Chad

**Chad** mè ìre **Chadi** (òrere **Republic of Chad** me usem Uket-chieen̄; mè ire **République du Tchad** me usem Furenchi, mè ire **Jumhūriyyat Tšād** me usem Arabu) ìre ido ijọn̄-ijọn̄ (kpunu emen-awaji) òkup me Afirika agan̄ Inyọn̄-etete [North-central]. Ido ìtatap ikana ọmọ ìre by Libia me agan̄ inyọn̄, Sudan me agan̄ mbum-ura, Ido Afirika Etete me agan̄ osiki, Kamerun me agan̄ osiki ichep-ura, Naijiria me agan̄ osiki ichep-ura (me Oyô Chad), mè Nijê me agan̄ ichep-ura.

Ama-ibot kan̄, mè ama òmimin ichit, ìre Njamena [N'Djamena]. Usem mkpulu me ido ya ìre usem Arabu eyi Chad mè Furenchi. Otoko ìkup me Chad mîwa iraka efit iba. Sa me orirọ ifuk-ene eyi acha 2009, otoko cha bene me ilile si re sọntiik, ìre: Sara (26.6%), Arabu (12.9%), Kanembu (8.5%), Masalit (7.2%), Toubou (6.9%), Masa (4.8%), Bidio (3.7%), Marba (3%), Dadjo (2.6%), Moundang (2.5%)Gabri (2.4%), Zaghawa (2.4%), Fula (2.1%), Tupuri (2%), Tama (1.6%), Karo (1.4%), Banguirmi (1.3%), Mesmedjé (1%), echichilọ (2.6%), ebi ofifi ido (0.7%). Isilam (51.8%) mè Kiristien (44.1%) ore erumfaka ìsisibi isi me emen ido ya. Ido ya ìbọkọ utelelek mè isibi me irak mkpulu ebi Furans  me 11 Ọgọs 1960. Okike ijọn̄ ido yi ìre 1,284,000 km²; mun̄ ire 1.9% me lek. Otu-ifuk ebi ìluluk me emen ìre ego 16.2 Ọmọ ore òso akọp jaaba me etete ido ebi ene ewabe ichit me emen. Ikpoko ema ekisa inyam ewe ìre furank eyi Afirika Etete [Central African CFA franc] eyi mgbidim erieen̄ kan̄ orebe XAF. Me emen ido yi, ekikọp ujijọn̄ me agan̄ ulom. Iman̄ ibot-ǹgwen [dialling code] ìre +235, sà iman̄ olik-etip [internet TDL] kiban̄ ore .td.

Chad îkaan̄ owuwa agan̄: agan̄ èwê èwê me agan̄ inyọn̄, agan̄ sayeli (nchat ijọn̄ òkup kire èwê, ire, sọntiik ibot îkirep) me agan̄ etete, mè agan̄ òkitibi inu ijaan̄ lek me agan̄ osiki. Oyô Chadi, eyi egwenbe ido ya ibak, ore ndek-ijọn̄ (wetland) òmimin ichit me Chad, mè ire òso iba òmimin ichit me Afirika.

Bene me òso mileniọm jaaba SK, ogbogbo ene mîkọp uran̄ inin̄ agan̄ mun̄ mun̄ me lek ijọn̄ ya. Me okputut adasi mileniọm AO, esese ido mè ijọn̄ ubọọn̄ mîbene mè irọn̄ si me agan̄ sayeli me Chad; geelek kiban̄ egwuun̄ chieen̄ me ikpukpulu oniin̄ mbubek òkije itibi Sayara òjeje itibi me agan̄ ya.

Furans mîtim ikpan̄ lek ijọn̄ ya me acha 1920 mè ikana ikikpulu ọmọ kire ge me lek Afirika agan̄ Ikwetọ eyi Furans [French Equatorial Africa]. Me acha 1960, Chad îkaan̄ lek mè isibi me irak mkpulu Furans sa me isasak oniin̄ kè François Tombalbaya. Ire, sa me ike ebi ìluk me agan̄ inyọn̄ me ido ya echabe ukot mkpulu [policy] kan̄, akọn̄ emen ido îbene me acha 1965 mè itim owuwa acha. Me acha 1979, ebi ìkitim ikeme mkpulu ido [the rebels] mîbọkọ ama-ibot ido ya, mè ibọkọ si mkpulu isan̄a me ubọk ebi agan̄ osiki. Ire, ebi ibot akọn̄ agan̄ inyọn̄ ya ìtitim ibọkọ mkpulu ya ebebene ikitim akọn̄ ema ema mege Hissène Habré, ene ge me etete kiban̄ ya, otimbe ikpan̄ ebilọ. Akọn̄ Chad mè Libia îbene me acha 1978 mgbọ ebi akọn̄ Libia enin̄be Chad. Akọn̄ keya ìnita me acha 1987 mgbọ ebi akọn̄ Furans esabe mbin akọn̄ [military operation], eyi ema egwenbe *Epervier*, ijibi inin̄ lek ikọ ya. Me 1990, ogwu ibot akọn̄ Idriss Habré îkpa mbin ikeme ogwu ibot mkpulu, Hissène Habré. Me 1990, sa me ntap-ubọk ebi Furans, mîbene inwene urum akọn̄ Chad itap me eyi aya ukot akọn̄ [modernisation of the Chadian army]. Akarake acha 2003, ufialek eyi Darfur me Sudan îgbuku igwook me lek ebi kè ama me Chad ìkup igbet okike ijọn̄ cha mè isa me ikeya irọ inyi mkpulu ido Chad ikakọt ìkaan̄ njennyisi. Ido yi îwuwuuk lek igbọọn̄, ire, òkisa lek ibọbọkọ efit efit obop ebi ìlibi mkpat akọn̄ inan̄a me Sudan inu iniluk me agan̄ mbum-ura Chad.

Owuwa otu-ogbo ifit-mkpulu òwa me ido ya, ire, unye mkpulu ìkup me ubọk kè Déby ogwu ibot mkpulu mè otu-ogbo ifit-mkpulu kan̄, òrere *Patriotic Salvation Movement*. Inu-ikpak òje me lek ifit-mkpulu mè otitọt ikpakpan̄ ogwu ibot mkpulu ìkpọkpọ ikimọnọ irek me emen ido ya kire ijo orukan̄ [plagued by political violence and attempted coup d'état]. Chad ore ge me lek ido ìgbọgbọọn̄ ichit mè ikaan̄ eru-ataak ichit [poorest and most corrupt] me linyọn̄. Owuwa ebi ido ya eluk me ugbọọri; ukot ọkọ kiban̄ ìre ikekiwop asabọn uko mè ikikpukpo anam inen mè inen gaalek. Akarake acha 2003, aran̄-ijọn̄ îkana achubọk inu òkisa ikpoko inan̄a me ebi kè ofifi ido inu; mè inikana imin igak mbubek kọtin òwuwuuk lek ikup akarake ujọn̄ọ mgbọ. Chad ìkakeke ìjaan̄ me agan̄ unen ebilene. Me mgbọ me mgbọ, ekpọkpọ ikinọ etip òfolek ike ekichakabe unen ebilene sa me ebi ikan-ido mè ebi akọn̄ ikekitet ebi ene itap me mkpọn; mè ikekikpan̄ ene mè ikekigban ebi ene ibe ekatitiin̄ mè ekanwọọn̄ esese utelelek ema mekinwọọn̄be. Mkpulu ido ekirọ otutuuk inu cha me mgbọ uwu-oyerebet kpenyi ida ibe erọ ikeya.

Ido yi îkaan̄ esese chieen̄ anam mè uti.

Ọgbọn̄:Ido