Pasifik Osen

Pasifik Osen hem i bigfala solwota long wol mo i kavremap moa long 30% blong graon. Hem i stap bitwin Asia, Australasia, Amerika Not, mo Amerika Saot. Pasifik Osen i no nomo wan bikfala wota bodi, be hem i tu wan impoten samting we i kontrolen klimate, ekonomi, mo laef blong plante million pipol (NASA, 2022). Hem i wok olsem wan natural highway we i joenem ol defren pat blong wol mo i helpem ol nesen long bisnis mo transport. Mo tu, hem i impoten blong weata mo sisen blong plante ples long wol.

## Saes Mo Dipnes

Pasifik Osen i wan long ol dip mo widefala solwota long wol. Hem i gat wan saes blong 165.2 milion kilometa skwea, mo i dip tumas long ol ples olsem Mariana Trench, we i kasem 10,994m long dip (UNEP, 2021). Mariana Trench hem i dip tumas, mo ol scientist oli faenem niufala spesies blong marine laef we i stap long botom we i gat hae presha mo tudak oltaem. Mo tu, Pasifik i holem ol defren tipe blong envaeromen, stat long ol coral reef kasem ol dip mo dark ples long botom blong solwota. Ol research long deep-sea exploration oli stap helpem man i minim ol seafloor features olsem underwater volcanoes, hydrothermal vents, mo deep-sea trenches we i save holem planti laef we man i no save tumas long hem yet.

## Aelan Mo Kontri Blong Pasifik

Plante aelan mo smol nesen oli stap long Pasifik Osen. Sam long ol aelan we i stap long hem:

* **[[Hawaii]]** (USA)
* **[[Fiji]]**
* **[[Vanuatu]]**
* **[[Tonga]]**
* **[[Samoa]]**
* **[[Papua Niugini]]**
* **[[Solomon Aelan]]**
* **[[Kiribati]]**
* **[[Tuvalu]]**

Olgeta aelan ya oli gat defren kalja, kastom, mo laef we i depend long solwota. Ol man oli stap long ol aelan ya long plante yia finis mo oli stap yusum ol tradisenel fasin blong fis, farm, mo salem samting long sea (Global Science Press, 2019). Plante nesen long Pasifik oli dipen long subsistence fishing mo farming, be globalization i stap mekem impact long laef blong olgeta tru long tourism mo international trade. Long ol yia we i pas, ol Pacific Islands Forum oli stap wok blong protektem resos mo strengthenem partnership wetem ol bigfala economy olsem Australia, New Zealand, mo China.

## Ol Riva Mo Solwota We Oli Flou Igo Long Hem

Plante bigfala riva oli flou i go long Pasifik Osen, mekem se hem i holem wota blong plante difren sol. Sam long ol bigfala riva ya hemia:

* **[[Yangtze Riva]]** (China)
* **[[Mekong Riva]]** (Asia)
* **[[Columbia Riva]]** (USA mo Kanada)
* **[[Amazon Riva]]** (hem i joenem Atlantek be i afektem Pasifik tu)
* **[[Fraser Riva]]** (Kanada)
* **[[Sepik Riva]]** (Papua Niugini)

Olgeta riva ya oli karem nutrient mo plante samting we oli mekem marine laef i grow gud. Mo tu, riva olsem Mekong i impoten blong agrikalja mo transport long Asia, mo Columbia River i holem wan bigfala salmon fishery we i staple blong ekonomi long ol pat blong Kanada mo Amerika Not. Rising temperatures long ol glasia-fed riva olsem Fraser River i save afektem fis population, we i gat impak long ol lokol fisherman mo environment.

## Ol Weta Paten Mo Klima

Pasifik Osen i gat bigfala impak long klimate blong wol. I gat tu impoten fenomen we oli afektem weta blong hem:

* *El Niño* – Hem i mekem weta i hot moa long ol ples long Pasifik mo save kosem drought mo hurricane long sam ples.
* *La Niña* – Hem i mekem weta i kol moa mo save mekem bigfala ren long ol defren ples.

Mo tu, Pasifik i mekem plante hurricane, typhoon, mo cyclone we oli save spolem ol eria klosap long solwota (NASA, 2022). Rising sea surface temperatures we oli kamaot long global warming oli mekem plante strenja weta mo stronga storm long ol yia we oli pas. Climate scientists oli stap stadi olsem rising sea levels i save afektem ol smol Pasifik nesen we oli low-lying, olsem Tuvalu mo Kiribati. Mo tu, acidification blong solwota i mekem coral bleaching, we i afektem fishery industry long ol reef-dependent nesen.

## Marine Laef Mo Envaeromen

Pasifik Osen i holem plante difren animol mo plant we oli stap long hem. Long hem i stap:

* **[[Blue Whale]]** – Wan long ol bigfala animol long wol.
* **[[Dolphin]]** mo **[[Shark]]**
* **[[Tuna]]**, **[[Salmon]]**, mo ol narafala fis we oli gat bigfala value long ekonomi.
* Ol Coral Reef we i holem plante difren spesies.
* **[[Sea Turtles]]**, we oli travel long taosen kilometa long solwota.

Olgeta animol ya oli stap depend long envaeromen blong Pasifik be i gat ol problem olsem overfishing mo polusen we oli stap mekem marine laef i go down (UNEP, 2021). Coral bleaching i wan bigfala problem from rising sea temperatures, mo ol marine conservation projects oli stap wok blong protektem biodiversity blong reef mo ol mangrove forests. Oil spills mo plastik rabis i stap afektem health blong marine ecosystem mo plante species long solwota.

## Ekonomi Mo Transport

Pasifik Osen i wan long ol impoten sea blong wokem bisnis mo transport. Plante nesen oli depend long hem blong:

* Fishing mo eksport blong tuna mo narafala marine produkt.
* Tourism long ol aelan mo beach blong Pasifik.
* Shipping mo cargo transport bitwin Amerika, Asia, mo Australasia.
* Deep-sea mining mo extraction blong rare minerals.

Ol bikfala sea port olsem **[[Los Angeles]]**, **[[Tokyo]]**, mo **[[Sydney]]** oli wok olsem bikfala senta blong bisnis long Pasifik. Mo tu, ol countries olsem China mo USA oli investem bigfala mani long maritim trade mo infrastructure long Asia-Pacific region.

## Referens

* NASA. *Pacific Ocean and Climate*. NASA Research Center, 2022. (https://www.nasa.gov/topics/oceans/pacific.html)
* International Marine Studies. *Ecosystem of the Pacific*. Global Science Press, 2019. (https://www.globalsciencepress.com/pacific)
* United Nations Environmental Program. *Human Impact on Pacific Ocean*. UNEP Report, 2021. (https://www.unep.org/resources/report/pacific-impact)

## Lukim Tu

* **[[Atlantik Osen]]**
* **[[Indien Osen]]**
* **[[Mariana Trench]]**
* **[[Great Pacific Garbage Patch]]**
* **[[Deep-Sea Mining]]**