npm package: @stdlib/stats-padjust
Description: Adjust supplied p-values for multiple comparisons via a specified method.
Author: The Stdlib Authors
Latest version: 0.2.3

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# padjust

[![NPM version][npm-image]][npm-url] [![Build Status][test-image]][test-url] [![Coverage Status][coverage-image]][coverage-url] <!-- [![dependencies][dependencies-image]][dependencies-url] -->

> Adjust supplied p-values for multiple comparisons.

<section class="installation">

## Installation

```bash
npm install @stdlib/stats-padjust
```

</section>

<section class="usage">

## Usage

```javascript
var padjust = require( '@stdlib/stats-padjust' );
```

#### padjust( pvals, method\[, comparisons] )

Adjusts supplied p-values for multiple comparisons via a specified method.

```javascript
var out = padjust( [ 0.1496, 0.0275, 0.3053, 0.1599, 0.2061 ], 'bonferroni' );
// returns [ 0.748, ~0.138, ..., ~0.799, 1 ]
```

The `method` parameter can be one of the following values:

-   **bh**: Benjamini-Hochberg procedure controlling the False Discovery Rate (FDR).
-   **bonferroni**: Bonferroni correction fixing the family-wise error rate by multiplying the p-values with the number of comparisons. The Bonferroni correction is usually a too conservative adjustment compared to the others.
-   **by**: Procedure by Benjamini & Yekutieli for controlling the False Discovery Rate (FDR) under dependence.
-   **holm**: Hommel's method controlling family-wise error rate. It is uniformly more powerful than the Bonferroni correction.
-   **hommel**: Hommel's method, which is valid when hypothesis tests are independent. It is more expensive to compute than the other methods.

```javascript
var pvalues = [ 0.319, 0.201, 0.4, 0.374, 0.113 ];
var out = padjust( pvalues, 'holm' );
// returns [ ~0.957, 0.804, ..., ~0.957, ~0.565 ]

out = padjust( pvalues, 'bh' );
// returns [ 0.4, 0.4, ..., 0.4, 0.4 ]
```

By default, the number of comparisons for which the p-values should be
corrected is equal to the number of provided p-values. Alternatively, it is
possible to set `comparisons` to a number greater than the length of
`pvals`. In that case, the methods assume `comparisons - pvals.length`
unobserved p-values that are greater than all observed p-values (for Holm's
method and the Bonferroni correction) or equal to `1` for the remaining methods.

```javascript
var pvalues = [ 0.319, 0.201, 0.4, 0.374, 0.113 ];
var out = padjust( pvalues, 'bh', 10 );
// returns [ 0.8, 0.8, ..., 0.8, 0.8 ]
```

</section>

<!-- /.usage -->

<section class="examples">

## Examples

<!-- eslint no-undef: "error" -->

```javascript
var padjust = require( '@stdlib/stats-padjust' );

var pvalues = [ 0.008, 0.03, 0.123, 0.6, 0.2 ];

var out = padjust( pvalues, 'bh' );
// returns [ 0.04, 0.075, ~0.205, 0.6, 0.25 ]

out = padjust( pvalues, 'bonferroni' );
// returns [ 0.04, 0.15, 0.615, 1.0, 1.0 ]

out = padjust( pvalues, 'by' );
// returns [ ~0.457, ~0.856, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]

out = padjust( pvalues, 'holm' );
// returns [ 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]

out = padjust( pvalues, 'hommel' );
// returns [ 0.16, 0.6, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
```

</section>

<!-- /.examples -->

<section class="references">

</section>

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<section class="related">

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<section class="main-repo" >

* * *

## Notice

This package is part of [stdlib][stdlib], a standard library for JavaScript and Node.js, with an emphasis on numerical and scientific computing. The library provides a collection of robust, high performance libraries for mathematics, statistics, streams, utilities, and more.

For more information on the project, filing bug reports and feature requests, and guidance on how to develop [stdlib][stdlib], see the main project [repository][stdlib].

#### Community

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---

## License

See [LICENSE][stdlib-license].


## Copyright

Copyright &copy; 2016-2026. The Stdlib [Authors][stdlib-authors].

</section>

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[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/@stdlib/stats-padjust

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[test-url]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stats-padjust/actions/workflows/test.yml?query=branch:v0.2.3

[coverage-image]: https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/stdlib-js/stats-padjust/main.svg
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[deno-url]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stats-padjust/tree/deno
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[umd-url]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stats-padjust/tree/umd
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[stdlib-license]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/stdlib-js/stats-padjust/main/LICENSE

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