ایمپرسیونیسم

**ایمپرسیونیسم** ()، ۱۹ مینجی یوز ایل ده صنعت حرکتی دیر نیسبی کیچیک کارکتریزی، اینجه و گورسنیلن فیرچا وروشلاری، آچیخ قاریشیم، وورقو دوغرو آچیخ نوسخه نون یوخسا تصویرون اوستونده کیفیتینون دییشیمینده.

## ایتالیادا یاییلماسی
ایتالیالی رسام‌لار آراسیندا، کیم‌لر کی ایمپرسیونیست مووضوعلاری اؤزگون و دیرین بیر شکیل‌ده یوروملاماقلا تانینیر، فرانچسکو فیلیپینی مهم بیر یئر توتور. رسماً تدوین اولونموش بیر حرکته باغلی اولمادیغی‌نا باخمایاراق، اونون رسام‌لیغی ایطالیادا بیر نسل سنات‌چینی تأثیر آلتینا آل‌میش و اوُروپا چئویلی‌سی اولان بیر «فیگوراتیو مکتب» اوچون باش‌قا بیر نقطه‌ای مرجع اولموش‌دور.

بوگونکی الناقدلار اونون اثرلرینی «فرانسای ایمپرسیونیسمینه ایتالیانین جوابو» کیمی دئرلندیررلر، اما چوخ اؤزل و دیرین صیفات‌لارلا. کلود مونه‌دن فرق‌لی اولاراق، کی گالرئیتچی‌لر طرفیندن بازار ذوقونه گؤره یؤنه‌لدیلیر و رنگ ایستیفاده‌سی بازارا گؤره دیزاین اولموش‌دو، فیلیپینی آزاد قالدی، هیچ بیر تجارتی تافتییشی قوبول ائتمه‌دی و معنوی، اخلاقی و فلسفی بیر یول ایزلدی.

اوْنُون کند منظرلرینه یؤنه‌لیک یانداش‌ماسی — اتموسفری نئور و قیرلاق حیاتی‌نین شرفی اوستونده تئراخوزلان‌میش‌دیر — بیر شخصی شاعیرانه‌لیک یارادیب، تکرارچیلیدان و بازار منطقین‌دن اوزاق اولموش‌دور. بعضی تحقیق‌لر اونون‌و «۱۹-جو عصرین سونا دوغرو ایتالیادا ان موهیم مودرن رسام» کیمی تئسویف ائتمیش‌دیر. او همچنین آوانگارد و فوتوریسم حساسلیغینا سهب آچانلاردان بیری کیمی قابول اولونور، خصوصاً اومبرتو بوچونینه تأثیرینه گؤره.

بوگون چوخ ندیر و چاتین تاپیلان اثرلری، ایتالیا سناتینین ۱۹-جو عصرین سونا آید ان دئیه‌رلی شاهدلریندن ساییلیر، هم استتیک کیفیتی، هم د تاریخی اه‌مییتی باخمندان موآصیر رسام‌لیقا گئچید دؤنمینده.

