ৰে'ম্ব্ৰেণ্ট

**ৰে'ম্ব্ৰেণ্ট হাৰ্মেচুন ভন ৰে'ইন ** (; ১৫&nbsp;জুলাই ১৬০৬&nbsp;– ৪&nbsp;অক্টোবৰ ১৬৬৯) এজন ডাচ্চ চিত্ৰকৰ আৰু নক্সাকাৰ (etcher) আছিল। তেওঁক সাধাৰণতে ইউৰোপীয় কলাৰ অন্যতম মহান আৰু ডাচ্চ ইতিহাসৰ সবাতোকৈ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ চিত্ৰকৰ আৰু প্ৰিণ্টমে'কাৰ হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়। কলা জগতকৈ তেওঁৰ অৱদানসমূহ এনে এক অৰ্থনৈতিক আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক কৃতিত্বৰ সময়ত আহিছিল যাক ইতিহাসবিদসকলে ডাচ্চ সোণালী যুগ বোলে। ডাচ্চ সোণালী যুগ চিত্ৰকলা সমগ্ৰ ইউৰোপত প্ৰচলিত বেৰ'ক শৈলীতকৈ বহু পৃথক হ'লেও জনপ্ৰিয় আছিল আৰু ই চিত্ৰকলাত ন ন শ্ৰেণীৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। 

যুৱকালত এজন পৰ্ট্ৰেইট চিত্ৰকাৰ হিচাপে সফলতা লভিলেও ৰে'ম্ব্ৰেণ্টৰ শেষ জীৱন শোক আৰু ধনৰ অভাৱেৰে জৰ্জড়িত আছিল। তথাপিও তেওঁৰ চিত্ৰ আৰু নক্সাসমূহৰ জনপ্ৰিয়তাই শিল্পী ৰূপে তেওঁৰ সন্মান অক্ষত ৰাখিছিল। বিছ বছৰ জুৰি তেওঁ বহু কেইজন ডাচ্চ চিত্ৰকাৰক শিক্ষা প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ৰে'ম্ব্ৰেণ্টৰ সৰ্বোত্তম সৃষ্টিশীল সফলতাসমূহ আছিল তেওঁৰ সমসাময়িকসকলৰ প্ৰতিকৃতি, আত্ম-প্ৰতিকৃতি আৰু বাইবেলৰ ঘটনাৱলীৰ অংকন। তেওঁৰ আত্ম-প্ৰতিকৃতিসমূহে এক অসাধাৰণ আৰু আপোন জীৱনীৰ ৰূপ দাঙি ধৰে য'ত শিল্পীজনে কোনো গৌৰৱ নোহোৱাকৈ সততাৰে নিজকে পৰ্যবেক্ষণ কৰিছিল।

তেওঁৰ চিত্ৰ আৰু প্ৰিণ্টসমূহত তেওঁ দ্ৰুপদী আইক'ন'গ্ৰাফীৰ জ্ঞানৰ সাক্ষৰ পোৱা যায়। এইবোৰ তেওঁ নিজৰ অভিজ্ঞতাৰ প্ৰয়োজনীতা পূৰাবলৈ সালসলনি কৰিছিল। যেনে বাইবেলৰ এটা দৃশ্য অংকনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নিৰ্দিষ্ট পাঠ্য সম্পৰ্কে তেওঁৰ জ্ঞান, দ্ৰুপদী ৰচনাৰ সমীভৱন আৰু আম্‌ষ্টাৰডামৰ ইহুদী জনতাৰ পৰ্যবেক্ষণ ব্যৱহাৰ হৈছিল। মানুহৰ অৱস্থাৰ প্ৰতি তেওঁৰ সহানুভূতিৰ বাবে তেওঁক "সভ্যতাৰ এজন অন্যতম মহান অগ্ৰদূত" বোলা হয়।

## চিত্ৰশালা

### আত্ম-প্ৰতিকৃতি

 
Image:Rembrandt - Self-Portrait - WGA19206.jpg|*A young Rembrandt*, c.&nbsp;1628, when he was 22. Partly an exercise in chiaroscuro. Rijksmuseum

