npm package: @shynome/thrift-typescript
Description: Generate TypeScript from Thrift IDL files
Author: Credit Karma
Latest version: 3.8.2

# Thrift TypeScript

Generate TypeScript from Thrift IDL files.

## Installation

```sh
$ npm install --save @creditkarma/thrift-typescript
```

## Usage

Thrift TypeScript provides both a JavaScript and a command line API.

Given the following files

thrift/simple.thrift

```c
struct MyStruct {
    1: required i32 id,
    2: required bool field1,
    # 3: required string field,
    4: required i16 field,
}
```

You can generate TypeScript via the command line:

```sh
$ thrift-typescript --target apache --rootDir . --sourceDir thrift --outDir codegen simple.thrift
```

The available options are:

* --rootDir: This is used to resolve out and source directories. Defaults to current directory.
* --outDir: The directory to save generated files to. Will be created if it doesn't exist. Defaults to 'codegen'.
* --sourceDir: The directory to search for source Thrift files. Defaults to 'thrift'.
* --target: The core library to generate for, either 'apache' or 'thrift-server'. Defaults to 'apache'.
* --strictUnions: Should we generate strict unions (Only available for target = 'thrift-server'. More on this below). Defaults to undefined.
* --fallbackNamespace: The namespace to fallback to if no 'js' namespace exists. Defaults to 'java'. Set to 'none' to use no namespace.
* --withNameField: Should we generate a `__name` field on each struct-like object that contains its Thrift name (Only available for target = 'thrift-server'). Defaults to undefined.

All other fields are assumed to be source files.

If no explicit list of files is provided all files ending in '.thrift' found in the sourceDir will be used.

You can gen code from more than one Thrift file:

```sh
$ thrift-typescript one.thrift two.thrift three.thrift
```

#### JavaScript API

You can also generate files using the JavaScript API:

```typescript
import { generate } from '@creditkarma/thrift-typescript'

// Generates TypeScript and saves to given outDir
generate({
    rootDir: '.',
    sourceDir: 'thirft',
    outDir: 'codegen',
    target: 'thrift-server',
    files: [
        'simple.thrift'
    ],
    fallbackNamespace: 'java',
})
```

#### Thrift to String

You can also generate TypeScript from a string of Thrift without saving to file.

Note: This method of code generation does not support includes. The Thrift generator must be able to resolve all identifiers which it can't do without a description of the file structure.

```typescript
import { readFileSync } from 'fs'
import { make } from '@creditkarma/thrift-typescript'

const rawThrift: string = readFileSync('./thrift/simple.thrift', 'utf-8')
const generatedCode: string = make(rawThrift)
```

## Thrift Server

*v2.x of Thrift TypeScript equires @creditkarma/thrift-server v0.7.0 or higher*

While Thrift TypeScript can be used to generate code comaptible with the [Apache Thrift Library](https://github.com/apache/thrift/tree/master/lib/nodejs), it is recommended to use with [Thrift Server](https://github.com/creditkarma/thrift-server). Details on the Apache usage are below.

Thrift Server adds Thrift support to Express or Hapi with plugins or middleware. The other advantange of using the codegen with Thrift Server is the addition of context to service clients and service handlers. Context can be used to do things like auth or tracing in Thrift service methods. Context is an optional final parameter to all service handler methods and all service client methods.

Install the Thrift Server implementation for your server of choice. For this example we will be using express middleware and the request http client library.

```sh
$ npm install --save @creditkarma/thrift-server-core
$ npm install --save @creditkarma/thrift-server-express
$ npm install --save @creditkarma/thrift-client
$ npm install --save express
$ npm install --save request
$ npm install --save @types/express
$ npm install --save @types/request
```

Given this service let's build a client and server based on our generated code.

```c
service Caluculator {
    i32 add(1: i32 left, 2: i32 right)
    i32 subtract(1: i32 left, 2: i32 right)
}
```

Run codegen for your Thrift service. The `target` option is required here, otherwise the generated code will only work with the Apache libs.

```sh
$ thrift-typescript --target thrift-server --rootDir . --sourceDir thrift --outDir codegen
```

### Client

In this example we are using the Request library as our underlying connection instance. The options for Request (CoreOptions) are our request context.

