Hattie McDaniel

**Hattie McDaniel**  foi una actriz y cantante d'Estaos Xuníos, la primera afroamericana en ganar un Premiu Óscar y en 2006 el primer afroamericanu ganador d'Óscar a quien se-y dedicó un sellu postal del gobiernu de EE.&nbsp;UU., tien dos estrelles nel Paséu de la Fama de Hollywood, poles sos contribuciones radiales y cinematográfiques. Una de les pioneres del movimientu afroamericanu, desafió les convenciones ya inxusticies de la dómina.

Foi una de les figures más queríes de Hollywood, de cutiu encasillada nel personaxe de la bona criada, viviega y solidaria. Cuando se-y criticó por trabayar namái en papeles d'emplegada doméstica contestó: «Prefiero actuar de sirvienta y ganar 700&nbsp;dólares selmanales que ser una sirvienta y ganar 7».

## Biografía

McDaniel foi la menor de trece hermanos y fía d'esclavos lliberaos. Nació en Wichita, Kansas. Creció en Denver y xunióse al Minstrel Show de varieté del so padre y dos hermanos. 

Cantó cola orquesta de George Morrison y nes xires de Show Boat en 1929 y 1930.

En 1930 establecer en Los Angeles, trabayando d'emplegada doméstica hasta consiguir un pequeñu papel en 1932. El so segundu filme foi con Mae West en *Nun soi un ánxel*.

Contratada pola Century Fox, en 1934 actuó en *The little colonel* con Shirley Temple y Lionel Barrymore (dirixida por David Butler), en *Judge Priest* (dirixida por John Ford) y en *Alice Adams* (con Katharine Hepburn).

Ente 1932 y 1949 actuó en 300&nbsp;películes anque namái se-y dio creitu en 80. Recordar pola so actuación en 1936 na película *[[Show Boat]]* xunto a Paul Robeson y Irene Dunne. En 1940 ganó l'Óscar a la meyor actriz de repartu pol so personaxe de Mammy en *[[Gone with the Wind (película)|Gone with the Wind]]*, marcando un finxu pa los llogros de la población afroamericana Tuvieron que pasar casi quince años por qu'otra actriz negra (Dorothy Dandridge) fora nomada al Óscar de meyor actriz principal.

En 1947 protagonizó'l show radial *The Behula Show*, que foi lleváu a la televisión pero nel tercer capítulu l'actriz supo que tenía cáncer de mama y nun pudo siguir actuando. Finó a los 57 años en Woodland Hills (Los Angeles). 

El campusantu principal de la ciudá refugar por cuenta de qu'en tola nación nun se dexaba que les persones con piel negro fueren soterraes nel mesmu sitio que les blanques. (En EE.&nbsp;UU., la segregación terminó en 1965). En 1999 el mesmu campusantu alzó un cenotafiu nel so honor.

## Bibliografía
* Jackson, Carlton: *Hattie: the life of Hattie McDaniel*.
* Watts, Jim: *Hattie McDaniel: black ambition, white Hollywood*.

## Referencies

## Enllaces esternos
* 
* Images.Google.com (fotografíes).
* Imdb.com (filmografía n'Internet Movie DataBase).
* Npr.org (entrevista de la NPR).
* RedHotJazz.com (biografía como cantante).
* YouTube.com (videu de MacDaniel cuando aceptó'l premiu Óscar).
* YouTube.com (videu de MacDaniel en *Sooner or Later*).

