Mariana Trench

Mariana Trench hem i dip mo longfala trenj long Pasifik Osen. Hem i dip moa long eni narafala ples long botom blong solwota, mo hem i stap klosap long Mariana Aelan long saot-we blong Japan mo is blong Filipin (NOAA, 2023). Mariana Trench hem i wan long ol spes we scientist oli stap yusum blong stadi long deep-sea laef mo geology blong wol. Mo tu, hem i wan impoten ples blong luksave olsem we ol tetonik plet oli stap wok mo mekem ol dipfala folding long botom blong solwota.

## Saes Mo Dipnes

Mariana Trench hem i wan long ol dipfala spot long wol. Hem i long olbaot 2,550 kilometa mo i gat wan avarej wit blong 69 kilometa. Dipfala ples blong hem, we oli kolem **Challenger Deep**, i kasem 10,994m long dip (Smithsonian Ocean, 2021). Sipos yu putum Mount Everest insaed long Mariana Trench, bae top blong hem i stap yet aninit long wota. Mo tu, i gat narafala dip ples olsem **Sirena Deep** mo **Hades Trench**, we oli klosap long Mariana Trench mo oli gat sem paten long geology.

## Strakja Mo Jografi

Mariana Trench i bin kam from ol tetonik plet i stap muv. Pasifik Plet i stap go ananit long Mariana Plet, mo i mekem wan longfala dip we i foldaon i go daon long mantle blong wol. Hemia i wan fasin we oli kolem *subduction zone,* we i mekem plante volcano mo erthkwek long eria ya (USGS, 2022). Plante submarine volcano mo hydrothermal vents oli stap long saed blong Mariana Trench, we oli save mekem ol niufala laef spesies i kamap.

## Klima Mo Presha

Long botom blong Mariana Trench, presha i hae tumas—i winim 1,000 taems we presha i stap long level blong solwota. Tempreja long botom i stap kol, klosap long freezing point, mo laet i no save kasem long ples ya. From strong presha mo lack blong laet, laef we i stap long Mariana Trench i defren tumas long olgeta animol we oli stap long ol narafala ples long wol. I gat wan spesel proses we oli kolem *bioluminescence,* we i mekem sam animol oli save mekem laet blong olgeta nomo blong folem paoa mo fainem kakae.

## Marine Laef Mo Adaptesen

Nating se Mariana Trench i wan ekstrim envaeromen, i gat sam animol we oli stap long hem, olsem:

* **[[Anglerfish]]** – I gat wan laet long top blong hed blong hem blong pulum praey.
* **[[Giant Amphipod]]** – Wan bigfala krastaesen we i save stap long strong presha.
* **[[Dumbo Octopus]]** – Wan spesies blong oktopus we i save muv long dip solwota.
* **[[Xenophyophore]]** – Wan microorganism we i save stap long toxic envaeromen.
* **[[Snailfish]]** – Wan spesies we oli faenem long Mariana Trench we i save stap long wan environment we i gat bigfala presha mo sot long okisjen.

Olgeta animol ya oli mekem adaptesen blong laef long kol, tudak, mo hae presha we i stap insaed long Mariana Trench (National Geographic, 2023). Mo tu, ol scientist oli stap stadi olsem wanem ol organism ya oli save yusum ol kemikol long deep-sea environment blong survaev.

## Ekonomi Mo Saens

Nating se Mariana Trench i no wan ples we ol man oli save go long hem, hem i impoten long saens mo ekonomi. Ol samting we oli mekem i impoten:

* *Deep-Sea Mining* – Ol kompani oli stap lukluk long mining blong rare minerals long Mariana Trench, be i gat risk blong polusen mo disrupsen blong ekosistem.
* *Ocean Exploration* – Ol scientist oli stap yusum submarine olsem Deepsea Challenger mo ol robotic drones blong lanem moa long Mariana Trench mo marine biodiversity.
* *Biotechnology* – Sam mikroba we oli stap long Mariana Trench oli gat spesel proteksen agens hae presha, mo oli save yusum long medikal riset mo teknoloji.
* *Climate Change Studies* – Mariana Trench i helpem ol scientist blong minim olsem global warming i save afektem chemistry blong deep-sea mo holem rekod blong historical climate patterns.

## Impak Blong Man Long Mariana Trench

Even se Mariana Trench i stap long wan dip mo remote eria, ol man oli mekem sam impak long hem:

* *Plastik Polusen* – Long 2019, ol scientist oli faenem plastik rabis long botom blong Challenger Deep.
* *Deep-Sea Mining* – Mining blong rare metals i save spolem ecosystem mo disturbem ol spesies we oli no bin stap faenem bifo.
* *Global Warming* – Jenj long klima i save afektem chemistry blong dip solwota mo laef we i stap long Mariana Trench (NOAA, 2023).
* *Underwater Noise Pollution* – Ol bigfala maritim transport mo testing blong sonar long ol submarine oli save afektem laef blong ol animol we oli depend long sound blong navigesen mo komunikesen.

## Referens

* NOAA. *Mariana Trench and Deep-Sea Exploration*. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2023. (https://www.noaa.gov/topics/oceans/mariana.html)
* Smithsonian Ocean. *The Deepest Part of the Ocean*. Smithsonian Institution, 2021. (https://ocean.si.edu/deepest-part-ocean)
* USGS. *Tectonic Activity of the Mariana Trench*. United States Geological Survey, 2022. (https://www.usgs.gov/mariana-trench)
* National Geographic. *Extreme Life in the Deep Sea*. National Geographic, 2023. (https://www.nationalgeographic.com/deep-sea-life)

## Lukim Tu

* **[[Pasifik Osen]]**
* **[[Deep-Sea Exploration]]**
* **[[Challenger Deep]]**
* **[[Deep-Sea Mining]]**
* **[[Hydrothermal Vents]]**
* **[[Subduction Zones]]**
* **[[Extreme Environment Biology]]**