Wilamaya Patjxa

**Wilamaya patjxa** ukaxa nayra yacimiento aequeologico ukawa altiplano andino titiqaqa quta qawayankiwa (Perú) markana. UKa utjawixa walja altu (3.925m) ukankiwa llatunkawaranqa maranakatwa ukanxa utjatasipxatayna nayra uywa katuri jaqinakaxa.  Uka uraqi chikt´ataxa yatiyasiwa kunjamsa ukanxa nayra jaqinakaxa utjasipxiritayna Ttitiqaqa quta qawayani ukhaxa, ukhamarakiwa, uñachyasiwa kunjamsa sarnaqasipxiritayna ukhamaraki lurapxiritayna uka naraqata jaqinakaxa thayampi ukhamaraki juyphimpi aka patapampa tuqinxa ukana utjirina.

Uka uraqixa maysk´a luma patxankiwa waranqa suxtapataka hectáreas ukankiwa.

Uka irnaqañataki wakisirinakaxa walja qalata lurañanakani materiales ukaniwa, qalatakhitutanaka, jach´a uywa ch´akanaka ukhamaraki chupika laq´a. Janiwa ñiq´ita lurata ceramicas ukhamaraki arquitectura permanente ukaxa utjkiti, ukaxa saña muniwa nayrapachaxa utjasirinakapaxa sariri jaqinakiritaynawa. Pawaranqa tunka kimsaqallquni marana excavaciones arqueológicas uraqi jat´´iwinakaxa uñachayasiwa kunaymana sarnaqawinaka utjatapa ukankiwa jaqinaka allintata suxta jaqinakawa uñasia. Fechas de radiocarno ukataypitwa yatisixa paya jaqi chakanakwa yatisixa ukaxa utjiritaynaxa jaya llatunka waranqa ukhamasa kimsaqallqu waranqa apaqallqu pataka 9.000 - 8.700 BP maranakanwa utjasipxiritaynaxa. 

Wilamaya Patjxa allintawinaka uñachayataxa warminaka allintawiwa (WMP6) ukhamaraki yaqhaxa chachana (WMP1) ukawa, sapa mayniwa jach´a uywanaka katuñataki lurañanakawa. Uka yatisaxa, uka aylluna utjasirinakaxa uka jaqinakaruxa sutichapxiwa Warawara ukhamasa Phaxsi sasina. Uka uñanchawinakaxa amuyayasiwa jupanakaxa jach´a uywa katurinakiripachawa,  ukanakawa yanapixa kunjamsa nayrapachaxa jaqinakaxa uywa katurinakatayna utxa, ukamatwa yatiraktanxa kunjamataynasa chachati jani ukaxa warmicha uka yatiñatakisa nayra utjasiri jaqinakana, kunjamakitixa jichhapachanakaxa manqanaka pallasiri jaqinakampi. Paya uru saraqata jalluqallta phaxsixa pawaranqa patunka mayani maranxa, Ministerio de Cultura ukaxa peruano markanxa Warawarana ukhamaraki Phaxsina lurawinakapxa uñt´ayiwa Patrimonio Cultural de la Nacion ukhama.

## Warawara
Warawaraxa tawaqu warminawa kunaymana uywa katuñanaka yanakapampi allintataa niya llatunkawaranqa maranakanipachawa ukaxa Wilamaya Patjxa ukankiwa. Warawaraxa sañmuniwa estrella castilla arukxa ukhamsasawa ukawjana utjasiri jaqinakaxa sutiyasipxi, uñstawipatpacha kunayrasatixa yatisi jaqi jiwata allintawipata (WMP 6) ukhama.

Paya wakt´ayawi maranakapa yatiñataki ch´akana pharphaparu yatiyasixa uka allintawixa apaspachanawa llatunka waranqa marata niya kinsaqallqu waranqa paqallqu pataka maranakana. Uka análisis proteómicos ukhamaraki chakanaka uñxatawitwa uñachayiwa ukawa warmiwa ukhmasa niya tunka paqallquni jani ukaxa tunka llatunkani maranipachawa ukxa kunawrasatixa jiwawaypacha ukaxa.

