معریفت بیلیمی

**معریفت بیلیمی** ( ؛ قدیم یونانجا:ἐπιστήμη — بیلیک,باجاریق و λόγος — علم)، فلسفه‌ بیر بوداغی‌دیر. بۇ بیلیم تانیتیم، معریفت و مووجه اینانج‌لاری آراشدیریر. بو بیلیمده بیر بیلیمین دوغال یوخسا طبیعتی ، اصل و آماجی آراشدیریلیر.

## قایناقلار

* 
* Ayer, Alfred Jules. 1936. *[[Language, Truth, and Logic]]*.
* BonJour, Laurence. 2002. *Epistemology: Classic Problems and Contemporary Responses*. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
* Bovens, Luc & Hartmann, Stephan. 2003. *Bayesian Epistemology*. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Butchvarov, Panayot. 1970. *The Concept of Knowledge*. Evanston, Northwestern University Press.
* 
* Cohen, Stewart. 1999. "Contextualism, Skepticism, and Reasons", in Tomberlin 1999.
* Dancy, Jonathan. 1991. *An Introduction to Contemporary Epistemology* (Second Edition). John Wiley & Sons. 
* 
* DeRose, Keith. 1999. "Contextualism: An Explanation and Defense", in Greco and Sosa 1999.
* Descartes, Rene. 1641. *[[Meditations on First Philosophy]]*
* Feldman, Richard. 1999. "Contextualism and Skepticism", in Tomberlin 1999, pp.&nbsp;91–114.
* Gettier, Edmund. 1963. "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?", *Analysis*, Vol. 23, pp.&nbsp;121–123. Online text.
* Greco, J. & Sosa, E. 1999. *Blackwell Guide to Epistemology*, Blackwell Publishing.
* Harris, Errol E. 1970. *Hypothesis And Perception*, George Allen and Unwin, London, Reprinted 2002 Routledge, London.
* 
* Hay, Clare. 2008. *The Theory of Knowledge: A Coursebook*, The Lutterworth Press, Cambridge. 
* Hawthorne, John. 2005. "The Case for Closure", *Contemporary Debates in Epistemology*, Peter Sosa and Matthias Steup (ed.): 26–43.
* Hendricks, Vincent F. 2006. *Mainstream and Formal Epistemology*, New York: Cambridge University Press.
* Kant, Immanuel. 1781. *[[Critique of Pure Reason]]*.
* Keeton, Morris T. 1962. "Empiricism", in *Dictionary of Philosophy*, Dagobert D. Runes (ed.), Littlefield, Adams, and Company, Totowa, NJ, pp.&nbsp;89–90.
* Kirkham, Richard. 1984. "Does the Gettier Problem Rest on a Mistake?" *Mind*, 93.
* Klein, Peter. 1981. *Certainty: a Refutation of Skepticism*, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
* Kyburg, H.E. 1961. *Probability and the Logic of Rational Belief*, Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
* Korzybski, Alfred. 1994 (1933). *Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics*, Fifth Edition. Ft. Worth, TX: Institute of General Semantics.
* 
* Morin, Edgar. 1986. *La Méthode, Tome 3, La Connaissance de la connaissance* (Method, 3rd volume : The knowledge of knowledge)
* Morton, Adam. 2002. *A Guide Through the Theory of Knowledge* (Third Edition) Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 
* Nelson, Quee. 2007. *The Slightest Philosophy*, Indianapolis, IN: Dog Ear Publishing, 296 pages.
* Niiniluoto, Ilkka. 2002. *Critical Scientific Realism*, Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
* Plato. *[[Meno]]*.
* Popper, Karl R. 1972. *[https://www.researchgate.net/file.PostFileLoader.html?id=59ae71f3ed99e178ec7dd8b6&assetKey=AS%3A535179471343618%401504608137511 Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach]*, Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
* Preyer, G./Siebelt, F./Ulfig, A. 1994. *[https://books.google.com/books?id=Kn-0OqnD04oC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Language, Mind and Epistemology]*, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
* Russell, Bertrand. 1912. *The Problems of Philosophy*, New York: Oxford University Press.
* Russell, Bertrand. 1940. *An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth*, Nottingham: Spokesman Books.
* Santayana, George. 1923. *[[Scepticism and Animal Faith]]*, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons – London: Constable and Co.
* Spir, African. 1877. *Denken und Wirklichkeit: Versuch einer Erneuerung der kritischen Philosophie* (Thought and Reality: Attempt at a Renewal of Critical Philosophy), (Second Edition) Leipzig: J.G. Findel.
* 
* Steup, Matthias. 2005. "Knowledge and Skepticism", *Contemporary Debates in Epistemology*, Peter Sosa and Matthias Steup (eds.): 1–13.
* Tomberlin, James (ed.). 1999. *Philosophical Perspectives 13, Epistemology*, Blackwell Publishing.
* 
* Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 1922. *[[Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus]]*, Frank P. Ramsey and C.K. Ogden (trns.), Dover. Online text.

## ائشیک باغلانتیلار

;*Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy* articles
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

;*Encyclopedia Britannica*
* Epistemology by Avrum Stroll and A.P. Martinich

;Other links
* The London Philosophy Study Guide  offers many suggestions on what to read, depending on the student's familiarity with the subject: Epistemology & Methodology 
* 
* Knowledge-How at Philpapers
* 
* What Is Epistemology? – a brief introduction to the topic by Keith DeRose.
* Justified True Belief and Critical Rationalism by Mathew Toll
* Epistemology Introduction, Part 1 and Part 2 by Paul Newall at the Galilean Library.
* ''Teaching Theory of Knowledge'' (1986) – Marjorie Clay (ed.), an electronic publication from The Council for Philosophical Studies.
* An Introduction to Epistemology by Paul Newall, aimed at beginners.
* 

بؤلمه:فلسفه