Sylvia Pankhurst

Roedd **Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst** (5 Mai 1882 – 27 Medi 1960) yn ymgyrchydd dros symudiad y Swffraget o Loegr, yn gomiwnydd chwith amlwg ac yn ddiweddarach, yn ymgyrchydd dros achos o wrth-ffasgiaeth. Treuliodd llawer o'i hamser yn creu cynnwrf ar ran Ethiopia lle symudodd yno i fyw yn y diwedd.

## Bywyd cynnar 
Roedd Sylvia Pankhurst yn ferch i Dr. Richard Pankhurst ac Emmeline Pankhurst, y rhai ddarganfuwyd y Blaid Lafur ac oedd yn ymgyrchu dros hawliau merched. Roedd ganddi ddwy chwaer, Christabel Pankhurst ac Adela Pankhurst a daeth y dair yn aelod o'r Swffraget.

Yn 1906, dechreuodd Sylvia Pankhurst weithio'n llawn amser i Undeb Cymdeithasol a Gwleidyddol y Merched (neu'r WSPU) gyda'i chwaer Christabel a'i mam. Treuliodd amser yn Leicster lle'i chroesawyd gan Alice Hawkins a Mary Gawthorpe a sefydlu'r Undeb yn Leicster.

Yn wahanol i Emmeline a Christabel, cadwodd Sylvia ei chysylltiad â'r symudiad llafur a chanolbwytiodd ei hymgyrchu ar ymgyrchoedd lleol. Sefydlodd hi ac Amy Bull Ffederasiwn Dwyrain Llundain o'r WSPU. Cyfrannodd Sylvia yn ogystal i bapur newydd yr WSPU, *Votes for Women* ac yn 1911 cyhoeddodd hanes propaganda ymgyrch yr WSPU, ''The Suffragette: The History of the Women's Militant Suffrage Movement''.

Erbyn 1914, roedd gan Sylvia ei amheuon o'r llwybr yr oedd yr WSPU yn ei gymryd. Daeth yr WSPU yn annibynnol o unrhyw blaid wleidyddol, ond roedd hi eisiau iddo ddod yn sefydliad sosialaeth pendant, gan daclo materion ehangach na phleidlais merched yn unig, ac alinio â'r Blaid Lafur Annibynnol.

## Detholiadau o'i gwaith 
* , London: Gay & Hancock (1911)
* *The Home Front* (1932; reissued 1987 by The Cresset Library) 0-09-172911-4
* *Soviet Russia as I saw it*, ''Workers' Dreadnought* (16 Ebrill 1921)
* *The Suffragette Movement: An Intimate Account of Persons and Ideals* (1931; reissued 1984 by Chatto & Windus)
* *A Sylvia Pankhurst Reader*, ed. by Kathryn Dodd, Manchester University Press (1993)
* *Non-Leninist Marxism: Writings on the Workers Councils'' (includes Pankhurst's "Communism and its Tactics"), St. Petersburg, Florida: Red and Black Publishers (2007)  978-0-9791813-6-8
*  (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. (1920s)
* *Education of the Masses*, The Dreadnought Publishers, (1918)
* *E. Sylvia Pankhurst - Portrait of a Radical*, London: Yale University Press (1987)

## Llenyddiaeth eilaidd 
* Richard Pankhurst, *Sylvia Pankhurst: Artist and Crusader, An Intimate Portrait* (Virago Ltd, 1979), 0-448-22840-8
* Richard Pankhurst, *Sylvia Pankhurst: Counsel for Ethiopia* (Hollywood, CA: Tsehai, 2003) London: Global Publishing 0972317228
* Ian Bullock and Richard Pankhurst (eds) * Sylvia Pankhurst. From Artist to Anti-Fascist*(Macmillan, 1992) 0-333-54618-0
* Shirley Harrison, *Sylvia Pankhurst, A Crusading Life 1882–1960* (Aurum Press, 2003) 1854109057
* Sylvia Pankhurst,  *The Rebellious Suffragette* (Golden Guides Press Ltd, 2012) 1780950187   
* Shirley Harrison, *Sylvia Pankhurst, Citizen of the World* (Hornbeam Publishing Ltd, 2009), 978-0-9553963-2-8
* Barbara Castle, *Sylvia and Christabel Pankhurst* (Penguin Books, 1987), 0-14-008761-3
* Martin Pugh, *The Pankhursts: The History of One Radical Family* (Penguin Books, 2002)  0099520435
* Patricia W. Romero, *E. Sylvia Pankhurst. Portrait of a Radical* (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1987) 0300036914
* Barbara Winslow, *Sylvia Pankhurst: Sexual Politics and Political Activism* (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996); 0-312-16268-5

## Cyfeiriadau 
## Dolenni allanol 
* Sylviapankhurst.com, a comprehensive information resource about Sylvia Pankhurst from Hornbeam Publishing Limited, sponsored by the UK Heritage Lottery Fund
* Sylvia Pankhurst biography, spartacus-educational.com; adalwyd 4 Ebrill 2014 
* Sylvia Pankhurst Archive, libcom.org; adalwyd 4 Ebrill 2014 
* 
* Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst papers archived the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam
* Application for naturalisation of Mrs Margarethe Morgenstern and her husband Erwin, including written plea from Pankhurst
*  Wayback Machine (archived 27 Hydref 2009), two articles by Pankhurst and Anton Pannekoek, first published in the *Workers Dreadnought* in 1922; first published as a pamphlet in 1974 by Workers Voice, a Liverpudlian Communist group.
* Three pamphlets detailing the work of Sylvia Pankhurst as an anti-Bolshevik Communist , "Anti-Parliamentarism and Communism in Britain, 1917–1921" by R.F. Jones, *Anti-Parliamentary Communism: The Movement for Workers Councils in Britain, Class War on the Home Front* 
* Sylvia Pankhurst: Everything is Possible – A documentary that chronicles the life and political campaigns of Sylvia Pankhurst and includes an exclusive interview with her son Richard Pankhurst and his wife Rita. The accompanying website includes images of a large number of security files held on Pankhurst, from the collection at the National Archives.
* Profile, nrs.harvard.edu; adalwyd 4 Ebrill 2014  
* Profile, radcliffe.harvard.edu (Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University)
* "I Was Forcibly Fed" by Sylvia Pankhurst, ''McClure's'' (Awst 1913)

Categori:Comiwnyddion o Loegr
Categori:Ffeministiaid o Loegr
Categori:Genedigaethau 1882
Categori:Marwolaethau 1960
Categori:Merched y 19eg ganrif o Loegr
Categori:Merched yr 20fed ganrif o Loegr
Categori:Swffragetiaid