Image:Rembrandt van Rijn 184.jpg|*Self-portrait*, c.&nbsp;1629; Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg

File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn - Selfportrait - Google Art Project.jpg|*Self-portrait*, 1630, Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

File:Rembrandt - Self-Portrait with Velvet Beret - Google Art Project.jpg|*Self-Portrait with Velvet Beret and Furred Mantel* 1634
File:Rembrandt1640.png|*Self-portrait*, at 34, 1640
Image:Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn - Large Self-Portrait - Google Art Project.jpg|*[[Self-Portrait (Rembrandt, Vienna)|Self-Portrait]]*, oil on canvas, 1652. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
Image:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 132.jpg|*Self-portrait*, Vienna c.&nbsp;1655, oil on walnut, cut down in size. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
File:Rembrant Self-Portrait, 1660.jpg|*[[Self-portraits by Rembrandt|Self-Portrait]]*, 1660
File:Rembrandt Self-portrait (Kenwood).jpg|*[[Self-Portrait with Two Circles]]*, 1660. Kenwood House, London
Image:Rembrandt van Rijn 142 version 02.jpg|*Self-Portrait as Zeuxis*, c. 1662. One of 2 painted self-portraits in which Rembrandt is turned to the left. Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne
File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 134.jpg|*Self-portrait*, 1669.
Image:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 135.jpg|*Self-portrait*, dated 1669, the year he died, though he looks much older in other portraits. National Gallery, London


### অন্য কৰ্ম
 
File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 150.jpg|*[[The Stoning of Saint Stephen]]*, 1625, The first painting by Rembrandt, painted at the age of 19. It is currently kept in the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon.
Image:Rembrandt Buste van oude man met bontmuts. 1630.jpg|*Bust of an old man with a fur hat*, the artist's father, 1630
File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn - Jeremia treurend over de verwoesting van Jeruzalem - Google Art Project.jpg|*Jeremiah Lamenting the Destruction of Jerusalem,* c.&nbsp;1630
Image:Rembrandt - The Philosopher in Meditation.jpg|*The [[Philosopher in Meditation]]*, 1632

Image:Rembrandt - The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp.jpg|*[[Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp]]*, 1632
Image:Rembrandt Abraham en Isaac, 1634.jpg|*Abraham and Isaac*, 1634
Image:The Blinding of Samson (SM 1383).png|*The Blinding of Samson*, 1636, which Rembrandt gave to Huyghens
File:Carel Fabritius - Saskia van Uylenburgh, vrouw van de schilder Rembrandt..JPG|*Saskia in red hat*, 1635

File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 151.jpg|*Susanna*, 1636
File:Rembrandt - Belshazzar's Feast - WGA19123.jpg|*[[Belshazzar's Feast (Rembrandt)|Belshassar's Feast]]*, 1636-8
Image:Rembrandt De aartsengel verlaat Tobias en zijn gezin. 1637.jpg|*The Archangel leaving [[Tobias, son of Tobit|Tobias]]*, 1637
File:Rembrandt Krajobraz z miłosiernym Samarytaninem.jpg|*The Landscape with Good Samaritan*, 1638

File:Rembrandt - Susanna and the Elders - WGA19104.jpg|*[[Susanna and the Elders (Rembrandt)|Susanna and the Elders]]*, 1647
File:Rembrandt van Rijn - The Mill - Google Art Project.jpg|*[[The Mill (Rembrandt)|The Mill]]*, 1648
File:Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn - An Old Man in Red.JPG|*An Old Man in Red*, 1652-1654
File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 013.jpg|*[[Aristotle with a Bust of Homer]]*, 1653, Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York

File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn - "The Kitchen Maid" - Google Art Project.jpg|*Young Girl at the Window*, 1654
File:JanSix.jpg|*Portrait of the later mayor Jan Six*, a wealthy friend of Rembrandt, 1654
Image:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 016.jpg|*[[Bathsheba at Her Bath (Rembrandt)|Bathsheba at Her Bath]]*, modeled after Hendrickje, 1654
File:Rembrandt baadster.jpg|*Woman Bathing in a Stream*, 1655

