npm package: @stdlib/math-base-special-log10
Description: Common logarithm (base ten).
Author: The Stdlib Authors
Latest version: 0.3.1

<!--

@license Apache-2.0

Copyright (c) 2018 The Stdlib Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.

-->


<details>
  <summary>
    About stdlib...
  </summary>
  <p>We believe in a future in which the web is a preferred environment for numerical computation. To help realize this future, we've built stdlib. stdlib is a standard library, with an emphasis on numerical and scientific computation, written in JavaScript (and C) for execution in browsers and in Node.js.</p>
  <p>The library is fully decomposable, being architected in such a way that you can swap out and mix and match APIs and functionality to cater to your exact preferences and use cases.</p>
  <p>When you use stdlib, you can be absolutely certain that you are using the most thorough, rigorous, well-written, studied, documented, tested, measured, and high-quality code out there.</p>
  <p>To join us in bringing numerical computing to the web, get started by checking us out on <a href="https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib">GitHub</a>, and please consider <a href="https://opencollective.com/stdlib">financially supporting stdlib</a>. We greatly appreciate your continued support!</p>
</details>

# Common Logarithm

[![NPM version][npm-image]][npm-url] [![Build Status][test-image]][test-url] [![Coverage Status][coverage-image]][coverage-url] <!-- [![dependencies][dependencies-image]][dependencies-url] -->

> Evaluate the [common logarithm][common-logarithm].

<section class="intro">

The [common logarithm][common-logarithm] (logarithm with base 10) is defined for any positive real number as

<!-- <equation class="equation" label="eq:common_logarithm" align="center" raw="\quad \log_{10} \left( x \right) = y \quad \text{such that} \quad 10^y = x" alt="Equation for the common logarithm."> -->

<div class="equation" align="center" data-raw-text="\quad \log_{10} \left( x \right) = y \quad \text{such that} \quad 10^y = x" data-equation="eq:common_logarithm">
    <img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/stdlib-js/stdlib@8cb4d022f6163be6523964802725ed2a74f2497b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/math/base/special/log10/docs/img/equation_common_logarithm.svg" alt="Equation for the common logarithm.">
    <br>
</div>

<!-- </equation> -->

</section>

<!-- /.intro -->

<section class="installation">

## Installation

```bash
npm install @stdlib/math-base-special-log10
```

</section>

<section class="usage">

## Usage

```javascript
var log10 = require( '@stdlib/math-base-special-log10' );
```

#### log10( x )

Evaluates the [common logarithm][common-logarithm].

```javascript
var v = log10( 100.0 );
// returns 2.0

v = log10( 8.0 );
// returns ~0.903

v = log10( 0.0 );
// returns -Infinity

v = log10( Infinity );
// returns Infinity

v = log10( NaN );
// returns NaN
```

For negative numbers, the [common logarithm][common-logarithm] is **not** defined.

```javascript
var v = log10( -4.0 );
// returns NaN
```

</section>

<!-- /.usage -->

<section class="examples">

## Examples

<!-- eslint no-undef: "error" -->

```javascript
var discreteUniform = require( '@stdlib/random-array-discrete-uniform' );
var logEachMap = require( '@stdlib/console-log-each-map' );
var log10 = require( '@stdlib/math-base-special-log10' );

var opts = {
    'dtype': 'float64'
};
var x = discreteUniform( 100, 0, 100, opts );

logEachMap( 'log10(%d) = %0.4f', x, log10 );
```

</section>

<!-- /.examples -->

<!-- C interface documentation. -->

* * *

<section class="c">

## C APIs

<!-- Section to include introductory text. Make sure to keep an empty line after the intro `section` element and another before the `/section` close. -->

<section class="intro">

</section>

<!-- /.intro -->

<!-- C usage documentation. -->

<section class="usage">

### Usage

```c
#include "stdlib/math/base/special/log10.h"
```

#### stdlib_base_log10( x )

Evaluates the [common logarithm][common-logarithm].

```c
double out = stdlib_base_log10( 100.0 );
// returns 2.0

out = stdlib_base_log10( 8.0 );
// returns ~0.903
```

The function accepts the following arguments:

-   **x**: `[in] double` input value.

```c
double stdlib_base_log10( const double x );
```

