Papua New Guinea

**Papua Niw Kiniya(巴布亞紐幾內亞)**

O tada ngangan nona kitakit sano Ikirisen I Independent State of Papua New Guinea, sano sowal no Papua Picin i Papua Niugini, sano Silimotu sowal i Papua Niu Gini, o ma’alaay a ngangan i o Papua Niw Kiniya, sa kantang han i Paniw. Itiraay I satimolan no Dadahalay Riyar, o malapotay a sera I fatad no sakawali no Niwkiniya pala, madado’edoay ko sera I saka’etip to Papua Sakowan no Inni,I katimol I mingataay to Auco, I ka’etip masasi’ayaw to Solomon riyaran pala. 

O na ngangan to Papua Niwkiniya hananay I,itiya awa ho a tayni ko Yoropa a tamdaw, O papua sanay a sowal I o pitoro’to riyaran pala。  Nani cowaay ko palamitan nona tilid hokiya, tahanini away ho mapatesekay a sowal. Ira ko cecay a sowal I nano sowal no Totori Tata’angay Laloma’an (蒂多雷蘇丹國)a sowal sanay(Tidore language),ona Laloma’an I o cecay a mikowanan no Kakita’an I Moluka riyaran pala I Inni.   o tatodong nona sowal(o imi nona sowal) ,「papu」o(malacecay)sanay,「a」o (milalangay),patateko han i 「cowa ka lacecay」ano ca, o「iraayay a pala(sa caka lacecay)」sanay. 
Ora Irian hananay ngangan I o pitoro’ toya riyaran pala ato Irian Sakowan a sowal no Inni,oya I Irian Barat sakowan. Ona sowal no maro’ay I Piyako riyaran pala a Piyako tamdaw a sowal, o imi ira i 「palowad」、「mapacakat」sanany, nipahadakan ni Markus Kaysipo i 1945miheca,yo kalomowadan ningra a malatapang no Irian Sakowan.

### Pi'arawan(目錄)
2	Takaray Sowal(概要)

3	Likisi(歷史)

4	Palapalaan ato kakarayan(地理與氣候)

5	Sakowan(行政區)

6	Sici(政治)

7	Punka ato Sowal(文化與語言)

8	Pihapinangan a Tilid(註腳)

### likisi(歷史)

I’ayaw no 8000 patek miheca, iraay to ko tamdaw a maro’ I takraway a tokos. Nani 18sici tahira I 19sici nga’ ira to ko kaysya no Olanta nani Patawiya a tayni mikowan tona kanatal, nikawrira,o lawac nona kanatal sahetoay o kilakilangan ato nanonanoman a henot, caayay ho ka nga’aay a ‘aroen no tamdaw, sa itira sanay ko tamdaw i hadhad no lawac no riyar a ma’orip. 
Itira sato i 19sici ‘aloman’aloman ko Yoropa a tamdaw mala’afa’afas a micowat hano niyah sakowan, 1884miheca o Ikilis ato Toic malapecih han ko NiwKiniya, ato I ngataay a kanatal. I 1906miheca patelas han no Ikilis a pafeli ko Auco toya mikowanan a sera mala no Auco to a samowan. 

Yo malaheci ko sakacecay a lalood no kaloakitakit,ma’eco no Auco koya mikowanan no Toic asera no PapuwaNiwkini, I 1920miheca,12folad,17romi’ad palaheci han to no Kocilinmon(國際聯盟) a papikowan ko Auco; I kalaloodan to sakatosa no kalokitakit, ma’eco no sofitay no Dipong ko na kitakit,yo malaheci to ko lalood I sano yanan han no Linhoko a papikowan ko Auco toya sakowan no Toic a pala, itiya sato I 1949miheca,oya nano sakowan no Ikiris ato sakowan no Toic palapolong han a palacecay, o 「PapuwaNiwkini Sakowan」han a pangangan.
Tahira sato I 1973miheca 12folad 1romi’ad, milikakawa to Niyahpikowan.1975mihwca, mapalasawad to ko pikowan no Auco nga’ tiring sanay to kona kitaki. 

### Palapalaan ato kakarayan(地理與氣候)
O polong no hadahal a sera no PapuwaNiwkiniya 462,840㎢, I sakatimolay no telong a konis no cikiw, o kala’oraday, mado’etay ko romi’ad itini. O I fa’edetay a kilakilangan kona pala itini, oria sakaadihay no maamaan a kina’orip, o killing to, o ’a’adopen to matahtah. 

O taliyok palapalaan I miriniay tono Auco, Niwcilan, ato I kawaliay no Inni a riyaran kanatal, malapot ko Solomon ato Wannatu.
O romi’ad sa I fa’eday, mado’etay to tepor no mihwca.

### Sakowan(行政區)
PapuwaNiwkiniya a kitakita I sepatay ko tata’angay a Sakowan(Rigion), onini ko kasa’ike’iked no tayal to, patiyamay to,ato kasasiromaroma no ‘orip no tamdaw. Tona sepat a tata’angay Sakowan I nipecihan ho to 22 asakowan(省) ato cecay a Niyahpikowan(Pusenwil Niyahsakowan) ato kamaro’an no sifo a Tata’angay Sakowan. O cecay a sakowan I nipecihan ho to maloniyaro’.
 