File:Rembrandt - Portrait of Hendrickje Stoffels - Google Art Project.jpg|*Woman in a Doorway*, 1657-1658
File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn - Portret van een paar als oudtestamentische figuren, genaamd 'Het Joodse bruidje' - Google Art Project.jpg|*[[The Jewish Bride]]*, 1658.
File:Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn - Ahasuerus, Haman and Esther - Google Art Project.jpg|*[[Ahasuerus and Haman at the Feast of Esther]]*, 1660
Image: Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn (Dutch - St. Bartholomew) - Google Art Project.jpg|*Saint Bartholomew*, 1661, J. Paul Getty Museum
File:Netherlands-4183 - The Syndics, Rembrandt.jpg|*The [[Syndics of the Drapers' Guild]]*, 1662
File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn - The Conspiracy of the Batavians under Claudius Civilis - Google Art Project.jpg|*[[The Conspiracy of Claudius Civilis]]* (cut-down), 1661–62
Image:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 062.jpg|*[[Jacob Blessing the Sons of Joseph]]*, 1656
File:Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn - Return of the Prodigal Son - Google Art Project.jpg|*[[The Return of the Prodigal Son (Rembrandt)|The Return of the Prodigal Son]]*, detail, c.&nbsp;1669


#### নক্সা আৰু খোদিত কৰ্ম
 
File:B320 Rembrandt.jpg|*Self-portrait in a cap, with eyes wide open*, etching and burin, 1630
File:Rembrandt van Rijn - Zelfportret.jpg|*Self-portrait,* pen and brush and ink on paper, c. 1628-1629
Image:Rembrandtselfportraitweb.jpg|Role-playing in *Self-portrait as an oriental Potentate with a [[Kris]]*, etching, 1634
File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn - Christ with the Sick around Him, Receiving Little Children (The 'Hundred Guilder Print') - Google Art Project.jpg|*The [[Hundred Guilder Print]]*, c.&nbsp;1647–1649,
Image:Rembrandt Susanna Zeichnung.jpg|*Suzannah and the Elders*, drawing, 1634
File:Self-portrait with Saskia.jpg|*Self-portrait with Saskia*, etching, 1636
Image:Self portrait leaning on si 373x470.jpg|*Self-portrait leaning on a Sill*, etching, 1639
File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn - Christ Crucified Between the Two Thieves ("The Three Crosses") - Google Art Project.jpg|''The Three Crosses*, [[etching]] by Rembrandt, 1653, [[State (printmaking)|State]]&nbsp;III of&nbsp;V
Image:Jesus und Ehebrecherin.jpg|*Christ and the woman taken in adultery*, drawing
Image:Virgin and child with cat.jpg|*Virgin and Child with a Cat*, 1654. Original copper etching plate above, example of the print below
File:Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn - An Elephant, 1637 - Google Art Project.jpg|*An elephant* 1637
Image:Rembrandt Christus aan het volk getoond.jpg|*Christ presented to the People*, [[drypoint]], 1655, State&nbsp;I of&nbsp;VIII
</gallery></center>

==Notes==


==তথ্যসূত্ৰ==

* Ackley, Clifford, et al., *Rembrandt's Journey*, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 2004. ISBN 0-87846-677-0
* 
* Bull, Duncan, et al., *Rembrandt-Caravaggio*, Rijksmuseum, 2006.
* 
* [[Kenneth Clark|Clark, Kenneth]], *An Introduction to Rembrandt*, 1978, London, John Murray/Readers Union, 1978
* 
* Driessen, Christoph, *Rembrandts vrouwen*, Bert Bakker, Amsterdam, 2012. ISBN 9789035136908
* 
* [[Ernst Gombrich|Gombrich, E.H.]], *The Story of Art*, Phaidon, 1995. ISBN 0-7148-3355-X
* 
* *The Complete Etchings of Rembrandt Reproduced in Original Size*, Gary Schwartz (editor). New York: Dover, 1988. ISBN 0-486-28181-7
* Slive, Seymour, Dutch Painting, 1600–1800, Yale UP, 1995, ISBN 0-300-07451-4
* [[Ernst van de Wetering|van de Wetering, Ernst]], *Rembrandt: The Painter at Work*, Amsterdam University Press, 2000. ISBN 0-520-22668-2
* *Rembrandt by himself* (Christopher White&nbsp;— Editor, Quentin Buvelot&nbsp;— Editor) National Gallery Co Ltd [1999]
* Roberto Manescalchi, *Rembrandt: la madre ritrovata*, M.C.M.(La storia delle cose), dicembre, 2004.
* Christopher White, *The Late Etchings of Rembrandt*, 1969, British Museum/Lund Humphries, London
* Bomford, D. et al., Art in the making: Rembrandt, New edition, Yale University Press, 2006


