Aciropayciyang

## Azerbaijan(亞塞拜然共和國)

## Aciropaycyang Kapolongan Kitakit (亞塞拜然共和國)

## Takaray sowal (概要)

O **Aciropaycyang Kapolongan Kitakit** (Azərbaycan Respublikası), o Aciropaylan hananay kalopangangan (Azərbaycan), o mi’awasay to Aciya ato Yoropa itiraay i Papotalay a kitakit. O contong safacoan ato Kinpo ko Pido’edoan a Kapolongan Kitakit, o kamaro’an i, o kacacofelisan no Sa’etipay Yoropa ato Sawalian Yoropa.[1] Isakwali mililisay to Kaspi Riyar (Caspian Sea, Aciropaycyang sowal: Xəzər Dənizi), isaktimol matatongod to Ilang (Posi sowal: جمهوری اسلامی ایران‎, Jomhuriye Eslâmiye Irân), isak’etip malafiyaw ato Arminiya, Torki ato Ciociya, isaka’amis malafiyaw ato Rosiya. O cila’eday a miliyasay a sakowan no Aciropayciang Nasicifan Niyahsakowan (Aciropayciang sowal: Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası, 5500 km2 ko kakahad) malaingiday to mamang ato sawalian no sa’etipan no Torki. 

O ngangan nona kitakit i, nani to’asan sowal no Posi「o sera no namal」[2] sanay ko imi nona sowal. O sera nona kitakit i, sahetoay ono Aciya, cawa ka hakowa ko itiray i Yoropa, nikawrira, o Yoropa kami sanay ko noniyah a pangangan. 

Mapatireng ko Aciropayciyang Finawlan Kitakit i 1918 miheca saka 5 folad saka 28 romi’ad, o sarakatay a o alomanay ko Moslim Pitooran a ihekalay a no Finawlan Kitakit.[3] 

O sarakatay a mipatirengay to pisifayan ato Aniniay Tata’angay Pitilidan a Moslim a kitakit.[4] I 1920 miheaca o sarakatay a patireng to Sowiaisyakaisyuki Kapolongan Kitakit mikapotay to Rosiya Lekatep, [5] tahira to i ’ayaw no ka tekopan no Solin i 1991 miheca saka 8 folad saka 30 romi’ad milekal to Pisiiked a Niyahpikowan. 

I Rikec no kitakit toya Kinpo cowa ka pihapinang a mitoro’ tono malakitakit a pitooran, nikawrira, o saci’icelay i sici a mikowanay o pasitiray ihekalay a faloco’, o sa’alomanay no polong no tamdaw ato mitokeray to sifo i, sahetoay o Sinyie kasacinowas.[6] Tada takraway ko Cemahadan a Sa’osi no Tamdaw (Human Development Index), milecaday to Isa’etipay Kitakit ko katakaraw.[7] O mafana’ay to tilid a tamdaw i, ikakaay to ifiyaway kitakit.[8] O awaay ko tayal a tamdaw cowa ka hakowa.[9] Nikawrira, o malawacoay to payso a tatiihay demak ma’edefay tona kitakit, mangalefay ko malakomoingay matayalay tono sifo a tayal.[10] I 2009 miheca toya Kapolongan Pitopa to pakayniay i Rikec no Kitakit Kinpo, mapalasawad no Finawlan Pikaikian ko tolas no kalacontong a mihecan, o aniniay a Fa’elohay a Aciropayciyang Kasafelaw (*Yeni Azərbaycan Partiyası*) ko citodongay to Tayal no Sifo tahanini, mapacoliay to no roma a kitakit ko Salongoc no Kalotamdaw ato Mitekeday Kasafelaw a Tayal.[11]

## '''Tatapangan no ngangan''' (名稱詞源)
Ano kadkaden a misahapinang ko tatapangan nona ngangan i, nani tiraay i saka’amis no Ilan o Tapolis ko tatapangan a Atoloppatos Tadamaanay Laloma, an (Kirisya sowal: *Aτρoπάτης, * o samatelangay a Posi a sowal, o mahedongan no namal sanay ko imi.)[12] ona ci Atolopatos a kakeridan no Laloma’an i, o nani tiraay i Aciminito Hontian Kitakit (Ikiris sowal: *Achaemenid Empire*) a malahontiay a Posi a tamdaw.[13] To ikor to i, malakakeridan ho no Alisanta Tadahonti (To’asan Kirisya sowal: *Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' ὁ Μακεδών*, o Alisanta hananay i, o midipotay to polong a tamdaw sanay ko imi), sa maocor tara i Miti Hontian kitakit (*Median dynasty*) mala honti.[14] I samatelangay a sowal no Posi o Folawaciasos (fravaši) sowal saan: *âterepâtahe ashaonô fravashîm ýazamaide, * o mifelihan nani Awisto (*Avestan*) sowal: mita’ong kami to tadafangcalay a Folawaci no Atolopatos.[15]

