open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
ܣܝܕܢܝ

thumb|ܡܘܬܒܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܣܝܕܢܝ (ܢܘܩܙܐ ܣܘܡܩܐ) ܒܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ
thumb|ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܣܝܕܢܝ

**ܣܝܕܢܝ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ: Sydney) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܘܥܬܝܩܬܐ ܡܢ ܟܠ ܕܒܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ. ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܗܝ ܕܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܕܢܝܘ ܣܐܘܬ ܘܝܠܣ ܒܬܝܡܢ-ܡܕܢܚ ܐܬܪܐ. ܐܫܬܬܐܣܬ ܒܫܢܬܐ ܕ1788 ܡܢ ܐܪܬܘܪ ܦܝܠܝܦ ܦܩܘܕܐ ܕܓܡܝܬ̈ܐ ܒܪ̈ܝܛܢܝܐ ܩܕ̈ܡܝܐ ܕܡܛܘ ܠܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ. ܐܝܬ ܠܗ̇ 4,627,345 ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܢ ܘܫܛܚܐ ܕ2058 km². ܐܝܬܝܗ̇ ܡܐܬܪܢܬܐ ܐܘܪܘܦܝܬܐ ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ܒܓܘ ܝܒܫܬܐ ܕܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ
ܫܠܦܐ

thumb|250px|ܫܠܦ̈ܐ ܕܣܟܝܢ̈ܐ

**ܫܠܦܐ** ܗܘ ܡܢܬܐ ܠܛܝܫܐ ܘܚܪܝܦܐ ܕܡܐܢܐ ܐܘ ܙܝܢܐ. ܫܠܦܐ ܐܨܛܢܥ ܥܝܕܐܝܬ ܡܢ ܟܐܦܐ ܐܘ ܦܪܙܠܐ܀
ܦܓܘܕܬܐ

[thumb|250px|ܦܓܘܕܬܐ ܕ[ܣܘܣܝܐ]]

**ܦܓܘܕܬܐ** ܐܘ **ܠܓܡܐ** ܐܘ **ܩܐܡܐ** ܗܘ ܡܐܢܐ ܕܪܡܝܢ ܒܦܘܡܐ ܕܚܝܘ̈ܬܐ ܠܡܟܒܫܘܬܗܘܢ ܒܝܕ ܪܟܘܒܐ܀
ܛܐܪܩ ܥܙܝܙ

ܙܥܘܪܬܐ|ܛܐܪܩ ܥܙܝܙ

**ܛܐܪܩ ܥܙܝܙ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ طارق عزيز‎܆ ܐܬܝܠܕ 28 ܢܝܣܢ 1936 ܒܬܠ ܟܐܦܐ ܒܫܡܐ **ܡܝܟܐܝܠ ܝܘܚܢܢ**܆ ܡܝܬ 5 ܚܙܝܪܢ 2015 ܒܢܐܨܪܝܐ) ܗܘܐ ܦܘܠܝܛܝܩܝܐ ܘܘܙܝܪܐ ܕܒܪܝܘܬܐ ܒܝܢܬ 1983 ܥܕܡܐ ܠ1991 ܘܬܚܠܘܦܐ ܕܪܝܫ ܘܙܝܪ̈ܐ ܒܝܢܬ 1979 ܥܕܡܐ ܠ2003 ܒܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ ܒܙܒܢܐ ܕܨܕܐܡ ܚܘܣܝܢ܀

## ܐܣܪ̈ܐ ܒܪ̈ܝܐ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܥܝܪܐܩ
ܙܓܐ (ܢܩܘܫܐ)

thumb|250px|ܙܓܐ

**ܙܓܐ** ܗܘ ܡܐܢܐ ܓܠܝܠܐ  ܕܦܪܙܠܐ ܐܘ ܕܢܚܫܐ ܐܘ ܫܪܟܐ ܒܐܣܟܝܡ ܟܣܐ ܕܙܐܓ ܘܥܒܕ ܩܠܐ܀
ܢܩܘܫܐ

[thumb|250px|ܕܝܪܝܐ [ܪܘܣܝܐ ܡܚܐ ܠܢܩܘܫܐ]]

ܢܩܘܫܐ ܗܘ ܠܘܚܐ ܡܢ ܩܝܣܐ ܐܘ ܡܢ ܦܪܙܠܐ ܕܡܚܝܢ ܠܗ ܒܥܕ̈ܬܐ ܐܘ ܒܕܝܪ̈ܐ ܠܡܟܢܫܘ ܠܐܢܫܐ ܐܘ ܠܕܝܪ̈ܝܐ ܠܨܠܘܬܐ܀
ܐܝܘܐܢܢܝܣ ܦܘܡܐ ܕܕܗܒܐ

[thumb|ܨܘܪܬܐ ܕܐܝܘܐܢܝܣ ܦܘܡܐ ܕܕܗܒܐ ܒ[ܗܓܝܐ ܣܘܦܝܐ]]

**ܐܝܘܐܢܢܝܣ ܦܘܡܐ ܕܕܗܒܐ** (ܝܘܢܐܝܬ ܥܬܝܩܐ: Ιωάννης ο Χρυσόστομος) (ܐܝܠܝܕ 345 ܒܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ - ܡܝܬ 14 ܐܝܠܘܠ 407 ܒܦܘܢܛܘܣ) ܗܘܐ ܟܪܘܙܐ ܘܐܦܣܩܘܦܐ ܕܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܦܘܠܝܣ ܡܢ 26 ܫܒܛ 398 ܠ403. ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܐܒܗ̈ܬܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܘܣܝܡ ܡܠܦܢܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܒ1568 ܒܥܕܬܐ ܪܗܘܡܝܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܩܕܝܫܐ
ܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܦܘܠܝܣ

[thumb|350px|ܟܪܛܝܣܐ ܕܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܦܘܠܝܣ ܠܚܡܐ ܥܠ ܦܢܝܬܐ ܕ[ܦܐܬܚ ܒܐܝܣܛܢܒܘܠ ܝܘܡܢܐ]]

**ܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܦܘܠܝܣ** (ܝܘܢܐܝܬ ܥܬܝܩܐ Κωνσταντινούπολις܆ ܠܐܛܝܢܐܝܬ Constantinopolis܆ ܥܘܬܐܡܢܐܝܬ قسطنطینیه܆ ܛܘܪܩܐܝܬ Kostantiniyye) ܗܘܬ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕܪܗܘܡܐ (ܡܢ ܫܢ̈ܝ 330 ܥܕܡܐ ܠ395) ܘܕܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܪܗܘܡܝܐ ܡܕܢܚܝܐ (ܐܘܟܝܬ ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܒܝܙܢܛܝܐ) (ܡܢ 395ܥܕܡܐ ܠ1204 ܘܡܢ 1261ܥܕܡܐ ܠ1453) ܘܕܐܬܪܐ ܦܪܢܓܝܐ ܦܣܝܩܝܐ ܕܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܠܐܛܝܢܝܐ (ܡܢ 1204 ܥܕܡܐ ܠ1261) ܘܕܫܘܠܛܢܘܬܐ ܥܘܬܡܐܢܝܬܐ (ܡܢ 1453ܥܕܡܐ ܠ1923). ܒܬܪ ܡܢ ܫܘܬܣܐ ܕܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܛܘܪܩܝܬܐ ܐܫܬܢܝܬ ܗܘܬ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܗ̇ ܕܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܠܐܢܩܪܐ ܘܫܠܝܛܐܝܬ ܐܫܬܚܠܦܬ ܗܘܬ ܫܡܐ ܕܟܠܗ̇ ܡܕܢܝܬܐ ܠܐܝܣܛܢܒܘܠ (ܐܠܐ ܫܡܗ̇ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܝܘܢܝܐ ܥܕܟܝܠ ܢܬܩܪܐ ܩܘܢܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܦܘܠܝܣ). ܗܫܐ ܫܡܐ ܕܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܦܘܠܝܣ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܦܢܝܬܐ ܕܐܝܣܛܢܒܘܠ. ܢܦܠܐ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܫܪܫܢܝܬܐ ܒܓܒܐ ܡܥܪܒܝܐ ܐܘܪܘܦܝܐ ܘܐܝܬܝܗ̇ ܠܒܗ̇ ܕܐܝܣܛܢܒܘܠ ܝܘܡܢܐ܀

ܩܕܡ ܫܢܬ 324 ܬܬܩܪܐ ܗܘܬ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܝܙܢܛܝܘܡ ܘܐܥܒܕܗ̇ ܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܣ ܪܒܐ ܠܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܚܕܬܐ ܕܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܪܗܘܡܝܐ ܒܫܢܬܐ ܗܝ. ܐܫܬܡܗܬ ܗܘܬ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܥܠ ܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܣ (ܣܘܟܠܐ ܕܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܦܘܠܝܣ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܝܘܢܝܐ ܗܘ ܡܕܝܢܬ ܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܣ) ܘܐܬܥܗܕܬ ܗܘܬ ܒ11 ܒܐܝܪ ܒ330. ܡܢ ܡܨܥܐ ܕܕܪܐ ܕܚܡܫܐ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܕܪܐ ܕܬܠܬܥܣܪ ܒܟܝܪܝܐ ܗܘܬ ܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܦܘܠܝܣ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܘܥܬܝܪܬܐ ܒܟܠܗ̇ ܐܘܪܘܦܐ. ܐܬܛܒܒܬ ܗܘܬ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܠܐܡܢ̈ܝܗ̇ ܐܪ̈ܕܝܟܠܘܬܢܝܐ ܐܝܟ ܗܐܓܝܐ ܣܘܦܝܐ (ܥܘܡܪܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܐܘܪܬܘܕܘܟܣܝܬܐ ܡܕܢܚܝܬܐ ܕܗܘܬ ܟܘܪܣܝܐ ܕܦܛܪܝܪܟܘܬܐ ܐܘܝܩܘܡܢܝܩܝܬܐ) ܘܐܦܕܢܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܕܒܓܘܗ̇ ܢܥܡܪܘܢ ܗܘܘ ܩܣܪ̈ܘ ܘܒܘܪܓܐ ܕܓܠܐܛܐ ܐܦܕܪܡܘܣ ܛܒܝܒܐ ܘܬܪܥܐ ܕܗܒܢܝܐ ܘܐܦܕ̈ܢܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܬܐ ܥܘܬܪ̈ܢܝܬܐ ܕܐܟܣܕܪ̈ܐ ܘܕܫܘܩ̈ܐ. ܐܫܬܬܣ ܒܝܬ ܨܘܒܐ ܕܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܦܘܠܝܣ ܒܕܪܐ ܕܚܡܫܐ ܘܐܝܬ ܗܘܘ ܒܗ ܣܘܓܐܐ ܕܣܝ̈ܡܬܐ ܕܐܡܢ̈ܐ ܘܕܟܬܒ̈ܐ ܩܕܡ ܐܙܕܟܝܬ ܗܘܬ ܒܫܢܬ 1204 ܘܬܘܒ ܒ1453 ܐܝܟ ܒܒܝܬ ܐܪ̈ܟܐ ܟܒܝܪܐ ܕܝܠܗ̇ ܕܐܝܬ ܗܘܘ ܒܗ ܨܚܚ̈ܐ ܡܢ ܒܝܬ ܐܪ̈ܟܐ ܕܐܠܟܣܢܕܪܝܐ ܘܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ ܥܣܪܐ ܪ̈ܒܘܢ ܡܓ̈ܠܝܢ ܕܟܬܒ̈ܐ ܥܬܝܩ̈ܐ. ܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܦܘܠܝܣ ܗܘܬ ܪܘܪܒܐܝܬ ܐܢܢܩܝܬܐ ܥܠ ܦܪܣܐ ܕܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܒܥܕ̈ܢܐ ܕܪܘܗܡܐ ܘܕܒܝܙܢܛܝܘܡ ܒܛܘܦܣܐ ܕܒܝܬܐ ܕܦܛܪܝܪܟܘܬܐ ܐܘܝܩܘܡܢܝܩܝܬܐ ܕܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܦܘܠܝܣ ܘܒܛܘܦܣܐ ܕܢܛܘܪܬܐ ܕܫܪ̈ܟܢܐ ܩܕ̈ܝܫܐ ܕܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܐܝܟ ܟܠܝܠܐ ܕܟܘܒ̈ܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܨܠܝܒܐ ܬܪܝܨܐ܀


ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܒܝܙܢܛܝܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܘܩܘܪܝܐ ܪܗܘܡܝܬܐ ܒܛܘܪܩܝܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܩܕܝܫܬܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܣ ܪܒܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܫܘܬܣܐ ܒ330
ܣܕܪܐ:ܬܪܩܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܕܐܝܣܛܢܒܘܠ
ܫܘܡܪܐ

[thumb|ܫܘܡܪܐ ܕܢܦܩ ܡܢ [ܪܕܝܬܐ]]

**ܫܘܡܪܐ** ܐܘ **ܫܡܪܐ** ܗܘ ܬܢܢܐ ܐܘܟܡܐ ܕܢܦܩ ܡܢ ܝܩܕܐ ܕܩܝܣܐ ܐܘ ܕܫܚܘܪ̈ܐ ܐܘ ܫܪܟܐ܀
ܩܛܡܐ

thumb|350px|ܩܛܡܐ ܡܢ ܩܝܣܐ ܝܩܝܕܐ

**ܩܛܡܐ** ܗܘ ܟܠ ܡܠܘܐܐ ܠܐ ܡܬܬܘܩܕܢܐ ܘܫܪܟܢܐ ܕܡܕܡ ܡܬܬܘܩܕܢܐ ܡܢ ܒܬܪ ܕܬܓܡܘܪ ܢܘܪܐ ܠܗ܀
ܬܢܢܐ

[thumb|ܬܢܢܐ ܡܢ [ܢܘܪܐ ܒܒܪܝܐ]]

**ܬܢܢܐ** ܐܘ **ܐܠܘܪܐ** ܗܘ ܠܗܓܐ ܕܢܦܩ ܡܢ ܡܠܘܐܐ ܡܕܡ ܟܕ ܝܩܕ܀
ܒܝܬ ܠܚܡ

thumb|300px|ܥܕܬܐ ܕܒܝܬܝܠܕܐ

**ܒܝܬ ܠܚܡ** ܐܘ **ܐܦܪܬ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ: בית לחם܆ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ: بيت لحم) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܦܠܣܛܝܢ. ܩܕܝܫܐ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܠܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܡܛܠ ܕܒܗ̇ ܐܬܝܠܕ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ܀


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Betlehem-Geburtskirche-46-Mosaik-2010-gje.jpg
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ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܦܠܣܛܝܢ
ܐܒܪܗܡ

[thumb|ܕܒܝܚܘܬܐ ܕ[ܐܝܣܚܩ ܒܝܕ ܪܡܒܪܢܛ.]]

**ܐܒܪܗܡ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ אַבְרָהָם) ܗܘ ܢܒܝܐ ܪܒܐ ܕܝܗܘܕ̈ܝܐ ܘܕܡܫܝܚ̈ܝܐ ܘܕܡܫܠܡ̈ܢܐ܀

ܐܬܝܠܕ ܐܒܪܗܡ ܒܟܬܒܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܐܘܪ ܕܟܠܕ̈ܝܐ ܘܬܒܥ ܠܦܘܩܕܢܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܠܚܪܢ ܘܠܟܢܥܢ ܘܠܡܨܪܝܢ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܢܒܝܐ
ܐܓܢܛܝܘܣ ܝܘܣܦ ܬܠܝܬܝܐ ܝܘܢܢ

ܡܪܝ **ܐܓܢܛܝܘܣ ܝܘܣܦ ܬܠܝܬܝܐ ܝܘܢܢ** (ܐܬܝܠܕ 15 ܒܬܫܪܝܢ ܒ 1944)، ܗܘ ܦܛܪܝܪܟܐ ܘܪܝܫܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܬܐ. ܐܬܝܠܕ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܚܣܟܗ ܒܣܘܪܝܐ ܘܐܣܬܝܡ ܟܗܢܐ ܒܫܢܬ 1971. ܐܬܪܫܡ ܐܦܝܣܩܘܦܐ ܥܠ ܡܪܥܝܬܐ ܕܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܩܬܘܠܝ̈ܩܝܐ ܒܐܘܚܕ̈ܢܐ ܡܚܝܕ̈ܐ ܕܐܡܪܝܩܐ ܒܫܢܬ 1995܀

ܐܬܓܒܝ ܥܠ ܦܛܪܝܪܟܘܬܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܬܐ ܒ20 ܟܢܘܢ ܒ 2009܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܦܛܪܝܪܟܘ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܬܐ
ܪܝܗܐܢܐ

thumb|ܪܝܗܐܢܐ ܒܫܢܬ ܒ2011

**ܪܘܒܝܢ ܪܝܗܐܢܐ ܦܝܢܛܝ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ Robyn Rihanna Fenty) ܐܘ ܦܫܝܛܐܝܬ **ܪܝܗܐܢܐ** (Rihanna܄ ܐܬܝܠܕܬ 20 ܒܫܒܛ 1988) ܗܝ ܙܡܪܬܐ ܒܪܒܐܕܝܬܐ. ܙܡܝܪܬܗ ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ܐܬܚܙܬ ܫܢܬ 2005 ܒܫܡ "ܦܘܢ ܕܗ ܪܦܠܝ" (Pon de Replay)܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܙܡܪܐ
ܠܝܢܘܟܣ

thumb|ܛܘܟܣ (Tux), ܚܕ ܡܢ ܪ̈ܘܫܡܐ ܕܠܝܢܘܟܣ.
**ܠܝܢܘܟܣ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ: Linux), ܗܘ ܚܘܪܙܐ ܕܥܘܝܢܐ ܕܚܫܘܒܐ. ܐܬܗܘܐ ܗܢܐ ܚܘܪܙܐ ܥܠ ܝܕ ܠܝܢܘܣ ܛܘܪܒܐܠܕܣ ܒܫܢܬ 1990܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܚܫܘܒܐ
ܦܘܪܬܥܢܐ

thumb|ܦܘܪܬܥܢܐ

**ܦܘܪܬܥܢܐ** ܪ̈ܚܫܐ ܙܥܘܪܐ ܕܢܕܐ ܘܡܬܬܪܣܐ ܡܢ ܕܡܐ ܕܐܢܫܐ ܘܚܝܘܬ̈ܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܚܝܘܬܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܪܚܫܐ
ܩܪܕܐ (ܪܚܫܐ)

thumb|ܩܪܕܐ

**ܩܪܕܐ** ܐܘ **ܦܫܦܫܐ** ܐܘ **ܛܠܦܘܢܐ** ܗܘ ܪ̈ܚܫܐ ܙܥܘܪܐ ܕܡܬܛܦܐ ܘܡܬܬܪܣܐ ܡܢ ܕܡܐ ܕܚܝܘܬ̈ܐ ܘܕܛܝܪ̈ܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܚܝܘܬܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܪܚܫܐ
ܩܘܦܬܐ (ܛܝܪܐ)

thumb|200px|ܩܘܦܬܐ

**ܩܘܦܬܐ** ܐܘ **ܩܦܘܦܐ** ܐܘ **ܒܘܡܐ** ܐܘ **ܩܘܦܕܐ** ܗܝ ܦܪܚܬܐ ܝܕܝܥܬܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܥܝܢ̈ܐ ܪ̈ܒܐ ܕܡܬܬܪܣܐ ܥܠ ܥܘܩܒܪ̈ܐ ܘܥܠ ܐܪ̈ܢܒܐ ܘܫܪܟܐ ܕܚܝܘ̈ܬܐ ܙܥܘܪ̈ܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܛܝܪܐ
ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܗܘܠܢܕܐ

thumb|ܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܗܘܠܢܕܐ ܒܓܘܢܐ ܣܘܡܩܐ

**ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܗܘܠܢܕܐ** (ܗܘܠܢܕܐܝܬ: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden) ܗܝ ܦܘܠܘܛܝܐ ܐܘܟܝܬ ܐܬܪܐ ܫܠܝܛܬܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܒܗ̇ ܐܪܒܥܐ ܐܬܪ̈ܘܢ: ܗܘܠܢܕܐ܇ ܐܪܘܒܐ܇ ܩܘܪܐܨܐܘ ܘܡܪܝ ܡܐܪܛܝܢ ܘܟܠ ܐܬܪܐ ܐܫܘܐ ܒܐܘܣܝܐ ܒܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܗܕܐ܀
ܠܘܚܐ (ܚܫܘܒܬܐ)

**ܠܘܚܐ** ܗܝ ܚܫܘܒܐ ܛܥܝܢܐ ܘܙܥܘܪ ܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ ܚܫܘܒܐ ܥܝܕܝܐ. ܡܩܪܒ ܩܠܝܠ ܡܢ ܣܘܥܪ̈ܢܐ ܕܢܝܫܐ ܕܝܠܗ̇ ܡܛܟܣܬܐ ܘܡܫܦܪܢܬܐ ܕܚܝ̈ܐ ܝܘܡܝ̈ܐ܀܀܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܚܫܘܒܐ
ܝܩܕܐ

[thumb|[ܩܝܣܐ ܗܘ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܝܩܕ̈ܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܡܬܦܠܚ ܒܒܪܢܫܐ ܘܙܠ ܚܫܒ ܡܒܘܥܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܚܝܠܐ ܒܣܓ ܐܬܪܘܬܐ ܕܬܝܒܠ.]]
ܝܩܕ̈ܐ ܗܘ ܟܠ ܡܢܕܝ ܕܚܒܫ ܚܝܠܐ. ܘܠܡܦܩܬܗ ܒܬܪܟܝܢ ܠܥܒܕܐ ܫܘܓܠ̈ܐ ܡܝܟܐܢܝܟܝܐ ܒܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܬܗܘܐ ܡܫܘܠܛܢܬܐ. ܘܐܝܬ ܣܓܝ ܛܓܡ̈ܐ ܕܝܩܕܐ ܕܡܬܦܠܚ ܒܒܢܝܢܫܐ ܐܝܟ ܢܦܛܐ ܘ ܓܝܣܐ ܘ ܫܚܘܪܐ.

