Sosial gigiyena və səhiyyənin təşkili

**Sosial gigiyena və səhiyyənin təşkili** və ya **ictimai səhiyyə** – cəmiyyətin, təşkilatların, icmaların və fərdlərin mütəşəkkil səyləri və şüurlu formada seçimləri yolu ilə ömrü uzadan və həyat keyfiyyətini yaxşılaşdıran "xəstəliklərin qarşısının alınması elmi və sənəti" olaraq müəyyən edilmişdir. Daha geniş bir formada deyiliş ilə təşkil edilən ictimai fəaliyyətlərin nəticəsində, ətraf mühitin və səhiyyə şəraitinin yaxşılaşdırılması, insanlara səhiyyə haqqında düzgün məlumatlarının verilməsi, yoluxucu xəstəliklərin qarşısının əvvəlcədən alınması, xəstəliklərin əvvəlcədən diaqnostikası və müalicəsini həyata keçirəcək sağlamlıq təşkilatlarının yaradılması, ictimai fəaliyyətlər nəticəsində cəmiyyətin hər bir üzvünün sağlamlığını təmin edə biləcək bir yaşayış səviyyəsinin təmin edilməsi, insan ömrünün uzadılması, insanların fiziki sağlamlıqlarının artırılması hesabına iş qüvvələrinin yüksəldilməsini hədəfləyən bir elmdir.

## İstinadlar

## Əlavə ədəbiyyat siyahısı
* Berridge, Virginia. *Public Health: A Very Short Introduction* (Oxford UP, 2016)
* Breslow, L., ed. *Encyclopedia of Public Health* (MacMillan, 2002).
* Carney, Jan Kirk. *A History of Public Health: From Past to Present* (Jones & Bartlett, 2022)
* Hollingsworth, J. Rogers, Jerald Hage, and Robert Hanneman. *State intervention in medical care: consequences for Britain, France, Sweden, and the United States, 1890-1970* (Cornell University Press, 2019).

### Böyük Britaniya
#### Tarixi

*  Beier, Lucinda McCray. *For their own good : the transformation of English working-class health culture, 1880-1970*  (2008) online

* Berridge, Virginia. *Health and Society in Britain since 1939* (1999)

* Brand. Jeanne L. *Doctors and the state: the British medical profession and government action in public health, 1870-1912* (Johns Hopkins UP, 1965).

* Carpenter, Mary Wilson. *Health, Medicine, and Society in Victorian England* (Bloomsbury, 2009)

*  Durey, Michael. *The return of the plague : British society and the cholera, 1831-2* (1979) online

* Eyler, John M.  *Sir Arthur Newsholme and State Medicine, 1885-1935* (Cambridge University Press, 1997).
*  Finer, S.E. *The life and times of Sir Edwin Chadwick*  (1952).
* Frazer. W.M. *A history of English public health, 1834 - 1939* (1950).

*  Hardy, Anne. *Health and medicine in Britain since 1860* (2001)

* Harris, James Jeffrey. "Body Politics: A History of Public Health and Politics in Britain, 1885-1922" (PhD dissertation, The Ohio State University, 2017) online.

* Lambert, R. *Sir John Simon 1816-1904 and English social administration* (1963).

* Porter, Roy. *Disease, medicine, and society in England, 1550-1860* (1995)

* Sigsworth, Michael, and Michael Worboys. "The public's view of public health in mid-Victorian Britain." *Urban History* 21.2 (1994): 237-250. online

* Smith, F. B. *The People's health. 1830-1910* (1979).
* Warren, Michael D. *A chronology of state medicine, public health, welfare and related services in Britain 1066-1999* (2000) online

* Webster, Charles. *The National Health Service : a political history* (2002) and that'll work better.https://archive.org/details/nationalhealthse0000websonline

* Wohl, Anthony S. *Endangered lives: public health in Victorian Britain* (1983) online.

#### Birinci mənbələr
* Schneider, Dona, and David E. Lilienfeld, eds. *Public Health: The Development of a Discipline, From the Age of Hippocrates to the Progressive Era* (2008), Long excerpts from. 24 major documents. before 1920, from the United States and United Kingdom. excerpts
**   *Public health: the development of a discipline. Vol. 2 Twentieth century challenges* (2011), covers 1920 to 2010.