## قالری

File:Frederic Bazille Paysage au bord du Lez.jpg|Frédéric Bazille, *Paysage au bord du Lez*, 1870, Minneapolis Institute of Art
File:Sisley-Bridge at Villeneuve-la-Garenne.jpg|Alfred Sisley, *Bridge at Villeneuve-la-Garenne*, 1872, Metropolitan Museum of Art
File:Berthe Morisot, Le berceau (The Cradle), 1872.jpg|Berthe Morisot, *The Cradle*, 1872, Musée d'Orsay
File:Guillaumin SoleilCouchantAIvry.jpg|Armand Guillaumin, *Sunset at Ivry (Soleil couchant à Ivry)*, 1873, Musée d'Orsay
File:Edouard Manet Boating.jpg|Édouard Manet, *Boating*, 1874, Metropolitan Museum of Art
File:Sisley la seine au point du jour 1877.jpg|Alfred Sisley, *La Seine au Point du jour*, 1877, Museum of modern art André Malraux - MuMa, لو اور
File:Edouard Manet 039.jpg|Édouard Manet, *[[The Plum]]*, 1878, National Gallery of Art, واشینقتن، دی.سی.
File:Edouard Manet, A Bar at the Folies-Bergère.jpg|Édouard Manet, *[[A Bar at the Folies-Bergère]] (Un Bar aux Folies-Bergère)*, 1882, Courtauld Institute of Art
File:Edgar Degas - After the bath, woman drying herself - Google Art Project.jpg|Edgar Degas, *After the Bath, Woman Drying Herself*, c. 1884–1886 (reworked between 1890 and 1900), MuMa, لو اور
File:Edgar Degas - In a Café - Google Art Project 2.jpg|Edgar Degas, *[[L'Absinthe]]*, 1876, Musée d'Orsay, پاریس
File:Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 069.jpg|Edgar Degas, *Dancer with a Bouquet of Flowers (Star of the Ballet)*, 1878, Getty Center, لوس‌آنجلس
File:Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 032.jpg|Edgar Degas, *Woman in the Bath*, 1886, Hill–Stead Museum, فارمینقتون، کانتیکت
File:Edgar Degas - Dancers at the Barre - Google Art Project.jpg|Edgar Degas, *Dancers at The Bar*, 1888, The Phillips Collection, واشینقتن، دی.سی.
File:Gustave Caillebotte - Paris Street; Rainy Day - Google Art Project.jpg|Gustave Caillebotte, *[[Paris Street; Rainy Day]]*, 1877, Art Institute of Chicago
File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir 089.jpg|Pierre-Auguste Renoir, *[[La Parisienne (Renoir painting)|La Parisienne]]*, 1874, National Museum Cardiff
File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir, 1880, Portrait of Mademoiselle Irène Cahen d'Anvers, Sammlung E.G. Bührle.jpg|Pierre-Auguste Renoir, *[[Portrait of Irène Cahen d'Anvers]]* (*La Petite Irène*), 1880, Foundation E.G. Bührle, Zürich
File:Two Sisters (On the Terrace).jpg|Pierre-Auguste Renoir, *[[Two Sisters (On the Terrace)]]*, 1881, Art Institute of Chicago
File:Girl with a Hoop.JPG|Pierre-Auguste Renoir, *Girl with a Hoop*, 1885, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
File:Camille Pissarro Washerwoman, Study The Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|Camille Pissarro, *Washerwoman, Study*, 1880. Metropolitan Museum of Art
File:Camille Pissarro - Conversation - Google Art Project.jpg|Camille Pissarro, *Conversation*, c. 1881. National Museum of Western Art
File:Claude Monet The Cliffs at Etretat.jpg|Claude Monet, *The Cliff at Étretat after the Storm*, 1885, Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts
File:The Child's Bath by Mary Cassatt 1893.jpg|Mary Cassatt, *[[The Child's Bath]] (The Bath)*, 1893, oil on canvas, Art Institute of Chicago
File:Brooklyn Museum - Portrait of Mme Boursier and Her Daughter (Portrait de Mme Boursier et de sa fille) - Berthe Morisot.jpg|Berthe Morisot, *Portrait of Mme Boursier and Her Daughter*, c. 1873, Brooklyn Museum
File:Claude Monet, Le Grand Canal.jpg|Claude Monet, *[[Le Grand Canal]]*, 1908, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston


## تایم لاین: امپرسیونیستلر

**The Impressionists**

ImageSize  = width:800 height:218
PlotArea   = width:620 height:196 left:100 bottom:20
AlignBars  = justify