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܩܕ̈ܐ
ܕܪܥܐ (ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ)

thumb|ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܕܪܥܐ

**ܕܪܥܐ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ:  درعا‎) ܗܝ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܒܬܝܡܢ ܡܥܪܒ ܕܐܬܪܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܐ. ܐܝܬ ܠܗ̇ 998.000 ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܢ ܒܫܢܬܐ ܕ2010܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*ܕܪܥܐ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ)

ܣܕܪܐ:ܣܘܪܝܐ
ܫܥܘܬܐ (ܡܠܘܐܐ)

[thumb|ܫܥܘܬܐ ܥܡ [ܕܒܫܬܐ]]

**ܫܥܘܬܐ** ܐܘ **ܩܪܘܬܐ** ܗܝ ܡܠܘܐܐ ܟܡܠܐܝܐ ܪܟܝܟܐܐܠܐ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܛܡܝܡܐ ܒܕܪܓܐ ܕܚܡܝܡܘܬܐ ܥܝܕܝܬܐ. ܕ̈ܒܫܝܬܐ (ܕܒܘܪ̈ܝܬܐ) ܥܒܕܝܢ ܟܟܪ̈ܝܬܐ ܕܕܒܫܐ ܡܢܗ܀
ܕܒܫܬܐ

[thumb|300px|ܕܒܫܬܐ ܥܠ [ܗܒܒܐ]]

**ܕܒܫܬܐ** (ܣܘܕܝܬܐ ܐܠܐ ܚܪܝܦ ܐܝܬܝܗ ܡܢ ܟܬܒܢܝܬܐ) ܐܘ **ܕܒܘܪܬܐ** ܐܘ **ܕܒܘܪܝܬܐ** ܗܝ ܪ̈ܚܫܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ ܕܒܫܐ ܘܫܥܘܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܪܚܫܐ
ܟܟܪܝܬܐ ܕܕܒܫܐ

thumb|300px|ܟܟܪܝܬܐ ܕܕܒܫܐ

**ܟܟܪܝܬܐ ܕܕܒܫܐ** ܗܝ ܟܘܬܐ ܕܫܥܘܬܐ ܕܡܬܩܢܢ ܠܗ ܕ̈ܒܫܬܐ (ܕܒܘܪ̈ܝܬܐ)܀
ܛܝܢܐ

thumb|300px|ܨܘܪܬܐ ܕܛܝܢܐ

**ܛܝܢܐ** ܐܘ **ܣܝܢܐ** ܐܘ **ܟܣܠܝܬܐ** ܗܘ ܥܦܪܐ ܐܘ ܚܠܐ ܕܓܒܝܠ ܒܡܝ̈ܐ܀
ܚܠܐ (ܥܦܪܐ)

[thumb|ܥܠܥܠܐ ܕܚܠܐ ܒܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܕ[ܬܩܣܣ ܒܫܢܬ 1935]]

**ܚܠܐ** ܗܘ ܥܦܪܐ ܛܡܝܡܐ ܘܕܩܝܩܐ. ܥܠܥܠܐ ܕܚܠܐ ܡܒܨܪ ܠܚܙܬܐ ܘܡܟܪܝ ܠܢܦܫܐ܀
ܟܢܘܫܝܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ

[thumb|350px|ܒܢܝܢܐ ܕܟܢܘܫܝܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ ܒ[ܓܒܥܬ ܪܡ ܒܐܘܪܫܠܡ]]

**ܟܢܘܫܝܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ הָאָקָדֶמְיָה לַלָּשׁוֹן הָעִבְרִית *ܗܐܩܕܡܝܐ ܠܠܫܘܢ ܗܥܒܪܝܬ*) ܐܫܬܪܝ ܡܢ ܫܘܠܛܢܘܬܐ ܕܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܒܫܢܬ 1953 ܠܡܗܘܐ ܡܕܒܪܢܘܬܐ ܥܠܝܬܐ ܠܐܣܟܘܠܝܘܬܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ܀

## ܬܫܥܝܬܐ
ܡܠܝ ܟܢܘܫܝܐ ܠܘܥܕܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ ܕܐܫܬܪܝ ܗܘܐ ܒܫܢܬ 1890 ܡܢ ܐܠܝܥܙܪ ܒܢ ܝܗܘܕܐ ܕܗܘܐ ܪܝܫܗ ܩܕܡܝܐ. ܟܕ ܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ ܗܘܐ ܠܫܢܐ ܡܡܠܠܐ ܒܦܠܣܛܝܢ ܘܐܬܢܣܒ ܗܘܐ ܡܢ ܫܘܠܛܢܘܬܐ ܕܝܠܝܦܘܬܐ ܕܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ܆ ܐܦܪܝ ܘܥܕܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ ܠܛܒ̈ܐ ܘܠܣܦܪ̈ܝ ܡ̈ܠܐ. ܘܥܕܐ ܒܪܐ ܐܠܦܝ̈ܐ ܕܡ̈ܠܐ ܕܢܬܚܫܚܢ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ ܝܘܡܢܐ. ܟܢܘܫܝܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ ܚܒܫ ܠܡܒܪܐ ܡ̈ܠܐ ܥܒܪ̈ܝܬܐ ܚܕ̈ܬܬܐ܀

## ܐܣܪ̈ܐ ܒܪ̈ܝܐ

* ܟܢܘܫܝܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ 

ܣܕܪܐ:ܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ
ܫܥܬܐ ܕܐܪܥܐ

[thumb|300px|[ܩܘܠܘܣܝܐܘܡ ܚܫܝܟܐ ܒܫܥܬܐ ܕܐܪܥܐ]]

**ܫܥܬܐ ܕܐܪܥܐ** ܗܝ ܣܘܥܪܢܐ ܥܠܡܝܐ ܕܒܗ ܒܪܩܐ ܢܬܩܛܥ ܨܒܝܢܐܝܬ ܒܡܕ̈ܝܢܬܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܬܐ ܒܥܠܡܐ ܠܡܕܟܪܘ ܫܘܚܠܦܐ ܕܡܘܙܓܐ. ܐܦ ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܒܗܢܐ ܝܘܡܐ ܡܕܥܟܝܢ ܠܒܪܩܐ ܒܒܐܬ ܠܒܬܝ̈ܗܘܢ ܒܝܢܬ ܫܥ̈ܐ ܕ20:30 ܘܕ19:30܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܣܘܥܪܢܐ
ܬܫܢܝܬܐ

**ܬܫܢܝܬܐ** (ܡܢ **ܫܝܢ** ܘ**ܫܝܢܐ**) ܗܝ ܐܕܫܐ ܕܕܘܒܪ ܩܢܛܐ ܕܢܛܪ ܡܪܗ ܐܘ ܙܒܢܐ ܕܗܕܐ ܬܫܢܝܬܐ ܡܢ ܚܘܣܪܢܐ. ܐܝܬ ܐܕ̈ܫܐ ܣܓܝܐܐ ܕܬܫܢܝܬ̈ܐ ܐܝܟ ܬܫܢܝܬܐ ܕܪܕܝܬܐ ܘܬܫܢܝܬܐ ܚܝܐ ܘܬܫܢܝܬܐ ܕܚܘܠܡܢܐ ܘܫܪܟܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܙܘܙܐ
ܓܓܘܠܬܐ

[thumb|300px|ܕܘܟܬܐ ܕܓܓܘܠܬܐ ܒܓܘ [ܥܕܬܐ ܕܩܝܡܬܐ]]

**ܓܓܘܠܬܐ** (ܐܪܡܐܝܬ: גָּגוּלתָּא) ܗܝ ܕܘܟܬܐ ܠܒܪ ܡܢ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ ܕܒܗ ܐܨܛܠܒ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ. ܣܘܟܠܐ ܕܫܡܐ ܕܓܓܘܠܬܐ ܗܘ ܩܪܩܦܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ
ܐܝܓܢܐܛܝܘܣ ܡܘܫܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܐܘܕ

ܡܪܢ **ܐܝܓܢܐܛܝܘܣ ܡܘܫܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܐܘܕ** ܗܘܐ ܦܛܪܝܪܟܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܬܐ ܘܟܪܕܝܢܠܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܐ ܒܪܗܘܡܐ. ܐܬܝܠܕ ܒ18 ܐܝܠܘܠ 1930 ܒܡܣܟܢܐ ܒܣܘܪܝܐ. ܐܬܪܫܡ ܐܦܣܩܘܦܐ ܥܠ ܚܡܨ ܒܫܢܬ 1994 ܘܦܛܪܝܪܟܐ ܥܠ ܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܬܐ ܒܝܢܬ1998 ܘ2001. ܡܝܬ ܒ7 ܢܝܣܢ 2012 ܒܪܗܘܡܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܦܛܪܝܪܟܘ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܬܐ
ܒܝܬ ܟܬܒܐ ܐܬܪܝܐ ܕܐܣܪܐܝܠ

thumb|ܒܢܝܢܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܟܬ̈ܒܐ ܐܬܪܝܐ ܕܐܣܪܐܝܠ

**ܒܝܬ ܟܬ̈ܒܐ ܐܬܪܝܐ ܕܐܣܪܐܝܠ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ: הספרייה הלאומית. ܒܩܕܡܝܬܐ ܒܝܬ ܟܬ̈ܒܐ ܐܬܪܝܐ ܕܝܗܘܕ̈ܝܐ ܘܕܒܝܬ ܨܘܒܐ) ܗܘ ܒܝܬ ܟܬ̈ܒܐ ܐܬܪܝܐ ܕܐܬܪܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܟܬ̈ܒܐ ܐܝܬ ܒܗ ܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ ܚܡܫܐ ܡܠܝܘܢ̈ܐ ܟܬܒܝ̈ܢ ܘܐܬܢܦܠ ܒܦܢܝܬܐ ܕܓܒܐܬ ܪܐܡ ܒܒܝܬ ܨܘܒܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ ܕܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܐܘܪܫܠܡ܀

## ܐܣܪ̈ܐ ܒܪ̈ܝܐ

* ܒܝܬ ܟܬ̈ܒܐ ܐܬܪܝܐ ܕܐܣܪܐܝܠ' 

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܣܪܐܝܠ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܝܬ ܟܬܒܐ
ܒܝܬ ܥܬܩܐ ܕܐܣܪܐܝܠ

thumb|ܒܝܬ ܥܬ̈ܩܐ ܕܐܣܪܐܝܠ

**ܒܝܬ ܥܬ̈ܩܐ ܕܐܣܪܐܝܠ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ: מוזיאון ישראל) ܐܫܬܬܐܣ ܗܢܐ ܒܝܬ ܥܬ̈ܩܐ ܒܫܢܬ 1965 ܡܫܝܚܝܬܐ. ܐܬܢܦܠ ܥܠ ܬܠܐ ܒܦܢܝܬܐ ܕܓܒܐܬ ܪܐܡ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܩܘܪܒܐ ܕܗܟܢܝܣܝܬ ܘܕܒܝܬ ܨܘܒܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ ܕܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܘܕܒܝܬ ܕܝܢܐ ܥܠܝܐ ܕܐܣܪܐܝܠ܀

## ܐܣܪ̈ܐ ܒܪ̈ܝܐ

* ܒܝܬ ܥܬ̈ܩܐ ܕܐܣܪܐܝܠ'

ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܝܬ ܥܬܩܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܣܪܐܝܠ
ܠܫܢܐ ܫܝܡܝܐ

thumb|ܟܪܛܝܣܐ ܬܫܥܝܬܢܝܬܐ ܕܠܫ̈ܢܐ ܫܝܡ̈ܝܐ

**ܠܫ̈ܢܐ ܫܝܡ̈ܝܐ** ܐܢܘܢ ܟܢܫܐ ܕܠܫ̈ܢܐ ܕܢܬܡܠܠܘܢ ܒܡܕܢܚܐ ܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܘܒܓܪܒܝܐ ܕܐܦܪܝܩܐ. ܠܫ̈ܢܐ ܫܝܡ̈ܝܐ ܕܚܝܝܢ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܥܒܪܝܐ ܘܥܪܒܝܐ ܘܐܪܡܝܐ ܘܡܝܠܛܝܐ ܘܠܫ̈ܢܐ ܕܟܘܫ܀

ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܫܝܡ̈ܝܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܥܢܦܐ ܕܓܪܒܝ-ܡܕܢܚܐ ܒܫܪܒܬܐ ܕܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܐܦܪ̈ܘ-ܐܣܝܐܬܝܐ (ܕܡܬܩܪܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܩܕܡܐܝܬ "ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܫܝܡܝ̈ܐ-ܚܡܝ̈ܐ"). ܟܘܢܝܐ "ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܫܝܡܝ̈ܐ" ܐܫܬܡܗ ܗܘܐ ܡܢ ܡܫܬܥܝܢܐ ܓܪܡܢܝܐ ܐܘܓܘܣܛ ܠܘܕܒܝܓ ܒܘܢ ܫܠܘܬܣܪ ܒܫܢܬܐ ܕ1781. ܟܘܢܝܐ ܐܫܬܐܣ ܥܠ ܦܘܓܪܦܐ ܕ"ܠܘܚ ܥܡܡ̈ܐ" ܕܒܕܝܬܝܩܝ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ ܕܒܗ ܢܦܓܪܦ ܠܦܘܪܫܐ ܕܥܡܡ̈ܐ ܕܥܠܡܐ ܡܢ ܒܢ̈ܝ ܢܘܚ ܠܒܬܪܟܢ ܛܘܦܢܐ. ܫܝܡ ܒܪ ܢܘܚ ܢܬܚܫܒ ܐܝܟ ܐܒܘܗܘܢ ܕܐܫܘܪ ܘܕܐܪܡ ܘܐܝܟ ܐܒܘܗܝ ܕܣܒܗ ܕܥܒܪ܆ ܗܢܘܢ ܡܬܝܕܥܝܢ ܐܝܟ ܫܡܗ̈ܐ ܕܡܠܟܘ̈ܬܐ ܐܘ ܕܥܡܡ̈ܐ ܕܡܡܠܠܝܢ ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܫܝܡ̈ܝܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܠܫܢܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܐܦܪܘ-ܐܣܝܐܬܝܐ
ܢܩܘܕ

**ܢܩܘܕ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ נִקּוּד) ܗܘ ܛܟܣܐ ܕܢܘܩܙ̈ܐ ܕܢܬܚܫܚ ܠܡܚܙܐ ܙܘܥ̈ܐ ܘܩ̈ܠܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܕܐܬܘ̈ܬܐ ܒܟܬܒܬܐ ܕܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܥܒܪܝܐ.

ܣܕܪܐ:ܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ
ܓܙܪܬܐ ܝܒܫܢܝܬܐ

[thumb|400px|ܓܙܪܬܐ ܝܒܫܢܝܬܐ ܕ[ܐܝܒܪܝܐ]]

**ܓܙܪܬܐ ܝܒܫܢܝܬܐ** ܐܘ **ܕܡܘܬ ܓܙܪܬܐ** ܒܡܟܬܒܢܘܬ ܐܪܥܐ ܗܝ ܩܛܥܐ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܕܢܬܬܚܡ ܡܢ ܡܝ̈ܐ ܒܬܠܬ ܦܢܝ̈ܢ ܘܢܬܐܣܪ ܡܢ ܝܒܫܐ ܒܦܢܝܬܐ ܐܚܪܝܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܟܬܒܢܘܬ ܐܪܥܐ
ܐܬܪܘܬܐ ܕܫܐܡ

thumb|250px|ܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܕܫܐܡ ܒܝܘܪܩܐ

**ܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܕܫܐܡ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ بلاد الشام܆ ܥܒܪܐܝܬ הלבנט) ܐܢܘܢ **ܣܘܪܝܐ ܪܒܬܐ** ܐܘ **ܣܘܪܝܐ ܬܫܥܝܬܢܝܬܐ** ܗܝ ܚܫܚܬܐ ܡܟܬܒܢܘܬܐ ܐܪܥܝܬܐ ܕܬܚܒܘܫ ܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܢܬ ܐܢܛܘܠܝܐ ܘܡܨܪܝܢ. ܗܠܝܢ ܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܣܘܪܝܐ ܘܝܘܪܕܢܢ ܘܠܒܢܢ ܘܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܘܦܠܣܛܝܢ܀
ܠܝܠܐ ܕܘܢܤ

thumb|ܠܝܠܐ ܕܘܢܣ ܒ2007

**ܐܢܐ ܠܝܠܐ ܕܘܢܤ ܤܐܢܫܤ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ: Ana Lila Downs Sanchez) ܐܘ ܦܫܝܛܐܝܬ **ܠܝܠܐ ܕܘܢܤ** (Lila Downs; ܘܐܟܐܩܐ, ܡܟܣܝܩܘ ܐܝܠܘܠ 9 ܒܫܒܛ 1968) ܗܝ ܙܡܪܬܐ ܒܪܒܐܕܝܬܐ. ܙܡܝܪܬܗ ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ܐܬܚܙܬ ܫܢܬ 1999 ܒܫܡ "*ܠܐ ܤܐܢܕܘܢܓܐ*" "*(La Sandunga)*"܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܙܡܪܐ
ܘܐܟܐܩܐ ܕܝ ܟܘܐܪܝܣ

thumb|ܘܐܟܐܩܐ ܕܝ ܟܘܐܪܝܣ ܒ 2012܀
**ܘܐܟܐܩܐ ܕܝ ܟܘܐܪܝܣ** ܐܘ ܦܫܝܛܐܝܬ **ܘܐܟܐܩܐ** (ܐܣܦܢܐܝܬ Oaxaca de Juárez) ܗܝ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܘܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܕܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܕܘܐܟܐܩܐ ܒܡܟܣܝܩܘ. ܐܝܬ ܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ 265,006 ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܢ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܘܐܟܐܩܐ ܡܢ ܡܟܬܒܢܘܬܐ ܕܫܢܬܐ ܕ2005܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
* ܠܝܠܐ ܕܘܢܤ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܡܟܣܝܩܘ
ܐܘܩܝܢܘܣ ܬܝܡܢܝܐ

thumb|ܡܦܐ ܕܐܘܩܝܢܘܣ ܬܝܡܢܝܐ

**ܐܘܩܝܢܘܣ ܬܝܡܢܝܐ** ܐܘ **ܐܘܩܝܢܘܣ ܬܝܡܢܝܐ ܪܒܐ** ܐܘ **ܐܘܩܝܢܘܣ ܓܠܝܕܐ ܬܝܡܢܝܐ** ܐܘ **ܐܘܩܝܢܘܣ ܕܩܘܛܒܐ ܬܝܡܢܝܐ**. ܘܗܢܐ ܐܘܩܝܢܘܣ ܐܝܬ ܒܗ ܡܝ̈ܐ ܕܐܘܩܝܢܘ ܬܝܒܠܝܐ ܒܣܘܦܐ ܕܬܝܡܢܐ. ܘܗܢܐ ܐܘܩܝܢܘܣ ܠܦܦ ܝܒܫܬܐ ܕܐܢܛܐܪܩܛܝܩܐ (ܩܘܛܒܐ ܬܝܡܢܝܐ). ܘܐܬܚܫܒ ܗܢܐ ܐܘܩܝܢܘܣ ܕܐܪܒܥ ܒܪܒܘܬܐ ܒܝܢܬ ܚܡܫ ܐܘܩܝܢܘ ܪܫܝ̈ܐ܀

thumb|ܡܦܐ ܕܐܘܩܝܢܘܣ ܬܝܡܢܝܐ
thumb|ܨܘܪܬܐ ܠܝܒܫܬܐ ܩܘܛܒܐ ܬܝܡܢܝܐ ܡܢ ܐܘܩܝܢܘܣ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܘܩܝܢܘ
ܩܪܕܚܘܬܐ

thumb|ܩܪܕܚܘܬܐ

**ܩܪܕܚܘܬܐ** ܗܝ  ܚܕ ܡܢ  ܐܘܡܢܘ̈ܬܐ ܨܢܥܝ̈ܬܐ. ܩܪܕܚܐ ܗܘ ܕܦܠܚ ܦܪܙܠܐ ܘܫܪܟܐ ܕܚܦܪ̈ܐ. ܢܩܒܐ ܕܩܪܕܚܐ ܗܝ ܩܪܕܚܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܘܡܢܘܬܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܫܕܬܐ
ܡܚܪܐ

[thumb|ܨܘܪܬܐ ܕܡܚܘܪ̈ܐ ܒܦܠܚܐ ܥܠ ܚܕ [ܛܘܪܒܝܢܐ ܕܟܗܪܒܐ]]
**ܡܚܪܘܬܐ** (ܒܠܫܢܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ:Engineer) ܗܘ ܟܠ ܡܢ ܕܐܡܢ ܫܕܬܐ ܐܘ ܨܢܥܬ ܕܡܚܪܘܬܐ. ܘܕܡܦܠܚ ܝܕܥܝܬ̈ܐ ܕܝܘܠܦܢܐ ܘܡܢܝܘܬܐ ܠܫܪܝܬܐ ܕܩܛܪ̈ܐ ܬܩܢܝ̈ܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܘܡܢܘܬܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܫܕܬܐ
ܟܗܪܒܐ

thumb|ܟܗܪܒܝܐ܇ ܓܐܝܘܬܐ ܦܝܣܝܩܝܬܐ

**ܟܗܪܒܐ** (ܡܢ ܥܪܒܝܐ: كهرباء) ܐܘ **ܐܠܩܛܪܐ** (ܡܢ ܝܘܢܝܐ: ήλεκτρον) ܗܝ ܡܙܚܝܐ ܕܓܐܝܘܬܐ ܦܝܣܝܩܝܬܐ ܬܪܨ ܟܗܪܒܐ ܡܢ ܠܦܐ ܟܗܪܒܝܐ ܕܟܝ ܙܝܥܝ ܐܠܟܬܪܘܢ ܓܘ ܚܘܕܪܐ ܚܠܝܩܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܘܠܦܢ ܟܝܢܝܬܐ
ܐܕܡ

[thumb|350px|ܒܪܝܬܐ ܕܐܕܡ ܒܝܕ [ܡܐܝܟܠ ܐܢܓܠܘ]]

**ܐܕܡ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ:אָדָם) ܗܘ ܒܪ ܐܢܫܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܒܥܠܡܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܬܘܕ̈ܝܬܐ ܕܐܒܪܗܡ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܬܘܕܝܬܐ
ܡܓܢܐ ܕܕܘܝܕ

[thumb|200px|ܡܓܢܐ ܕܕܘܝܕ ܒܨܘܪܬܐ ܕܡܬܚܫܚ ܒ[ܐܬܐ ܕܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ|ܐܬܐ ܕܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ.]]