## Filmografía

* *[[Love Bound]]* (1932)
* *[[Impatient Maiden]]* (1932) as Injured Patient (uncredited)
* *[[Are You Listening? (filme)|Are You Listening?]]* (1932) as Aunt Fatima - Singer (uncredited)
* *The Washington Masquerade* (1932) as Maid (uncredited)
* *The Boiling Point* (1932) as Caroline the Cook (uncredited)
* *Crooner* (1932) as Maid in Ladies' Room (uncredited)
* *[[Blonde Venus]]* (1932) as Cora, Helen's Maid in New Orleans (uncredited)
* *The Golden West* (1932) as Mammy Lou (uncredited)
* *Hypnotized* (1932) as Powder Room Attendant (uncredited)
* *[[Hello, Sister]]* (1933) as Woman in Apartment House (uncredited)
* *[[I'm Non Angel]]* (1933) as Tira's Maid-Manicurist (uncredited)
* *[[Goodbye Love (filme)|Goodbye Love]]* (1933) as Edna the Maid (uncredited)
* *Merry Wives of Reno* (1934) as Bunny's Maid (uncredited)
* *[[City Park (película de 1934)|City Park]]* (1934) as Tessie - the Ransome Maid (uncredited)
* *Operator 13* (1934) as Annie (uncredited)
* *King Kelly of the U.S.A.* (1934) as Black Narcissus Mop Buyer (uncredited)
* *[[Judge Priest]]* (1934) as Aunt Dilsey 
* *[[Imitation of Life (película de 1934)|Imitation of Life]]* (1934) as Woman at Funeral (uncredited)
* *Flirtation* (1934) as Minor Role (uncredited)
* *[[Lost in the Stratosphere]]* (1934) as Ida Johnson
* *[[Babbitt (novel)|Babbitt]]* (1934) as Rosalie, the Maid (uncredited)
* *[[Little Men (película de 1934)|Little Men]]* (1934) as Asia (uncredited)
* *[[The Little Colonel (película de 1935)|The Little Colonel]]* (1935) as Mom Beck
* *[[Transient Lady]]* (1935) as Servant (uncredited)
* *[[Traveling Saleslady]]* (1935) as Martha Smith (uncredited)
* *[[China Seas (filme)|China Seas]]* (1935) as Isabel McCarthy, Dolly's Maid (uncredited)
* *[[Alice Adams (filme)|Alice Adams]]* (1935) as Malena Burns 
* *Harmony Lane* (1935) as Liza, the Cook (uncredited)
* *[[Murder by Television]]* (1935) as Isabella - the Cook
* *[[Music Is Magic]]* (1935) as Hattie 
* *Another Face* (1935) as Nellie - Sheila's Maid (uncredited)
* *We're Only Human* (1935) as Molly, Martin's Maid (uncredited)
* *[[Next Time We Love]]* (1936) as Hanna (uncredited)
* *[[The First Baby]]* (1936) as Dora *
*[[The Singing Kid]]* (1936) as Maid (uncredited)
* *[[Gentle Julia (película de 1936)|Gentle Julia]]* (1936) as Kitty Silvers
* *[[Show Boat (película de 1936)|Show Boat]]* (1936) as Queenie
* *[[High Tension (película de 1936)|High Tension]]* (1936) as Hattie
* *[[The Bride Walks Out]]* (1936) as Mamie - Carolyn's Maid 
* *[[Postal Inspector]]* (1936) as Deborah (uncredited)
* *Star for a Night* (1936) as Hattie
* *[[Valiant Is the Word for Carrie]]* (1936) as Ellen Belle 
* *[[Libeled Lady]]* (1936) as Maid in Grand Plaza Hall (uncredited)
* *[[Can This Be Dixie?]]* (1936) as Lizzie
* *Reunion* (1936) as Sadie
* *Racing Lady* (1937) as Abby
* *Don't Tell the Wife* (1937) as Mamie, Nancy's Maid (uncredited)
* *[[The Crime Nobody Saw]]* (1937) as Ambrosia
* *The Wildcatter* (1937) as Pearl (uncredited)
* *[[Saratoga (filme)|Saratoga]]* (1937) as Rosetta 
* *[[Stella Dallas (película de 1937)|Stella Dallas]]* (1937) as Maid
* *[[Sky Racket]]* (1937) as Jenny
* *[[Over the Goal]]* (1937) as Hannah
* *Merry Go Round of 1938* (1937) as Maid (uncredited)
* *[[Nothing Sacred (filme)|Nothing Sacred]]* (1937) as Mrs. Walker (uncredited)
* *[[45 Fathers]]* (1937) as Beulah
* *Quick Money* (1937) as Hattie (uncredited)
* *[[True Confession]]* (1937) as Ella *
*Mississippi Moods* (1937)
* *Battle of Broadway* (1938) as Agatha
* *[[Vivacious Lady]]* (1938) as Hattie - Maid at Prom Dance (uncredited)
* *[[The Shopworn Angel]]* (1938) as Martha
* *[[Carefree (filme)|Carefree]]* (1938) as Hattie (uncredited)
* *[[The Mad Miss Manton]]* (1938) as Hilda
* *[[The Shining Hour]]* (1938) as Belvedere
* *Everybody's Baby* (1939) as Hattie
* *[[Zenobia (filme)|Zenobia]]* (1939) as Dehlia 
* *[[Gone with the Wind (filme)|Gone with the Wind]]* (1939) as Mammy - House Servant
* *Maryland* (1940) as Aunt Carrie
* *[[The Great Lie]]* (1941) as Violet
* *[[Affectionately Yours]]* (1941) as Cynthia
* *[[They Died with Their Boots On]]* (1941) as Callie
* *[[The Male Animal]]* (1942) as Cleota
* *[[In This Our Life]]* (1942) as Minerva Clay
* *[[George Washington Slept Here]]* (1942) as Hester, the Fullers' Maid
* *Johnny Come Lately* (1943) as Aida *
*[[Thank Your Lucky Stars (película de 1943)|Thank Your Lucky Stars]]* (1943) as Gossip in 'Ice Cold Katie' Number
* *[[Since You Went Away]]* (1944) as Fidelia
* *[[Janie (película de 1944)|Janie]]* (1944) as April - Conway's Maid
* *[[Three Is a Family]]* (1944) as Maid
* *Hi, Beautiful* (1944) as Millie
* *[[Janie Gets Married]]* (1946) as April
* *[[Margie (filme)|Margie]]* (1946) as Cynthia
* *[[Never Say Goodbye (película de 1946)|Never Say Goodbye]]* (1946) as Cozie
* *[[Song of the South]]* (1946) as Aunt Tempy
* *The Flame* (1947) as Celia *
*[[Mickey (película de 1948)|Mickey]]* (1948) as Bertha
* *[[Family Honeymoon]]* (1948) as Phyllis
* *[[The Big Wheel (filme)|The Big Wheel]]* (1949) as Minnie