Tenochtitlan

**Mijiku-Tenochtitlan** (, ), **Tenochtitlan** ukham uñt'atawa, ukhamarak khaysa Texcoco qutankiwa, Mexico qhirwa uraqina. 20 uru mara t'aqa phaxsin 1325 maran utt'asinitayna, ukhamarak Aztecanakan chikja markapataynawa, kunawsatix q'ara ispañul jaqinakax purinipkatayn ukürkama,1521.

Jichhurunxa Tenochtitlan luratanakax Mejiku chuyma markankapuniwa. Ukhamarak Tenochtitlan Tlatelolco ukampix pä Nahua *āltēpetl* (markanaka) quta taypin markapxataynawa. 

## Uñstatapa
Tenochtitlan ukax pä Nahuatl  arut jutatayna, mayax *tetl* ("qarqa") yaqhirist *nōchtli*  ("ch'aphin pirasa"), ukhamat jupanakpachax "ch'aphin pirasaw qarqanak taypin jilaski" sasaw yatichasipxiritayna. 

## Kawkhankatapa

Tenochtitlan uka markax 8-13.5 kilumitrunakataynawa, Texcoco quta inti jalanttuqina. Alayat aynachkamataynawa, alaytuqtixa Taltelolco ukaw jant'anakkamaw puritayna, ukapachanxa uka jant'anakax k'achat k'achat uraqiptaskatayna.   

Markax qutanjam thakhi luratanakanitaynawa, uka thakhinakax alaytuqiru, aynachtuqiru ukhamarak intijalanttuqir mistkiritaynawa. Uka thakhinakax chakanakan luratataynawa, ukhamat umas jan ukax wutinakas ch'usak mistsupxañanakapataki. Ukhamarak uka thakhinakax ums markarux jark'aqarakiritaynawa. Aka markax kayukis jan ukax wutits taqituqirus sarañxamakitaynawa. 

Markarux pä jach'a qhich'anakaw puriniritayna, sapamayax 4 kilumitrutaynawa. Chapultepec ukhatpach umx irpanipxirityana. Uka umax juk'ampis q'umachasiñatak t'axsusiñatakiritaynawa. Umañatakix qullunakat suma jalsu umanak irpanipxiritayna. Jaqinakax uka markanx paykutiw urunx jarisipxiritayna, nämakis jilir irpirix (Moctezuma) pus kutiw urunx jarisiritayna. Ukhamarak janchi jarisiñatakix alinakan saphipampiw jarisipxiritayna, uka alix *copalxocotl* (*Saponaria americana*) sutinitaynawa, uka pachparak isinak t'axsuñatakix *metl* (*Agave americana*) sat alin saphipampirakiw t'axsusipxiritayna. Juk'ampis marka irpirinakan wilamasinakapamp ukhamarak usur warminakampix *temazcalli (jach'a jarisiñ lamanxamataynawa)* sat jarisiñ lamanan jarisipxiritayna*.* 

## Marka
Markax pusir jaljatänawa; sapa jaljaw 20r jaljasitayna (*calpullis*, Nahuatl *calpōlli*); sapa *calpulli*, jan ukax 'jach'a uta'w thakhinitayna (*tlaxilcalli*) uñkat uñkatasi. Kimsa jach'a thakhiw markx thiyat thiy mistsüna. Sapamayaw uka qutanjam thakhir uraqir mistsuñatak uñtayäna, Tepeyac, Ixtapalpa, ukhamarak Tlacopan tuqinakaru.  Bernal Díaz del Castillo jaqix uka thakhinakax tunka kawallunjam sarañanakjamanaw sasaw qillqt'awayatayna. Thakhi thiyanakanx quta patxan pankaranakaw wal panqarrantiritayna, quqanakas alinakas achurakiritaynawa. C*alpullis* jan ukax jach'a utanakax jisk'a jawirjamanakan jaljatataynawa, ukax wutinakan apnaqañapatakitaynawa, ukhamarak chakanakapas lawat lurt'ataraki, uka chakanakax arumax apthapiñaxataynawa. 

Aka mark lurat jamuqanakax Europa markanx Augsburg ukan kahaya 1522 uñacht'ayasitayna.