**[[ܡܓܢܐ]] ܕ[[ܕܘܝܕ ܢܒܝܐ|ܕܘܝܕ]]** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ מָגֵן דָּוִד) ܐܘ **[[ܟܘܟܒܐ]] ܕܕܘܝܕ** ܐܦ ܡܬܩܪܐ ܒܫܡܐ ܕ**[[ܥܙܩܬܐ]] ܕ[[ܫܠܝܡܘܢ ܢܒܝܐ|ܫܠܝܡܘܢ]]** (✡) ܗܘ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܕܬܘܕܝܬܐ ܕܝܗܘܕܝܘܬܐ ܘܕܥܡܐ ܝܗܘܕܝܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܗܘܕܝܘܬܐ
ܚܘܐ

thumb|350px|ܐܕܡ ܘܚܘܐ ܒܝܕ ܠܘܩܐܣ ܩܪܐܢܐܟ

**ܚܘܐ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ :חַוָּה‎) ܗܝ ܐܢܬܬܗ ܕܐܕܡ ܘܐܢܬܬܐ ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ܒܥܠܡܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܬܘܕ̈ܝܬܐ ܕܐܒܪܗܡ ܕܐܬܒܪܝܬ ܒܬܪ ܒܪܝܬܐ ܕܒܥܠܗ ܘܡܢ ܐܠܥܗ ܐܫܬܩܠܬ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܬܘܕܝܬܐ
ܣܦܪܐ (ܩܢܘܢܝܐ)

thumb|ܣܦܪܐ ܦܪܢܣܝܐ ܒܕܪܐ ܥܣܪܝܢܝܐ

**ܣܦܪܐ** ܐܘ **ܩܢܘܢܝܐ** ܗܘ ܐܢܫܐ ܕܡܠܦ ܒܩܢܘܢܐ ܒܒܝܬ ܨܘܒܐ. ܣܦܪ̈ܐ ܒܡܟܬܒܙܒܢܐ ܗܢܘܢ ܕܡܠܦܝܢ ܣܦܪܐ ܕܐܘܪܝܬܐ ܘܟܬܒܝܢ ܣܦܪ̈ܐ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*ܕܝܢܐ (ܩܢܘܢܝܐ)

ܣܕܪܐ: ܝܘܠܦܢ ܩܢܘܢܝܐ
ܙܓܐ ܕܣܦܝܢܬܐ

thumb|250px|ܙܓܐ ܕܣܦܝܢܬܐ

**[[ܙܓܐ]] ܕ[[ܣܦܝܢܬܐ]]** ܣܒܝܣܐܝܬ ܢܬܢܣܟ ܒܢܚܫܐ ܘܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܫܡܗ̇ ܕܣܦܝܢܬܐ ܪܫܝܡܐ ܐܘ ܢܣܝܟܐ ܒܗ܀
2012

**2012** ܗܘܬ ܫܢܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܐ܀

## ܓܕܫ̈ܐ

## ܐܬܝܠܕ

## ܡܝܬ
* 17 ܐܕܪ: ܦܐܦܐ ܫܢܘܕܐ ܬܠܝܬܝܐ
* 7 ܢܝܣܢ: ܐܝܓܢܐܛܝܘܣ ܡܘܫܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܐܘܕ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܕܪܐ ܕܥܣܪܝܢ ܘܚܕ
ܩܘܕܫ ܥܕܬܐ

**ܩܘܕܫ ܥܕܬܐ** ܗܘܝܘ ܚܕܒܫܒܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܪܝܫ ܫܢܬܐ ܥܕܬܢܝܬܐ ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܝܘܡܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܬܫܪܝ ܐܚܪܝ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܫܢܬܐ ܥܕܬܢܝܬܐ
ܢܘܗܪܐ (ܚܙܝܬܐ)

[thumb|250px|ܙܗܪܝܪ̈ܐ ܕܢܘܗܪܐ ܒܕܘܟܬܐ [ܚܫܟܐ|ܚܫܘܟܬܐ]]

**ܢܘܗܪܐ** ܐܘ **ܒܗܪܐ** ܗܘ ܐܕܫܐ ܕܬܘܩܦܐ. ܢܘܗܪܐ ܗܘ ܙܗܪܝܪܐ ܕܡܬܚܙܐ ܠܥܝܢܐ ܘܡܫܬܠܢܐ ܗܘ ܥܠ ܪܓܫܐ ܕܚܙܝܬܐ܀
ܐܘܛܪܝܟܛ

**ܐܘܛܪܝܟܛ** (ܗܘܠܢܕܐܝܬ: Utrecht) ܗܝ:
*ܐܘܛܪܝܟܛ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ)
*ܐܘܛܪܝܟܛ (ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ)
ܓܐܝܘܣ

**ܓܐܝܘܣ** (ܠܐܛܝܢܐܝܬ: CAIVS) ܗܘ ܫܡܐ ܐܘ ܦܪܢܘܡ ܪܗܘܡܝܐ. ܪ̈ܗܘܡܝܐ ܡܫܡܗ̈ܐ ܒܫܡ ܓܐܝܘܣ ܗܢܘܢ:

*ܓܐܝܘܣ ܡܪܝܘܣ܇ ܣܛܪܛܝܠܝܬ ܪܗܘܡܝܐ
*ܓܐܝܘܣ ܝܘܠܝܘܣ ܩܣܪ܇ ܛܪܘܢܐ ܕܪܗܘܡܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ
*ܓܐܝܘܣ ܝܘܠܝܘܣ ܩܣܪ ܐܓܘܣܛܘܣ܇ ܣܘܢܩܠܝܛܘܣ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܪܗܘܡܐ
*ܓܐܝܘܣ܇ ܩܢܘܢܝܐ ܪܗܘܡܝܐ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܫܡܗܐ
ܠܫܢܐ ܦܘܢܝܩܝܐ

**ܠܫܢܐ ܦܘܢܝܩܝܐ** ܗܘܐ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܫܝܡܝ̈ܐ ܕܗܢܘܢ ܕܡܠܠܝܢ ܒܗ ܫܟܝܢ̈ܐ ܕܣܦܪܐ ܡܕܢܚܝܐ ܡܢ ܝܡܐ ܚܘܪܐ ܡܨܥܝܐ ܒܥܬܝܩܘܬܐ ܘܗܝ ܬܚܒܫ ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܕܥܡܐ ܟܢܥܢܝܐ ܐܝܟ ܦܘܢܝܩܝ̈ܐ ܘܥܒܪ̈ܝܐ ܘܡܢ ܒܬܪ ܗܢܘܢ ܦܠܣܛܝܢܝ̈ܐ. ܘܠܫܢܐ ܦܘܢܝܩܝܐ ܩܪܝܒ ܠܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ ܘܩܠܝܠ ܪܚܝܩ ܠܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܘܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܫܝܡܝ̈ܐ ܒܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ ܐܝܟ ܠܫܢܐ ܐܟܕܝܐ. ܘܒܫܘܪܝܐ ܕܐܠܦܐ ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ܟܠ ܗܢܘܢ ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܦܘܢܝܩܝ̈ܐ ܬܠܦܠܘܢ ܘܗܘܘ ܠܚܘܕ ܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ ܠܫܢܐ ܚܝܐ ܘܡܬܦܠܚ ܗܫܐܝܬ ܠܓܢܒ ܝܗܘܕܝܐ ܠܩܪܝܢܐ ܕܟܬܒ̈ܐ ܬܘܕ̈ܝܬܢܝܐ܀

## ܡܫܩܠ̈ܐ
ܐܦܠܓ ܒܨܘܝ̈ܐ ܕܥܬܩ̈ܐ ܘܡܠܫܢܢ̈ܐ ܕܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܦܘܢܝܩܝܐ ܠܬܠܬܐ ܦܣܘܩ̈ܝܢ ܪ̈ܝܫܝܝܢ ܗܢܘܢ:

ܣܕܪܐ:ܠܫܢܐ ܫܝܡܝܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܠܫܢܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ
ܐܘܛܪܝܟܛ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ)

thumb|ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܐܘܛܪܝܟܛ ܒܓܘܢܐ ܝܪܘܩܐ

**ܐܘܛܪܝܟܛ** ܐܘ **ܐܘܬܪܝܟܬ** (ܗܘܠܢܕܐܝܬ: Utrecht) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܗܘܠܢܕܐ ܘܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܐܘܛܪܝܟܛ. ܐܝܬ 316.448 ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܢ ܒܐܘܛܪܝܟܛ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܫܒܛ 2012܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܗܘܠܢܕܐ
ܐܘܛܪܝܟܛ (ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ)

thumb|ܗܖܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܐܘܛܪܝܟܛ ܒܓܘܢܐ ܣܘܡܩܐ.

**ܐܘܛܪܝܟܛ** ܐܘ **ܐܘܬܪܝܟܬ** (ܗܘܠܢܕܐܝܬ: Utrecht) ܗܝ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܒܡܨܥܝܐ ܕܗܘܠܢܕܐ. ܐܝܬ ܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ 1.200.000 ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܢ ܒܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܐܘܛܪܝܟܛ. ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܗܕܐ ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܐܘܛܪܝܟܛ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܗܘܦܪܟܝܣ ܕܗܘܠܢܕܐ
2010

**2010** ܗܘܬ ܫܢܬܐ ܡܛܠ ܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܐ܀

## ܓܕܫ̈ܐ

## ܐܬܝܠܕ

## ܡܝܬ
* 25 ܟܢܘܢ ܒ: ܥܠܝ ܚܣܐܢ ܐܠܡܓܝܕ
* 28 ܬܫܪܝܢ ܒ: ܠܣܠܝ ܢܝܠܣܘܢ
* 10 ܟܢܘܢ ܐ: ܓܘܗܢ ܦܢܢ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܕܪܐ ܕܥܣܪܝܢ ܘܚܕ
ܐܒܪܝܠ ܠܐܒܝܢ

thumb|ܐܒܪܝܠ ܠܐܒܝܢ ܒ2013

**ܐܒܪܝܠ ܠܐܒܝܢ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ: Avril Ramona Lavigne܇ ܐܬܝܠܕ 27 ܐܝܠܘܠ 1984 ܒܠܗܒܝܠ (ܐܘܢܛܐܪܝܘ)) ܗܝ ܙܡܪܬܐ ܡܢ ܩܢܕܐ.

ܣܕܪܐ:ܙܡܪܐ
ܦܪܡܝܬܐ

thumb|ܦܪ̈ܡܝܬܐ

**ܦܪܡܝܬܐ** ܗܝ ܩܛܥܐ ܕܐܘܬܒ ܡܢܬ̈ܐ ܕܠܒܘܫܐ ܥܠ ܚܕܕ̈ܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܠܒܘܫܐ
ܚܪܒܘܩܬܐ

thumb|ܚܪܒܘܩܬܐ

**ܚܪܒܘܩܬܐ** ܐܘ **ܚܪܒܘܩܝܬܐ** ܐܘ **ܫܪܒܘܩܬܐ** ܐܘ **ܫܪܒܘܩܝܬܐ** ܗܝ ܒܙܥܐ ܙܥܘܪܐ ܒܠܒܘܫܐ ܕܒܗ ܐܘܬܒ ܦܪܡܝܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܠܒܘܫܐ
ܦܠܫܬ

thumb|280px|ܡܠܟܘ̈ܬܐ ܒܦܢܝܬܐ ܕܟܢܥܢ ܒܫܢܬ 830 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ. ܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܕܦܠܫܬܝ̈ܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܒܣܘܡܩܐ.

**ܦܠܫܬܝ̈ܐ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ פְּלִשְׁתִּים) ܗܘܘ ܥܡܐ ܗܢܕܘܝܐ-ܐܘܪܘܦܝܐ ܕܕܠܡܐ ܐܬܘ ܡܢ ܦܢܝܬܐ ܕܝܡܐ ܕܐܓܐܣ ܘܕܢܐܙܠܘܢ ܗܘܘ ܠܡܥܡܪ ܒܬܝܡܢܐ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܕܟܢܥܢ܀
2009

**2009** ܗܘܬ ܫܢܬܐ ܡܛܠ ܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܐ܀

## ܓܕܫ̈ܐ

## ܐܬܝܠܕ

## ܡܝܬ
*19 ܢܝܣܢ: ܗܪܡܙܕ ܐܒܘܢܐ
*27 ܐܝܪ: ܥܡܘ ܒܒܐ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܕܪܐ ܕܥܣܪܝܢ ܘܚܕ
ܗܒܒܐ

thumb|300px|ܗܒܒ̈ܐ ܡܫܚܠܦ̈ܐ

**ܗܒܒܐ** ܐܘ **ܦܩܚܐ** ܗܘ ܡܢܬܐ ܡܢ ܝܥܝܬܐ ܥܡ ܛܪ̈ܦܐ ܓܘܢܢ̈ܐ. ܒܥܕܢ ܗܒܒܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܫܩܐ. ܗܒܒܐ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܗܕܡܐ ܐܠܨܝܐ ܠܡܦܪܝܢܘܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܥܝܬܐ
ܐܪܙܦܬܐ

thumb|ܐܪܙܦܬܐ ܕܪܝܬܐ

**ܐܪܙܦܬܐ** ܐܘ **ܡܪܙܦܬܐ** ܗܝ ܡܐܢܐ ܠܡܛܪܦ ܓܘܫܡ̈ܐ ܐܝܟ ܨܨ̈ܐ ܠܩܝܣܐ ܘܫܪܟܐ. ܐܝܬ ܐܕ̈ܫܐ ܣܓܝܐ̈ܐ ܕܐܪ̈ܙܦܬܐ܀
ܚܝܘܬܐ

thumb|ܐܕ̈ܫܐ ܡܫܚ̈ܠܦܐ ܕܚܝܘ̈ܬܐ

**ܚܝܘܬܐ** (ܓܕܡܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ **ܚܝܘܐ**) ܗܝ ܟܢܫܐ ܕܐܝܬܝ̈ܐ ܚܝ̈ܐ ܡܬܪܓܫܢܐ ܣܓܝ ܟܘܪ̈ܐ܀
ܢܝܩܘܠܐ ܛܣܠܐ

thumb|ܢܝܩܘܠܐ ܛܣܠܐ

**ܢܝܩܘܠܐ ܛܣܠܐ** (ܣܪܒܐܝܬ Никола Тесла܆ ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ Nikola Tesla܆ ܐܬܝܠܕ ܒ10 ܬܡܘܙ 1856 ܘܡܝܬ ܒ7 ܟܢܘܢ ܐܚܪܝܐ 1943) ܗܘܐ ܦܝܙܝܩܝܐ ܘܡܚܪܐ ܒܪܩܝܐ ܣܪܒܝܐ ܐܡܪܝܩܝܐ. ܐܬܝܕܥ ܛܣܠܐ ܥܠ ܚܘܩܩܗ ܒܝܕܥܬܐ ܕܦܝܙܝܩܝ ܘܕܒܪܩܐ܀
ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܥܡܡܝܬܐ ܕܨܝܢ

**ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܥܡܡܝܬܐ ܕܨܝܢ** (ܨܝܢܐܝܬ: 中华人民共和国) ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܒܐܣܝܐ. ܨܝܢ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ̇ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܥܡ ܩܘܪܝܐܐ ܓܪܒܝܝܬܐ ܘܥܡ ܪܘܣܝܐ ܘܥܡ ܡܘܢܓܘܠܝܐ ܘܥܡ ܩܙܩܣܛܐܢ ܘܥܡ ܩܝܪܓܝܙܣܛܐܢ ܘܥܡ ܛܐܓܝܩܣܛܐܢ ܘܥܡ ܐܦܓܐܢܣܛܐܢ ܘܥܡ ܦܐܩܣܛܐܢ ܘܥܡ ܗܢܕܘ ܘܥܡ ܢܝܦܐܠ ܘܥܡ ܒܗܘܛܐܢ ܘܥܡ ܒܘܪܡܐ ܘܥܡ ܠܐܘܣ ܘܥܡ ܒܝܛܢܐܡ. ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܒܨܝܢ ܢܡܠܠܘܢ ܒܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܨܝܢܝ̈ܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܟܬܒܢܘܬܐ ܕܐܬܪܘܬܐ
ܟܘܬܝܢܐ

thumb|ܟܘܬܝܢܐ ܚܕܐ

**ܟܘܬܝܢܐ** ܐܘ **ܟܘܬܝܢܬܐ** ܗܝ ܠܒܘܫܐ ܕܡܢܬܐ ܥܠܝܐ (ܥܝܕܐܝܬ ܚܕܝܐ ܘܟܪܣܐ) ܕܦܓܪܐ ܕܒܪ ܢܫܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܠܒܘܫܐ
2008

**2008** ܗܘܬ ܫܢܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܐ܀

## ܓܕܫ̈ܐ

## ܐܬܝܠܕ

## ܡܝܬ
* 1 ܐܕܪ: ܡܪܝ ܦܘܠܘܣ ܦܪܓ ܪܚܘ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܕܪܐ ܕܥܣܪܝܢ ܘܚܕ
ܘܙܐ

[thumb|ܘܙܐ ܕ[ܩܢܕܐ]]

**ܘܙܐ** (ܢܩܒܬܢܝܐ **ܘܙܬܐ**܆ ܡܢ ܐܟܕܝܐ ūsu܆ ܡܢ ܫܘܡܪܝܐ uz) ܗܘ ܦܪܚܬܐ ܝܕܝܥܬܐ ܕܬܕܡܐ ܠܒܛܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܛܝܪܐ
ܒܛܐ

thumb|ܒܛܐ
ܙܥܘܪܬܐ|ܒܛܐ
**ܒܛܐ** ܗܘ ܦܪܚܬܐ ܡܝܢܝܬܐ ܝܕܝܥܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܛܝܪܐ
ܩܠܐ (ܨܘܬܐ)

thumb|ܓܠܠ̈ܐ ܒܬܢܝܢ̈ܐ ܩܠܝ̈ܐ ܡܫܚܠܦ̈ܐ ܕܩܠܐ

**ܩܠܐ** (ܚܠܦ ܩܘܠܐ) ܐܘ **ܨܘܬܐ** ܗܘ ܓܠܠ̈ܐ ܕܥܒܪܝܢ ܒܐܛܝܡܬ̈ܐ ܘܒܡܝ̈ܐ ܘܒܐܐܪ ܒܬܢܝܢ̈ܐ ܩܠܝ̈ܐ ܡܫܚܠܦ̈ܐ. ܒܪ̈ܢܫܐ ܘܚܝܘܬ̈ܐ ܫܡܥܝܢ ܩܠ̈ܐ ܒܝܕ ܐܕܢܐ܀
ܐܘܪܗܝ

**ܐܘܪܗܝ** ܐܘ **ܐܕܣܐ** (ܝܘܢܐܝܬ ܥܬܝܩܐ Ἔδεσσα) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ ܒܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ܀

ܫܡܗ̇ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܗܘ **ܐܕܡܐ** (ܡܢ ܠܫܢܐ ܐܟܕܝܐ)܀

## ܬܫܥܝܬܐ
ܐܘܪܗܝ ܐܬܢܨܒܬ ܥܠ ܐܝܕ ܣܠܘܟ̈ܝܐ ܒܫܢܬ 304 ܩ.ܡ. ܐܬܪܘܪܒܬ ܗܕܐ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܬܚܝܬ ܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܕܐܒܓܪ̈ܝܐ ܒܝܢܬ ܕܪ̈ܐ ܕܚܕ ܘܕܐܪܒܥܐ. ܐܬܗܦܟܘ ܐܘܪ̈ܗܝܐ ܥܠ ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܒܕܪܐ ܕܬܠܬܐ ܘܦܫܬ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܠܠܒܐ ܕܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ. ܐܬܝܠܕܘ ܘܓܢܘ ܒܐܘܪܗܝ ܩܝܡ̈ܐ ܘܚܟܝܡ̈ܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܐܝܟ ܒܪܕܝܨܢ ܘܐܝܟ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܐܘܪܗܝܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܣܪܘܓܝܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܒܘܪܕܥܢܐ. ܢܦܠܬ ܐܘܪܗܝ ܒܐܝܕ̈ܘܬܐ ܕܥܪ̈ܒܝܐ ܒܫܢܬ 638 ܘܕܦܪ̈ܢܓܝܐ ܒܫܢܬ 1099 ܘܥܡܐܕ ܐܠܕܝܢ ܙܢܓܝ ܫܩܠ ܠܐܘܪܗܝ ܒܫܢܬ 1144 ܘܩܛܠ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܡܢ ܐܢܫ̈ܝܗ̇.

ܐܬܩܪܝܬ ܐܘܪܗܝ "**ܐܘܪܦܐ**" (اورفا) ܒܙܒܢܐ ܕܥܘܬܡܢ̈ܝܐ. ܘܒܫܢܬ 1984 ܦܫ ܫܡܗ̇ "ܫܢܠܝܐܘܪܦܐ" (ܛܘܪܩܐܝܬ Şanlıurfa)܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܛܘܪܩܝܐ
ܬܪܢܓܠܐ

thumb|ܬܪܢܓܠܐ

**ܬܪܢܓܠܐ** ܐܘ **ܬܪܢܘܓܠܐ** ܐܘ **ܐܒܟܐ** ܐܘ **ܐܟܕܝܐ** ܐܘ **ܐܟܕܢܐ** ܐܘ **ܩܪܘܝܐ** ܐܘ **ܦܪܚܬܐ ܕܢܘܗܪܐ** ܐܘ **ܕܝܟܐ** ܗܘ ܕܟܪܐ ܕܬܪܢܓܠܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܛܝܪܐ
ܡܘܨܛܦܐ ܟܡܐܠ ܐܛܐܛܘܪܩ

ܙܥܘܪܬܐ|ܡܘܨܛܦܐ ܟܡܐܠ ܐܛܐܛܘܪܩ
**ܡܘܨܛܦܐ ܟܡܐܠ ܐܛܐܛܘܪܩ** (ܛܘܪܩܐܝܬ Mustafa Kemal Atatürk܆ ܐܬܝܠܕ ܒ19 ܒܐܝܪ 1881 ܘܡܬ ܒ10 ܒܬܫܪܝܢ ܒ 1938) ܗܘܐ ܐܣܛܪܛܝܘܛܐ ܥܘܬܡܢܝܐ ܘܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܘܟܬܘܒܐ ܘܪܝܫܢܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܡܢ 1923 ܥܕܡܐ ܠܡܘܬܗ ܒ1938. ܢܬܚܫܒ ܡܩܝܡܢܐ ܕܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܛܘܪܩܝܐ. ܟܘܢܝܗ "ܐܛܐܛܘܪܩ" ܕܢܟܢܐ "ܐܒܐ ܕܛܘܪ̈ܩܝܐ" (ܫܡܐ ܕܚܪܝܡ ܠܦܪܨܘܦܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ) ܐܬܝܗܒ ܠܗ ܡܢ ܡܘܬܒܐ ܕܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܒܫܢܬ 1934܀
ܪܚܝܐ

250px|thumb|ܪܚܝܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ

**ܪܚܝܐ** ܗܝ ܡܐܢܐ ܕܛܚܢܝܢ ܒܗ ܚܛ̈ܐ ܘܣܥܪ̈ܐ ܘܫܪܟܐ܀

## ܪܚܝܐ ܟܐܦܝܬܐ
ܗܝ ܐܕܫܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ ܘܫܪܫܝܐ ܕܪܚܝܐ ܒܥܬܝܩܐ. ܪܚܝܐ ܟܐܦܝܬܐ ܐܒܬ ܠܗ ܬܪܝܢ ܟܐܦ̈ܐ ܛܚܢ̈ܐ܀

## ܪܚܝܐ ܡܝܝܬܐ
ܗܝ ܪܚܝܐ ܕܐܦܠܚ ܡܝ̈ܐ ܠܛܚܢܐ܀
## ܪܚܝܐ ܘܪܚܝܬܐ
ܗܝ ܪܚܝܐ ܕܐܦܠܚ ܪܘܚܐ ܠܛܚܢܐ܀
ܩܠܦܬܐ ܕܒܣܡܐ

thumb|ܨܝܒܐ ܘܓܪܝܫܐ ܕܩܠܦܬܐ ܕܒܣܡ̈ܐ

**ܩܠܦܬܐ ܕܒܣܡ̈ܐ** ܐܘ **ܩܠܦܬܐ ܕܠܒܘܢܬܐ** (ܐܢܓܠܝܐܝܬ Cinnamon) ܗܝ ܡܕܟܘܢܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܨܪܐ
ܩܘܢܣܦܣܝܘܢ (ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ)

thumb|
**ܩܘܢܣܦܣܝܘܢ** (ܐܣܦܢܐܝܬ: Provincia de Concepción) ܗܝ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܒܬܫܝܠܝ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
* ܩܘܢܣܦܣܝܘܢ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܬܫܝܠܝ
ܟܢܘܫܝܐ ܕܐܣܪܐܝܠ ܕܝܘܠܦܢܐ ܘܐܢܫܝܬܐ

[thumb|350px|ܨܠܡܐ ܕ[ܐܠܒܪܛ ܐܢܫܛܝܢ ܒܓܢܬܐ ܕܟܢܘܫܝܐ ܕܐܣܪܐܝܠ ܕܝܘܠܦܢ̈ܐ ܘܐܢܫܝܬ̈ܐ]]