To ikor to i, o laloma’an no Atolopatos patireng sato tono niyah a Atolopotoni Hontian Kitakit (Kirisiya sowal: *Ατροπατήνη*) itiraay i aniniay a kaitiraan no Ila Aciropaycyang a reked. Ona Atolopatos sanay a sowal itira i To’asan a Kirisiya sowal: 「madipotay no (gangcaly) lamal」, ano ca 「o pala no (fangcalay) lamal」sanay ko imi.[16] Ma’awas ko kasapatepatek a mihecahecaan, ona ngangan nani sarakatay a *Āturpātākān* kinapinapina to a mafalic to *Ādharbādhagān*, *Ādharbāyagān* ato *Āzarbāydjān, * ta tahini sato  tono aniniay a *Azerbaijan* ko kafalic. Ona ngangan tonini ano do’edo’en kono aniniay a sowal no Posi, matatodong a falicen to「o pina’angan to dafong a ariri」, 「o ariri no lamal」ano ca「lamal a kitakit / o lamal a sera」sanay.[17]

I sa’aya’ayaw ho ona「Aciropayciyang」hananay a ngangan i, o 「IlanAciropayciyang」koni toro’an, ora sa o aniniay「Aciropayciyang」a ngangan, itiraay i 1918 mihecaan yo mapatireng ko Aciropayciyang Kapolongan Kitakit a sarakatay a hangangan no kitakit, [18] to ikor to sa o ninian sato ko macacorokay a ngangan, itiya ho ona pangangan i, mapacoli malalang no Ilan sifo. 

## '''Rikisi''' (歷史)

### '''I’ayaway no kairaan no tilid ato to’ato’asan a rikisi (史前和古代歷史)'''
I aikor to no fakelohan ho a mihecahecan, iraay to ko naikoran no tamdaw a ma’orip i palapalaan no Aciropayciyang, makakafikafitay ato Acuhe Dihif no Nakorna-Kalapahe.[19] (Arminiya sowal: *Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ*, Aciropayciyang sowal: *Dağlıq Qarabağ*; Decdecan a sowal no Holam: *納卡*).

Oya itiraay i Aciropayciyang a Tacirier Dihif (*Tağılar*), Tamtamsyali Dihif (*Damdzhaly*), Caer Dihif (*Zar*), Yataci-Yieli Dihif (*Yataq-yeri*), Liyalatopo (*Leylatepe*), Kopustan Rakarakaan Dihif ato Salatopo Tadetademan (*Saraytepe*) adihay a mahera ko Saikoray no Katelangay Fekelohan a Mihecahecan ato Saikoray no Karifowa a Mihecahecaan a naikoran no punka.[20]

Mahaop ko Scitiya Tamdaw (Kirisiya a sowal: *Σκυθία*, Ikiris a sowal: *Scythia*)*, * oya sarakatay a maro’ itini a tamdaw, i’ayaw ni Yisoan a mihecahecan to saka 9 sici, iraay to a maro’ i Aciropayciyang.[21] Na kataynian no Scitiya Tamdaw, o Ilan a tamdaw no Miti Hontian Kitakit mikowanay to to satimolan no Alas ’Alo.[22] O kasakakaay a kacemahadan no Miti Hontian Kitakit itiraay i i’ayaw ni Yisoan a mihecahecan nani 900 ~700 miheca, itiya sato i’ayaw ni Yisoan a mihecahecan latek i 550 miheca ma’eco no Acimiyato Hontian Kitakit (Ikiris a sowal: *Achaemenid Empire*; Posi a sowal: اهنشاهی هخامنشی‎ *Emperâturi-ye Hakhâmaneshiyan, *o Posi Hontian Kitakit hananay ho a mitahidang) ko Miti Hontian Kitakit. I pikowanan no Miti a mihecahecaan i, satapangay to a matenak ko Soloyasto Pitooran (Posi a sowal: زرتشتی‌گری‎; Ikiris a sowal: *Zoroastrianism*; Holam a sowal: *祆教, 拜火教*) itini tona palapalan.[23] To ikora to i, ma’eco ni Alisanta Honti no Maciton kona pala, malapecih ho no Saylyuko Hontian Kitakit (Kirisiya a sowal: Αυτοκρατορία των Σελευκιδών). Iaikor nonini i, ittiya i I’ayaway ni Yisoan a miheca i saka4 sici milingato a mikowan ko itiraay i sakawali no sa’etipan no Aciropayciyang a Yiencumin o Kaciyaso a Arminiya tamdaw ton apala, patireng to marecepay no punka no Arminiya a Misiikeday Kitakit.[24] Itini tona mihecahecan i, o Soloyasto Pitooran micowat a matenak tayhira i Kawciyaso ato Atolopotoni a palapalan.[25] 

I’ayaway ni Yisoan a miheca i saka 4 sici ~saka 3 sici, o Arminiya Tamdaw patireng to Artako Hontian Kitakit (Arminiya a sowal: *Արտաշեսյան արքայատոհմ*) ikatimol no saka’etipay no aniniay a Aciropayciyang, itiya to i I’ayaway ni Yisoan a miheca i saka 189 ~saka 426 miheca, o katimolay no sakawali a palapalaan (mahaop ko Nasicifan Niyahsakowan (Aciropayciang sowal: Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası, 5500㎢ ko kakahad) mapatateko i Tata’angay Arminiya Hontian Kitakit, o Artakosya Honti ato Asasis Honti (Posi a sowal: امپراتوری اشکانی‎*, Emperâturi Ashkâniân*); Holam a sowal: *安息帝國*) ko cacorok sanay a mikowan.[26]

