the Baptust ( Yahya)  ni be luɣi shɛli.

* *[[Nabi Habeel Mosque|Nabi Habeel Jiŋli]]*
* *[[Sinan Pasha Mosque (Damascus)|Sinan Pasha Mosque]]*
* *[[Darwish Pasha Mosque]]*
* *[[Aqsab Mosque]]*
* *[[Yalbugha Mosque]]*
* *[[Hanabila Mosque]]*
* *[[Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque]]*

#### Asori duri

* House of Saint Ananias, saha kurili du shɛli dini daa mɛ tingbani gbinni  Damascus, Syria ka di nyɛ bini yɛli ni shɛli nyɛla din daa nyɛ Ananias ŋun yi Damascus na yiŋa, ka nimaanilahi nyɛ Ananias ni daa su Saul kom ( ŋun daa leegi Paul the Apostle). 
* Cathedral of Dormition of Our Lady, liɣ shɛli dini lahi booni " Greek-Melkite Patriachal Cathedral of the Dormition of Our Lady", din nyɛ Catholic asori duu, Melkite Greek Church.
* Mariamite Cathedral of Damascus, luɣj shɛli Greek Orthodox Church din be Antonioch ni daa ʒiya. Dini daa niŋ ka musulinnima ŋme n deegi Damascus asori duu maa daa nyɛla dini kpari shɛli hali ni 706 AD,al-Walid ni daa ti yɛli ni di labisili n ti dolodolo nima ka di zani binidaa deegi John the Baptist Church leegi Umayyad jiŋli.
* Chapel of Saint Paul
* Cathedral of Saint George
* Syriac Catholic Cathedral of Saint Paul

## Dunoya
The old part of the city is surrounded with 4.5-kilometre-long (2.8-mile) thick walls, pierced by the seven historical gates, the eighth gate was added later by Muslims. These are, clockwise from the north-east side:
* Bab Tuma (Gate of Thomas), dedicated to Venus.
* Bab Sharqi (The Eastern Gate), dedicated to the Sun.
* Bab Kisan (Kisan Gate), dedicated to Saturn.
* Bab al-Saghir (also called "Goristan-e-Ghariban"), dedicated to Jupiter.
* Bab al-Jabiyah (Gate of the Water Trough), dedicated to Mars.
* Bab al-Faradis (The Gate of the Paradise), dedicated to Mercury.
* Bab al-Salam (The Gate of Peace), dedicated to the Moon.
* Bab al-Faraj (The Gate of Deliverance), a gate which was built completely after the Muslim conquest of the Levant.

## Hammams
Luɣu shɛŋa dini suru kom ( hammãms) Damascus ni daa nyɛla din pili Umayyad saha, amaa taarihi baŋdibi shɛba nyɛla ban yɛli nididaa pili ya Roman saha.

Damascus kosuri shee ŋo daa kulu nyɛla Damascus taarihi baŋdii ni boli shɛli, kamani Ibn Asakir ( 1106-1175AD) o kundu gahindili la ni " Damascus Taaarihi". O kunduŋo ni, Ibn Asakir daa bolila kom subu shee din kalinli daa nyɛ pisopoin ni apoin din nyɛ din zaa daa kuli tumdi saha yini tiŋ maa ni. Taarihi baŋda Ibm Shaddad daa nyɛla ŋun kali kom subu shɛhi ka dikalinli nyɛ 114 din be Damascus yuuni 1250 AD.

Lala kom subu shɛhi ŋo kalinli daa nyɛla din du n chaŋ 365 Ottoman saha, ka daa nyɛ din kalinli kuli boogi pam nti nyɛ pihiyobu 19th century AD bahigu. Zuŋo kom subu shɛhi din tumdi kalinli dii bi paagi pishi, ka din gahim yi di puuni nyɛ " Nour al-Din al-Shahid" kom subu shee din be Al-Buzuriyah Souq.

