Benin

## '''Pinan Nikapolongan Kitakit(貝南共和國)'''

## '''Takaray a sowal''' (概略)
Pinan Nikapolongan Kitakit(Fransu a sowal:*La République du Bénin*; Kuwaping a sowal:貝南共和國或貝寧共和國). I’ayaw no 1975 miheca,Tahomi hananay a pangangan, toikor to i,o Pinan hananay to a palaheci a pangangan. 

Itiraay i saka’etip no Afrika a kitakit, o katelang ho a ngangan i, Dahomy(*Dahomey*) hananay a pangangan. Misi’ayaway to Ciniyawan(Ikiris a sowal:*Gulf of Guinea*；Fransu a sowal:*Golfe de Guinée;* Kuwaping a sowal:幾內亞灣）i saktimol, isakawali i,malafiyaway ato Niciliya, isaka’amis i,mada’edo’edoay ko pala ato Cilu, isa’amis no saka’etip i,mada’edo’edoay ato Pukinafaso, isaka’etip malafiyaw ato Toko Nikapolongan a Kitakit(Fransu a sowal:*République Togolaise ,Togo* ;Kuwaping a sowal : 多哥共和國:通稱多哥).

O dadahal no pala no Pinan i,114762㎢, o tamdaw i,1185 ko ofad(2020 miheca a sa’osi), o Syoto Singko(Fransu a sowal:*Porto-Novo*; Kuwaping a sowal:新港或波

多諾伏）o kaitiraan no Pikaian no Kitakit, o kaitiraan no sifo i,itiraay i Kotonu(Fransu a sowal:*Cotonou*; Kuwaping a sowal:柯多努）.

## '''Rikisi'''(歷史)
I sasifo’an no 17sici tahira i aikor tono 18 sici, o sakaay a kitakit itini i saka’etipay Afrika o Awyie Hontian Kitakit, caay ka o aniniay aca a Nayciliya, Pinan ato Toko ko mikowanan, halo roma a kitakit no Afrika ko makowanay, mahaop ko nipatirengan no Fong a finacadan a Tahomi Hontian Kitakit.[1] I saka 15 sici micowat a micomod ko Potawya i lilis no riyar a paliwal to koli; i 17 sici oya nani Apomi Dahetal (Frensu a sowal:*Abomey*; Kuwaping a sowal:阿波美）a Tahomi Hontian Kitakit, nornor sa micowat tayra i satimolan a lilis no riyar.[2] Nikawria,1851 miheca ma’eco no Fransu malanikowanan a pala, 1904 miheca patateko han to malamicongacongay a Sa’etipay Afrika no Fransu. 

I 1958 miheca misiiked a niyahpikowan a kitakit no Kapolongan no Fransu, 1960 miheca saka 8 folad saka 1 romi’ad malaheci ko pisiiked no Tahomi Kapolongan Kitakit, o sa’ayaway a congtong ci Maka ocoren ningra ko sofitay a mineker ko mitokeray cingranan a finawlan, nikawria, mafelih a malaplap no finawlan. O sofitay sato ko mikowanay to kitakit, tahira i ikor no 1972 miheca kinalima a misaliyaliyaw ko sofitay a mifelih to sifo, kinalima a mafalic ko mikowanay. 1970 miheca masang’ ko rikec oya toloay a kapapecihpecih to pala a Mikomoday i, tosa miheca macacaliw a malacongtong, oni kasasowalsowal to a mihadidi a ira ko hatiniay a faco no sici, orasaka, awaay ko ‘epoc nona sici a faco. Tahira to i 1972 miheca saka 10 folad saka 26 romi’ad o kakeridan no sofitay ci Matio-Koriko (Fransu a sowal:Mathieu Kérékou) keriden ningra ko sofitay a mifelih ko sifo, o sofitay to ko Nisatekedan a Mikowan, tona miheca saka 12 folad saka 1 romi’ad mafalic ko ngangan no kitakit, o Pinan Finawlan a Kapolongan Kitakit (Fransu a sowal:*République populaire du Bénin;* Kuwaping a sowal:貝南人民共和國). Tahira i 1990 miheca saka 3 folad saka 1 romi’ad, mafalic heca ko ngangan no kitakit o Pinan Kapolongan Kitakit ( Fransu a sowal:*La République du Bénin;* Kuwaping a sowal:貝南共和國).

