নেমুটেঙা পখিলা

নেমুটেঙা পখিলা (, বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম-***Papilio demoleus***) এবিধ সতকাই দেখা পোৱা (common) আৰু বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত হৈ থকা চাতকনেজীয়া পখিলা (Swallowtail butterfly)ৰ প্ৰজাতি৷ ই প্ৰধানকৈ নেমুটেঙা জাতীয় উদ্ভিদক পোষক (host plant) হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে বাবে এই পখিলাবিধৰ নাম নেমুটেঙা পখিলা দিয়া হয়৷ অন্যান্য চাতকনেজীয়া পখিলাৰ দৰে ইয়াৰ এডাল স্পষ্ট নেজ নাথাকে৷ 

## বিৱৰণ

নেমুটেঙা পখিলাৰ নেজ নাথাকে৷ ইয়াৰ পাখিৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য ৮০-১০০ মিমি৷  ইয়াৰ পাখিৰ বৰণ ক'লা৷ পাখিত বেঁকা হালধীয়া বৰণৰ কিছুমান আঁচ থকা দেখা যায়৷ ইয়াৰ উপৰিও পখিলাবিধৰ আগফালৰ পাখিত অসংখ্য অসমান দাগ আছে৷ ইয়াৰ পিছফালৰ পাখিদুখন লগ হোৱা অংশত এটা ৰঙা দীঘলীয়া ফোঁট থাকে৷ 

As the butterfly caterpillar ages, its hunger for leaf tissue continues to grow.Antennae dark reddish brown, touched with ochraceous on the innerside towards the club; head, thorax and abdomen dusky black, the head and thorax anteriorly streaked with cream-vellow: beneath: the palpi, thorax and abdomen cream-yellow with lateral longitudinal black lines on the last.}}

## বিস্তৃতি
*Papilio demoleus* is an aggressive and very common butterfly. It is perhaps the most widely distributed swallowtail in the world. The butterfly can be found in:
Oman, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Iran, western and possibly eastern Afghanistan, and western Pakistan, Sri Lanka, India (including the Andamans), Nepal, Burma, Thailand, the Philippines, Kampuchea, southern China (including Hainan, Guangdong province), Taiwan, Japan (rare strays), Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra, Sula, Talaud, Flores, Alor and Sumba), Papua New Guinea,  Australia (including Lord Howe's island), apparently Hawaii and possibly other Pacific Ocean islands
## বাসস্থান
The widespread range of *Papilio demoleus* indicates the butterfly's tolerance and adaptation to diverse habitats. It is to be found in savannahs, fallow lands, gardens, evergreen and semi-evergreen forests and shows a preference for stream and riverbeds.In India it is mostly found in the plains but can be found on the hills of peninsular India and up to 7000 feet in the Himalayas. It is common in urban gardens and may also be encountered in wooded country.

## টেক্স'নমি
Five related butterflies form the group of lime butterflies in the genus *Papilio* of which *Papilio demoleus* Linnaeus, 1758 is the flagship species which gives the name to the group. The other morphologically related butterflies are:
* *[[Papilio demodocus]]* (Esper, 1798)
* *[[Papilio erithonioides]]* Grose-Smith, 1891.
* *[[Papilio grosesmithi]]* Rothschild, 1926.
* *[[Papilio morondavana]]* Grose-Smith, 1891.

Six subspecies are recognised in *Papilio demoleus*:
* *P. d. demoleus* Linnaeus, 1758 - Across Asia from China to the Arabian peninsula.
* *P. d. libanius* Fruhstorfer, 1908 - Taiwan, Philippines, Sula, Talaud.
* *P. d. malayanus* Wallace, 1865 - Sumatra and the Malaysian peninsula.
* *P. d. novoguineensis* Rothschild, 1908 - Papua New Guinea.
* *P. d. sthenelus* Macleay, 1826 - Australia.
* *P. d. stenelinus* Rothschild, 1895 - Sumba, Flores and Alor.

