open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ

ܦܐܬܐ=ܪܫܝܬܐ ܕܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ|ܙܥܘܪܬܐ
**ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ: Wikipedia) ܗܘ ܐܝܢܣܩܠܘܦܕܝܐ ܚܐܪܬܐ ܕܐܢܛܪܢܛ ܒܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܣܓܝܐ̈ܐ܂ ܫܡܗ ܐܬܐ ܡܢ ܡ̈ܠܐ ܕ"ܘܝܩܝ" (ܡܢ ܠܫܢܐ ܗܐܘܐܝܝܐ) ܘ"ܐܝܢܣܩܠܘܦܕܝܐ" (ܡܢ ܠܫܢܐ ܝܘܢܝܐ)܀

## ܬܫܥܝܬܐ
ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ ܗܘ ܬܪܡܝܬܐ ܕܡܛܟܣܬܐ ܕܘܝܩܝܡܝܕܝܐ ܘܫܬܐܣ ܒ15 ܟܢܘܢ ܒ 2001 ܒܠܫܢܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ ܘܡܩܝܡܢܐ ܕܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ ܗܘ ܓܝܡܝ ܘܝܠܙ (Jimmy Wales). ܢܝܫܐ ܕܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ ܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܕܫܬܐܣ ܘܝܩܝܦܕ̈ܝܬܐ ܒܟܠ ܠܫܢܐ ܒܒܪܝܬܐ. ܒܟܠ ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ ܟܠ ܢܫܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܡܟܢܘܬܐ ܕܫܚܠܦ ܡܓ̈ܠܐ. 

ܒܬܪ ܫܢܬܐ 2001 ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝ̈ܬܐ ܚܕ̈ܬܐ ܫܬܐܣܬ ܒܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ. ܒ2005 ܒܪܐ ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܘܡܬܚܙܗ ܗܘܐ ܒܐܢܛܪܢܛ ܥܠ *arc.wikipedia.org*. 

ܗܫܐ ܐܝܬ 1235 (ܢܝܣܢ 2011) ܡܓܠܝ̈ܢ ܒܓܘ ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ. ܗܫܐ ܐܦ ܐܝܬ (15 ܟܢܘܢ ܒ 2010) ܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ 14 ܡܠܝܘܢ ܡܓܠܝ̈ܢ ܒ271 ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܡܫܚܠܦ̈ܐ ܒܟܠܐ ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ.

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ

* ܡܛܟܣܬܐ ܕܘܝܩܝܡܝܕܝܐ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܘܝܩܝܦܕܝܐ
ܢܨܪܬ

thumb|ܢܨܪܬ

**ܢܨܪܬ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ: נצרת܄ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ: الناصرة) ܗܝ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܘܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܕܟܘܪܐ ܓܪܒܝܝܐ ܕܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ܂ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܐܝܬ ܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ 65,000 ܐܢܫ̈ܝܢ ܒܢܨܪܬ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ
ܫܡܝܪܡ

thumb|ܨܘܪܬܐ ܡܨܠܡܢܝܬܐ ܕܡܠܟܬܐ ܫܡܝܪܡ ܗܦܟܐ ܠܕܪܐ ܕܬܡܢܥܣܪ

**ܫܡܝܪܡ** ܐܝܬ ܚܕܐ ܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܡܕܟܘܪܐ ܗܝ ܕܡܘܠܕܐ ܕܡܠܟܬܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ ܫܡܝܪܡ ܗܘܝܬܐ ܗܝ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܥܣܩܠܐܢ ܘܐܬܫܒܩܬ ܗܘܬ ܒܒܪܝܐ ܡܢ ܒܬܪ ܗܘܝܬܗܿ. ܘܒܒܪܝܐ ܡܐܟܠܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܠܗܿ ܦܪ̈ܚܬܐ ܘܝܘܢ̈ܐ ܕܒܪܝܐ ܘܡܢ ܒܬܪ ܚܕܐ ܫܢܐ ܚܙܐ ܪܥܝܐ ܫܡܗ ܫܡܝܪܡ .ܫܩܠܬ ܘܡܬܒܠܗ ܥܠܝܗܿ ܠܫܡܐ ܕܫܡܝܪܡ ܒܫܡܐ ܕܢܦܫܗ̇ (ܗܢܘ ܗܘܡܣܐ). ܗܘܬ ܫܡܝܪܡ ܪܘܪܒܐܝܬ ܫܦܝܪܐ ܘܡܕܪܡܐ ܘܟܡܐ ܕܓܘܪܘܣܠܗܿ ܣܓܐ ܫܘܦܪܗܿ. ܒܚܕ ܡܢ ܝܘܡ̈ܬܐ ܚܙܐ ܠܗ̇ ܚܕ ܪܒܚܝܠܐ ܢܝܢܘܝܐ ܫܡܗ ܡܢܘܢܝܣ ܡܘܚܒܐܠܗ ܘܥܒܕܗ̇ ܒܪܬ ܙܘܓܗ.

ܡܠܟܐ ܕܐܫܘܪ ܢܝܢܘܣ ܡܫܘܠܛܢܗ ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܟܠܗܝܢ ܐܡܘ̈ܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܐܠܐ ܗܢܝܢ ܕܗܢܕܘ. ܐܦ ܒܢܐ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ ܥܠ ܣܦܬܐ ܕܢܗܪܐ ܕܕܩܠܬ ܘܡܢ ܒܬܪ ܕܫܠܡ ܗܘܐ ܡܢ ܒܢܝܬܗܿ ܦܣܩ ܗܘܐܠܗ ܕܡܫܠܛܢ ܗܘܐ ܥܠ ܟܠܗܿ ܗܢܕܘ. ܡܨܐ ܢܝܢܘܣ ܕܡܫܠܛܢ ܥܠ ܟܠܗܿ ܗܢܕܘ ܐܠܐ ܡܢ ܩܢܛܪܘܢ ܕܝܠܗܿ ܕܗܘܬ ܒܟܬܪܝܐ. ܥܡ ܢܝܢܘܣ ܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܡܢܝܢܘܣ ܡܠܘܟܼܐ ܘܪܒܚܝܠܐ ܘܗܿܘ ܛܠܝܒܐ ܗܘܐ ܕܒܪܬ ܙܘܓܗ ܗܘܝܐ ܥܡܗ ܒܩܪܒܐ ܘܐܗܐ ܗܘܐܠܗܿ ܦܘܪܣܐ ܛܒܬܐ ܕܡܚܙܝܗܿܠܗ ܫܡܝܪܡ ܠܚܝܠܗܿ.

ܠܒܫܬ ܠܒܘܫܬܐ ܕܕܟܪ̈ܐ ܘܒܗܿܝ ܥܕܢܐ ܕܡܛܬ ܠܦܢܝܬܐ ܕܒܟܬܪܝܐ ܘܠܡܕܝܢܬܗܿ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܚܙܬ ܢܘܝܠܘܬܐ ܘܡܚܝܠܘܬܐ ܒܫܘܪܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ. ܡܓܘܒܐܠܐ ܚܕ ܛܠܝܐ ܡܢ ܦܠܚ̈ܐ ܩܪ̈ܒܬܢܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܗܘܘ ܠܗܘܢ ܡܨܝܬܐ ܕܐܣܠܩܬܐ ܠܫܘܪܐ ܪܡܐ. ܗܕܟܐ ܦܠܫܠܗܿ ܥܡ ܒܟܬܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܘܙܟܬ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ ܘܡܫܘܠܛܢܗܿ ܥܠ ܡܕܝܢܬܗܘܢ. ܐܝܡܢ ܕܒܟܬܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܪܓܫܘ ܕܗܢܘܢ ܙܟܘ ܘܚܣܪܘ ܠܩܪܒܐ ܠܫܡܝܪܡ ܘܠܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܡܒܘܪܒܙܠܘܢ. ܕܡܪ ܢܝܢܘܣ ܒܠܒܝܒܘܬܐ ܕܫܡܝܪܡ ܘܒܫܘܦܪܗܿ. ܦܣܩܠܗ ܕܓܒܪܗܿ ܘܥܒܕ ܠܗܿ ܐܢܬܬܐ ܠܢܦܫܗ ܘܝܗܒ ܠܒܪܬܗ ܠܡܢܘܢܝܣ.

ܒܪܡ ܢܝܢܘܣ ܪܘܪܒܐܝܬ ܡܚܒ ܗܘܐ ܠܫܡܝܪܡ ܘܠܐ ܡܨܐ ܡܚܝܐ ܕܠܐ ܕܝܠܗܿ ܩܛܠ ܠܢܦܫܗ. ܘܙܘܓ ܢܝܢܘܣ ܠܫܡܝܪܡ ܘܡܢ ܒܬܪ ܫܢܝ̈ܐ ܐܪ̈ܝܟܬܐ ܕܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܡܬ ܢܝܢܘܣ ܘܟܕ ܗܘܐ ܒܪܗ ܢܝܢܐܣ ܙܥܘܪ ܫܩܠܬ ܫܡܝܪܡ ܠܫܘܠܛܢܐ. ܘܐܝܬ ܕܐܡܪܝܢ ܕܗܝ ܩܛܠܬ ܠܢܝܢܘܣ ܐܝܟ ܬܐܪܬܐ ܠܓܒܪܗܿ ܘܫܩܠܬ ܠܡܠܟܘܬܐ. ܒܥܬ ܫܡܝܪܡ ܕܫܡܗܿ ܪܐܡ ܥܠ ܫܡܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܣ ܫܘܬܐܣܬ ܬܪ̈ܡܝܬܐ ܛܒ̈ܬܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܬܐ.

ܘܒܢܐܠܗܿ ܡܕܝܢ̄ܬܐ ܕܒܒܠ ܘܓܫܪܐ ܕܦܪܐܬ ܘܓܢ̈ܬܐ ܘܐܘܪ̈ܚܬܐ ܘܫܘܓܠܢ̈ܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ. ܒܥܐܠܗܿ ܫܡܝܪܡ ܕܡܒܪܟܐ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܐܬܪ̈ܐ ܕܗܢܕܘܝ̈ܐ ܩܬܗܿ ܘܡܘܪܝܙܠܗܿ ܠܚܝܠ̈ܗܿ ܠܡܕܡ ܗܢܐ. ܘܥܒܪܗܿ ܒܩܪܒܐ ܥܡ ܗܢܕ̈ܘܝܐ ܘܥܒܕܠܗܿ ܚܕ ܦܢܕܐ ܘܢܟܠܐ ܥܠ ܡܠܟܐ ܕܒܟܬܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܒܗܢܕܘ. ܟܕ ܡܠܒܫܠܗܿ ܡܐܬܐ ܐܠܦ̈ܝܢ ܓܡ̈ܠܝܢ ܒܓܠܕܐ ܐܘܟܡܐ ܕܬܘܪ̈ܐ ܘܨܦܚܠܝܗܝ ܥܠ ܦܝ̈ܠܐ ܕܗܢܕܘ ܟܕ ܚܙܝܠܘܢ ܠܚܝ̈ܠܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܥܪܩܘ ܡܢ ܩܪܒܐ ܘܕܒܩ ܡܐܬܐ ܐܠܦ̈ܝܢ ܐܣܝܪ̈ܝܢ ܗܢܕ̈ܘܝܝܢ .ܘܐܦ ܥܪܩ ܡܠܟܗܘܢ.

ܐܝܢܐ ܐܝܡܢ ܕܝܕܥܠܗ ܡܠܟܐ ܕܒܟܬܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܠܦܢܕܗܿ ܘܠܚܸܘܠܗܿ ܟܘܦܫܠܗ ܠܦܝ̈ܠܐ ܓܘܪ̈ܐ ܘܨܦܚܠܐ ܥܠ ܚܝܠܘ̈ܬܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܘܐܢܝ ܥܪܩܠܘܢ ܡܢ ܬܡܐ. ܐܝܢܐ ܒܐܚܪܝܬܐ ܥܒܕܘ ܐܘܝܘܬܐ ܥܡ ܚܕܕ̈ܐ. ܕܥܪܗܿ ܫܡܝܪܡ ܠܐܫܘܪ ܒܚܕ ܬܘܠܬܐ ܕܚܝܠܘ̈ܬܗܿ. ܟܕ ܡܛܬ ܠܢܝܢܘܐ ܚܙܬ ܕܫܩܠ ܒܪܗܿ ܠܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܡܢܗܿ ܘܗܘܐ ܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܒܐܝܕܗ ܕܒܪܗܿ ܢܝܢܐܣ. ܒܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܐܚܪܬܐ ܦܝܫܬܐ ܝܠܗܿ ܐܡܝܪܬܐ ܕܗܿܝ ܩܛܠܬ ܠܢܦܫܗܿ ܘܐܦ ܐܝܬ ܚܕ ܗܘܡܣܐ ܕܒܐܡܪܐ ܝܠܗ ܕܗܿܝ ܦܝܫܠܗܿ ܡܫܘܚܠܦܬܐ ܠܚܕܐ ܝܘܢܐ ܘܦܪܚܬ ܥܡ ܝܘܢ̈ܐ ܡܢ ܒܬܪ ܕܡܘܓܪܫܠܗ ܫܘܠܛܗܿ ܐܪܒܥܝܢ ܘܬܪ̈ܬܝܢ ܫܢܝ̈ܢ܀
ܓܙܪܬܐ

thumb|200px|ܓܙܪܬܐ

**ܓܙܪܬܐ** ܗܝ ܩܛܥܐ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܕܟܠܗܘܢ ܣܛܪ̈ܝܗ̇ ܒܦܓܪܐ ܕܡܝ̈ܐ ܐܝܟ ܢܗܪܐ ܐܘ ܝܡܬܐ ܐܘ ܝܡܐ ܐܘ ܐܘܩܝܢܘܣ܀
ܩܢܕܐ

**ܩܢܕܐ** ܐܘ **ܟܢܕܐ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ ܘܦܪܢܣܐܝܬ Canada) ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܒܐܡܪܝܩܐ ܓܪܒܝܝܬܐ. ܩܢܕܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ̇ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܒܠܚܘܕ ܥܡ ܐܘܚܕ̈ܢܐ ܡܚܝܕ̈ܐ. ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܒܩܢܕܐ ܢܡܠܠܘܢ ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ ܘܦܪܢܣܐܝܬ܀
ܐܡܝܪܘܬܐ ܥܪܒܝܬܐ ܡܚܝܕܬܐ

**ܐܡܝܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܥܪ̈ܒܝܬܐ ܡܚܝܕ̈ܬܐ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ: الإمارات العربيّة المتّحدة) ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ ܒܐܣܝܐ܂ ܐܝܬ ܫܒܥ ܐܡܝܪ̈ܘܢ ܒܗ: ܐܒܘ ܛܒܝ ܘܥܓܡܐܢ ܘܕܘܒܝ ܘܐܠܦܓܝܪܐ ܘܪܐܣ ܐܠܟܝܡܐ ܘܐܠܫܐܪܩܐ ܘܐܘܡ ܐܠܩܝܘܝܢ܂ ܠܐܡܝܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܥܪ̈ܒܝܬܐ ܡܚܝܕ̈ܬܐ ܐܝܬ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܥܡ ܣܥܘܕܝܐ ܘܥܡ ܥܘܡܐܢ܂ ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܒܐܡܝܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܥܪ̈ܒܝܬܐ ܡܚܝܕ̈ܬܐ ܢܡܠܠܘܢ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ܂ ܐܝܬ ܢܦܛܐ ܣܓܝ ܒܗܢܐ ܐܬܪܐ܀
ܐܪܒܝܐ

thumb|280px|ܨܘܪܬܐ ܕܐܪܒܝܐ ܡܢ ܫܡܝܐ ܪܚܝܩܐ

**ܥܪܒ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ شبه الجزيرة العربية "ܓܙܪܬܐ ܝܒܫܢܝܬܐ ܥܪܒܝܬܐ" ܐܘ جزيرة العرب "ܓܙܪܬܐ ܕܥܪ̈ܒܝܐ") ܐܘ **ܐܪܒܝܐ** (ܡܢ ܠܫܢܐ ܝܘܢܝܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ Ἀραβία) ܗܝ ܓܙܪܬܐ ܝܒܫܢܝܬܐ ܒܬܝܡܢ-ܡܥܪܒ ܐܣܝܐ ܩܘܪܒܐ ܕܐܦܪܝܩܐ. ܕܘܟܬܐ ܣܓܝܐܬܐ ܕܐܪܒܝܐ ܗܝ ܡܕܒܪܐ. ܐܝܬ ܢܦܛܐ ܣܓܝܐܐ ܒܐܪܒܝܐ܀

ܝܘܡܢܐ ܐܝܬ ܫܒܥܐ ܐܬܪ̈ܘܢ ܒܐܪܒܝܐ: ܣܥܘܕܝܐ ܘܟܘܘܝܬ ܘܒܚܪܝܢ ܘܩܛܪ ܘܐܡܝܪܘܬܐ ܥܪܒܝܬܐ ܡܚܝܕܬܐ ܘܥܘܡܐܢ ܘܝܡܢ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܓܙܪܬܐ ܝܒܫܢܝܬܐ
ܐܝܪܠܢܕ

**ܐܝܪܠܢܕ** ܗܝ:

* ܐܝܪܠܢܕ (ܓܙܪܬܐ)
* ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܠܢܕ
* ܐܝܪܠܢܕ ܓܪܒܝܝܬܐ
ܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ

[thumb|300px|[ܐܬܐ|ܐܬܘ̈ܬܐ ܕܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܝܘܡܢܐ: ܐܬܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ (ܒܝܡܝܢܐ) ܘܐܬܐ ܕܐܪܡ (ܒܣܡܠܐ)]]

**ܥܡܐ ܕܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ** (ܐܦ ܡܬܩܪܝܢ **ܐܪ̈ܡܝܐ** ܐܘ **ܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ** ܐܘ **ܟܠܕ̈ܝܐ**) ܐܢܘܢ ܐܘܡܬܐ ܡܢ ܓܪܒܝܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ (ܡܢ ܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܬܫܥܝܬܢܝ̈ܐ ܕܐܪܡ ܘܕܐܬܘܪ). ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܒܣܓܝܐܘܬܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܡܫܝܚ̈ܝܐ ܘܒܗܢܐ ܝܘܡܐ ܠܝܬ ܠܗܘܢ ܐܬܪܐ ܚܐܪܐ ܐܠܐ ܚܝܝܢ ܒܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܡܫܚ̈ܠܦܐ. ܡܢ ܥܠܬܐ ܕܩܪ̈ܒܐ ܘܕܩܛܠܥܡ̈ܐ ܡܐܗܙܡܐ ܡܢ ܐܪܥܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ ܒܡܐ ܐܠܦܒ݂ܬ ܒܡܢܝܢܐ܀

## ܬܫܥܝܬܐ
ܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܡܟܬܒ-ܙܒܢܐ ܕ4500 ܫܢܝ̈ܢ ܒܐܪܥܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܐ ܘܕܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ. ܐܫܬܬܐܣ̈ܢ ܡܠܟܘ̈ܬܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܬܐ ܘܣܓܝ ܛܒ̈ܐ ܗܘܘ ܒܩܪܒܐ ܘܝܘܠܦܢܐ. ܒܬܪܟܢ ܐܬܦܠܓܘ ܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܒܬܪܝܢ ܓܒ̈ܝܢ: ܡܥܪ̈ܒܝܐ ܘܡܕ̈ܢܚܝܐ.

