Helfa ddewiniaid

bawd|255x255px|Arteithio gwrachod cyhuddedig, 1577
Chwiliad am bobl sydd wedi cael eu labelu'n wrachod neu chwiliad am dystiolaeth o ddewiniaeth yw **helfa ddewiniaid**, neu **helfa wrachod** yn fwy modern yn y Gymraeg. Yng nghyfnod cynnar y Dwyrain Canol, roedd ymarfer swynion drwg neu swynganu wedi'i wahardd ac yn gosbadwy. Yn Ewrop ganoloesol, roedd helfeydd dewiniaid yn aml yn codi mewn cysylltiad â chyhuddiadau o heresi gan Gristnogaeth. Digwyddodd cyfnod dwys o helfeydd dewiniaid a ddigwyddodd yn Ewrop Fodern Gynnar ac i raddau llai yn America Drefedigaethol, o tua 1450 i 1750, gan gwmpasu cynnwrf y Gwrth-Ddiwygiad a Rhyfel y Deng Mlynedd ar Hugain, gan arwain at oddeutu 35,000 i 60,000 o ddienyddiadau.  Digwyddodd y dienyddiadau olaf o bobl a gafwyd yn euog fel gwrachod yn Ewrop yn y 18fed ganrif. Mewn rhanbarthau eraill, fel Affrica ac Asia, mae hela dewiniaid cyfoes wedi cael eu hadrodd o Affrica is-Sahara a Phapua Gini Newydd, ac mae deddfwriaeth swyddogol yn erbyn dewiniaeth i'w chael o hyd yn Sawdi Arabia, Camerŵn a De Affrica heddiw.

## Troednodiadau 
## Cyfeiriadau 
## Darllen pellach 
* 
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* Briggs, Robin. 'Many reasons why': witchcraft and the problem of multiple explanation, in *Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe. Studies in Culture and Belief*, ed. Jonathan Barry, Marianne Hester, and Gareth Roberts, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
* Burns, William E. *Witch hunts in Europe and America: an encyclopedia* (2003)
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* 
* Golden, William, ed. *Encyclopedia of Witchcraft: The Western Tradition* (4 vol. 2006) 1270pp; 758 short essays by scholars.
* 
* Gouges, Linnea de, *Witch hunts and State Building in Early Modern Europe* (2018)
* Klaits, Joseph. *Servants of Satan: The Age of the Witch Hunts.* Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985
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* Levack, Brian P. *The witch hunt in early modern Europe*, 3rd ed., London and New York: Longman, 2006.
* Macfarlane, Alan. *Witchcraft in Tudor and Stuart England: A regional and Comparative Study*. New York and Evanston: Harper & Row Publishers, 1970.
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* 
* Oberman, H. A., J. D. Tracy, Thomas A. Brady (eds.), *Handbook of European History, 1400–1600: Visions, Programs, Outcomes* (1995) 
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* Purkiss, Diane. "A Holocaust of One's Own: The Myth of the Burning Times." Chapter in *The Witch and History: Early Modern and Twentieth Century Representatives* New York: Routledge, 1996, pp.&nbsp;7–29.
* Robisheaux, Thomas. *The Last Witch of Langenburg: Murder in a German Village.* New York: W.W. Norton & Co. (2009) 
* Sagan, Carl. *The Demon-Haunted World*, Random House, 1996. ISBN&nbsp;0-394-53512-X
* David W. Thompson, "Sister Witch: The Life of Moll Dyer" (2017 Solstice Publishing) 
* Thurston, Robert. *The Witch Hunts: A History of the Witch Persecutions in Europe and North America*. Pearson/Longman, 2007.
* Purkiss, Diane. *The Bottom of the Garden, Dark History of Fairies, Hobgoblins, and Other Troublesome Things.* Chapter 3 *Brith and Death: Fairies in Scottish Witch-trials* New York: New York University Press, 2000, pp.&nbsp;85–115.
* West, Robert H. *Reginald Scot and Renaissance Writings*. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1984.
* Willumsen, Liv Helene. *The Witchcraft Trials in Finnmark, Northern Norway*. Bergen: Skald, 2010. ISBN&nbsp;978-82-7959-152-8
* Willumsen, Liv Helene. *Witches of the North:Scotland and Finnmark*. Leiden: Brill, 2013. ISBN&nbsp;9789004252912. E-
* Winkler, Albert (2023) "Judicial Murder: The Witch-Craze in Germany and Switzerland," *Swiss American Historical Society Review*, Vol. 59: No. 1, Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sahs_review/vol59/iss1/2

## Dolenni allanol 
* Cofnod *Gwyddoniadur Catholig* 1913 ar "Witchcraft"
* Douglas Linder (2005), Hanes Byr o Erledigaethau Dewiniaeth cyn Salem

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