উপোসথ

**উপোসথ** হলো বৌদ্ধ দিবস পালনের দিন, যা বুদ্ধের সময় (৬০০ খ্রিষ্টপূর্বাব্দ) থেকে এখনও বৌদ্ধরা পালন করেন। বুদ্ধ শিখিয়েছিলেন যে উপোসথের দিন হলো "অশুচি মনের পরিচ্ছন্নতা" এর ফলে অভ্যন্তরীণ প্রশান্তি ও আনন্দ। এই দিনে, সংঘের সাধারণ ও নিযুক্ত সদস্য উভয়ই তাদের অনুশীলনকে তীব্র করে, তাদের জ্ঞানকে আরও গভীর করে এবং সহস্রাব্দ পুরানো সাধারণ সন্ন্যাসীদের পারস্পরিক আচরণের মাধ্যমে সাম্প্রদায়িক প্রতিশ্রুতি প্রকাশ করে। এই দিনে, সাধারণ অনুসারীরা পঞ্চ বা দশ উপদেশ রাখার জন্য সচেতন প্রচেষ্টা করে। এটি বুদ্ধের শিক্ষা ও ধ্যান অনুশীলন করার দিন।

## তথ্যসূত্র

## উৎস

* Buddhadatta Mahathera, A. P. (2002). *Concise Pali-English Dictionary*. Delhi:Motilal Banarsidass. .
* Bullitt, John T. (2005). *Uposatha Observance Days*. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/dhamma/sila/uposatha.html.
* Dhammayut Order in the United States of America (1994). *A Chanting Guide.* Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/dhammayut/chanting.html.
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* Harvey, Peter (1990). *An introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, history and practices* (1st ed.), Cambridge University Press. .
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* Kariyawasam, A.G.S. (1995). *Buddhist Ceremonies and Rituals of Sri Lanka* (The Wheel Publication No. 402/404). Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. Retrieved 2007-10-22 from "Access to Insight" (1996 transcription) at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/kariyawasam/wheel402.html.
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* Khantipalo, Bhikkhu (1982a). *Lay Buddhist Practice: The Shrine Room, Uposatha Day, Rains Residence* (The Wheel No. 206/207). Kandy, Sri Lanka:Buddhist Publication Society. Also transcribed (1995) and available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/khantipalo/wheel206.html.
* Khantipalo, Bhikkhu (trans.) (1982b). *Visakhuposatha Sutta: The Discourse to Visakha on the Uposatha with the Eight Practices* [AN 8.43]. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an08/an08.043.khan.html.
* Mahasi Sayadaw (*undated*). *Practical Vipassana Exercises*. Buddha Dharma Education Association. Available on-line at http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/mahasit1.pdf.
* Ñanavara Thera (Somdet Phra Buddhaghosacariya) & Bhikkhu Kantasilo (trans.) (1993). *Uposatha Sila: The Eight-Precept Observance*. Thailand:The Office of the Secretary of the Supreme Patriarch. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/nanavara/uposatha.html.
* Narada Thera (trans.) (1985). *Maha-mangala Sutta: Blessings* [Sn 2.4]. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/snp/snp.2.04.nara.html.
* Nyanaponika Thera and Bhikkhu Bodhi (trans. and ed.) (1999). *Numerical Discourses of the Buddha: An Anthology of Suttas from the Anguttara Nikaya*. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press. .
* Piyadassi Thera (trans.) (1999a). *Karaniya Metta Sutta: The Discourse on Loving-kindness* [Sn 1.8]. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/snp/snp.1.08.piya.html.
* Piyadassi Thera (trans.) (1999b). *Ratana Sutta: The Jewel Discourse* [Sn 2.1]. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/snp/snp.2.01.piya.html.
* Rhys Davids,T.W. & Hermann Oldenberg (trans.) ([1881]). *Vinaya Texts (Part I)*. Oxford:Clarendon Press. Available on-line at http://www.sacred-texts.com/bud/sbe13/sbe1313.htm. The chapter on the Uposatha, "Second Khandhaka (The Uposatha Ceremony, and the Pâtimokkha)," is available at http://www.sacred-texts.com/bud/sbe13/sbe1313.htm. The chapter on Pavarana Day, "Fourth Khandhaka (The Parâvanâ Ceremony)," is available at http://www.sacred-texts.com/bud/sbe13/sbe1315.htm.
* Rhys Davids, T.W., and William Stede, *The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary*, 1921–25. Pali Text Society, London : Chipstead. The entry on "Uposatha" is available on-line at https://archive.today/20120711002529/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:4011.pali. A general on-line search engine for the PED is available at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/.
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* Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1993). *Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta: Setting the Wheel of Dhamma in Motion* [SN 56.11]. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn56/sn56.011.than.html.
* Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1997a). *Buddhavagga: Awakened* [ Dhp XIV]. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/dhp/dhp.14.than.html.
* Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1997b). *Muluposatha Sutta: The Roots of the Uposatha* [AN 3.70]. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.070.than.html.
* Thanissaro, Bhikkhu (trans.) (1999). *The Ten Recollections: A Study Guide*. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/study/recollections.html.
* Thanissaro, Bhikkhu (trans.) (2006). *Anapanasati Sutta: Mindfulness of Breathing* [MN 118]. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.118.than.html.
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## বহিঃসংযোগ
* "Buddhist Ceremonies: Festivals and Special Days" , on www.buddhanet.net
* "Uposatha Observance Days " on www.accesstoinsight.org.
* 2016 Calendar of Uposatha Days
* "The Rituals and Festivals of the Buddhist Life", by Robert C. Lester (1987), on buddhistgateway.com.
* "Khmer Chhankitek Calendar" , by Robert C. Lester (1987), cam-cc.org

বিষয়শ্রেণী:বৌদ্ধ উৎসব
বিষয়শ্রেণী:এশিয়ার উৎসব
বিষয়শ্রেণী:বৌদ্ধ পবিত্র দিন
বিষয়শ্রেণী:পূর্ণিমায় পালিত অনুষ্ঠান