ܩܛܠܥܡܐ ܪܒܐ ܕܐܣܬܝܡ ܗܘܐ ܒܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܗܘ ܩܛܠܥܡܐ ܕ1914. ܡܢ 1914 ܠܥܕܡܐ ܕ1923 ܐܬܩܛܠܘ ܗܘܘ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܫܒܥܡܐܐ ܘܚܡܫܝܢ ܐܠܦܝ̈ܢ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܝܢ܀

## ܓܐܢܛܝܟ
ܒܘܚܢܐ ܚܪܝܐ ܡܚܘܐ ܠܗ ܕܕܥܡܐ ܟܠܕܝܐ(ܐܫܘܪܝܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܐ)܇ܐܬܘܪܝܐ(ܐܫܘܪܝܐ ܡܕܢܚܝܐ) ܥܡܐ ܫܪܫܝܐ ܕܐܬܪܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ ܘܥܡܐ ܣܓܝܐ ܗܘܡܘܓܝܢ ܝܐ. ܐܗ ܒܘܚܢܐ ܣܝܡܝܢ ܡܢ ܦܪܘܦܣܘܪ̈ܐ ܟܐܒܼܐܠܝ-ܣܦܘܪܙܐ ܘܦܘܠܘ ܡܢܘܙܝ ܘܐܠܒܪܬܐ ܦܝܐܙܐ܀
ܐܫܘܪ

**ܐܫܘܪ** ܗܘ\ܗܝ:

## ܕ̈ܘܟܝܬܐ
* ܫܡܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܠܐܬܘܪ
* ܐܫܘܪ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ)܆ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ
* ܐܫܘܪ (ܐܝܪܐܢ)܆ ܡܬܐ ܒܐܝܪܐܢ

## ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ
* ܐܫܘܪ (ܐܠܗܐ)
* ܐܫܘܪ ܒܪ ܫܝܡ܆ ܬܢܝܢܗ ܕܢܘܚ ܘܦܪܨܘܦܐ ܡܢ ܟܬܒ̈ܐ ܩܕ̈ܝܫܐ
* ܐܫܘܪ (ܫܡܐ)
ܡܪܝ ܡܝܠܝܣ ܙܝܥܐ

**ܡܪܝ ܡܝܠܝܣ ܙܝܥܐ** ܗܘ ܐܦܣܩܘܦܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܕܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ ܘܢܝܘ ܙܝܠܢܕ܀

ܡܝܠܝܣ ܙܝܥܐ
ܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ (ܐܬܪܐ)

**ܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ** ܐܘ **ܐܘܣܬܪܠܝܐ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ Australia) ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܡܢ ܕܐܝܬ ܒܗ̇ ܝܒܫܬܐ ܕܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ ܘܓܙܪܬܐ ܕܛܣܡܐܢܝܐ ܘܓܙܪ̈ܬܐ ܙܥܘܪ̈ܬܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܬܐ. ܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܟܒܝܪ ܡܢ ܟܠ ܒܝܒܫܬܐ ܕܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ ܘܟܒܝܪ ܕܐܫܬܐ ܒܫܛܚܐ ܟܠܢܝܐ. ܐܝܬ ܬܪܝܢ ܐܠܦܝ̈ܢ ܘܚܡܫܡܐܐ ܪ̈ܒܘܢ ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܢ ܒܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܘܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܢܡܠܠܘܢ ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ܀
ܡܪܝ ܥܡܢܘܐܝܠ ܝܘܣܦ

**ܡܪܝ ܥܡܢܘܐܝܠ ܝܘܣܦ** ܗܘ ܐܦܣܩܘܦܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܕܩܢܕܐ܀

### ܫܘܪܝܐ ܕܚܝ̈ܘܗܝ
ܥܡܢܘܐܝܠ ܝܘܣܦ (ܡܪܝ ܥܡܢܘܐܝܠ) ܐܬܝܠܕ ܒ24 ܒܬܫܪܝܢ ܬܪܝܢܐ 1958 ܠܡܪܢ܄ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܒܓܕܐܕ ܒܥܝܪܐܩ܂ ܒܫܢܬܐ ܕ1981 ܝܘܡܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܒܝܪܚܐ ܕܐܕܪ܄ ܥܡܢܘܐܝܠ ܝܘܣܦ (ܡܪܝ ܥܡܢܘܐܝܠ) ܦܝܫ ܣܝܡܐ ܡܫܡܫܢܐ ܒܥܘܡܪܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܓܝܘܪܓܝܣ ܕܫܝܩܓܘ ܒܝܬ ܩܕܝܫܘܬܗ ܡܪܝ ܕܢܚܐ ܪܒܝܥܝܐ ܦܛܪܝܪܟܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ܀

ܥܡܢܘܐܝܠ ܝܘܣܦ
ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܠܢܕ

**ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܠܢܕ** (ܐܝܪܐܝܬ: Éire܄ ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ: Ireland) ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܒܐܘܪܘܦܐ܂ ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܠܢܕ ܗܝ ܒܓܘ ܓܙܪܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܠܢܕ ܘܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܥܡ ܐܝܪܠܢܕ ܓܪܒܝܝܬܐ (ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܡܚܝܕܬܐ)܂ ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܒܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܠܢܕ ܢܡܠܠܘܢ ܐܝܪܐܝܬ ܘܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ܀
ܢܝܘ ܙܝܠܢܕ

**ܢܝܘ ܙܝܠܢܕ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ: New Zealand "ܙܝܠܢܕ ܚܕܬܐ"܄ ܡܐܘܪܐܝܬ: Aotearoa) ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܥܡ ܓܙܪ̈ܬܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܬܐ ܒܝܒܫܬܐ ܕܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ܂ ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܒܢܝܘ ܙܝܠܢܕ ܢܡܠܠܘܢ ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ ܘܡܐܘܪܐܝܬ܀
ܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ

**ܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ** ܐܘ **ܐܘܣܬܪܠܝܐ** ܗܝ:

* ܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ (ܐܬܪܐ)
* ܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ (ܝܒܫܬܐ)
ܠܝܒܪܦܘܠ

thumb|ܠܝܒܪܦܘܠ ܒܐܢܓܠܢܕ

**ܠܝܒܪܦܘܠ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ Liverpool) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܐܢܓܠܢܕ ܒܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܡܚܝܕܬܐ܂ ܐܝܬ 447,500 ܐܢܫ̈ܝܢ ܒܠܝܒܪܦܘܠ ܝܘܡܢܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܐܢܓܠܢܕ
ܡܪܝ ܢܪܣܝ ܕܒܙ

**ܡܪܝ ܢܪܣܝ ܕܒܙ** (ܐܬܝܠܕ 17 ܐܝܪ 1940 - ܡܝܬ 14 ܫܒܛ 2010) ܗܘܐ ܡܝܛܪܦܘܠܝܛܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ ܘܣܘܪܝܐ ܘܟܠܗ̇ ܐܘܪܘܦܐ ܒܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ܀

ܢܪܣܝ ܕܒܙ
ܐܦܪܝܡ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ

thumb|ܡܪܝ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ

**ܡܪܝ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ** (ܝܘܢܐܝܬ ܩܘܝܢܝܐ Ἐφραίμ ὁ Σῦρος܆ ܠܐܛܝܢܐܝܬ Ephraem Syrus) ܗܘܐ ܡܫܡܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܘܟܬܘܒܐ ܛܒܝܒܐ ܕܡܙܡܘܪ̈ܐ ܘܬܐܘܠܘܓܘܣ ܒܕܪܐ ܪܒܝܥܝܐ. ܩܕܝܫܐ ܗܘ ܒܥܕ̈ܬܐ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܬܐ ܘܒܥܕܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܬܐ ܡܠܦܢܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ. ܐܬܝܠܕ ܗܘܐ ܒܫܢܬܐ ܕ306 ܡ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܨܘܒܐ ܘܫܢܬ ܒܣܝܩܘܡ 9 ܚܙܝܪܢ 373 ܡ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܐܘܪܗܝ܀

ܡܪܝ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܫܟܢ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܫܢܬܐ ܕ363 ܡ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܨܘܒܐ ܘܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܡܫܡܫܢܐ ܘܒܪ ܩܝܡܐ. ܡܛܠ ܕܫܩܠܘ ܦܪ̈ܣܝܐ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܨܘܒܐ ܒܫܢܬܐ ܕ363 ܡ ܐܬܐ ܡܪܝ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܒܩܕܡܐ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܐܡܝܕ ܘܒܬܪ ܕܗܢܐ ܗܘܐ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܐܘܪܗܝ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܡܘܬܗ܀

ܟܬܒ ܡܪܝ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܠܡܦܪ̈ܩܢܘܬܐ ܕܣܦܪ̈ܐ ܕܒܪܝܬܐ ܘܕܡܦܩܢܐ ܘܕܐܘܢܓܠܝܘܢ. ܢܬܕܟܪ ܗܘܐ ܡܛܠ ܡܐܡܪ̈ܐ ܘܡܕܪ̈ܫܐ ܕܝܠܗ. ܕܘܟܪܢܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܒܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܬܪܝܨܬ ܫܘܒܚܐ ܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܒܝܘܡ ܫܒܬܐ ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ܕܨܘܡܐ ܕܐܪܒܥܝܢ ܘܢܬܕܟܪ ܗܘܐ ܐܝܟ ܟܢܪܐ ܕܪܘܚܐ ܕܩܘܕܫܐ܀

## ܕܝܬܝܩܝ ܕܡܪܝ ܐܦܪܝܡ
:ܐܢܐ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܡܐܬ ܐܢܐ܇ ܘܕܝܬܝܩܝ ܟܬܒ ܐܢܐ
:ܕܬܗܘܐ ܣܗܕܘܬܐ܇ ܠܬܠܡܝ̈ܕܐ ܕܒܬܪܝ
:ܗܘܘ ܐܡܝܢܝܢ ܒܨܠܘܬܐ܇ ܐܝܡܡܐ ܘܠܠܝܐ
:ܕܐܟܪܐ ܕܟܪܒ ܘܬܢܐ܇ ܫܦܪ̈ܢ ܥ̈ܠܠـܬܗ
:ܠܐ ܬܗܘܘܢ ܐܝܟ ܡܐܝ̈ܢܐ܇ ܕܡܘܥܝ̈ܢ ܟܘ̈ܒܐ ܚܩ̈ܠܬܗܘܢ
:ܗܘܘ ܐܡܝܢܝܢ ܒܨܠܘܬܐ ܕܐܝܢܐ ܕܡܚܒ ܠܗ̇ ܣܓܝ
:ܡܢܗ̇ ܡܬܥܕܪ܇ ܒܬܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ ܥܠܡ̈ܐ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*ܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܐܪܬܘܕܟܣܝܬܐ
*ܡܪܘܢܝܐ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܩܕܝܫܐ ܒܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ
ܡܪܝ ܐܝܣܚܩ ܝܘܣܦ

**ܡܪܝ ܐܝܣܚܩ ܝܘܣܦ** ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܐܦܣܩܘܦܐ ܕܗܘܦܪ̈ܟܝܣ ܕܢܘܗܕܪܐ ܘܕܪܘܣܝܐ ܠܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ܀

ܐܝܣܚܩ ܝܘܣܦ
ܥܕܬܐ ܡܪܘܢܝܬܐ

**ܥܕܬܐ ܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܡܪܘܢܝܬܐ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ الكنيسة الأنطاكية السريانية المارونية) ܗܝ ܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܡܕܢܚܝܬܐ ܐܬܩܪܬ ܥܠ ܫܡܗ ܕܡܪܝ ܡܪܘܢ ܕܚܝܐ ܗܘܐ ܒܕܪܐ ܪܒܝܥܝܐ ܘܡܝܬ ܐܝܟ ܕܣܒܪ ܡܘܕܥܢܐ ܣܓܝܐܐ ܒܫܢܬ 410 ܒܬܪ ܡܫܝܚܐ. 

ܡܪܝ ܡܪܘܢ ܗܘܐ ܕܝܪܝܐ ܕܪܚܝܩ ܗܘܐ ܡܢ ܟܢܫܐ ܢܫܝܐ ܠܛܘܪܐ ܕܩܘܪܫ ܒܩܪܒܬ ܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ ܘܫܚܠܦ ܗܘܐ ܒܝܬ ܚܢܦܐ ܠܟܢܘܫܬܐ ܘܕܫܢ ܗܘܠ ܠܗ ܠܒܝܬ ܨܠܘܬܐ ܠܐܠܗܐ ܚܕܐ
ܘܫܟܢ ܗܘܐ ܒܗܘ ܛܘܪܐ ܡܬܟܣܝܐ ܗܘܐ ܒܫܡܝܐ ܒܩܝܛܐ ܘܒܣܬܘܐ.

ܗܟܢܐ ܫܡܥ ܥܠܘܗܝ ܥܡܡ̈ܐ ܕܚܝܝܢ ܒܕܘܟܬܐ ܩܪܝܒܬܐ ܡܢܗ ܘܫܪܝ ܗܘܘܢ ܠܘܬܗ ܕܡܠܦ ܠܗܘܢ ܘܡܐܣܐ ܐܗܘܢ ܡܢ ܟܠ ܟܪܗܘܬܐ ܓܫܡܝܐ ܘܦܓܪܝܐ ܘܡܣܠܩ ܠܪܘܚܐ ܒܝܣܐ ܘܗܘܟܢ ܦܪܘܣ ܗܘܝܢ ܛܒܗ ܒܟܠܗ ܥܡܪܬܐ ܘܟܕ ܡܝܬ ܗܘ ܪܒ ܩܪܝܬܐ ܥܐ ܓܫܡܗ ܡܢ ܕܢܣܒ ܠܗ ܘܢܣܝܡ ܠܗ ܒܥܕܬܐ ܘܦܠܓ ܠܓܫܡܗ ܒܝܢܬܗܘܢ܀

## ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܒܒܪܝܬܐ
ܡܗܝ̈ܡܢܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܡܪܘܢܝܬܐ ܡܬܩܪܝܢ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܐܘ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩ̈ܝܐ. ܦܛܪܝܪܟܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܗܘܐ ܡܪܝ ܡܪܘܢ ܒܕܪܐ ܪܒܝܥܝܐ. ܩܕܡ ܩܪܒܐ ܡܫܠܡܢܐ ܥܠ ܥܡܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܐ ܒܡܕܢܚܐ ܡܨܥܝܐ. ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܡܡܠܠܝܢ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ. ܗܫܐ ܐܝܬ ܗܠ ܫܒܥܡܐܐ ܪ̈ܒܘܢ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܝܢ ܐܠܐ ܒܠܚܘܕ ܡܐܬܐ ܪ̈ܒܘܢ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܝܢ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܝܢ ܦܝܫܝܢ ܒܐܬܪܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ. ܘܬܡܢ ܒܐܬܪܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ ܣܝܡܝܢ ܗܠ 25% ܡܢ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܐܬܪܐ܀

## ܐܣܪ̈ܐ
* ܒܝܬ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ
* ܒܝܬ ܛܘܝܛܪ ܕܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܥܕܬܐ
ܐܘܪܡܝܐ

thumb|ܨܘܪܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܐܢ ܥܡ ܐܘܪܡܝܐ

**ܐܘܪܡܝܐ** ܐܘ **ܐܘܪܡܝ** (ܦܪܣܐܝܬ: ارومیه܄ ܐܕܪܒܝܓܢܐܝܬ: Urumiyə/Urmu܄ ܟܘܪܕܐܝܬ: Wurmê) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܐܝܪܐܢ ܩܪܝܒܬܐ ܠܝܡܬܐ ܕܐܘܪܡܝܐ܂ ܐܝܬ ܫܬܡܐܐ ܐܠܦ̈ܝܢ ܐܢܫ̈ܝܢ ܒܐܘܪܡܝܐ ܝܘܡܢܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܣܝܐ
ܐܓܘܣܛܘܣ ܩܣܪ

thumbnail|200px

**ܐܓܘܣܛܘܣ** (ܠܐܛܝܢܐܝܬ: IMP•CAESAR•DIVI•F•AVGVSTVS) ܐܘ **ܓܐܝܘܣ ܝܘܠܝܘܣ ܩܣܪ ܐܘܩܛܘܝܐܢܘܣ** (C•IVLIVS•C•F•CAESAR•OCTAVIANVS) ܗܘܐ ܩܣܪ ܐܘ ܡܠܟܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܪܗܘܡܐ ܡܢ 27 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܥܠ 14 ܒܬܪ ܡܫܝܚܐ܂ ܥܒܕܗ ܗܘܐ ܠܐܪܒܥܝܢ ܘܚܕܐ ܫܢܝ̈ܐ ܘܚܠܦ ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܪܗܘܡܝܬܐ ܥܠ ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܪܗܘܡܝܬܐ܂ ܐܓܘܣܛܘܣ ܫܪܝ ܥܕܢܐ ܕܢܬܩܪܐ ܫܠܡܐ ܪܗܘܡܝܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܕܪܗܘܡܐ
ܡܕܝܢܬܐ

[thumb|350px|ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕ[ܫܝܩܓܘ ܡܢ ܫܡܝܐ]]
[thumb|350px|ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕ[ܐܪܒܝܠ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ)|ܐܪܒܝܠ ܡܢ ܫܡܝܐ]]

**ܡܕܝܢܬܐ** ܐܝܬܝܗ ܡܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܐܘ ܡܬܥܡܪܢܝܬܐ ܥܡ ܫܘܩ̈ܐ ܘܒܢܝܢ̈ܐ ܣܓܝܐ̈ܐ܀
ܡܪܝ ܥܒܕܝܫܘܥ ܐܒܪܗܡ

**ܡܪܝ ܥܒܕܝܫܘܥ ܐܒܪܗܡ** (ܐܬܝܠܕ ܒ1961) ܗܘ ܐܦܣܩܘܦܐ ܕܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܐܘܪܘܦܐ ܒܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ. ܝܘܡܢܐ ܥܡܪ ܒܣܘܝܕ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ
ܨܠܘܬܐ ܡܪܢܝܬܐ

thumb|300px|ܨܘܪܬܐ ܕܕܪܫܐ ܥܠ ܛܘܪܐ
thumb|300px|ܨܠܘܬܐ ܡܪܢܝܬܐ

**ܨܠܘܬܐ ܡܪܢܝܬܐ** (ܝܘܢܐܝܬ: Η Κυριακή Προσευχή܄ ܠܐܛܝܢܐܝܬ: Oratio Dominica) ܗܝ ܨܠܘܬܐ ܕܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ܂ ܩܪܒܬ ܡܢ ܬܪ̈ܬܝܢ ܕ̈ܘܟܢ: ܚܕܐ ܡܢ ܟܪܘܙܘܬܐ ܕܡܬܝ ܘܐܚܪܬܐ ܡܢ ܟܪܘܙܘܬܐ ܕܠܘܩܐ܂ ܨܠܘܬܐ ܠܐ ܗܝ ܒܟܪܘܙܘܬܐ ܕܡܪܩܘܣ܀
## ܨܠܘܬܐ
### ܣܘܪܝܐܝܬ
thumb|ܐܒܘܢ ܕܒܫܡܝܐ – Pater noster.
#### ܡܢ ܟܪܘܙܘܬܐ ܕܡܬܝ
:ܐܒܘܢ ܕܒܫܡܝܐ 
:ܢܬܩܕܫ ܫܡܟ ܀
:ܬܐܬܐ ܡܠܟܘܬܟ 
:ܢܗܘܐ ܨܒܝܢܟ
:ܐܝܟܢܐ ܕܒܫܡܝܐ ܐܦ ܒܐܪܥܐ ܀
:ܗܒ ܠܢ ܠܚܡܐ ܕܣܘܢܩܢܢ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܀
:ܘܫܒܘܩ ܠܢ ܚܘܒ̈ܝܢ 
:ܐܝܟܢܐ ܕܐܦ ܚܢܢ ܫܒܩܢ ܠܚܝܒܝ̈ܢ ܀
:ܘܠܐ ܬܥܠܢ ܠܢܣܝܘܢܐ
:ܐܠܐ ܦܨܢ ܡܢ ܒܝܫܐ
:ܡܛܠ ܕܕܝܠܟ ܗܝ ܡܠܟܘܬܐ 
:ܘܚܝܠܐ ܘܬܫܒܘܚܬܐ ܠܥܠܡ ܥܠܡܝܢ ܀

#### ܡܢ ܟܪܘܙܘܬܐ ܕܠܘܩܐ
:ܐܒܘܢ ܕܒܫܡܝܐ 
:ܢܬܩܕܫ ܫܡܟ ܀
:ܬܐܬܐ ܡܠܟܘܬܟ 
:ܢܗܘܐ ܨܒܝܢܟ
:ܐܝܟ ܕܒܫܡܝܐ ܐܦ ܒܐܪܥܐ ܀
:ܗܒ ܠܢ ܠܚܡܐ ܕܣܘܢܩܢܢ ܟܠܝܘܡ ܀
:ܘܫܒܘܩ ܠܢ ܚܛܗ̈ܝܢ
:ܐܦ ܐܢܚܢܢ ܓܝܪ ܫܒܩܢ ܠܟܠ ܕܚܝܒܝܢ ܠܢ
:ܘܠܐ ܬܥܠܢ ܠܢܣܝܘܢܐ
:ܐܠܐ ܦܪܘܩܝܢ ܡܢ ܒܝܫܐ ܀

### ܝܘܢܐܝܬ

Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς·
ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου· 
ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου· 
γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου, ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς· 
τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον· 
καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν· 
ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφίεμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν· 
καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν· 
ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ· 
[Ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία καὶ ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. ἀμήν.]


### ܪܗܘܡܐܝܬ

:Pater noster, qui es in caelis:
:sanctificetur Nomen Tuum;
:adveniat Regnum Tuum;
:fiat voluntas Tua,
:sicut in caelo, et in terra.
:Panem nostrum cotidianum da nobis hodie;
:et dimitte nobis debita nostra,
:Sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris;
:et ne nos inducas in tentationem;
:sed libera nos a Malo.
:Amen.


## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
* ܨܠܘܬܐ ܡܪܝܡܝܬܐ

## ܐܣܘܪ̈ܐ ܒܪ̈ܝܐ
* ܨܠܘܬܐ ܡܪܢܝܬܐ ܙܡܝܪܬܐ ܡܢ ܡܐܓܕܐ ܐܠܪܘܡܝ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ
ܕܪܒܢܕܘܟܐ

**ܕܪܒܢܕܘܟܐ** ܗܝ ܡܬܐ ܪܘܪܒܐܝܬ ܙܥܘܪܬܐ ܕܢܦܠܐ ܒܓܪܒܝܝܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ ܒܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܐܪܒܝܠ ܒܐܬܪܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ. ܚܝܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܒܗ ܐܝܟ ܐܪܒܥܣܪ̈ܐ ܟܠܦ̈ܢ  ܒܫܒܒܘܬܐ. ܦܛܪܝܪܟܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܡܪܝ ܕܢܚܐ ܪܒܝܥܝܐ ܐܬܝܠܕ ܒ15 ܒܐܝܠܘܠ ܒ1935 ܒܡܬܐ ܕܕܪܒܢܕܘܟܐ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
* ܒܬܣܐ
* ܕܝܢܐ
* ܗܪܝܪ
* ܡܪܝ ܕܢܚܐ ܪܒܝܥܝܐ

## ܣܗܕܘܬܐ
* http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IZ/11/Darbandok2.html

ܣܕܪܐ:ܩܘܪܝܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ
ܗܪܝܪ

thumb|300px|ܩܪܝܬܐ ܕܗܪܝܪ

**ܗܪܝܪ** ܗܝ ܩܪܝܬܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܬܐ ܒܥܝܪܐܩ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
* ܒܬܣܐ
* ܕܝܢܐ
* ܕܪܒܢܕܘܟܐ
* ܗܒܕܝܢ
* ܦܘܙܝ ܗܪܝܪܝ
* ܦܪܢܣܘ ܗܪܝܪܝ

## ܣܗܕܘܬܐ
* http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IZ/11/Harir.html

ܣܕܪܐ:ܩܘܪܝܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ
ܡܪܝ ܩܘܪܝܩܘܣ ܣܗܕܐ ܘܕܝܘܠܝܛܐ ܝܡܗ

**ܡܪܝ ܩܘܪܝܩܘܣ ܣܗܕܐ ܘܕܝܘܠܝܛܐ ܝܡܗ**،

ܩܘܪܝܩܘܣ ܣܗܕܐ ܘܕܝܘܠܝܛܐ ܝܡܗ
ܬܡܘܙ

**ܬܡܘܙ** ܗܘ ܝܪܚܐ ܫܒܝܥܝܐ ܕܫܢܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܓܪܝܓܘܪܝܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܒܗ ܬܪܥܣܪ ܝܪ̈ܚܐ܂ ܗܘ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܫܒܥܐ ܝܪ̈ܚܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܒܗܘܢ ܬܠܬܝܢ ܘܚܕ ܝܘܡܬ̈ܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܪܚܐ
ܒܨܪܐ

**ܒܨܪܐ** ܗܝ:

*ܒܨܪܐ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ)
*ܒܨܪܐ (ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ)
*ܒܨܪܐ (ܨܒܥܐ)

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*ܒܣܪܐ
ܥܡܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ

**ܥܡܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ** (ܐܪܡܝܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ: ארמיא) ܚܕ ܥܡܐ ܡܢ ܥܡܡ̈ܐ ܫܝܡܝ̈ܐ. ܐܪ̈ܡܝܐ ܥܡܪܝܢ ܒܐܬܪܐ ܕܐܪܡ ܘܒܟܠܗ ܡܕܢܚܐ ܡܨܥܝܬܐ. ܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܗܘܐ ܐܦ ܕܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܘܕܐܡܗ ܘܬܠܡܝܕ̈ܘܗܝ. ܘܡܬܚܫܒ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܠܫ̈ܢܐ ܥܬܝ̈ܩܐ ܕܒܪܝܬܐ ܕܡܬܡܠܠ ܒܗ ܕܠܐ ܩܘܛܥ ܗܐ ܡܢ ܩܕܡ ܐܪܒܥܐ ܐܠܦܝ̈ܢ ܫܢ̈ܝܢ܀
ܕܒܠܢ

**ܕܒܠܢ** ܐܘ **ܕܒܠܝܢ** (ܐܝܪܐܝܬ: Baile Átha Cliath܄ ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ: Dublin) ܗܝ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܠܢܕ܂ ܐܝܬ 506,211 ܐܢܫ̈ܝܢ ܒܕܒܠܢ ܝܘܡܢܐ܀
ܝܘܢܢ

[thumb|200px|ܨܘܪܬܐ ܕܝܘܢܢ ܒ[ܒܝܬ ܣܗܕܐ ܣܝܣܛܝܢܐ|ܒܝܬ ܣܗܕ̈ܐ ܣܝܣܛܝܢܐ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܘܛܝܩܢ]]

**ܝܘܢܢ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ: יונה܄ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ: يونس ܐܘ يونان܄ ܠܐܛܝܢܐܝܬ: Ionas܄ "ܝܘܢܐ") ܗܘܐ ܢܒܝܐ ܒܬܢܟ ܕܝܗܘܕܝܘܬܐ ܘܒܩܘܪܐܢ ܕܐܣܠܐܡ ܘܒܬܘܕ̈ܝܬܐ ܐܒܪ̈ܗܡܝܬܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܝܬܐ܄ ܚܙܝܢܢ ܒܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܕܝܘܢܢ ܕܗܘ ܐܬܒܠܥ ܡܢ ܢܘܢܐ ܪܒܐ ܘܢܦܩ ܡܢܗ ܒܬܪ ܬܠܬܐ ܝܘܡܝ̈ܢ܀

**ܝܘܢܢ ܗܘܗ ܡܢ ܩܪܝܬܐ ܕ[[ܓܬ ܗܚܦܪ]]** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ גַּת הַחֵפֶר) ܟܟ**ܬܝܒܐ ܒ[[ܣܦܪܐ ܕܡܲܠܟܹ̈ܐ ܒ|ܣܦܪܐ ܕ]]**'''ܡܲܠܟܹ̈ܐ ܒ'''.
ܡܪܝ ܝܘܣܦ

thumb|ܡܪܝ ܝܘܣܦ ܥܡ ܝܫܘܥ ܛܠܝܐGuido Reni, c 1640

**ܡܪܝ ܝܘܣܦ** ܐܘ **ܝܘܣܦ ܢܓܪܐ** ܐܘ **ܝܘܣܦ ܢܨܪܝܐ** ܗܘ ܝܘܣܦ ܕܒܝܬ ܕܘܝܕ ܓܒܪܐ ܕܡܪܝܡ ܐܡܐ ܕܝܫܘܥ ܢܨܪܝܐ.

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ
ܗܟܐܪܝ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ)

**ܗܟܐܪܝ** ܐܘ **ܗܟܪܝ** ܐܘ **ܚܟܐܪܝ** (ܛܘܪܩܝܐ: Hakkari) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܛܘܪܩܝܐ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*ܚܟܐܪܝ
ܒܬܣܐ

thumb|300px|ܡܬܐ ܕܒܬܣܐ

**ܒܬܣܐ** ܗܝ ܡܬܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܒܥܝܪܐܩ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
* ܕܝܢܐ
* ܕܪܒܢܕܘܟܐ
* ܗܒܕܝܢ
* ܗܪܝܪ
* ܡܪܝ ܕܢܚܐ ܪܒܝܥܝܐ

## ܣܗܕܘܬܐ
* http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IZ/11/Batas.html

ܣܕܪܐ:ܩܘܪܝܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ
ܫܒܛ

**ܫܒܛ** ܗܘ ܝܪܚܐ ܬܪܝܢܐ ܕܫܢܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܓܪܝܓܘܪܝܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܒܗ ܬܪܥܣܪ ܝܪ̈ܚܐ܂ ܫܒܛ ܐܝܬ ܒܗ ܥܣܪܝܢ ܘܬܡܢܝܐ ܝܘܡܬ̈ܐ ܒܫܢܬܐ ܦܫܝܛܬܐ ܘܥܣܪܝܢ ܘܬܫܥܐ ܝܘܡܬ̈ܐ ܒܫܢܬܐ ܟܒܝܫܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܪܚܐ
ܐܕܪ

**ܐܕܪ** ܗܘ ܝܪܚܐ ܬܠܝܬܝܐ ܕܫܢܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܓܪܝܓܘܪܝܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܒܗ ܬܪܥܣܪ ܝܪ̈ܚܐ܂ ܗܘ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܫܒܥܐ ܝܪ̈ܚܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܒܗܘܢ ܬܠܬܝܢ ܘܚܕ ܝܘܡܬ̈ܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܪܚܐ
ܢܝܣܢ

**ܢܝܣܢ** ܗܘ ܝܪܚܐ ܪܒܝܥܐ ܕܫܢܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܓܪܝܓܘܪܝܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܒܗ ܬܪܥܣܪ ܝܪ̈ܚܐ܂ ܗܘ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܐܪܒܥܐ ܝܪ̈ܚܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܒܗܘܢ ܬܠܬܝܢ ܝܘܡܬ̈ܐ. ܒܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܢܝܣܢ ܗܘ ܝܪܚܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܪܚܐ
ܡܬܐ

**ܡܬܐ** ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܕܒܗ ܒܪ ܐܢܫܐ ܡܕܝܪ ܘܥܡ ܐܢܫܘܬܗ ܥܡܪ܀

ܒܙܒܢ̈ܐ ܩܕ̈ܡܝܐ ܟܠܗ̇ ܐܪܥܐ ܕܓܘܐ ܗܘܬ. ܟܠܢܫ ܡܨܐ ܗܘܐ ܕܢܥܡܪ ܐܝܟܐ ܕܨܒܐ܇ ܘܕܢܫܩܠ ܡܢܗ̇ ܐܡܬܝ ܕܨܒܐ. ܟܕ ܕܝܢ ܣܓܝܘ ܒܢܝ̈ܢܫܐ ܘܐܬܒܕܪܘ ܒܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܫܪ̈ܒܢ ܬܚܝܬ ܦܘܩܕܢ ܐܪܟܘܢܐ ܐܘܟܝܬ ܡܕܒܪܢܐ ܚܕ܀
ܦܪܢܣܘ ܚܪܝܪܝ

**ܦܪܢܣܘ ܬܐܘܡܐ ܚܪܝܪܝ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ فرانسو توما حريري܆ ܐܬܝܠܕ 1937 ܘܡܝܬ 18 ܒܫܒܛ 2001) ܗܘܐ ܦܘܠܝܛܝܩܝܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܡܢ ܓܒܐ ܕܝܡܘܩܪܛܝܐ ܕܟܘܪܕܝܣܛܐܢ ܒܥܝܪܐܩ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
* ܗܪܝܪ
* ܦܘܙܝ ܚܪܝܪܝ
ܪܘܡܪܡܐ

**ܪܘܡܪܡܐ** ܗܘ ܣܘܓܝܬܐ ܕܥܡܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ܀

## ܡ̈ܠܐ
:ܩܐ ܪܘܡܪܡܐ ܕܫܡܐ ܪܡܐ 
:ܕܐܘܡܬܐ ܐܬܘܪ ܟܠܚ ܒܫܠܡܐ 
:ܗܝ ܕܗܘܐ ܠܗ ܕܪܓܘܫܬܐ ܕܡܪܕܘܬܐ 
:ܩܐ ܐܝܩܪܐ ܕܐܒܗܬܢ 
:ܐܢܝ ܕܦܪܣܠܗܘܢ ܠܡܬܥܡܪܢܝܬܐ 
:ܐܢܝ ܕܡܗܘܪܝܐ ܠܗܘܢ ܐܗ ܒܪܢܫܘܬܐ 
:ܕܥܡܪܐ ܗܘܐ ܒܫܠܡܐ ܗܠ ܐܒܕܘܬܐ 
:ܕܚܝܘܗ ܥܒܪܝ ܗܘܘ ܒܪܘܚܢܝܘܬܐ 
:ܕܝܪܡܐ ܗܘܐ ܒܡܪܝܐ ܓܘ ܥܠܝܘܬܐ܀
ܡܩܕܘܢܝܐ

**ܡܩܕܘܢܝܐ** ܗܝ:

* ܐܬܪ̈ܐ:
** ܓܪܒܝ ܡܩܕܘܢܝܐ
** ܡܩܕܘܢܝܐ (ܝܘܢ)
** ܡܩܕܘܢܝܐ (ܟܘܪܐ)
** ܡܩܕܘܢܝܐ (ܒܘܠܓܐܪܝܐ)
** ܡܩܕܘܢܝܐ (ܪܗܘܡܐ)
* ܥܡܐ ܕܡܩܕܘܢܝܐ
* ܠܫܢܐ ܡܩܕܘܢܝܐ
ܐܣܠܐܡ

thumb|ܫܡܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ (الله) ܒܟܬܒܐ ܫܦܝܪܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ

**ܐܣܠܐܡ** ܐܘ **ܡܫܠܡܢܘܬܐ** ܐܘ **ܗܓܪܝܘܬܐ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ الإسلام) ܗܘ/ܗܝ ܬܘܕܝܬܐ ܕܐܒܪܗܡ ܥܡ ܚܕ ܐܠܗ (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ الله) ܕܐܫܬܪܝ ܡܢ ܝܘܠܦܢ̈ܐ ܕܡܘܚܡܕ ܢܒܝܐ ܒܐܪܒܝܐ ܒܕܪܐ ܫܒܝܥܝܐ ܕܡܪܢ. ܐܣܠܐܡ ܗܘ ܬܘܕܝܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܬܪܝܢܝܬܐ ܝܘܡܢܐ (ܒܬܪ ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ) ܥܡ ܥܣܪܝܢ ܪ̈ܒܘܢ ܪ̈ܒܘܢ ܕ̈ܒܝܩܝܢ ܕܡܬܩܪܝܢ ܡܫܠܡܢ̈ܐ. ܡܫܠܡܢ̈ܐ ܢܣܒܪܘܢ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܝܗܒ ܩܘܪܐܢ ܣܦܪܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܕܐܣܠܐܡ ܠܡܘܚܡܕ ܢܒܝܐ ܪܒܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ܀

## ܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ ܐܣܠܡܝܬܐ
ܐܝܟ ܩܘܪܐܢܐ، ܡܗܝܡܢܝܢ ܡܫܠܡܢ̈ܐ ܒܐܠܗܐ ܘܒܡܠܐܟ̈ܘܗܝ ܘܒܟܬܒ̈ܘܗܝ ܘܒܢܒܝ̈ܐ ܘܒܝܘܡܐ ܐܚܪܝܐ ܘܒܣܝܡܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ܀

### ܐܠܗܐ ([[ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ|ܥܪܒܐܝܬ]]: الله)
ܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܚܕ (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ توحيد)܀

### ܡܠܐܟ̈ܐ ([[ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ|ܥܪܒܐܝܬ]]: الملائكة)
ܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ ܒܐܝܬܘܬܐ ܕܡܠܐܟ̈ܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ܀

### ܟܬܒ̈ܐ ([[ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ|ܥܪܒܐܝܬ]]: الكتاب)
ܣܒܪܝܢ ܡܫܠܡܢ̈ܐ ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܩܘܪܐܢ ܡܠܬܐ ܐܠܗܝܬܐ ܓܘܫܡܢܝܬܐ܀

ܡܗܝܡܢܝܢ ܡܫܠܡܢ̈ܐ ܕܩܘܪܐܢ ܗܘ ܡܠܐ ܐܚܪܝܐ ܘܐܚܝܕܬܐ ܒܠܚܘܕ ܕܐܠܗܐ، ܘܕܟܬܒ̈ܐ ܩܕܡܝ̈ܐ ܕܢܒܝ̈ܐ ܐܬܦܓܪܘ܀ 

### ܢܒܝ̈ܐ ([[ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ|ܥܪܒܐܝܬ]]: الأنبياء)

### ܝܘܡܐ ܐܚܪܝܐ ([[ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ|ܥܪܒܐܝܬ]]: اليوم الآخر)
ܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ ܒܐܝܬܘܬܐ ܕܝܘܡܐ ܐܚܪܝܐ܀

### ܣܝܡܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ ([[ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ|ܥܪܒܐܝܬ]]: القدر)
ܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ ܒܐܝܬܘܬܐ ܕܣܝܡܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ܀

## ܚܡܫܐ ܐܪܟܘܢ̈ܐ ܕܐܣܠܐܡ

### ܣܗܕܘܬܐ ([[ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ|ܥܪܒܐܝܬ]]: الشهادة)
ܣܗܕܘܬܐ ܕܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ ܒܐܣܠܐܡ ܗܝ ܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ ܕܠܝܬ ܐܠܗ ܐܠܐ ܐܠܗܐ ܘܡܘܚܡܕ ܐܝܙܓܕܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ܀

ܐܡܬܝ ܕܡܫܠܡܢ̈ܐ ܩܕܡܝܐܝܬ ܗܦܟܝܢ ܠܐܣܠܐܡ، ܐܡܪܝܢ ܗܢܘܢ ܡܠܬܐ: "ܣܗܕ ܐܢܐ ܕܠܝܬ ܐܠܗܐ ܐܠܐ ܐܠܗܐ ܘܡܘܚܡܕ ܐܝܙܓܕܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ" (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ اشهد ان لا اله الا الله و محمد رسول الله)܀

### ܨܠܘܬܐ ([[ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ|ܥܪܒܐܝܬ]]: الصلاة)

### ܙܩܘܬܐ ([[ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ|ܥܪܒܐܝܬ]]: الزكاة)

### ܨܘܡܐ ([[ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ|ܥܪܒܐܝܬ]]: الصوم)

### ܚܐܓܐ ([[ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ|ܥܪܒܐܝܬ]]: الحج)

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ

* ܐܠܗܐ
* ܢܒܝܐ ܐܒܪܗܡ
* ܢܒܝܐ ܡܘܫܐ
* ܢܒܝܐ ܝܫܘܥ

* ܢܒܝܐ ܡܘܚܡܕ


ܣܕܪܐ:ܬܘܕܝܬܐ
ܐܠ ܓܪܝܩܘ

thumb|200px|"ܨܘܪܬܐ ܕܣܒܐ" (ܨܘܪܬܐ ܕܝܬܗ)

**ܐܠ ܓܝܪܩܘ** (ܐܣܦܢܐܝܬ El Greco "ܝܘܢܝܐ"܆ 1541 - 7 ܒܢܝܣܢ 1614) ܗܘܐ ܨܝܪܐ ܘܐܪܕܟܠܐ ܕܪܢܣܐܢܣ ܐܣܦܢܝܬܐ. ܒܨܘܪ̈ܬܗ ܟܬܒ ܫܡܗ ܝܘܢܐܝܬ **ܕܘܡܝܢܝܩܘܣ ܬܐܘܛܘܩܘܦܘܠܘܣ** (Δομήνικος Θεοτοκόπουλος) ܕܢܚܘܐ ܛܘܗܡܗ ܝܘܢܝܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܘܢܝܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܨܝܪܐ
ܢܘܗܕܪܐ (ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ)

thumb|ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܢܘܗܕܪܐ

**ܢܘܗܕܪܐ** (ܥܪܒܝܐ: دهوك܄ ܟܘܪܕܝܐ: دهۆك) ܗܝ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܒܓܪܒܝܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ، ܐܝܬ ܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ 500,000 ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܒܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܢܘܗܕܪܐ. ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܢܘܗܕܪܐ ܗܝ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܘܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܕܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܢܘܗܕܪܐ ܘܢܦܠܐ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܢܘܗܕܪܬ ܒܝܢ ܛܘܪܐ ܚܘܪܐ ܘܛܘܪܐ ܕܙܘܐ ܘܦܫܠܝܗ ܡܘܫܟܚܐ ܓܠܦܝܬܐ ܕܥܪܝ ܠܙܒܢܐ ܕܐܫܘܪܝܐ ܥܠ ܛܘܪܐ ܕܙܒܐ؛ ܘܡܢ ܨܘܒܐ ܓܪܒܝܝܐ ܡܢ ܢܘܗܕܪܐ ܢܦܠ ܣܟܪܐ ܕܢܘܗܕܪܐ ܘܗܪ ܗܕܟ ܦܢܝܬܐ ܕܥܡܕܝܐ ܬܒܥܐ ܡܕܒܪܢܐܝܬ ܠܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܢܘܗܕܪܐ ܘܡܢ ܪܘܣܬܩܗ ܣܪܣܢܓ ܘܕܝܪܠܘܩܐ   .
ܬܫܪܝܢ ܒ

**ܬܫܪܝܢ ܒ** ܐܘ **ܬܫܪܝܢ ܐܚܪܝ** ܐܘ **ܬܫܪܝܢ ܬܪܝܢܐ** ܗܘ ܝܪܚܐ ܚܕܥܣܝܪܝܐ ܕܫܢܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܓܪܝܓܘܪܝܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܒܗ ܬܪܥܣܪ ܝܪ̈ܚܐ܂ ܗܘ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܐܪܒܥܐ ܝܪ̈ܚܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܒܗܘܢ ܬܠܬܝܢ ܝܘܡܬ̈ܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܪܚܐ
ܡܝܐ

thumb|280px|ܡܝ̈ܐ

**ܡܝ̈ܐ** ܐܢܘܢ ܐܝܬܘܬܐ ܕܟܝܡܝܐ ܥܠ ܟܠ ܚܝ̈ܐ ܕܥܠܡܐ܂ ܡܢ ܥܝܢܐ ܕܐܢܫܐ ܠܝܬ ܠܗܘܢ ܠܡܝ̈ܐ ܓܘܢܐ܆ ܐܠܐ ܡܝ̈ܐ ܡܢ ܩܘܪܒܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܙܪ̈ܩܐ܂ ܡܝ̈ܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܪ̈ܛܝܒܐ܂ ܫܒܥܝܢ ܘܚܕܐ ܒܡܐܬܐ ܕܟܠ ܦܐܬܐ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܗܝ ܡܝ̈ܐ܀
ܒܒܐ

**ܒܒܐ** ܗܘ:

* ܒܒܐ ܕܥܝܢܐ
* ܒܒܐ (ܛܠܝܐ)
* ܒܒܐ (ܬܪܥܐ ܙܥܘܪܐ)
* ܐܒܐ (ܣܘܕܝܐ)
ܐܬܐ

[thumb|300px|ܐܬܐ ܕ[ܕܐܢܡܐܪܩ]]

**ܐܬܐ** (ܟܢܘܫܝܐ: **ܐܬܘ̈ܬܐ**) ܗܝ ܣܕܘܢܐ ܛܘܦܣܝܐ. ܐܬܐ ܗܝ ܛܘܦܣܐ ܪܡܙܢܝܐ ܐܝܟ ܡܬܠܐ ܕܐܬܪܐ. ܥܠ ܗܕܐ ܗܟܢܐ ܢܫ̈ܐ ܡܕܫܢܝܢ ܐܝܩܪܐ ܠܐܬܘ̈ܬܐ܀

ܐܬܐ ܠܐ ܒܠܚܘܕ ܐܟܘܬܗ ܐܝܟ ܛܘܦܣܐ ܠܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ܇ ܐܠܐ ܐܦ ܐܟܘܬܘ ܐܝܟ ܛܘܦܣܐ ܠܡܕ̈ܝܢܬܐ ܐܘ ܠܓܒ̈ܐ ܦܘܠܝܛܝܩܝ̈ܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܬܐ
ܐܒܐ

**ܐܒܐ** ܗܘ:

* ܐܒܐ (ܐܠܗܐ)
* ܐܒܐ (ܒܝܬܝܘܬܐ)
* ܐܒܐ (ܦܐܪܐ)
* ܐܒܐ (ܚܝܘܬܐ)
1

**1** ܗܘܬ ܫܢܬܐ ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܐ܀

## ܐܬܝܠܕ
*ܝܘܢܝܘܣ ܐܢܝܘܣ ܓܐܠܝܘ
*ܣܝܟܣܛܘܣ ܐܦܪܝܐܢܘܣ ܒܘܪܘܣ

## ܡܝܬ

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*1 (ܡܢܝܢܐ)

ܣܕܪܐ:ܕܪܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ
2

**2** ܗܘܬ ܫܢܬܐ ܬܪܝܢܝܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܐ܀

## ܐܬܝܠܕ
*ܐܦܘܠܘܢܝܘܣ ܛܝܢܝܐ

## ܡܝܬ
*ܠܘܣܝܘܣ ܝܘܠܝܘܣ ܩܣܪ

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*2 (ܡܢܝܢܐ)

ܣܕܪܐ:ܕܪܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ
3

**3** ܗܘܬ ܫܢܬܐ ܬܠܝܬܝܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܐ܀

## ܐܬܝܠܕ
*ܦܘܠܘܣ ܫܠܝܚܐ
*ܕܘܡܝܛܝܐ ܠܦܝܕܐ

## ܡܝܬ

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*3 (ܡܢܝܢܐ)