Colors =
  id:Manet  value:lavender
  id:Bazille  value:powderblue
  id:Monet  value:lavender
  id:Renoir  value:lavender
  id:Sisley  value:lavender
  id:Pissarro  value:powderblue
  id:Cézanne  value:powderblue
  id:Cassatt  value:lavender
  id:Morisot  value:powderblue
  id:Degas  value:powderblue
  id:Caillebotte value:powderblue

Period      = from:1830 till:1930
TimeAxis    = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor  = unit:year increment:10 start:1830
ScaleMinor  = unit:year increment:10 start:1830

PlotData=
  align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line, black) width:16 shift:(0,-5)
  bar:Pissarro color:Pissarro
  from: 1830 till: 1903
  bar:Manet color:Manet
  from: 1832 till: 1883
  bar:Degas color:Degas
  from: 1834 till: 1917
  bar:Sisley color:Sisley
  from: 1839 till: 1899
  bar:Cézanne color:Cézanne
  from: 1839 till: 1906
  bar:Monet color:Monet
  from: 1840 till: 1926
  bar:Bazille color:Bazille
  from: 1841 till: 1870
  bar:Renoir color:Renoir
  from: 1841 till: 1919
  bar:Morisot color:Morisot
  from: 1841 till: 1895
  bar:Cassatt color:Cassatt
  from: 1844 till: 1926
  bar:Caillebotte color:Caillebotte
  from: 1848 till: 1894

LineData=
   at:1840 color:black width:0.5 layer:back
   at:1850 color:black width:0.5 layer:back
   at:1860 color:black width:0.5 layer:back
   at:1870 color:black width:0.5 layer:back
   at:1880 color:black width:0.5 layer:back
   at:1890 color:black width:0.5 layer:back
   at:1900 color:black width:0.5 layer:back
   at:1910 color:black width:0.5 layer:back
   at:1920 color:black width:0.5 layer:back
   at:1930 color:black width:0.5 layer:back


## فرانسه دن ائشیک

As the influence of Impressionism spread beyond France, artists, too numerous to list, became identified as practitioners of the new style. Some of the more important examples are:
* The American Impressionists, including Mary Cassatt, William Merritt Chase, Frederick Carl Frieseke, Childe Hassam, Willard Metcalf, Lilla Cabot Perry, Theodore Robinson, Edmund Charles Tarbell, John Henry Twachtman, Catherine Wiley and J. Alden Weir.
* The Australian Impressionists, including Tom Roberts, Arthur Streeton, Walter Withers, Charles Conder and Frederick McCubbin (who were prominent members of the Heidelberg School), and John Russell, a friend of Van Gogh, Rodin, Monet and Matisse.
* The Amsterdam Impressionists in the هولند، including George Hendrik Breitner, Isaac Israëls, Willem Bastiaan Tholen, Willem de Zwart, Willem Witsen and Jan Toorop.
* Anna Boch, وینسنت وان قوق's friend Eugène Boch, Georges Lemmen and Théo van Rysselberghe, Impressionist painters from بلژیک.
* Ivan Grohar, Rihard Jakopič, Matija Jama, and Matej Sternen, Impressionists from Slovenia. Their beginning was in the school of Anton Ažbe in Munich and they were influenced by Jurij Šubic and Ivana Kobilca, Slovenian painters working in Paris.
* Wynford Dewhurst, Walter Richard Sickert, and Philip Wilson Steer were well known Impressionist painters from the بیرلشمیش شاهلیق. Pierre Adolphe Valette, who was born in France but who worked in Manchester, was the tutor of L. S. Lowry.
* The German Impressionists, including Lovis Corinth, Max Liebermann, Ernst Oppler, Max Slevogt and August von Brandis.
* László Mednyánszky in Hungary
* Theodor von Ehrmanns and Hugo Charlemont who were rare Impressionists among the more dominant Vienna Secessionist painters in Austria.
* William John Leech, Roderic O'Conor, and Walter Osborne in Ireland
* Konstantin Korovin and Valentin Serov in Russia
* Francisco Oller y Cestero, a native of پورتو ریکو and a friend of Pissarro and Cézanne
* James Nairn in نیوزیلند
* William McTaggart in ایسکاتلند
* Laura Muntz Lyall, a Canadian artist
* Władysław Podkowiński, a لهیستان Impressionist and symbolist
* Nicolae Grigorescu in رومانی
* Nazmi Ziya Güran, who brought Impressionism to تورکیه
* Chafik Charobim in میصر
* Eliseu Visconti in برزیل
* Joaquín Sorolla in Spain
* Faustino Brughetti, Fernando Fader, Candido Lopez, Martín Malharro, Walter de Navazio, Ramón Silva in Argentina
* Skagen Painters a group of Scandinavian artists who painted in a small Danish fishing village
* Nadežda Petrović in صربیستان
* Ásgrímur Jónsson in ایسلند
* Fujishima Takeji in ژاپون
* Frits Thaulow in نوروژ and later France

