Hebreong Bibliya

An **Hebreong Bibliya** o **Tanakh** midbid man sa Hebreo bilang **Miqra**, iyo an canonical collection kan Hebreong eskritura, kompwesto an Torah (an limang Libro ni Moses), an Nevi'im (an mga Libro kan mga Propeta), asin an Ketuvim ('Kasuratan', mga kagsarong libro). Manlaenlaen na sangay kan Hudaismo asin Samaritanismo minantinir an manlaenlaen na bersyon kan canon, kabali an ika-3 siglo BCE tekstong Septuagint na ginamit sa Ikaduwang Templong Hudaismo, an Syriac Peshitta, an Samaritan Pentateuch, an Dead Sea Scrolls, asin an pinakadai pa nahahaloy iyo an ika-10ng siglong medieval Masoretic Text kinompleto kan Masoretes, sa ngunyan piggagamit kan Rabbinic Judaism. An mga terminong "Hebrew Bible" o "Hebrew Canon" iyo an parating kinakaribong sa Masoretic Text; alagad, an Masoretic Text iyo an medieval version asin saro sa nagkapirang teksto na konsideradong awtoritatibo kan manlaenlaen na klase nin Hudaismo sa bilog na kasaysayan. An presenteng edisyon ka Masoretic Text kadaklan yaon sa Biblikong Hebreo, na igwang dikit na passages sa Biblical Aramaic (sa mga libro kan Daniel asin Ezra, asin an bersikulo Jeremiah 10:11).

The authoritative form of the modern Hebrew Bible used in Rabbinic Judaism is the Masoretic Text (7th to 10th century CE), which consists of 24 books, divided into chapters and *[[Chapters and verses of the Bible|pesuqim]]* (verses). The Hebrew Bible developed during the Second Temple Period, as the Jews decided which religious texts were of divine origin; the Masoretic Text, compiled by the Jewish scribes and scholars of the Early Middle Ages, comprises the Hebrew and Aramaic 24 books that they considered authoritative. The Hellenized Greek-speaking Jews of Alexandria produced a Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible called "the Septuagint", that included books later identified as the Apocrypha, while the Samaritans produced their own edition of the Torah, the Samaritan Pentateuch.  According to the Dutch–Israeli biblical scholar and linguist Emanuel Tov, professor of Bible Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, both of these ancient editions of the Hebrew Bible differ significantly from the medieval Masoretic Text.

In addition to the Masoretic Text, modern biblical scholars seeking to understand the history of the Hebrew Bible use a range of sources. These include the Septuagint, the Syriac language Peshitta translation, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls collection, the Targum Onkelos, and quotations from rabbinic manuscripts. These sources may be older than the Masoretic Text in some cases and often differ from it. These differences have given rise to the theory that yet another text, an Urtext of the Hebrew Bible, once existed and is the source of the versions extant today. However, such an Urtext has never been found, and which of the three commonly known versions (Septuagint, Masoretic Text, Samaritan Pentateuch) is closest to the Urtext is debated.

Igwang dakol na pagkakaagid sa pag-ultanan kan Hebreong Bibliya asin sa Kristianong Daan na Tipan. An Protestant Old Testament kabali an parehong libro bilang Hebreong Bibliya, alagad an mga libro nakapakarhay sa manlaenlaen na pagkasunod-sunod. An mga simbahan Katoliko, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, asin Assyrian kabali an Deuterocanonical books, na bakong kabali sa naunambitan nang bersyon kan Hebreong Bibliya. Sa Islam, an *[[Torah sa Islam|Tawrat]]* (Aramaic: توراة) iyo an parating pigmimidbid na bakô sanang sa *[[Pentateuch]]* (an limang libro ni Moses), alagad siring man sa iba pang libro kan Hebreong Bibliya.

## Toltolan