ܣܕܪܐ:ܕܪܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ
4

**4** ܗܘܬ ܫܢܬܐ ܪܒܝܥܝܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܐ܀

## ܐܬܝܠܕ
*ܠܘܣܝܘܣ ܝܘܢܝܘܣ ܩܘܠܘܡܠܠܐ

## ܡܝܬ
*ܓܐܝܘܣ ܛܪܝܒܛܝܘܣ ܛܝܣܛܐ
*ܒܐܓ ܠܝ

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*4 (ܡܢܝܢܐ)

ܣܕܪܐ:ܕܪܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ
5

**5** ܗܘܬ ܫܢܬܐ ܚܡܝܫܝܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܐ܀

## ܐܬܝܠܕ
*ܐܪܝܣܛܦܘܠܘܣ ܩܢܫܪܝܢܝܐ

## ܡܝܬ
*ܓܐܝܘܣ ܐܣܝܢܝܘܣ ܦܘܠܝܘ

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*5 (ܡܢܝܢܐ)

ܣܕܪܐ:ܕܪܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ
6

**6** ܗܘܬ ܫܢܬܐ ܫܬܝܬܝܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܐ܀

## ܐܬܝܠܕ
*ܝܘܚܢܢ ܫܠܝܚܐ
*ܢܐܪܘ ܝܘܠܝܘܣ ܩܣܪ

## ܡܝܬ
*ܩܠܝܘܦܐܛܪܐ ܨܝܠܝܢ

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*6 (ܡܢܝܢܐ)

ܣܕܪܐ:ܕܪܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ
7

**7** ܗܘܬ ܫܢܬܐ ܫܒܝܥܝܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܐ܀

## ܐܬܝܠܕ

## ܡܝܬ

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*7 (ܡܢܝܢܐ)

ܣܕܪܐ:ܕܪܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ
9

**9** ܗܘܬ ܫܢܬܐ ܬܫܝܥܝܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܐ܀

## ܐܬܝܠܕ
*ܛܝܛܘܣ ܦܠܐܦܝܘܣ ܒܣܦܣܝܐܢܘܣ

## ܡܝܬ
*ܦܘܒܠܝܘܣ ܩܘܝܢܛܝܠܝܘܣ

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*9 (ܡܢܝܢܐ)

ܣܕܪܐ:ܕܪܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ
10

**10** ܗܘܬ ܫܢܬܐ ܥܣܝܪܝܬܐ ܒܣܘܪܓܕܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܐ܀

## ܐܬܝܠܕ
*ܗܝܪܘܢ ܐܠܟܣܢܕܪܝܐ

## ܡܝܬ

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*10 (ܡܢܝܢܐ)

ܣܕܪܐ:ܕܪܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ
ܦܐܦܐ ܝܘܚܢܢ ܦܘܠܘܣ ܬܪܝܢܐ

thumb|300px|ܦܐܦܐ ܝܘܚܢܢ ܦܘܠܘܣ ܬܪܝܢܐ ܒ1985

**ܦܐܦܐ ܝܘܚܢܢ ܦܘܠܘܣ ܬܪܝܢܐ** (ܠܐܛܝܢܐܝܬ Ioannes Paulus PP. II܆ ܐܝܛܠܐܝܬ Giovanni Paolo II) ܗܘܐ ܦܐܦܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝ ܕܪ̈ܗܘܡܝܐ ܡܢ 16 ܒܬܫܪܝܢ ܐ 1978 ܥܠ 2 ܒܢܝܣܢ 2005. ܫܡܐ ܕܝܠܕܗ ܗܘܐ **ܩܐܪܘܠ ܝܘܙܦ ܒܘܝܛܝܘܐ** (ܦܘܠܢܕܐܝܬ Karol Józef Wojtyła) ܒܒܕܘܒܝܛܣܐ ܒܦܘܠܢܕ. ܥܒܕܗ ܗܘܬ ܒܬܪ ܦܐܦܐ ܝܘܚܢܢ ܦܘܠܘܣ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܘܩܕܡ ܦܐܦܐ ܒܢܕܝܩܛܘܣ ܫܬܥܣܝܪܝܐ. ܗܘ ܦܐܦܐ ܦܘܠܢܕܝܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܘܩܕܡܐ ܠܐ ܐܝܛܠܝܐ ܡܛܠ ܗܘܠܢܕܝܐ ܐܕܪܝܐܢܘܣ ܫܬܝܬܝܐ ܒܕܪܐ ܫܬܥܣܝܪܝܐ ܕܫܢܬܐ ܕܡܪܢ܀

ܡܨܐ ܗܘܐ ܡܡܠܠܘ ܒܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ: ܦܘܠܢܕܝܐ ܘܐܝܛܠܝܐ ܘܦܪܢܣܝܐ ܘܓܪܡܢܝܐ ܘܐܢܓܠܝܐ ܘܐܣܦܢܝܐ ܘܩܘܪܝܐ ܘܟܪܘܬܝܐ ܘܦܘܪܛܘܓܠܝܐ ܘܪܘܣܝܐ ܘܠܐܛܝܢܝܐ܀

ܒܫܢܬܐ ܕ1994 ܬܦܩ ܥܡ ܡܪܝ ܕܢܚܐ ܪܒܝܥܝܐ ܦܛܪܝܪܟܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܦܐܦܐ
ܦܘܙܝ ܚܪܝܪܝ

**ܦܘܙܝ ܚܪܝܪܝ** ܗܘ ܦܘܠܝܛܝܩܝܐ ܥܝܪܐܩܝܐ ܘܒܪܐ ܕܦܪܢܣܘ ܚܪܝܪܝ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
* ܗܪܝܪ
ܚܐܚ

**ܚܐܚ** ܗܝ ܩܪܝܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܕܣܝܡܐ ܒܡܕܢܚ ܡܕܝܕ ܒܐܬܪܐ (ܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ) ܒܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ ܥܠܝܬܐ ܘܢܦܠܐ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܒܡܕܢܚ ܬܝܡܢ ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܒܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܡܪܕܝܢ ܥܠ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܕܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܫܝܪܢܐܟ ܡܢ ܡܕܢܚܐ ܘܬܚܘܡܐ ܕܢܨܝܒܝܢ ܘܩܡܫܠܝ ܫܒܒܬܗ̊ ܒܣܘܪܝܐ ܡܢ ܬܝܡܢܐ.

ܘܐܝܬܝܗ̇ ܒܝܬ ܡܘܠܕܐ ܕܟܬܘܒܐ ܕܗܠܝܢ ܝܘܕ̈ܐ܂ ܚܐܚ ܐܝܬܝܗ̇ ܗ̱ܘܬ ܚܕܐ ܡܢ ܡܕܝܢ̈ܢܬܐ ܥܬܝܩ̈ܬܐ ܕ ܥܡܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܕܕܟܝܪ ܫܡܗ̇ ܒܠܘܚܐ ܕܟܬܝܒܬܐ ܨܨܢܝܬܐ ܒܫܢܬ (ܦܢܛ) ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܂

ܚܪ̈ܒܬܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܥܕܟܝܠ ܡܬܚ̈ܙܝܢ܂ ܟܕ ܐܬܝܠܕ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܪܕܘ ܡܓܘܫ̈ܐ ܒܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܚܐܚ ܘܐܬܘ ܠܣܓܕܬܐ ܕ ܡܫܝܚܐ܂ ܒܗܦܘܟܝܐ ܕܝܠܗܘܢ ܠܗ̇ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܐܘܩܕܘ ܠܒܘܫܐ ܕܐܫܬܟܢ ܠܗܘܢ ܡܢ ܡܪܝܡ ܠܒܘܪܟܬܐ ܠܕܟܠ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܬܪܥܣܪ̈ ܡܓܘܫ̈ܐ ܕܫܟܝܚܝܢ ܗܘܘ܂ ܘܬܡܢ ܒܢܘ ܥܕܬܐ ܠܕܘܟܪܢܐ ܥܠ ܫܡܐ ܕܝܠܕܬ ܐܠܗܐ ܕܩܝܡܐ ܥܕܟܝܠ ܒܗ̇ ܒܚܐܚ ܘܐܝܬܝܗ̇ ܒܪܘܠܐ ܒܟܠܗ ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ܀

ܒܬ̥ܪ ܩܛܠܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܐ ܕܗܘܐ ܒܝܬ 1914 - 1923 ܡ ܫܚܠܦ ܥܡܐ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܘܩܘܪܕܝܐ ܦܬܐ ܕܐܬܪܐ ܕܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܫܪܫܝܐ܆  ܘܐܘܒܕܘ ܩܢܝܢܘܗܝ ܘܐܢܫܘܗܝ ܒܢܓ̈ܕܐ ܡܪܝܪ̈ܐ ܩܫܝ̈ܐ ܆ ܘܟܢ ܐܫܬܠܛ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ ܆ ܘܐܬܓܠܘܝܘ ܒܡܨܥܝܘܬ ܕܪܐ ܕܥܣܪܝܢ ܡܐ ܕܦܫܘ ܗܘܐ ܡܢ ܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܬܡܢ ܆ ܘܠܐ ܦܫܘ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܬܡܢ ܣܛܪ ܡܢ ܟܡܐ ܐܠܦܝ̈ܐ ܢܛܪܝܢ ܠܕܝܪ̈ܬܐ ܘܚܝܝܢ ܒܙܘܥܢܐ ܘ ܒܕܚܠܐ ܘܟܢܫܐ ܪܒܐ ܡܢܗܘܢ ܢܚܬ ܠܐܬܪܐ ܕܓܙܪܬܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܐ ܘܫܬܐܣ ܠܡܕܝܢ̈ܬܐ ܘܠܩܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܕܐܝܟ ܩܡܫܠܝ ܙܐܠܝܢ ܘܕܝܪܝܟ (ܡܐܠܟܝܗ) ܘܚܣܟܗ ܘܩܒܪ̈ܐ ܚܘܪ̈ܐ ܘܣܛܪ ؛ ܘܚܝܝܢ ܒܗܘܢ ܒܣܓܝܘܬܐ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܝܘܡܢܐ.

## ܚܙܝ ܐܦ
*ܩܛܠ ܥܡܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܐ
*ܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ
*ܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܐܪܬܘܕܟܣܝܬܐ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ
ܐܦܣܩܘܦܐ

**ܐܦܣܩܘܦܐ** ܐܘ **ܐܦܝܣܩܘܦܐ** (ܡܢ ܝܘܢܝܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ: επίσκοπος) ܗܘ ܐܢܫܐ ܕܕܪܓܐ ܕܟܗܢܘܬܐ ܒܥܕ̈ܬܐ ܕܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ܂ ܟܠ ܐܦܣܩܘ̈ܦܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܗܘܢ ܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܒܡܪ̈ܥܝܬܗܘܢ (ܡܕܒܪ̈ܢܘܬܗܘܢ)܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*ܡܫܡܫܢܐ
*ܟܗܢܐ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ
ܙܠܡܐ ܩܫܝܐ

**ܙܠܡܐ ܩܫܝܐ** (ܒܹ) ܗܘ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܙܘܥ̈ܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
ܙܘܥܐ (ܐܠܦܒܝܬ)

ܣܕܪܐ:ܩܢܘܢܐ ܕܠܥܙܐ
ܫܝܩܓܘ

thumb|350px|ܨܘܪ̈ܬܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܬܐ ܕܫܝܩܓܘ

**ܫܝܩܓܘ** ܐܘ **ܫܝܩܐܓܘ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ Chicago) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܐܠܝܢܘܝ ܒܐܘܚܕ̈ܢܐ ܡܚܝܕ̈ܐ. ܐܝܬ ܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ 2,710,000 ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܢ ܒܫܝܩܓܘ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܘܐܝܬܝܗ̇ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܬܠܝܬܝܬܐ ܒܣܓܝܐܘܬܐ ܕܥܡܘܪ̈ܐ ܒܐܘܚܕ̈ܢܐ ܡܚܝܕ̈ܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܡܚܝܕܐ
ܠܫܢܐ ܐܟܕܝܐ

thumb|upright=1.5|ܠܘܚܐ ܕܐܬܟܬܒ ܒܗ̇ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܐܟܕܝܐ

**ܠܫܢܐ ܐܟܕܝܐ** (𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑 *ܐܟ-ܟܐ-ܕܘ-ܐܘ<sub>2</sub>* ܐܘ 𒌵𒆠 *ܐܘܪܝ<sup>ܟܝ</sup>*) ܗܘ ܠܫܢܐ ܫܝܡܝܐ (ܒܫܪܒܬܐ ܕܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܐܦܪܘ-ܐܣܝ̈ܝܐ) ܕܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ ܕܢܬܡܠܠ ܗܘܐ ܡܢ ܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܘܡܢ ܒܒܠܝ̈ܐ. ܐܬܐ ܫܡܗ ܡܢ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܐܟܕ܀

ܐ
ܐܠܗܐ

[thumb|180px|ܨܘܪܬܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܬܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܒܝܕ [ܡܝܟܠܐܢܓܠܘ]]

**ܐܠܗܐ** ܦܫܝܛܐܝܬ ܗܘ ܒܪܘܝܐ ܕܬܐܒܝܠ ܒܬܘܕ̈ܝܬܐ܁ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܬܘܕ̈ܝܬܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܗܘܢ ܐܠܗ̈ܐ ܐܘ ܐܠܗ̈ܬܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܘܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܗܘܢ ܚܕ܁ ܫܡܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܐܝܬ ܒܟܠ ܬܘܕܝ ܐܒܪܗܡܝܐ ܐܘܟܝܬ ܝܗܘܕܝܘܬܐ ܘܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܘܐܣܠܐܡ܀

## ܝܗܘܕܝܘܬܐ
ܒܝܗܘܕܝܘܬܐ ܫܡܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܗܘ "**ܝܗܘܗ**" (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ יהוה‎) ܘܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܣܘܟܠܐ ܕܡܪܝܐ. ܝܗܘܕ̈ܘܝܐ ܠܐ ܐܡܪܝܢ ܫܡܗ ܕܝܗܘܗ܇ ܟܕ ܝܗܘܕ̈ܘܝܐ ܢܬܠܘܢ ܐܝܩܪܐ ܠܐܠܗܐ. ܥܠ ܗܕܐ ܐܠܗܐ ܐܬܩܪܐ "**ܐܠܘܗܝܡ**" (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ אֱלהִים)܀

## ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ
ܒܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܐܦ ܐܠܗܐ ܫܡܗ **ܝܗܘܗ**܁ ܐܠܗܐ ܒܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܕܒܓܘܐ ܗܘ ܬܠܝܬܝܘܬܐ ܒܪܡ ܚܕܚܕ̈ܢܐ ܡܫ̈ܝܚܝܐ ܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܠܐ ܬܠܝ̈ܬܝܐ܁ ܐܠܗܐ ܗܘ ܥܒܘܕܐ ܕܟܠ܇ ܘܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܐܒܐ ܫܡܝܢܐ ܕܟܠܗ̇ ܐܢܫܘܬܐ. ܒܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܗܘ ܐܦ ܐܠܗܐ ܐܠܐ ܐܝܟ ܒܪܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܒܬܠܝܬܝܘܬܐ. ܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܐܦ ܐܡܪܝܢ "**ܡܪܝܐ**" ܠܢܬܠܘܢ ܐܝܩܪܐ ܠܐܠܗܐ܀

## ܐܣܠܐܡ
ܒܐܣܠܐܡ ܫܡܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܢܬܩܪܐ "**ܐܠܠܗ**" (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ الله). ܐܬܟܬܒ ܗܘܐ ܫܡܐ ܗܢܐ ܒܟܬܒܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܕܐܣܠܐܡ ܩܘܪܐܢ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܬܘܕܝܬܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܗܘܕܝܘܬܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܣܠܐܡ
ܡܪܝ ܓܝܘܪܓܝܣ ܣܗܕܐ

**ܡܪܝ ܓܝܘܪܓܝܣ ܣܗܕܐ** (ܐܬܝܠܕ ܒܫܢܬ 275 ܐܘ 281 ܘܡܝܬ ܒ23 ܢܝܣܢ 303) ܗܘܐ ܝܘܢܝܐ ܡܢ ܐܢܛܘܠܝܐ (ܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܝܘܡܢܐ) ܘܐܣܛܪܛܝܘܛܐ ܒܓܝܣܐ ܪܗܘܡܝܐ ܘܗܘ ܣܗܕܐ ܕܬܘܕ̈ܝܬܐ ܕܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܘܕܐܣܠܐܡ. ܐܒܘܗܝ ܗܘܐ ܓܪܘܢܕܝܘܣ ܡܢ ܩܦܘܕܘܩܝܐ ܘܐܡܗ ܗܘܬ ܦܘܠܝܟܪܘܢܝܐ ܡܢ ܠܘܕ܀

ܡܪܝ ܓܝܘܪܓܝܣ ܣܗܕܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܩܕܝܫܐ ܒܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ
ܐܠܦܐ

**ܐܠܦܐ** ܗܝ/ܗܘ:

*Α܄ ܐܬܘܬܐ ܕܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܝܘܢܝܐ
*1000 (ܡܢܝܢܐ)
*ܣܦܝܢܬܐ
*ܬܘܪܐ ܦܣܝܩܐ
ܟܘܫ

**ܟܘܫ** ܐܘ **ܐܬܝܘܦܝܐ** (ܐܡܗܪܐܝܬ ኢትዮጵያ) ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܒܐܦܪܝܩܐ. ܟܘܫ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ̇ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܥܡ ܣܘܕܐܢ ܬܝܡܢܝܬܐ ܘܥܡ ܣܘܕܐܢ ܘܥܡ ܐܪܬܪܝܐ ܘܥܡ ܓܝܒܘܬܝ ܘܥܡ ܨܘܡܐܠ ܘܥܡ ܩܝܢܝܐ. ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܒܟܘܫ ܢܡܠܠܘܢ ܐܡܗܪܐܝܬ ܘܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ܀
ܨܝܢ

**ܨܝܢ** ܗܝ:

* ܨܝܢ (ܐܪܥܐ)
* ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܥܡܡܝܬܐ ܕܨܝܢ
* ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܨܝܢ
ܫܘܠܛܢܘܬܐ (ܫܘܬܐܣܐ)

**ܫܘܠܛܢܘܬܐ** ܗܝ ܫܘܬܐܣܐ ܦܘܠܝܛܝܩܝܐ ܕܟܢܫܐ ܕܒܪ̈ܢܫܐ ܕܒܐܝܕܝܗ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܘܕܒܘܪܝܐ ܕܐܬܪܐ ܐܘ ܐܘܚܕܢܐ܀
ܕܒܪܐ

[ܙܥܘܪܬܐ|300px|ܕܒܪܐ ܒ[ܦܪܢܣܐ]]

**ܕܒܪܐ** ܗܘ ܕܘܟܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܘܡܫܘܚܕܬܐ ܥܡܗ ܠܐ ܒܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܘܕ̈ܘܟܝܬܐ ܡܕ̈ܝܢܝܬܐ܀
ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ ܝܗܘܕܝܐ

**ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ ܝܗܘܕܝܐ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ عربية يهودية܆ ܥܒܪܐܝܬ ערבית יהודית) ܐܢܘܢ ܟܢܫܐ ܕܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ ܕܢܬܡܠܠܘܢ ܗܘܘ ܡܢ ܝܗܘܕ̈ܝܐ ܒܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܥܪ̈ܒܝܐ ܒܡܕܢܚܐ ܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܘܒܓܪܒܝ ܐܦܪܝܩܐ. ܫܡܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ ܝܗܘܕܝܐ ܐܦ ܗܘ ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ ܕܢܬܟܬܘܒ ܒܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܥܒܪܝܐ܀

ܥܪܒܝܐ ܝܗܘܕܝܐ
ܡܕܒܪܐ

[thumb|300px|ܡܕܒܪܐ ܪܒܐ ܕ[ܨܚܪܐܐ ܒܐܦܪܝܩܐ]]
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**ܡܕܒܪܐ** ܗܘ ܫܡܐ ܓܐܘܓܪܦܝܐ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܥܡ ܡܛܪܐ ܘܥܡ ܬܠܓܐ ܠܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ܂ ܡܕܒܪܐ ܗܘ ܕܘܟܬܐ ܥܡ ܡܛܪܐ ܐܘ ܬܠܓܐ ܒܨܝܪ ܡܢ 250 mm ܟܠ ܫܢܐ܀
ܓܙܐܐܪ

**ܓܙܐܐܪ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ: الجزائر) ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܒܐܦܪܝܩܐ܂ ܓܙܐܐܪ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܥܡ ܬܘܢܣܝܐ ܘܥܡ ܠܘܒܐ ܘܥܡ ܢܝܓܪ ܘܥܡ ܡܐܠܝ ܘܥܡ ܡܘܪܝܛܢܝܐ ܘܥܡ ܨܚܪܐܐ ܡܥܪܒܝܬܐ ܘܥܡ ܡܓܪܒ܂ ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܒܓܙܐܐܪ ܢܡܠܠܘܢ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ܀
ܐܝܣܛܢܒܘܠ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ)

[thumb|300px|ܐܝܣܛܢܒܘܠ ܘܡܥܒܪܬܐ ܕ[ܒܘܣܦܘܪܘܣ ܡܢ ܫܡܝܐ]]

