برامية (بطنقدميات)

**بَرَّامَة** أو **برامية** أو **مُبرجة** ، جنس من حلزون البحر متوسطة الحجم ذات سدلة (غطاء سدلي)، تتبع الرخويات بطنيات القدم البحرية في فصيلة البراميات.

تمتلك قواقع موصودة بإحكام، وشكلها العام مخروطي ممدود.

يأتي اسم تورِتيلا من الكلمة اللاتينية تورِتوس (turritus) التي تعني «مُبَرَّج» أو «برج» واللاحقة -ella لتصغير.
## الأنواع

### صالح
الأنواع الصالحة ضمن جنس البرامية مذكورة أدنا. تُمييز الأحافير بعلامة الخنجر "†".

* *[[Turritella acropora]]* (Dall, 1889)
* *[[Turritella albolapis]]* Finlay, 1924
* *[[Turritella algida]]* Melvill & Standen, 1912
* *[[Turritella anactor]]* Berry, 1957
* *[[Turritella annulata]]* Kiener, 1843
* † *[[Turritella apicalis]]* - Pleistocene of Florida
* *[[Turritella attenuata]]* Reeve, 1849
* *[[Turritella aurocincta]]* Martens, 1875
* *[[Turritella bacillum]]* Kiener, 1843
* † *[[Turritella badensis]]* - Cenozoic of Denmark, Germany and Poland
* *[[Turritella banksii]]* Gray in Reeve, 1849
* *[[Turritella bayeri]]* Petuch, 2001
* *[[Turritella bicingulata]]* Lamarck, 1822
* *[[Turritella broderipiana]]* d'Orbigny, 1840
* *[[Turritella caelata]]* Mörch in Dunker, 1858
* *[[Turritella capensis]]* (Krauss, 1848)
* *[[Turritella carinifera]]* Lamarck, 1822
* *[[Turritella chordata]]* Suter, 1908
* *[[Turritella chrysotoxa]]* Tomlin, 1825
* * [[Turritella cingulata]]* Sowerby, 1825
* *[[Turritella cingulifera]]* G.B. Sowerby I, 1825
* *[[Turritella clarionensis]]* Hertlein & Strong, 1951
* *[[Turritella cochlea]]* Reeve, 1849
* *[[Turritella columnaris]]* Kiener, 1843
* *[[Turritella communis]]* Risso, 1826
* *[[Turritella concava]]* Martens, 1880
* *[[Turritella conofasciata]]* (Sacco 1895)
* *[[Turritella conspersa]]* Adams & Reeve, 1850
* *[[Turritella cooperi]]* Carpenter, 1864
* *[[Turritella cornea]]* Lamarck, 1822
* *[[Turritella couteaudi]]* Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889
* † *[[Turritella crenulata]]* Nyst, 1844
* *[[Turritella crocea]]* Kiener, 1843
* † *[[Turritella cruzadoi]]* DeVries, 2007
* *[[Turritella decipiens]]* Monterosato, 1878
* *[[Turritella declivis]]* Adams & Reeve, 1850
* *[[Turritella dirkhartogensis]]* (Garrard, 1972)
* *[[Turritella duplicata]]* (Linnaeus, 1758)
* *[[Turritella dura]]* Mörch, 1860
* *[[Turritella elachista]]* Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889
