Konrad Adenauer

**Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer** (* 5 Januarie 1876 in Keulen; † 19 April 1967 in Rhöndorf; eintlik Conrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer) was vanaf 1949 die eerste bondskanselier van die Federale Republiek van Duitsland (Wes-Duitsland). Naas hierdie amp, wat hy tot en met 1963 beklee het, het hy tussen 1951 en 1955 gelyktydig ook as minister van buitelandse sake gedien. 

Konrad Adenauer het in die regte gestudeer en sy politieke loopbaan as lid van die Rooms-Katolieke Sentrumparty reeds in die Duitse Keiserryk en die Republiek van Weimar begin. Hy was burgemeester van Keulen, afgevaardigde in die Pruisiese Herehuis en voorsitter van die Pruisiese Staatsraad waar hy hom vir die belange van die Rynland beywer het - 'n streek waaraan hy hom sy lewe lank verbonde gevoel het. In die tyd van die Nasionaalsosialistiese bewind is hy van sy ampte onthef en tydelik in hegtenis geneem.

Ná die Tweede Wêreldoorlog was Adenauer een van die stigters van die Christelik-Demokratiese Unie van Duitsland (CDU) en het sestien jaar lank, tussen 1950 en 1966, as leier van dié party gedien. As president van die Parlementêre Raad, eerste bondskanselier en minister van buitelandse sake het hy sterk invloed op die politieke ontwikkeling van Wes-Duitsland uitgeoefen. Adenauer, wat in die ouderdom van 73 as kanselier verkies is, het vir Bonn as nuwe setel van die federale regering gepleit, 'n streng westerse beleid gevolg, samewerking in Europa en 'n aktiewe rol van Wes-Duitsland in die NAVO-alliansie bevorder. Hy het 'n streng anti-kommunistiese binnelandse beleid gevolg en ook ferm opgetree teenoor die Sowjetunie en sy Oos-Europese satellietstate. In ekonomiese opsig was hy 'n voorstaander van 'n sosiale markekonomie.

## Bronnelys
* Bark, Dennis L., and David R. Gress. *A History of West Germany. Vol. 1: From Shadow to Substance, 1945–1963. Vol. 2: Democracy and Its Discontents, 1963–1991* (1993), a standard scholarly history.
* Bozo, Frédéric, and Christian Wenkel, eds. *France and the German Question, 1945–1990* (Berghahn, 2019)
* Brady, Steven J*. Eisenhower and Adenauer: Alliance maintenance under pressure, 1953–1960* (Rowman & Littlefield, 2009).
* Craig, Gordon. *From Bismarck to Adenauer: aspects of German statecraft* (1958) pp 124–148 online.
* Craig, Gordon A. "Konrad Adenauer and His Diplomats." in *The Diplomats, 1939–1979* (Princeton University Press, 2019) pp.&nbsp;201–227. online
* Cudlipp, E. *Adenauer* (1985) online. for middle schools.
* Daugherty III, Leo J. "'Tip of the Spear': The Formation and Expansion of the Bundeswehr, 1949–1963." *Journal of Slavic Military Studies* 24.1 (2011): 147–177.
* Dönhoff, Marion. *Foe into friend: the makers of the new Germany from Konrad Adenauer to Helmut Schmidt* (1982) online
* Dülffer, Jost. "'No more Potsdam!' Konrad Adenauer's Nightmare and the Basis of his International Orientation." *German Politics and Society* 25.2 (2007): 19–42.
* Feldman, Lily Gardner. ''Germany's Foreign Policy of Reconciliation: From Enmity to Amity'' (Rowman & Littlefield; 2012) 393 pages; on German relations with France, Israel, Poland, and Czechoslovakia/the Czech Republic. excerpt 
* Grundy, Steven Crawford. "The Sino-Soviet Alliance in Konrad Adenauer's Chancellorship, 1945–1963." *Diplomatic History* 47.1 (2023): 139–160.
* Hanrieder, Wolfram F. *Germany, America, Europe: Forty Years of German Foreign Policy* (1989)
* Hanrieder, Wolfram F. *West German Foreign Policy, 1949–1979* (Routledge, 2019)
* Heidenheimer, Arnold J. *Adenauer and the CDU: the Rise of the Leader and the Integration of the Party* (1960)
* Hiscocks, Richard. *The Adenauer Era* (1966) online
* Ivanova, Teodora. "A Founding Father of Europe: Konrad Adenauer's Role in the Construction of the European Union." *Amsterdam Review of European Affairs* 1 (2022): 119–26. online 
* Kleuters, Joost. "Adenauer's Long Shadow." in *Reunification in West German Party Politics from Westbindung to Ostpolitik* (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012) pp.&nbsp;107–122.
* Maulucci Jr., Thomas W. ''Adenauer's Foreign Office: West German Diplomacy in the Shadow of the Third Reich'' (2012) excerpt 
* Merk, Dorothea, and Rüdiger Ahrens. "'Suspicious Federal Chancellor' Versus 'Weak Prime Minister': Konrad Adenauer and Harold Macmillan in the British and West German Quality Press during the Berlin Crisis (1958 to 1962). A Critical Discourse Analysis." in *Europe in Discourse: Identity, Diversity, Borders* (2016) pp 101–116 online 
* Merkl, Peter H. (1962). "". *American Political Science Review*. **56** (3): 634–650.
* Rovan, Joseph. *Konrad Adenauer* (1987) 182 pages excerpt and text search 
* Schwarz, Hans-Peter. "Adenauer's Ostpolitik." in *West German Foreign Policy: 1949–1979* (Routledge, 2020) pp.&nbsp;127–143.
* Schoenborn, Benedikt. "Bargaining with the bear: Chancellor Erhard's bid to buy German reunification, 1963–64." *Cold War History* 8.1 (2008): 23–53. online
* Schoenborn, Benedikt. "Chancellor Erhard's silent rejection of de Gaulle's plans: the example of monetary union." *Cold War History* 14.3 (2014): 377–402 online
* Witzthum, David. "David Ben-Gurion and Konrad Adenauer: Building a Bridge across the Abyss." *Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs* 13.2 (2019): 223–237.