Kalidasa

**Kalidasa** (Sanskrit, m., कालिदास, , boar.: *Deanstmo vo da Geddin [[Kali (Göttin)|Kali]]*) wor a indischa Dichda und Schriftsteja. Ea hod woarscheinli am End vom 4. Joarhundat und im 5. Joarhundad glebd.

Da Kalidasa guit ois berihmtasda Autor vo da klassischn Sanskrit Literatua. Seine Schriftn san vo da hinduistischn Mythologie und Philosophie inspiriad.

Ois sei Moastaweak guit: *Abhijñânaśâkuntalâ* (in Devanāgarī:* अभिज्ञान शाकुन्तलम्*, boar. "As Wiedadakena vo da Shakuntala" oda kuaz *Shakuntala*). Es is in an Haffa Sprochn ibasezd worn. Aa da Goethe wor vo dem Theatastickl schwaar beeindruckt.

## Theatastickl
De Zuaschreibung vo de Theatastickl in ned gsichad, weis mearane Autorn midm sejm Nama gibd.

### Mâlavikâgnimitram
(in Devanāgarī:**मालविकाग्निमित्रम्** - boar. "Malavika und Agnimitra")

### Vikramorvaśîya
(in Devanāgarī:**विक्रमोर्वशीयम्** - boar. "Duach Ausdaua kimmt de Urvaśî zum Eafoig")

Des is de Gschicht vom Kini Purava und da Nymphn Urvashi, da Liab vo am Steablichn und ana Unsteablichn, de wo noch an Haffa Hindanissn nacha do zamma glicklich wean.

### Abhijñânaśâkuntalâ
(in Devanāgarī:**अभिज्ञान शाकुन्तलम्** - boar. "As Wiedadakena vo da Shakuntala" oda kuaz nua "Shakuntala")

Af an Jogausflug trifft da Kini Dushyanta de Shakuntala, de Adoptivdochda vo an weisn Mo. Se heiratn af da Stej und de Shakuntala wead aa glei schwanga. Af da Hoamroas zum Kinihof vaeagad de Shakuntala an Eremitn, dea wo se nacha vafluacht; da Dushyanta dadad de Shakuntala voistendi vagessn, wens ian Ehering valiad. Da Ring gähd wiakle valoan und da Dushyanta ko si an nix mea eainnan. Easchd wia a Fischa in Ring findt und an an Dushyanta zruckgibt, kimmt sei Eainnarung zruck und im gmoasama Glick stähd nix mea im Weg.

## Versepn

### Kumārasambhava
(in Devanāgarī:**कुमारसम्भव** - boar. "De Gebuat vo Kumar Kartikeya")

De Gschicht vo da Geddin Parvati und ia Houzad mid God Shiva.

### Raghuvaṃśa
(in Devanāgarī:**रघुवंश** - boar. "De Dynastie vom Raghu")

Do drin gähds um de Kinige vo da Raghu Dynastie.

## Gedichtln

## Meghaduta oda Meghasāndesa
(in Devanāgarī:**मेघदूत** - boar. "Woiknkuria")

Des is woarscheinle des berihmtasde Gedichtl ibahapts, wo in Sanskrit gschriem. In 111 Stanzn gähds drum, dass a Yaksha, dea seine Pflichtn valezd hod, vabannt wead. In da Vabannung ibazeigt ea a Woikn a Liabesboutschoft an sei Frau z ibadrogn.

## Ṛtusaṃhāra
(in Devanāgarī:**ऋतुसंहार** - boar. "Joareszeitn-Compilation")

Bschreibt de segs indischn Joareszeidn: grīṣma (Summa), varṣā (Regnzeid/Monsun), śarat (Hiabst), hemanta (Koidzeid), śiśira (Winta) und vasanta (Fruahjoar).

### Beispui

AUTUMN


The autumn comes, a maiden fair 
In slenderness and grace, 
With nodding rice-stems in her hair 
And lilies in her face. 
In flowers of grasses she is clad; 
And as she moves along, 
Birds greet her with their cooing glad 
Like bracelets' tinkling song.
   