**ܟܢܘܫܝܐ ܕܐܣܪܐܝܠ ܕܝܘܠܦܢ̈ܐ ܘܐܢܫܝܬ̈ܐ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ **האקדמיה הלאומית הישראלית למדעים**) ܐܫܬܬܐܣ ܒܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܕܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܒܫܢܬ 1961 ܒܐܘܪܫܠܡ. ܢܝܫ̈ܐ ܕܟܢܘܫܝܐ ܗܘ ܠܡܠܒܒܘ ܡܬܛܦܝܢܘܬܐ ܒܝܢܬ ܝܕܘܥ̈ܐ ܕܝܘܠܦܢ̈ܐ ܘܐܢܫܝܬ̈ܐ ܒܐܣܪܐܝܠ ܘܠܡܠܟܘ ܫܘܠܛܢܘܬܐ ܕܐܣܪܐܝܠ ܥܠ ܒܘܨܝ̈ܐ ܕܐܝܬܠܗܘܢ ܐܠܝܨܘܬܐ ܐܘܡܬܢܝܬܐ܀

## ܐܣܪ̈ܐ ܒܪ̈ܝܐ

*ܟܢܘܫܝܐ ܕܐܣܪܐܝܠ ܕܝܘܠܦܢ̈ܐ ܘܐܢܫܝܬ̈ܐ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܣܪܐܝܠ
ܡܠܚܐ (ܢܘܛܐ)

thumb|300px|ܡܠܚ̈ܐ ܒܣܦܝܢܬܐ

**ܡܠܚܐ** (ܡܢ ܐܟܕܝܐ 𒈣𒁺𒁺 ܡܢ ܫܘܡܪܝܐ 𒈣𒁺𒁺) ܐܘ **ܢܘܛܐ** (ܟܢܘܫܝܐ **ܢܘ̈ܛܐ** ܐܘ **ܢܘ̈ܛܘ**܆ ܡܢ ܝܘܢܝܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ ναύτης) ܗܘ ܐܝܢܐ ܕܢܕܒܪ ܣܦܝܢ̈ܬܐ ܐܘ ܡܐܢ̈ܐ ܝܡܡ̈ܝܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ܀
ܟܒܒ

**ܟܒܒ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ: خبب) ܗܝ ܩܪܝܬܐ ܒܬܝܡܢܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܐ ܒܡܫܛܚܐ ܕܚܘܪܢ. ܓܢܐ ܒܗܕܐ ܩܪܝܬܐ ܒܝܢܬ 8,000 ܘ10,000 ܐܢܫ̈ܝܢ ܕܢܩܦܝܢ ܪܝܫܐܝܬ ܥܕܬܐ ܡܠܟܝܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܝܐ
ܕܢ ܗܐܟ

thumb|ܕܢ ܗܐܟ ܒܓܘܢܐ ܝܪܘܩܐ

**ܕܢ ܗܐܟ** (ܗܘܠܢܕܐܝܬ: Den Haag) ܐܘ **ܣܟܪܐܒܢܗܐܟܐ** (s-Gravenhage') ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܡܥܪܒܐ ܕܗܘܠܢܕܐ. ܐܝܬ ܒܗ̇ 500.000 ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܢ ܒ2011܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܗܘܠܢܕܐ
ܐܫܩܠܘܢ

thumb|300px|ܐܫܩܠܘܢ

**ܐܫܩܠܘܢ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ אַשְׁקְלוֹן܆ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ عَسْقَلَان܆ ܠܐܛܝܢܐܝܬ Ascalonia܆ ܐܟܕܐܝܬ Isqalluna) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܣܦܬܐ ܕܝܡܐ ܚܘܪܐ ܡܨܥܝܐ ܒܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܕܬܝܡܢܐ ܒܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܘܗܘܬ ܡܢ ܡܕ̈ܝܢܬܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܬܐ ܕܦܠܫܬ ܬܫܥܝܬܢܝܬܐ. ܢܦܠܐ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܚܡܫܝܢ ܩܝܠܘܡܛܪ̈ܝܢ ܠܬܝܡܢܐ ܕܬܠ ܐܒܝܒ ܘܬܠܬܥܣܪ ܩܝܠܘܡܛܪ̈ܝܢ ܠܓܪܒܝܐ ܕܬܚܘܡܐ ܕܩܛܥܐ ܕܓܙܐ. ܐܫܩܠܘܢ ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ ܘܒܬܫܥܝܬܗ̇ ܬܬܫܠܛ ܗܘܬ ܡܢ ܟܢܥܢ̈ܝܐ ܘܡܢ ܦܠܫ̈ܬܝܐ ܘܡܢ ܐܝܣܪ̈ܐܝܠܝܐ ܘܡܢ ܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܘܡܢ ܒܒ̈ܠܝܐ ܘܡܢ ܝܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܘܡܢ ܦܘܢܝܩ̈ܝܐ ܘܡܢ ܪ̈ܗܘܡܝܐ ܘܡܢ ܦܪ̈ܣܝܐ ܘܡܢ ܡܨܪ̈ܝܐ ܘܡܢ ܦܪ̈ܢܓܝܐ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܐܬܐܒܕܬ ܗܘܬ ܡܢ ܡܡܠܘܟ̈ܝܐ ܒܫܢܬ 1270. ܩܪܝܒܐܝܬ ܐܫܬܬܐܣܬ ܡܬܐ ܥܪܒܝܬܐ ܕܐܠܡܓܕܠ (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ المَجْدَل) ܒܕܪܐ ܕܫܬܬܥܣܪ ܒܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܕܥܘܬܡܢ̈ܝܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ
ܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ

thumb|ܡܐ̈ܟܠܬܐ ܝܥܝܬܢܝܬ̈ܐ ܡܫܚܠܦܬ̈ܐ

**ܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ** ܗܝ ܟܠ ܡܕܡ ܐܢ ܚܝܘܬܢܝܐ ܐܘ ܝܥܝܬܢܝܐ ܕܝܗܒ ܚܝܠܐ ܘܬܘܪܣܝܐ ܠܒܪ̈ܢܫܐ ܘܠܚܝܘ̈ܬܐ܀
ܬܘܩܢ ܓܝܕܝܐ ܩܢܛܪܘܢܝܐ

300px|thumb|1. ܡܘܚܐ<br/> 2. ܛܟܣܐ ܓܝܕܝܐ ܩܢܛܪܘܢܝܐ<br/> 3. ܚܒܠܐ ܟܘܒܝܐ

**ܬܘܩܢ ܓܝܕܝܐ ܩܢܛܪܘܢܝܐ** ܗܘ ܡܢܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܕܬܘܩܢ ܓܝܕܝܐ. ܡܘܚܐ ܘܚܒܠܐ ܟܘܒܝܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܬܪ̈ܬܝܢ ܡܢܘ̈ܢ ܕܥܒܕܝܢ ܗܢܐ ܬܘܩܢ ܓܝܕܝܐ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*ܬܘܩܢ ܓܝܕܝܐ ܡܚܕܘܪܝܐ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܘܠܦܢ ܨܪܘܝܘܬܐ
ܬܘܩܢ ܓܝܕܝܐ ܡܚܕܘܪܝܐ

[thumb|upright=1.3|ܛܟܣܐ ܓܝܕܝܐ ܡܚܕܘܪܝܐ ܒܓܘܢܐ [ܙܪܩܐ]]

**ܬܘܩܢ ܓܝܕܝܐ ܡܚܕܘܪܝܐ** ܗܘ ܡܢܬܐ ܙܥܘܪܬܐ ܕܬܘܩܢ ܓܝܕܝܐ. ܬܘܩܢ ܓܝܕܝܐ ܡܚܕܘܪܝܐ ܗܘ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܓܝܕ̈ܐ ܕܒܪܝܝܢ ܡܢ ܬܘܩܢ ܓܝܕܝܐ ܩܢܛܪܘܢܝܐ ܕܐܣܪܝܢ ܡܘܚܐ ܘܚܒܠܐ ܟܘܒܝܐ ܥܡ ܗܕ̈ܡܐ ܕܓܘܫܡܐ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*ܬܘܩܢ ܓܝܕܝܐ ܩܢܛܪܘܢܝܐ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܘܠܦܢ ܨܪܘܝܘܬܐ
ܚܒܠܐ ܟܘܒܝܐ

[thumb|upright=1.3|ܚܒܠܐ ܟܘܒܝܐ ܒ[ܓܘܢܐ ܣܘܡܩܐ]]

**ܚܒܠܐ ܟܘܒܝܐ** ܗܘ ܡܐܣܪܬܐ ܕܓܝܕ̈ܐ ܕܬܫܛܘܚ ܡܢ ܡܘܚܐ. ܚܒܠܐ ܟܘܒܝܐ ܥܡ ܡܘܚܐ ܥܒܕܝܢ ܬܘܩܢ ܓܝܕܝܐ ܩܢܛܪܘܢܝܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܘܠܦܢ ܨܪܘܝܘܬܐ
ܡܓܘܫܐ ܬܠܬܐ

thumb|200px|ܨܘܪܬܐ ܕܡܓܘ̈ܫܐ ܬܠܬܐ

**ܡܓܘ̈ܫܐ ܬܠܬܐ** ܐܘ **ܡܠܟ̈ܐ ܬܠܬܐ** ܐܘ **ܚܟܝܡ̈ܐ ܬܠܬܐ** ܕܐܬܘ ܠܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܟܕ ܝܫܘܥ ܐܬܝܠܕ ܒܒܝܬ ܠܚܡ ܐܝܟ ܐܘܢܓܠܝܘܢ ܕܡܬܝ ܫܠܝܚܐ ܘܩܪܒܘ ܠܗ ܩܘܪ̈ܒܢܐ ܕܗܒܐ ܘܡܘܪܐ ܘܠܒܘܢܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ
ܫܟܪ

thumb|300px|ܒܢ̈ܬܐ ܕܫܟܪ

**ܫܟܪ** (ܡܢ ܦܪܣܝܐ ܡܨܥܝܐ 𐭱𐭪𐭥܆ ܡܢ ܣܢܣܩܪܝܛ शर्करा) ܗܘ ܓܘܫܡܐ ܩܪܣܐ ܝܒܝܫܐ ܕܢܬܙܝܥ ܡܢ ܙܐܠܐ ܕܫܟܪ ܘܒܗ ܢܬܒܣܡ ܚܠܝܘܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܨܪܐ
ܡܘܪܐ

300px|thumb|ܡܘܪܐ

**ܡܘܪܐ** ܗܝ ܐܝܠܢܐ ܟܘܒܢܝܐ ܕܝܥܐ ܒܥܦܪܐ ܝܒܝܫܐ. ܬܘܒ ܡܬܩܪܐ ܥܠ ܕܘܥܬܐ ܕܢܒܗܐ ܡܢ ܗܢܐ ܐܝܠܢܐ܀
ܓܝܕܐ ܕܓܢܫܝܐ

thumb|ܓܝܕܐ ܕܓܢܫܝܐ

**ܓܝܕܐ ܕܓܢܫܝܐ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ Sciatic nerve) ܗܘ ܓܝܕܐ ܪܒܐ ܒܓܘܫܡܐ ܕܒܪܢܫܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܘܠܦܢ ܨܪܘܝܘܬܐ
ܥܘܩܣܐ

[thumb|ܥܘܩܣܐ ܕ[ܕܒܘܪܐ (ܪܚܫܐ)|ܕܒܘܪܐ ܥܡ ܛܘܦܬܐ ܕܣܡܐ]]

**ܥܘܩܣܐ** ܗܘ ܗܕܡܐ ܚܪܝܦܐ ܒܕܘܢܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܚܫܐ ܘܕܚܝܘ̈ܬܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܒܫܬܐ ܘܕܒܘܪܐ ܘܥܩܪܒܐ ܘܫܪܟܐ܀
ܠܒܘܢܬܐ

300px|thumb|ܠܒܘܢܬܐ

ܠܒܘܢܬܐ ܗܝ ܐܝܠܢܐ ܡܕܡ ܘܕܘܥܬܗ ܘܐܦܠܚ ܐܝܟ ܒܣܡܐ܀
ܫܘܫܡܢܐ

thumb|300px|ܫܘܫܡܢܐ

**ܫܘܫܡܢܐ** ܐܢܬܬܗ **ܫܘܫܡܢܝܬܐ** (ܣܘܕܐܝܬ **ܫܟܘܢܐ** ܐܢܬܬܗ **ܫܟܘܢܝܬܐ**) ܗܘ ܪܚܫܐ ܕܚܝܐ ܬܚܘܬ ܐܪܥܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܪܚܫܐ
ܫܘܫܡܬܐ

thumb|300px|ܝܥܝܬܐ ܕܫܘܫܡܬܐ

**ܫܘܫܡܬܐ** ܗܝ ܢܨܒܬܐ ܘܒܪ ܙܪܥܗ.  ܗܘܐ ܡܢ ܒܪ ܙܪܥܗ ܕܫܘܫܡܬܐ ܡܫܚܐ ܒܣܝܡܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܥܝܬܐ
ܒܝܬ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܐܫܘܪܒܢܝܦܠ

[thumb|ܠܘܚܐ ܕܟܬܝܒܐ ܒ[ܠܫܢܐ ܐܟܕܝܐ]]

**ܒܝܬ ܟܬܒ̈ܐ ܕܐܫܘܪܒܢܝܦܠ ܡܠܟܝܐ** ܐܫܬܬܐܣ ܒܕܪܐ ܕܫܒܥܐ ܡܢ ܩܕܡ ܡܘܠܕܐ ܘܐܬܟܢܝ ܒܫܡܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܐܫܘܪܒܢܝܦܠ ܗܘ ܕܗܘܐ ܡܠܟܐ ܐܚܪܝܐ ܡܢ ܡܠܟ̈ܐ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܬܐ ܚܕܬܐ. ܐܬܚܫܒ ܗܢܐ ܒܝܬ ܟܬܒ̈ܐ ܥܠ ܐܠܦ̈ܐ ܕܠܘܚ̈ܐ ܛܝܢܝ̈ܬܐ ܒܪܒܘܬܐ ܕܝܠܝ ܐܬܟܬܒ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܐܟܕܝܐ ܟܕ ܗܘܐ ܒܓܘܗܝܢ ܡܠܘܐܐ ܡܫܚܠܦ̈ܐ ܗܢܘܢ ܕܗܦܚ ܠܕܪܐ ܕܫܒܥܐ ܡܢ ܩܕܡ ܡܘܠܕܐ܀

ܒܬܪ ܢܦܠܬ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ ܒܫܢܬ 612 ܡܢ ܐܘܝܘܬܐ ܕܟܠܕ̈ܝܐ ܘܕܣܩܘܬܝ̈ܐ ܘܕܡܕ̈ܝܐ ܗܢܘܢ ܕܐܢܘܢ ܥܡܡ̈ܐ ܐܝܪ̈ܐܢܝܐ ܥܬܝ̈ܩܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܢܐܡܪܘܢ ܕܢܘܪܐ ܐܬܝܬ ܥܠ ܗܢܐ ܒܝܬ ܟܬܒ̈ܐ ܘܥܠ ܠܘܚ̈ܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܬܐ ܦܫܪ ܡܢ ܫܠܗܒܝܬܐ ܕܢܘܪܐ܆ ܘܐܬܐ ܗܢܐ ܓܕܫܐ ܫܘܬܦ ܒܢܛܪܬܐ ܕܒܨܝܪ̈ܬܐ ܡܢ ܗܢܝܢ ܠܘܚ̈ܐ. ܘܗܢܐ ܒܝܬ ܟܬܒ̈ܐ ܚܒܫ ܩܪܝܒܐ ܠܐܠܦܐ ܠܘܚ̈ܝܢ ܛܝܢܝ̈ܢ ܘܣܓܝ̈ܐܢ ܢܐܡܪܘܢ ܕܗܘ̈ܝ ܬܡܢ ܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ ܗܢܐ ܡܢܝܢܐ܀

ܫܘܦܐ ܕܗܢܐ ܒܝܬ ܟܬܒ̈ܐ ܗܘܐ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܬܐ ܒܓܪܒܝܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ. ܗܫܐܝܬ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܬܐ ܡܢ ܗܢܝܢ ܠܘܚ̈ܐ ܐܢܝܢ ܒܓܘ ܒܝܬ ܥܬܩ̈ܐ ܒܪܝܛܢܝܐ ܒܠܘܢܕܘܢ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܫܘܪ
ܠܘܝܣ ܪܘܦܐܝܠ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܣܟܘ

ܡܪܝ **ܠܘܝܣ ܪܘܦܐܝܠ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܣܟܘ** (ܐܬܝܠܕ ܒܙܟܘ ܒ4 ܒܚܙܝܪܢ ܒ1948) ܗܘ ܦܛܪܝܪܟܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܟܠܕܝܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܬܐ. ܐܣܬܝܡ ܟܗܢܐ ܒܫܢܬ 1974 ܘܦܝܫ ܪܝܫ ܟܗܢ̈ܐ ܕܟܪܟܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܣܠܘܟ ܒܫܢܬ 2003. ܓܒܘ ܐܦܝܣܩܘ̈ܦܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܠܠܘܝܣ ܣܟܘ ܦܛܪܝܪܟܐ ܥܠ ܥܕܬܐ ܟܠܕܝܬܐ ܒ1 ܒܫܒܛ ܒܫܢܬ 2013 ܒܪܗܘܡܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܦܛܪܝܪܟܘ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܟܠܕܝܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܬܐ
ܠܩܐ ܕܣܦܝܢܬܐ

thumb|ܠܩ̈ܐ ܡܫܚܠܦ̈ܐ

**ܠܩܐ** ܐܘ **ܠܐܩܐ** ܐܘ **ܠܝܩܐ** ܗܝ ܩܝܣܐ ܕܒܗ ܓܪܦܝܢ ܚܕܪ̈ܝ ܣܦܝܢܬܐ ܠܡܕܒܪܗ܀
ܩܡܚܐ

ܙܥܘܪܬܐ|ܩܡܚܐ ܕܚ̈ܛܐ ܒܙܒܘܪܐ

**ܩܡܚܐ** ܗܘ ܛܚܝܢܐ ܕܚܛ̈ܐ ܐܘ ܕܣܥܪ̈ܐ ܐܘ ܕܟܘܢܬܐ ܐܘ ܦܪܬܐ ܕܝܥܝܬ̈ܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܝܬܐ. ܩܡܚܐ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܡܕܡ ܪܝܫܝܐ ܠܡܥܒܕ ܠܚܡܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܚܛܬܐ
ܐܘܘܫܐ

thumb|ܐܘܘܫܐ ܕܐܕܢܐ

**ܐܘܘܫܐ** ܐܘ **ܫܥܘܬܐ ܕ[[ܐܕܢܐ (ܝܘܠܦܢ ܨܪܘܝܘܬܐ)|ܐܕܢܐ]]** ܗܘ ܡܠܘܐܐ ܫܥܘܬܢܐ ܒܐܒܘܒܐ ܕܐܕܢܐ܀
ܗܝܟܠܐ ܕܫܠܝܡܘܢ

thumb|320px|left|ܛܘܦܣܐ ܕܗܝܟܠܐ ܕܫܠܝܡܘܢ ܡܠܟܐ.

**ܗܝܟܠܐ ܕܫܠܝܡܘܢ** ܐܘ **ܒܝܬ ܡܩܕܫܐ** ܘܐܝܟ ܕܢܬܝܕܥ ܠܘܬ ܒܢ̈ܝ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܒܫܡܐ ܕ**ܗܝܟܠܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ** ܐܝܟ ܕܢܬܕܟܪ ܒܟܬܒܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܕܫܠܝܡܘܢ ܡܠܟܐ ܒܪ ܕܘܝܕ ܡܠܟܐ ܗܘ ܕܒܢܐ ܠܗܝܟܠܐ ܒܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܒܕܪܐ ܕܥܣܪܐ ܡܢ ܩܕܡ ܡܘܠܕܐ܀
ܝܘܚܢܢ ܕܘܠܒܢܝ

244px|thumb|left|ܦܝܠܘܟܣܝܢܘܣ ܝܘܚܢܢ ܕܘܠܒܢܝ

**ܡܪܝ ܦܝܠܘܟܣܝܢܘܣ ܝܘܚܢܢ ܕܘܠܒܢܝ** ܗܘܐ ܒܣܝܩܘܡ 27 ܒܐܝܠܘܠ ܫܢܬܐ ܕ1885 ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܡܪ̈ܕܐ. ܡܢ ܒܬܪ ܕܩܪܐ ܒܡܕܪܫܬܐ ܕܡܪ̈ܕܐ ܦܠܚ ܐܝܟ ܐܫܟܦܐ ܒܥܠܝܡܘܬܗ. ܒܫܢܬܐ ܕ1907 ܐܙܠ ܘܒܥܒܪ ܒܕܝܪܐ ܕܟܘܪܟܡܐ. ܡܢ ܬܡܢ ܐܫܬܕܪ ܠܛܘܪܐ ܕܡܪܬܝ ܣܝܕܐ ܘܡܪܝ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܕܗܘܘ ܕܘܟܬܐ ܠܕܝܪ̈ܝܐ. ܡܢ ܒܬܪ ܚܕܐ ܫܢܐ ܒܡܪܬܝ ܣܝܕܐ ܣܝܡ ܕܝܪܝܐ ܒܫܢܬܐ ܕ1908 ܘܠܐܪܒܥ ܫܢ̈ܝܢ ܠܐ ܦܠܛ ܡܢ ܩܠܝܬܗ. ܘܡܢ ܫܢܬܐ ܕ1919 ܥܕܡܐ ܠܫܢܬܐ ܕ1947 ܗܘܐ ܪܝܫܐ ܕܕܝܪܐ ܕܟܘܪܟܡܐ. ܘܡܪܝ ܝܘܚܢܢ ܕܘܠܒܢܝ ܗܘ ܕܡܢ ܕܐܪܝܡ ܚܪܡܐ ܕܦܣܩ ܥܠ ܡܪܝ ܢܣܛܘܪܝܣ ܒܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܐܪܬܘܕܟܣܝܬܐ. ܒܫܢܬ 1969 ܠܡܪܢ ܫܢܝ ܘܥܢܕ ܒܣܝܒܘܬܐ ܥܡܝܩܬܐ ܛܒܬܐ ܡܠܝܬܐ ܥܘܬܪܐ ܪܘܚܢܝܐ ܘܦܓܪܢܝܐ ܒܙܒܢ ܐܦܝܣܩܘܦܘܬܗ ܣܡ ܬܠܬܡܐܐ ܘܬܠܬܐ ܕܝܪ̈ܝܝܢ ܘܟܗܢ̈ܝܢ ܘܡܫܡܫܢ̈ܝܢ܀

## ܙܡܝܪܬܐ ܕܕܝܪܐ ܕܟܘܪܟܡܐ

:ܟܡܐ ܫܦܝܪܬܝ ܐܡܐ ܕܫܒܝܚܬܐ
:ܫܘܒܚܐ ܕܥܕ̈ܬܐ ܘܟܘܪܣܝܐ ܕܐܒܗ̈ܬܐ ܘܪ̈ܝܫܝ ܡܪ̈ܥܝܬܐ
:ܒܣܝܡܝܢ ܛܠܠܝܟ̈ܝ ܠܒܢ̈ܝ ܐܘܡܬܐ
:ܕܚܡܝܠܝܢ ܒܐܘܨܪ̈ܝܟܝ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܠܡ ܪ̈ܒܝ ܣܘܪܝܝܘܬܐ
:ܚܘܒܟܝ ܒܠܒܝ ܠܘ ܙܥܘܪ
:ܘܡܫܬܠܗܒ ܐܝܟ ܢܘܪ
:ܘܠܣܢ̈ܐܝܟܝ ܐܥܩܘܪ 
:ܘܠܟܠ ܚܝܠܐ ܕܩܐܡ ܠܩܘܒܠܟܝ ܐܣܬܘܪ
:ܟܠܝܠ ܫܘܒܚܐ ܐܩܛܘܪ ܒܪܝܫܟܝ ܕܐܢܬܝ ܗܝ
:ܐܝܬܝܟܝ ܠܡ ܚܬܘܪܝ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܒܗܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܣܘܪܝܝܐ
ܦܪܝܕܘܢ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ

**ܦܪܝܕܢ ܒܝܬ ܐܒܪܐܡ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ**‏ (1891 - 1926) ܗܘܐ ܐܣܝܐ ܘܦܘܠܛܝܩܝܐ ܐܫܘܪܝܐ ܕܐܬܝܠܕ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܫܪܒܫ ܒܦܢܝܬܐ ܕܐܘܪܡܝ ܒܐܝܪܢ܁ ܫܕܪܗ ܐܒܘܗܝ ܠܘܬ ܕܕܗ ܒܓܘ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܬܒܠܝܣܝ ܗܝ ܕܗܘܬ ܒܓܘ ܐܡܒܪܛܘܪܝܘܬܐ ܐܘܪܣܢܝܬܐ ܒܗܝ ܥܕܢܐ. ܘܕܪܫ ܐܣܝܘܬܐ ܒܓܘ ܡܕܪ̈ܫܝܬܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ. ܘܡܢ ܒܬܪ ܢܦܩܬܗ ܥܡܠ ܐܣܝܐ ܒܓܘ ܓܝܣܐ ܐܘܪܣܢܝܐ. ܘܒܬܪ ܗܠܝܢ ܫܢܝ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܗ ܐܡܗܝܬܐ ܐܘܪܡܝ ܒܓܘ ܐܝܪܢ ܘܒܫܢܬ 1917 ܘܡܢ ܒܬܪ ܩܘܡܐ ܒܠܫܦܝܬܐ ܫܬܐܣ ܥܡ ܒܢܝܡܝܢ ܐܪܣܢܣ ܘ ܒܒܐ ܒܝܬ ܒܪܗܕ ܐܠܪܗܐܢ ܓܒܐ ܫܘܬܦܝܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܘܗܘ ܓܒܐ ܗܘܐ ܓܒܐ ܦܘܠܛܝܩܝܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܐܬܫܬܐܣ ܘܒܘܕܩܐ ܕܐܬܝܕܥ ܒ "ܒܘܕܩܐ ܐܘܪܡܝܐ ܠܚܘܝܕܐ ܐܫܘܪܝܐ ܚܐܪܐ" ܓܠܐ ܢܝܫܐ ܕܓܒܐ ܘܗܘ:
«ܫܪܪܬܐ ܕܚܘܝܕܐ ܘܫܬܐܣܬܐ ܕܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܝܬܝܐ ܒܓܘ ܐܘܪܡܝܐ ܘܢܝܢܘܐ ܘܛܘܪܥܒܕܝܢ ܘܢܨܝܒܝܢ ܘܓܙܝܪܐ ܘܓܠܡܐܝܪܟ ܘܚܝܕܬܐ ܥܡ ܪܘܣܝܐ ܪܒܬܐ.»
ܘܦܪܝܕܘܢ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܗܘܐ ܚܕ ܡܚܘܪܐ ܝܕܝܥ ܒܫܝܪܐ ܐܘܡܬܢܝܐ ܘܐܦܩ ܡܓܠܬܐ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ.
ܘܡܝܬ ܒܓܘ ܚܕܟܡܐ ܐܝܟܢܝܘܬܐ ܠܐ ܝܕܝܥܐ ܒܓܘ ܒܝܬ ܐܣܝܪܐ ܒܫܢܬ 1926.