Uka jaqi allintata p´iyanakaxa, jaytpacha, wali wakisiri  Wilamay Patjxa uraqita allsuta  lurawinakawa ukhamasa Soro Mik´aya Patjxa jak´ankiwa. Walja lurawinaka jakiwixa jach´a uywanaka katuña lurawinkapachanawa. Apnaqaspachanawa uka phisqa puntani q´axchañanaka ukanakawa jach´a uywaka warinaka ukhamasa taruca katuñataki apnaqasityanaxa, kunjamakitixa aka utjawisanakana ukhama. Examen microscopico ukataypita uñjata uka wali puntani arinakaxa apnaqasinawa uywanaka jiwayañataki janiwa khariñataki ukhamasa imt´´añatakinati. Uka qalata lurawinakaxa waljanakanawa liphichita t´awra apaqañataki, lascas, qhariñanaka, ari k´utañanaka, guijarros ukhamasa chupika laqanaka, ukanakaxa uywanaka aychanaka imañatakiñapachanawa. Uka walja apthapita jach´a uywanaka katuña lurañanakaxa warmina apnaqataxa uñjayasiwa warmiwa uywa katuripachanaxa. Uka ch´umsuwi amtawiru purisixa nayra sarnaqawinaka uñxatasisa, kawkintixa uka lurañanakaxa apnaqasitaynawa jakawipata jiwañapkama ukatwa jiwañaparu allintataxa.

Samana yant´awinaka ullasisawa Warawarana ch´akapanxa aka pata pampa tuqina utjasitapawa yatisi. Uka carbono ukhamaraki nitrógeno ukanakampi mara yatiñatakixa, ukhamaraki arqueobotánicos ukhamasa zooarqueológicos ukanakanmoi kiktataxa uñachayasiwa manqañanakapaxa pampa quranakiritaynawa ukhamasa aychaxa niya patakatsipanxa patunka jukha manqapxiritaynaxa.

## Phaxsi
Phaxsixa jila marani chachawa niya llatunkamarawa allintataxixa uka Wilamaya  muqu patxana ukana. Phaxsi ukaxa castilla arutxa “luna” sañmunixa uka sutwa aylluna utjasirinakaxa uchasipxixa uka jaqi jintila jakisinxa Individuo Funerari 1 (WMP1) ukaru.

Radiocarbono ch´aka pharpha uñxatisinwa uka uraqiru allintawinakaxa apaspachanawa niya llatunka waranqa marata kimsaqallqu paqallqu pataka marakama ukhamasa, uksipanxa, ukaxa niya warawarampi chika maranakawa. Análisis proteomicos ukhamaraki osteologicos ukana uñakipasawa Phaxsixa chachanawa ukhamasa patunka phisqani marata kimsa tunka marankama kunawrasatixa jiwkana ukapachaxa.

Uka jaqixa paya aripunta ukanakaru waykatatanawa, ukatxa janiwa qhanakanati uka luraña yanakaxa amayanaka imañaxa jani ukaxa uywanaka katuña q´axchañanakanacha ukaxa. Uka examen microscopico ukawa qhanañchaspaxa ari qalanakati jani ukaxa lurañanaka yanakacha ukxa ukhamasa manynixa khariñatakiwa apnaqasitaynaxa.

Isotópos ch´akanaka samanaka ullasinwa yatisixa Phaxsixa wali altu patapampatuqina utjasitapa. Uka isotopos  estables decarbono ukhamasa notrógeno, ukanakaxa arqueobotánicos ukhamasa zooarqueológicos ukanakampi challtata, jupanakana manqañanakaxa pamapa quranakanawa ukhamasa aycha manqaxa niya 20% ukhakirakinawa.