You'll notice that the Client class is a generic. The type parameter represents the type of the context. This is usually going to be of type `CoreOptions` from the Request library.

```typescript
import {
    createHttpClient,
    HttpConnection,
} from '@creditkarma/thrift-client'

import * as request from 'request'
import { CoreOptions } from 'request'

import { Calculator } from './codegen/calculator'

const CONFIG = {
    hostName: 'localhost',
    port: 8045
}

const thriftClient: Calculator.Client<CoreOptions> = createHttpClient(Calculator.Client, CONFIG)

thriftClient.add(5, 7, { headers: { 'X-Trace-Id': 'xxxxxx' } })
    .then((response: number) => {
        expect(response).to.equal(12)
        done()
    })
```

### Server

In the server we can then inspect the headers we set in the client.

```typescript
import * as bodyParser from 'body-parser'
import * as express from 'express'
import { ThriftServerExpress } from '@creditkarma/thrift-server-express'

import {
    Calculator,
} from './codegen/calculator'

// express.Request is the context for each of the service handlers
const serviceHandlers: Calculator.IHandler<express.Request> = {
    add(left: number, right: number, context?: express.Request): number {
        if (context && context.headers['x-trace-id']) {
            // You can trace this request, perform auth, or use additional middleware to handle that.
        }
        return left + right
    },
    subtract(left: number, right: number, context?: express.Request): number {
        return left - right;
    },
}

const PORT = 8090

const app = express()

app.use(
    '/thrift',
    bodyParser.raw(),
    ThriftServerExpress(Calculator.Processor, serviceHandlers),
)

app.listen(PORT, () => {
    console.log(`Express server listening on port: ${PORT}`)
})

```

### Generated Data Types

When generating TypeScript from Thrift source what data types are generated?

#### Simple Types

These are: booleans, strings, numbers, sets, maps, lists, enums and typedefs. All of these translate almost directly to TypeScript.

Given Thrift:

```c
const bool FALSE_CONST = false
const i32 INT_32 = 32
const i64 INT_64 = 64
const list<string> LIST_CONST = ['hello', 'world', 'foo', 'bar']
const set<string> SET_CONST = ['hello', 'world', 'foo', 'bar']
const map<string,string> MAP_CONST = { 'hello': 'world', 'foo': 'bar' }

enum Colors {
    RED,
    GREEN,
    BLUE,
}

typedef string name
```

Generated TypeScript:

```typescript
export const FALSE_CONST: boolean = false;
export const INT_32: number = 32;
export const INT_64: thrift.Int64 = new thrift.Int64(64);
export const LIST_CONST: Array<string> = ["hello", "world", "foo", "bar"];
export const SET_CONST: Set<string> = new Set(["hello", "world", "foo", "bar"]);
export const MAP_CONST: Map<string, string> = new Map([["hello", "world"], ["foo", "bar"]]);

export enum Colors {
    RED,
    GREEN,
    BLUE
}

export type name = string;
```

The only interesting thing here is the handling of `i64`. JavaScript doesn't support a full 64-bits of integer percision, so we wrap the value in an `Int64` object. You will notice that this doesn't really help in cases where you define a constant or default value in your Thrift file, but it does allow 64-bit integers received from outside of JS to be handled correctly. The object is exported from `@creditkarma/thrift-server-core` and extends [node-int64](https://github.com/broofa/node-int64).

#### Struct

A struct is intuitively analogous to an interface.

Given Thrift:

```c
struct User {
    1: required string name
    2: string email
    3: required i32 id
}
```

Generated TypeScript:

```typescript
export interface IUser {
    name: string
    email?: string
    id: number
}
```

*Note: We adopt the convention of prefixing interfaces names with a capital 'I'.*

Only fields that are explicitly required loose the `?`.

##### The `__name` Field

You can pass an option to generate an additional property on each struct-like (structs, unions, exceptions) object that is its literal name in the Thrift file.

For example if we rendered the `User` struct with the `--withNameField` option the generated TypeScript would change:

```typescript
export interface IUser {
    __name: "User"
    name: string
    email?: string
    id: number
}
```

When generating with this option any data types you create and pass into a client method do not need the `__name` field. However, any data you get back from a service will contain this additional property.