## ܡܢ ܡܬܐܡܪܢܘܬܗ
ܟܘܠ ܡܢ ܕܦܠܚ ܠܐܘܡܬܗ ܐܦܢ ܕܢܚܬ ܠܩܒ݂ܪܐ ܒܕ ܕܟ݂ܪܝ ܫܡܗ ܡ̣ܢ ܕܪܐ ܠܕܪܐ.

## ܫܝܪܐ ܕܢܫܪܐ ܕܬܚܘܡܐ
ܝܐ ܢܫܪܵܐ ܕܬܚܘܡܐ ܡܠܟܐ ܕܓܘ ܛܝܪ̈ܐ 
ܦܬܘܿܚܠܗܘܿܢ ܓܘܠܦܢܘܟܼ ܕܦܪܚܢ ܠܗ̇ܝ ܛܝܪܐ 
ܠܐܘܼܪܡܝ ܘܡܘܨܘܠ ܘܬܪ̈ܘܝ ܒܪܘܪ̈ܐ 
ܕܦܪܩܢ ܠܡܠܬܝـ ܐܬܘܪ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ 
ܓܘ ܢܝܢܘܐ ܒܨܠܢ ܐܘܦ ܨܠܘܿܬـܐ ܡܨܠܢ 
ܠܦܘܪܩܢܐ ܕܝܡܝ ܡܢ ܦܓܪܝ ܘܕܡܝ 
܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀ 
ܫܥܘܫ ܠܗܘܿܢ ܓܘܠܦܢܘܟ̣ ܓܢܒܪܵܐ ܕܢܚܫܐ 
ܘܣܛܝ ܠܩܕ̄ܡܐ ܕܠܐ ܥܩܘܝ ܘܚܫܐ 
ܣܚܒܪܬ ܠܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܙܚܡܐ ܒܦܠܫܐ 
ܕܕܒܝܚܐ ܝܠܗ ܚܝ̈ܐ ܩܐ ܐܬܘܪ ܣܒܬـܐ 
ܠܕܟܪܐ ܕܒܘܣܡܐ ܒܕ ܕܪܹܢ ܫܠܡܐ 
ܥܠ ܩܒ̣ܪܗ ܒܝܡܢ ܠܕܒܚܬـܐ ܕܓܢܐ 
܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀ 
ܗܪ ܚܙ ܐܠܘܿܟ ܕܡܛܠܝ ܠܢܝܫܘܟ ܥܠܝܐ 
ܝܐ ܢܫܪܐ ܕܚܘܡܐ ܘܕܙܒܐ ܥܠܐ 
ܪܦܬ ܠܝ ܠܟܐܦܐ ܕܠܐ ܪܚܡܐ ܠܩܝܐ 
ܕܡܝܬܢ ܐܟܼ ܕܒ̣ܚܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ ܥܬܝܩܬـܐ 
ܥܠ ܡܪܙܐ ܕܙܒܐ ܐܟ ܐܬܘܪ ܣܒــــܐ 
ܛܡܪܬܠܝ ܐܢܐ ܡܒܬܪ ܕܒܚܬـܐ ܕܓܢܐ 
܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀܀ 
ܩܐ ܒܢܘܢ̈ܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ ܡܚܙܬܠܗܿ ܩܒܪܝ 
ܠܛܢܢܐ ܓ̰ܘܢܩܐ ܓܢ̄ܒܪܐ ܚܒܪܝ 
ܚܘܫ ܚܙܐ ܠܕܐܗܐ ܒܐ ܩܝܪܬ ܕܘܪܝ 
ܕܦܪܩ ܠܡܠܬܘܗܝـ ܕܘܪܕܫܬـܐ ܘܣܢܝܩܬܐ 
ܥܠ ܩܒܪܵܐ ܙܥܘܪܬـܐ ܬܚܘܬ ܪܘܡܬܐ ܚܘܪܬـܐ 
ܪܦܝܬܘܿܢ ܟܐܦܐ ܒܡܟܦܬـܐ ܕܪܫܐ 

ܣܕܪܐ:ܦܘܠܛܝܩ̈ܝܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܣܝ̈ܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܘܓܢܣܛ̈ܐ
ܣܢܐܓܪܘܬܐ ܕܩܕܝܫܐ

ܡܝܩܪܬܐ ܕܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ ܗܘܬ ܚܕܐ ܕܝܠܝܬܐ ܕܛܟܣܐ ܕܣܓܕܬܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ ܥܕ ܡܢ ܫܘܪܝܐ ܕܫܬܐܣܬܗܿ. ܒܣܓܝ ܛܟܣ̈ܐ ܕܥܕܬ̈ܐ ܫܠܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܫܡܗ̈ܐ ܕܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ ܢܬܩܪ̈ܘܢ ܒܥܕܢ ܩܘܕܫܐ ܕܐܪ̈ܙܐ ܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ ܘܐܝܬ ܝܬܝܪ ܒܛܟܣܐ ܕܩܘܕܫܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܐܕܝ ܘܡܪܝ ܡܐܪܝ ܗܘ ܕܫܡܫ ܒܗ ܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ. ܘܫܡܢ̈ܐ ܕܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ ܡܬܕܟܪܝܢ ܐܝܬܐ ܒܓܘ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܝܘܦܛܟܝܢ.

## ܝܘܡ̈ܐ ܕܝܠܢܝ̈ܐ ܕܐܬܪܫܝܡ ܠܕܟܪܐ ܕܣܗ̈ܕܐ ܘܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ
ܟܕ ܥܕܬܐ ܦܪܝܣܠܗܿ ܘ ܗܘܬܠܗܿ ܚܕ ܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܪܘܚܢܝܐ ܩܢܛܪܘܢܝܐ ܬܡܢ ܣܝܡܠܗ̇ ܥܕܬ̈ܐ ܩܢܘܢ̈ܐ ܠܦܪܫܬܐ ܘܝܗܒܬܐ ܕܪܘܫܡܝܘܬܐ ܕܩܕܝܫܘܬܐ ܠܚܕ ܦܪܨܘܦܐ.
ܗܟܢܐ ܕܟܪܐ ܕܗܢܘܢ ܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ ܪܘܫܡܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܫܘܪܪܐ ܘܡܘܟܫܛܐ ܒܥܕ̈ܬܐ ܘܣܝܡ ܫܡܗ̈ܐ ܕܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ ܒܓܘ ܛܟܣܐ ܕܣܓܕܬܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܘܡܙܘܝܚܬܝܗܝ ܫܢܬܐܝܬ. ܗܠܝܢ ܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ ܗܘܐ ܝܕܝܥܐ ܐܟ ܛܘܦ̮ܣܐ ܕܕܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ ܫܪܝܪܬܐ ܒܡܫܝܚܝܬܐ. ܣܓܝ ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܥܝܕ̈ܝܐ ܢܙܠܘܢ ܒܫܘܦ̈ܐ ܕܐܩ̈ܠܐ ܕܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ. ܒܝܕ ܥܡ ܟܠܗܿ ܗܕܐ ܢܝܚܐܝܬ ܚܕ ܓܘܒܐ ܥܡܘܩܐ ܐܬܐ ܠܐܝܬܘܬܐ ܒܝܢܬ ܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ ܘܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܥܝܕܝ̈ܐ
ܒܗܿܝ ܕܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܗܡܘܢܐ ܗܘܐ ܕܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ ܩܢܐ ܦܘܪܩܢܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܐ ܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܫܪܝ ܟܪ̈ܣܛܝܢܐ ܒܣܢܕܐ ܥܠ ܡܨܥܝܘܬܐ ܕܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ، ܘܨܠܝܠܗܘܢ ܘܡܝܩܪܠܗܘܢ ܠܫܟܝܢܝܬܝܗ̈ܝ.

## ܥܐܕܐ ܕܟܠܗܝ ܩܕܝܫܐ
ܒܕܪܐ ܬܠܝܬܝܐ ܡܗܘܡܢ̈ܐ ܫܪܝ ܠܡܙܝܚܬܐ ܠܕܘܟܪܢܐ ܕܣܗ̈ܕܐ ܘܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ. ܘܒܕܪܐ ܕܐܪܒܥܐ ܒܡܥܪܒܐ ܐܬܪܫܝܡ ܚܕ ܝܘܡܐ ܠܕܟܪܐ ܕܟܠܝܗ̈ܝ ܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ ܡܚܕܐ. ܘܐܬܝܕܥ ܗܢܐ ܝܘܡܐ ܒܫܡ ܝܘܡܐ ܕܟܠܗܝ ܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ.

## ܨܠܘܬܐ ܘܦܝܣܐ ܠܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ
ܥܕܬܐ ܐܡܪܬ ܕܚܢܢ ܠܐ ܢܨܠܝ ܠܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ، ܐܠܐ ܢܫܩܠ ܚܝܠܐ ܘܣܡܟܬܐ ܪܘܚܢܝܬܐ ܡܢ ܕܗܢܘܢ ܓܢܒܪ̈ܐ ܕܗܝܡܢܘܬܢ ܡܫܝܚܝܬܐ. ܘܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ ܢܬܠܒܒ ܠܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܡܗܘܡܢ̈ܐ ܘܒܟܠ ܥܕܢ ܕܢܦܠܝ ܚܕ ܡܢܗܘܢ ܒܓܘ ܐܘܠܨܢܐ ܒܡܬܚܐ ܕܚܝܘܬܗ ܐܪܥܢܝܬܐ.

## ܬܕܡܪܬܐ ܘܦܓܪܐ ܕܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ
ܡܗܡܢ̈ܐ ܥܕ ܡܢ ܕܪܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܫܪܝ ܠܚܙܝܐ ܕܦܓܪܐ ܕܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ ܒܥܒܕܐ ܠܗܝ ܬܕܡܪܬܐ. ܘܠܛܘܦܣܐ ܣܓܝ ܡܢ ܫܠܕ̈ܐ ܕܩܕܝܫ̈ܐ ܡܢ ܚܝܠܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܠܐ ܝܩܕܠܗܘܿܢ ܟܕ ܐܬܬܪܡܝ ܒܐܬܘܢܐ ܕܢܘܪܐ ܒܝܕ ܒܥܠܕܒܒ̈ܐ ܕܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ.
ܫܛܪܐ ܬܐܒܝܠܝܐ ܕܓܝܢܝܣ

**ܫܛܪ̈ܐ ܬܐܒܝ̈ܠܝܐ ܕܓܝܢܝܣ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ Guinness World Records) ܐܘ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܫܢܬ 2000 **ܟܬܒܐ ܕܫܛܪ̈ܐ ܕܓܝܢܝܣ** (The Guinness Book of Records) ܐܘ ܒܐܨܚ̈ܬܐ ܐܡܪ̈ܝܩܝܬܐ **ܟܬܒܐ ܕܫܛܪ̈ܐ ܬܐܒܝ̈ܠܝܐ ܕܓܝܢܝܣ** (The Guinness Book of World Records) ܗܘ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܢܦܘܩ ܫܢܬܢܐܝܬ. ܐܝܬ ܒܗ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܫܛܪ̈ܐ ܬܐܒܝ̈ܠܝܐ ܝܕ̈ܝܥܐ ܕܐܢܫܘܬܐ ܘܐܦ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܟܝܢܝܬܐ. ܘܗܢܐ ܟܬܒܐ ܒܢܦܫܗ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܫܛܪܐ ܬܐܒܝܠܝܐ ܗܘܝܘ ܓܝܪ ܫܝܫܠܬܐ ܕܟܬܒ̈ܐ ܕܐܙܬܒܢܬ ܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܟܬܒ̈ܐ ܒܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܕܥܠܡܐ. ܐܨܚܬܐ ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ܢܦܩܬ ܒܫܢܬ 1955 ܒܝܕ ܫܘܬܦܘܬܐ ܕܓܝܢܝܣ. ܘܗܠܝܢ ܫܛܪ̈ܐ ܚܬܝܬܝܢ ܠܒܨܘܝ̈ܐ ܘܠܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܠܝܕܥܬܐ ܕܫܛܪ̈ܐ ܬܐܒܝ̈ܠܝܐ܀  

## ܩܘܕܝܟܘܣ

ܣܓܠܐ ܕܓܝܢܝܣ ܐܝܬ ܒܗ ܫܛܪ̈ܐ ܬܐܒܝ̈ܠܝܐ ܐܘ ܥܠܝ̈ܐ ܒܟܠܗܝܢ ܓܝ̈ܓܠܐ. ܛܘܦܣܐܝܬ ܝܬܝܪ ܪܒܐ ܐܘ ܪܡܐ ܐܘ ܝܩܘܪܐ ܘܐܝܬ ܒܗܢܐ ܟܬܒܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܣܔܝ̈ܐܐ ܡܢ ܡܕ̈ܥܐ ܐܝܟ ܐܢܬܬܐ ܕܝܬܝܪ ܟܪܝܐ ܒܩܘܡܬܐ ܒܥܠܡܐ ܐܘ ܓܒܪܐ ܕܪܒ ܒܓܘܫܡܐ ܐܘ ܟܠܒܐ ܕܪܒ ܒܓܘܫܡܐ ܘܗܟܢܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ܀

## ܡܬܛܘܪܢܘܬܐ
ܐܝܟ ܕܐܕܟܪ ܒܕܘܟܬܐ ܕܫܘܬܦܘܬܐ ܕܓܝܢܝܣ ܕܥܠ ܢܘܠܐ ܕܒܐܨܚܬܐ ܕܫܢܬܐ ܕ2006 ܐܝܬ 64,000 ܫܛܪ̈ܝܢ ܬܐܒܝ̈ܠܝܐ ܒܚܩ̈ܠܐ ܦܪ̈ܝܫܬܐ ܟܕ ܐܝܬܝܗܝ ܦܠܛܐ ܒܝܕ ܦܪ̈ܨܘܦܐ ܐܘ ܒܝܕ ܟܢܫ̈ܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܕܐܕܟܪ ܒܥܘܬܕܐ ܕܟܬܒܐ ܕܓܝܢܝܣ ܕܫܘܬܦܘܬܐ ܕܓܝܢܝܣ ܐܙܒܢ ܥܕ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ 100 ܡܠܝܘܢܐ ܐܨܚ̈ܢ ܘܗܢܐ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܪܒ ܡܢ ܟܠ ܘܐܦ ܡܥܠ ܠܟܬܒܐ ܕܓܝܢܝܣ ܒܫܛܪܐ ܬܐܒܝܠܝܐ܀
ܣܩܠܝܐ

thumb|250px|ܣܩܠܝܐ (ܣܘܡܩܬܐ) ܘܫܪܟܐ ܕܐܝܛܠܝܐ (ܚܘܪܬܐ)

**ܣܩܠܝܐ** (ܐܝܛܠܐܝܬ Sicilia) ܗܝ ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܕܐܬܪܐ ܕܐܝܛܠܝܐ ܘܓܙܪܬܐ ܕܪܒܐ ܒܫܛܚܐ ܒܝܢܬ ܓܙܪ̈ܬܐ ܕܝܡܐ ܡܨܥܝܐ. ܣܩܠܝܐ ܐܝܬܝܗ̇ ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܠܗ̇ ܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܝܬܝܐ ܒܐܝܛܠܝܐ. ܘܓܙܪ̈ܬܐ ܙܥܘܪ̈ܝܬܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܚܕܪܝܗ̇ ܐܝܟ ܓܙܪ̈ܬܐ ܐܝܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ ܐܝܬܝܗܝܢ ܡܢܬܐ ܕܣܩܠܝܐ. ܫܡܐ ܫܠܝܛܐ ܕܣܩܠܝܐ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ **ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܣܩܠܝܝܐ** (Regione Siciliana)܀ 

ܐܢܫܐ ܝܕܝܥܐ ܕܗܘܐ ܡܢ ܣܩܠܝܐ ܐܝܟ ܝܕܘܥܐ ܡܫܡܗܐ ܐܪܟܝܡܝܕܝܣ܀

## ܐܣܪ̈ܐ ܒܪ̈ܝܐ
*ܕܘܟܬܐ ܫܠܝܛܬܐ ܕܥܠ ܢܘܠܐ 
*ܨܘܪ̈ܬܐ ܡܢ ܣܩܠܝܐ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܝܛܠܝܐ
ܐܓܪܐ ܕܒܢܝܢܐ

[thumb|300px|[ܬܠܓܐ ܥܠ ܐܓܪ̈ܐ ܕܒܬ̈ܐ]]

**ܐܓܪܐ** ܗܘ ܟܘܣܝܐ ܕܡܢܬܐ ܥܠܝܬܐ ܕܒܢܝܢܐ ܕܢܛܪ ܠܒܢܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܡܥܒܕ̈ܢܘܬܐ ܕܡܘܙܓܐ ܕܐܐܪ ܘܡܢ ܚܝܘ̈ܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܢܝܢܐ
ܚܢܢܝܫܘܥ ܐ ܚܓܝܪܐ

**ܚܢܢܝܫܘܥ ܐ ܚܓܝܪܐ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ حنان يشوع الأول الأعرج܆ 685 – 700 ܡܪܢܝܬܐ) ܗܘܐ ܦܛܪܝܪܟܐ ܕܐܪܒܥܝܢ ܡܢ ܫܝܫܠܬܐ ܕܦܛܪܝܪ̈ܟܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܗ̇ܝ ܕܐܬܝܕܥܬ ܒܫܡܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܢܣܛܘܪܢܝܬܐ ܐܘ ܥܕܬܐ ܦܪܣܝܬܐ܀
ܓܙܪܬܐ ܐܝܘܠܝܬܐ

thumb|350px|ܓܙܪ̈ܬܐ ܐܝܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ ܡܢ ܫܡܝ̈ܐ

**ܓܙܪ̈ܬܐ ܐܝܘܠܝ̈ܬܐ** (ܐܝܛܠܐܝܬ Isole Eolie) ܐܘ **ܓܙܪ̈ܬܐ ܕ[[ܠܝܦܐܪܝ]]** ܐܢܝܢ ܟܢܫܐ ܕܓܘܙܪ̈ܐ ܒܘܠܩܢܝ̈ܐ ܒܝܡܐ ܛܝܪܢܝܐ ܠܓܪܒܝܐ ܕܣܩܠܝܐ. ܫܡܐ ܕܗܠܝܢ ܓܙܪ̈ܬܐ ܐܬܐ ܡܢ ܫܡܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܝܘܢܝܐ ܕܪܘܚܐ ܐܝܘܠܘܣ. ܘܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܕܗܠܝܢ ܓܙܪ̈ܬܐ ܡܬܝܕܥܝܢ ܐܝܟ ܐܝܘܠܢܝ̈ܐ. ܘܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܢܝܬܘܢ ܠܡܣܥܪ ܗܠܝܢ ܓܙܪ̈ܬܐ ܕܝܠܢܐܝܬ ܒܥܕܢ ܩܝܛܐ ܟܕ ܢܝܬܘܢ ܩܪܝܒܐ ܠܡܐܬܝܢ ܐܠܦܝ̈ܢ ܣܥܘܪ̈ܝܢ ܫܢܬܢܐܝܬ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܝܛܠܝܐ
ܒܪܒܥܫܡܝܢ

**ܡܪܝ ܒܪܒܥܫܡܝܢ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ بربعشمين܆ 343-347 ܡܪܢܝܬܐ) ܗܘܐ ܦܛܪܝܪܟܐ ܕܐܪܒܥܣܪ ܡܢ ܫܝܫܠܬܐ ܕܦܛܪܝܪ̈ܟܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܗ̇ܝ ܕܐܬܝܕܥܬ ܒܫܡܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܢܣܛܘܪܢܝܬܐ ܐܘ ܥܕܬܐ ܦܪܣܝܬܐ. ܣܘܟܠܐ ܕܫܡܗ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܒܐܪܒܥܐ ܫܡܗ̈ܝܢ ܐܘ ܒܪ ܒܥܠܫܡܝܢ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܦܛܪܝܪܟܘ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ
ܫܡܥܘܢ ܒܪܨܒܥܐ

**ܡܪܝ ܫܡܥܘܢ ܒܪܨܒܥܐ** ܗܘܐ ܦܛܪܝܪܟܐ ܕܥܣܪܐ ܒܝܢܬ ܦܛܪܝܪ̈ܟܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ. ܘܥܢܕ ܒܝܘܡ ܥܪܘܬܐ ܕܚܫܐ ܒܫܢܬ 345 ܠܡܪܢ ܒܥܕܢ ܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܕܫܒܘܪ ܬܪܝܢܐ ܫܐܗ ܣܣܢܝܐ ܕܦܪ̈ܣܝܐ. ܘܡܪܝ ܫܡܥܘܢ ܒܪܨܒܥܐ ܣܗܕ ܥܡ ܐܠܦ̈ܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܡܢ ܩܫܝܫ̈ܐ ܘܡܫܡܫܢ̈ܐ ܘܡܗܡܢ̈ܐ ܥܡܗ. ܘܡܬܚܫܒ ܩܕܝܫ ܡܪܝ ܫܡܥܘܢ ܒܪܨܒܥܐ ܒܥܕ̈ܬܐ ܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܬܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܬܐ.

