File Transfer Protocol

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) hemi wan standard fasin blong komunikeisen we oli yusum blong muvum ol fael blong kompiuta i go long klien we hemi stap long netwok. FTP hemi wok long wan sistem we oli kolem klien–server model, mo hemi yusum tu defren koneksen — wan blong kontrol mo wan blong data — bitwin klien mo server. Ol yusa blong FTP oli save mekem olgeta i save go insaed long sistem wetem wan plaen-tekst saen-in fasin, we i stap yusum nem blong yusa mo paswod. Be sapos server i setap blong mekem i save, man i save konek olsem wan anonim yusa. Blong mekem se transmisen i sef mo blong protektem nem blong yusa mo paswod, mo blong enkriptem ol fael we oli stap go, FTP i save yusum SSL/TLS (we oli kolem FTPS) o i save jenisim blong yusum SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP).

Ol faswan FTP klaen program oli bin wan kaen program we oli wok long laen blong koman nomo, bifo we ol operating sistem oli gat grafikal yusa interface. Ol program olsem oli stap yet tedei, mo oli kam wetem plante operating sistem olsem Windows, Unix, mo Linux. Plante spesel FTP klaen mo ol program blong otomesen oli bin mekem afta longtaem blong yus long desktop, server, mobile divaes, mo ol hadwea. FTP tu i stap insaed long sam program blong wok, olsem ol HTML editor mo ol fael manija.

Bifo, ol web browser oli yusum wan FTP klaen we hemi stap insaed finis long browser, blong mekem man i save lukluk ol fael server wetem URI prefix “. Be long yia 2021, Google Chrome mo Firefox — tufala we oli bigfala web browser — oli stop blong sapotem FTP from we naoia i gat ol niufala mo sef sistem olsem SFTP mo FTPS. Be nating se tufala ia i no bin putum ol niufala protokol ia yet long olgeta.

## History blong ol FTP server
Fas spesifikesen blong File Transfer Protocol hemi bin raetem Abhay Bhushan, mo oli pablikem olsem  long 16 Epril 1971. Kasem yia 1980, FTP i bin wok long NCP, we hemi bifo long TCP/IP. Afta, oli jenisim protokol ia blong yusum wan niufala TCP/IP veson —  (Jun 1980) mo  (Oktoba 1985) — we hemi naoia i stap olsem spesifikesen blong FTP. Sam niufala standad tu oli mekem blong jenisim , olsem  (Februari 1994) we hemi mekem “Firewall-Friendly FTP” (passive mode),  (Jun 1997) we hemi putum ol sekuriti ekstensen, mo  (Septemba 1998) we hemi mekem sapot blong IPv6 mo i defaenem wan niu kaen passive mode.

## Ovaevyu blong protokol

### Komunikeisen mo transfer blong data

FTP i save ron long active mode o passive mode, mo fasin ia nao i mekem wanem rod we koneksen blong data i stap mekem. (Fasin blong “mode” ia hemi defren long wan we oli yusum long MODE koman insaed long FTP protokol.)

* Long active mode, klien i stat blong lesin long ol koneksen blong data we i kam long server long port M. Hem i sanem koman **PORT M** blong talem long server se hem i lesin long port ia. Afta, server i statem wan data channel i go long klien, i kam long port 20 blong hem, we hemi data port blong FTP server.
* Sapos klien i stap bihaen long firewall mo i no save tekem ol koneksen blong TCP we oli kam insaed, oli save yusum **passive mode**. Long mode ia, klien i yusum kontrol koneksen blong sanem koman **PASV** i go long server, mo afta server i givim IP adres mo namba blong port blong hem. Klien i yusum infomesen ia blong openem wan data koneksen i go long IP adres mo port blong server, stat long wan port blong klien nomo we hem i jusum.

Tufala mode ia oli bin jenisim long Septemba 1998 blong mekem sapot blong IPv6. Long sem taem, oli mekem sam moa jenis long passive mode, mo oli apdetem blong kam olsem **extended passive mode**.

## Olketa Refrens