## আচৰণ
This butterfly is an avid mud-puddler and visitor of flowers. It basks with its wings held wide open on tufts of grass, herbs and generally keeps within a metre above the ground, even on cloudy days. It relies on its quick flight for escape.It is also a frequent visitor of flowers in gardens, where it shows a preference for flowers of smaller herbs rather than larger plants such as the ubiquitous *[[Lantana]]* with its plentiful blooms. It can be found swarming in the groves of its foodplants.

## জীৱন-চক্ৰ

The number of generations of *Papilio demoleus* is dependent upon temperature - near the equator, nine generations have been recorded, while in warm temperate China, five generations have been recorded. In the ideal conditions of a laboratory, a generation has been recorded to take place in just over 30 days. The average time for one generation of *Papilio demoleus* to mature in the field ranges from 26 to 59 days. 

The female butterfly goes from plant to plant, laying a single egg at a time on top of a leaf which it holds onto with its legs, and flies off as soon as the egg is laid. The egg is round, light yellowish in colour, flattened at the base, smooth-surfaced and about 1.5&nbsp;mm in height. Fertile eggs develop a small red mark at the apex.

The newly hatched caterpillar stays in the middle of the upperside of the leaf.

Image:An egg of Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 – Lime Swallowtail WLB P2A0771.jpg|
Image:The caterpiller of Papilio demoleus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Lime Swallowtail WLB DSC 0233.jpg| 
Image:The caterpiller of Papilio demoleus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Lime Swallowtail WLB WP 20160826 11 59 55 Pro.jpg|
Image:The caterpiller of Papilio demoleus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Lime Swallowtail WLB WP 20160826 11 59 34 Pro.jpg| 
Image:The caterpiller of Papilio demoleus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Lime Swallowtail WLB WP 20160826 11 59 15 Pro.jpg|
Image:A pupa of Papilio demoleus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Lime Swallowtail WLB DSC 0 0 23.jpg|

The pupa, which is rugose, stout and 30&nbsp;mm in length, has two projections to the front on its head and also one on its thorax 

The adults fly in every month but are particularly abundant during and after the monsoons.

## তথ্যসূত্ৰ

## লগতে চাওক
*Chattopadhyay, Jagannath. (2007),"Swallowtail Butterflies, Biology and Ecology of a few Indian Species." Desh Prakashan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. ISBN 978-81-905719-1-3.

## বাহ্যিক সংযোগ

*
* Host plant database, NHM UK
*line swallowtail on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
* 

## আলোকচিত্ৰৰ ভঁৰাল

Image:Papilio_demoleus01.JPG|Common Lime Butterfly, *Papilio demoleus*
Image:Papilio demoleus cat sec.jpg |Early instar "birds-dropping" caterpillar.
Image:Lime Butterfly (Papilio demoleus) Cat in Narsapur forest, AP W IMG_0241.jpg|Middle instar caterpillar.
Image:Vv lime cat.jpg|Caterpillar in fourth instar.
Image:Vv lime pupa.jpg|Pupa in rearing cage.
File:Santosh Papilio demoleus.jpg|*Papilio demoleus* basking.
Image:Lime_butterfly.jpg|While resting, the butterfly closes its wing over its back and draws the forewings between the hindwings.
File:Lime Butterfly (Papilio demoleus) mating in Narshapur, AP W IMG 0887.jpg|Lime butterflies mating in Narsapur, Medak district, India.
Image:Papilio_demodocus_1.JPG|Citrus Swallowtail, *[[Papilio demodocus]]*
File:Papiliomorondavana.JPG|Madagascan Emperor Swallowtail, *[[Papilio morondavana]]*
File:Common Emigrant (Catopsilia pomona) & Lime Butterfly (Papilio demoleus) mud-puddling W IMG 0252.jpg|Lime butterflies mud-puddling with Common Emigrants (Catopsilia pomona) in India.
File:Lime wings.jpg|The red tornal spot with blue edging.
File:Lime Butterfly (Papilio demoleus) in Narshapur, AP W IMG 0988.jpg|An older adult with orange spots.