ܘܡܬܙܝܚ ܕܘܟܪܢܗ ܥܡ ܒܢ̈ܘܗܝ ܣܗܕ̈ܐ:
:ܒܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܘܒܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܐܪܬܘܕܟܣܝܬܐ ܒܝܘܡ ܥܪܘܬܐ ܕܒܬܪ ܩܝܡܬܐ.
:ܘܒܥܕܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܬܐ ܒܝܘܡ 21 ܒܢܝܣܢ.
:ܘܒܝܘܡ 14 ܒܢܝܣܢ ܒܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ.
:ܘܒܝܘܡ 17 ܒܢܝܣܢ ܒܥܕܬܐ ܝܘܢܝܬܐ ܐܪܬܘܕܟܣܝܬܐ.
:ܘܒܝܘܡ 30 ܒܢܝܣܢ ܒܥܕܬܐ ܡܠܟܝܬܐ.
ܣܕܪܐ ܕܦܛܪܝܪܟܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ

ܗܢܐ ܐܝܬܐ ܣܕܪܐ ܕܦܛܪܝܪ̈ܟܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ:
* 1- ܬܐܘܡܐ ܬܠܡܝܕܐ (33-75)ܠܡܪܢ
* 2- ܐܕܝ ܫܠܝܚܐ (ܒܪܬܘܠܡܝ) (33-؟) 
* 3- ܐܓܝ ܬܠܡܝܕܐ ܕܐܕܝ (66 – 87) ܠܡܪܢ
* 4- ܡܐܪܝ ܬܠܡܝܕܐ ܕܐܕܝ (87–120) ܠܡܪܢ
* 5- ܐܒܪܝܣ (121–137) ܠܡܪܢ
* 6- ܐܒܪܗܡ ܩܕܡܝܐ (159–171) ܠܡܪܢ
* 7- ܝܥܩܘܒ ܩܕܡܝܐ (؟-190)
ܣܦܪܙܒܢܐ

**ܣܦܪܙܒܢܐ** ܐܘ **ܣܦܪܝܘܡܐ** ܗܘ ܚܕ ܢܘܦܩܐ ܕܚܒܫ ܛܒ̈ܐ ܘܡܕ̈ܥܐ ܘܫܘܕܥ̈ܐ، ܘܥܝܕܐܝܬ ܗܕ ܦܪܣܬܐ ܡܬܛܒܥ ܥܠ ܚܕ ܛܪܦܐ ܕܒܨܝܪ ܒܛܝܡܐ. ܘܐܝܬ ܣܦܪ̈ܝܙܒܢܐ ܕܢܦܩܝܢ ܟܠܝܘܡ (ܡܬܩܪܝܢ ܦܪܝܫܐܝܬ ܐܝܟ ܣܦܪܝܘܡܐ) ܐܘ ܫܒܘܥܐܝܬ܀
ܣܐܘܢܐ

[thumb|ܣܐܘܢܐ [ܣܘܡܩܐ ܕܥܩܒܐ ܪܡܬܐ]]

**ܣܐܘܢܐ** ܐܘ **ܡܣܐܢܐ** ܐܘ **ܡܣܢܐ** ܗܘ ܡܐܢܐ ܕܠܒܫܝܢ ܒܥܩ̈ܠܬܐ ܠܢܘܛܪܐ ܡܢ ܓܕ̈ܫܐ ܘܡܕ̈ܡ ܕܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ܀
ܢܝܢܘܣ ܐܚܐ

**ܢܝܢܘܣ ܐܚܐ** ܗܘ ܚܕ ܡܚܘܪܐ ܐܘܡܬܢܝܐ ܐܫܘܪܝܐ ܝܕܝܥܐ ܒܓܘ ܫܝܪܐ ܐܘܡܬܢܝܐ ܡܠܘܚܢ̈ܐ.
ܗܘܐ ܡܢ ܝܡܐ ܒܣܝܩܘܡ 24 ܒܢܝܣܢ ܫܢܬܐ ܕ1945 ܠܡܪܢ ܒܓܘ ܡܬܐ ܕ ܓܪܓܝܫܡܘ ܒܐܬܪܐ ܕ ܣܘܪܝܐ. ܘܒܫܢܬܐ ܕ1958 ܫܢܝ ܡܢ ܡܬܐ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕ ܩܡܫܠܝ ܠܡܓܡܪܬܐ ܕܝܘܠܦܢܗ ܘܢܦܩ ܡܢ ܡܕܪܫܬܐ ܒܫܢܬܐ ܕ1961 ܥܡ ܚܕ ܣܗܕܘܬܐ ܕ ܒܟܠܝܪܝܘܣ ܡܢ ܒܝܬܨܘܒܐ ܕ ܕܪܡܣܘܩ.

ܥܢܕ ܒܣܝܩܘܡ 15/7/2013 ܒܓܘ ܐܬܪܐ ܕ ܐܘܚܕ̈ܢܐ ܡܚܝܕ̈ܐ ܕܐܡܪܝܩܐ.

ܢܝܢܘܣ ܐܚܐ ܐܥܬܪ ܠܙܡܪܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܒܣܓܝ ܫܐܪ̈ܐ ܡܫܚܠܦ̈ܐ ܟܕ ܡܢܗܘܢ ܕܚܘܒܐ ܘܐܘܡܬܐ ܘܫܐܪ̈ܐ ܥܡܡܝ̈ܐ. 

## ܝܨܘܪ̈ܐ ܒܪ̈ܝܐ
http://www.ninosaho.com/ninos-aho-biography
http://www.ankawa.com/forum/index.php/topic,680884.msg6057712.html#msg6057712
ܫܘܫܡܢܝܬܐ (ܝܥܝܬܐ)

thumb|300px|ܫܘܫܡܢܝܬܐ ܐܘܟܡܬܐ ܘܝܪܘܩܬܐ

**ܫܘܫܡܢܝܬܐ** ܗܝ ܝܥܝܬܐ ܡܪܬ ܪܝܚܐ ܒܣܝܡܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܐܕ̈ܫܐ ܬܪܝܢ ܐܘܟܡܐ ܘܝܪܘܩܐ. ܦܐܪܗ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܐܣܟܡܐ ܡܬܠܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܥܝܬܐ
ܒܘܕܗܐ

thumb|ܩܝܡܬܐ ܕܒܘܕܗܐ

**ܒܘܕܗܐ** ܗܘܐ ܡܠܦܢܐ ܘܫܬܐܣܢܐ ܕܬܘܕܝܬܐ ܕܒܘܕܐܕܪܡܐ (ܒܘܕܗܘܬܐ)܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܬܘܕܝܬܐ
ܚܪܛܘܡܢܐ

[thumb|300px|ܚܪ̈ܛܘܡܢܐ [ܚܘܪܐ|ܚܘܪ̈ܐ ܘܝܪ̈ܘܩܐ]]

**ܚܪܛܘܡܢܐ** ܐܘ **ܚܪܛܡܢܐ** ܐܘ **ܚܪܛܡܐ** ܐܘ **ܚܡܨܐ** ܐܘ **ܩܪܚܐ** ܗܘ ܓܢܣܐ ܕܝܥܝܬ̈ܐ ܝܕܝܥܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܥܝܬܐ
ܛܘܘܝܐ

[thumb|ܛܘܘܝܐ ܕ[ܬܪܢܓܘܠܬܐ]]

**ܛܘܘܝܐ** ܗܘ ܐܕܫܐ ܕܒܘܫܠܐ. ܛܘܘܝܐ ܕܒܣܪܐ ܗܘ ܣܝܡܬܗ ܥܠ ܢܘܪܐ ܘܛܘܝܒܗ ܠܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ܀
ܒܢܝܢܐ

[thumb|ܒܢܝܢܐ ܕ[ܒܝܬ ܥܘܪܦܢܐ ܩܢܛܪܘܢܝܐ ܐܘܪܘܦܝܐ]]

**ܒܢܝܢܐ** ܗܘ ܟܠ ܡܕܡ ܒܢܝܐ ܘܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܓܘܕܐ ܘܬܪܥܐ ܘܟܘܬܐ ܘܐܓܪܐ ܐܝܟ ܒܝܬܐ ܘܥܕܬܐ ܘܩܠܥܐ ܘܡܕܪܫܬܐ ܘܫܪ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܢܝܢܐ
ܕܝܪܐ

[thumb|300px|[ܕܝܪܐ ܕܪܒܢ ܗܪܡܙܕ ܥܠ ܛܘܪܐ ܕܐܠܩܘܫܒܐܬܪܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ]]

**ܕܝܪܐ** ܗܝ ܒܝܬ ܡܥܡܪ̈ܐ ܕܪ̈ܒܢܐ ܘܝܚܝܕ̈ܝܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܬܘܕܝܬܐ
ܩܪܫܬܐ

[thumb|ܩܪܫܬܐ ܕ[ܥܕܬܐ ܚܕܐ]]

**ܩܪܫܬܐ** ܐܘ **ܬܛܠܝܠܐ** ܗܝ ܦܐܬܐ ܓܘܝܬܐ ܥܠܝܬܐ ܕܒܢܝܢܐ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
* ܐܓܪܐ ܕܒܢܝܢܐ
ܣܢܛܝܐܓܘ ܕܐ ܬܫܝܠܝ

ܙܥܘܪܬܐ|ܨܘܪ̈ܬܐ ܡܫܚܠܦ̈ܬܐ ܡܢ ܣܢܛܝܐܓܘ

**ܣܢܛܝܐܓܘ ܕܐ ܬܫܝܠܝ** (ܐܣܦܢܐܝܬ Santiago de Chile) ܐܘ ܒܠܚܘܕ **ܣܢܛܝܐܓܘ** (Santiago) ܗܝ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܘܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܕܬܫܝܠܝ܀
ܐܝܓܢܐܛܝܘܣ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܬܪܝܢܐ

ܡܪܝ **ܐܝܓܢܛܝܘܣ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܬܪܝܢܐ** ܗܘܐ ܦܛܪܝܪܟܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܐܪܬܘܕܟܣܝܬܐ܀
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ܐܬܝܠܕ ܒ-3 ܐܝܪ 1965 ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܩܐܡܫܠܝ ܒܐܬܪܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܐ. ܘܫܡܐ ܕܝܠܗ ܫܪܫܝܐ ܗܘܐ **ܣܥܝܕ ܟܪܝܡ**.
ܐܬܣܝܡ ܟܗܢܐ ܒܫܢܬ 1985 ܘܐܦܝܣܩܘܦܐ ܥܠ ܡܕܢܚܐ ܕܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܡܚܝܕܐ ܒܫܢܬ 1996. ܘܡܢ ܒܬܪ ܡܘܬܗ ܠܦܛܪܝܪܟܐ ܐܝܓܢܐܛܝܘܣ ܙܟܝ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܥܝܘܐܨ ܐܬܓܒܝ ܥܠ ܦܛܪܝܪܟܘܬܐ ܘܐܬܪܫܡ ܒ29 ܐܝܪ 2014܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܦܛܪܝܪܟܘ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܐܪܬܘܕܟܣܝܬܐ
ܐܓܢܣ ܡܘ

thumb|ܐܓܢܣ ܡܘ ܒ2004

**ܐܓܢܣ ܡܘܢܝܩܐ ܡܘܠܓܘܛܐ** (ܐܝܢܕܘܢܝܣܐܝܬ Agnes Monica Muljoto) ܐܘ ܦܫܝܛܐܝܬ **ܐܓܢܣ ܡܘ** (Agnez Mo܄ ܐܬܝܠܕܬ 1 ܒܬܡܘܙ 1986) ܗܝ ܙܡܪܬܐ ܐܝܢܕܘܢܝܣܝܬܐ.

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܓܢܣ ܡܘ
ܐܪܐܪܐ

**ܐܪܐܪܐ** (ܦܘܪܛܘܓܠܐܝܬ Arara) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܒܪܐܙܝܠ܀

## ܐܣܘܪ̈ܐ ܒܪ̈ܝܐ
* http://www.arara.pb.gov.br 

ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܪܐܙܝܠ
ܐܝܩܝܩܗ

thumb|350px|ܨܘܪ̈ܬܐ ܡܫܚܠܦ̈ܬܐ ܡܢ ܐܝܩܝܩܗ

**ܐܝܩܝܩܗ** (ܐܣܦܢܐܝܬ Iquique) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܓܪܒܝܐ ܕܬܫܝܠܝ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܬܫܝܠܝ
ܐܢܛܘܦܐܓܐܣܛܐ

thumb|350px|ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܐܢܛܘܦܐܓܐܣܛܐ

**ܐܢܛܘܦܐܓܐܣܛܐ** (ܐܣܦܢܐܝܬ Antofagasta) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܓܪܒܝܐ ܕܬܫܝܠܝ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܬܫܝܠܝ
ܬܐܛܪܘܢ

**ܒܹܐܡܵܐ** ܝܼܠܵܐ ܚܕܼܵܐ ܡܲܚܙܹܝܬܼܵܐ ܡܗܘܿܕܲܪܬܼܵܐ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܟܢܘܼܫܬܵܐ ܕܚܲܙܝܵܢܹܐ ܒܝܲܕܼ ܡܛܲܐܠܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܓܵܘ ܚܲܕܼ ܟܘܼܪܣܝܵܐ ܪܵܡܵܐ. ܡܛܲܐܠܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܟܹܐ ܡܦܸܠܚܝܼܝ ܣܲܥܪܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܘܗܲܡܙܲܡ̈ܝܵܬܹܐ ܓܵܘ ܚܲܕܼ ܦܸܨܠܵܐ ܐَܚܪܹܢܵܐ. ܦܪܝܼܫܵܐܝܼܬܼ ܙܵܘܥܹܐ ܕܡܛܲܐܠܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܟܹܐ ܡܫܲܚܸܠܦܝܼܝ ܠܦܸܨܠܵܐ ܕܡܛܲܐܠܵܢܹ̈ܐ.
ܛܪܘܝܐܢܝ

thumb|250pxi

**ܛܪܘܝܐܢܝ** (ܦܘܠܢܕܐܝܬ Trojany) ܗܝ ܡܬܐ 
M m mmlklxzzzzzzzzZzsssܒܡܕܢܚܐ ܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܕܦܘܠܢܕ.ܝܘܡܢܐ ܐܝܬ ܐܪܒܥܡܐܐ ܘܬܫܥܝܢ ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܢ ܒܡܬܐ ܗܕܐ܀

## '''[[ܣܕܪܐ:ܦܘܠܢܕ]]<u>zzzzzzzZZsww</u> '''

## '''[[ܣܕܪܐ:ܦܘܠܢܕ]]<u>zzzzzzzZZsww</u> '''
ܡܥܪ

thumb|250px|ܡܥܪ-ܡܬܐ ܕܐܬܘܪܝ̈ܐ
ܡܥܪ ܗܝ ܚܕܐ ܡܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܬܐ ܒܗܟܪܝ܁ ܡܥܪ ܐܸܬܠܵܐ ܡܲܥܢܵـܝܵܐ ܓܵܘ ܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܕܐܵܬܘܿܪܵܝܹܐ ܡܲܥ-ܡܲܪܬܵܐ (ܒܢܝܼܬܵܐ)܁ ܡܥܪ ܗܝ ܓܘ ܩܲܙܵܐ ܒܹܝܬܫܵܒܵܦ ܕܡܕܼܝܼܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܫܝܪܢܐܟ.
ܐܣܘܪܝܐ

**ܐܣܘܪܝܐ** ܗܘ/ܗܝ:

* ܐܣܘܪܝܐ (ܐܢܛܘܠܝܐ)܆ ܐܬܪܐ ܩܕܝܡܐ ܒܬܝܡܢܐ ܕܐܢܛܘܠܝܐ
* ܓܠܘܬܐ
ܠܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ

**ܠܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ** ܗܘ:

* ܠܥܙܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܐܟܕܝܐ
* ܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܚܕܬܐ ܕܐܬܘܪܝܐ܆ ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܕܝܐ ܝܘܡܢܐ
ܢܒܘܟܕܢܨܪ

thumbnail|200px|ܢܒܘܟܕܢܨܪ ܬܪܝܢܐ

**ܢܒܘܟܕܢܨܪ ܬܪܝܢܐ** (ܐܟܕܐܝܬ 105px *ܢܒܘ ܟܘܕܘܪܝ ܐܘܨܘܪ* ܐܘܟܝܬ "ܢܒܘ ܛܪ ܠܝܪܬܝ/ܠܒܘܟܪܝ") ܗܘܐ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܡܠܟ̈ܐ ܕܟܠܕ̈ܝܐ ܚܟܡܠ ܒܒܠ ܡܢ ܫܢ̈ܝ 605-562 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ܆ ܢܒܘܟܕܢܨܪ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܓܢܒܪ̈ܐ ܕܒܒܠ܆ ܩܡܪܐܛܘܪܝܐ ܡܛܝܠܐ ܡܢ ܚܕܘܕ ܡܐܬܐ ܬܐ ܚܕܘܕ ܡܨܪܝܢ܆ ܐܗ ܒܐܒ ܢܒܘܦܘܠܐܨܪ ܡܚܪܒܠ ܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܘܡܨܪ̈ܝܐ܆ ܢܒܘܟܕܢܨܪ ܟܡܓܐܠܒܠܢ ܘܫܩܠ ܡܬܘ̈ܬܐ ܕܐܪܡ ܘܕܟܢܥܢ܆ ܒܫܢܬܐ 605 ܩܕܡ ܒܫܠ ܡܠܟܐ ܕܒܒܠ܆ ܘܕܠ ܡܢ ܒܒܠ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܚܕܬܐ ܘܒܢܝܠ ܒܪܓ ܒܒܠ ܘܓܢܬܐ ܡܥܠܩ܆ ܟܬܒܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܡܝܪ ܢܒܘܟܕܢܨܪ ܫܩܠ ܠܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܬܪܬܝܢ ܓܗ̈ܝܢ܆ ܚܕܐ ܒܫܢܬܐ 597 ܩܕܡ ܘܓܗܐ ܐܚܪܬܐ ܫܢܬܐ 587܆ ܘܫܩܠ ܡܕ̈ܝܢܬܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܝܬܐ ܐܝܟ ܨܘܪ ܘܐܝܟ ܐܫܩܠܘܢ܆ ܢܒܘܟܕܢܨܪ ܡܬܠ ܒܫܢܬܐ 562 ܩܕܡ ܘܬܘܠ ܚܟܡ ܒܒܠ ܒܪܘܢ ܐܡܝܠ ܡܪܘܕܟ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܒܠܝܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܟܠܕܝܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܪܡܝܐ
ܐܠܟܣܢܕܪܘܣ ܪܒܐ

thumbnail|300px|ܐܠܟܣܢܕܪܘܣ ܪܒܐ

**ܐܠܟܣܢܕܪܘܣ ܕܡܩܕܘܢܝܐ ܬܠܝܬܝܐ** ܐܘ **ܐܠܟܣܢܕܪܘܣ ܪܒܐ** (ܠܫܢܐ ܝܘܢܝܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας "ܐܠܟܣܢܕܪܘܣ ܗܘ ܡܓܣ"܆ ܐܬܝܠܕ ܒ20 ܐܘ 21 ܒܬܘܡܙ ܒ356 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܘܡܬ ܒ10 ܐܘ 11 ܒܚܙܝܪܢ ܒ323) ܗܘܐ ܡܠܟܐ ܝܘܢܝܐ ܡܩܕܘܢܝܐ ܕܡܠܟ ܒܕܪܐ ܕܐܪܒܥܐ ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ. ܫܘܪܐܝܬ ܡܠܟܘܬܗ ܘܕܠ ܫܪܗ ܐܡܬ ܦܪܣܝܐ ܘ ܫܩܠ ܐܡܦܪܐܛܘܪܝܐ ܕܝܠܗ܆ ܘܡ ܘܕܠ ܐܡܦܪܐܛܘܪܝܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܡܢ ܐܠܒܢܝܐ ܠܗܢܕܘ܆ ܩܕܡ ܠܐ ܡܠܝܬ ܒܫܠ ܒܒܒܠ ܐܝ ܟܒܝܘܐ ܕܐܘܕܠܐ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܐܠܐ ܡܬ ܬܡܢ ܘܩܒܪܐ ܘܠ ܕܗܐ ܠܝ ܟܫܝܦܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܘܢܝܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܠܟܐ
ܒܪܚܘܫܐ

thumbnail|200px|ܢܵܒܘܼ ܚܘܼܕܘܼܪܝܼ ܐܘܼܨܘܼܪ

**ܒܪܚܘܫܐ** (ܠܫܢܐ ܝܘܢܝܐ: ܒܝܪܘܣܘܣ) ܬܫܥܝܢܐܝܐ ܘ ܦܠܟܐܝܐ ܘ ܐܬܪܢܐ ܘ ܟܗܢܐ ܟܠܕܐܝܐ ܡܢ ܒܒܠ، ܚܝܠ ܒܙܘܢܬ ܐܣܢܕܪ ܪܐܒܐ، ܚܝܠ ܚܐܗ ܓܘ ܓܙܪܬܐ ܪܘܕܣ، ܚܟܝܠ ܒܚܣ ܬܫܥܝܬܬ ܕܟܠܕܐܝܝ ܘ ܬܫܥܝܬܬ ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ.

ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܒܠܐܝܝ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܟܠܕܐܝܝ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܬܫܝܢܐܝܝ
ܐܘܪ

**ܐܘܪ** (ܫܘܡܪܐܝܬ 𒌶𒆠 ܐܘ 𒋀𒀕𒆠 ܐܘ 𒋀𒀊𒆠) ܗܘܬ ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܡܕܝܢܝܐ ܫܘܡܪܝܐ ܕܢܦܠܐ ܗܘܬ ܒܬܝܡܢܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ܆ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܚܪܒܬܐ ܕ**ܬܠ ܐܠܡܘܩܝܪ** ܒܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܕܝ ܩܐܪ (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ تل المقير) ܒܥܝܪܐܩ. ܗܘܬ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕܫܘܡܪܝܐ ܒܙܒܢܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܕܐܘܪ ܛܠܐܬܐ 2100 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܘܚܪܕ ܬܘܠ ܓܘܗ̇ ܒܒ̈ܠܝܐ ܘܟܠܕ̈ܝܐ ܥܬܝܩ̈ܐ܆ ܡܢ ܐܬ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܦܠܛ ܡܢܗ̇ ܐܒܪܗܡ ܥܠ ܟܬܒܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ. ܐܝܬܝܗ̇ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܩܕܡ ܦܠܛ ܣܝܪ ܠܝܘܢܐܪܕ ܘܘܠܝ ܒܫܢܬ 1922 ܘܡܫܗܝܪܐ ܒܙܩܘܪܬܐ ܐܝ ܕܘܠ ܕܗܐ ܦܫܬܐ ܬܐܡܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ
ܚܕܝܐܒ

**ܚܕܝܐܒ** ܗܘܬ ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ ܘܪܒܬܐ ܒܓܪܒܝ  ܡܥܪܒ ܐܬܘܪ܁ ܪܝܫܗ̇ ܗܘܐ ܐܪܒܝܠ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܕܥܪܐܩ
ܦܝܣܘ ܬܫܝܠܝܢܝܐ

**ܦܝܣܘ ܬܫܝܠܝܢܝܐ** ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܙܘܙܐ ܪܘܫܡܝܐ ܕܬܫܝܠܝ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܙܘܙܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܬܫܝܠܝ
ܪܗܘܡܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ

**ܪܗܘܡܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ** (ܠܐܛܝܢܐܝܬ Roma) ܗܘܬ ܥܕܐ ܡܕ̈ܝܢܬܐ ܦܠܛ ܒܐܝܛܠܝܐ ܘܝܘ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܪܗܘܡܐ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ܆ ܐܫܬܣܬ ܒܕܪܐ ܬܡܝܢܝܐ ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܘܗܪܕܗ ܦܫܠ ܗܕܐ ܡܢ ܝܬܝܪܐ ܐܡܦܪܐܛܘܪܝܬܐ ܒܥܠܡܐ ܘܫܩܘܠܢ ܟܠܗ̇ ܐܪܥܐ ܐܕ ܘܝܘ ܐܠ ܝܡܐ ܚܘܪܐ ܡܨܥܝܐ ܘܓܪܒܝܐ ܕܐܘܪܘܦܐ ܘܡܛܝܠ ܗܡܝܢ ܘܠ ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ. ܫܪܝܬ ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܒܗ̇ ܘܐܦ ܟܕ ܦܫܠ ܥܘܩܐܢܐ ܐܠܐ ܐܢ ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܦܫܠ ܬܘܕܝܬܐ ܕܝܠܗ̇ ܒܕܪܐ ܪܒܝܥܝܐ܆ ܝܘܠܝܘܣ ܩܣܪ ܘܐܓܘܣܛܘܣ ܩܣܪ ܘܢܪܘܢ ܘܦܘܡܦܝܘܣ ܘܦܣܒܐܣܝܐܢ ܘܬܪܐܓܐܢ ܘܩܘܢܣܛܢܛܝܢ ܘܝܘ ܪܝܫܐܢ ܕܝܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܝܛܠܝܐ
ܣܥܪܬ

thumb|300px|ܩܢܛܪܘܢ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ

**ܣܥܪܬ** ܐܘ **ܣܥܪܕ** (ܛܘܪܩܐܝܬ Siirt܆ ܛܘܪܩܐܝܬ ܥܘܬܡܢܝܐ܆ سعرد‎܆ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ سِعِرْد‎‎܆ ܐܪܡܢܐܝܬ Սղերդ܆ ܩܪܕܘܐܝܬSêrt ‎) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܢܦܠܐ ܒܬܝܡܢ ܡܕܢܚ ܕܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܩܘܪܒܐ ܒܬܚܘܡܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ ܘܕܣܘܪܝܐ ܘܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܣܥܪܬ. ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܕܝܠܗ̇ ܦܠܛܝܢ ܐܦܙܓܐ ܕܝܝ ܒܨܝܪ 135,350 ܢܦܫ ܚܝܐ ܕܒܣܘܓܐ ܡܢ ܩܪ̈ܕܘܝܐ ܘܐܦ ܐܝܬ ܒܗ̇ ܥܪ̈ܒܝܐ ܘܛܘܪ̈ܩܝܐ. ܩܕܡܐܝܬ ܗܕܐ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܘܬ ܒܣܘܪܝܐ ܟܒܝܪܬܐ ܡܢ ܟܠܕ̈ܝܐ ܘܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܘܐܪ̈ܡܢܝܐ ܐܠܐ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܐܬܛܪܕܘ ܗܘܘ ܒܫܢܬ 1915܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܛܘܪܩܝܐ
ܟܝܕܝܢܘ

**ܟܝܕܝܢܘ** ܐܝ ܥܐ ܦܠܟܐܝܐ ܟܠܕܝܐ ܡܢ ܒܒܠ ܥܝܠ ܒܕܪܐ ܐܪܒ ܩܡ ܡܫܝܥ، ܟܝܕܝܢܘ ܐܝܘ ܪܝܫܐܢ ܡܕܪܬܐ ܕܦܠܟܐܝܝ ܓܘ ܫܝܒܪܐ. ܐܝ ܦܠܟܐܝܐ ܚܰܘܝ  ܣܘܰܐܚ ܐܕ ܡܫܘܚܐܬܐ ܕܓܘ، ܘܥܟܝܠ ܒܥܐܣܬ ܕܕܒܳܪܐ ܣܗܪܐ ܘ ܕܢܰܚ، ܥܐ ܡܢ ܕܘܟܐܢ ܕܣܗܪܐ ܟܡ ܩܐܪܝܠ ܒܫܡ.

ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܒܠܝܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܟܠܕܝܐ
ܡܪܘܕܟ

**ܡܪܘܕܟ** ܐܘ **ܒܝܠ** (ܡܢ ܐܟܕܝܐ: bēlu “ܒܥܠܐ”) ܗܘ ܐܠܗܐ ܪܝܫܝܐ ܕܒܒܠܝ̈ܐ ܕܡܬܣܓܕ ܗܘܐ ܒܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ ܒܡܕܝܬܐ ܕܒܒܝܠ ܘܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ܁ ܟܘܟܒܗ ܕܒܥܠܫܡܗ ܘܐܬܩܪܐ ܒܬܪܗ ܗܘ ܒܝܠ܀

## ܫܪܒܬܐ
ܐܒ ܡܪܘܕܟ ܗܘ ܐܢܟܝ ܘܐܡܗ ܗܝ ܢܝܢܚܪܣܢܓ܁ ܒܥܠܬܗ ܨܪܦܢܝܬ ܘܒܪܗ ܢܒܘ܀
ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܠܗܐ
ܙܟܘ

**ܙܟܘ** ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܢܦܠܐ ܒܓܪܒܝܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ ܩܘܪܒܐ ܕܬܚܘܡܐ ܥܡ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ. ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܕܥܡܪܝܢ ܒܗ̇ ܡܛܝܢ ܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ ܬܠܬܡܐܐ ܐܠܦ̈ܝܢ. ܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܕܡܕܝܕܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܥܬܝܩ ܡܬ ܣܘܪܝܬܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܟܠܕ̈ܝܐ ܘܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܘܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܘܐܪ̈ܡܢܝܐ ܘܐܝܬܘ ܓܐܘܫ ܝܕ̈ܘܗܝܐ ܘܕܣܢܐܝܝ܆ ܐܠܐ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܚܵܕܲܪܝܵܐ ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܡܢ ܩܘܪ̈ܕܝܐ ܘܡܫܠܡܢ̈ܐ ܘܐܝܬ ܡܬܘ̈ܬܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܬܒܢܐ ܕܕ ܣܘܪܐܝܝ ܐܝܟ ܦܝܫܚܐܒܘܪ ܘܕܐܘܕܝܐ ܘܡܬܘ̈ܬܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܝܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ
ܒܝܬ ܥܬܩܐ ܕܐܪܥܬܐ ܕܐܘܪܝܬܐ

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**ܒܝܬ ܥܬܩ̈ܐ ܕܐܪ̈ܥܬܐ ܕܐܘܪܝܬܐ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ מוזיאון ארצות המקרא ירושלים) ܗܘ ܒܝܬ ܥܬܩ̈ܐ ܒܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܒܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ܀

## ܐܣܪ̈ܐ ܒܪ̈ܝܐ

*  The Bible Lands Museum
* The Bible Lands Museum  at ilMuseums.com

ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܝܬ ܥܬܩܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ
ܫܘܬܣܐ ܕܡܩܕܫܐ

[thumb|250px|left|ܡܥܠܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܥܬܩ̈ܐ ܕܫܘܬܣܐ ܕܡܩܕܫܐ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ ܕ[ܐܘܪܫܠܡ]]

**ܫܘܬܣܐ ܕܡܩܕܫܐ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ מכון המקדש) ܗܘ ܫܘܬܦܘܬܐ ܒܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܕܬܨܒܐ ܠܡܫܬܐܣܘ ܠܒܝܬ ܡܩܕܫܐ ܕܝܗܘܕܝܘܬܐ. ܒܥܬܝܕ ܪܚܝܟܐ ܢܝܫ̈ܘܗܝ ܐܢܘܢ ܠܡܒܢܐ ܠܡܩܕܫܐ ܬܠܝܬܝܐ ܒܛܘܪ ܒܝܬܐ ܥܠܘܗܝ ܐܝܬ ܕܗܫܐ ܒܗ ܒܢܝ ܩܘܒܬܐ ܕܫܘܥܐ ܘܠܡܫܪܝܘ ܬܘܒ ܣܓܕܬܐ ܕܕܒܚܐ ܕܚܝܘ̈ܬܐ܀


File:The Golden Menorah on the way to the Western Wall in the Jewish Quarter, Jerusalem.jpg|ܩܝܡܬܐ ܕܡܢܪܬܐ ܕܗܒܢܝܬܐ ܥܠ ܓܒ ܫܘܬܣܐ ܕܡܩܕܫܐ
File:רחבת המנורה - 1.jpg|ܢܝܫܐ ܕܫܘܩܐ ܕܡܢܪܬܐ ܥܠ ܓܒ ܫܘܬܣܐ ܕܡܩܕܫܐ


## ܐܣܪ̈ܐ ܒܪ̈ܝܐ
* ܫܘܬܣܐ ܕܡܩܕܫܐ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܝܬ ܥܬܩܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ
ܩܕܝܫܬܐ ܠܘܣܝܐ

thumb|300px|ܐܝܩܘܢ ܕܩܕܝܫܬܐ ܠܘܣܝܐ

**ܩܕܝܫܬܐ ܠܘܣܝܐ** ܗܘܬ ܥܠܝܡܬܐ ܒܬܘܠܬܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܬܐ ܕܐܬܝܠܕܬ ܗܘܬ ܒܫܢܬ 280 ܒܣܝܪܟܘܣܐ ܒܣܩܠܝܐ. ܗܶܫ ܗܝ̣ܝܰܗ̇ ܒܥܘܡܪܐ ܕܗܝ ܥܠܝܡܘܬܗ̇ ܩܛܝܠܐ ܡܛܠ ܕܗܝܡܢܘܬܗ̇ ܒܡܫܝܚܘܬܐ. ܒܗܘ ܙܒܢܐ ܗܘܐ ܕܝܘܩܠܛܝܐܢܘܣ ܗܘ ܫܠܝܛܐ ܕܪ̈ܗܘܡܝܐ. ܐܩܝܡ ܗܘ ܫܠܝܛܢܐ ܪ̈ܕܘܦܝܐ ܣܓܝ ܩܫܝ̈ܐ ܥܠ ܡܫܝ̈ܚܝܐ ܒܗܘ ܙܒܢܐ܀

= ܐܣܪ̈ܐ ܒܪ̈ܝܐ =
* ܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܟܬܝܒܐ ܒܣܘܕܝܐ
ܩܪܒ ܡܓܥ

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**ܩܪܒ ܡܓܥ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ קְרַב מַגָּע) ܗܘ ܙܢܐ ܕܕܘܪܬܐ ܡܢ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ܀

## ܐܣܪ̈ܐ ܒܪ̈ܝܐ

*IKMF IKMF - International Krav Maga Federation lead by Master Avi Moyal 
*Israeli Krav Maga Association (IKMA) founded in 1978 by Krav Maga founder Imi Lichtenfeld.
*Israeli Krav Maga Free Web Guide  - The Complete Internet Guide for Israeli Krav Maga.

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ
ܨܕܕ

**ܨܕܕ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ صدد) ܗܝ ܡܬܐ ܕܢܦܠܐ ܠܡܥܪܒܐ ܕܚܡܨ ܒܣܘܪܝܐ. ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܕܝܠܗ̇ ܦܠܛܝܢ ܐܦܙܓܐ ܕܝܝ ܒܨܝܪ 3,503 ܡ̣ܢ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܡܥܪ̈ܒܝܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܝܐ
0 (ܡܢܝܢܐ)

**0** ܐܘ **ܣܦܝܩܐ** (ܟܢܘܫܝܐ: **ܣܦܝ̈ܩܐ**) ܗܘ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܟܝܢܝܐ ܐܬܐ ܒܬܪ -1 ܘܩܕܡ 1܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܢܝܢܐ
ܒܐܬ

ܙܥܘܪܬܐ|400px|ܣܗܪܢܐ ܡܠܟܝܐ ܒܒܐܬ
ܙܥܘܪܬܐ|350px|ܒܢ̈ܘܬܐ ܪ̈ܗܘܡܝܐ ܝܘܡܢܐ

**ܒܐܬ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ Bath) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܐܢܓܠܢܕ ܒܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܡܚܝܕܬܐ. ܐܝܬ ܩܘܪܒܐ ܒܬܫܥ ܪ̈ܒܘܢ ܐܢܫ̈ܝܢ ܒܒܐܬ ܡܢ ܫܢܬ 2011. ܒܐܬ ܗܝ ܥܠ ܓܢܒ ܢܗܪܐ ܕܐܝܒܘܢ ܘܒܒܐܬ ܐܝܬ ܚܡܝ̈ܡܬܐ ܟܝܢܝ̈ܬܐ. ܓܕ̣ܫ ܟܘܠܠܐ ܕܐܕܓܪ ܡܠܟܐ ܕܐܢܓܠܢܕ ܒܒܐܬ ܒܕܪܐ ܥܣܝܪܝܐ. ܒܒܐܬ ܐܝܬ ܣܓܝ ܒ̈ܬܝ ܚܙܘ̈ܢܐ ܘܒ̈ܬܝ ܥܬܩ̈ܐ ܘܐܦ ܬܪܝܢ ܒ̈ܬܝ ܨܘܒܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܐܢܓܠܢܕ
ܠܐ ܣܝܪܝܢܐ

250px|thumb|ܨܘܪ̈ܬܐ ܡܫܚ̈ܠܦܬܐ ܡܢ ܠܐ ܣܝܪܝܢܐ

**ܠܐ ܣܝܪܝܢܐ** (ܐܣܦܢܐܝܬ La Serena) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܘܩܘܡܘܢܐ ܒܓܪܒܝܐ ܕܬܫܝܠܝ ܘܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕܦܢܝܬܐ ܕܩܘܩܝܡܒܘ. ܐܫܬܬܣܬ ܗܘܬ ܡܕܝܢܝܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܒܫܢܬ 1544 ܘܐܝܬܝܗ̇ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ ܡܢ ܟܠ ܒܐܬܪܐ ܒܬܪ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕܐܬܪܐ ܣܢܛܝܐܓܘ ܕܢܦܠܐ ܠ471 km ܠܬܝܡܢܗ̇܀

 ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܬܫܝܠܝ
ܟܪܝܣ ܩܘܪܢܠ

thumb|300px|ܩܘܪܢܠ ܒܐܝܠܘܠ ܒ2011

**ܟܪܝܣ ܩܘܪܢܠ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ Chris Cornell܆ ܐܬܝܠܕ ܒܫܡܐ Christopher John Boyle **ܟܪܝܣܛܘܦܪ ܓܘܢ ܒܘܝܠ** ܒ20 ܒܬܡܘܙ ܒ1964 ܘܡܬ ܒ17 ܒܐܝܪ ܒ2017) ܗܘܐ ܡܘܣܝܩܪܐ ܘܙܡܪܐ ܘܟܬܘܒܐ ܕܙܡܝܪ̈ܬܐ ܐܡܪܝܩܝܐ. ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܗܘܐ ܙܡܪܐ ܪܝܫܢܐ ܕܓܘܕ̈ܐ ܕܣܐܘܢܕܓܐܪܕܢ ܘܕܐܘܕܝܘܣܠܝܒ܀
ܬܐܢܬܐ

ܙܥܘܪܬܐ

**ܬܐܢܬܐ** (ܟܢܘܫܝܐ: **ܬܐܢ̈ܐ**) ܗܝ ܦܐܪܐ ܕܐܝܠܢܐ ܕܬܐܢܬܐ. ܗܢܐ ܦܐܪܐ ܝ̇ܥܐ ܒܓܒܐ ܬܝܡܢܝܐ ܕܐܘܪܘܦܐ ܘܒܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܚܕܪ ܐܪܒܝܐ܀
ܩܝܠ

thumb|350px|ܚܙܘܐ ܡܢ ܫܡܝܐ ܕܩܢܛܪܘܢ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܩܝܠ ܡܢ ܡܨܥ ܐܒ ܒ2003

**ܩܝܠ** (ܓܪܡܢܐܝܬ Kiel) ܗܝ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܕܫܠܣܒܝܓ-ܗܘܠܫܛܐܝܢ ܒܓܪܒܝܐ ܕܓܪܡܢ. ܐܝܬ 247,441 ܐܢܫ̈ܝܢ ܒܩܝܠ ܝܘܡܢܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܓܪܡܢ
ܠܘܒܩ

thumb|350px|ܐܟܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܠܘܒܩ ܒܓܪܡܢ

**ܠܘܒܩ** (ܓܪܡܢܐܝܬ Lübeck) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܢܦܠܐ ܒܓܪܒܝܐ ܕܓܪܡܢ ܒܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܕܫܠܣܒܝܓ-ܗܘܠܫܛܐܝܢ. ܐܝܬ 216,712 ܐܢܫ̈ܝܢ ܒܠܘܒܩ ܝܘܡܢܐ. ܡܕܢܝܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܗܝ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܠܡܐܢ̈ܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܐ ܒܟܠܗ̇ ܓܪܡܢ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܓܪܡܢ
ܒܝܬ ܨܘܒܐ ܕܡܘܣܩܒܐ

thumb|350px|ܒܢܝܢܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܨܘܒܐ ܕܡܘܣܩܒܐ

**ܒܝܬ ܨܘܒܐ ܕܡܘܣܩܒܐ** ܐܘ ܪܘܫܡܢܐܝܬ **ܒܝܬ ܨܘܒܐ ܡܕܒܪܢܘܬܢܝܐ ܕܡܘܣܩܒܐ ܥܠ ܠܘܡܘܢܘܣܘܒ** (ܪܘܣܐܝܬ Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова ܐܘ ܟܪܝܐܝܬ МГУ) ܗܘ ܒܝܬ ܨܘܒܐ ܒܡܘܣܩܒܐ ܒܪܘܣܝܐ. ܐܫܬܐܣ ܒܝܬ ܨܘܒܐ ܗܢܐ ܒ28 ܒܟܢܘܢ ܬܪܝܢܐ ܒ1755 ܡܢ ܡܝܟܐܝܠ ܠܘܡܘܢܘܣܘܒ. ܒ1940 ܬܘܒ ܐܫܬܡܗ ܫܡܗ ܠ**ܒܝܬ ܨܘܒܐ ܥܠ ܠܘܡܘܢܘܣܘܒ**. ܐܦ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܒܢܝܢܐ ܡܕܪܫܬܢܝܐ ܐܪܝܟܐ ܡܢ ܟܠ ܒܥܠܡܐ. ܗܫܐ ܪܝܫܢܐ ܗܘ ܒܝܩܛܘܪ ܣܕܘܒܢܝܬܫܝ܀

## ܐܣܪ̈ܐ ܒܪ̈ܝܐ

* ܒܝܬ ܨܘܒܐ ܕܡܘܣܩܒܐ (ܪܘܣܐܝܬ)
* ܨܘܪ̈ܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܨܘܒܐ ܕܡܘܣܩܒܐ 
* [ܡܫܪܝܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܨܘܒܐ ܕܡܘܣܩܒܐ ܒ[ܡܦܐ ܕܓܘܓܠ|ܡܦ̈ܐ ܕܓܘܓܠ]]


ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܝܬ ܨܘܒܐ ܒܡܘܣܩܒܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܝܬ ܨܘܒܐ ܒܪܘܣܝܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܪܘܣܝܐ
ܗܐܢܣ ܟܪܝܣܛܝܐܢ ܐܢܕܪܣܢ

ܙܥܘܪܬܐ|ܗܐܢܣ ܟܪܝܣܛܝܐܢ ܐܢܕܪܣܢ

**ܗܐܢܣ ܟܪܝܣܛܝܐܢ ܐܢܕܪܣܢ** (ܕܐܢܡܐܪܩܐܝܬ Hans Christian Andersen܆ ܐܬܝܠܕ 2 ܒܢܝܣܢ 1805 ܘܡܬ 4 ܒܐܒ 1875) ܗܘܐ ܟܬܘܒܐ ܕܐܢܡܐܪܩܝܐ܀
ܠܝܐܠ ܥܒܘܕ

ܙܥܘܪܬܐ|ܠܝܐܠ ܥܒܘܕ ܒܫܢܬ 2015

**ܠܝܐܠ ܥܒܘܕ**  (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ ليال عبود [laj'ja:l ʕab'bu:d] ܐܬܝܠܕܬ ܒ15 ܒܐܝܪ ܒ1982) ܗܝ ܙܡܪܬܐ ܘܪܩܕܬܐ ܠܒܢܢܝܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܠܒܢܢ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܙܡܪܐ ܠܒܢܢܝܐ
ܦܠܢܣܒܘܪܓ

ܙܥܘܪܬܐ|ܠܡܐܢܐ ܕܦܠܢܣܒܘܪܓ ܡܢ ܫܡܝܐ

**ܦܠܢܣܒܘܪܓ** (ܓܪܡܢܐܝܬ Flensburg܆ ܕܐܢܡܐܪܩܐܝܬ Flensborg) ܗܝ ܩܪܝܬܐ ܚܐܪܬܐ (ܓܪܡܢܐܝܬ kreisfreie Stadt) ܒܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܕܫܠܣܒܝܓ-ܗܘܠܫܛܐܝܢ ܒܓܪܒܝ ܓܪܡܢ. ܐܝܬ 87,432 ܐܢܫ̈ܝܢ ܒܦܠܢܣܒܘܪܓ ܡܢ ܡܟܬܒܢܘܬܐ ܕܫܢܬ 2016܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܓܪܡܢ
ܦܝܘܛܪܘܒܝܬܣܐ

**ܦܝܘܛܪܘܒܝܬܣܐ** (ܦܘܠܢܕܐܝܬ Piotrowice) ܗܝ ܡܬܐ ܒܡܕܢܚܐ ܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܕܦܘܠܢܕ. ܡܢ ܫܢܬܐ ܕ2013 ܐܝܬ ܩܘܪܒܐ ܕ352 ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܢ ܒܦܝܘܛܪܘܒܝܬܣܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܦܘܠܢܕ
ܨܘܡܐܠ

**ܨܘܡܐܠ** (ܨܘܡܐܠܐܝܬ Soomaaliya܆ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ الصومال) ܐܘ ܫܠܝܛܐܝܬ **ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܦܕܪܠܝܬܐ ܕܨܘܡܐܠ** (ܨܘܡܐܠܐܝܬ Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya܆ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية) ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܒܩܪܢܐ ܕܐܦܪܝܩܐ. ܨܘܡܐܠ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ݊ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܥܡ ܟܘܫ ܠܡܥܪܒܐ ܘܥܡ ܓܝܒܘܬܝ ܠܓܪܒܝ ܡܥܪܒܐ ܘܥܡ ܒܪܩܩܐ ܕܥܕܢ ܘܥܡ ܐܘܩܝܢܘܣ ܗܢܕܘܝܐ ܠܡܕܢܚܐ ܘܥܡ ܩܝܢܝܐ ܠܬܝܡܢ ܡܥܪܒܐ. ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܒܨܘܡܐܠ ܢܡܠܠܘܢ ܨܘܡܐܠܐܝܬ ܘܥܪܒܐܝܬ܀
ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܣܬ

**ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܣܬ** (ܣܘܝܕܐܝܬ Suryoyo Sat) ܗܝ ܦܪܣ ܚܙܘܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܕܦܪܣܐ ܡܢ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܣܘܕܪܛܠܝܐ ܒܣܘܝܕ. ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܣܬ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ̇ ܚܙܘܝ̈ܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܒܥܠܡܐ. ܘܦܪܣܐ ܒܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ ܠܫܢܐ. ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܣܬ ܦܪܣܐ ܒܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ ܬܡܢܝܢ ܘܬܠܬܐ ܐܬܪ̈ܘܢ. ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܣܬ ܦܪܣܐ ܣܓܝ ܬܚܪ̈ܙܝܬܐ ܐܦ ܛܒ̈ܐ ܡܢ ܟܠܗ ܥܠܡܐ. ܬܚܪ̈ܙܝܬܗ̇ ܥܠܝܒܐܝܬ ܠܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܘܐܬܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ ܣܘܪܝܐ ܘܥܝܪܐܩ ܘܠܒܢܢ ܘܦܠܣܛܝܢ ܘܛܘܪܩܝܐ܀
ܦܘܐܕ ܐܣܦܝܪ

**ܦܘܐܕ ܐܣܦܝܪ** (ܣܘܝܕܐܝܬ Fuad Ispir) ܗܘܐ ܙܡܪܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ. ܐܬܝܠܕ ܒܒܝܬ ܙܠܝܢ ܒܣܘܪܝܐ ܒܫܢܬ 1942 ܘܡܬ ܒܫܢܬ 2012 ܒܣܛܘܩܗܘܠܡ ܒܣܘܝܕ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܙܡܪܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ
ܚܪܫܘܬܐ

[ܙܥܘܪܬܐ|ܛܟܣ ܚܪܫܘܬܐ ܕ[ܫܘܥܢܕܐ܇ ܫܥܢܝܕܬ ܥܝܢ ܕܪ ܡܐܣܩܐ ܠܙܟܘܪܗ ܕܫܡܘܐܝܠ ܢܒܝܐ.]]