**ܐܝܣܛܢܒܘܠ** (ܛܘܪܩܐܝܬ: İstanbul܄ ܒܝܘܢܝܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ: Κωνσταντινούπολις) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܒܛܘܪܩܝܐ. ܐܝܬ ܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ ܥܣܪܐ ܡܠܝܘܢܐ ܐܢܫ̈ܝܢ ܒܐܝܣܛܢܒܘܠ ܝܘܡܢܐ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
* ܐܝܣܛܢܒܘܠ (ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ)
* ܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܦܘܠܝܣ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܛܘܪܩܝܐ
ܟܢܥܢ

thumb|300px|ܨܘܪܬܐ ܕܟܢܥܢ

**ܟܢܥܢ** (ܟܢܥܢܐܝܬ ܘܥܒܪܐܝܬ: כנען܄ ܝܘܢܐܝܬ: Χαναάν܄ ܠܐܛܝܢܐܝܬ: Canaan܄ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ: کنعان) ܗܘ ܫܡܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ ܕܕܘܟܬܐ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܒܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܘܒܦܠܣܛܝܢ ܘܒܠܒܢܐܢ ܘܒܣܘܪܝܐ܂ ܬܢܟ (ܟܬܒܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܕܝܗܘܕܝܘܬܐ܄ ܕܝܬܝܩܝ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ) ܐܡܪ ܕܟܢܥܢ ܗܝ ܡܢ ܠܒܢܐܢ (ܩܕܡܐܝܬ ܡܢ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܨܝܕܢ) ܐܠܐ ܐܡܪ ܕ"ܐܪܥܐ ܕܟܢܥܢ" ܗܝ ܡܢ ܓܙܐ ܠ"ܪܓܠܬܐ ܕܡܨܪܝܢ" ܘܥܘܡܩܐ ܕܝܪܕܢ܂ ܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܥܡܡ̈ܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܒܗܕܐ ܕܘܟܬܐ ܕܬܝܡܢܐ܀
ܡܓܪܒ

**ܡܓܪܒ** ܐܘ **ܡܘܪܘܩܘ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ المغرب ܐܘܟܝܬ "ܡܥܪܒܐ"܆ ܐܡܐܙܝܓܐܝܬ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ) ܐܘ ܫܠܝܛܐܝܬ **ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܡܓܪܒܝܬܐ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ المملكة المغربية܆ ܐܡܐܙܝܓܐܝܬ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ) ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܒܦܢܝܬܐ ܕܡܓܪܒ ܒܓܪܒܝ ܡܥܪܒܐ ܕܐܦܪܝܩܐ. ܡܓܪܒ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ̇ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܥܡ ܓܙܐܐܪ ܒܡܕܢܚܐ ܘܥܡ ܨܚܪܐܐ ܡܥܪܒܝܬܐ ܒܬܝܡܢܐ. ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܒܡܓܪܒ ܢܡܠܠܘܢ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ ܘܐܡܐܙܝܓܐܝܬ܀
ܓܠܠܐ

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**ܓܠܠܐ** ܐܘ **ܓܠܐ** ܗܘ ܕܠܘܚܝܐ ܝܕ ܕܘܟܐ ܣܦܝܩܐ ܥܡ ܬܡܝܗܐ܂ ܓܠ̈ܠܐ ܐܥܠܘ ܬܡܝܗܐ ܡܼܢ ܚܕ ܕܘܟܐ ܥܠ ܚܕ ܐܚܪܢܐ܀
ܝܡܬܐ ܕܡܝܫܝܓܢ

thumb|200px|ܝܡܬܐ ܕܡܝܫܝܓܢ ܘܝܡܡ̈ܬܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܬܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܝܬܐ

**ܝܡܬܐ ܕܡܝܫܝܓܢ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ: Lake Michigan) ܗܝ ܚܕܐ ܝܡܐ ܕܚܡܫ ܝܡܡ̈ܬܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܬܐ ܒܐܘܚܕ̈ܢܐ ܡܚܝܕ̈ܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܡܡܬܐ
ܝܡܡܬܐ ܪܘܪܒܬܐ

thumb|350px|ܝܡܡ̈ܬܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܬܐ ܡܢ ܫܡܝܐ

**ܝܡܡ̈ܬܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܬܐ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ Great Lakes) ܐܢܝܢ ܟܢܫܐ ܕܚܡܫ ܝܡܡ̈ܢ ܒܐܡܪܝܩܐ ܓܪܒܝܝܬܐ ܥܠ ܐܘ ܩܪ̈ܝܒܢ ܠܬܚܘܡܐ ܒܝܢܬ ܩܢܕܐ ܘܐܘܚܕ̈ܢܐ ܡܚܝܕ̈ܐ. ܫܡܗ̈ܐ ܕܝܡܡ̈ܬܐ ܡܢ ܡܥܪܒܐ ܠܡܕܢܚܐ ܐܢܘܢ: ܝܡܬܐ ܕܣܘܦܝܪܝܘܪ܄ ܝܡܬܐ ܕܡܝܫܝܓܢ܄ ܝܡܬܐ ܕܝܘܪܘܢ܄ ܝܡܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܝ܄ ܘܝܡܬܐ ܕܐܘܢܛܪܝܘ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܡܡܬܐ
ܕܝܢܐ (ܡܬܐ)

**ܕܝܢܐ** ܗܝ ܡܬܐ ܒܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܐܪܒܠ ܒܓܪܒܝܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ܇ ܥܡܪ ܒܗܢܐ ܡܬܐ ܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܘܩܪ̈ܕܘܝܐ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
* ܒܬܣܐ
* ܗܒܕܝܢ
* ܗܪܝܪ
* ܕܪܒܢܕܘܟܐ

## ܣܗܕܘܬܐ
* http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IZ/11/Diyanah.html
ܣܕܪܐ:ܩܘܪܝܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ
ܕܝܢܐ

**ܕܝܢܐ** ܗܝ:

*ܕܝܢܐ (ܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ)
*ܕܝܢܐ (ܡܬܐ)
*ܒܝܬ ܕܝܢܐ
*ܕܝܢܐ (ܩܢܘܢܝܐ)
ܕܡܐ

thumb|300px|ܩܠܝ̈ܬܐ ܕܕܡܐ ܡܢ ܩܘܪܒܐ: ܩܠܝܬܐ ܕܡܐ ܣܡܘܩܬܐ ܒܣܡܠܐ ܘܨܦܝܚܬܐ ܕܡܢܝܬܐ ܒܡܨܥܬܐ ܘܩܠܝܬܐ ܕܕܡܐ ܚܘܪܬܐ ܒܝܡܝܢܐ

**ܕܡܐ** ܗܘ ܕܝܘܒܐ ܣܘܡܩܐ ܐܢܢܩܝܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܒܓܘܫܡܐ ܕܒܢܝܢܫ̈ܐ ܘܕܫܪܟܐ ܕܚܝܘ̈ܬܐ. ܕܡܐ ܪܕܐ ܒܫܪ̈ܝܢܐ ܘܒܘܪ̈ܝܕܐ ܘܒܗ ܩܝܡܝܢ ܚܝ̈ܐ ܕܦܓܪܐ܀

## ܡܪܟܒܘܬܐ ܕܕܡܐ
ܡܬܪܟܒ ܕܡܐ 55% ܦܠܙܡܐ ܕܕܡܐ ܘ45% ܩܠܝ̈ܬܐ ܕܕܡܐ ܡܢܗܝܢ ܩܠܝ̈ܬܐ ܕܕܡܐ ܚܘܪ̈ܬܐ ܘܩܠܝ̈ܬܐ ܕܕܡܐ ܣܡܘܩ̈ܬܐ ܘܨܦܝܚ̈ܬܐ ܕ̈ܡܢܝܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܘܠܦܢ ܨܪܘܝܘܬܐ
ܥܝܢܐ (ܝܘܠܦܢ ܨܪܘܝܘܬܐ)

thumb|300px|ܥܝܢܐ ܕܐܢܫܐ 

**ܥܝܢܐ** (ܟܢܘܫܝܐ: **ܥܝܢ̈ܐ** ܐܘ **ܥܝܢ̈ܬܐ**) ܗܝ ܗܕܡܐ ܕܚܙܝܬܐ ܕܩܒܝܥܐ ܗܝ ܒܪܝܫܐ. ܢܘܗܪܐ ܡܥܠ ܒܥܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܒܒܬܐ ܘܒܬܪܟܢ ܐܦܠ ܥܠ ܢܫܒܐ ܕܥܝܢܐ܀

## ܗܕ̈ܡܐ ܕܥܝܢܐ
* ܥܘܩܒܪܬܐ ܕܥܝܢܐ
* ܚܘܪܐ ܕܥܝܢܐ
* ܩܪܢܐ ܪܡܬܐ
* ܚܠܒܐ ܕܓܝܕܐ
* ܐܘܟܡܐ ܕܥܝܢܐ
* ܒܒܬܐ ܕܥܝܢܐ
* ܛܠܦܚܬܐ ܕܥܝܢܐ
* ܢܫܒܐ ܕܥܝܢܐ
* ܡܘܡܐ ܫܥܘܬܐ
* ܡܘܡܐ ܣܡܝܐ
* ܘܪܝܕܐ ܕܥܝܢܐ
* ܗܕܡܐ ܙܓܘܓܝܬܢܝܐ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܘܠܦܢ ܨܪܘܝܘܬܐ
*
ܗܒܕܝܢ

**ܗܒܕܝܢ** ܗܝ ܡܬܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܒܥܝܪܐܩ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
* ܒܬܣܐ
* ܕܝܢܐ
* ܕܪܒܢܕܘܟܐ
* ܗܪܝܪ

## ܡܒܘ̈ܥܐ
* http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IZ/11/Hawdiyan.html
ܣܕܪܐ:ܩܘܪܝܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ
ܝܡܬܐ

thumb|250px|ܝܡܬܐ
[thumb|250px|ܝܡܬܐ ܒ[ܛܘܪܐ|ܛܘܪ̈ܐ ܒܩܢܕܐ]]

**ܝܡܬܐ** (ܟܢܘܫܝܐ: **ܝܡ̈ܡܬܐ**) ܗܝ ܕܘܟܬܐ ܕܬܟܢܘܫ ܡܝ̈ܐ ܒܐܪܥܐ܂ ܝܡܬܐ ܒܨܝܪ ܙܥܘܪܐ ܡܢ ܝܡܐ܀

*
ܨܠܝܒܐ

upright|thumb|ܨܠܝܒܐ ܠܐܛܝܢܝܐ

**ܨܠܝܒܐ** ܗܘ ܙܩܝܦܐ ܘܛܘܦܣܐ ܕܬܘܕܝܬܐ ܕܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܘܡܫܝܚܗ ܝܫܘܥ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ
ܨܘܒܐ

[thumb|300px|ܥܘܡܪܐ ܕ[ܡܪܝ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܒܨܘܒܐ]]

**ܨܘܒܐ** ܐܘ **ܢܨܝܒܝܢ** ܐܘ **ܡܓܕܘܢܝܐ** (ܛܘܪܩܐܝܬ: Nusaybin) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ ܒܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ ܥܠܝܬܐ܂ ܗܫܝܐ ܗܕܐ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܝ ܒܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܒܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܡܪܕܝܢ܂ ܫܒܒܬܐ ܕܩܡܫܠܝ ܒܣܘܪܝܐ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
* ܩܡܫܠܝ
* ܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ
* ܕܝܪܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܐܘܓܝܢ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ
ܙܝܓܡܘܢܕ ܦܪܘܝܕ

thumb|left|ܙܝܓܡܘܢܕ ܦܪܘܝܕ

**ܙܝܓܡܘܢܕ ܦܪܘܝܕ** (ܓܪܡܢܐܝܬ: Sigmund Freud܄ 1856-1939) ܗܘܐ ܦܣܝܟܝܐܛܪܝܝܐ ܝܗܘܕܝܐ-ܢܡܣܝܐ ܘܒܪܘܝܐ ܕܦܣܝܟܘܐܢܠܝܣܐ ܕܦܣܝܟܘܠܘܓܝܐ܀
ܛܘܪܐ

[thumb|350px|[ܕܡܐܒܢܕ܄ ܛܘܪܐ ܒܐܝܪܐܢ]]

**ܛܘܪܐ** ܗܘ ܕܘܟܐ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܪܡܬܐ܂ ܛܘܪ̈ܐ ܢܦܪܣܘܢ ܥܠ 54% ܕܐܣܝܐ ܘܥܠ 36% ܕܐܡܪܝܩܐ ܓܪܒܝܝܬܐ ܘܥܠ 25% ܕܐܘܪܘܦܐ ܘܥܠ 22% ܕܐܡܪܝܩܐ ܬܝܡܢܝܬܐ ܘܥܠ 17% ܕܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ ܘܥܠ 3% ܕܐܦܪܝܩܐ܂ 24% ܕܟܠܗ ܐܪܥܐ ܗܝ ܛܘܪ̈ܐ ܘ10% ܕܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܢܥܡܪܘܢ ܒܕ̈ܘܟܝܬܐ ܕܛܘܪ̈ܐ܀
ܢܗܪܐ

[thumb|350px|ܢܗܪܐ ܒ[ܓܪܡܢ]]

**ܢܗܪܐ** (ܟܢܘܫܝܐ ܕܒܨܝܪܘܬܐ: **ܢܗܪ̈ܐ**܄ ܟܢܘܫܝܐ ܕܝܬܝܪܘܬܐ: **ܢܗܪ̈ܘܬܐ**) ܗܘ ܐܘܪܚܐ ܪܕܝܬܐ ܟܝܢܝܬܐ ܕܡܝ̈ܐ ܡܢ ܐܪܥܐ ܪܡܬܐ ܠܐܪܥܐ ܬܚܬܝܬܐ܀
ܢܝܠܘܣ

[thumb|200px|ܢܝܠܘܣ ܒ[ܡܨܪܝܢ]]

**ܢܝܠܘܣ** ܐܘ **ܢܝܠ** (ܡܢ ܝܘܢܐܝܬ ܥܬܝܩܐ: Νεῖλος܄ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ: النيل‎) ܗܘ ܢܗܪܐ ܪܒܐ ܒܐܦܪܝܩܐ ܘܢܗܪܐ ܐܪܝܟ ܡܢ ܟܠ ܒܐܪܥܐ܂ ܠܢܝܠܘܣ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܬܪܝܢ ܢܗܪ̈ܘܢ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܝܢ: ܢܝܠܘܣ ܚܘܪܐ ܘܢܝܠܘܣ ܙܪܩܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܢܗܪܘܬܐ
ܡܘܬܐ

[thumb|300px|ܨܘܪܬܐ ܕܡܘܬܐ (ܒܝܕ [ܦܝܛܪ ܒܪܘܝܓܠ ܩܫܝܫܐ)]]

**ܡܘܬܐ** ܗܘ ܫܠܐ ܕܚܝ̈ܐ܀
ܬܫܐܕ

**ܬܫܐܕ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ: تشاد܄ ܦܪܢܣܐܝܬ: Tchad) ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܒܐܦܪܝܩܐ܂ ܬܫܐܕ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܥܡ ܣܘܕܐܢ ܘܥܡ ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܐܦܪܝܩܐ ܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܘܥܡ ܩܐܡܪܘܢ ܘܥܡ ܢܝܓܪܝܐ ܘܥܡ ܢܝܓܪ ܘܥܡ ܠܘܒܐ܂ ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܒܬܫܐܕ ܢܡܠܠܘܢ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ ܘܦܪܢܣܐܝܬ܀
ܢܘܪܐ (ܕܠܩܐ)

thumb|250px|ܫܠܗܒܝܬܐ ܕܢܘܪܐ 

**ܢܘܪܐ** (ܟܢܘܫܝܐ: **ܢܘܪ̈ܐ** ܐܘ **ܢܘܪ̈ܬܐ** ܐܘ **ܢܘܪ̈ܘܬܐ**) ܗܝ ܣܥܘܪܘܬܐ ܢܗܝܪܬܐ ܕܐܐܪ ܕܬܒܪܐ ܢܘܗܪܐ ܘܚܘܡܐ ܘܬܢܢܐ܀
ܣܘܕܐܢ

**ܣܘܕܐܢ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ السودان܆ ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ Sudan) ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܒܐܦܪܝܩܐ. ܣܘܕܐܢ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ̇ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܥܡ ܡܨܪܝܢ ܘܥܡ ܐܪܬܪܝܐ ܘܥܡ ܟܘܫ ܘܥܡ ܣܘܕܐܢ ܬܝܡܢܝܬܐ ܘܥܡ ܩܝܢܝܐ ܘܥܡ ܐܘܓܢܕܐ ܘܥܡ ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܝܡܘܩܪܛܝܬܐ ܕܩܘܢܓܘ ܘܥܡ ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܐܦܪܝܩܐ ܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܘܥܡ ܬܫܐܕ ܘܥܡ ܠܘܒܐ. ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܒܣܘܕܐܢ ܢܡܠܠܘܢ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ܀
ܢܝܓܪ

**ܢܝܓܪ** (ܦܪܢܣܐܝܬ: Niger) ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܒܐܦܪܝܩܐ܂ ܢܝܓܪ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܥܡ ܬܫܐܕ ܘܥܡ ܢܝܓܪܝܐ ܘܥܡ ܒܢܝܢ ܘܥܡ ܒܘܪܩܝܢܐ ܦܐܣܘ ܘܥܡ ܡܐܠܝ ܘܥܡ ܓܙܐܐܪ ܘܥܡ ܠܘܒܐ܂ ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܒܢܝܓܪ ܢܡܠܠܘܢ ܦܪܢܣܐܝܬ܂ ܫܡܐ ܕܢܝܓܪ ܐܬܐ ܡܢ ܢܗܪܐ ܕܢܝܓܪ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܢܝܓܪ
ܙܘܥܐ (ܩܢܘܢܐ ܕܠܥܙܐ)

**ܙܘܥ̈ܐ** ܐܘ **ܢܩܫܬ̈ܐ** ܗܢܘܢ ܢܘܩܙ̈ܐ ܕܡܬܬܣܝܡܝܢ ܠܥܠ ܐܘ ܠܬܚܬ ܡܢ ܐܬܘܬ̈ܐ ܘܡܫܬܓܢܝܢ ܩܠܝܗܘܢ܀

## ܙܘܥ̈ܐ ܡܕ̈ܢܚܝܐ
ܥܠ ܐܬܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ
*ܦܬܚܐ (ܒܲ)
*ܙܩܦܐ (ܒܵ)
*ܙܠܡܐ ܦܫܝܩܐ (ܒܸ)
*ܙܠܡܐ ܩܫܝܐ (ܒܹ)
*ܪܒܨܐ (ܒܘܼ)
*ܪܘܚܐ (ܒܘܿ)
*ܚܒܨܐ (ܒܝܼ)

## ܙܘܥ̈ܐ ܡܥܪ̈ܒܝܐ
ܥܠ ܐܬܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ
*ܦܬܚܐ (ܒܰ)
*ܙܩܦܐ (ܒܳ)
*ܪܒܨܐ (ܒܶ)
*ܥܨܨܐ (ܒܽܘ)
*ܚܒܨܐ (ܒܺܝ)

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
* ܣܝܡܐ (ܢܘܩܙܐ)

ܣܕܪܐ:ܩܢܘܢܐ ܕܠܥܙܐ
ܥܢܢܐ

[thumbnail|400px|ܥܢܢܐ ܒ[ܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ (ܐܬܪܐ)|ܐܘܣܛܪܠܝܐ]]

**ܥܢܢܐ** ܗܝ ܓܒܝܠܬܐ ܕܛܘ̈ܦܬܐ ܒܐܐܪ ܥܠ ܦܐܬܐ ܕܐܪܥܐ. ܬܬܩܪܐ ܥܢܢܐ ܥܠܥܠܢܝܬܐ ܥܝܒܐ܀
ܡܐܠܝ

**ܡܐܠܝ** (ܦܪܢܣܐܝܬ: Mali) ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܒܐܦܪܝܩܐ܂ ܡܐܠܝ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܥܡ ܡܘܪܝܛܢܝܐ ܘܥܡ ܓܙܐܐܪ ܘܥܡ ܢܝܓܪ ܘܥܡ ܒܘܪܟܝܢܐ ܦܣܘ ܘܥܡ ܚܘܦܐ ܕܫܢܐ ܘܥܡ ܓܝܢܐܐ ܘܥܡ ܣܢܓܠ܂ ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܒܡܐܠܝ ܢܡܠܠܘܢ ܦܪܢܣܐܝܬ܀
ܒܓܕܝܕܐ

**ܒܓܕܝܕܐ** ܐܘ **ܒܟܕܝܕܐ** ܗܝ ܡܬܐ ܐܝܟ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܢܦܠܐ ܒܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ ܓܪܒܝ ܡܥܪܒ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ. ܣܘܓܐܐܗ ܡܢ ܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܟܠܕܝܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܆ ܘ ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܡܬܡܠܠ ܒܗ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܝܘܡܢܐ ܆ ܘܥܬܝܕܗ̱ܘ ܕܬܗܘܐ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕ ܩܠܝܡܐ ܕ(ܕܫܬܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ) ܐܘܟܝܬ (ܦܩܥ̈ܬܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ). ܐܢ ܨܒܐ ܡܪܢ. ܘܝܘܡܢܐ ܐܝܬܝܗ ܩܢܛܪܘܢܐ ܕ ܐܬܪܐ ܕ(ܚܡܕܐܢܝܐ) ܐܘ (ܩܪܗ ܩܘܫ)܀

ܕܘܟܬܐ ܪܘܫܡܝܬܐ ܥܠ ܢܘܠܐ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܩܘܪܝܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ
ܠܫܢܐ ܩܪܕܘܝܐ

**ܠܫܢܐ ܩܪܕܘܝܐ** ܐܘ **ܠܫܢܐ ܟܘܪܕܝܐ** (ܟܘܪܕܐܝܬ: **Kurdî**, **کوردی**) ܗܘ ܠܫܢܐ ܕܢܬܡܠܠ ܡܢ ܩܪܕ̈ܘܝܐ ܒܐܬܪ̈ܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ ܘܕܣܘܪܝܐ ܘܕܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܘܕܐܝܪܐܢ܀

ܩܪܕܘܝܐ
ܝܘܗܐܢ ܓܘܛܢܒܪܓ

thumb|ܝܘܗܐܢ ܓܘܛܢܒܪܓ

**ܝܘܗܐܢ ܓܢܣܦܠܝܫ ܬܣܘܪ ܠܕܢ ܬܣܘܡ ܓܘܛܢܒܪܓ** (ܓܪܡܢܐܝܬ Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg) ܗܘܐ ܨܪܦܐ ܓܪܡܢܝܐ ܘܒܪܘܝܐ ܕܡܐܟܢܐ ܕܟܬܒܐ܀
ܐܢܕܪܢܝܩ ܡܐܪܓܐܪܝܐܢ