* *[[Turritella exoleta]]* (Linnaeus, 1758)
* *[[Turritella fastigiata]]* Adams & Reeve, 1850
* *[[Turritella ferruginea]]* Reeve, 1849
* *[[Turritella fultoni]]* Melvill & Standen, 1901
* *[[Turritella fuscomaculata]]* Bozzetti, 2009
* *[[Turritella gemmata]]* Reeve, 1849
* *[[Turritella gonostoma]]* Valenciennes, 1832
* *[[Turritella hastula]]* Reeve, 1849
* *[[Turritella hookeri]]* Reeve, 1849
* *[[Turritella incisa]]* Reeve, 1849
* † *[[Turritella incrassata]]* - Pliocene of Belgium
* *[[Turritella knysnaensis]]* Krauss, 1848
* *[[Turritella leeuwinensis]]* (Garrard, 1972)
* *[[Turritella lentiginosa]]* Reeve, 1849
* *[[Turritella leucostoma]]* Valenciennes, 1832
* *[[Turritella ligar]]* Deshayes, 1843
* *[[Turritella lindae]]* (Petuch, 1987)
* *[[Turritella lyonsi]]* Garcia, 2006
* *[[Turritella maculata]]* Reeve, 1849
* *[[Turritella marianopsis]]* Petuch, 1990
* *[[Turritella minuta]]* Turton, 1932 
* *[[Turritella monilifera]]* Adams & Reeve, 1850
* *[[Turritella monterosatoi]]* Kobelt, 1887
* *[[Turritella nebulosa]]* Kiener, 1843
* *[[Turritella nodulosa]]* King & Broderip, 1832
* *[[Turritella praetermissa]]* (Dautzenberg, 1912)
* *[[Turritella punctata]]* Kiener, 1843
* *[[Turritella radula]]* Kiener, 1843
* *[[Turritella reevei]]* Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906
* † *[[Turritella riverae]]* DeVries, 2007
* *[[Turritella rubescens]]* Reeve, 1849
* † *[[Turritella salasi]]* DeVries, 2007
* *[[Turritella sanguinea]]* Reeve, 1849
* *[[Turritella sedanensis]]* (Martin 1905)
* † *[[Turritella steiningeri]]* Harzhauser, 2007
* *[[Turritella terebra]]* (Linnaeus, 1758)
* † *[[Turritella terebralis]]* Lamarck, 1799
* *[[Turritella torulosa]]* Kiener, 1843
* † *[[Turritella trempina]]* - Pliocene
* *[[Turritella triplicata]]* Philippi, 1836
* *[[Turritella turbona]]* Monterosato, 1877
* † *[[Turritella turris]]* - Early Miocene of Central Europe
* *[[Turritella ungulina]]* (Linnaeus, 1758)
* *[[Turritella variegata]]* (Linnaeus, 1758)
* *[[Turritella vermicularis]]* (Brocchi, 1814)
* † *برامية* Morton, 1834 - Late Cretaceous of South of North America
* *[[Turritella wareni]]* Ryall & Vos, 2010
* *[[Turritella willetti]]* McLean, 1970
* *[[Turritella yucatecana]]* (Dall, 1881)

