Christopher Hill

**John Edward Christopher Hill**  foi un prominente historiador británicu, d'enclín marxista.

## Biografía
**Christopher Hill**, nome col que roblaba y ye citáu, ingresó nel Balliol College, Oxford en 1931. En 1932 llogró'l Premiu Lothian, y ganó un grau d'honor de primer clase. Dos años más tarde llogró'l *All Souls Prize Fellowship*. Más tarde, en Balliol, Hill averar al marxismu ya ingresó nel Partíu Comunista. Pasó l'añu 1935 na Xunión Soviética.

A la so vuelta de Moscú, trabayó en Balliol como *fellow* y tutor d'historia moderna. En 1940 foi comisionado como teniente na Infantería Llixera de Oxford y Bucks. Mientres la Segunda Guerra Mundial ingresó na intelixencia militar. Por esa dómina, Hill empezó a publicar los sos artículos sobre la hestoria d'Inglaterra nel sieglu XVII, tomando parte nun bancia ente historiadores marxistes de 1940.

En 1946, Hill y munchos otros historiadores marxistes formaron el Grupu d'historiadores del Partíu Comunista. Sicasí, llueu quedó descontentu cola falta de democracia interna del Partíu Comunista, dexándolo en 1956 (añu de la invasión soviética d'Hungría), dempués del refugu d'unu de los sos informes.

Dempués de 1957, la carrera de Hill entró en fase ascendente. Los sos estudios sobre la hestoria d'Inglaterra nel sieglu XVII fueron llargamente sopelexaos y reconocíos. En 1965, foi escoyíu rector de Balliol, cargu que caltuvo hasta 1978 en que se retiró (siendo sustituyíu por Anthony Kenny). Ente los sos discípulos d'esti periodu tuvo Brian Manning.

La mayor parte de la obra de Christopher Hill trata del procesu conocíu como Revolución Inglesa, y caltuvo un notable intercambiu intelectual con historiadores d'enclín marxista colos que-y xuníen puntos de contautu pero tamién de diverxencia, tanto políticamente como en cuestiones historiográfiques y metodolóxiques en redol al materialismu históricu; como fueron Eric Hobsbawm y Edward Palmer Thompson. Tamién caltuvo alderiques con autores alloñaos del marxismu, como Trevor-Roper.

Ente les sos obres más reseñables atópense *Economic Problems of the Church* (1955), *Puritanism And Revolution* (1958), *Intelectual Origins of the English Revolution* (1965 y revisáu en 1996), *The Century of Revolution* (1961), *AntiChrist In 17th-century England* (1971), *The World Turned Upside Down* (El mundu trastornado)(1972) y munches otres.

Morrió'l 23 de febreru de 2003, 18 díes dempués del so 91 cumpleaños. Taba casáu y tenía tres fíos.

## Obres
**The English Revolution, 1640* (1940), (1987 reprint) (On-line text at Marxists.org). >> Tr: *La revolución inglesa, 1680*, Anagrama, 1978.
**Lenin and the Russian Revolution* (1947). >> Tr: *La revolución rusa*, Ariel, 1990.
**Economic Problems of the Church: From Archbishop Whitgift to the Long Parliament* (1956).
**Puritanism and Revolution: Studies in Interpretation of the English Revolution of the 17th Century* (1958).
**The Century of Revolution, 1603-1714* (1961). >> Tr: *El sieglu de la revolución*, Endymion, 1992.
**Society and Puritanism in Pre-Revolutionary England* (1964).
**Intelectual Origins of the English Revolution* (1965, rev. 1997). >> Tr: *Los oríxenes intelectuales de la revolución inglesa*, Crítica, 1980.
**Reformation to Industrial Revolution: A Social and Economic History of Britain, 1530-1780* (1967, rev. 1969). >> Tr: * de la reforma a la revolución industrial*, Ariel, 1991.
**God's Englishman: Oliver Cromwell and the English Revolution* (1970). 
**Antichrist in Seventeenth-Century England* (1971, rev. ed. 1990). 
**The World Turned Upside Down: Radical Idees During the English Revolution* (1972).. >> Tr: *Mundu trastornado: ideariu popular estremista en revolución inglesa*, Sieglu XXI, 1983. 
**Change and Continuity in Seventheenth-Century England* (1974, rev. 1991). 
**Milton and the English Revolution* (1977).
**The Experience of Defeat: Milton and Some Contemporaries* (1984). 
**The Collected Essays of Christopher Hill* (3 vols.)
**Writing and Revolution in 17th Century England* (1985). 
**Religion and Politics in 17th Century England* (1986).
**People and Idees in 17th Century England* (1986).
**A Turbulent, Seditious, and Factious People: John Bunyan and His Church, 1628-1688* (1988).
**A Nation of Change and Novelty: Radical Politics, Religion and Literature in Seventeenth-Century England* (1990).
**The English Bible and the Seventeenth-Century Revolution* (1993).

## Referencies
*Acocoro, Pietro "Christopher Hill y la rivoluzione inglese: itinerariu di unu storico" pages 129-158 from *Societá y Storia*, Volume 13, 1990. 
*Clark, J.C.D. *Revolution and Rebellion: State and Society in England in the Seventheeth and Eighteenth Centuries*, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. 
*Davis, J.C. *Myth and History: The Ranters and the Historians*, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. 
*Eley, Geoff and Hunt, William (editors) *Reviving the English Revolution: Reflections and Elaborations on the Work of Christopher Hill*, London: versu, 1988. 
*Fulbrook, Mary "The English Revolution and the Revisionist Revolt" pages 249-264 from *Social History*, Volume 7, 1982. 
*Hexter, J.H. "The Burden of Proof", *Times Literary Supplement*, October 24, 1975. 
*Hobsbawm, Eric "`The Historians Group' of the Communist Party" from *Rebels and Their Causes: Essays in Honor of A.L. Morton*, edited by Maurice Cornforth, London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1978. 
*Kaye, Harvey *The British Marxist Historians: An Introductory Analysis*, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1984. 
*Morrill, John "Christopher Hill" pages 28-29 from *History Today* Volume 53, Issue # 6, June 2003.
*Pennington, Donald & Thomas, Keith (editors) *Puritans and Revolutionaries*, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978. 
*Richardson, R.C. *The Debate on the English Revolution Revisited*, London: Methuen, 1977.
*Samuel, Raphael "British Marxist Historians, 1880-1980" pages 21-96 from *New Left Review*, Volume 120, March-April 1980. 
*Schwarz, Bill "`The People' in History: The Communist Party Historians' Group, 1946-56" from *Making Histories: Studies in History-Writing and Politics*, edited by Richard Johnson, London: Hutchinson, 1982.
*Underdown, David "Radicals in Defeat", *New York Review of Books*, March 28, 1985.

## Referencies

## Enllaces esternos
* "Christopher Hill" at the ''Spartacus Educational''.
* "Christopher Hill: Obituary at ''The Telegraph'', February 27, 2003.
*  at ''The Times'' , February 26, 2003.
* Cobain, Ian. , ''The Times'' , March 05, 2003.
* Hunt, Tristram. "Back when it mattered", ''Guardian'', March 5, 2003.
* Kettle, Martin. "Christopher Hill: Obituary" at the ''Guardian'', February 26, 2003.
* Linebaugh, Peter. "An American Tribute to Christopher Hill" at the ''Counterpunch'', May 17, 2003.
*Manning, Brian''The legacy of Christopher Hill'' , International Socialism (2003)