I kalaloodang no Paycancin ato Sasan (*Byzantine–Sasanian wars*) a mihecahecan, o Arminiya Hontian Kitakit tatootoor sa ma’eco no Paycancin (ikor ni Yisoan a miheca 378 miheca) ato Posi-Sasan Honti ko Arminiya, sanoyanan sato a matekop kona kitakit. I Arminiya Hontian Kitakit iraay ko macacamolay ko masasiromromay a finacadan a Artakosi Sakowan ato Yutiko Sakowan malapala no Kawciyaso Arminiya Hontian Kitakit I 378 miheca.[27] 

### '''Mikasalaloma’an a mihecahecaan''' (''Feudalism'' 封建時期)
I 252 miheca, Kawciyaso Arminiya a Hontian Kitakit malamikotoday a kitakit no Sasan Hontian Kitakit, i saka 4 sici o honti no Kawciyaso Arminiya ci Wrnayl saso’elin han a pala no kitakit a pitooran ko Kristo.[28] Talacowaan makowakowan no Sasan Honti ko Kawciyaso Arminiya, nikawrira i’ayaw no saka 9 sici paka’osaway ho to mafataday a Niyahpikowan. Talacowacowa maha’eming a makowan no Sasan Honti ko Kawciyaso Arminiya, ma’osaway ko Tapang no Finawlan[29] (*Monarchy*). Naikoran no kalomowad no Wimaya Hontian a Kitakit no Islam ato picowat no Islam to Posi, nornor sato a ma’emin a makowan ko Kawciyaso.

O Kawciyaso Arminiya paso’elin to kinatosa a malalitemod ko Wawa ni Kristo ci *Javanashir* ato Halifamoya (*Muaviya*) no Wimaya Hontian Kitakit, itiya i sakacecay a kalalitemodan (667 mihecahecan) mihai ci Halifamoya to sa’eli ni *Javanashir* to sapisakahemawan to kaletengay sata, nawhan i, mahapinangan to ko ‘icel ni *Javanashir* itini tona palapalaan, talacowa mikotoday kitakit no Halifamoya ko Kawciyaso Arminiya, nikawrira i laloma’ no niyah a sakowan i, ma’osaw ko piteked to tayal.[30] Iaikor tono Wimaya Hontian Kitakit a Halifako Apas Hontian Kitakit malowan to ko ’icel, saadihay sato a masadak ko Mamulokosotan Honti (*Sulṭanat Misr al-Mamālīk / ed-Devletü't-Türkiyye*), Sacita Honti, Salali Honti ato Powisi Honti (بویه‎ *Āl-e Buye*) a malaafaafas a mipecih to sakowan. Tahira to i sa’ayaway no saka 11 sici, macowat heca no nani sifo’ay Aciya a Toci (*Türk*). Ona Tocie tamdaw mipatireng to sarakatay a Tata’angay Sayercu Hontian Kitakit (*Büyük Selçuklu İmparatorluğu*), ona kitakit i 1067 miheca tahiraay i aniniay a Aciropayciyang ko pisakakahad a micowat to pala.

I’ayaw no kataynian nona Toci (anoca o Torki tamdaw) a tahini tona pala, oya itiniay to a maro’ a Arciropayciyang a tamdaw mafana’ay to somowal to pinapina a Indo-Yoropa Sasowalan, Kawali no Saka’amis no Kawciyaso sasowalan, ilaloma’ nonini i, o Arminiya[31] a sowal ato o cecay a sowal no Ilan o TelangayAsayloy Sowal (*Old Azeri language*) hananay i, nornor sato mafalic malaToci a sowal, ona sowal i, ono aniniay a sowal no Aciropayciyang.[32] O sapihapinangawan tona cecay a sowal no Ilan, o nani Torki-Aciropayciyang a sowal han, o Asayloy Sowal han, tangsol hananay to malo Asayloy Sowal ko pisa’osi, nawhan i, o Toci a sowal ato Toci a tamdaw i sowal no Posi misiikedan o「Asaloy」hananay a pasasi'ike'iked a misaheto. Nikawrira, ira ko papinapina o micacekiway to sasowlaen a singsi i, o IlanAciropayciyang ato ilaloma’ay no  

Kapolongan Kitakit o somowalay to KawciyasoTati a sowal (*Tat language of Caucasus*) a Tati Tamdaw (T*at people*) misiikedan o nano osaw a posak no Asayloy.[33] 

Nani saka 11 sici o mikowanay tona palapalan i, o Sayercu Hontian Kitakit (aniniay Torki a sowal; *Büyük Selçuklu İmparatorluğu*; Posi a sowal: دولت سلجوقیان‎), ikor to i, o Atepiko Tata’angay Laloma’an, patireng to Ayertikoci Hontian Kitakit (*Eldiguzids*) i Arciropayciyang, pakirayrayen i, o malamikotoday no Sayercu Sotan (o kakeridan no Tadamaanay a Laloma’an), nikawrira, ano latek o so’elinay a mikowanay i, o Atepiko. I pikowanan no Sayercu Honti, itini tona aniniay a Arciropayciyang a kitakit irako tadamaanay a mi’olicay a tamdaw ci Nicami (Posi a sowal: نظامی گنجوی‎; Arciropayciyang a sowal: *Nizami Gəncəvi*) ato ci Kakoni (*Khaqani*), ora ko saka cemahad no mi’olicay a punka no Ilan.