A diadem adorns the night Of multitudinous stars; 
Her silken robe is white moonlight, 
Set free from cloudy bars; 
And on her face (the radiant moon) 
Bewitching smiles are shown: 
She seems a slender maid, who soon 
Will be a woman grown.

Over the rice-fields, laden plants 
Are shivering to the breeze; 
While in his brisk caresses dance 
The blossomed-burdened trees; 
He ruffles every lily-pond 
Where blossoms kiss and part, 
And stirs with lover's fancies fond 
The young man's eager heart. 

*Englische Ibasetzung vo Arthur W. Ryder (1877-1938)*.

## Ausgom und Ibasetzung

### Ausgom
* Adrian Scharpé: Kalidasa-Lexicon, Vol. I, Part 1-4: Basic Text of the Works. - Vol II, Part 1-2: References and Concordance of Quotations, Brügge: De Tempel 1954-1975 (= Werken uitgegeven door de faculteit van de letteren en wijsbegeerde, Bd. 117, 120, 122, 134, 159, 160).

### Englische Ibasetzung
* *Theatre of Memory: The Plays of Kalidasa*. Übers. v. Barbara Stoller Miller, Edwin Gerow, David Gitomer. Columbia University Press, 1984 (UNESCO Collection of Representative Works: European). ISBN 0-231-05838-1

*Sakuntala* und de Gedichtln *Meghaduta* und *Ritusamhara* san in:
* *Kalidasa: The Loom of Time*. A Selection of His Plays and Poems. Penguin, 2006. ISBN 0-14-045521-3

;Meghaduta
* . 2nd ed 1843 Introduction, text with English verse translation, and assorted footnotes.
* . http://books.google.com/books?id=2Ig-AAAAcAAJhttp://books.google.com/books?id=XzApAAAAYAAJ Sanskrit text, with introduction and some critical notes in Latin.
*  With Sanskrit text, English translation and more extensive notes separately.
*  http://books.google.com/books?id=urcIAAAAQAAJ. A prose translation.
* . German translation.
* . Hayman's translation, with notes and translation accompanying the Sanskrit text.
*  http://www.archive.org/details/exhaustivenotes00klgoog. Text with Mallinātha's commentary Sanjīvanī. Separate sections for English translation, explanation of Sanskrit phrases, and other notes.
*  http://www.archive.org/details/kalidasasmeghadu00klid
* 
* 

## Bewundarung in Eiropa

*Abhijñānaśākuntalam* vom Kalidasa wor oane vo de easchdn literarischn Schriftn, de wo af Eiropa keman san. Es is zeaschd vom Sanskrit ins Englische ibasezd worn und nacha vom Englischn ins Deitsche. Voa oim in Deitschland is des Stickl mid Bewundarung afgnomma worn, oin voaro vom Goethe und vom Herder.




## Beleg


## Literatua
* 
* 
* 
* Manohar Laxman Varadpande: *History of Indian Theatre. Classical Theatre.* Abhinav Publications, Neu Delhi 2005, S. 93–148
*K. D. Sethna. *Problems of Ancient India*, p.&nbsp;79-120 (chapter: "The Time of Kalidasa"), 2000 New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. ISBN 81-7742-026-7 (about the dating of Kalidasa)
*V. Venkatachalam. *Fresh light on Kalidasa's historical perspective*, Kalidasa Special Number (X), The Vikram, 1967, pp.&nbsp;130–140.
*Ram Gopal: *Kālidāsa: His Art and Culture*. Concept Publishing Company, 1984

## Im Netz
* 
*''Kalidasa: Translations of Shakuntala and Other Works'' by Arthur W. Ryder
*Biography of Kalidasa
* 
* Clay Sanskrit Library publishes classical Indian literature, including the works of Kalidasa with Sanskrit facing-page text and translation. Also offers searchable corpus and downloadable materials.
* Kalidasa at *The Online Library of Liberty*