npm package: @stdlib/math-base-special-expm1
Description: Compute exp(x) - 1.
Author: The Stdlib Authors
Latest version: 0.2.4

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# expm1

[![NPM version][npm-image]][npm-url] [![Build Status][test-image]][test-url] [![Coverage Status][coverage-image]][coverage-url] <!-- [![dependencies][dependencies-image]][dependencies-url] -->

> Compute `exp(x) - 1`.

<section class="installation">

## Installation

```bash
npm install @stdlib/math-base-special-expm1
```

</section>

<section class="usage">

## Usage

```javascript
var expm1 = require( '@stdlib/math-base-special-expm1' );
```

#### expm1( x )

Computes `exp(x) - 1`, where `exp(x)` is the natural [exponential function][exponential-function].

```javascript
var v = expm1( 0.2 );
// returns ~0.221

v = expm1( -9.0 );
// returns ~-1.0

v = expm1( 0.0 );
// returns 0.0

v = expm1( NaN );
// returns NaN
```

</section>

<!-- /.usage -->

<section class="examples">

## Examples

<!-- eslint no-undef: "error" -->

```javascript
var uniform = require( '@stdlib/random-array-uniform' );
var logEachMap = require( '@stdlib/console-log-each-map' );
var expm1 = require( '@stdlib/math-base-special-expm1' );

var opts = {
    'dtype': 'float64'
};
var x = uniform( 100, -5.0, 5.0, opts );

logEachMap( 'e^%0.4f - 1 = %0.4f', x, expm1 );
```

</section>

<!-- /.examples -->

<!-- C interface documentation. -->

* * *

<section class="c">

## C APIs

<!-- Section to include introductory text. Make sure to keep an empty line after the intro `section` element and another before the `/section` close. -->

<section class="intro">

</section>

<!-- /.intro -->

<!-- C usage documentation. -->

<section class="usage">

### Usage

```c
#include "stdlib/math/base/special/expm1.h"
```

#### stdlib_base_expm1( x )

Computes `exp(x) - 1`, where `exp(x)` is the natural [exponential function][exponential-function].

```c
double out = stdlib_base_expm1( 0.2 );
// returns ~0.221

out = stdlib_base_expm1( -9.0 );
// returns ~-1.0
```

The function accepts the following arguments:

-   **x**: `[in] double` input value.

```c
double stdlib_base_expm1( const double x );
```

</section>

<!-- /.usage -->

<!-- C API usage notes. Make sure to keep an empty line after the `section` element and another before the `/section` close. -->

<section class="notes">

</section>

<!-- /.notes -->

<!-- C API usage examples. -->

<section class="examples">

### Examples

```c
#include "stdlib/math/base/special/expm1.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main( void ) {
    double x;
    double v;
    int i;

    for ( i = 0; i < 100; i++ ) {
        x = ( ( (double)rand() / (double)RAND_MAX ) * 10.0 ) - 5.0;
        v = stdlib_base_expm1( x );
        printf( "e^%lf - 1 = %lf\n", x, v );
    }
}
```

</section>

<!-- /.examples -->

</section>

<!-- /.c -->

<!-- Section for related `stdlib` packages. Do not manually edit this section, as it is automatically populated. -->

<section class="related">

* * *

## See Also

-   <span class="package-name">[`@stdlib/math-base/special/exp`][@stdlib/math/base/special/exp]</span><span class="delimiter">: </span><span class="description">natural exponential function.</span>
-   <span class="package-name">[`@stdlib/math-base/special/expm1rel`][@stdlib/math/base/special/expm1rel]</span><span class="delimiter">: </span><span class="description">relative error exponential.</span>

</section>

<!-- /.related -->

<!-- Section for all links. Make sure to keep an empty line after the `section` element and another before the `/section` close. -->


<section class="main-repo" >

* * *

## Notice

This package is part of [stdlib][stdlib], a standard library for JavaScript and Node.js, with an emphasis on numerical and scientific computing. The library provides a collection of robust, high performance libraries for mathematics, statistics, streams, utilities, and more.

For more information on the project, filing bug reports and feature requests, and guidance on how to develop [stdlib][stdlib], see the main project [repository][stdlib].

#### Community

[![Chat][chat-image]][chat-url]

---

## Copyright

Copyright &copy; 2016-2026. The Stdlib [Authors][stdlib-authors].

</section>

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[umd]: https://github.com/umdjs/umd
[es-module]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Modules

[deno-url]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/math-base-special-expm1/tree/deno
[deno-readme]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/math-base-special-expm1/blob/deno/README.md
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[esm-url]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/math-base-special-expm1/tree/esm
[esm-readme]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/math-base-special-expm1/blob/esm/README.md
[branches-url]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/math-base-special-expm1/blob/main/branches.md

[exponential-function]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_function

<!-- <related-links> -->

[@stdlib/math/base/special/exp]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/@stdlib/math-base-special-exp

[@stdlib/math/base/special/expm1rel]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/@stdlib/math-base-special-expm1rel

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</section>

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