==অতিৰিক্ত পঠন==

* [[Catalogue raisonné]]: Stichting Foundation Rembrandt Research Project:
** *A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings&nbsp;— Volume I*, which deals with works from Rembrandt’s early years in Leiden (1629–1631), 1982
** *A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings&nbsp;— Volume II: 1631–1634*. Bruyn, J., Haak, B. (et al.), Band 2, 1986, ISBN 978-90-247-3339-2
** *A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings&nbsp;— Volume III, 1635–1642*. Bruyn, J., Haak, B., Levie, S.H., van Thiel, P.J.J., van de Wetering, E. (Ed. Hrsg.), Band 3, 1990, ISBN 978-90-247-3781-9
** *A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings&nbsp;— Volume IV*. Ernst van de Wetering, Karin Groen et al. Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands (NL). ISBN 1-4020-3280-3. p.&nbsp;692. (Self-Portraits)
* *Rembrandt. Images and metaphors*, Christian Tumpel (editor), Haus Books London 2006 ISBN 978-1-904950-92-9
* Van De Wetering, Ernst (2004) (2nd paperback printing). *The Painter At Work*. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles. University of California Press, London, England. By arrangement with Amsterdam University Press. ISBN O-520-22668-2.
* 


==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ==

* [http://www.pubhist.com/person/1/rembrandt Works and literature on Rembrandt]
* [http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=473 A biography of the artist Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn from the J. Paul Getty Museum]
* [http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/rembrandt A biography of the artist Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn from the National Gallery]
* [http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2005/rembrandt/flash/index.shtm Rembrandt's Late Religious Portraits at the National Gallery of Art, Washington]
* [http://www.rembrandthuis.nl/ Rembrandt's house in Amsterdam] Site has good images of many of his etchings
* [http://staff.science.uva.nl/~fjseins/RembrandtCatalogue/ Web Catalogue of Rembrandt's Paintings] Over 600 paintings, including former and disputed attributions, divided into categories.
* [http://www.canal-educatif.fr/en/videos/art/9/ArtSleuth-5-rembrandt/prodigal-son-ermitage.html Rembrandt, a documentary about his life and works, and an interview with Gary Schwartz.] 
* [http://www.artistarchive.com/Artworks/AllArtworks.aspx?Ind=3316&CID=1 artistarchive.com]  over 300 Rembrandt prints with dimensions and reference numbers, many with images.
* [http://www.rembrandt-signature-file.com/ The Rembrandt Signature Files]. Information about Rembrandt's name and signatures.
* [http://stadsarchief.amsterdam.nl/presentaties/uitgelicht/rembrandt_prive/introductie/index.nl.html Rembrandt Privé] Documents regarding Rembrandt's life, kept at the Amsterdam City Archives (in Dutch)
* [http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/94303/rec/1 Prints & People: A Social History of Printed Pictures] exhibition catalog from the Metropolitan Museum of Art -available as PDF- which contains material on Rembrandt prints
* 112 
* [http://www.rembrandtdatabase.org/ The Rembrandt Database]. Site with research data on the paintings, including the full contents of the first volumes of *A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings'' by the Rembrandt Research Project.
* 
* 
* Dutch painters at ColourLex. Contains illustrated pigment analyses of several paintings by Rembrandt.

শ্ৰেণী:নেডাৰলেণ্ডৰ ব্যক্তি
শ্ৰেণী:চিত্ৰশিল্পী