Syoto:Mosipi Minato1

.1.Sifo'ay a sakowan(central)

2.	Cinpo sakowan(Chimbu)

3.Ka’etipay a Takaraway pala sakowan(East Highlands)

4.	Kawaliay a NiwPuriteng sakowan(East New Britain)

5.	Ka’etipay a Sipik sakowan(East Sepik)

6.	Enga sakowan(Enga)

7.	Kihaw sakowan (Gulf)

8.	Matang sakowan(Madang)

9.	Manus sakowan(Manus)

10.	Milen a kihaw sakowan (Milne Bay)

11.	Moropi sakowan(Morobe)

12.	Niw Ayelan(New Ireland)

13.	Ka’amisay Oro (Oro Northern)

14.	Pukenpiri Niyahsakowan (Autonomous Region of Bougainville)

15.	Katimolay a Takaraway pala sakowan(Southern Highlands)

16.	Sa’etipay sakowan(Western)

17.	Sa’etipay Takraway pala sakowan(Western Highlands)

18.	Ka’etipay a NiwPuriteng sakowan(West New Britain)

19.	Santaw ka’etipay Sipik sakowan (Sandaun)West Sepik.

20.	Syoto Sakowan (Ntinol Capital District)

21.	Hila sakowan(Hela)

22.	Ciwaka sakowan(Jiwaka)

### Sici(政治)

O sici no PapuwaNiwkiniya a kitakit i, o Rikec no Tapang(君主立憲) ko pido’edoan no demak,o Tapan no kitakit I, o Fafahiyan Honti no Ikiris,nikawrira, caayay ka itini ko aro’ no honti, sa toro’ hananay ko Sotok a mikowan. O misang’ to rikec no kitakit ato mamikantok to komuing a pikaykian no kitakit(Lipoing) cecayay aca,o Tapang no sifo I o Congli(總理)，o kakeridan no sa’alomanay ko tamdaw I pikaykian ko cacitodong tora mamalatapang. O kiing no Lipoin I 111ko tamdaw, ilaloma’ no nini I 21 ko tamdaw to halokilac no 21 sakowan, 22 ko tamdaw ko halokilac no Syoto kamaro’an no Tata’angay sifo.

Ono sici a Tang(政黨) ira ko 40 ko kasasiromaroma a tang,ilaloma’ no nini to ci’icelay a tang o Kuominlinmon Tang, o Matayalay Tang, o Misopsopay kinairaira Tang,Masakapotay Tang,Panku Tang,Midayhyoway to Finawlan Tang, O Kalatamdaw ko Pi’arawan Tang,Matayalay Tang,Tara’ayaway Tang,PapuwaNiwkiniya Tang ato Aniniay ko ’orip Tang.

### Punka ato Sowal(文化與語言)

Itini I PapuwaNiwkiniya cisafaway to cecay a patek ko kasasiromaroma a sowal, oni ko kaira no kasasiromaroma a punka, sa ira ko masamaamaanay a mito’eto’an, sakero, sapi’adop, riko’ radiw, ato nipatirengan a dafong. Ona kasasiromaroma a punka i, masasiroma ko sowal. O nika’orip to romi’admi’ad o niyaro’ ko pi’arawan a mawmah,cecay a niyaro’ ma’edengay a komaen ko finawlan. Oroma sa I cowa ka o kamaomah aca, ko ’orip, mi’adopay, mi’alaay to I palapalaay a tali. O mawmahay to, o mi’adopay to, o mifotingay to oya inanengay a tamdaw o kakangodoan no finawlan.
Itira i salawacan no Sipik ’alo a niyaro’ i o mito’eto’ay to to’as ho a dafong, itini toya mito’eto’an a dafong mipahapinangan ko matiyaay ‘adingo no to’as.

O payso no PapuwaNiwkiniya I, o tolak no cekiw ko sapisanga’, mapalasawaday to i 1933miheca. Nikawrira, itira I kemoday no palapalaan a niyaro’ I,oninian ho ko kalapaysoan apinangan no tamtamdaw,o todongay o heci no punka, ano mi’ala to fafahiyan kadafo , o sainokay I o tolak no cikiw a payso. O sainokay no roma a niyaro’ o payso, o diyong,o ‘ayam.
O 「sing sing」hananay a ilisin no itira I tokotokosan a niyaro, tada o kakahemekan ko kasiromaroma a cengel no ca’edong, o sapipahapinangan to ‘adongo no ‘ayam, kilang ato tokas, cikafong to ciopihay,ciriko’ to tolak no ‘a’asopen, micipoh to laway ato tatirengan, masakero, romariw to no kalaloodan tata’angay demak.ci Safulo.

### Pihapinangan a Tilid(註腳)
[1] Pickell, David; Kal Müller. Between the tides: a fascinating journey among the Kamoro of New Guinea. Tuttle Publishing. 2002: 153. ISBN 978-0-7946-0072-3. ISBN 978-1-4128-1206-1.

[2] Tarmidzy Thamrin. Boven Digoel: lambang perlawanan terhadap kolonialisme. Ciscom-Cottage. 2001: 424 （印度尼西亞語）.

### kakafitan i papotal(外部連結)
* （英文）巴布亞紐幾內亞政府網站
* （英文）國家統計局 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
* （英文）《世界概況》上有關Papua New Guinea的條目
* （英文）開放式目錄計劃中和巴布亞紐幾內亞相關的內容
* Papua New Guinea at *UCB Libraries GovPubs*
* （英文） 維基媒體的巴布亞紐幾內亞地圖集 
* OpenStreetMap上有關巴布亞紐幾內亞的地理資訊