</section>

<!-- /.usage -->

<!-- C API usage notes. Make sure to keep an empty line after the `section` element and another before the `/section` close. -->

<section class="notes">

</section>

<!-- /.notes -->

<!-- C API usage examples. -->

<section class="examples">

### Examples

```c
#include "stdlib/math/base/special/log10.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main( void ) {
    double x;
    double v;
    int i;

    for ( i = 0; i < 100; i++ ) {
        x = ( (double)rand() / (double)RAND_MAX ) * 100.0;
        v = stdlib_base_log10( x );
        printf( "log10(%lf) = %lf\n", x, v );
    }
}
```

</section>

<!-- /.examples -->

</section>

<!-- /.c -->

<!-- Section for related `stdlib` packages. Do not manually edit this section, as it is automatically populated. -->

<section class="related">

* * *

## See Also

-   <span class="package-name">[`@stdlib/math-base/special/exp10`][@stdlib/math/base/special/exp10]</span><span class="delimiter">: </span><span class="description">base 10 exponential function.</span>
-   <span class="package-name">[`@stdlib/math-base/special/ln`][@stdlib/math/base/special/ln]</span><span class="delimiter">: </span><span class="description">evaluate the natural logarithm of a double-precision floating-point number.</span>
-   <span class="package-name">[`@stdlib/math-base/special/log`][@stdlib/math/base/special/log]</span><span class="delimiter">: </span><span class="description">compute the base `b` logarithm of a double-precision floating-point number.</span>

</section>

<!-- /.related -->

<!-- Section for all links. Make sure to keep an empty line after the `section` element and another before the `/section` close. -->


<section class="main-repo" >

* * *

## Notice

This package is part of [stdlib][stdlib], a standard library for JavaScript and Node.js, with an emphasis on numerical and scientific computing. The library provides a collection of robust, high performance libraries for mathematics, statistics, streams, utilities, and more.

For more information on the project, filing bug reports and feature requests, and guidance on how to develop [stdlib][stdlib], see the main project [repository][stdlib].

#### Community

[![Chat][chat-image]][chat-url]

---

## Copyright

Copyright &copy; 2016-2026. The Stdlib [Authors][stdlib-authors].

</section>

<!-- /.stdlib -->

<!-- Section for all links. Make sure to keep an empty line after the `section` element and another before the `/section` close. -->

<section class="links">

[npm-image]: http://img.shields.io/npm/v/@stdlib/math-base-special-log10.svg
[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/@stdlib/math-base-special-log10

[test-image]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/math-base-special-log10/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg?branch=v0.3.1
[test-url]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/math-base-special-log10/actions/workflows/test.yml?query=branch:v0.3.1

[coverage-image]: https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/stdlib-js/math-base-special-log10/main.svg
[coverage-url]: https://codecov.io/github/stdlib-js/math-base-special-log10?branch=main

<!--

[dependencies-image]: https://img.shields.io/david/stdlib-js/math-base-special-log10.svg
[dependencies-url]: https://david-dm.org/stdlib-js/math-base-special-log10/main

-->

[chat-image]: https://img.shields.io/badge/zulip-join_chat-brightgreen.svg
[chat-url]: https://stdlib.zulipchat.com

[stdlib]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib

[stdlib-authors]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/graphs/contributors

[umd]: https://github.com/umdjs/umd
[es-module]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Modules

[deno-url]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/math-base-special-log10/tree/deno
[deno-readme]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/math-base-special-log10/blob/deno/README.md
[umd-url]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/math-base-special-log10/tree/umd
[umd-readme]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/math-base-special-log10/blob/umd/README.md
[esm-url]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/math-base-special-log10/tree/esm
[esm-readme]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/math-base-special-log10/blob/esm/README.md
[branches-url]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/math-base-special-log10/blob/main/branches.md

[common-logarithm]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_logarithm

<!-- <related-links> -->

[@stdlib/math/base/special/exp10]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/@stdlib/math-base-special-exp10

[@stdlib/math/base/special/ln]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/@stdlib/math-base-special-ln

[@stdlib/math/base/special/log]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/@stdlib/math-base-special-log

<!-- </related-links> -->

</section>

<!-- /.links -->