ܙܥܘܪܬܐ|ܐܢܕܪܢܝܩ ܡܐܪܓܐܪܝܐܢ

**ܐܢܕܪܢܝܩ ܡܐܪܓܐܪܝܐܢ** (ܐܪܡܢܐܝܬ Անդրանիկ Մարգարյան) ܗܘܐ ܪܝܫܐ ܡܗܕܝܢܐ ܕܐܪܡܢܝܐ ܡܢ 12 ܒܐܝܪ 2000 ܠܡܘܬܗ ܒ25 ܒܐܕܪ 2007. ܗܘܐ ܗܕܡܐ ܕܓܒܐ ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܝܐ ܕܐܪܡܢܝܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܢܫܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܪܡܢܝܐ
ܩܘܢܦܘܫܝܘܣ

thumb|ܨܘܪܬܐ ܕܩܘܢܦܘܫܝܘܣ

**ܩܘܢܦܘܫܝܘܣ** (ܨܝܢܐܝܬ: 孔子 ܐܘ 孔夫子܄ "ܡܪܐ ܩܘܢܓ") ܗܘܐ ܦܝܠܘܣܘܦܐ ܨܝܢܝܐ ܕܝܘܠܦܢ̈ܘܗܝ ܪܘܪܒܐܝܬ ܓܒܠܘ ܠܐܣܝܐ ܡܕܢܚܝܬܐ܂ ܐܬܝܠܕ ܗܘܐ ܒܫܢܬܐ ܕ551 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܒܠܘ ܘܡܝܬ ܒܫܢܬܐ ܕ479 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ܀
ܨܘܪ

thumb|300px|ܥܡܘܕ̈ܐ ܛܡܝܫ̈ܐ ܥܬܝܩ̈ܐ ܥܡ ܒܢܝܢ̈ܐ ܚܕ̈ܬܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܝܘܡܢܐ ܒܒܣܬܪܐ
[thumbnail|200px|[ܐܙܓܐ ܕܙܟܘܬܐ (ܨܘܪ)|ܐܙܓܐ ܕܙܟܘܬܐ ܒܨܘܪ]]

**ܨܘܪ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ صُور܆ ܦܘܢܝܩܐܝܬ 𐤑𐤓܆ ܝܘܢܐܝܬ Τύρος) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܠܒܢܢ ܩܪܝܒܬܐ ܠܨܝܕܢ ܘܚܕܐ ܡܢ ܡܕ̈ܝܢܬܐ ܥܬܝܩ̈ܬܐ ܕܐܡܝܢܐܝܬ ܡܬܥܡܪܢ ܒܥܠܡܐ. ܐܝܬ ܡܐܬܐ ܘܫܒܥܣܪ ܐܠܦ̈ܝܢ ܐܢܫ̈ܝܢ ܕܥܡܪ̈ܝܢ ܒܨܘܪ ܝܘܡܢܐ. ܣܘܟܠܐ ܕܫܡܗ̇ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ "ܟܐܦܐ"܀

ܨܘܪ ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܦܘܢܝܩܝܬܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ. ܝܘܡܢܐ ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܪܒܝܥܝܬܐ ܒܠܒܢܢ ܒܬܪ ܒܝܪܘܬ ܘܒܬܪ ܛܪܝܦܘܠܝܣ ܘܒܬܪ ܨܝܕܢ ܘܐܝܬ ܠܗ̇ ܠܡܐܢܐ ܪܒܐ ܕܡܬܩܪܐ ܒܫܡܗ ܦܪܢܣܝܐ Soûr܀܀܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܠܒܢܢ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܠܒܢܢ
ܡܘܪܝܛܢܝܐ

**ܡܘܪܝܛܢܝܐ** ܐܘ **ܡܘܪܝܬܢܝܐ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ: موريتانيا) ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܒܐܦܪܝܩܐ܂ ܡܘܪܝܛܢܝܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܥܡ ܨܚܪܐܐ ܡܥܪܒܝܬܐ ܘܥܡ ܓܙܐܐܪ ܘܥܡ ܡܐܠܝ ܘܥܡ ܣܢܓܠ܂ ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܒܡܘܪܝܛܢܝܐ ܢܡܠܠܘܢ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ܀
ܟܝܡܪܐ

thumb|250px|ܨܘܪܬܐ ܕܟܝܡܪܐ ܒܦܝܢܟܐ

**ܟܝܡܪܐ** (ܝܘܢܐܝܬ: Χίμαιρα܄ ܠܐܛܝܢܐܝܪ: Chimaera) ܗܝ ܒܥܝܪܐ ܕܠܘܩܝܐ ܒܐܢܛܘܠܝܐ ܒܡܝܬܘܠܘܓܝܐ ܝܘܢܝܬܐ ܥܡ ܦܓܪܐ ܕܕܡܐ ܠܚܝܘ̈ܬܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܬܐ܂ ܟܝܡܪܐ ܗܘܬ ܚܕܐ ܒܪܐ ܕܛܝܦܘܢ ܘܕܐܟܝܕܢܐ ܘܚܬܗܘܢ ܕܬܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܕܩܪܒܪܘܣ ܘܕܗܝܕܪܐ ܠܪܢܝܐ܀
ܟܘܟܒܐ

[thumb|450px|ܟܘܟ̈ܒܐ ܕܦܘܣܩܢܐ ܕ[ܟܝܡܐ]] 

**ܟܘܟܒܐ** ܗܘ ܓܘܫܡܐ ܢܗܝܪܐ ܪܒܐ ܕܦܠܙܡܐ ܒܬܐܒܝܠ. ܐܝܟܢܐ ܫܡܫܐ ܗܝ ܟܘܟܒܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܣܛܪܘܢܘܡܝܐ
ܦܠܣܛܝܢ

thumb|200px|ܐܪܥܐ ܕܦܠܣܛܝܢ ܡܢ ܫܡܝܐ ܒܫܢܬܐ ܕ2003

**ܦܠܣܛܝܢ** (ܡܢ ܠܐܛܝܢܐܝܬ: Palaestina܄ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ: فلسطين܄ ܥܒܪܐܝܬ: פלסטין) ܗܝ ܚܕ ܫܡ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܐ ܕܝܘܪܕܢܢ ܘܒܝܬ ܝܡܐ ܡܨܥܝܐ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
* ܟܢܥܢ
* ܝܗܘܕ
* ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ



be-x-old:Палестына

zh-min-nan:Filastiniyya
ܡܕܝܕ

thumb|300px|ܥܘܡܪܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܒܡܕܝܕ
**ܡܕܝܕ** (ܛܘܪܩܐܝܬ: Midyat܄ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ: ‎‎مدياد) ܐܝܬܝܗ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܙܥܘܪܬܐ ܒܬܝܡܢ-ܡܕܢܚ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ܆ ܒܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܡܪܕܝܢ ܫܒܒܬܐ ܕܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕ ܫܝܪܢܐܟ܆ ܩܪܝܒܬܐ ܡܢ ܢܨܝܒܝܢ ܥܠ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܕ ܩܡܫܠܝ ܒܐܬܪܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܐ܆ ܘܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܥܡܘܪ̈ܐ ܕܣܠܩ ܡܢܝܢܗܘܢ ܠܫܒܥܝܢ ܐܠܦܝ̈ܐ܂ ܒܪܝܫܝܬ ܣܛܪ ܡܢ ܚܕܚܕ̈ܢܝܢ ܕܥܡܘܪ̈ܐ ܕܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܗܘܘ ܟܘܪܕܝܐ ܡܫܠܡܢ̈ܐ܆ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܘܡܫܝ̈ܚܝܐ ܗܘܘ܂ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܒܠܚܘܕ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܐܝܟ 120 ܝܩܪ̈ܬܐ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܬܐ ܚܝ̈ܢ ܒܡܕܝܕ܂ ܡܗܠ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܪܘܝܚܬܐ ܡܨܬܘܢ ܕܬܚܘܪܘܢ ܠܕܐܦܐ ܕܢܘܠܐ ܕܠܬܚܬ܀

## ܡܕܝܕ
ܡܕܝܕ ܐܘ ܡܕܝܬ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܢܩܦܐ ܠܡܪܥܝܬܐ ܕܩܠܝܡܐ ܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ ܝܘܡܢܐ. ܘܗܝ ܐܝܬܝܗ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕܡܪܥܝܬܐ ܕܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ܀

ܚܝܐ ܒܗ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܪܒܐ ܡܢ ܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܒܝܬ ܣܓܝܐܘܬܐ ܕܡܫܠܡܢܘܬܐ ܘܬܘܒ ܒܝܢܬܗܘܢ ܐܝܙܝܕܝܐ (ܫܠܟܝ̈ܐ)܀

ܘܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܝܘܡܢܐ ܡܬܡܠܠ ܘܡܬܗܪܓ ܒܗ܆ ܘܠܐ ܬܕܡܪܘܢ ܐܢ ܬܫܡܥܘܢܝܗ ܡܢ ܡܫܠܡܢ̈ܐ (ܐܣܠܐܡ) ܘܐܝܙܝܕܝܐ ܬܘܒ܀

## ܡܒܘ̈ܥܐ
ܟܬܒܐ ܕܡܟܬܒܙܒܢܐ ܕܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ ܕܬܠܝܬܝ ܛܘ̈ܒܐ ܡܪܝ ܐܝܓܢܐܛܝܘܣ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܒܪܨܘܡ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*ܐܙܟ
*ܩܡܫܠܝ
*ܕܝܪܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܓܒܪܐܝܠ
*ܕܝܪܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܐܘܓܝܢ

## ܐܣܘܪ̈ܐ ܒܪ̈ܝܐ
* Midyat.net ܡܕܝܕ ܥܠ ܢܘܠܐ 

ܣܕܪܐ:ܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܛܘܪܩܝܐ
ܣܢܚܪܝܒ

[thumb|350px|"ܟܫܠܐ ܕܣܢܚܪܝܒ" ܒܝܕ [ܦܝܛܪ ܦܐܘܠ ܪܘܒܢܣ]]

**ܣܢܚܪܝܒ** (ܐܟܕܐܝܬ Sïn-aḥḥē-erība "ܣܝܢ ܚܠܦ ܐܚ̈ܐ") ܗܘܐ ܒܪܐ ܕܣܪܓܘܢ ܬܪܝܢܐ ܘܡܠܟܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ ܡܢ ܫܢ̈ܝ 705 ܥܕܡܐ ܠ681 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܠܟܐ
ܓܐܘܓܪܦܝܐ

thumb|ܨܘܪܬ ܥܠܡܐ ܕܐܪܥܐ

**ܓܐܘܓܪܦܝܐ** (ܡܢ ܝܘܢܝܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ: γεωγραφία) ܐܘ **ܡܟܬܒܢܘܬ ܐܪܥܐ** ܗܝ ܝܘܠܦܢ ܐܪܥܐ ܘܚܙܘܗ ܘܓܕܫܗ ܟܝܢܝ̈ܐ ܘܐܢܫܝ̈ܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܟܬܒܢܘܬ ܐܪܥܐ
ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ

**ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ** ܐܘ **ܐܝܣܪܝܠ** ܐܘ **ܝܣܪܝܠ** ܐܘ **ܝܣܪܐܠ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ יִשְׂרָאֵל‎܆ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ إِسْرَائِيل‎) ܐܘ ܫܠܝܛܐܝܬ **ܐܬܪܐ ܕܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל‎܆ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل‎) ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܒܐܣܝܐ ܡܥܪܒܝܬܐ ܒܣܦܪ ܝܡܐ ܡܕܢܚܝܐ ܕܝܡܐ ܚܘܪܐ ܡܨܥܝܐ. ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ̇ ܬܚܘܡ̈ܐ ܥܡ ܠܒܢܢ ܘܥܡ ܣܘܪܝܐ ܘܥܡ ܝܘܪܕܢܢ ܘܥܡ ܦܠܣܛܝܢ ܘܥܡ ܡܨܪܝܢ. ܢܡܠܠܘܢ ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܒܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܥܒܪܐܝܬ ܘܥܪܒܐܝܬ. ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܥܡܘܪ̈ܐ ܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ 8,000,000. ܣܓܝܘܬ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܝܗܘܕ̈ܝܐ܆ ܟܐ ܣܝܘܡ ܐܘ ܐܬܪܐ ܕܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܗܘ ܐܬܪܐ ܝܚܝܕܝܐ ܕܝܗܘܕ̈ܝܐ. ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܗܘܬ ܒܝܬܐ ܠܡܫܠܡܢ̈ܐ ܘܠܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܘܠܕܪ̈ܘܙܝܐ ܘܠܬܘܕ̈ܝܬܐ ܡܫܚܠܦܬ̈ܐ. ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܗܝ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ܀

## ܬܫܥܝܬܐ
ܝܬܘܒܐ ܝܗܘܕܝܐ ܒܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܩܕܝܡ ܫܢܝܢ ܗܘܐ ܝܬܝܪ. ܒܫܢܬ 66 ܐܬܘ ܪ̈ܗܘܡܝܐ ܘܛܪܕܘ ܒܩܫܝܘܬ ܠܒܐ ܣܓܝܐܐ ܠܝܗܘܕ̈ܝܐ ܡܢ ܐܪܥܗܘܢ܀


Jerusalem-Klagemauer-08-2010-gje.jpg|ܐܘܪܫܠܡ
Akko-46-Saeulenkarawanserei-2010-gje.jpg|ܥܟܘ
Safed-04-Bogen-Mann-2010-gje.jpg|ܨܘܦܬ
Nazareth-Griechisch-orthodoxe Verkuendigungskirche-04-2010-gje.jpg|ܢܨܪܬ
Kafarnaum-12-Synagoge-Bundeslade-2010-gje.jpg|ܟܦܪܢܚܘܡ
Jordantal-02-Berge-2010-gje.jpg|ܥܘܡܩܐ ܕܝܘܪܕܢܢ
Totes Meer-Kalia Beach-18-Schlammbad-2010-gje.jpg|ܝܡܐ ܕܡܠܚܐ
Kibbuz Sha'ar HaGolan-40-Sabbatfeier-2010-gje.jpg|ܩܒܘܨ ܫܥܪ ܗܓܘܠܢ
ܝܡܬܐ ܕܣܘܦܝܪܝܘܪ

thumb|200px|ܝܡܬܐ ܕܣܘܦܝܪܝܘܪ ܘܝܡܡ̈ܬܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܬܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܝܬܐ
ܙܥܘܪܬܐ|alt=170|ܝܡܬܐ ܕܣܘܦܝܪܝܘܪ
**ܝܡܬܐ ܕܣܘܦܝܪܝܘܪ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ Lake Superior) ܗܝ ܚܕܐ ܝܡܐ ܡܢ ܚܡܫ ܝܡܡ̈ܬܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܬܐ ܒܩܢܕܐ ܘܒܐܘܚܕ̈ܢܐ ܡܚܝܕ̈ܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܡܡܬܐ
ܝܡܬܐ ܕܝܘܪܘܢ

thumb|200px|ܝܡܬܐ ܕܝܘܪܘܢ ܘܝܡܡ̈ܬܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܬܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܝܬܐ

**ܝܡܬܐ ܕܝܘܪܘܢ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ Lake Huron) ܗܝ ܚܕܐ ܝܡܐ ܕܚܡܫ ܝܡܡ̈ܬܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܬܐ ܒܩܢܕܐ ܘܒܐܘܚܕ̈ܢܐ ܡܚܝܕ̈ܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܡܡܬܐ
ܝܡܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܝ

thumb|200px|ܝܡܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܝ ܘܝܡܡ̈ܬܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܬܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܝܬܐ

**ܝܡܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܝ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ Lake Erie) ܗܝ ܚܕܐ ܝܡܐ ܕܚܡܫ ܝܡܡ̈ܬܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܬܐ ܒܩܢܕܐ ܘܒܐܘܚܕ̈ܢܐ ܡܚܝܕ̈ܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܡܡܬܐ
ܐܢܛܪܢܛ

**ܐܢܛܪܢܛ** ܐܘ **ܢܘܠܐ** ܗܘ ܫܒܟܐ ܐܘ ܢܘܠܐ ܕܡܬܬܡܛܝܢܘܬܐ ܕܟܘܡܦܝܘܬܪ̈ܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܚܫܘܒܐ
ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ

**ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ** ܐܘ **ܟܪܣܛܝܢܘܬܐ** ܐܘ **ܟܪܝܣܛܝܢܘܬܐ** (ܡܢ ܝܘܢܝܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ Xριστός "ܡܫܝܚܐ") ܗܝ ܬܘܕܝܬܐ ܒܪܝܬܐ ܡܢ ܚܝ̈ܘܗܝ ܘܝܘܠܦܢ̈ܘܗܝ ܕܝܫܘܥ ܢܨܪܝܐ. ܡܫܝ̈ܚܝܐ (ܐܘ ܟܪ̈ܣܛܝܢܐ ܐܘ ܟܪ̈ܝܣܛܝܢܐ) ܢܗܝܡܢܘܢ ܒܬܠܝܬܝܘܬܐ ܩܕܝܫܬܐ. ܐܝܬ ܒܝܬ ܚܕ ܘܦܠܓܐ ܠܬܪܝܢ ܒ̈ܠܝܘܢܐ ܡܫܝ̈ܚܝܝܢ ܒܥܠܡܐ. ܐܦ ܗܝ ܬܘܕܝܬܐ ܝܬܝܪܐ ܦܪܝܣܬܐ ܒܥܠܡܐ܀


ܣܕܪܐ:ܬܘܕܝܬܐ
ܥܘܕ

[ܙܥܘܪܬܐ|300px|ܥܘܕ [ܣܘܪܝܐ|ܫܐܡܝܐ ܕܐܬܥܒܕ ܡܢ ܥܒܕܘ ܢܚܐܬ ܒܫܢܬ 1921]]

**ܥܘܕ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ عود܆ ܦܪܣܐܝܬ بربط܆ ܨܘܡܐܠܐܝܬ kaban ܐܘ cuud܆ ܛܘܪܩܐܝܬ ud/ut܆ ܝܘܢܐܝܬ ούτι܆ ܐܪܡܢܐܝܬ ուդ܆ ܥܒܪܐܝܬ עוד) ܗܘ ܡܐܢܐ ܡܘܣܝܩܝܐ ܒܐܣܟܝܡܐ ܕܟܘܡܬܪܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܩܝܬܪܐ ܕܡܚܫܚ ܒܡܘܣܝܩܝ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܘܕܐܦܪܝܩܐ ܓܪܒܝܝܬܐ. ܥܘܕ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܡܢ ܥܣܪܐ ܠܬܠܬܥܣܪ ܝܬܪ̈ܝܢ܀

## ܫܡܐ
ܐܬܝܬ ܡܠܬܐ ܕ"ܥܘܕ" ܡܢ ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ (العود ܐܘܟܝܬ "ܩܝܣܐ") ܐܠܐ ܐܩܗܐܪܕ ܢܘܝܒܐܘܪ ܐܡܪ ܕܐܬܝܬ "ܥܘܕ" ܡܢ ܠܫܢܐ ܦܪܣܝܐ "ܪܘܕ"܀

ܐܡܢܬܝܐ ܕ"ܐܠ-" ܕ"ܐܠܥܘܕ" ܐܬܐܒܕ ܗܘܐ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ. ܡܠܬܐ ܕ"ܥܘܕ" (ܡܢ ܐܬܘ̈ܬܐ ܥܪ̈ܒܝܬܐ ܕܥܝܢ-ܘܐܘ-ܕܐܠ) ܗܘܬ "ܐܘܕ" ܡܛܠ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܠܝܬ ܠܗ ܩܠܐ ܘܐܬܘܬܐ ܕܥܝܢ܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
* ܩܝܬܪܐ
* ܠܐܘܛܐ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܐܢܐ ܡܘܣܝܩܝܐ
ܬܒܝܠܝܣܝ

thumb|300px|ܬܒܝܠܝܣܝ

**ܬܒܝܠܝܣܝ** ܐܘ **ܛܒܝܠܝܣܝ** (ܓܘܪܓܐܝܬ თბილისი) ܗܝ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܘܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܕܓܘܪܓܝܐ (ܐܬܪܐ) ܕܢܦܠܐ ܒܢܗܪܐ ܕܟܘܪ. ܐܝܬ ܩܘܪܒܐ ܕ1,500,000 ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܢ ܒܬܒܝܠܝܣܝ ܝܘܡܢܐ܀


Tbilisi-View from St Nicholas-02-2019-gje.jpg|ܚܙܘܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ
Tbilisi-Abanotubani-18-Metekhi-Kirche-2019-gje.jpg|ܐܒܐܢܘܬܘܒܐܢܝ
Tbilisi-Aghmashenebeli-16-123-2019-gje.jpg|ܐܣܛܪܛ ܕܐܓܡܐܫܢܒܝܠܝ
Tbilisi-Freiheitsplatz-06-Marriott-2019-gje.jpg|ܦܘܪܘܢ ܕܚܐܪܘܬܐ
Tbilisi-Fluss Mtkwari-02-2019-gje.jpg|ܢܗܪܐ ܕܡܬܩܒܐܪܝ (ܟܘܪ)
Tbilisi-Metekhi-Kirche-12-2019-gje.jpg|ܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܬܟܝ

Tbilisi-Sameba-Kathedrale-30-innen-2019-gje.jpg|ܓܘܐ ܕܩܬܕܪܠܐ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܓܘܪܓܝܐ
ܐܝܪܠܢܕ (ܓܙܪܬܐ)

thumb|250px|ܓܙܪܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܠܢܕ ܡܢ ܫܡܝܐ

**ܐܝܪܠܢܕ** (ܐܝܪܐܝܬ Éire) ܗܝ ܓܙܪܬܐ ܒܐܘܪܘܦܐ (ܠܓܪܒܝ-ܡܥܪܒ ܝܒܫܬܐ ܪܝܫܝܬܐ) ܒܓܪܒܝܐ ܕܐܘܩܝܢܘܣ ܐܛܠܢܛܝܐ. ܠܡܥܪܒܐ ܕܐܝܪܠܢܕ ܐܝܬ ܐܘܩܝܢܘܣ ܐܛܠܢܛܝܐ ܘܒܡܕܢܚܐ ܐܝܬ ܝܡܐ ܐܝܪܝܐ. ܐܝܬ ܬܪ̈ܝܢ ܐܬܪ̈ܝܢ ܒܓܙܪܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܠܢܕ: ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܠܢܕ ܘܐܝܪܠܢܕ ܓܪܒܝܝܬܐ ܕܐܝܟ ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܡܚܝܕܬܐ. ܫܡܐ ܕܐܝܪܠܢܕ ܐܬܐ ܡܢ ܠܫܢܐ ܐܝܪܝܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ (Ériu) ܥܡ ܡܠܬܐ ܓܪܡܢܝܩܝܬܐ "ܠܢܕ" (land "ܐܪܥܐ"). ܐܝܬ ܫܬܐ ܡܝܠܝܘܢ̈ܐ ܐܢܫ̈ܝܢ ܕܥܡܪܝܢ ܒܓܙܪܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܠܢܕ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܘܪܘܦܐ
2007