## Maqañanakapa apthapita
Wilamaya Patjxa ukhamasa Doro Mik´aya Patjxa ukawjanakana utjiri jaqinakanxa apthapipsnawa kunjamanasa maqanakapa ukanaka. Paqallqu jaqinakata química isotopos estables ukanaka uñxatasina Wilamaya Patjxana uñachayasiwa niya 80% ukhawa pampa quranakataynaxa ukhamaraki 20% ukharaki aychanaka.  Uka phichantata pampa quranakaxa yatiyasiwaka kuna manq´anakasa utjana uka apharunakawa wakisiri manqapanaxa phuqutanaka manqa sipanxa. Uywa ch´akanaka ukawjana jakitanakaxa qawrauywanakankiwa jilpachaxa (uksipanxa warinakana) maysk´anakaraki tarukanakana. Janiwa chwlla ch´akanakaxa jakiskiti, jamachinakansa ukhamaraki yaqha sarnaqiri uywanakansa. Ukawjana jaktapiwinakanwa yatiychituxa maqañanakapaxa walxa chuxña pampa qurantwa manqapxiritayna, ukhamasa jach´a uywanakaxa awispaxa qullqi jalaqayañatakiwa Wilamaya Patjxa  jaqinakataki khaya llatunkawaranqa maranakatpacha aka patapampa tuqina.

## Jist´awinaka sarnaqawipa
Pawaranqa tunka kimsani marana Soro Mik´aya Patjxa ukana uraqi jat´iwinakatxa, Albino Pilco Quispe uka jilataxa (Mulla Fasiri uka aylluna utjasiri ukhamasa arqueología proyectonaka yanapirinawa walja pachanaka) jupaxa yatiyanawa Randy Haas uka arqueologo (Universidad de Wyoming) ukaruxa walja lurañataki yanaka uka Mulla Fasiri uka tuqina jakitanakata. Uka kurañataki yanaka uñxatasinwa yatipsnaxa kawki maranakapachasa  uka componente del Periodo Arcaico Temprano (11,7-9,0 ka) ukhamaxa, uksipanxa, ukaxa walikhusawa nayra jaqinakata yatiñatakixa Titicaca quta qawayana utjasirinakana. Universidad Davis de California ukana yanapawipampi, arqueólogos ukhamasaki Mulla Fasiri aylluna utjasirinakana jupanakawa uraqi jat´ipxiritayna khaya pawaranqa tunka kimsaqallquni marana ukhamaraki patunka tunka llatunkani marana. Uka uraqina sutipaxa uñstiwa aymara tunu aruta.

## Cobertura mediática
Wilamaya Patjxa ukana jakisiwinakaxa walja huayra wasinakanwa yatiyawinakapaxa ist´atanawa, ukasa el New York Times ukankarakinawa, El País ukana, National Geographic ukansa y National Public Radio ukhamaraki. National Geographic ukaxa qillqiwa: ",Ma uywa katuri warmina nayra sarnaqawinakapawa yatisi kunjamsa warminakaxa sarnaqiritayna uka". Forbes uka yatiyawixa qillqiwa: " Jni juchachamti nayra awkinakasaru jani walt´´awinka utjawita, nayra warminakaxa uywanakakxa katurakiritaynawa walja jach´a uywanaka". El New York Times ukaxa yatiyanawa "Nayra yatiyawinakaxa uñt´aychituwa Perú markana ma tawaquna uywa katurina sarnaqawipa", ukatxa "jist´irinakaxa naiwa suma amtawiru puripkiti kunjamsa uka uñstawinakaxa nayra pachanxa utjiritayna ukanaka, kawkintixa chacha warmixa sarawiniritanyna ukxa".

## Sixsuwita siwsawi:  Puno suyuna nayra sallqa uywanaka katuri jaqinaka
Jicha 2025 maraxa, del Embajador  para la Preservación Cultural de la Embajada de los Estados Unidos ukana Perú  markana, Mulla Fasiri aylluna jaqinakapampi  ukhamaraki Peruano  arqueólogos  ukhamasa estadosunidenses  ukampi yanapt´awipampixa qillqalxiwa aka panka juk´aki ukhamasa sixsuta nayrapacha amtañataki Wilamaya Patjxa sarnaqawi  arquelogia  tuqita, etnografia ukhamasa aymara yatiwinakata.

