Lee "Scratch" Perry

Roedd **Lee “Scratch” Perry** (ganwyd Rainford Hugh Perry; 28 Mawrth 1936 &ndash; 29 Awst 2021) yn gynhyrchydd, cyfansoddwr caneuon, canwr a DJ o Jamaica. Roedd yn enwog am ei dechnegau stiwdio arloesol, ac roedd yn un o'r rhai a ail-luniodd gerddoriaeth Reggae.

Cafodd Perry ei eni yn Kendal, Jamaica. Roedd ymhlith y cynhyrchwyr-gerddorion cyntaf o Jamaica i ddefnyddio'r stiwdio fel offeryn, ac arloesodd gyda ffurf offerynnol *"dub"*, lle tynnir rhannau o drac rhythm a phwysleisio eraill trwy atsain, ailadrodd a chwarae darnau o dâp o chwith.

Gweithiodd gydag amrywiaeth eang o artistiaid a chynhyrchu eu cerddoriaeth, gan gynnwys *Bob Marley and the Wailers*, Junior Murvin, *The Congos*, Max Romeo, Adrian Sherwood, *Beastie Boys*, Ari Up, *The Clash*, The Orb, a llawer mwy.

## Arloeswr ecsentrig
Enillodd yr enw "Scratch" ar ôl un o'i recordiau yn y 1960au cynnar, *The Chicken Scratch*. Recordiodd i Coxsone Dodd, perchennog *Stiwdio One* un o labeli mawr Jamaica'r cyfnod. Cynhyrchodd hits i gantorion Reggae fel Justin Hines a Delroy Wilson a gwneud ei recordiau ei hun hefyd. 

Sgoriodd hit offerynnol gyda *The Upsetter* ym Mhrydain ar ddiwedd y 1960au ac enwodd ei label a'i fand *The Upsetters* ar ei ôl.  Chwaraeodd ran bwysig yn llwyddiant cynnar grŵp mwyaf Jamaica, y Wailers (gan gynnwys Bob Marley a Peter Tosh). 

O 1968 hyd 1972, gweithiodd gyda'i fand stiwdio *The Upsetters*. Yn ystod y 1970au, rhyddhaodd Perry nifer o recordiadau ar nifer o labeli recordiau yr oedd yn eu rheoli, ac roedd llawer o'i ganeuon yn boblogaidd tu hwnt i Jamaica. Roedd ei hit offerynnol *The Return of Django* yn 5 uchaf y siartiau Y BBC ym Mhrydain, 1969 ac yn yn boblogaidd iawn gyda'r Skinheads - ffasiwn oedd ar ei brig ar y pryd.
 
Ond daeth ei arloesiadau mwyaf ar ôl iddo adeiladu stiwdio *Black Ark* y tu ôl i'w gartref yn Kingston ym 1974. Dechreuodd arbrofi gyda pheiriannau drymiau ac effeithiau stiwdio oedd yn arwain at oes "Dub" y 1970au ac yn dylanwadu ar dechnegau cynhyrchu mewn reggae, hip - hop a roc am ddegawdau wedi hynny. Yn enwog am ei gymeriad ecsentrig, losgodd stiwdio'r *Black Ark* ym 1980.

Ar ôl ddiwedd cyfnod y *Back Art* ar ddechrau'r 1980au, treuliodd Perry amser yn Lloegr a'r Unol Daleithiau, yn perfformio'n fyw ac yn gwneud recordiau achlysurol gydag amrywiaeth o gydweithredwyr.

Parhaodd albymau mwyfwy avant-garde Perry i ennill canmoliaeth feirniadol i'r 21ain ganrif. Enillodd *Jamaican E.T.* (2002) Wobr Grammy am yr albwm reggae gorau, ac enwebwyd *The End of an American Dream* (2007), *Repentance* (2008), *Revelation* (2010), a *Back on the Controls* (2014) i gyd yn y categori hwnnw. 

Yn 2012 derbyniodd Perry anrhydedd Jamaica, yr *Order of Distinction, Commander Class*. 

Bu farw yn Lucea, yn 85 oed.

## Discography
Gweithiodd Perry ar ganodd o draciau yn bennaf ar senglau 45 Jamaica. Mae'r rhestr ganlynol yn ddetholiad o rhai o'r albymau sydd wedi'u bod ar gael tu allan i Jamaica 

