جون فرانس

[220px|thumb|left|بيهتم چون فرانس بالتاريخ العسكرى بتاع [عصور وسطانيه|العصور الوسطى و الحروب الصليبيه.]]

**چون فرانس** John France، مؤرخ بريطانى كبير و استاذ تاريخ فى جامعة *ويلز-سوانسى* (University of Wales-Swansea)، و عميد كلية الاداب و العلوم الاجتماعيه فى نفس الجامعه، و محرر جورنال تاريخ العصور الوسطى (Journal of Medieval History). چون فرانس متخصص فى دراسات الحروب الصليبيه و الدراسات العسكريه فى فترة العصور الوسطى، و بيعتبر من اكبر المؤرخين المعاصرين فى المجال ده. من اهم مؤلفاته: انتصار فى الشرق: تاريخ عسكرى للحمله الصليبيه الاولى (Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade)، و العسكريه الغربيه فى عصر الحروب الصليبيه (Western Warfare in the Age of the Crusades). اضافه لكتب شارك فى كتابتها و دراسات كتيره عملها. ابحاث چون فرانس مولتها الاكاديميه البريطانيه و مؤسسة ليفرهولم و مؤسسة لورانس العرب و جامعة ويلز-سوانسى و امتدت ابحاثه القيمه لفرنسا و ايطاليا و اسرائيل و سوريا و الاردن و لبنان. من ابحاثه اللى نشرها و ليها طابع اثرى : المبانى السيكولاريه فى مملكة اورشليم الصليبيه (Secular Buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem).

على عكس المؤرخ جوناثان ريلى سميث *Jonathan Riley-Smith* و غيره من المؤرخين الغربيين اللى بيعتقدو ان الحروب الصليبيه كانت دوافعها دينيه اكتر ماهى كانت لطمع مادى، بيعتبر چون فرانس ان الدوافع الماديه كانت المحرك الاول للحروب الصليبيه اللى مش لازم تجاهلها، او زى ما المؤرخ توماس مادين *Thomas Madden* ما شرح: "چون فرانس مع انه بيوافق على ان معظم الصليبيين كانو عايزين ينقذو ارواحهم بيأكد على انهم كمان كانو عايزين يتغنو .. زى ما بيقول، الدين كان مهم، لكن المركز الاجتماعى كان مهم كمان بالنسبه ليهم."