Uka sarnaqawixa  ma wilamasitawa khitinakatixa maqañanaka thaqasawa sarnaqapxiritayna ukhamasa Wilamaya Patjxa ukana jakasipxiritayna  khaya  paqallquwaranka maranakana.   Ayllutuqinxa janiwa ´ch´ulla wariksa katjapkataynati walja pohaxsinaka  ukatxa munapxanawa liphichinaka isisiñataki  uka altutuqinakanxa wali thayataynawa. Ukatxa mayawruwa, waynpacha  chachawarmixa, Warawara ukhamasa Phaxsi, Fasiri qulluruwa makatapxana ukatxa ukanwa paya achachi warinaka katjanipxatayna  estolicas ukanakampi. Ukatxa, janira amuyaskasina, ma isk´a wariqallu janiawkini taykani jaytapxi. Kunawrasatixa ikiñawjaru kutt´anxapxi ukaxa, phuchapaxa, wiskachita ukaxa, jani jiwaykañaniti sasawa mayt´asinaxa, ukatxa ayllutuqinxa aychapa, lip´ichipsa wali munapxanaxa. Uksipanxa, aruma chiqaruxa, Warawaraxa ukhamasa phaxsisa tawrapwa khuchurapxana ukhamasa chullwa p´isupxanaxa uka t´awrampixa, qhipanta uruxa ukwa maisk´a wawaruxa churapxanaxa uka wawasti janiwa ch´ullunikanati. Ukamwa, jaqinakaruxa aka uwxa munapxtanwa sasa amuyuyana wariqallu uywasiskañataki. Uka pachatwa,  wariwawaxa ayllunkiri jaqinakampixa qamasxixa ukaxa nayraqata uywawa walja tama qhipanakana utxana taqi ayllutukinakankiriru tawrapampi yanapañataki suma thayapatxana utjasiñataki.

Akiri pankaxa kimsa arunakata qillqatawa: (aymara, español ukhamasa Ingles), aymararu jaqukipiwa Dilma Velasquez Llano (Puno) ukhamasa Sixsurakiwa Sandro Edwin Alania Pari (Ilave). Qillqaña Rafael Valdez E.I.R.L. (Lima). WyoScholar de la Universidad de Wyoming ukanxa utjiwa digitales qillqata apaqata inaki apaqaña janiwa qullqitakikiti https://doi.org/10.15786/wyoscholar/10062 ukhamasa jakismawa walja qillqata apaqatanaka yatiyawinaka.

## Uñxatarikismawa yaqhampi
    • Jiskairumoko
    • Qillqatani
    • Soro Mik'aya Patjxa

## Yaqha yatiyawinaka
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*Lindo, John; Haas, Randall; Hofman, Courtney; Apata, Mario; Moraga, Mauricio; Verdugo, Ricardo A.; Watson, James T.; Viviano Llave, Carlos; Witonsky, David; Beall, Cynthia; Warinner, Christina; Novembre, John; Aldenderfer, Mark; Di Rienzo, Anna (2018). "The genetic prehistory of the Andean highlands 7000 years BP though European contact". Science Advances. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). 4 (11): eaau4921. .
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*Ministerio de Cultura, Peru (2021) Resolución Viceministerial N° 000281-2021-VMPCIC/MC.
*Ocobock, Cara; Lacy, Sarah (2023) "Woman the hunter: The physiological evidence." American Anthropologist. .
*Mamani Flores, Alberto, Néstor Condori Flores, Bertha Maquera Flores, Néstor Condori Flores, Rogelio Mamani Flores, Nery Beatriz Coaquira Choque, Edy Stanler Mamani Contreras, Belinia Ayma Maquera, Ronaldo Rudyard Condori Pilco, Sara Mariela Flores Coaquira, Luis Rubén Pilco Coaquira, Jhon Álex Condori Flores, Emily Camila Flores Coaquira, Érika Claudia Flores Coaquira, Virginia Incacoña Huaraya, Mateo Incacoña Huaraya, Cecilia Chávez Justo, Luis Ángel Flores Blanco, Elizabeth A. Klarich, Mark S. Aldenderfer, Sandro Alania Pari, Dilma Velásquez Llano and Randall Haas 2025  Los cazadores de Puno | the hunters of Puno | Puno suyuna nayra sallqa uywanaka katuri jaqinaka. Rafael Ediciones, Lima. 
*Smallwood, Ashley; Haas, Randall; Jennings, Thomas (2023) "Lithic usewear analysis confirms the function of Wilamaya Patjxa projectile points." Scientific Reports 2023. .

## Qillqawinaka