Taha aikor to macowat no Timor Honti ko Sayercu Hontian Kitakit sanoyanan sato a matekop. Oya mikowanay to Arciropayciyang a Sirfan (Arciropayciyang a sowal: *Şirvan*) Honti malamikotoday no Timor Hontian Kitakit. Mapatay to ci Timor Honti i, masadak ko tosa matatokeray a Cisakowanay: o Kohetingay a Hotian Kitakit (*Türkmenler Түркменлер*) ato Kohecalay a Hontian Kitakit (*White Sheep Turkomans*). Oya sato ci Sirfan miliyaw haca a mitatoy to Sakowan a ’icel, o tadasakakaay a niyah pikowan a mikowanay. 1501 niheca macowat mapades no Safi Hontian Kitakit, iikor tono pikowan no Sirfan samatiya sato ko ka’aloman no Sinyie 

kasafelaw a tamdaw (Arapiya a sowal: شيعة‎, *Shīʿah*; Ikiris a sowal: Shia; Holam a sowal: *什葉派*) to Sunni Kasafelaw a tamdaw (Arapiya a sowal: أهل السنة والجماعة‎, *ʾAhl ūs-Sunnah wa āl-Ǧamāʿah*; Holam a sowal: *遜尼派*)[34].

### '''Aniiay a mihecahecaan'''(現代)
O aiikoray no Safi Hontian Kitakit a mikowanay tona pala i o Afesar Hontian(Ikiris a sowal:*Afshar*) ato Santo Hontian(Posi a sowal:سلسله زندیه；Ikiris a sowal:*Zand dynasty*）no Ilan, ato cowa aka halafin pacarcaray a mikowan a Kacar Hontian(*Qājār dynasty*), ona mikowanan no Kacar a pala no Arciropayciyang itini i,isatapangan no 19 sici a lalood i,malowid no Rosiya sa kilit han mipecih a pafeli ko Rosiya Hontian Kitakit,nikawria, yo katekopan no Santo Hontian ato sa’aya’ayaw ho pikowan no Kacar Hontian, itini tona palapalan tada adihay ko misiikeday to niyah pikowan a Kawciyaso Han Kitaki.[35]

Tahira to i saka 3 sici, makowan no Posi a tamdaw ko Arciropayciyang,i 642 miheca matapi’ no Arapiya Halifa(*ḫalīfah/khalīfah*) o Arapiya Hontian Kitakit. Tangasa sato i saka 11 sici tahira i saka 13 sici masafaco to ko kalafinawlan, i saka 9 sici tahira i 16 sici awa ko tolas matatootoor ma’eco no Toci Tamdaw, Monko Tamdaw atp Posi Tamdaw.

I saka 18 sici, o honti no Rosiya ci Pitor Tata’angay Honti(Rosiya a sowal:*Пётр Алексе́евич Рома́нов*) ato ci Kasalin Tata’angay(Ikiris a sowal:*Catherine II* ;Rosiya a sowal:*Екатерина Алексеевна*)，misa’icel a palowad to sakarihaday ato sakaci’icel no Rosiya, orasaka, i ikor tono sasifo’an no 18 sici satapang to mifolekok(patalaw)to saka’amis no Posi, 30 mihecaan ko kalalood to Posi, 1828 miheca oya saka’amisay a pala no Aciropayciyang ma’afas a mapatateko i Rosiya, o sakatimol a pala osaw ha malo cecay a sakowan no Posi, tona miheca matatilid ato Tokoman to kakaketonan mihapinang to lowis no Rosiya ato Posi.

Nani sasifo’an no 19 sici adihay ko makarkaray a simal i Pako, orasaka matongalmatongal ko kacidafong ato kacakat no ’orip itiniay tamdaw. Tahira to i 1990 a mihecahecaan malapi’arawan to kasakitakita ko Pako, makayhid ko masamamaanay a matayal tamdaw a tayni tona niyaro, ira ko masasiromaromaay a Syakaisyuki ato Makosisyuki, onini ko kasasifod no demak no ’orip no tamtamdaw.

1920 miheca,ma’eco no Kahengangay Sofitay no Rosya ko Aciropayciyang, toya miheca to saka 4 folad saka 28 romi’ad patireng to Aciropayciyang Sowiay Syakaisyuki Kapolongan Kitakit, saka tosa miheca i 1922 miheca saka 3 dolad saka12 romi’ad mapapolong to Cyociya(*Georgia*) ato Arminiya patireng to Papotalay Kawciyaso Syakaisyuki Kapolongan Kitakit, tona miheca i saka 12 folad saka 30 romi’ad mikapot ko Aolin tona Kapolongan Kitakit, tahira sato i,1936 miheca saka 12 folad saka 5 romi’ad mala no cecay no Solin Lekatep kona mipolongan a kitakit.

O citanengay a tamdaw no Aciropayciyang adihay ko nipatayan ni Stalin toya Tata’angay a Pisawsaw a Demak ningra, mangalefay to pipades no Kiwsanto to mitooray to Kawas a tamdaw.

Itiya i 1969~1982 mihecahecan, awa to ko ’epoc no saka’orip no kalotamdaw, itini to a milekal ko sakakaay soci no Aciropayciyang Kiwsanto ci Aliyif(Rosiya a sowal:*Гейда́р Али́евич Али́ев*) to sapisa’icel a mikorac to maco’osay to dafong ato payso no finawlan, nikawrira, caay ka pakatena’ to tatenak no misailailaay a misapades to kalotamdaw a matayal no sifo a komuin. 