* Simon, John, Sir. *English sanitary institutions, reviewed in their course of development, and in some of their political and social relations* (1890) [online[

* ''National Statistics: The health of adult Britain, 1841-1994''  (1997) https://archive.org/details/healthofadultbri0000unse/page/n2/mode/1up online
### ABŞ
### Elmi tədqiqatlar
* Altman, Stuart, and David Shactman. *Power, Politics, and Universal Health Care: The Inside Story of a Century-Long Battle* (2011) online 
*Armenian;  Haroutune K., and Sam Shapiro, eds. *Epidemiology and Health Services* (1997) online
* Blake, John B. "The origins of public health in the United States."  *American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health* 38.11 (1948): pp.&nbsp;1539–1550. online
* Blumenthal, David, and James A. Morone. *The heart of power : health and politics in the Oval Office* (2010) online
* Bordley, James, and A. McGehee Harvey. *Two centuries of American medicine, 1776-1976* (1976). online
* Brandt, Allan M., and Martha Gardner. "Antagonism and accommodation: interpreting the relationship between public health and medicine in the United States during the 20th century." *American Journal of Public Health* 90.5 (2000): 707+. online
* Burnham, J. C. *Health Care in America: A History* (Johns Hopkins UP, 2015), a standard comprehensive scholarly history; online.
* Byrd, W.M. and L.A. Clayton. *An American health dilemma: A medical history of African Americans and the problem of race: Beginnings to 1900* (Routledge, 2012).
* Carney, Jan K. *Controversies in public health and health policy* (2016) online
* Carney, Jan K. *A History of Public Health: From Past to Present* (2022)  online
* Cutler, David, and Grant Miller. "The role of public health improvements in health advances: the twentieth-century United States." *Demography* 42.1 (2005): 1-22. online
* Deutsch, A. *The Mentally Ill in America: A History of Their Care and Treatment from Colonial Times* (1937).
* Duffy, John. *Epidemics in Colonial America* (1953) online
* Duffy, John. *The Healers: A History of American Medicine* (U of Illinois Press, 1976) online
* Duffy, John. *The sanitarians : a history of American public health* (1992) online
* Friedberger, Mark. "The Decision To Institutionalize: Families With Exceptional Children in 1900" *Journal of family history. * (1981) 6(4), p.&nbsp;396-409 DOI: 10.1177/036319908100600403 on feeble-minded.
* Freymann, John Gordon. "Medicine's Great Schism: Prevention vs. Cure: An Historical Interpretation," *Medical Care*, Vol. 13, No. 7 (1975), pp.&nbsp;525–536 online, on the history of public health research.
*Gerl, Ellen. " 'Out of the Back Rooms' Physician-publicist Virginia Apgar Makes Birth Defects a Popular Cause." *Journalism History* 42.3 (2016): 122-129 online
* Grob, Gerald N. *Mental illness and American society, 1875-1940* (Princeton UP, 2019). online
* Grob, Gerald N.  *From asylum to community: Mental health policy in modern America* (Princeton UP, 2014) online
* Hall, Courtney R. " The rise of professional surgery in the United States. 1800–1865". *Bulletin of the History of Medicine* (1952) 26#3 pp.&nbsp;231–262 online
* Harrison, Gordon A. *Mosquitoes, malaria, and man: A history of the hostilities since 1880* (1978) online
* Hollingsworth, J. Rogers, Jerald Hage, and Robert Hanneman. *State intervention in medical care: consequences for Britain, France, Sweden, and the United States, 1890-1970* (Cornell UP, 2019).
* Hollingsworth, J. Rogers. *A Political Economy of Medicine: Great Britain and the United States* (Johns Hopkins UP, 1986), covers 1890 to 1970.
* Kalisch, Philip Arthur, and Beatrice J. Kalisch. *The advance of American Nursing* (3rd ed 1996) online, A standard scholarly history.
* Leavitt. Judith W. and R.L. Numbers, eds. *Sickness and health in America: Readings in the history of medicine and public health* (3rd ed. 1997).
* Lerner, Monroe, and Odin W. Anderson. *Health progress in the United States, 1900–1960* (1963) online
* Loving, David A.  "The development of American public health, 1850–1925" (PhD dissertation, U of Oklahoma; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,  2008. 3303520).
* McBride, David. *Caring for Equality: A History of African American Health and Healthcare* (Rowman and Littlefield, 2018).
* Meckel, Richard A. *Save the Babies: American Public Health Reform and the Prevention of Infant Mortality, 1850-1929* (Johns Hopkins UP, 1990).
* Mohr, James C. *Doctors and the law: medical jurisprudence in nineteenth-century America* (1993) online
* Mohr, James C. *Abortion in America : the origins and evolution of national policy, 1800-1900* (1978) online