#### Union

Unions in Thrift are very similar to structs. The difference is they only allow one field to be set. They also require that one field is set. Implicitly all fields are optional, but one field must be set.

So, this translates into a struct with all optional fields:

Given Thrift:

```c
union MyUnion {
    1: string option1
    2: i32 option2
}
```

Generated TypeScript (without strict unions):

```typescript
export interface IMyUnion = {
    option1?: string
    option2?: undefined
}
```

*Note: The difference here is that a runtime error will be raised if one of the fields isn't set or if more than one of the fields is set.*

#### Exception

Exceptions are errors that can be thrown by service methods. It is more natural in JS/TS to create and throw new errors. So our defined exceptions will become JS classes.

Given Thrift:

```c
exception MyException {
    1: string message
    2: i32 code
}
```

Generated TypeScript:

```typescript
export class MyException extends thrift.StructLike implements IMyException {
    public message: string
    public code?: number
    constructor(args?: { message?: string, code?: number }) {
        // ...
    }
}
```

Then in your service client you could just throw the exception as you would any JS error `throw new MyException({ message: 'whoops', code: 500 });`

#### Service

Services are a little more complex. There are two parts to a service. There is the `Client` for sending service requests and the `Processor` for handling service requests. The service `Client` and the service `Processor` are each generated classes. They are wrapped, along with some other internal objects, in a `namespace` that has the name of your service.

Given Thrift:

```c
service MyService {
    User getUser(1: i32 id) throws (1: MyException exp);
}
```

Generated TypeScript:

```typescript
export namespace MyService {
    export class Client<Context> {
        constructor(connection: thrift.IThriftConnection<Context>) {
            // ...
        }
        getUser(id: number): Promise<User> {
            // ...
        }
    }
    export interface IHandler<Context> {
        getUser(id: number, context?: Context): User | Promise<User>
    }
    export class Processor {
        constructor(handler: IHandler<Context>) {
            // ...
        }
        public process(input: thrift.TProtocol, output: thrift.TProtocol, context: Context): Promise<Buffer> {
            // ...
        }
    }
}
```

The `Client` is pretty straight forward. You create a `Client` instance and you can call service methods on it. The inner-workings of the `Processor` aren't something consumers need to concern themselves with. The more interesting bit is `IHandler`. This is the interface that service teams need to implement in order to meet the promises of their service contract. Create an object that satisfies `<service-name>.IHandler` and pass it to the construction of `<service-name>.Processor` and everything else is handled for you.

#### Loose Types

Given these two structs:

```c
struct User {
    1: required i64 id
}

struct Profile {
    1: required User user
    2: binary data
    3: i64 lastModified
}
```

There is something of a difference between how we want to handle things in TypeScript and how data is going to be sent over the wire. Because of this when we generate interfaces for these structs we generate two interfaces for each struct, one is an exact representation of the Thrift, the other is something looser that provides more flexibility to working with the data in JavaScript.

The main difference is that fields marked as `i64` can be represented as a `number`, as `string` or an `Int64` object and `binary` can be represented as either a `string` or a `Buffer` object.

JavaScript traditionally (`bigint` is new and not fully supported yet) does not support 64-bit integers. This means we need to wrap the Thrift `i64` type in the `Int64` object to maintain precision. In your TypeScript code you may be working with these just as `number` (confident JavaScript's 53-bit precision is good enough for you) or as a `string`. These loose types allow you to do that and the generated code will handle the conversions to `Int64` for you.

Generated TypeScript:

```typescript
interface IUser {
    id: thrift.Int64
}
interface IUserArgs {
    id: number | string | thrift.Int64
}
interface IProfile {
    user: IUser
    data?: Buffer
    lastModified?: thrift.Int64
}
interface IProfileArgs {
    user: IUserArgs
    data?: string | Buffer
    lastModified?: number | string | thrift.Int64
}
```

The names of loose interfaces just append `Args` onto the end of the interface name. The reason for this is these interfaces will most often be used as arguments in your code.

Where are the loose interfaces used? The loose interfaces can be used anywhere you, the application developer, are giving data to the generated code, either as the arguments to a client method or the return value of a service handler.