### Qhatu

Sapa *calpulli* jan ukax jach'a utan qhatupax (*tiyanquiztli*) utjiritayna, ukhamarak yaqha jach'a qhatuw Tlatelolco ukanx utjatayna – Tenochtitlan kullak markapataynawa. Cortés q'ara jaqix nä pä Salamanca (ispañ markana) markarukaspas ukham amuyatayna, ukatx 60,000 jaqinakas sapür uka markanx qamapkaspax ukham amuyt'atayna. Bernardino de Sahagún jupax  20,000 sapürux ukat 40,000 jaqinakakaspas phunchäw urunakanx ukham amuyarakitayna. Qhatut parlkasinx yaqhawjanakanx wali sum jach'a qhatunakaw Mexico ukanx utjiritayna. 

### Markawj utachatanaka

Marka chikawjanx marka iprtañ utanaka, yupaychañ utanaka, irpirin utanakapaw utachatatayna.  Jach'a palas chikawjanx luqtañatak luratataynawa. Ukhamipanx uka chikawjanx nä 45 jach'a utanakaw utjatayna: Templo Mayor, ukax Aztecan tatitupataynawa, Huitzilopochtli sutini; ukatx Quetzalcoatl utaraki, ukax jallu puriyiritaynawa; *tlachtli* (t'ixit anatañ uta); Inti uta, Tonatiuh sutini; paka uta, ukax ch'axwirinakan utapa, ukhamarak kamachinak luririnakan utapa ukhamataynawa.

Moctezuma jach'a irpirin utapax 100 utanitaynawa, sapa mä utanx irnaqañan yanapirinakapaw utt'atiritayna. Uka jak'anakanx q'uchuñ utas *cuicalli* sutin utjarakitaynawa.

Markax wali suma lurt'atapunitaynawa, janiw aliqak kawkharus utachnuqupxirikataynati. Mayni *calmimilocatl* sutin utjiritayna, jupaw marka utanak utachasipxañanakapatakix iyawsirityana.

### II Moctezuman utapa
Moctezuma II uka irpirin utapanx pä jach'a jamach'inak uywanak uywañ utaw utjatayna. Mayïrixa, paka jamach'inakatakitaynawa, maynïrist yaqha jamach'inakataki, yaqha uywanakampitakitaynawa. Uka utanxa, nä 300 jaqiw uñjapxirityana (manq'ayañataki, pichañataki).  

Ukhamarak uka utapanxa, pankar yapump challwanak uywañ jisk'a qutampiw utjatayna. Umax jayun umamp suma ch'uwa umaw utjatayna. Ukapachpanakax Texcoco, Chapultepec, Huaxtepec ukhamarak Texcotzingo uksanakan utjatayna. 

## Markachirinaka
Tenochtitlan uka markanx kunayman jaqinakaw qamapxatayna: irpirinakax yaqhataynawa (*Teteuctin*), arkirinakax (*pipiltin*) yaqharaki, ch'axwirinaka (*Cuauhipiltin*), markachirinaka (*macehualtin*), yanapasirinaka (*Tlacohtin*), ukjarux qamirinaka (*Pochteca*) jupanakax phuñchawinakan wal manq'anak taqinitak wakichapxiritayna. Utanakapax jakäwinakaparjam utachatarakiritaynawa.  

## Nayrapachatpacha

Tenochtitlan uka markax Mijiku uka markan nayratpach markachirinakapataynawa, 1325 uka maranakan utjnuqasitayna. Uka markachirinakax tatitunakapan yatiyäwinakaparuw arkapxiritayna, kawkinxay mä pakax asiru katjchini, ukawjaruw markax utt'ayatäni, sasin jupanakax sarayasipxatayna. Mexica jupaw ukham samkatayna, ukax Texcoco qutaruw wakt'atayna. Ukan utanak quta patxar utachañ qallantapxatayna. Ukhamat uraqix wañt'añapataki.

Tenochtitlan markax wali jach'a ch'aman markapuniw tukutayna. Uka markax jach'a thakhinakani, alakipanakas aksat uksat saririnaka ukhamaw taqituqir jilantapxatayna. Ukhamat jach'a lamar qutanakans sarantapxiritayna, inas Inkanakampis chikañchasipxchïna, sasaw yaqhip yatxatatanakax sapxi. 