**2007** ܗܘܬ ܫܢܬܐ܀

## ܓܕܫ̈ܐ
* 10 ܒܬܫܪܝܢ ܐܚܪܝ - ܓܕܐ ܒܝܢܬ ܡܠܟܐ ܕܐܣܦܢܝܐ ܚܘܐܢ ܩܐܪܠܘܣ ܘܪܝܫܐ ܕܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܒܢܙܘܝܠܐ ܗܘܓܘ ܫܐܦܝܙ.
## ܐܬܝܠܕ

## ܡܝܬ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܕܪܐ ܕܥܣܪܝܢ ܘܚܕ
ܪܝܫ ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ

**ܪܝܫ ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ** ܐܘ **ܪܝܫܐ** ܐܘ **ܪܫܐ** ܗܘ ܟܘܢܝܐ ܕܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ. ܪܝܫ ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܡܕܒܪܢܐ ܓܒܝܐ ܐܦ/ܐܘ ܪܝܫ ܐܬܪܐ܀

ܪ̈ܝܫܝ ܩܘܛܢܝܘ̈ܬܐ ܒܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܡܫܚܠܦ̈ܐ ܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ:
*ܓܘܪܓ ܘܐܫܝܢܓܛܘܢ܇ ܪܝܫܐ ܕܐܘܚܕ̈ܢܐ ܡܚܝܕ̈ܐ ܡܢ 1779 ܠ1789
*ܚܘܣܢܝ ܡܘܒܐܪܟ܇ ܪܝܫܐ ܕܡܨܪܝܢ ܡܢ 1981 ܠ2011
*ܒܫܐܪ ܐܠܐܣܕ܇ ܪܝܫܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܐ ܡܢ 2000 ܠܗܫܐ
*ܢܝܩܘܠܐܣ ܣܪܩܘܙܝ܇ ܪܝܫܐ ܕܦܪܢܣܐ ܡܢ 2007 ܠܗܫܐ
*ܡܝܫܠ ܣܠܝܡܐܢ܇ ܪܝܫܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ ܡܢ 2008 ܠܗܫܐ
ܒܠܛܝ

thumb|ܒܠܛܝ (ܓܘܢܐ ܣܘܡܩܐ) ܒܡܘܠܕܘܒܐ

**ܒܠܛܝ** (ܪܘܡܢܐܝܬ: Bălţi) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܡܘܠܕܘܒܐ܂ ܐܝܬ 127,600 ܐܢܫ̈ܝܢ ܒܒܠܛܝ ܒ2004܀
ܩܘܢܣܩܘܒܘܠܐ

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**ܩܘܢܣܩܘܒܘܠܐ** (ܦܘܠܢܕܝܐ: Końskowola) ܗܝ ܡܬܐ ܒܬܝܡܢ-ܡܕܢܚ ܦܘܠܢܕ ܒܝܢ ܦܘܠܒܝ ܘܠܘܒܠܝܢ ܩܪܝܒܬܐ ܥܠ ܩܘܪܘܦ ܒܢܗܪܐ ܕܩܘܪܘܦܩܐ܂ ܡܢ ܫܢܬܐ ܕ2004 ܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܬܪܝܢ ܐܠܦܐ ܐܢܫܐ ܒܩܘܢܣܩܘܒܘܠܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܦܘܠܢܕ
ܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܐܪܬܘܕܟܣܝܬܐ

[thumb|150px|ܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܕܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ ܒ[ܡܕܝܕ ܒܐܬܪܐ ܕܛܘܪܩܝܐ]]

**ܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܫܠܝܚܝܬܐ ܬܪܝܨܬ ܫܘܒܚܐ ܕܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ ܘܕܟܠܗ̇ ܡܕܢܚܐ** ܐܫܬܬܐܣܬ ܒܝܕ ܫܡܥܘܢ ܟܐܦܐ ܪܝܫܐ ܕܫܠܝ̈ܚܐ ܒܫܢܬ ܬܠܬܝܢ ܘܫܒܥ ܡܫܝܚܝܬܐ ܘܗܝ ܥܕܬܐ ܒܟܝܪܬܐ ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܬܐ ܕܒܟܠܗ̇ ܡܬܥܡܪܢܝܬܐ. ܠܫܢܐ ܩܢܘܢܝܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ. ܘܒܢܝ̈ ܥܕܬܐ ܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܐܦ ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܕܓܠܘܬܐ. ܦܛܪܝܪܟܐ ܩܢܘܢܝܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܕܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ ܗܘܝܘ ܐܝܓܢܐܛܝܘܣ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܬܪܝܢܐ ܦܛܪܝܪܟܐ ܕܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ ܘܕܟܠܗ̇ ܡܕܢܚܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܥܕܬܐ
ܣܘܪܝܝܐ

**ܣܘܪܝܝܐ** ܗܘ/ܐܢܘܢ:

*ܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ
*ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ
*ܡܠܟ̈ܝܐ
*ܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ
**ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ
ܩܘܪܝܛܝܒܐ

70px|left

**ܩܘܪܝܛܝܒܐ** (ܦܘܪܛܘܓܠܐܝܬ: Curitiba) ܗܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܒܪܐܙܝܠ܀

## ܐܣܘܪ̈ܐ ܒܪ̈ܝܐ
* http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br
* http://www.curitiba-brazil.com

ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܪܐܙܝܠ
ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܐܘܪܗܝܐ

[thumb|300px|ܒܝܬ ܐܘܪ̈ܗܝܐ (ܣܘܡܩܬܐ) ܐܝܟ ܐܬܪܐ ܕ[ܪܗܘܡܐ]]

**ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܐܘܪ̈ܗܝܐ** ܐܘ **ܒܝܬ [[ܐܘܪܗܝ]]** ܗܘܬ ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܒܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ ܘܒܐܢܛܘܠܝܐ. ܒܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܐܘܪ̈ܗܝܐ ܥܡܘܪ̈ܐ ܢܡܠܠܘܢ ܗܘܘ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ. ܒܝܬ ܐܘܪ̈ܗܝܐ ܐܘ ܝܬܪܕ ܚܐܪܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܣܠܘܟܝ̈ܐ ܒܫܢܬܐ ܕ132 ܩܕܡ ܡܘܠܕܗ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ܀
ܐܓܐ ܦܛܪܘܣ

thumb|250px|ܐܓܐ ܦܛܪܘܣ

**ܐܠܝܐ ܦܛܪܘܣ ܕܒܙ** ܐܘ **ܐܓܐ ܦܛܪܘܣ** (ܐܬܝܠܕ 1 ܒܝܪܚܐ ܕܢܝܣܢ ܒܫܢܬܐ ܕ1880 ܘܐܬܩܛܠ 2 ܒܝܪܚܐ ܕ ܫܒܛ 1932) ܗܘܐ ܪܝܫܢܐ ܦܠܚܢܝܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܘܐܟܬܝܘ  ܗܘܐ ܒܓܝܣܐ. ܐܓܐ ܦܛܪܘܣ ܐܙܠ ܗܘܐ ܠܐܘܚܕ̈ܢܐ ܡܚܝܕ̈ܐ ܬܠܬ ܫܢܝ̈ܢ܂ ܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܠܗ ܣܓܝ ܝܕܥܬܐ ܒܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܘܦܪܢܣܝܐ ܘܥܪܒܝܐ ܘܐܢܓܠܝܐ ܘܦܪܣܝܐ ܘܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܘܪܘܣܝܐ. ܐܬܩܛܠ ܗܘܐ ܒܣܡܐ ܒܐܬܪܐ ܕܦܪܢܣܐ 2 ܒܝܪܚܐ ܕܫܒܛ 1932܀
ܐܠܡܐܙܢ

[thumb|250px|ܐܠܡܐܙܢ (ܣܘܡܩܬܐ) ܒ[ܣܘܪܝܐ (ܐܣܦܢܝܐ)|ܣܘܪܝܐ (ܝܘܪܩܬܐ) ܒܐܣܦܢܝܐ]]
thumb|200px|ܒܒܐ ܕܩܪܝܬܐ ܒܐܠܡܐܙܢ

**ܐܠܡܐܙܢ** (ܐܣܦܢܝܐ: Almazán) ܗܝ ܟܪܟܘܬܐ ܒܐܣܦܢܝܐ܂ ܡܢ ܡܟܬܒܢܘܬܐ ܕܫܢܬܐ ܕ2004 ܐܠܡܐܙܢ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ 5755 ܐܢܫ̈ܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܘܪܘܦܐ
ܠܫܢܐ ܦܪܢܣܝܐ

ܙܥܘܪܬܐ|upright=2|ܟܪܛܝܣܐ ܐܝܟܐ ܕܡܬܡܠܠ ܠܫܢܐ ܦܪܢܣܝܐ

**ܠܫܢܐ ܦܪܢܣܝܐ** ܐܘ **ܠܫܢܐ ܦܪܢܓܝܐ** (le français ܐܘ la langue française) ܗܘ ܠܫܢܐ ܪܫܡܝܐ ܕܢܬܡܠܠ ܒܦܪܢܣܐ ܘܒܫܬ ܘܥܣܪܝܢ ܐܬܪ̈ܘܬ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܝܢ. ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܠܫܢܐ ܐܡܗܝܐ ܕܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ 60 ܡܠܝܘܢܐ ܐܢܫ̈ܝܢ܀

ܦܪܢܣܝܐ
ܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ

[thumb|200px|ܡܪܝ ܓܒܪܐܝܠ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕ[ܡܕܝܕ]]
**ܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ**  ܐܘ ܛܘܪܥܒܕܝܢ ܗܝ ܕܘܟܬܐ ܕܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܒܓܪܒܝܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ ܘܣܘܓܐܗ ܢܦܠ ܒܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܡܪܕܝܢ ܘܟܡܐ ܩܘܪܝܐܣ ܐܟ ܐܙܟ ܘܒܣܒܪܝܢܐ ܘܡܝܕܢ (ܡܝܕܘܢ) ܘܟܦܫܢܐ ܘܚܝܕܠ ܘܣܛܪ ܢܦܠܝܢ ܒܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܫܝܪܢܐܟ. ܗܘ ܫܡܐ ܕܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܣܘܟܠܐ ܕܛܘܪܐ ܕܥܒ̈ܕܐ ܕ ܐܠܗܐ. ܣܓܝܐܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܒܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ ܡܡܠܠ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܒܠܥܙܐ ܛܘܪܝܐ. ܗܫܐ ܥܡܘܪ̈ܐ ܕܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ ܐܝܟ ܕܒܣܘܓܐ ܡܫܠܡܢܐ ܐܝܬܘܗ̱܀

## ܬܫܥܝܬܐ
ܐܬܪܐ ܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ ܢܦܠ ܒܐܬܪܘ̈ܬܐ ܕܬܝܡܢ ܡܕܢܚ ܐܬܪܐ ܕܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܘܗܘ ܐܬܪܐ ܕܡܐܐ ܐܠܦܝ̈ܐ ܕܒܢܝ ܐܢܫܐ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܒܟܠܗ ܥܡܪܬܐ ܐܠܐ ܒܬܪ ܩܛܠܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܐ ܕܗܘܐ ܒܝܬ 1914 - 1923 ܡ ܫܚܠܦ ܥܡܐ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܘܩܘܪܕܝܐ ܦܬܐ ܕܐܬܪܐ ܕܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܫܪܫܝܐ܆  ܘܐܘܒܕܘ ܩܢܝܢܘܗܝ ܘ ܐܢܫܘܗܝ ܒܢܓ̈ܕܐ ܡܪܝܪ̈ܐ ܩܫܝ̈ܐ܆ ܘܟܢ ܐܫܬܠܛ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ܆ ܘܐܬܓܠܘܝܘ ܒܡܨܥܝܘܬ ܕܪܐ ܕܥܣܪܝܢ ܡܐ ܕܦܫܘ ܗܘܐ ܡܢ ܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܬܡܢ ܆ ܘܠܐ ܦܫܘ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܬܡܢ ܣܛܪ ܡܢ ܟܡܐ ܐܠܦܝ̈ܐ ܢܛܪܝܢ ܠܕܝܪ̈ܬܐ ܘܚܝܝܢ ܒܙܘܥܢܐ ܘ ܒܕܚܠܐ ܘܟܢܫܐ ܪܒܐ ܡܢܗܘܢ ܢܚܬ ܠܐܬܪܐ ܕܓܙܪܬܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܐ ܘܫܬܐܣ ܠܡܕܝܢ̈ܬܐ ܘܠܩܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܕܐܝܟ ܩܡܫܠܝ ܙܐܠܝܢ ܘܕܝܪܝܟ (ܡܐܠܟܝܗ) ܘܚܣܟܗ ܘܩܒܪ̈ܐ ܚܘܪ̈ܐ ܘܣܛܪ. ܘܚܝܝܢ ܒܗܘܢ ܒܣܓܝܘܬܐ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܝܘܡܢܐ.

ܡܕܝܢ̈ܬܐ ܘܩܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܐܝܟ ܡܕܝܕ܇ ܟܦܪܐ܇ ܐܪܟܚ܇ ܐܢܚܝܠ܇ ܥܝܢܘܪܕܐ܇ ܒܣܒܪܝܢܐ܇ ܟܦܫܢܐ܇ ܡܝܕܢ ܘܐܙܟ̥ ܘܚܕܠ ܘܐܪܒܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܗܝܢ ܕܘܟܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܒܠܒܘ̈ܬܐ ܕܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ܂
ܒܩܪܒܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܒܪܝܬܐ܄ ܣܓܝ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܟܠܕܝܐ ܩܛܝܠܝ ܒܩܛܠܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܐ ܡܢ 1914 ܗܠ 1923 ܡ܂ ܠܐܦܝ̈ 500000 ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܩܛܝܠܝ ܒܣܝܦܐ ܩܘܪܕܝܐ ܘܛܘܪܩܝܐ܂ ܒܙܒܢܐ ܐ̱ܚܪܝܐ ܣܓܝ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܥܪܩܘ ܡܢ ܩܠܝܡܐ ܕܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܥܢ ܡܢ ܩܪܒܐ ܕܟܘܪ̈ܕܝܐ ܘܬܘܪ̈ܟܝܐ܂ ܗܫܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܐܦܝ̈ 5000 ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܒܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ܀

## ܕܝܪܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܓܒܪܐܝܠ
ܕܝܪܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܓܒܪܐܝܠ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܕܝܪܐ ܡܫܡܗܐ ܕܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܐܘܪܬܕܘܟܣܝܐ ܒܟܠܗ̇ ܬܐܒܝܠ ܘܢܦܠ ܒܦܠܓܐ ܕܐܬܪܐ ܡܒܪܟܐ ܘܡܫܡܗܐ ܐܬܪܐ ܕܛܘܪܥܒܕܝܢ ܐܬܪܐ ܕܐܒܗ̈ܬܢ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܡܢ ܢܘܓܪܐ ܕܙܒܢܐ ܘܐܬܒܢܝܬ ܗܕܐ ܕܝܪܐ ܒܫܢܬ 397 ܒܝܕ ܡܪܝ ܫܡܘܐܝܠ ܘܡܪܝ ܫܡܥܘܢ ܩܪܛܡܝܢܝܐ ܟܕ ܥܕܪ ܠܗܘܢ ܡܠܐܟܗ ܕܡܪܝܐ ܐܠܗܐ ܕܐܬܐ ܠܗܘܢ ܒܠܠܝܐ ܟܕ ܕܡܝܟܝܢ ܗ̱ܘܘ.  

ܘܗܕܐ ܕܝܪܐ ܡܫܡܗܬܐ ܒܬܠܬ ܐܣ̈ܐ ܚܕܐ ܡܢܗܝܢ ܟܐܦܐ ܩܘܝܬ̥ ܒܐܐܪ ܣܗܕܘܬܐ ܥܠ ܗܕܐ ܬܕܡܘܪܬܐ ܘܟܢ ܐܫܬܡܗܬ ܒܫܡܐ ܕܩܕܝܫܐ ܪܒܐ ܡܪܝ ܓܒܪܐܝܠ ܕܐܬܐ ܗ̱ܘܐ ܒܕܪܐ ܫܒܝܥܐ ܘܐܬܥܢܘܝ ܗ̱ܘܐ ܒܨܘܡܐ ܘܒܨܠܘܬܐ ܠܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ -ܫܘܒܚܐ ܠܫܡܗ ܩܕܝܫܐ - ܩܕܝܫܐ ܥܕܡܐ ܕܗܘܐ ܚܣܝܐ ܘܥܒܕ ܬܕܡܪ̈ܬܐ ܣܓܝܐܬ̈ܐ ܘܥܕܡܐ ܠܝܘܡܢܐ ܥܒܕ. ܨܠܘܬܗ ܥܡܢ ܐܡܝܢ݊

## ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ
ܘܡܕܡ ܐܠܨܝܐ ܕܐܡܪܝܢܢ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܝܘܡܢܐ ܡܬܡܠܠ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܕܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢܝ̈ܐ ܐܝܟܐ ܕܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܒܒܪܝܬܐ ܘܗܢܐ ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܐܝܬܘܗ̱ܝ̈ ܠܫܢܐ ܕܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ. 

## ܩܘܪܝܐܣ ܕܛܘܪܥܒܕܝܢ

# ܟܪܒܐܠܗ (ܐܪܟܚ) ܚܪܒܬܐ ܕܐܝ̈ܠܐ. ܘܐܝܬ ܒܗ̇ ܕܝܪܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܡܠܟܝ
# ܡܝܕܢ.
# ܟܦܪܐ ܬܚܬܝܬܐ.
# ܚܐܚ.
# ܡܙܝܙܚ.
* ܕܝܪܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܒܣܘܣ
# ܥܝܢܘܪܕܐ (ܥܝܘܪܕܐ) ܡܕܝܢܬ ܓܢܒܪ̈ܐ.
# ܐܙܟ (ܐܝܕܠ) ܒܝܬ ܙܒܕܝ ܚܣܢܐ ܕܓܢ̱ܒܪܘܬܐ.
# ܟܪܐܒܗ ܡܫܟܗ (ܒܛܘܪܐ ܕܐܝܙܠܐ) ܚܪܒܬܐ ܕܥܘܩܒܪ̈ܐ.
# ܐܪܒܐ.
# ܣܝܕܪܗ.
# ܚܒܣܣ (ܚܝܣܢܐܣ) ܕܡܪܝ ܫܡܥܘܢ ܚܝܣܘܣܝܐ.
# ܟܦܫܢܐ.
# ܡܪ ܒܐܒܐ (ܡܪܒܘܒܘ) ܩܪܝܒܬܐ ܠܢܨܝܒܝܢ.
# ܐܢܚܝܠ .
# ܥܘܪܕܢܣ.
# ܒܣܒܪܝܢܐ (ܒܣܘܒܪܝܢܐ).
# ܒܐܬܐ.
# ܣܐܪܝ.
# ܨܠܚ ܘܐܝܬ ܒܗ̊ ܕܝܪܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܚܒܝܫܝܐ.
# ܓܪܝܡܝܪܐ.
# ܐܚܘܐ (ܚܒܐܒ).
# ܒܐܕܒܐ ( ܒܝܬ ܕܒ̈ܐ).
# ܚܕܠ.
# ܙܐܙ.
# ܒܝܪܓܘܪܝܝܐ (ܒܐܪܐ ܕܓܪ̈ܒܢܐ)
ܘܥܣܪ̈ܬܐ ܕܩܘܪ̈ܝܐܣ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܝܬܐ.

## ܡܕܝܕ
ܡܕܝܕ ܡܕܝܢ̱ܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܢܩܦܐ ܠܡܪܥܝܬܐ ܕܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ ܝܘܡܢܐ. ܘܗܝ ܐܝܬܝܗ̊ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕܡܪܥܝܬܐ ܕܛܘܪܥܒܕܝܢ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ.

ܚܝܐ ܒܗ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܪܒܐ ܡܢ ܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܒܝܬ ܣܓܝܐܘܬܐ ܕܡܫܠܡܢܘܬܐ ܘܬܘܒ ܒܝܢܬܗܘܢ ܐܝܙܝܕܝ̈ܐ (ܫܠܟܝ̈ܐ).