If we had this service:

```c
service ProfileService {
    Profile getProfileForUser(1: User user)
    User getUser(1: i64 id)
}
```

And generated TypeScript:

```typescript
namespace ProfileService {
    export class Client<Context> {
        constructor(connection: thrift.IThriftConnection<Context>) {
            // ...
        }
        getProfileForUser(user: IUserArgs, context?: Context): Promise<IProfile> {
            // ...
        }
        getUser(id: number | string | Int64): Promise<IUser> {
            // ...
        }
    }
    export interface IHandler<Context> {
        getProfileForUser(user: IUser, context: Context): Promise<IProfileArgs>
        getUser(id: Int64, context: Context): Promise<IUserArgs>
    }
}
```

As you can see from this sketch of generated types when data leave application code and crossed the boundary into the generated code you can pass loose values, when the data comes from generated code it will always be of the strict types.

We can use a `User` object where the `id` is a `number` or a `string` without having to wrap it in `Int64`. These conversions are handled for us. A `number` passed in is wrapped in `Int64` by using the `Int64` constructor: `new Int64(64)`. A `string` passed in place of an `Int64` is converted using the static `fromDecimalString` method: `Int64.fromDecimalString('64')`. Similarly `string` data can be passed to a `binary` field and the conversion to `Buffer` is handled under the hood. This are just convinience interfaces to make handling the Thrift objects in TypeScript a little easier. You will notice service methods always return an object of the more strict interface. Also, the more strict interface can always be passed where the loose interface is expected.

#### Sending Data Over the Wire

When it comes to struct-like data types (struct, union and exception) usually you don't need to know much more than what data types are generated. However, in addition to the generated interface/union/class the code generator also creates a companion object that knows how to send the given object over the wire.

Looking back at the `User` object from our struct example, in addition to the interface, the code generator creates a codec object like this:

```typescript
export const UserCodec: thrift.IStructCodec<IUserArgs, IUser> {
    encode(obj: IUserArgs, output: thrift.TProtocol): void {
        // ...
    },
    decode(input: thrift.TProtocol): IUser {
        // ...
    }
}
```

It's just an object that knows how to read the given object from a Thrift Protocol or write the given object to a Thrift Protocol.

The codec will always follow this naming convention, just appending `Codec` onto the end of your struct name.

### Strict Unions

*Note: Strict unions require `thrift-server` version `0.13.x` or higher.*

This is an option only available when generating for `thrift-server`. This option will generate Thrift unions as TypeScript unions. This changes the codegen in a few significant ways.

Back with our example union definition:

```c
union MyUnion {
    1: string option1
    2: i32 option2
}
```

When compiling with the `--strictUnions` flag we now generate TypeScript like this:

```typescript
enum MyUnionType {
    MyUnionWithOption1 = "option1",
    MyUnionWithOption2 = "option2"
}
type MyUnion = IMyUnionWithOption1 | IMyUnionWithOption2
interface IMyUnionWithOption1 {
    __type: MyUnionType.MyUnionWithOption1
    option1: string
    option2?: undefined
}
interface IMyUnionWithOption2 {
    __type: MyUnionType.MyUnionWithOption2
    option1?: undefined
    option2: number
}
type MyUnionArgs = IMyUnionWithOption1Args | IMyUnionWithOption2Args
interface IMyUnionWithOption1Args {
    option1: string
    option2?: undefined
}
interface IMyUnionWithOption2Args {
    option1?: undefined
    option2: number
}
```

The `enum` represents all potential values of the `__type` property attached to each variation of our union. Instead of generating one `interface` with optional properties we generate one interface for each field where that field is required. Our resulting `type` is then the union of multiple interfaces each with only one property. This provides compile-time guarantees that we are setting one and only one field for the union.

The loose interfaces, the `Args` interfaces, behave much like the loose interfaces for structs. They allow you to use `number` in place of `Int64` or allow you to pass either `string` or `Buffer` for `binary` types. In addition, they also forgo the `__type` property. In the codegen we can tell what you are passing by the fields you set. This means in most instances you don't need to provide the `__type` property. You can use the loose interfaces as the return value for service functions or as the arguments for client methods.