* Mukherjee, Siddhartha. *The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer* (2010); 585 pp.: scholarly history
* Nathanson, Constance A. *Disease prevention as Social Change: The State, Society, and Public Health in the United States, France, Great Britain, and Canada* (Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).
* Oettinger, Katherine B. "Title V of the Social Security Act: What it has meant to children." *Social Security Bulletin* 23 (1960): 39-50. online
* Olivarius, Kathryn. "How We Died: Public and Private Health in Early America" *William and Mary Quarterly* 81#1 (2024)  pp.&nbsp;147–154  https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2024.a918184
* Oshinsky, David M. *Polio: an American story* (Oxford UP, 2005) excerpt, Pulitzer Prize.
* Ott, Katherine. *Fevered Lives: Tuberculosis in American Culture Since 1870* (Harvard UP, 1996 ) online
* Perdiguero, Enrique, et al. "History of health, a valuable tool in public health." *Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health* 55.9 (2001): 667-673. online
* Petrzela, Natalia Mehlman. *Fit Nation: The Gains and Pains of America's Exercise Obsession* (2023)
* Quadagno, Jill. "Why the United States has no national health insurance: Stakeholder mobilization against the welfare state, 1945-1996." *Journal of Health and Social Behavior* (2004) v45 extra issue pp.&nbsp;25–44. online
* Ravenel, Mazÿck Porcher, ed. *A half century of public health*  (1921); 19 topical essays by experts covering 1870-1920 in U.S.  online
* Rosen, George. *A history of public health.* (2nd ed. JHU Press, 2015), a major scholarly history with focus on Britain, Germany, France and the U.S.; online.
* Rosenberg, Charles E., and Carroll S.Rosenberg. "Pietism and the Origins of the American Public Health Movement: A Note on John H. Griscom and Robert M. Hartley" *Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences* (1968) 23#1 (1968), pp.&nbsp;16–35 online
* Rosenberg, Charles E. *The cholera years; the United States in 1832, 1849, and 1866* (U of Chicago Press 1962), In-depth study of epidemics.
* Rosner, David, and Gerald Markowitz. * Building the Worlds That Kill Us: Disease, Death, and Inequality in American History* (Columbia UP, 2024); argues disease was worsened by  capitalism, commercial greed, and social injustice.
* Rutkow, Ira M.  *Bleeding Blue and Gray: Civil War Surgery and the Evolution of American Medicine* (Random House, 2005)
* 
* Schneider, Mary-Jane. *Introduction to Public Health* (6th edition, 2021) excerpt
* Sedgwick, W. T. *Principles of sanitary science and the public health : with special reference to the causation and prevention of infectious diseases* (1922) online
* Shapiro, Sam et al.. *Infant, Perinatal, Maternal, and Childhood Mortality in the United States* (Harvard UP, 1968) online ppp.223–267 on public health programs.
* Smith. Susan Lynn. *Sick and Tired of Being Sick and Tired Black Women's Health Activism in America, 1890-1950* (U Pennsylvania Press, 1995)
* Starr, Paul. *The Social Transformation of American Medicine* (Basic Books, 1982). very wide ranging history of American medicine.
* Teller, Michael . *The Tuberculosis Movement : A Public Health Campaign in the Progressive Era* (1988)
** *The American tuberculosis crusade 1889–1917: the rise of a modern health campaign* (Ph D. Dissertation University of Chicago; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,  1985. T-29462)
* Tomes, Nancy. "The private side of public health: sanitary science, domestic hygiene, and the germ theory, 1870-1900." *Bulletin of the History of Medicine* 64.4 (1990): 509-539. online
* Tulchinsky, Theodore H., and Elena A. Varavikova. "A history of public health." *The new public health* (2014): 1-42 doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-415766-8.00001-X, a major scholarly survey.
* Tyor, Peter L., and Jamil S. Zainaldin. “Asylum and Society: An Approach to Institutional Change.” *Journal of Social History*  13#1, 1979, pp.&nbsp;23–48. online
* Ward, John W. and  Christian Warren, eds. *Silent Victories: The history and practice of public health in Twentieth Century America*  (Oxford UP, 2007)  online; Twenty two long scholarly articles. covering full range of. public health topics. in 20th century.
* Whorton, James C.  *Crusaders for Fitness: The History of American Health Reformers* (Princeton UP, 1982)
* Whorton, James C.  *Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America* (2004)
* Wintermute, Bobby A. *Public Health and the US Military : A History of the Army Medical Department, 1818-1917* (Taylor & Francis, 2010) Online at Ebook Central.