Tahita sato i 1990 miheca masiwar no kafahekaan a kafalic no Sa’etipay Yoropa ko Aciropayciyang, caay ka pakatosa miheca macodadaf ko pisa’eli to sakasiikedaw to niyah pikowan, mitoker(o Pako niyaro’ ko pi’arawan) to pipapatay no Arminiya to tamdaw no Aciropayciyan, tongal sato ko kasafodfod nona kitkait, onini ko sakapicomod no Kahengangay Sofitay no Solin i Pako sa’aloman sato ko mapatayay a tamdaw, sa pangangan han to「To’emanay a Sakacecay Folad」(latek 147 ko mapatayan, 800 ko madoka’ay),tona pi’enec a demak malowan to ko sapisiikedaw to niyah pikowan a ’icel, tahira to i 1991 miheca, itira i Solin mafelih no sofitay ko sifo, sa ira sato ko halalan to sapisiikedaw no Aciropayciyang, 1991 miheca saka 8 folad saka 30 romi’ad lekal sato to to Pisiiked a Niyah Pikowan, patireng to Aciropayciyang Nikapolongan Kitakit.

Nikawrira, to roma a folad i saka 9 folad, ira ko langiwngiw no ilaloma’ay no Aciropayciyagn a tamdaw, o Nakorno Kalapahe a Pala o Arminiya a tamdaw ko ’alomanay a maro’ , miliyaw heca cangra a pasowal to naifaloco’ay ko sapiliyasaw to Aciropayciyang.[36] Ona sakowan a pala ono Aciropayciyang a sera sanay ko kalokitakit, nikawrira, naka lalloodan i 1991 miheca o Arcahe Nikapolongan Kitakit(Nakorno Kalapahe Nikapolongan Kitakit, sanay ko roma a pangangan) ko maro’ay a mikowan ton apala, i 1994 miheca, matatilid to palasawad to lalood a kakaketonan, o Rihaday ato Patomaliway Saopo no Yoropa ko citodongay to pakasasowal tona fangafang,[37] itira sato i 2020 miheca telep sato kona lalood, adihay ko ma’alaay a patatiko no Aciropayciyang a sera.

## '''Palapalaan(地理)'''
Itiraay i katimol no Kaciyaso lotolotokan ko Aciropayciyang Nikapolongan Kitakit, isakawali i, misi’ayaway to Kaspis Riyar(Lihay),isaka’amis i,malafiyaway ato Rosiya, isaka’etip i,malafiyaway ato Arminiya ato Cyociya, isakatomol i,madado’edo ato Ilan. O pala no Aciropayciyang i, makalofatad no lotolotokan, o laylay nona lotok i, o Pasatoci ’Apocok, itiraay i Kaciyaso lotolotokan, o tongroh no riyar i,4,740 m, o itiraay i Youropa a pala ira ko 1 ofad ko㎢.

Kahenayay a mafalic ko kakarayan no Aciropayciyang, isasifo’an ato isakawali i,o ma’icangay ko kakarayan, ikawali no sakatimol kala’oraday. O tatapangay a tokay Pako mililisay to Kaspis Riyar, orasaka i kasi’enawan dihekoay, isakacecay a folad o lalen no fa’edet 4℃, isakapito a folad o lalen no fa’edet 25℃. Ika’amis ato isa’etip a tokotoksan si’enaway to mamang, i kaciferangan o lalen no fa’edet 12℃, i kasi’enawan a lalen no fa’edet -9℃. 

O ’orad no Aciropayciyang to cecay a miheca sahetoay 200 hawmi aca ko ’orad, nikawrira, ira ko pinapina a pala patinako han i takaraway tongroh no riyar no Kawciyaso lotok ato sakawali no satimolan a Lankolang dafdaf kala’oraday, cecay miheca marawisay ko 1000 hawmi ko kaadihay no ’orad. Polongen a somowal i, o palapalan no Aciropayciyang, i falawfawan ato kalaloodan o so’emetay a kakarayan, i kaciferangan o ma’icangay ko kakarayan.

## '''Sici (政治)'''
Pakainien i rikec no kitakit to Kinpo i, o adihayay ko kasafelaw no sici, makalifataday ko Sakowan ’Icel no congtong, nikawrira, caayay ho ka o polong no finawlan ko misiwasiway to tayal no sifo, orasaka, pakaininen i「O Finawlan ko Pi’arawan a Sa’osi」(*Democracy Index，民主指數*) o Nisatekedan a Mikowan ko sici nona kitakit. O tapang no kitakit i,o congtong,o sakatosa a congtong i,o mido’edoay to congtong a malatapang no kitakit, o kakeridan no sifo i,o soli(congli). O mamisang’a to rikec no kitakit i, malacafayay ko sifo ato Pikaikian no Kitakit. I 1991miheca saka 12 folad, mapalaheci ko Nikapolongan Pitopa to pisaiked a niyahpikowan, miliyas to Solin. O aniniay a congtong no Aciropayciyang i, ci Ilihamu Kaita Awkoloy Aliyief(*İlham Heydər oğlu Əliyev*‎) , o mikapotay to Mikikawananay a Safelaw no sici. O sakaka’ay a misanga’ay to rikec no kitakit i,o Pikaikian no Finawlan.

