Sandra Harding

**Sandra G. Harding**  foi una filósofa y feminista d'Estaos Xuníos.

## Biografía
Llogró'l so doctoráu pola Universidá de Nueva York en 1973. Los sos trabayos enmárquense dientro de la Filosofía de la Ciencia, la Epistemoloxía Feminista, la Teoría postcolonial y la metodoloxía en investigación. Foi profesora na Universidá de California, Los Angeles.

Harding foi la primer direutora del 'Centru d'estudiu de la muyer' de la Universidá de California, Los Angeles (1996-2000), y codireutora de la prestixosa revista feminista publicada por University of Chicago Press, *[[Signs (revista feminista)|Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society]]* (2000-2005). Tamién trabayó como profesora na Universidá de Delaware, y foi profesora convidada na Universidá d'Ámsterdam, la Universidá de Costa Rica y la Escuela politéunica federal de Zúrich, Suiza. 

Harding contribuyó al desenvolvimientu de la Teoría del puntu de vista, siendo una de los fundadores del campu de la Epistemoloxía Feminista, según a los Estudios de ciencia, teunoloxía y xéneru. Les sos contribuciones nestes árees, según el so aproximamientu y crítica al conceutu d'oxetividá na ciencia, fueron de gran influencia pa les Ciencies Sociales y pa la Filosofía, y xeneró discutinios nel campu de les Ciencies Naturales. 

Sandra Harding foi consultada por numberosos organismos alrodiu de temes rellacionaes col feminismu y la ciencia postcolonial, como son por casu la Organización Panamericana de la Salú, el Fondu de Desenvolvimientu de les Naciones Xuníes pa la Muyer y la Comisión de Ciencia y Teunoloxía pal Desenvolvimientu de la Organización de les Naciones Xuníes (ONX). Foi convidada como co-autora nun capítulu del *World Science Report* de la Unesco de 1996.

Harding participó del alderique alrodiu de la neutralidá de la ciencia no que se vieno a llamar les guerres de la ciencia.

## Escoyeta d'obres

### Llibros
* *The Science Question in Feminism*, 1986.
* *Whose Science? Whose Knowledge?: Thinking from Women's Lives*, 1991.
* *Is Science Multicultural? Postcolonialisms, Feminisms, and Epistemologies*, 1998.
* *Science and Social Inequality: Feminist and Postcolonial Issues*, 2006.
* *Sciences From Below: Feminisms, Postcolonialities, and Modernities*, 2008.
* *Objectivity and Diversity: Another Logic of Scientific Research*, 2015.

### Artículos
* 1973. "Feminism: Reform or Revolution?" *Philosophical Forum* (Boston) 5, 271–284
* 1979. "The Social Function of the Empiricist Conception of Mind," *Metaphilosophy* 10 (Jan 1), 38–47
* 1979. "Is the Equality of Opportunity Principle Democratic?" *Philosophical Forum* (Boston) 10 (Dec 1), 206–22
* 1982. "Is Gender a Variable in Conceptions of Rationality: A Survey of Issues," *Dialectica*, 36 (Jan 1): 225–42
* 1983. "Why Has the Sex/Gender System Become Visible Only Now," in *Discovering Reality*, ed. Sandra Harding and Merrill Hintikka
* 1987. "The Method Question," *Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy* 2, 19–35
* 1987. "The Curious Coincidence of Feminine and African Moralities," *Women and Moral Theory*, ed. Eva Feder Kittay and Diana Meyers 
* 1990. "Starting Thought From Women's Lives: Eight Resources for Maximizing Objectivity," *Journal of Social Philosophy* 21(2–3), 140–49
* 1990. "Feminism, Science, and the Anti-Enlightenment Critiques," in *Feminism/Postmodernism*, ed. Linda Nicholson, 83–106
* 1992. "After Eurocentrism? Challenges for the Philosophy of Science," *PSA 1992* Vol. 2, 311–319
* 1993. "Rethinking Standpoint Epistemology: What Is 'Strong Objectivity'?" in *Feminist Epistemologies*, ed. Linda Alcoff and Elizabeth Potter
* 1995. "'Strong Objectivity': A Response to the New Objectivity Question," *Synthese*, Vol. 104, No. 3, pp.&nbsp;331–349
* 1998. "Women, Science, and Society," *Science*, New Series, Vol. 281, No. 5383 (Sep 11 1998), 1599–1600
* 2002. "Must the Advance of Science Advance Global Inequality?" *International Studies Review*, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Summer), 87–105
* 2003. "How Standpoint Methodology Informs Philosophy of Social Science," in *Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of the Social Sciences*
* 2004. "A Socially Relevant Philosophy of Science? Resources from Standpoint Theory's Controversiality," *Hypatia*, Vol. 19, No. 1, 25–47
* 2005. "'Science and Democracy:' Replayed or Redesigned?" *Social Epistemology*, Vol. 19, No. 1, 5–18
* 2006. "Two Influential Theories of Ignorance and Philosophy's Interests in Ignoring Them," *Hypatia*, Vol. 21, No. 3 (Summer), 20–36
* 2007. "Modernity, Science, and Democracy," in *Social Philosophy Today*, Volume 22. Philosophy Documentation Center
* 2008. "How Many Epistemologies Should Guide the Production of Scientific Knowledge?" *Hypatia*, Vol. 23, No. 4, 212–219 
* 2009. "Postcolonial and Feminist Philosophies of Science and Technology," *Postcolonial Studies*, Vol. 12, No. 4, p.&nbsp;410–429
* 2010. "Standpoint Methodologies and Epistemologies: A Logic of Scientific Inquiry for People," *World Social Science Report 2010*, 173–5
* 2012. "Objectivity and Diversity," in *Encyclopedia of Diversity in Education,* ed. James Banks
* 2017. "Latin American Decolonial Studies: Feminist Issues," *Feminist Studies*, Vol. 43, No. 3, 624–636 
* and Kathryn Norberg, 2005. "New Feminist Approaches to Social Science Methodologies: An Introduction," *Signs*, Vol. 30, No. 4, 2009–15

## Ver tamién
* Filosofía n'Estaos Xuníos

## Referencies

## Enllaces esternos

* Ponentes Convidaes/vos - Mundos de Muyeres / Women's Worlds 2008
* "Starting from Marginalized Lives: A Conversation with Sandra Harding"  by Sidney I. Dobrin and Thomas Kent, *JAC* 15.2, primavera 1995.
* "Women, Science, and Society" by Sandra Harding, *[[Science magacín|Science]]*, 11 de setiembre de 1998.