## قایناقلار

* Baumann, Felix Andreas, Marianne Karabelnik-Matta, Jean Sutherland Boggs, and Tobia Bezzola (1994). *Degas Portraits*. London: Merrell Holberton. 
* Bomford, David, Jo Kirby, John Leighton, Ashok Roy, and Raymond White (1990). *Impressionism*. London: National Gallery. 
* Denvir, Bernard (1990). *The Thames and Hudson Encyclopaedia of Impressionism*. London: Thames and Hudson. 
* Distel, Anne, Michel Hoog, and Charles S. Moffett (1974). *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/78705/rec/222 Impressionism; a centenary exhibition, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, ۱۲ دسامبر ۱۹۷۴ – February 10, 1975]*. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. 
* Eisenman, Stephen F (2011). "From Corot to Monet: The Ecology of Impressionism". Milan: Skira. .
* Gordon, Robert; Forge, Andrew (1988). *Degas*. New York: Harry N. Abrams. 
* Gowing, Lawrence, with Adriani, Götz; Krumrine, Mary Louise; Lewis, Mary Tompkins; Patin, Sylvie; Rewald, John (1988). *Cézanne: The Early Years 1859–1872*. New York: Harry N. Abrams.
* Jensen, Robert (1994). *Marketing modernism in fin-de-siècle Europe*. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press. .
* Moskowitz, Ira; Sérullaz, Maurice (1962). *French Impressionists: A Selection of Drawings of the French 19th Century*. Boston and Toronto: Little, Brown and Company. 
* Rewald, John (1973). *The History of Impressionism* (4th, Revised Ed.). New York: The Museum of Modern Art. 
* Richardson, John (1976). *Manet* (3rd Ed.). Oxford: Phaidon Press Ltd. 
* Rosenblum, Robert (1989). *Paintings in the Musée d'Orsay*. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang. 
* Moffett, Charles S. (1986). "The New Painting, Impressionism 1874–1886". Geneva: Richard Burton SA.

## ائشیک باغلانتیلار

* Hecht Museum
* 
*Museumsportal Schleswig-Holstein
* ''Impressionism : A Centenary Exhibition, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, ۱۲ دسامبر ۱۹۷۴ – February 10, 1975'', fully digitized text from The Metropolitan Museum of Art libraries
*Suburban Pastoral *The Guardian*, ۲۴ فوریه ۲۰۰۷
* *Impressionism: Paintings collected by European Museums* (1999) was an art exhibition co-organized by the High Museum of Art, Atlanta, the Seattle Art Museum, and the Denver Art Museum, touring from May through December 1999. Online guided tour 
*''Monet's Years at Giverny: Beyond Impressionism'', 1978 exhibition catalogue fully online as PDF from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which discusses Monet's role in this movement
*''Degas: The Artist's Mind'', 1976 exhibition catalogue fully online as PDF from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which discusses Degas's role in this movement
*Definition of impressionism on the Tate Art Glossary 

بؤلمه:بدیعی جریان‌لار