## '''Kacacofelan a Demak'''(外交)
Mikapotay ko Aciropayciyang i Sakanga’ay no Hekal a Lekatep(*World Health* 

*Organization, WHO*), no Hekal a Kiking Lekatep(*International Monetary Fund，IMF*),no Hekal a Kinko(World Bank，WB),Sapicemahad a Kinko no Aciya(*Asian Development Bank，ADB*), Licikay no Yoropa(*Council of Europe*), o Sakarihaday ato Sakapapadang a Lekatep no Yoropa(*Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe，OSCE*), o Rihadayay a malaKapotay a Nisafacoan(*Partnership for Peace*， PfP),o Saka’amisay a Riyaran a Kakaketonan Lekatep(*North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO*), o Hekalay malali’acaay a Lekatep(*World Trade Organization, WTO*),o Hekalay Dingwa a Lekatep(Fransu a sowal:*Union Internationale des Télécommunications, UIT*, Ikiris a sowal:*International Telecommunication Union*, *ITU*), o Toci Punka a Hekalay Lekatep(Torki a sowal:*Uluslararası Türk Kültürü Teşkilatı, TÜRKSOY*),o Siikeday a Kitakit a Lekatep(Rosiya asowal:*Содружество Независимых Государств*,CIS, o Katelangay a AmuFinawlan ato Sapicemahad to Saka’orip a Lekatep(*Organization for Democracy and Economic Development*), ono Tamdawan Salongoc Licikay no Linhoko(*United Nations Human Rights Council*).

## '''O kasaikiked a sakowan'''(行政區劃)

O kasaikeiked a sakowan no Aciropayciyang i,ira ako 56 ko saokowan, 11 ko tokai, cecay ko Nasicifan niyahpikowan a kitakit(*Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası*).

## '''Kicai'''(經濟)
Aciropayciyang a kitakita i,tada rifo’aday to kasoline simal ato kaso no palapalaan, o tatapangan a tokai Pako nani tiya ho Solin a mihecahecaan inganganay to i hekal.[38] Orasak o tatapangan a saka’orip a dafong no kalotamdaw ko kasolin ato kaso,oni pasadakan i cowacowa a kitakit pa’aca mahaop ko 90% no kalodafong, o ’etang no matayalay tono kasolin ato kaso ikakaay no polong no kitakit to 5 a kasatiwtiw ko kaadihay.

Tili’en ko pipolong a pisa’osi no citodongay to pilisata a demak,i’ayaw no fatad no 2021 miheca, o plong a ’eten to kafafalic to lalosidan ira ko 126.76 ok ko payso no Amirika. Silsilen i la’eno: gasoline simal(69.47%), gaso no pala(16.39%),loasay ato dateng(4.27%),dafong nani simal(2.12%),soka ato misanga’an(1.21%), takomod ato keriw(0.77%),dinki(0.54%),’enor ato dafong(0.53%), naisimalay dafong(0.53%).kilakilangan ato ’a’adopan a simal(0.13%), towaso(0.13%),sato、’odax(0.10%),’epah ato nananomen(0.09%), ociya(0.06%), ato romaroma(3.35%).

Tahira i 2021 miheca saka cecay a folad saka cecay a romi’ad, o nisopedan a payso no Amirika i, ira ko 495.813 ok ko kaadihay, ilalpma’ nonini i, Aciropayciyang no kitakit a kiking no simal ira ko 433.233 ok ko payso no Amirika, mahaop ko 87.4%; o tatapangan a kinko no Aciropayciyang kitakit i, 62.58 ok ko payso no Amirika, mahaop ko 12.6%, nikawrira o kiyam i, polongen ira ko 99.1 ok ko payso no Amirika.[39] 

## '''Tamdaw''' (人口)
I 2009 miheca a pisa’osi to tamdaw no Aciropayciyang, silsilen ko kasasiroma:

## '''Pitooran''' (宗教)
O ikakaay a pitooran no Aciropayciyang a kitakita i, o Islam a pitooran, o polong no tamdaw nona kitakit mahaop ko 97% a tamdaw o Moslin[40](o Sinyi a saiked mahaop ko 85%,Sonni a saiked mahaop ko 15%),[41] itini i hekal o sakatosa a kitakit ko ka’aloman no Sinyi a saiked.[42] I Aciropayciyang adihay ko kasasiromaroma no finacadan, kasasiromaroma ko pitooran nangra, do’edoen ko Tatapangan Rikec no Kitakit tora Kinpo hananay i, o Aciropayciyang a kitakit i,no Hekalan a Kitakit, orasaka, paifaloco’ay ko kapitoor. I nani 2006 miheca tara 2008 miheca a Kailopo Pikadkad i,[43] o tadamaanay a cecay no saka’orip no niyam to romi’ami’ad ko pitooran sanay a tamdaw i, o ’edengan 21% ko sa’osi, orasaka, itini i hekal o caay ka tada mirecep i demak no ’orip ko pitooran a Islam a kitakit, o pakainiay i punka yo sanay a Moslin, cowa ko pakainiay i faloco’ ko pitooran.

O roma a pitooran itini tona kitakit i, ira ho Kristo pitooran ato Yotaya pitooran.