## Districts and subdivisions

* Al-Qaymariyya
* Al-Amarah Al-Jouwaniyah
* Al-Amin
** Jewish quarter
* Bab Tuma
** Al-Jourah
* Al-Hariqa
* Ma'azanat ash-Shahm
* Shaghour al-Juwani

## Preservation of the ancient city

**Threats to the future of the old City**

Dini daa kuli niŋ ka niribi kalinli boogi Damascus tiŋ kiri maa ni ( yuuni 1995 ni 2009 sunsuni niribi kamani30,000 daa nyɛla ban yi tiŋ kurili maa ni n chaŋ ni bi ti be foŋ ni), mɛbu mɛbu daa kuli nyɛla dini kuli che shɛli zaana. Silimin goli March yuuni 2007 ni, gomnanti daa nyɛla ŋun ti lahibali ni di nyɛla ŋunyɛn wurim tiŋ kurilimaa mɛbu mɛbu maa ka di nɛla lɛbigimsim soli.

Lala ŋo daa chemi da tiŋ kutili maa nyɛ dini daa zaŋ shɛli niŋ World Monuments Fund di yuuni 2008 Watch List din daa mali 100 Most Endangered Sites duniya yaangi zuɣu.Di mali tahima ni di ni niŋ ka di zaŋli pahi kalinli ŋo ni yɛn nyɛla bimshɛli din yɛn vo niribi hankali n chaŋ lala barina nimŋo zaŋ tiri tiŋ kurili maa dahinshɛli.
**Current state of old Damascus**

Di bahi bahindi UNESCO nim daa kuli zaŋ bi hankali n ti lala World Heritage Center ŋo:

* Souq al-Atiq, luɣi shɛli dini guli daa nyɛla din daa saɣim dabaata nyaaŋa silimin goli November yuuni 2006.
* King Faysal Palli, luɣi shɛli dini daa kuli mɛ ka di nyɛ dini lihiri shɛli zuɣu din daa miri Damascus tiŋ kurili, Citadel ni Bab Touma sunsuni nyɛla pali shɛli dini yɛli ni di yɛn mɛ, ka di zuɣu che ka bi bori ni bi daa li luhi.
* Yuuni 2007 ni, Damascus tiŋ kurili maa ni Bab tuma districg daa nyɛla World Monument Fund ni daa kuli lihi shɛli ka di nyɛ duniya yaangi zuɣu nɛma tiɛri zaɣ'yini din kuli be barina ni.

Silimin goli October yuuni 2010, Global Heritage Fund daa nyɛla ban boli Damascus ka du nyɛ nɛma tiɛri zaɣ'yini din be pinaayi shɛli din kuli che bɛla ni di saɣim saɣindi maŋli ka niŋdili ka dini.

Tiŋ kurili din be Roman saha dikpina nyaaŋa, gba nyɛla dini zaŋ shɛli pahi Damascus tiŋ  kurili ni, to amaa bi bi tili zaɣa pam taarihi ni. French nim saha, Michel Ècochard,French ŋun mɛra, daa nyɛla ŋun zahim foŋ ni mɛbʋ zaŋti tiŋ maa, ka daa lahi saɣisi ba ni bi che tiŋ kurili maa yaɣi shɛli din be Roman dikpina maa puuni.Lala ŋo daa nyɛla Syria gomnanti ni daa kpuɣi shɛli, ka daa tahi tiŋ kurili maa yaɣi shɛŋa wurimbu na.Yi kura din daa be Sarouja, Al Midan, niShagour Baranni daa nyɛla dini wurim ka mɛ ka mali li niŋdi daabilim.

## Lihi pahi

*Tourism in Syria
*Timeline of Damascus history
*List of rulers of Damascus
*World Heritage Sites in Danger

## Kundivihira

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* ^ ***a*** ***b*** ***c*** ***d*** سوق الحميدية - اكتشف سورية
* **^** Al-Hamidiyah Souk, main Damascus shopping centre - The Arab Weekly
* **^** Burns, 2005, p. 61.
* **^** Finegan, 1981, pp. 58–60.
* **^** Archnet, Maktab Anbar Restoration
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## Kundi shɛŋa baŋdiba ni vihi/ Bibliography
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