[تصغير|يمين|A medium sized sea snail in a genus [الهند|India]]
### غير صالح
هذ الأنواع المخصصة للبرامية نُقلت إلى مرادفات مع أصنوفات أخرى::
* *Turritella (Torcula)* Gray, 1847: synonym of *Turritella* Lamarck, 1799
* *Turritella (Torcula) cochlea* Reeve, 1849: synonym of *[[Turritella cochlea]]* Reeve, 1849
* *Turritella acicula* Stimpson, 1851: synonym of *[[Turritellopsis stimpsoni]]* (Dall, 1919)
* *Turritella alternata* Say, 1822: synonym of *[[Bittiolum alternatum]]* (Say, 1822)
* † *Turritella andenensis* Otuka, 1934: synonym of *[[Neohaustator andenensis]]* (Otuka, 1934)
* *Turritella aquila* Reeve, 1849: synonym of *Turritella conspersa* Adams & Reeve, 1850
* *Turritella areolata* Stimpson, 1851: synonym of *[[Tachyrhynchus reticulatus]]* (Mighels & Adams, 1842)
* *Turritella auricincta* Martens, 1875: synonym of *[[Turritella aurocincta]]* Martens, 1875
* *Turritella bicolor* Adams & Reeve, 1850: synonym of *Turritella cingulifera* G.B. Sowerby I, 1825
* *Turritella brevialis* Lamarck, 1822: synonym of *[[Mesalia brevialis]]* (Lamarck, 1822)
* *Turritella canaliculata* Adams & Reeve, 1850: synonym of *[[Turritella cingulifera]]* G.B. Sowerby I, 1825
* *Turritella candida* Reeve, 1849: synonym of *Turritella gemmata* Reeve, 1849
* *Turritella cingulata* Sowerby, 1825 is a synonym of *[[Incatella cingulata]]* (Sowerby, 1825)
* *Turritella concava* Say, 1826: synonym of* [[Terebra concava]]* (Say, 1826)
* *Turritella congelata* Adams & Reeve, 1850: synonym of *[[Colpospira congelata]]* (Adams & Reeve, 1850)
* *Turritella costulata* Mighels & Adams, 1842: synonym of *[[Acirsa borealis]]* (Lyell, 1841)
* *Turritella costulata* Møller, 1842: synonym of *[[Eumetula arctica]]* (Mørch, 1857)
* *Turritella crenulata* (Donald, 1900): synonym of *[[Colpospira joannae]]* (Hedley, 1923)
* *Turritella erosa* Couthouy, 1838: synonym of *[[Tachyrhynchus erosus]]* (Couthouy, 1838)
* *Turritella eschrichti* Hölböll in Möller, 1842: synonym of *[[Acirsa borealis]]* (Lyell, 1841)
* *Turritella excavata* G. B. Sowerby III, 1870: synonym of *[[Turritella declivis]]* Adams & Reeve in Reeve, 1849
* *Turritella flammulata* Kiener, 1843-44: synonym of*Turritella ligar* Deshayes, 1843
* *Turritella fortilirata* G. B. Sowerby III, 1914: synonym of *[[Neohaustator fortilirata]]* (G. B. Sowerby III, 1914)
* *Turritella gracillima* Gould, 1860: synonym of *[[Turritella cingulifera]]* G. B. Sowerby I, 1825
* *Turritella granosa* Quoy & Gaimard, 1834: synonym of *[[Opalia granosa]]* (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)
* *Turritella imbricata* (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of *Turritella variegata* (Linnaeus, 1758)
* *Turritella knysnaensis* Krauss, 1848: synonym of *Turritella capensis* (Krauss, 1848)
* *Turritella lactea* Möller, 1842: synonym of *[[Mesalia lactea]]* (Möller, 1842)
* † *Turritella maiquetiana* Weisbord, 1962: synonym of *Turritella paraguanensis* Hodson, 1926
* *Turritella mediolevis* Verco, 1910: synonym of *[[Colpospira mediolevis]]* (Verco, 1910)
* *Turritella meta* Reeve, 1849: synonym of *[[Turritella gemmata]]*
* *Turritella monterosatoi* Kobelt, 1887: synonym of *Turritella turbona* Monterosato, 1877
* *Turritella nzimaorum* Ryall & Vos, 2010: synonym of *Turritella caelata* Mörch in Dunker, 1858
* *Turritella opalina* Adams & Reeve, 1850: synonym of *Mesalia opalina* (Adams & Reeve, 1850)
* *Turritella opulenta* Hedley, 1907: synonym of *[[Glyptozaria opulenta]]* (Hedley, 1907)
* *Turritella paraguanensis* Hodson, 1926: synonym of *Turritella variegata* (Linnaeus, 1758)
* *Turritella philippi* Aradas, 1842: synonym of *[[Acirsa subdecussata]]* (Cantraine, 1835)
* *Turritella polaris* Möller, 1842: synonym of *[[Tachyrhynchus erosus]]* (Couthouy, 1838)
* *Turritella spina* Crosse & Fischer, 1864: synonym of *[[Cingulina spina]]* (Crosse & Fischer, 1864)
* *Turritella reticulata* Mighels & Adams, 1842: synonym of *[[Tachyrhynchus reticulatus]]* (Mighels & Adams, 1842)
* *Turritella spirata* Sowerby I, 1825: synonym of *[[Eglisia spirata]]* (Sowerby I, 1825)
* *Turritella symmetrica* Hutton, 1873: synonym of *[[Stiracolpus symmetricus]]* (Hutton, 1873)
* *Turritella trisulcata* Lamarck, 1822: synonym of *Turritella vermicularis*
* *Turritella yucatecanum* Dall, 1881: synonym of *Turritella yucatecana* (Dall, 1881)

## المراجع

تصنيف:كائنات باقية ظهرت خلال الجوراسي المتأخر
تصنيف:براميات
تصنيف:حياة ما قبل التاريخ في أوروبا