## Tahapinangan a Tilid (註)
[1] 亞塞拜然可以被認為是亞洲或歐洲國家。聯合國將其分在西亞地區，CIA世界概況 CIA.gov和NationalGeographic.com以及大英百科全書以及中華人民共和國外交部也認為亞塞拜然屬於亞洲國家。也有來源認為亞塞拜然屬於歐洲國家的：BBCNEWS.bbc.co.uk和Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary以及 Worldatlas.com。

[2] Azerbaijan: Early History: Persian and Greek Influences. U.S. Library of Congress. [2006-06-07]. （原始內容存檔於2012-12-12）.

[3] Tadeusz Swietochowski. Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. Columbia University Press, 1995. ,  and Reinhard Schulze. A Modern History of the Islamic World. I.B.Tauris, 2000. , .

[4] E. Cornell, Svante. The Politicization of Islam in Azerbaijan. Silk Road Paper. 2006: 124, 222, 229, 269–270.

[5] Swietochowski, Tadeusz. Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. 哥倫比亞大學出版社. 1995: 69, 133 [2015-01-31]. . （原始內容存檔於2021-05-17）; Pipes, Richard. The Formation of the Soviet Union: Communism and Nationalism 1917–1923 2nd. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 1997: 218–220, 229. .

[6] Cornell, Svante E. Azerbaijan Since Independence. M.E. Sharpe. 2010: 165, 284. Indicative of general regional trends and a natural reemergence of previously oppressed religious identity, an increasingly popular ideological basis for the pursuit of political objectives has been Islam.... The government, for its part, has shown an official commitment to Islam by building mosques and respecting Islamic values... Unofficial Islamic groups sought to use aspects of Islam to mobilize the population and establish the foundations for a future political struggle.... Unlike Turkey, Azerbaijan does not have the powerful ideological legacy of secularism... the conflict with Armenia has bred frustration that is increasingly being answered by a combined Islamic and nationalist sentiment, especially among younger people... All major political forces are committed to secularism and are based, if anything, on a nationalist agenda.

[7] Human Development Index and its components (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. [2015-02-03]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-01-05）.

[8] Literacy rate among schoolchildren in Azerbaijan is 100% – UN report （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） – News.Az – Published 28 October 2011.

[9] CIA The World Factbook. CIA. [2014-01-14]. （原始內容存檔於2019-01-06）.

[10] Azerbaijan and the 2013 presidential election UK Parliament briefing paper, 25 October 2013; Transparency International CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2012. [2015-02-03]. （原始內容存檔於2013-05-28）.

[11] Introduction: Azerbaijan. CIA World Factbook. [2014-03-06]. （原始內容存檔於2019-09-17）; Human Rights Watch: Azerbaijan. Human Rights Watch. [2014-03-06]. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-14）.

[12] Houtsma, M. Th. First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936 reprint. BRILL. 1993. .; Schippmann, Klaus. Azerbaijan: Pre-Islamic History. Encyclopædia Iranica. 1989: 221–224. . 

[13] Minahan, James. Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States. Greenwood Publishing Group. 1998: 20F. .; Chamoux, François. Hellenistic Civilization. John Wiley and Sons. 2003: 26. .; Bosworth A.B., Baynham E.J. Alexander the Great in Fact and fiction. 牛津大學出版社. 2002: 92. .

[14] Chaumont, M. L. Atropates. Encyclopædia Iranica 3.1. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1987 [2015-02-02]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-12）; Swietochowski, Tadeusz. Historical Dictionary of Azerbaijan. Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press. 1999. .

[15] Darmesteter, James. Frawardin Yasht. Avesta Khorda Avesta: Book Of Common Prayer reprint. Kessinger Publishing. 2004: 93 [2015-02-02]. . （原始內容存檔於2018-09-29）

[16] Azerbaijan: Early History: Persian and Greek Influences. U.S. Library of Congress. [2006-06-07]. （原始內容存檔於2012-12-12）.

[17] Azerbaijan: Early History: Persian and Greek Influences. U.S. Library of Congress. [2006-06-07]. （原始內容存檔於2012-12-12）.

[18] Swietochowski, Tadeusz. Russian Azerbaijan, 1905-1920: The Shaping of a National Identity in a Muslim Community. Cambridge University Press. 2004: 129. .

[19] Azakov, Siyavush. National report on institutional landscape and research policy Social Sciences and Humanities in Azerbaijan (PDF). Institute of Physics. 亞塞拜然國家科學院. [2007-05-27]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-11-16）.

[20] Musabeyli, Nacaf. Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline Boosts Azerbaijani Archaeology. Visions of Azerbaijan. 2007年, 2 (3): 48–53頁 [2015-03-14]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-12）.

[21] Azerbaijan: Early History: Persian and Greek Influences. U.S. Library of Congress. [2006-06-07]. （原始內容存檔於2012-12-12）

[22] Swietochowski, Tadeusz. Historical Dictionary of Azerbaijan. Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press. 1999. .

[23] Chaumont, M. L. Albania. Encyclopædia Iranica. 1984 [2015-02-27]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-26）.

[24] Encyclopædia Britannica. Azerbaijan. Chapter History （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

[25] Chaumont, M. L. Albania. Encyclopædia Iranica. 1984 [2015-02-27]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-26）.

