Маданият

**Маданият**, ялъуни **култура** ккола гӀамм гьабулеб термин, жинца гӀадамазул жамгӀиятазе хасиятал жамгӀияб гӀамал, интитутал ва нормаби, гьединго лъаял, диниял божиял, гьунарлъаби, къанунал, гӀадатал, гьел къокъабазда ругел индивидазул хасиятал ва ругьунлъаби гъорлӀе рачунеб.   

ГӀадамазе маданият щола инкултурациялъул ва социализациялъул лъайщвеялъул процессаздасан, гьелъие нугӀлъи гьабула батӀи-батӀиял жамгӀиятазда ругел батӀи-батӀиял маданиятаз. 

Маданияб нормаялъ кодгъинабула жамгӀияталда букӀине бегьулеб гӀамал-хасият; гьеб букӀуна ориентирлъун гӀамалалъе, рукӀа-рахъиналъе, ретӀел-тӀеххалъе, мацӀалъе ва ситуациялъе, жал жамгӀияб къокъаялда хьуллъиялъул халиплъун рукӀунеб. ЖамгӀияталда гӀицӀго монокултура босиялъулӀ букӀине бегьула риск, гьединго гӀадин, жидеде функционалияб реакция гьечӀолъиялъ, сверухълъиялъул хисиялда цебе батӀагояб тайпаги къине бегьула. 

## Сипаткьей

## Этимология

## Хиси

## Антропология

## Социология

## ЦӀех-рехелал

## Психология

## Маданият цӀуни

## Ралагье гьединго

## МугъчӀваял

## ТӀадеги цӀалиялъе
### ТӀахьал
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* "Adolf Bastian", Encyclopædia Britannica Online, January 27, 2009
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* Arnold, Matthew. 1869. ''Culture and Anarchy.''  New York: Macmillan. Third edition, 1882, available online. Retrieved: 2006-06-28.
* Bakhtin, M.M. (1981) *[https://books.google.com/books?id=JKZztxqdIpgC The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays]*. Ed. Michael Holquist. Trans. Caryl Press. .
* Barzilai, Gad. 2003. *Communities and Law: Politics and Cultures of Legal Identities* University of Michigan Press. 
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* Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. *Outline of a Theory of Practice.* Cambridge University Press. 
* Michael C. Carhart, *The Science of Culture in Enlightenment Germany*, Cambridge, Harvard University press, 2007.
* Cohen, Anthony P. 1985. *The Symbolic Construction of Community.* Routledge: New York,
* Dawkins, R. 1982. *[[The Extended Phenotype|The Extended Phenotype: The Long Reach of the Gene.]]* Paperback ed., 1999. Oxford Paperbacks. 
* Findley & Rothney. *Twentieth-Century World* (Houghton Mifflin, 1986)
* Geertz, Clifford. 1973. *The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays*. New York. .
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* Goodall, J. 1986. *The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior.* Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 
* Hoult, T.F., ed. 1969. *Dictionary of Modern Sociology*. Totowa, New Jersey, United States: Littlefield, Adams & Co.
* Jary, D. and J. Jary. 1991. *The HarperCollins Dictionary of Sociology.* New York: HarperCollins. 
* Keiser, R. Lincoln 1969. *The Vice Lords: Warriors of the Streets*. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. .
* Kroeber, A.L. and C. Kluckhohn, 1952. *Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions.* Cambridge, Massachusetts: Peabody Museum
* Kim, Uichol (2001). "Culture, science and indigenous psychologies: An integrated analysis." In D. Matsumoto (Ed.), *Handbook of culture and psychology.* Oxford: Oxford University Press
* McClenon, James. "Tylor, Edward B(urnett)". *Encyclopedia of Religion and Society*. Ed. William Swatos and Peter Kivisto. Walnut Creek: AltaMira, 1998. 528–29.
* Middleton, R. 1990. *Studying Popular Music*. Philadelphia: Open University Press. .
* O'Neil, D. 2006. Cultural Anthropology Tutorials , Behavioral Sciences Department, Palomar College, San Marco, California. Retrieved: 2006-07-10.
* Reagan, Ronald. "Final Radio Address to the Nation" , January 14, 1989. Retrieved June 3, 2006.
* Reese, W.L. 1980. *Dictionary of Philosophy and Religion: Eastern and Western Thought.* New Jersey U.S., Sussex, U.K: Humanities Press.
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* UNESCO. 2002. Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, issued on International Mother Language Day, February 21, 2002. Retrieved: 2006-06-23.
* White, L. 1949. *The Science of Culture: A study of man and civilization.* New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
* Wilson, Edward O. (1998). *[[Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge]].* Vintage: New York. .
* Wolfram, Stephen. 2002 *[http://www.wolframscience.com/nksonline A New Kind of Science].* Wolfram Media, Inc. .

### Макъалаби
* The Meaning of "Culture" (2014-12-27), Joshua Rothman, *[[The New Yorker]]*

## ХъватӀисел регӀелал

* ''Cultura: International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology'' 
* What Is Culture?