**ܚܪܫܘܬܐ** ܗܝ ܚܝܠܐ ܘܡܨܝܢܘܬܐ ܠܡܥܒܕܘܬܐ ܒܟܝܢܘܬܐ ܐܘ ܫܟܝܚܘܬܐ ܒܝܕ ܚܝܠܘ̈ܬܐ ܬܡܗ̈ܝܐ ܐܘ ܪ̈ܙܢܝܐ. ܚܪܫܘܬܐ ܐܚܕܐ ܥܒܝܕ̈ܬܐ ܘܦܘ̈ܠܚܢܐ ܡܬܓܘ̈ܢܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܐ ܐܝܟ ܩܨܡܐ ܘܠܘܚܫܐ ܘܫܘܥܢܕܐ ܘܡܠܘܫܬܐ ܘܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ.

ܒܡܕܥܘܬܐ܇ ܠܐ ܡܬܡܨܝܐ ܠܡܬܚܡ ܡܢܐ ܗܝ ܚܪܫܘܬܐ܀

## ܬܫܥܝܬܐ
ܒܠܫ̈ܢܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܡܚܫܚܝܢ «ܡܐܓܝܐ» ܠܚܪܘܫܬܐ܇ ܘܗܕܐ ܡܢ ܡܠܬܐ «ܡܓܘܫܐ» ܐܝ ܟܗܢܐ ܙܪܕܘܫܬܝܐ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܦܪܣܝܐ܇ «ܡܓܘܫܐ» ܗܝ ܡܢ ܡܠܬܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ «ܡܐܓܘ» ܐܝ ܡܬܡܨܐ ܐܘ ܕܝ ܚܝܠܐ. ܒܣܦܪܐ ܕܐܪܡܝܐ ܕܟܝܪ̈ܝܢ ܐܢܘܢ ܡܓܘ̈ܫܐ ܕܗܘܐ ܠܗܘܢ ܚܝܠܐ ܘܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܪܒܐ܇ ܘܐܦ ܕܟܪ ܠܗܘܢ ܬܫܥܝܬܢܐ ܝܘܢܝܐ ܗܝܪܘܕܘܛܘܣ ܕܡܓܘ̈ܫܐ ܗܘܘ ܡܠܘ̈ܟܝ ܡܠܟܐ ܕܐܡܛܦܪܛܪܘܬܐ ܐܟܡܝܢܝܬܐ܇ ܟܕ ܐܡܪ ܕܐܦ ܗܘܘ ܡܪ̈ܐ ܘܪ̈ܝܫܐ ܕܛܟ̈ܣܐ ܬܘܕ̈ܝܬܢܝܐ ܘܩܘܪܒ ܩܘܪ̈ܒܢܐ ܘܦܫܪܐ.**ܕܝܢ ܬܟܒܬ ܟܘܟܝܬܐ ܠܬܠܬܐ ܝܘ̈ܡܝܢ܇ ܬܘܒ ܒܫܘܡܫ ܕ̈ܒܚܐ ܘܠܘ̈ܚܫܝ ܚܪ̈ܫܐ ܥܠ ܪܝܚܐ ܘܩܘܪܒ ܩܘܪ̈ܒܢܐ ܠܬܝܛܣ ܘܢܪܝܕܣ܇ ܡܨܘ ܡܓܘ̈ܫܐ ܠܡܛܠܩ ܠܗ̇ ܒܝܘܡܐ ܕܐܪܒܥܐ**

- ܗܝܪܘܕܘܛܘܣ ܣܦܪܐ ܙ. 

ܡܓܘ̈ܫܐ ܪܚܩܘ ܒܐܪܥܐ ܒܬܪ ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ ܘܣܘܪܝܐ. ܡܢܥܘ ܠܗܢܕܘ ܘܡܨܪܝܢ ܘܟܘܫ ܘܐܢܛܘܠܝܐ. 

## ܡܒܘ̈ܥܐ
ܥܒܕܐܠܠܗ ܕܥܪܒ ܣܥܘܕܝܬܐ

ܡܠܟܐ **ܥܒܕܐܠܠܗ ܒܢ ܥܒܕ ܐܠܥܙܝܙ ܐܠ ܣܥܘܕ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ عبدالله بن عبد العزيز آل سعود܆ ܐܬܝܠܕ ܒ1 ܒܐܒ ܒ1924 ܘܡܬ ܒ23 ܒܟܢܘܢ ܬܪܝܢܐ ܒ2015) ܗܘܐ ܡܠܟܐ ܕܣܥܘܕܝܐ ܡܢ 1 ܒܐܒ ܒܫܢܬ 2005 ܥܕܡܐ ܠܡܘܬܗ ܒ2015. ܗܫܐ ܡܠܟܐ ܕܣܥܘܕܝܐ ܗܘ ܒܪܗ ܣܠܡܐܢ ܒܢ ܥܒܕ ܐܠܥܙܝܙ܀
ܒܘܓܘܛܐ

thumb|ܨܘܪ̈ܬܐ ܡܫܚ̈ܠܦܬܐ ܡܢ ܒܘܓܘܛܐ

**ܒܘܓܘܛܐ** (ܐܣܦܢܐܝܬ Bogotá) ܗܝ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܘܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܕܩܘܠܘܡܒܝܐ. ܝܘܡܢܐ ܐܝܬ ܩܘܪܒܐ ܕ000 150 7 ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܢ ܒܒܘܓܘܛܐ܀
ܡܠܐܟܝ

ܡܠܐܟܝ ܢܒܝܐ|ܙܥܘܪܬܐ

**ܡܠܐܟܝ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ מַלְאָכִי) ܗܘܐ ܢܒܝܐ ܙܥܘܪܐ ܘܟܬܘܒܐ ܕܣܦܪܐ ܕܡܠܐܟܝ ܣܦܪܐ ܐܚܪܝܐ ܕܣܦܪ̈ܐ ܕܢܒܝ̈ܐ ܕܕܝܬܝܩܝ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ܀
ܟܪܝܣܛܝܐܢܘ ܪܘܢܐܠܕܘ

[ܙܥܘܪܬܐ|ܪܘܢܐܠܕܘ ܒ[ܟܣܐ ܕܥܠܡܐ ܕ2022]]

**ܟܪܣܛܝܐܢܘ ܪܘܢܐܠܕܘ** (ܦܘܪܛܘܓܠܐܝܬ Cristiano Ronaldo) ܗܘ ܡܫܥܝܢܐ ܦܘܪܛܘܓܠܝܐ ܕܐܣܦܝܪܐ ܕܪܓܠܐ܀
ܒܛܡܐܢ

thumb|350px|ܚܙܘܐ ܡܢ ܩܢܛܪܘܢ ܕܒܛܡܐܢ.

**ܒܛܡܐܢ** (ܛܘܪܩܐܝܬ Batman܆ ܩܪܕܘܐܝܬ Êlih‎) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܬܝܡܢ ܡܕܢܚ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܘܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܒܛܡܐܢ. ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܢܦܠܐ ܠܩܘܪܒܐ ܕܐܝܟܐ ܕܢܗܪܐ ܕܒܛܡܐܢ ܡܛܐ ܠܢܗܪܐ ܕܕܩܠܬ. ܡܢ ܫܢܬܐ ܕ2012 ܐܝܬ 348,963 ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܢ ܒܒܛܢܐܢ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܛܘܪܩܝܐ
ܫܘܥܢܕܐ

[ܙܥܘܪܬܐ|ܪܫܡܐ ܡܒܕܩ ܠܫܥܢܝܕܬ ܥܝܢ ܕܪ ܟܕ ܕܚܠܐ ܗܝ ܒܬܪ ܕܥܠܬ ܠܗܘܢ ܪܘܚܗ ܕ[ܫܡܘܐܝܠ (ܢܒܝܐ)|ܫܡܘܐܝܠ ܢܒܝܐ ܒܛܟܣ ܫܘܥܢܕܐ ܐܝܟ ܒܥܐ ܫܐܘܠ ܡܠܟܐ]]

**ܫܘܥܢܕܐ** ܗܘ ܓܘܢ ܡܢ ܚܪܫܘܬܐ ܕܡܚܫܚ ܡܝ̈ܬܐ ܘܥܢܝܕ̈ܐ.
ܒܫܘܥܢܕܐ ܡܐܣܩ ܫܥܢܝܕܐ܆ ܗܘ ܡܫܥܢܕ݂ܢܐ܆ ܠܙܟܘܪ̈ܐ ܐܘ ܡܢܚܡ ܠܥܢܝܕ̈ܐ ܠܡܫܐܠܗܘܢ ܥܢ ܚܟܡܬܐ ܘܛ̈ܒܐ ܥܠܡܢ̈ܝܐ ܘܚܝܠܐ ܪܘܚܢܝܐ ܐܘ ܪ̈ܙܐ ܕܥܢܝܕܐ ܒܠܚܘܕܗ ܝܕܥܗܘܢ ܐܘ ܠܡܫܠܛ ܒܦܓܪܗ ܐܘ ܪܘܚܗ ܕܥܢܝܕܐ.
ܫܘܥܢܕܐ ܐܦ ܡܫܬܡܝ ܚܪܫܘܬ ܡܝ̈ܬܐ ܐܘ ܫܘܥܒܕ ܥܢܝܕ̈ܐ܆ ܘܡܬܚܫܒ ܥܡ ܚܪܫܘܬܐ ܚܫܟܬܐ ܘܒܝܫܬܐ܀

## ܫܘܡܝܐ
ܚܫܚܬܐ **ܫܘܥܢܕܐ** ܗܝ ܡܢ ܫܘܪܫܐ "ܥܢܕ" ܐܝ ܡܬ ܥܠ ܟܝܠܐ ܫܘܦܥܠܐ ܐܝܟ ܫܘܥܒܕܐ. ܥ̇ܒܕ ܫܘܥܢܕܐ ܡܫܥܢܕܢܐ ܡܫܬܡܝ ܘܢܩܒܬܐ ܡܫܥܢܕܢܝܬܐ܆ ܘܐܦ ܫܥܢܝܕܐ ܘܫܥܢܝܕܬܐ.
ܒܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܐܘܪ̈ܘܦܝܐ ܡܚܫܚܝܢ ܠܚܫܚܬܐ "ܢܩܪܘܡܢܛܝܐ" ܕܡܢ ܠܫܢܐ ܝܘܢܝܐ ܡܢ ܬܪ̈ܬܝܢ ܡܠ̈ܐ: ܢܩܪܘ ܐܝ ܡܝܬܐ ܘܡܢܛܝܐ ܐܝ ܩܨܡܐ܀

## ܫܘܥܢܕܐ ܒܬܫܥܝܬܐ
ܒܪܝܫܝܬ ܫܘܥܢܕ݂ܐ ܡܬܬܥܩܒܐ ܠܛܟ̈ܣܐ ܫܡܢ̈ܢܝܐ܆ ܡܢ ܡܣܩܘܬ ܙܟܘܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ ܘܪ̈ܘܚܝܗܘܢ ܕܐܒܗ̈ܬܐ ܠܡܫܐܠܗܘܢ ܘܣܘܕܐ ܥܡܗܘܢ.

ܐܬܛܒܒ ܫܘܥܢܕܐ ܒܡܕ̈ܝܢܘܬܐ ܥܬܝܩ̈ܬܐ ܐܝܟ ܡܨܪܝܢ ܘܒܒܠ ܘܝܘܢ ܘܪܗܘܡܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܕܟܪ ܦܝܠܘܣܘܦܐ ܝܘܢܝܐ ܐܣܛܪܒܘܢ ܒܟܬܒܗ "ܓܘܓܪܘܦܝܩܐ" «ܢܩܪܘܡܢܛܝܐ» ܐܝ ܫܘܥܢܕܐ܆ ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܛܒܝܒܐ ܒܛܟ̈ܣܐ ܕܩܨܡܐ ܒܝܢ ܥܡ̈ܡܐ ܘܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܕܐܡܦܪܛܪܘܬܐ ܦܪܬܝܬܐ. ܩܕܝܡܐ ܒܕܟܪ̈ܝ ܫܘܥܢܕܐ ܒܣܦܪܘܬܐ ܡܫܬܟܚ ܒܐܘܕܝܣܝܐ ܕܗܘܡܪܘܣ܆ ܕܝܢ ܚܕܪ ܐܘܕܝܣܝܘܣ ܠܥܠܡܐ ܬܚܬܝܐ ܕܡܝ̈ܬܐ ܐܝܟ ܫܒܠܬ ܠܗ ܩܝܪܩܝ ܚܪܫܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ܆ ܠܡܫܐܠ ܥܢ ܡܪܕܝܬܗ ܠܒܝܬܗ. ܨܒܐ ܐܘܕܝܣܝܘܣ  ܕܢܫܐܠ ܠܛܝܪܣܐܣ܆ ܢܒܝܐ ܡܢ ܢܒܝ̈ܐ ܕܐܦܘܠܘ܆ ܒܪܡ ܠܐ ܡܨܐ ܠܡܣܩ ܠܙܟܘܪܗ ܒܠܐ ܥܘܕܪܢ. ܒܦܠܓܐ ܗܢܐ ܡܢ ܐܘܕܝܣܝܐ ܕܟܝܪ ܪܒ ܡܢ ܦܫ̈ܝܩܬ ܛܟܣ ܫܘܥܢܕܐ: ܕܢܗܘܐ ܨܝܕ ܒܐܪ ܢܘܪܐ ܒܫܥ̈ܬ ܠܝܠܐ܆ ܥܡ ܡܪܫܡ ܕܐܝܬ ܒܗ ܕܡܐ ܕܕ̈ܒܚܝܢ ܘܩܘܪ̈ܒܢܝܢ܆ ܘܠܡܬܠ ܫܬܝ ܠܙܟܘܪܐ ܟܕ ܡܫܒܚ ܡܫܥܢܕܢܐ ܠܟܠܗܘܢ ܙܟܘܪ̈ܝ ܥܠܡܐ ܬܚܬܝܐ ܘܐܠܗܘܗܝ.

ܡܕ̈ܝܢܘܬܐ ܣܓ̈ܝܐܬܐ ܡܗܝܡܢ̈ܢ ܕܝܕܥܬܗܘܢ ܕܥܢܝ̈ܕܐ ܐܚܕܬ ܟܘܠܐ܆ ܒܪܡ ܝܘ̈ܢܝܐ ܘܪ̈ܗܘܡܝܐ ܗܝܡܢܘ ܕܗܢܘܢ ܐܚܕ̈ܝܢ ܝܕܥܬܐ ܒܠܚܘܕ ܒܡܕ̈ܡܐ ܕܝܕܥܘ ܒܚܝ̈ܝܗܘܢ.

ܕܝܬܝܩܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ ܕܟܪ ܕܟܢܥܢ̈ܝܐ ܦܠܫܬܝܢ̈ܝܐ ܫܥܢܕܘ ܕܙܗܪ ܠܒܢ̈ܝ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܡܢ ܡܐܠܦ ܡܥܒܕ̈ܝܗܘܢ:**<sup>9</sup> ܘܡܐ ܕܥܠܬ ܠܐܪܥܐ ܕܝܗܒ ܠܟ ܡܪܝܐ ܐܠܗܟ. ܠܐ ܬܐܠܦ ܠܡܥܒܕ ܐܝܟ ܥܒܕ̈ܝܗܘܢ ܕܥܡ̈ܡܐ ܗܢܘܢ. <sup>10</sup> ܠܐ ܢܫܬܟܚ ܒܟ ܕܡܥܒܪ ܒܪܗ ܐܘ ܒܪܬܗ ܒܢܘܪܐ. ܐܘ ܕܩܨܡ ܩܨܡܐ. ܘܕܡܐܚܕ ܥܝ̈ܢܐ. ܘܕܡܢܚܫ. ܘܕܚܪܫ. <sup>11</sup> ܘܕܐܫܦ ܒܐܫܦܐ. ܘܕܫܐܠ ܡܢ ܙܟܘܖ̈ܐ. ܘܡܢ ܝܕܘ̈ܥܐ. ܘܫܐܠ ܠܡܝ̈ܬܐ. <sup>12</sup> ܡܛܠ ܕܛܡܐ ܗܘ ܩܕܡ ܡܪܝܐ ܐܠܗܟ ܟܠܡܢ ܕܥܒܕ ܗܠܝܢ. ܘܡܛܠ ܛܢ̈ܦܘܬܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܡܘܒܕ ܠܗܘܢ ܡܪܝܐ ܐܠܗܟ ܡܢ ܩܕܡܝܟ.** (ܣܦܪܐ ܕܬܢܝܢ ܢܡܘܣܐ ܝܚ:9-12)ܐܦܢ ܕܫܘܥܢܕܐ ܡܬܟܠܐ ܗܘ ܒܝܗܘܕܝܘܬܐ܆ ܫܐܘܠ ܡܠܟܐ ܐܙܠ ܠܘܬ ܫܥܢܝܕܬܐ (ܐܝ ܡܫܥܢܕܢܝܬܐ) ܘܒܥܐ ܡܢܗ̇ ܠܫܘܥܢܕ ܪܘܚܗ ܕܫܡܘܐܝܠ ܢܒܝܐ. ܕܚܠܬ ܫܥܢܝܕܬܐ ܟܕ ܪܘܚܗ ܫܪܝܪܬܐ ܕܫܡܘܐܝܠ ܐܣܩܬ ܩܕ̈ܡܝܗܘܢ܆ ܘܐܡܪ ܫܡܘܐܝܠ ܠܫܐܘܠ: "ܠܡܢܐ ܐܙܝܥܬܢܝ ܠܡܣܩܘܬܢܝ ". ܠܐ ܐܬܪܓܡ ܫܐܘܠ ܥܠ ܗܢܐ (ܗܝܢ ܕܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܕܐܬܪܐ ܒܐܝܕ̈ܘܗܝ)܆ ܒܪܡ ܡܬ ܘܐܦ ܒܪܗ ܒܩܪܒܐ ܒܝܘܡܐ ܕܥܩܒ܆ ܐܝܟ ܕܐܬܢܒܝ ܢܦܫܗ ܕܢܓܪܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ.

ܟܬܘܒ̈ܐ ܡܫܝܚ̈ܝܐ ܕܥܩܒܘ ܣܬܪܘ ܠܗܘܢ ܬܪܥܝܬܐ ܕܡܬܡܨܝܘܬ ܫܘܥܢܕܐ܆ ܘܦܫܩܘ ܡܣܩܘܬܐ ܕܕܘܪ̈ܡܝ ܫܐܕ̈ܐ. ܒܪܡ ܡܫܝܚ̈ܝܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܡܗܝܡܢܝܢ ܕܫܘܥܢܕܐ ܫܪܝܪ ܗܘ ܒܪܡ ܟܠܐ ܠܗ ܐܠܗܐ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ܀

## ܛܟܣ̈ܝ ܫܘܥܢܕܐ
ܛܟ̈ܣܝ ܫܘܥܢܕܐ ܡܬܓܘ̈ܢܝܢ ܒܝܢ ܦܫܝܛܐ ܘܪܟܝܒܐ. ܟܒܪ ܢܚܫܚ ܫܘܥܢܕܐ ܠܬܩܪ̈ܝܬܐ ܐܘ ܬܚܘ̈ܓܬܐ ܘܛܠܣܡܢ̈ܐ ܘܠܘ̈ܚܫܐ܆ ܘܐܦ ܕܢܚܘܓ ܢܦܫܗ ܫܥܢܝܕܐ ܒܢܝ̈ܫܝ ܡܘܬܐ ܘܐܬܘ̈ܬܗ ܐܝܟ ܠܡܠܒܫ ܠܒܘ̈ܫܝ ܡܝ̈ܬܐ ܐܘ ܥܘܦܝܬܐ܆ ܘܠܡܐܟܠ ܐܟܠܐ ܕܡܢܝܫ ܡܘܬܐ ܐܝܟ ܐܟܠܐ ܫܛܘܪܐ ܘܐܦ ܠܒܗ ܕܥܢܝܕܐ ܐܘ ܟܒܕܗ ܐܘ ܒܣܪܐ ܡܝܬܐ. ܟܒܪ ܐܦ ܢܡܬܘܚ ܛܟܣܐ ܠܫܥ̈ܝܢ ܐܘ ܝܘܡ̈ܝܢ ܐܘ ܫܒܘܥܝܢ܆ ܘܢܫܬܠܡ ܒܡܣܩܘܬ ܙܟܘܪܐ. ܣܒܣ ܢܥܒܕ ܫܥܢܝܕܐ ܠܫܘܥܢܕܗ ܒܝܢܬ ܩܒܪ̈ܐ ܘܕ̈ܘܟܝ ܛܡܘܪܝܐ ܘܕܘ̈ܟܐ ܚܫܝ̈ܟܐ ܘܩܨܝ̈ܦܐ ܐܝܟܢܐ ܕܝܝܐ ܠܫܘܥܢܕܐ܀