[26] Maps and accompanying commentary in Hewsen, Robert H. Armenia: a Historical Atlas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001: map 19 (奧龍特斯王朝, p. 33), map 20 (提格蘭二世統治時期, p. 34, map 21 (阿爾塔克西王朝, p. 35), map 27 (阿薩息斯王朝, p. 45; A. E. Redgate. The Armenians. Blackwell Publishers. Oxford. Maps 2.1, 7.2, 8.2.

[27] Hewsen, Robert H. Armenia: a Historical Atlas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001, p. 102.; Robert H. Hewsen. Ethno-history and the Armenian influence upon the Caucasian Albanians. Classical Armenian culture: Influence and creativity, Scholars press, Philadelphia, 1982, p.33.

[28] Kalankatuatsi Movses; Traducido del antiguo armenio por Sh. V. Smbatian. 亞美尼亞國立古籍館 , 編. History of the Land of Aluank. 葉里溫. 1984年: 27頁.

[29] Chaumont, M. L. Atropates. Encyclopædia Iranica 3.1. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1987 [2015-02-02]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-12）.

[30] Gurbanov, Abbas. The Spread of islam. Visions of Azerbaijan. 2010年: 62–66頁 [2015-06-14]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-12）.

[31] Hewsen, Robert H. Armenia: a Historical Atlas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001, map Caucasian Albania.; Robert H. Hewsen, "Ethno-History and the Armenian Influence upon the Caucasian Albanians, " in Classical Armenian Culture: Influences and Creativity, ed. Thomas J. Samuelian (Philadelphia: Scholars Press, 1982), p. 45; Hewsen, Robert H. Armenia: a Historical Atlas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001, pp. 32–33, map 19 (shows the territory of modern Nagorno-Karabakh as part of the Orontids Kingdom of Armenia); Моисей Хоренский. Армянская География VII в. Перевод Патканова К.П. СПб., 1877. стр. 40, 17.; Hewsen, Robert H. "The Kingdom of Artsakh, " in T. Samuelian & M. Stone, eds. Medieval Armenian Culture. Chico, CA, 1983.

[32] Yarshater, E. The Iranian Language of Azerbaijan. Encyclopædia Iranica III/2. 1987 [2015-06-15]. （原始內容存檔於2017-11-17）.

[33] Ludwig, Paul. Proceedings of the Third European Conference of Iranian Studies 1 Nicholas Sims-Williams (ed.). Cambridge: Wiesbaden: Reichert. 1998. .; Roy, Olivier. The new Central Asia: geopolitics and the birth of nations reprint. I.B. Tauris. 2007: 6. .

[34] R. Ward, Steven. Immortal: a military history of Iran and its armed forces. Georgetown University Press. 2009: 43. .; Malcolm Wagstaff, John. The evolution of middle eastern landscapes: an outline to A.D. 1840, Part 1840. Rowman & Littlefield. 1985: 205 [2015-08-30]. . （原始內容存檔於2021-05-12）.

[35] Bertsch, Gary Kenneth. Crossroads and Conflict: Security and Foreign Policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia. Routledge. 2000: 第297頁. .; Nafziger, E. Wayne; Stewart, Frances; Väyrynen, Raimo. War, Hunger, and Displacement: Analysis. Oxford University press. 2000: 第406頁 [2015-08-30]. . （原始內容存檔於2021-05-12）.; Kashani-Sabet, Firoozeh. Fragile Frontiers: The Diminishing Domains of Qajar Iran. International Journal of Middle East Studies. May 1997, 29 (2): 第210頁. doi:10.1017/s0020743800064473.; Baddeley, John Frederick. The Russian Conquest of the Caucasus. Harvard University: Routledge. 1908: 第71頁 [2015-08-30]. . （原始內容存檔於2021-05-12）.; Avery, Peter; Hambly, Gavin. The Cambridge History of Iran. Cambridge University Press. 1991: 第126頁. .

[36] Zürcher, Christoph (2007). The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict, and Nationhood in the Caucasus ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). New York: New York University Press. p. 168. .

[37] 聯合國. Резолюция СБ ООН № 822 от 30 апреля 1993 года. [2015-02-01]. （原始內容存檔於2012-05-30）（俄語）; 聯合國. Резолюция СБ ООН № 853 от 29 июля 1993 года. [2015-02-01]. （原始內容存檔於2012-05-30）（俄語）; 聯合國. Резолюция СБ ООН № 874 14 октября 1993 года. [2015-02-01]. （原始內容存檔於2012-05-30）; 聯合國. Резолюция СБ ООН № 884 от 12 ноября 1993 года. [2015-02-01]. （原始內容存檔於2012-05-30）.

[38] 石油史话 巴库油田的兴衰. 中國石油. [2021-06-14]. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-14）.

[39] 2020年阿塞拜疆宏观经济指标. 中華人民共和國商務部. 駐亞塞拜然共和國大使館經濟商務處. [2021-06-04]. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-04）.

[40] Mapping The Global Muslim Population (PDF). [2011-05-22]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-05-19）.

[41] Administrative Department of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan – Presidential Library – Religion Archived 2011-08-21 at WebCite. (PDF) . Retrieved on 1 July 2017.

[42] Mapping the Global Muslim Population | Pew Research Center （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Pewforum.org (7 October 2009). Retrieved on 1 July 2017.

[43] GALLUP – What Alabamians and Iranians Have in Common （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） – data accessed on 19 August 2014