Alan Turing

**Alan Mathison Turing**  () punika wong Inggris matematikawan, ilmuwan komputer, logikawan, cryptanalyst, pantatwa, miwah ahli biologi téoritis. Turing pinih mingaruhin ring parkembangan ilmu komputer téoritis, ngicen formalisasi konsep algoritma miwah paitungan nganggé mesin Turing, sané prasida kaanggap manados model komputer tetujon umum. Turing keanggep dados bapak ilmu komputer téoritis miwah kawikanan tetironan. Menawi pekaryan ipun nenten keakuin mawinan ida rumasuk homoséksual

Rikala Yuda Jagat II, Turing mekarya antuk mecatin pamecahan sandi Jérman, rumasuk paningkatan metode bom Polandia sadurung yuda, mesin éléktromékanis sané prasida nemu pangaturan antuk mesin Énigma.

Turing madué pakaryan penting ring mecahang sesuratan kode sané kacegat sané prasida ngaryanang Sekutu menang pantaraning Nazi ring akéh patempuran, rumasuk Patempuran Atlantik, miwah prasida ngawantu yuda. Makudang-kudang wit antuk Winston Churchill nikayang Turing medué kontribusi tunggal pinih ageng antuk kamenangan Sekutu ring yuda pantaraning Nazi Jérman. Menawi, The Churchill Centre miwah penyurat biograpi Turing Andrew Hodges nikayang nénten wénten bukti dokuménter sané ngewantu paindikan punika. Mawinan pikobet babad kontrafaktual, meweh antuk ngecawang efek saking intelijén Ultra ring yuda, menawi kacawang pekaryan ipun ngendepang kala yuda ring Éropa luwih kalih warsa miwah nyalametang 14&nbsp;yuta diri.

Risampuné yuda, Turing mekarya ring Laboratorium Fisik Nasional, ring irika ida ngaryaning désain Mesin Komputasi Otomatis. Mesin Komputasi Otomatis punika silih tunggil désain kapertama antuk komputer medué program sané kasimpen. Ring warsa 1948, Turing sareng Laboratorium Mesin Komputasi ring Universitas Victoria ring Manchester, ida ngewantu ngembangang komputer Manchester miwah mikayunin biologi matematika. Ida menyurat situnggil makalah nganggén dasar kimia morfogénésis miwah ngecawang berosilasi réaksi kimia sekadi réaksi Belousov-Zhabotinsky, kapertama kacingak warsa 1960-an.

Turing ring warsa 1952 katuntut mawinan parilaksana homoséksual, ida polih kaubadin antuk kapelesan kimia, nganggén DES, sané dados alternatif tahanan penjara. Turing lebar ring warsa 1954, 16 dina sadurung wanti warsa ipun kaping 42, saking kacetik sianida. Pameriksaan nikayang ida salah pati, menawi kecatet pinaka bukti punika nénten konsistén sareng kacetik sané nénten buwaka.

Ring warsa 2009, risampuné kampanye internét, Perdana Menteri Inggris Gordon Brown nunas sinampura saking aran Pamréntahan Inggris antuk "parilaksana sané nénten becik majeng ida".

## Pustaka

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* Bruderer, Herbert: ''Konrad Zuse und die Schweiz. Wer hat den Computer erfunden? Charles Babbage, Alan Turing und John von Neumann'' Oldenbourg Verlag, München 2012, XXVI, 224 Seiten, 
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* Petzold, Charles (2008). "The Annotated Turing: A Guided Tour through Alan Turing's Historic Paper on Computability and the Turing Machine". Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing. 
* Smith, Roger (1997). *Fontana History of the Human Sciences*. London: Fontana.
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* Weizenbaum, Joseph (1976). *Computer Power and Human Reason*. London: W.H. Freeman. 
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*  Turing's mother, who survived him by many years, wrote this 157-page biography of her son, glorifying his life. It was published in 1959, and so could not cover his war work. Scarcely 300 copies were sold (Sara Turing to Lyn Newman, 1967, Library of St John's College, Cambridge). The six-page foreword by Lyn Irvine includes reminiscences and is more frequently quoted. It was re-published by Cambridge University Press in 2012, to honour the centenary of his birth, and included a new foreword by Martin Davis, as well as a never-before-published memoir by Turing's older brother John F. Turing.
*  This 1986 Hugh Whitemore play tells the story of Turing's life and death. In the original West End and Broadway runs, Derek Jacobi played Turing and he recreated the role in a 1997 television film based on the play made jointly by the BBC and WGBH, Boston. The play is published by Amber Lané Press, Oxford, ASIN: B000B7TM0Q
* Williams, Michael R. (1985) *A History of Computing Technology*, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 
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*  (originally published in 1983); basis of the film *[[The Imitation Game]]*