’Alic

## ’Alic (麻雀)
’Alic[1] (tilid a ngangan: Passer montanus), o nano ’alic a ’ayaman. (no ’Amis sowal: o ’alic, to’id, facacili, cilepa han a sowal ko matiniay a ’ayam). ’Alic paledef i Europe Asia a sahetal, Europe, tanokay Asia, kawali katimol Asia, kawali Asia manengneng itira ko matiniay ’ayam. Saheto i kilakilangan a misadipong, mikisafaay no romaroma a ’ayaman ko ka’eming nira, tatirengan saheto o lo’etimay ato kohecalay, kasasiroma to roma ’ayaman i, o kalalinah no ’alic i sekal o nicakadan.

## katadamaanan (特徵)
Ira ko cecay sasowalen: patinako mimingay a demak, hakairaira saan. Pakayni i ’alic “miminf ko ’alic, kahirahira saan ko tina’i”. sako patinako.

Tatirengan no ’alic mimingay, o kakaya’ 12.5 tangasa 14cm[2], mamoko’ kimolo ko tiring, o pinalomaan ko nikaenan nira. O fanges no tawinaay tamangawan malecaday ko cengel, o tangal ato ’ailocan o mameliay, pising o kohecalay, papisingan ira ko kohetingay cengel, matiniay a cengel o kacipinangan to ’alic katadamaan, sacisowal sa ko mikingkiway, itini i sakapot naira o sakoheting sanay ko tali’elan tata’ang ko tiring, masapinang ko kakoheting; lo’etim ko fafaeday tireng, ci sapeno to kohetingay, i sapikpikan[3], mimingay a opihan, sa’ayaw opih o lo’etimay ko kakoheting; parafas to kohecalay i sapikpik; wikol o lo’etimay; kalaeno kohecalay; lo’etim ko tamataan; sakalat no ngoyos kimoloay, tata’ak , sakoheting, masalo’etim ko saripa’ masalo’etimay. (nengnengen i syasing)

O matinay a ’ayam masasifoday ko palalecad to no loma’ay a ’alic. Nika matiniay a ’alic malo’etimay, o tangal masa no fodawan, kohecalay ko pising patilid to kohetingay.

## O kakaenen (食物)
Macacamolay ko kakaenen no ’alic ’ayam, midotoc to kasasiroma no romi’ad kasasiroma no kakaenen, o kacangalahan kaciherangan malenak ko fao, kaawaayan no kaciheci no pinalengaw, o kalofao konikaenan, maraod ko kafalawfawan kasi’enawan no romi’ad, kasapinalengaw halo nipalomaan no tamdaw a kilang a heci, malowan ko kasadak no fao, o kakaenen no ’alic o masamaanay a falo, heci, kasapinaloma ko makaenay; o nia mihecaan i maciay ma’oripa ’alic mananamay to i tokay ko pi’oripan, mafana’ay mikilim to tamdaw to pifolesak to kakaenen, itira sa i kasasiroma no romi’ad a cisakanga’ay ira no kakaenen.

## Kalenakan ato pidipot (繁殖與保護)
kalenakan no ’alic satapang i mihecaan saka 3 – 4 foladan, itiya misadipong cangra o rengos ko sapisanga’, ma’icangay ca’ang ko sapisadipong patireng, o kaitiraan misadipong i parapatan ano eca i notamdawan nisanga’an to sihif, roma i papotal manga’ayay i kasaco’ed no kikay, pa’acefelan, pifa’edetan to nanom a dohdoh, misanga’ to kalifotan. O kacifita’olan i saka 5 – 6 folad, o fita’ol kohecalay ira ko kasatopa, kafitelakan 12 ko romi’ad ta ciwawa itiya mikkilim to fao sapakaen.

O kalasofocan ko ’alic, kasafeleng tata’ang, caay ko maomalasawad. Nika o Congko milepel ko kitakit mipatay 57 walwalan ko kaadhay, o nia mihecaan a sa’etal a ’alic mato masereray malowan, mangalef o katimolay no Congko a maci malasawaday to. Aniniay i Congko a ’alic o sakadama no kitakit ano eca saka ira no kicay, pikingkiwan to ’a’adopen a todong. O manan caayay haydaen tatiih milepel, pa’aca, malokakaenen, o mamilifet to telek a rikec.

## Tataparan no liyok (生態環境)
O miiriray ko ’alic to tamdaw, dademak sa itira i liyok no ’alomanay kadademakan no tamdaw, kahiceraan naira ato pikiliman naira to kaka’enen Iitira i niyaro’, nika itiraay i dafdaf, itira i takaraway lotok awaaay manengneng caira. Nawhani miingiray to tamdaw ko ’alic, itira sa i kadademakan no tamdaw ko kaitiraan naira, orasaka sacisowal sa ko tamdaw i cairaan o “mafana’ay ma’efer a ’edo”.

Orama manengneng caira i kasakilangan misadipong, nika o ’alic i kafafalic nomihecaansaheto o masafelengay, itiraay i ’adihayay ko dihif a kilangan. Caay ka fangcal ko pisadipong naira, o sapisadipong a sakatayal adihay, halo rengos, ma’icangay semot, fanoh no siri, opih. Oroma itira caira i dihif no ’ongcoy, tapangan no kilakilangan, ano eca itira i sa’aliwal no loma’ misadipong. Kinacecay misofoc to 4 – 6 a fitaol, kasapinangan 5 fitaol.

## Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
1. Passer montanus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. [1 October 2016]. 資料庫資料包含說明此物種被編入無危級別的原因

2. Mullarney et al. 1999，第342頁

3. 王瑞芳. 浅析“三有动物”的法律保护. 中國網. 2014-09-15 [2020-04-28]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-21）.

## Naicowaay (來源)
1.Mullarney, Killian; Svensson, Lars; Zetterstrom, Dan; Grant, Peter. Collins Bird Guide. London: HarperCollins. 1999. .

## Papotalay calay (外部連結)
麻雀(Passer montanus (saturatus))鳴聲

http://libproject.hkbu.edu.hk/was40/detail?channelid=44273&searchword=herb_id=D00265

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