### Coğrafiya
* Beach, Brian. "Water Infrastructure and Health in U.S. Cities" *NBER Working Paper 28563* (2021)  DOI 10.3386/w28563
* Blake, John B. *Public Health in the Town of Boston: 1630-1822* (Harvard University Press, 1959),
* Bonner, Thomas N. *The Kansas Doctor: A Century of Pioneering* (Kansas UP, 1959) pp 120–171, argues Kansas was a national leader in public health in 1904-1923.
* Bonner, Thomas N. *Medicine in Chicago: 1850-1950* (1957), pp.&nbsp;175–198.
* 
* Coombs, Jan. "The Health of Central Wisconsin Residents in 1880: A New View of Midwestern Rural Life" *Wisconsin Magazine of History* 68#4 (1985), pp.&nbsp;284–311 online
* Duffy, John.  *A History of Public Health in New York City, 1625–1866* (1968) the major scholarly study; covers sanitation, water supply, food safety, housing, schools, hospitals, diseases, medical care, and the progress of medicine. online 
** Duffy, John. *A History of Public Health in New York City, 1866-1966* (1968) the major scholarly study; covers sanitation, water supply, food safety, housing, schools, hospitals, diseases, medical care, and the progress of medicine. online
* 
* Dwyer, Ellen. *Homes for the mad : life inside two nineteenth-century asylums* (1987) online on upstate New York
* Ellis, John, and Stuart Galishoff. "Atlanta's Water Supply 1865–1918." in *The Physical City* (Routledge, 2013) pp.&nbsp;351–368.
* Ettling, John. *The Germ of Laziness Rockefeller Philanthropy and Public Health in the New South* (Harvard UP, 1981) on eradication of Hookworm
* Galishoff, Stuart. * Newark: the nation's unhealthiest city, 1832-1895* (1988). online
** Galishoff, " Public health in Newark, 1832-1918" (PhD Dissertation, New York University; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,  1969. 7017269).      
** 
* 
* 
* Galishoff, Stuart. "Triumph and failure: the American response to the urban water supply problem, 1860-1923." in *Pollution and reform in American cities, 1870–1930* (1980): 35-58.
* Howard, William Travis. *Public health administration and the natural history of disease in Baltimore, Maryland, 1797-1920* (1924)  online, Comprehensive scholarly history.
*  Koehler, Gottfried. *Annals of health and sanitation in Chicago* (1919) online excerpts from primary sources.
* Koslow, Jennifer. "Public Health" * Encyclopedia of Chicago* (2004) online; with many other articles on public health in Chicago.
* McCandless, Peter. *Moonlight, magnolias, and madness: Insanity in South Carolina from the colonial period to the progressive era* (UNC Press Books, 2013).
* Molina, Natalia. *Fit to be citizens?: public health and race in Los Angeles, 1879-1939* (U of California Press, 2006) online.
*
*  O’Toole, Colleen K. *The Search for Purity: A Retrospective Policy Analysis of the Decision to Chlorinate Cincinnati’s Public Water Supply, 1890–1920* (Garland, 1990)
* 
* Rosenkrantz, Barbara Gutmann. *Public health and the state: changing views in Massachusetts, 1842-1936* (Harvard UP, 1972), a major study of the leading state; online
* 

### Birinci mənbələr
* Brieger, Gert H. ed. *Medical America in the Nineteenth Century: Readings from the Literature* (1972) online
* Bureau of the Census. *Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial times, to 1970.* (1976) chapter B pp.&nbsp;65–86.. online
* Cassedy, James H. "The Roots of American Sanitary Reform 1843–47: Seven Letters from John H. Griscom to Lemuel Shattuck" *Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences* (1975) 30#2 pp.&nbsp;136–147 online
* Falk, I.S. et al. "The costs of medical care: A Summary of Investigations on the Economic Aspects of the Prevention and Care of Illness" (University of Chicago Press 1933), Publications of the Committee on the costs of medical care. #27).  online
* Schneider, Dona, and David E. Lilienfeld, eds. *Public Health: The Development of a Discipline, From the Age of Hippocrates to the Progressive Era* (2008), Long excerpts from. 24 major documents. before 1920, from the United States and United Kingdom. excerpts
**   *Public health: the development of a discipline. Vol. 2 Twentieth century challenges* (2011), covers 1920 to 2010.
* Warner, J.H. and J.A. Tighe,  eds. *Major Problems in the History of American Medicine and Public Health* (2001). short