### Reordiau hir
* The Upsetters – *The Upsetter* (1969)
* The Upsetters – *Return of Django* (1969)
* The Upsetters – *Clint Eastwood* (1970)
* The Upsetters – *Many Moods of the Upsetters* (1970)
* The Upsetters – *Scratch the Upsetter Again* (1970)
* The Upsetters – *Eastwood Rides Again* (1970)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Africa's Blood* (1972)
* The Upsetters – Scratch the Upsetter – *Cloak & Dagger* (1973)
* The Upsetters – *Rhythm Shower* (1973)
* The Upsetters – *Upsetters 14 Dub Blackboard Jungle|14 Dub Blackboard Jungle* (1973)
* The Upsetters – *Double Seven* (1974)
* King Tubby Meets the Upsetter – *At the Grass Roots of Dub* (1974)
* The Upsetters – *Musical Bones* (1975)
* The Upsetters – *Return of Wax* (1975)
* The Mighty Upsetter – *Kung Fu Meets the Dragon* (1975) 
* Lee Perry & The Upsetters – *Revolution Dub* (1975) 
* The Upsetters – *Super Ape* (1976)
* Lee Perry – *Roast Fish Collie Weed & Corn Bread* (1978)
* The Upsetters – *Return of the Super Ape* (1978)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *The Return of Pipecock Jackxon* (1980)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Black Ark In Dub* (1981)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & The Majestics – *Mystic Miracle Star* (1982) 
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *History, Mystery & Prophesy'' (1984)
* Lee 'Scratch' Perry and The Upsetters – *Battle of Armagideon (Millionaire Liquidator)* (1986)
* Lee 'Scratch' Perry + Dub Syndicate – *Time Boom X De Devil Dead* (1987)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Satan Kicked the Bucket* (1988)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry with Mad Professor – *Mystic Warrior* (1989)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry with Mad Professor – *Mystic Warrior Dub* (1989)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Message from Yard* (1990)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *From the Secret Laboratory* (1990)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry Meets Bullwackie – ''Satan's Dub* (1990)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Spiritual Healing* (1990) 
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Lord God Muzik* (1991)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *The Upsetter and the Beat* (1992)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & Mad Professor – *Black Ark Experryments* (1995) 
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Experryments at the Grass Roots of Dub* (1995)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry featuring Mad Professor/Douggie Digital/Juggler – *Super Ape Inna Jungle* (1996) 
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Who Put the Voodoo Pon Reggae* (1996)
* Mad Professor & Lee " Scratch" Perry – *Dub Take the Voodoo Out of Reggae* (1996) 
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Technomajikal* (1997)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Dub Fire* (1998) 
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Fire in Dub* (1998) 
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *On the Wire* (2000)
* Mad Professor & Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Techno Party* (2000)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & Niney the Observer – *Station Underground Report* (2001)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Jamaican E.T.* (2002)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Alien Starman* (2003)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry and the Whitebellyrats – *Panic in Babylon* (2004)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *End of an American Dream* (2007)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *The Mighty Upsetter* (2008)
* Lee "$cratch" Perry – Repentance (2008 album)|*Repentance* (2008)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Scratch Came Scratch Saw Scratch Conquered* (2008)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & Adrian Sherwood – *Dub Setter* (2009) 
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *The Unfinished Master Piece* (2010)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Revelation* (2010)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & Bill Laswell – *Rise Again* (2011)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Master Piece* (2012)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & ERM – *Humanicity* (2012)
* The Orb feat. Lee "Scratch" Perry – *The Orbserver in the Star House* (2012)
* The Orb feat. Lee "Scratch" Perry – *More Tales from the Orbservatory* (2013)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Back on the Controls* (2014)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & Pura Vida – *The Super Ape Strikes Again* (2015)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Must Be Free* (2016)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Science, Magic, Logic* (2017)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & Subatomic Sound System – *Super Ape Returns to Conquer* (2017)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *The Black Album* (2018)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Alien Dub Massive* (2019)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & Woodie Taylor – *Big Ben Rock* (2019)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Rainford* (2019)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & Mr. Green – *Super Ape vs. 緑: Open Door* (2019)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Life of Plants* (2019)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Heavy Rain* (2019)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Live in Brighton* (2020)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Lee Scratch Perry Presents The Full Experience* (2020)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry and Spacewave – *Dubz of the Root* (2021)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & Ral Ston – *Friends* (2021)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & Ral Ston & Scientist – *Scratch & Scientist Meet Ral Ston To Conquer The Evil Duppies* (2021)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & New Age Doom – *Lee "Scratch" Perry's Guide to the Universe* (2021)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *Heaven* (2023)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – *King Perry (album)* (2024)

### Amlgyfrannog
* *DIP Presents the Upsetter* (1975)
* *Scratch on the Wire* (1979)
* *The Upsetter Collection* (1981)
* *Megaton Dub* (1983)
* *Arkology (album)|Arkology* (1997)
* *Ape-ology* (2007)
* *King Scratch Musical'' (2022)

## Cyfeiriadau 
Categori:Genedigaethau 1936
Categori:Marwolaethau 2021

Categori:Cerddoriaeth Jamaica
Categori:Cerddorion reggae
Categori:Cynhyrchwyr recordiau