This output is more complex, but it allows us to do a number of things. The most significant of which may be that it allows us to take advantage of discriminated unions in our application code:

```typescript
function processUnion(union: MyUnion) {
    switch (union.__type) {
        case MyUnionType.MyUnionWithOption1:
            // Do something
        case MyUnionType.MyUnionWithOption2:
            // Do something
        default:
            const _exhaustiveCheck: never = union
            throw new Error(`Non-exhaustive match for type: ${_exhaustiveCheck}`)
    }
}
```

The fact that each interface we generate defines one required field and some n number of optional `undefined` fields we can do things like check `union.option2 !== undefined` without a compiler error, but we will get a compiler error if you try to use a value that shouldn't exist on a given union. This expands the ways you can operate on unions to be more general.

Using this form will require that you prove to the compiler that one (and only one) field is set for your unions.

In addition to the changed types output, the `--strictUnions` flag changes the output of the `Codec` object. The `Codec` object will have one additional method `create`. The `create` method takes one of the loose interfaces and coerces it into the strict interface (including the `__type` property).

For the example `MyUnion` that would be defined as:

```typescript
const MyUnionCodec: thrift.IStructToolkit<IUserArgs, IUser> { = {
    create(args: MyUnionArgs): MyUnion {
        // ...
    },
    encode(obj: IUserArgs, output: thrift.TProtocol): void {
        // ...
    },
    decode(input: thrift.TProtocol): IUser {
        // ...
    }
}
```

*Note: In a future breaking release all the `Codec` objects will be renamed to `Toolkit` as they will provide more utilities for working with defined Thrift objects.*


## Apache Thrift

The generated code can also work with the [Apache Thrift Library](https://github.com/apache/thrift/tree/master/lib/nodejs).

```sh
$ npm install --save thrift
$ npm install --save @types/thrift
```

Given this service let's build a client and server based on our generated code.

```c
service Calculator {
    i32 add(1: i32 left, 2: i32 right)
    i32 subtract(1: i32 left, 2: i32 right)
}
```

Run codegen for your Thrift service. Here the `--target` option isn't needed as `apache` is the default build target.

```sh
$ thrift-typescript --rootDir . --sourceDir thrift --outDir codegen
```

### Client

```typescript
import {
    createHttpConnection,
    createHttpClient,
    HttpConnection,
} from 'thrift'

import { Calculator } from './codegen/calculator'

// The location of the server endpoint
const CONFIG = {
    hostName: 'localhost',
    port: 8045
}

const options = {
    transport: TBufferedTransport,
    protocol: TBinaryProtocol,
    https: false,
    headers: {
        Host: config.hostName,
    }
}

const connection: HttpConnection = createHttpConnection(CONFIG.hostName, CONFIG.port, options)
const thriftClient: Calculator.Client = createHttpClient(Calculator.Client, connection)

// All client methods return a Promise of the expected result.
thriftClient.add(5, 6).then((result: number) =>{
    console.log(`result: ${result}`)
})
```

### Server

```typescript
import {
    createWebServer,
    TBinaryProtocol,
    TBufferedTransport,
} from 'thrift'

import { Calculator } from './codegen/calculator'

// Handler: Implement the Calculator service
const myServiceHandler = {
    add(left: number, right: number): number {
        return left + right
    },
    subtract(left: number, right: number): number {
        return left - right
    },
}

// ServiceOptions: The I/O stack for the service
const myServiceOpts = {
    handler: myServiceHandler,
    processor: Calculator,
    protocol: TBinaryProtocol,
    transport: TBufferedTransport
}

// ServerOptions: Define server features
const serverOpt = {
    services: {
        '/': myServiceOpts
    }
}

// Create and start the web server
const port: number = 8045;
createWebServer(serverOpt).listen(port, () => {
    console.log(`Thrift server listening on port ${port}`)
})
```

## Notes

The gererated code can be used with many of the more strict tsc compiler options.

```json
{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "noImplicitAny": true,
        "noImplicitThis": true,
        "strictNullChecks": true,
        "strictFunctionTypes": true,
        "noUnusedLocals": true
    }
}
```

## Development

Install dependencies with

```sh
npm install
```

### Build

```sh
npm run build
```

### Run test in watch mode

```sh
npm run test:watch
```

## Contributing

For more information about contributing new features and bug fixes, see our [Contribution Guidelines](https://github.com/creditkarma/CONTRIBUTING.md).
External contributors must sign Contributor License Agreement (CLA)

## License

This project is licensed under [Apache License Version 2.0](./LICENSE)