## من مؤلفاته و دراساته

* Western Warfare in the Age of the Crusades
* Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade (with N. Bulst & P. Reynolds), The Five Books of the Histories and the Life of St. William (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990).
** Chapters in books: ‘The importance of the Bayeux Tapestry for the History of War’, in P.Bouet, B.Levy and F.Neveux (eds), The Bayeux Tapestry: Embroidering the Facts of History (Caen: Presses universitaires de Caen, 2004), 289-300.
** ‘War and the Cult of Saints in the early Middle Ages’, in N. Housley et. al. (eds.), The Experience of Crusading: Essays in Honour of J. Riley-Smith (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
** ‘Geoffroy de Monmouth et son époque’, in N.Y.Tonnerre (ed.), Chroniqueurs et historiens de la Bretagne Rennes (Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2001), 43-56.
** ‘The Fall of Antioch during the First Crusade’, in M.Balard, B.Z.Kedar and J.Riley-Smith (eds.), Dei gesta per Francos. Etudes sur les croisades dédiées à Jean Richard (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001), 13-20.
** ‘Le rôle de Jérusalem dans la piété du XI siècle’, in M.Balard & A.Ducellier (eds.), Le Partage du Monde: Échanges et Colonisation dans la Méditerranée médiévale (Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1998), 151-61.
** ‘The Anonymous Gesta Francorum and the Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem of Raymond of Aguilers and the Historia de Hierosolymitano Itinere of Peter Tudebode; an analysis of the textual relationship between primary sources for the First Crusade’, in J. France and W. Zajac (eds.), The Crusades and their Sources. Essays presented to Bernard Hamilton (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998), 39-70.
** ‘The use of the Gesta Francorum in the later histories of the First Crusade’, in From Clermont to Jerusalem: Selected Proceedings from the International Medieval Congress 10-13 July 1995 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1998), 29-42.
** ‘Patronage and the appeal of the First Crusade’, in J. Phillips (ed.), The First Crusade (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997), 5-20.
** ‘Les origines de la première croisade’, in M. Balard (ed.), Autour de la première croisade (Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1996), 45-56.
** ‘Technology and the Success of the First Crusade’, in Y. Lev (ed.), War and Society in the Eastern Mediterranean, 7th-15th centuries (Leiden: Brill,1997), 163-76.
** ‘La stratégie arménienne de la première croisade’ in C. Mutafian (ed.), Les Lusignans; Armenia, Cyprus and the Crusade (Poitiers: Université de Poitiers, 1995), 141-9.
* Articles in journals:
** ‘Property, Warfare and the Renaissance of the Twelfth Century’, Journal of the Haskins Society 11 (1998), (appeared 2003), 73-85.
** ‘The Composition and Raising of the Armies of Charlemagne’, Journal of Medieval Military History 1 (2002), 61-82.
** ‘Christianity, Violence, and the origins of Crusading: á propos of a Recent Study’, Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire 80 (2002), 593-598.
** ‘Recent Writing on Medieval Warfare: From the Fall of Rome to c.1300’, Journal of Military History 65 (2001), 441-73.
** ‘The Western Mediterranean Powers and the First Crusade’ Journal of Mediterranean Studies 10 (2000), 265-74.
** ‘Crusading Warfare and its Adaptation to Eastern Conditions in the Twelfth Century’, Mediterranean Historical Review 15 (2000), 49-66.
** ‘The Battle of Carcano: the event and its importance’, War in History 6 (1999), 245-61.
** ‘The First Crusade as a Naval Enterprise’, Mariner's Mirror 4 (1997), 389-97.
** ‘The destruction of Jerusalem and the First Crusade’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History 47 (1996), 1-17.
** ‘Glaber as a reformer’, Studia Monastica 34 (1992),41?51.
** ‘The occasion of the coming of the Normans to Southern Italy’, Journal of Medieval History 17 (1991), 185-205.
** ‘Rodulfus Glaber and French politics in the early eleventh century’, Francia 16/1 (1989), 101?112.
** ‘Rodulfus Glaber and the Cluniacs’, The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 39 (1988), 30, 105-20.
** ‘War and Christendom in the thought of Rodulfus Glaber’, Studia Monastica 30 (1988), 105?121.
** ‘The text of the account of the capture of Jerusalem in the Ripoll manuscript, Bibliothèque Nationale (latin) 5132' English Historical Revue, 102 (1988), 640?58.
** ‘The military history of the Carolingian period’, Revue Belge d'Histoire Militaire, 26/2 (1985), 81?100.
** ‘The election and title of Godfrey de Bouillon’, Canadian Journal of History 18 (1983), 321?29.
** ‘Anna Comnena, the Alexiad and the First Crusade’, Reading Medieval Studies 10 (1983), 20?32.
** ‘La guerre dans la France féodale a la fin du ixe et au xe siècle’, Revue Belge d'histoire militaire 23/3 (1979), 177?198.
** ‘The First Crusade and Islam’, The Muslim World 57 (1977), 147?57.
** ‘The Divine Quaternity of Rodulfus Glaber’, Studia Monastica 18 (1975), 283?94.
** ‘An unknown account of the capture of Jerusalem', English Historical Review 87 (1972), 771?783.
** ‘The departure of Tatikios from the crusader army’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 44 (1971), 137?48.
** ‘Le manuscrit 6041A du fonds latin de la Bibliothèque nationale: un nouveau fragment d'un manuscrit de l'Historia Belli Sacri’ , Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des chartes 126 (1968), 413?16.


## مراجع

* John France, Western Warefare in the Age of the Crusades 1000-1300, Cornell University Press, New York 1999.
* John france, Victory in the east, A military history of the First Crusade, Cambridge Unversity Press, New York 1996.
* The Crusades, Edited by Thomas F. Madden, Blackwell Publishing, USA 2008.
* Crusades-Encyclopedia, Crusades Historians, edited by Andrew Holt, April, 2005.


تصنيف:مؤرخين
تصنيف:مؤرخين بريطانيين
تصنيف:مؤرخين للحروب الصليبيه