## '''Kaitiraan''' (地理位置)
Itiraay i saka’etip no Afrika ko kitiraan no Pinan kitakit, misi’ayaway to Atolantis Riyar (Ikiris a sowal:*Atlantic Ocean; Kuwaoing a sowal:*亞特蘭蒂斯洋;大西洋). i saktimol, isakawali i,malafiyaway ato Niciliya, isaka’amis i,mada’edo’edoay ko pala ato Cilu, isa’amis no saka’etip i,mada’edo’edoay ato Pukinafaso, isaka’etip malafiyaw ato Toko Nikapolongan a Kitakit(Fransu a sowal:République Togolaise ,Togo ;Kuwaping a sowal :多哥共和國:通稱多哥). O dadahal no pala no Pinan i,114762**㎢.[3]**

## '''Palapalaan Etal'''(自然區域)
O kakarayanan i,masasiikeday ko katimol ato ka’amis a etal. O ka’amis i,tosaay ko kakarayan o kakedalan ato kafodo’an, o kafodo’an i,itiraay i saka 4~9 folad; katimol i,o Sifo'ay Konis no Cikiw a Faco a kakarayan, ira ko tosa a ka’oradan ato tosa a kakedalan a kakarayan, o kaoradan itiraay i saka 3~7 foald. Nani Wita tahira i Kotonu o Akola-Toko a lilisay no riyar amakedalay kakarayan, cecay a miheca ‘edeng 823 mm aca ko ‘orad. Nani Kotonu t ahira to Singko saadihay sanay to ko ‘orad a matongal, itira i Singko lalen no mihecaan a ’orad 1286 mm. I laloma’ay no karopaw i, o sakatosa a Sifo'ay Konis no Cikiw a Faco a kakarayan, cowa ka adihay ko ’orad. Ika’amis no Sawalo ono Katimolay fa’edetay a rengorengosan a kakarayan, tangsol saan a malowan ko ’orad, cowa ka hinaker ko kakarayan.

Polong no Pinan kitakit limaay ko kasasilsil no palapalaan etal:

1.o polong a lilis no riyar sahetoay o sano ngoyosay a tafotafokan ato nitaliyokan no tafokan a fanaw(*Marine   terrace*),sahetoay o malihocay masa’aporaway a pota’ ato malihocay no tereng ho a ’alo. Tosaay ko ’alo no Pinan, o cecay i,Posi-Ciw-Lowa ’alo, o cecay i, ingataay no Kotonu malalitingay ato Nokuay-Fanaw a tara riyar ko rakat no nanom.

2.O dita’dita’an a etal i, itiraay isaka’amis no riyaran etal, o cihanekay a sera itini, o ‘akawang nani tongroh no riyar 400 m. O talitok i,nani Apomi micodkap tahira i Lama-Sena’sena’an(*Lama March*) no Alata(*Allada*). 

3.O ‘akawang no Tahomi Dahetal i, latek ira ko 300~759 m, itini iraay ko sepat ala’emiay a ’oncoy, o nano dita’ a mala’ongcoay.

4.O Atala tokos itiraay i ka’amis no saka’etip a kalala’edan ato roma a kitakit. Ona tokos nani ka’amis no sakawali pasitira i katimol no saka’etip ko pasitiraan, o sakaay ko ’akawang a taporo i,2146 m ko ’akawang.

5. O dafdaf no Nilu ’alo itiraay i ka’amis no sakawali no Pinan.   

## '''Kasasilsil no sakowan'''(行政區劃)
Sepatay ko kasasilsil no sakowan no Pinan: Sen, siyen(si), cen ato cun, onini i,o nano ‘enemay a kitakit a sakowan, 1999 miheca sakilac han mala 12 a sakaay sakowan(Fransu a sowal:*départements*), 77 ko siyen(si)( 67 ko siyen 10 ko si).