## ܡܒܘ̈ܥܐ
*ܟܬܒܐ ܕܡܟܬܒܙܒܢܐ ܕܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ ܕܬܠܝܬܝ ܛܘ̈ܒܐ ܡܪܝ ܐܝܓܢܐܛܝܘܣ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܒܪܨܘܡ.
*ܡܪܝ ܐܝܓܢܐܛܝܘܣ ܙܟܝ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܥܝܘܐܨ
*ܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܐܪܬܘܕܟܣܝܬܐ

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*ܐܙܟ
*ܩܡܫܠܝ
*ܕܝܪܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܓܒܪܐܝܠ
*ܕܝܪܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܐܘܓܝܢ
*ܕܝܪܐ ܕܟܘܪܟܡܐ

ܣܕܪܐ:ܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ
ܚܝܠܐ ܠܒܢܝܐ

**ܚܝܠܐ ܠܒܢܢܝܐ** ܗܘ ܓܝܣܐ ܡܫܝܚܝܐ ܒܠܒܢܢ܄ ܕܡܚܪܒܘܐ ܒܓܒܐ ܕܡܫܝܚܝܐ ܥܡ ܓܝܣܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܕܡܫܝܚܝܐ ܒܠܒܢܢ܂ ܗܫܐ ܗܘ ܓܒܐ ܐܟܬܝܘ ܒܦܘܠܝܬܝܩ ܝܐ܂ ܣܓܝܐܘܬܐ ܕܗܕܡܐ ܕܓܒܐ ܗܘܘ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܡܪܘܢܝܐ ܥܡ ܩܠܝܠܬܐ ܐܚܪܢܬܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܓܒܐ
ܢܝܐܡܝ

thumb|400px|ܢܝܐܡܝ ܒܠܝܠܐ

**ܢܝܐܡܝ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ: Niamey) ܗܝ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕܢܝܓܪ܂ ܐܝܬ 674,950 ܐܢܫܐ ܓܘ ܢܝܐܡܝ ܝܘܡܢܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܢܝܓܪ
ܒܡܩܘ

thumb|300px|ܚܙܘܐ ܕܒܡܩܘ

** ܒܡܩܘ** (ܦܪܢܣܐܝܬ Bamako܆ ܒܡܒܪܐܝܬ ߓߊߡߊߞߐ) ܗܝ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܘܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܕܡܐܠܝ. ܐܝܬ 1,810,366 ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܢ ܒܒܡܩܘ ܝܘܡܢܐ. ܒܫܢܬ 2006 ܐܬܚܫܒ ܕܒܡܩܘ ܗܘܬ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܬܬܪܒܐ ܒܪܒܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܟܠܗܝܢ ܡܕ̈ܝܢܬܐ ܒܐܦܪܝܩܐ ܘܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܫܬ ܡܢ ܟܠܗܝܢ ܡܕ̈ܝܢܬܐ ܒܥܠܡܐ. ܢܦܠܐ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܒܢܗܪܐ ܕܢܝܓܪ ܩܘܪܒܐ ܕܢܚ̈ܠܐ ܕܥܘܡܩܐ ܕܢܝܓܪ ܥܠܝܐ ܘܡܨܥܝܐ ܒܡܢܬܐ ܕܬܝܡܢ ܡܥܪܒܐ ܕܡܐܠܝ܀


ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܐܠܝ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܒܡܐܠܝ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܒܐܦܪܝܩܐ
ܓܙܐܐܪ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ)

thumb|300px|ܓܙܐܐܪ

**ܓܙܐܐܪ** (ܥܪܒܐܝܬ: الجزائر) ܗܝ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕܓܙܐܐܪ܂ ܐܝܬ 1,519,570 ܐܢܫ̈ܝܢ ܒܓܙܐܐܪ ܝܘܡܢܐ܀

## ܛܘܝܒ ܡܠܬܐ
ܓܙܐܐܪ ܐܘܟܝܬ ܓܙܪ̈ܬܐ܀
ܣܕܪܐ:ܓܙܐܐܪ
ܬܘܢܣ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ)

thumb|ܬܘܢܣ

**ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܬܘܢܣ** (ܥܪܒܝܐܝܬ: تونس) ܗܝ ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕܬܘܢܣ. ܐܝܬ 728,453 ܐܢܫܝ̈ܢ ܒܬܘܢܣ ܒ2008܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*ܬܘܢܣ (ܐܬܪܐ)

ܣܕܪܐ:ܬܘܢܣ
ܦܩܥܬܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ

**ܦܩܥܬܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ**:  

*ܗܝܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܕܢܦܠ ܒܓܪܒܝ ܡܥܪܒ ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ ܒܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ ܡܨܥܝܬܐ܆ ܘܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ ܕܕܫܬܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ ܐܝܬܝܗ̇ ܒܓܕܝܕܐ܆
*ܘܐܝܬ ܒܓܘܗ̇ ܡܕܝܢ̈ܬܐ ܐܢܪ̈ܢܝܬܐ ܕܐܝܟ ܐܠܩܘܫ ܘܒܪܛܠܐ ܘܟܪܡܠܫ ܘܒܛܢܐܝܐ ܘܒܐܩܘܦܐ ܘܬܠ ܣܩܘܦ ܘܫܪܦܝܐ ܘܬܠ ܟܐܦ̈ܐ ܘܫܝܓܪ ܘܒܚܙܐܢܝ ܘܒܥܫܝܩܐ ܘܣܛܪ܆
*ܘܗܘ ܒܝܬܐ ܠܣܓܝ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܡܕܢܚܝܐ ܕܥܡܪܝܢ ܒܗܕܐ ܦܢܝܬܐ. ܗܕܐ ܕܫܬܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ ܡܬܚܙܝܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܘܟܬܐ ܕܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܡܥܪܒܝܐ ܡܢ ܕܪܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ܆
*ܐܠܐ ܗܫܐ ܐܝܬ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܐܝܙܝܕ̈ܝܐ ܘܛܘܪ̈ܩܝܐ ܘܡܫܠܡܢ̈ܐ ܬܘܒ. ܗܫܐ ܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܦܠܚ ܡܛܠ ܫܘܠܛܢܘܬܐ ܝܬܝܬܐ ܠܩܠܝܡܐ ܕܕܫܬܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ. ܟܠܗܝܢ ܥܕܬ̈ܐ ܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܬܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܗܝܢ ܕܘܟܬܐ ܝܘܡܝܬܐ ܒܕܫܬܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ. ܗܘܘ ܣܓܝ ܦܘܪ̈ܩܥܐ ܒܩܠܝܡܐ ܕܕܫܬܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ ܒܗܢܐ ܙܒܢܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ
ܥܕܬܐ ܫܪܝܪܬܐ ܕܝܫܘܥ

**ܥܕܬܐ ܫܪܝܪܬܐ ܕܝܫܘܥ** (ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ: True Jesus Church) ܗܝ ܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܐܬܫܪܝܬ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܒܝܫܢܓ ܒܐܬܪܐ ܕܨܝܢ ܒܫܢܬ 1917܂ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܫܡܐ ܕܬܓܒܪܢܐ ܗܘ ܝܘܢܓ ܓܝ-ܠܢ܂ ܥܕܬܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܚܕ ܘܦܠܓܐ ܥܠ ܬܪܝܢ ܘܦܠܓܐ ܡܠܝܘܢ ܕ̈ܒܝܩܐ ܒܐܪܒܥܝܢ ܘܬܡܢܝܐ ܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܘܒܫܬ ܝܒܫ̈ܬܐ܀

## ܣܒܪ̈ܐ ܪܘܪ̈ܒܐ
### ܪܘܚܐ ܕܩܘܕܫܐ
ܡܩܒܠܢܘܬܐ ܕܪܘܚܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ܆ ܕܗܘܝܐ ܒܡܡܠܐ ܕܠܫܢ̈ܐ܆ ܐܝܬܝܗ ܪܗܒܘܢܐ ܕܝܪܬܘܬܢ ܒܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܫܡܝܐ.
### ܡܥܡܘܕܝܬܐ
ܡܝ̈ܐ ܕܡܥܡܕܝܬܐ ܐܪܙܐ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܥܠ ܠܚܝܐ ܕܚܛܗ̈ܐ ܆ ܘܥܠ ܚܘܕܬܐ. ܡܥܡܕܝܬܐ ܗܘܝܐ ܒܡܝ̈ܐ ܟܝܢܝ̈ܐ ܚܝ̈ܐ ܆ ܕܐܝܟ ܕܢܗܪܐ ܆ܐܘ ܝܡܐ ܆ ܐܘ ܡܒܘܥܐ ܆ ܥܡܝܕܐ ܗܘ ܕܡܚܕܐ ܩܒܠ ܡܥܡܕܝܬܐ ܕܡܝ̈ܐ ܘ ܪܘܚܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܆ ܡܓܡܪ ܠܡܥܡܕܝܬܐ ܒܫܡ (ܐܒܐ ܘܒܪܐ ܘܪܘܚܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ) ܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ . ܘ ܩܢܘܡܐ (ܦܪܨܘܦܐ) ܕܩܒܠ ܡܥܡܕܝܬܐ ܙܕܩ ܕܢܗܘܐ ܡܨܛܒܥ ܟܠܢܐܝܬ ܒܡܝ̈ܐ ܥܡ ܪܝܫܐ ܕܟܐܦ ܘܦܬܐ ܕܚܝܪܐ ܕܠܬܚܬ.
### ܡܚܠܠܐ ܕܪ̈ܓܠܐ
ܐܪܙܐ ܕܫܝܓܬܐ ܕܪ̈ܓܠܐ ܫܒܩ ܠܒܪܢܫܐ ܕܢܫܬܘܬܦ ܒܡܢܬܐ ܥܡ ܡܪܝܐ ܝܫܘܥ. ܘܬܘܒ ܗܘܝܘ ܡܫܡܫ ܐܝܟ ܡܥܗܕܢܐ ܐܡܝܢܐ ܕܟܠ ܚܰܕ ܙܕܩ ܕܢܗܘܐ ܠܗ ܚܘܒܐ܆ ܩܕܝܫܘܬܐ܆ ܡܟܝܟܘܬܐ܆ ܫܘܒܩܢܐ ܘ ܬܫܡܫܬܐ.

ܟܠ ܒܪܢܫܐ ܕܩܒܠ ܡܝ̈ܐ ܕܡܥܡܕܝܬܐ ܙܕܩ ܕܢܫܝܓ ܪ̈ܓܠܘܗܝ ܒܫܡܐ ܕܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ. ܡܨܝܐ ܕܡܫܬܡܫܐ ܫܝܓܬܐ ܕܪ̈ܓܠܐ ܡܢ ܬܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ ܓܒ̈ܐ ܟܕ ܗܘܐ ܐܦܬܐ.
### ܩܘܪܒܢܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ
ܢܣܝܒܘܬܐ ܩܕܝܫܬܐ ܐܝܬܝܗ ܐܪܙܐ ܕܡܚܝܢܘܬܐ ܕܘܟܪܢ ܡܘܬܗ ܕܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ. ܘܗܘ ܗܢܐ ܐܪܙܐ ܡܦܣ ܠܢ ܕܢܫܬܘܬܦ ܒܦܓܪܗ ܘܕܡܗ ܕܡܪܢ ܘܕܢܫܬܘܬܦ ܥܡܗ ܕܢܗܘܐ ܠܢ ܗܝܕܝܢ ܚܝ̈ܐ ܥܠܡܝܢܝ̈ܐ ܘܗܝ ܕܢܩܘܡ ܒܝܘܡܐ ܐ̱ܚܪܝܐ. ܘܗܘ ܗܢܐ ܐܪܙܐ ܙܕܩ ܕܢܬܓܡܪ ܐܝܟ ܕܡܨܝܐ ܒܠܚܘܕ ܒܠܚܡܐ (ܚܡܝܥܐ) ܘ ܝܠܕܐ ܕܓܦܬܐ (ܚܡܪܐ).
### ܫܒܬܐ (ܝܘܡܐ)
ܝܘܡܐ ܕܫܒܬܐ، ܝܘܡܐ ܫܒܝܥܝܐ ܕܫܒܘܥܐ، ܗܘ ܝܘܡܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ، ܡܫܘܒܚܐ ܘܡܩܘܕܫܐ ܡܢ ܐܠܗܐ. ܐܬܢܛܪ ܬܚܝܬ ܫܘܒܚܐ ܕܡܪܝܐ ܠܡܙܝܚܬܐ ܕܒܪܝܬܐ ܘܦܘܪܩܢܐ ܥܡ ܣܒܪܐ ܕܚܝ̈ܐ ܕܠܥܠܡ.
### ܝܫܘܥ
ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ܄ ܗܘ ܡܠܬܐ ܕܗܘܝܐ ܗܘܐ ܒܣܪܐ܄ ܡܝܬ ܒܨܠܝܒܐ ܠܚܛܝ̈ܬܐ ܕܒܪ̈ܢܫܐ܄ ܩܡ ܠܬܠܬܐ ܝܘ̈ܡܐ ܘܝܣܩ ܠܫܡܝܐ܂ ܗܘ ܦܪܘܩܐ ܝܚܝܕܝܐ ܕܒܪ ܢܫܘܬܐ܄ ܗܘ ܣܝܡܐ ܕܫܡܝܐ ܘܐܪܥܐ܄ ܘܗܘ ܝܚܝܕܝܐ ܐܠܗܐ ܕܫܪܪܐ܀
### ܟܬܒܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ
ܟܬܒܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܐܚܒܫ ܕܝܬܝܩܝ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ ܘܕܝܬܝܩܝ ܚܕܬܐ، ܗܘ ܪܘܚܐ ܡܢ ܐܠܗܐ، ܫܪܪܐ ܟܬܒܝܐ ܝܚܝܕܝܐ، ܘܡܒܘܥܐ ܕܚܝ̈ܐ ܕܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ.
### ܦܘܪܩܢܐ
ܦܘܪܩܢܐ ܐܬܝܗܒ ܒܛܝܒܘܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܒܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ ܆ ܡܗܝܡ̈ܢܐ ܙܕܩ ܕܢܫܬܪܪܘܢ ܒܪܘܚܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܘܢܨܛܒܬ̥ܘܢ ܒܩܕܝܫܘܬ̥ܐ܆ ܠܫܘܒܚܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ܆ ܘ ܪܚܡܬ ܐܢܫܘܬܐ.
### ܥܘܡܪܐ
ܥܕܬܐ ܕܐܫܬܬܣܬ ܒܝܕ ܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ܆ ܘܩܒܠܬ ܡܚܬܬܗ ܕܪܘܚܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܒܝܘܡܐ ܕܦܢܛܝܩܘܣܛܝ܆ ܐܝܬܝܗ ܗܝ ܥܕܬܐ ܫܪܪܬܐ ܘܚܝܬܐ ܕܙܒܢܐ ܫܠܝܚܝܐ.
### ܕܝܢܐ ܐܚܪܝܐ
ܒܡܐܬܝܬܐ ܕܬܪܬܝܢ ܕܝܫܘܥ ܕܥܬܝܕ ܗܘ ܕܬܗܘܐ ܒܝܘܡܐ ܐܚܪܝܐ ܆ ܟܕ ܢܚܬ ܡܢ ܫܡܝܐ ܠܕܝܢܗ ܕܥܠܡܐ ܆ ܛܒ̈ܐ ܠܚܝ̈ܐ ܕܠܥܠܡ܆ ܘ ܒܝ̈ܫܐ ܠܕܝܢܐ ܕܠܥܠܡ.

ܣܕܪܐ:ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ
ܠܫܢܐ ܠܐܛܝܢܝܐ

**ܠܫܢܐ ܠܐܛܝܢܝܐ** (lingua Latīna) ܐܘ **ܠܫܢܐ ܠܝܛܢܝܐ** ܐܘ **ܠܫܢܐ ܦܪܢܓܝܐ** ܐܘ **ܠܫܢܐ ܪܗܘܡܝܐ** ܗܘ ܠܫܢܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ ܕܢܬܡܠܠ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܘܛܝܩܢ ܘܢܬܡܠܠ ܗܘܐ ܒܐܬܪܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ ܕܪܗܘܡܐ. ܢܬܟܬܒ ܠܫܢܐ ܠܐܛܝܢܝܐ ܒܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܠܐܛܝܢܝܐ܀

ܠܐܛܝܢܝܐ
ܐܢܛܘܠܝܐ

thumb|400px|ܐܢܛܘܠܝܐ ܡܢ ܫܡܝܐ

**ܐܢܛܘܠܝܐ** (ܝܘܢܐܝܬ: Ανατολία܄ ܛܘܪܩܐܝܬ: Anadolu) ܗܝ ܐܪܥܐ ܕܫܡܗ ܐܬܐ ܡܢ ܦܬܓܡܐ ܝܘܢܝܐ ܕAνατολή ("ܕܢܚܐ") ܐܘ Ανατολία ("ܐܪܥܐ ܕܕܢܚܐ")܄ ܦܫܝܛܐܝܬ "ܡܕܢܚܐ"܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܣܝܐ
ܩܪܩܦܬܐ

thumb|ܩܪܩܦܬܐ ܕܐܢܫܐ
[thumb|ܩܪܩܦܬܐ ܕ[ܟܠܒܐ]]
[thumb|ܩܪܩܦܬܐ ܕ[ܩܛܐ]]
[thumb|ܩܪܩܦܬܐ ܕ[ܣܘܣܝܐ]]
ܙܥܘܪܬܐ|ܩܪܩܦܬܐ 3D
**ܩܪܩܦܬܐ** (ܟܢܘܫܝܐ: **ܩܪ̈ܩܦܬܐ** ܐܘ **ܩܪ̈ܩܦܝܬܐ**) ܗܝ ܓܪܡܐ ܕܪܝܫܐ ܕܚܝܘܬܐ܂ ܩܪܩܦܬܐ ܗܝ ܐܫܬܐ ܕܐܦ̈ܐ ܘܬܪܚܦ ܡܘܚܐ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܝܘܠܦܢ ܨܪܘܝܘܬܐ
ܣܕܪܐ:ܓܪܡܐ
ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܝܕܝܐ

**ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܝܕܝܐ** (svenska) ܗܘ ܠܫܢܐ ܕܢܬܡܠܠ ܡܢ ܥܡܐ ܕܣܘܝܕ܀

ܣܕܪܐ:ܣܘܝܕ
ܣܘܝܕܝܐ
ܡܫܝܚܐ

**ܡܫܝܚܐ** (ܥܒܪܐܝܬ: מָשִׁיחַ܄ ܥܪܒܐܝܬ: المسيح) ܗܘ ܫܡܐ ܒܬܘܕ̈ܝܬܐ ܕܐܒܪܗܡ (ܝܗܘܕܝܘܬܐ ܘܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܘܐܣܠܐܡ) ܕܡܠܟܐ ܝܗܘܕܝܐ ܕܢܬܡܫܚ ܒܡܫܚܐ ܘܢܕܒܪ ܠܥܡܐ ܝܗܘܕܝܐ܂ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ ܚܕܬܐ ܢܬܩܪܐ ܡܫܝܚܐ "מלך המשיח" (ܡܠܟ ܡܫܝܚܐ)܂ ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܬܐܡܪ ܕܝܫܘܥ ܢܨܪܝܐ ܗܘ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܘܒܪܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ܂ ܝܘܢܐܝܬ "Χριστός" (ܟܪܣܛܘܣ ܐܘ ܟܪܝܣܛܘܣ) ܗܘ ܫܡܐ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ܂ ܐܣܠܐܡ ܐܦ ܢܐܡܪ ܝܫܘܥ (عيسى) ܗܘ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܐܠܐ ܠܐ ܗܘܐ ܒܪܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ܀
ܕܢܚܐ ܕܫܡܫܐ

[thumb|400px|ܕܢܚܐ ܒ[ܢܝܘ ܙܝܠܢܕ]]

**ܕܢܚܐ** ܗܘ ܩܝܡܐ ܕܫܡܫܐ ܡܢ ܡܕܢܚܐ ܒܪܝܫܐ ܕܐܝܡܡܐ ܟܠܝܘܡ܂ ܕܢܚܐ ܗܘ ܙܢܐ ܕܒܗܪܐ (ܫܡܐ ܕܒܗܪܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܕܠܠܝܐ ܗܘ ܚܫܟܬܐ)܀

## ܐܦ ܚܙܝ
*ܥܪܒܐ ܕܫܡܫܐ
ܫܒܘܥܐ

**ܫܒܘܥܐ** ܗܘ ܚܕܢܝܐ ܕܙܒܢܐ. ܒܚܕ ܫܒܘܥ ܐܝܬ ܫܒܥܐ ܝܘ̈ܡܝܢ. ܫܡܗ̈ܐ ܕܫܒܥܐ ܝܘܡ̈ܐ ܕܫܒܘܥܐ ܐܢܘܢ: 

* ܚܕܒܫܒܐ
* ܬܪܝܢܒܫܒܐ
* ܬܠܬܒܫܒܐ
* ܐܪܒܥܒܫܒܐ
* ܚܡܫܒܫܒܐ
* ܥܪܘܒܬܐ
* ܫܒܬܐ
ܠܫܢܐ ܓܪܡܢܝܐ

**ܠܫܢܐ ܓܪܡܢܝܐ** ܐܘ **ܠܫܢܐ ܐܠܡܢܝܐ** (Deutsch) ܗܘ ܠܫܢܐ ܕܢܬܡܠܠ ܒܓܪܡܢ ܘܒܢܡܣܐ ܘܒܣܘܝܣܪܐ ܘܒܠܝܟܛܢܫܛܝܢ ܘܒܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ܀

ܓܪܡܢܝܐ
ܟܬܒܬ ܐܝܕܐ

[thumb|300px|ܐܓܪܬܐ ܟܬܝܒܬܐ ܒ[ܐܢܓܠܢܕ ܒܫܢܬܐ ܕ1894]]

**ܟܬܒܬ ܐܝܕܐ** ܐܘ **ܟܬܝܒܬ ܐܝܕܐ** ܗܝ ܐܘܡܢܘܬܐ ܕܪܫܡ ܐܬܘܬܐ ܥܡ ܐܝܕܐ ܘܩܢܝܐ ܐܘ ܡܐܢܐ ܕܟܬܒܐ܀
ܛܘܪܩܡܢܣܛܐܢ

**ܛܘܪܩܡܢܣܛܐܢ** (ܛܘܪܩܡܢܐܝܬ: Türkmenistan, ܪܘܣܐܝܬ: Туркмения) ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܒܐܣܝܐ. ܐܝܬ ܠܗ̇ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܥܡ ܩܙܩܣܛܐܢ ܘܥܡ ܐܘܙܒܩܣܛܐܢ ܘܥܡ ܐܦܓܐܢܣܛܐܢ ܘܥܡ ܐܝܪܐܢ܀
ܦܐܩܣܛܐܢ

**ܦܐܩܣܛܐܢ** (ܒܐܘܪܕܘ: پاکستان܄ ܐܢܓܠܐܝܬ: Pakistan) ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܒܐܣܝܐ܂ ܦܐܩܣܛܐܢ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܥܡ ܐܝܪܐܢ ܘܥܡ ܐܦܓܐܢܣܛܐܢ ܘܥܡ ܨܝܢ ܘܥܡ ܗܢܕܘ܂ ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܒܦܐܩܣܛܐܢ ܢܡܠܠܘܢ ܒܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܐܘܪܕܘ ܘܒܐܢܓܠܝܐ܀