Ukhamaruw ispañul Hernán Cortés sutin q'ara jaqinakax Tenochtitlan uksarux 8 lapak phaxsit, 1519 maran purintapxatayna. Ukapachanx nä 300,000 jaqinakaw ukanx mirantxatayna, ukapachanx uraqpachat wali jach'a markataynawa. Europa markanx Paris, Venice uka markanakjamanaw sasaw yatxatirinakax sapxi. Londres markax ukapachax wali jisk'akitaynawa, phisqha ukch'arutaynaw Tenochtitlan markaxa. Yaqhipanakax inas 350,000, ukha jaqiniskchin sapxiwa. 

### Cortés jaqin purinitapata

Cortés jaqi puritapar katuqañanx pantasipxataynawa. II Moctezuma uka irpirix wali sum q'ara jaqinakarux katuqatayna, janiw jiwayirinakarjam katuqapkataynati. Quetzalcoatl tatitupachaw sasaw katuqapxatayna. Markapanak muytayapxatayna, irpirinak thiy irpapxatayna, ukham katuqapxatayna. 

Tata Cortés jupax qhispillunak irpirin kunkaparux ajuntatayna. Ukhamar ispañul q'ara jaqinakax qurik thaqhapxäna. Tatiturjam uñjasax kunxay Cortesax maychin ukx phuqhapxanawa.

Ukham sum katuqayasisin ch'axwañx qalltawayapxi. Ukhamat Moctezuma irpirirus katuntawayapxaraki.

### Ispañul jan wali jaqinak purxatata
Cortés jaqix Tenochtitlan markachirinakarux 75 urunakaw manq'at jiwarayäna. Ukhamat ispañul q'ara amuyump mark tukjañataki. Ukjarux ispañul utrak utachsuyasitayna. 

### Laqayanaka

Tenochtitlan uka markax jichhürunakanx laqayar tukuyatawa. Ispañul q'ara jaqinakaw uka markx q'al tukjawayapxatyana, uraq manqhar chhaqtayañkama. 

Ukhat qhipa maranakaruw uka nayra Tenochtitlan markan utanachatanakapx katurasipki. Katurasinsti, allsusin mayamp yatxatirinakaw utjnuqayasipki. 

Jichhürunxa Mijiku markan ispañulan utachatanakapax kawkinkäntix Tenochtitlan taypi utapax ukharuw q'aranakax utachayasipxatayna.

## Ukjarux uñjatarakispawa
* List of megalithic sites
* List of Mesoamerican pyramids
* History of Mexico City

## Yapxatäwinaka

## Yatxatatanaka

## Juk'amp uñarañataki
* Calnek, Edward. "Settlement Pattern and Chinampa Agriculture at Tenochtitlan." *American Antiquity* 37.1. (1973) 190-95.
* Calnek, Edward. "El sistema de mercado en Tenochtitlan." In *Economía política e ideología en el México prehispánico*. Eds. Pedro Carrasco and Johanna Broda, pp.&nbsp;97–114. Mexico City: Centro de Investigaciones Superiores del Instituto de Antropología e Historia, 1978.
* Calnek, Edward. "Tenochtitlan in the Early Colonial Period." Acts of the XLII International Congress of Americanists 8, 1976 (1979) 35-40.
* Calnek, Edward. "Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco: the Natural History of a City." In *El Urbanismo en Mesoamérica/Urbanism in Mesoamerica*, vol. 1. edited by W.T. Sanders et al., 149-202. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia; University Park: Pennsylvania State University 2003.
* 
* Mundy, Barbara E. "Mapping the Aztec Capital: the 1524 Nuremberg Map of Tenochtitlan, Its Sources and Meanings." *Imago Mundi* 50 (1998), 1-22.
* Mundy, Barbara E. "Place-Names in Mexico-Tenochtitlan." *Ethnohistory* 61 (2) Spring 2014. 329-355.
* Mundy, Barbara E. *The Death of Aztec Tenochtitlan, the Life of Mexico City*. Austin: University of Texas Press 2015.
* Toussaint, Manuel, Federico Gómez de Orozco, and Justino Fernández, *Planos de la Ciudad de México*. XVI Congreso Internacional de Planificación y de la Habitación. Mexico City: Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 1938.
* Townsend, Richard F. *State and Cosmos in the Art of Tenochtitlan*. Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archeology 20. Washington D.C., Dumbarton Oaks 1979.

## Anqäx chhitthapinaka
* Tenochtitlan Entry in The Visual History Project