Kasasilsil no sakowan no Pinan:

## '''Sici''' (政治)
Pakitinien i rikisi no Pinan i,pitoay ko Tatapangan a Rikec(Kinpo), o aniniay a Kinpo i, o Nikapolongan Pitopa ko sakalaheci i 1990 miheca saka 12 folad saka 2 romi’ad, pakainien tona Kinpo i,「patireng to no finawlan a kasasiromaroma a punka ato sarikec a kitakit」sanay ko piketon no tilid, mitayal to masasiikeday ko ’icel no Citodongay to Tayal no Sifo, Misanga’ay to rikec ato misawkitay, o congton ko faco no kitakit. O sinkiw no congtong ato kiing no pikaikian palacinowasen to cakasasifot ko tayal no kitakit, o congtong to, o kiing to malecad 5 ko mihecaan ko katayalan, o misanga’ay to rikec a kiing i, ira ko 83 ko kiing, o congtong i,o kakridan no sifo ato sawara’an no kitakit. 

## '''Kacacofelan a Demak'''(外交)
Tada kodefetay ko kacacofel ato Fransu. Mikapotay i Linhoko, Lekatep no Afrika(Fransu a sowal:*Union Africaine*; Ikiris a sowal:*African Union;* Kuwaping a sowal:非洲聯盟), Mapapadangay Lekatep no Islam,o Fransu ko sowal a kitakit kanatal.[5]

## '''Kicai''' (經濟)
Itini polong a kitakit, o Pinan i,o cecay no sacaay ka cemahad a kitakit. 2016 miheca o Kapolongan a Nitayalan a 'Epoc Ilaloma' no kitakit(*Gross Domestic Product; GDP*) opihinen i,83 oku kono Amirika a payso,o Lalen a 'Etan no 

(*per capita disposable income ,GNI*) ’edeng 749 aca no Amirika a payso.[6] O saka’orip a maamaan i,palawina sanay to liomah.[7] I sakatimolay a Niyaro’an Kitakit nano to’as malawidangay to ato Yoropa a tamdaw, orasaka, harakat ta to a misarocod to kasacecaceay a nipaloma’ to losay, onini ko sakanikaw to kaka’enen。Isakatimolay a etal ato Tahomi Dahetal o nipaloma’an i, o ’afinong, o ikemoday a heci ato simal no ‘afinong o sakakaay a nipasadakan a paliwl a dafong. O kaka’enen a losay i,ira ko konga, kyasafa, no lotok a konga, ‘ariray, naniwac ato kodasing.

I’ayaw no katomirengan no kitakit no Pinan, i ’afinofinongan ira ko tata’angay a misanga’ay to simal a kofa. Ipolong no kitakit no Pinan ira ko sepat ko hatiniay a kofa, 2 ofad ko ton to cecay a miheca. Yo misiiked to niyahpikowan ko Pinan i, o liomah no ’afinong ato misanga’ay to simal no ’afinong a kofa o sifo to ko mitatoyay, sa malowan ko tayal, ira to ko pidama no Congko ato Rosiya nga’ saidahi sanay to ko tayal no kofa, sa adihay sato ko masanga’ay a simal. Ira ho tosa a kofa o simal no ’afinong ko sapisanga’ to safon, ira ho ko pinapina a misanga’ay to ’akik no ’ongali no heci no ’afinong.

O pipaloma to takomod ikakaay ko ka fangcal itini i Afrika,o fatad no mi’alaan a takomod ato heci mipasakan a paliwal. 

I Pirma ’alo i,iraay ko ci’ekimay a tafok, i Kowuanto etal ira ko tadafakeloh, o kasolin a simal ira ko 1000 ofad ton sako pihinen.

