npm package: @stdlib/stats-base-dists-negative-binomial-pmf
Description: Negative binomial distribution probability mass function (PMF).
Author: The Stdlib Authors
Latest version: 0.1.3

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# Probability Mass Function

[![NPM version][npm-image]][npm-url] [![Build Status][test-image]][test-url] [![Coverage Status][coverage-image]][coverage-url] <!-- [![dependencies][dependencies-image]][dependencies-url] -->

> [Negative binomial][negative-binomial-distribution] distribution [probability mass function][pmf] (PMF).

<section class="intro">

The [probability mass function][pmf] (PMF) for a [negative binomial][negative-binomial-distribution] random variable `X` is

<!-- <equation class="equation" label="eq:negative_binomial_pmf" align="center" raw="f(x; r, p) = P(X = x; r,p) = \binom{k+r-1}{x} p^r(1-p)^x \quad\text{for }x = 0, 1, 2, \dotsc" alt="Probability mass function (PMF) for a negative binomial distribution."> -->

<div class="equation" align="center" data-raw-text="f(x; r, p) = P(X = x; r,p) = \binom{k+r-1}{x} p^r(1-p)^x \quad\text{for }x = 0, 1, 2, \dotsc" data-equation="eq:negative_binomial_pmf">
    <img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/stdlib-js/stdlib@51534079fef45e990850102147e8945fb023d1d0/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/stats/base/dists/negative-binomial/pmf/docs/img/equation_negative_binomial_pmf.svg" alt="Probability mass function (PMF) for a negative binomial distribution.">
    <br>
</div>

<!-- </equation> -->

where `r > 0` is the number of successes until experiment is stopped and `0 < p <= 1` is the success probability. The random variable `X` denotes the number of failures until the `r` success is reached.

</section>

<!-- /.intro -->

<section class="installation">

## Installation

```bash
npm install @stdlib/stats-base-dists-negative-binomial-pmf
```

</section>

<section class="usage">

## Usage

```javascript
var pmf = require( '@stdlib/stats-base-dists-negative-binomial-pmf' );
```

#### pmf( x, r, p )

Evaluates the [probability mass function][pmf] for a [negative binomial][negative-binomial-distribution] distribution with number of successes until experiment is stopped `r` and success probability `p`.

```javascript
var y = pmf( 5.0, 20.0, 0.8 );
// returns ~0.157

y = pmf( 21.0, 20.0, 0.5 );
// returns ~0.06

y = pmf( 5.0, 10.0, 0.4 );
// returns ~0.016

y = pmf( 0.0, 10.0, 0.9 );
// returns ~0.349
```

While `r` can be interpreted as the number of successes until the experiment is stopped, the [negative binomial][negative-binomial-distribution] distribution is also defined for non-integers `r`. In this case, `r` denotes shape parameter of the [gamma mixing distribution][negative-binomial-mixture-representation].

```javascript
var y = pmf( 21.0, 15.5, 0.5 );
// returns ~0.037

y = pmf( 5.0, 7.4, 0.4 );
// returns ~0.051
```

If provided a `r` which is not a positive number, the function returns `NaN`.

```javascript
var y = pmf( 2.0, 0.0, 0.5 );
// returns NaN

y = pmf( 2.0, -2.0, 0.5 );
// returns NaN
```

If provided `NaN` as any argument, the function returns `NaN`.

```javascript
var y = pmf( NaN, 20.0, 0.5 );
// returns NaN

y = pmf( 0.0, NaN, 0.5 );
// returns NaN

y = pmf( 0.0, 20.0, NaN );
// returns NaN
```

If provided a success probability `p` outside of `[0,1]`, the function returns `NaN`.

```javascript
var y = pmf( 2.0, 20, -1.0 );
// returns NaN

y = pmf( 2.0, 20, 1.5 );
// returns NaN
```

#### pmf.factory( r, p )

Returns a function for evaluating the [probability mass function][pmf] (PMF) of a [negative binomial][negative-binomial-distribution] distribution with number of successes until experiment is stopped `r` and success probability `p`.

```javascript
var mypmf = pmf.factory( 10, 0.5 );
var y = mypmf( 3.0 );
// returns ~0.03

y = mypmf( 10.0 );
// returns ~0.088
```

</section>

<!-- /.usage -->

<section class="examples">

## Examples

<!-- eslint no-undef: "error" -->

```javascript
var uniform = require( '@stdlib/random-array-uniform' );
var discreteUniform = require( '@stdlib/random-array-discrete-uniform' );
var logEachMap = require( '@stdlib/console-log-each-map' );
var pmf = require( '@stdlib/stats-base-dists-negative-binomial-pmf' );

var opts = {
    'dtype': 'float64'
};
var x = discreteUniform( 10, 0, 30, opts );
var r = uniform( 10, 0.0, 50.0, opts );
var p = uniform( 10, 0.0, 1.0, opts );

logEachMap( 'x: %d, r: %0.4f, p: %0.4f, P(X=x;r,p): %0.4f', x, r, p, pmf );
```

</section>

<!-- /.examples -->

<!-- Section for related `stdlib` packages. Do not manually edit this section, as it is automatically populated. -->

<section class="related">

</section>

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## Notice

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For more information on the project, filing bug reports and feature requests, and guidance on how to develop [stdlib][stdlib], see the main project [repository][stdlib].

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## Copyright

Copyright &copy; 2016-2026. The Stdlib [Authors][stdlib-authors].

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[negative-binomial-mixture-representation]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_binomial_distribution#Gamma.E2.80.93Poisson_mixture

[negative-binomial-distribution]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_binomial_distribution

[pmf]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_mass_function

</section>

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