## '''Tamdaw''' (人口與宗教)
I 2002 miheca i,660 ofad ko tamdaw, i 2013 miheca malafas to ko 1000 ofad,[8] i 2015 miheca ira ko 1088 ofad ko  

,[9] ona tamdaw i, sahetoay macaco’eco i katimol no kitakit,[10] tahira to i 2000 miheca o katongal no tamdaw i,mahaop ko 2.8%. 

O polong no Pinan kitakit ira ko 60 ko kasasiromaroma a finacadan, o sakaay i,o Fon Finacadan(itiya ho o Tahomi hananay a pangangan), i 2001 miheca a pisa’osi ira ko 170 ofad o sowal no Fon Finacadan ko hasowal to romi’ami’ad; o roma sa i,Olupa ko Pinangan(120 ofad ko tamdaw), Akan Finacadn(*Akan people*) 60 ofad ko tamdaw,Palipa Finacadan 46 ofad ko tamdaw, Ailu Finacadan 33 ofad ko tamdaw, Fula Finacadan 31 ofad ko tamdaw,ato Kang Finacadan 24 ofad ko tamdaw. I ngata no Isakatimolay a minatoan etal ira ko mamang a teloc no Polacilu Koli, ira ho ko cowa ka papina a Fransu ato Aciya a tamdaw ato Indo tamdaw.

O pitooran no Pinan a kitakit i,o Futo-Ciyaw(*Vodun vodṹ*;巫毒教,又譯伏都教)[11] ira ko 450 ofad (mahaop 60%) ko pakaso’elinay a tamdaw. 20% o masakristoay, 15%o Islam ko pitooran.

Ono sifo a sowal i,o Fransu a sowal, nikawrira, o sowal to romi’ami’ad i,o sowal no Fon-Finacadan.Yielupa sowal ato Palipa sowal. Adihay ho ko cowa ka fana’ to tilid a tamdaw, i 2000 miheca a pisa’osi i,o fainayan a mapohaway to tilid mahaop ko 43.1%, o fafahiyan tahiraay to i 75.3% ko kaadihay. 2001 miheca a piciwsiya o mitiliday a ka’emangay ira ko 89%, ilaloma’ i, o fafahiyan ‘edeng 73% ko mitiliday. Pinan ira ko tosa a Tata’angay a Pitilidan, orira i,no Kitakita Niptirengan a Taykaku*(National University of Benin)* ato Polaku Taykaku, oroma sato i,ira ko Kicic ato Sarocoday a 112 pitilidan, o kalopitilidan 246 ko pitilidan, no Ka’emangay 3558 ko pitlidan.[12]  

## Tahapinangan a Tilid(參考文獻)
[1] Bay, Edna. Wives of the Leopard: Gender, Politics, and Culture in the Kingdom of Dahomey. University of Virigina Press. 1998.

[2] Akinjogbin, I.A. Dahomey and Its Neighbors: 1708–1818. Cambridge University Press. 1967. OCLC 469476592.

[3] Annuaire statistique 2010 (PDF). INSAE: 49. 2012 [17 December 2015]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2016-03-04） （法語）.

[5] "Benin–International Cooperation" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Nation Encyclopedia (29 June 2010)

[6] Benin. International Monetary Fund. [17 April 2013]. （原始內容存檔於2016-04-07）.

[7] "Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. United Nations, 29 June 2010.

[8] BENIN en Chiffres [BENIN in Figures]. INSAE. [17 December 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2015-12-17） （法語）.

[9] File POP/1-1: Total population (both sexes combined) by major area, region and country, annually for 1950–2100 (thousands). World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision (United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division). July 2015 [17 December 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2015-12-22）.

[10] Hughes, R. H.; Hughes, J. S. A Directory of African Wetlands. IUCN. 1992: 301 [2016-10-04]. . （原始內容存檔於2016-05-08）.

[11] Wuto anoca Futu sanaay a sowal no Fon-Finacadan i ,o ‘Adingo , Kawas sanay ko imi.

[12] 贝宁国家概况. 中華人民共和國駐貝南共和國大使館. 2005-10-17 [2016-10-04]. （原始內容存檔於2016-05-15）.