npm package: @scintilla-network/hashes
Description: Enhanced hash functions for Scintilla and broader crypto / blockchain use
Author: Scintilla Labs
Latest version: 1.3.1

# @scintilla-network/hashes

Enhanced hash functions for scintilla and crypto / blockchain use.  
Provides both classical crypto hashes and quantum-resistant alternatives.

## Features

- Classic Crypto hash functions (SHA256, SHA512, RIPEMD160, BLAKE2) - Block hash
- Quantum-resistant hash functions (SHA3, SHAKE, K12) - Post-quantum replacements
- High-performance alternatives (BLAKE3, TurboSHAKE)
- Key derivation functions (HMAC, HKDF, PBKDF2)
- Blockchain utilities (Hash160, Bech32/Bech32m encoding)
- Audited code (uses noble-hashes library, fixed versions)
- Zero dependencies beyond noble-hashes
- Flexible input handling (strings, hex, JSON, Uint8Array)

## Installation

```bash
npm install @scintilla-network/hashes
```

## Usage

### Basic Usage

```javascript
import { sha3_512, k12 } from '@scintilla-network/hashes/pq';
import { sha256 } from '@scintilla-network/hashes/classic';

// All functions accept strings, hex strings, JSON objects, or Uint8Array
const quantumHash = sha3_512('Hello, World!');    // Most secure
const fastHash = k12('Hello, World!', 32);        // Best performance
const classicHash = sha256('Hello, World!');      // Legacy compatibility

// For advanced use cases, you can format messages manually
import { formatMessage } from '@scintilla-network/hashes/utils';
const message = formatMessage('Hello, World!');
const hash = sha256(message);

// Namespace imports (alternative)
import { pq, classic } from '@scintilla-network/hashes';
const altHash = pq.sha3_512('Hello');
```

### Classic Hash Functions

```javascript
import { sha256, sha512, ripemd160, blake2b, blake2s } from '@scintilla-network/hashes/classic';

// Fixed-length output hashes
const sha256Hash = sha256('message');      // 32 bytes
const sha512Hash = sha512('message');      // 64 bytes
const ripemdHash = ripemd160('message');   // 20 bytes

// Variable-length output hashes
const blake2bHash = blake2b('message', 64); // Custom length (default: 64)
const blake2sHash = blake2s('message', 32); // Custom length (default: 32)

// JSON input example
const jsonHash = sha256({ key: 'value' });
```

### Post-Quantum Hash Functions

```javascript
import { 
    sha3_256, sha3_512,     // NIST recommended
    shake128, shake256,     // Variable length
    k12, m14, blake3,       // High performance
    turboshake128, turboshake256  // Additional variants
} from '@scintilla-network/hashes/pq';

// NIST recommended
const sha3_256Hash = sha3_256('message');     // 32 bytes
const sha3_512Hash = sha3_512('message');     // 64 bytes

// Variable output length (XOF)
const shake128Hash = shake128('message', 64); // Custom length (default: 32)
const shake256Hash = shake256('message', 64); // Custom length (default: 32)

// High performance options
const k12Hash = k12('message', 32);          // KangarooTwelve
const m14Hash = m14('message', 32);          // MarsupilamiFourteen
const blake3Hash = blake3('message', 32);     // BLAKE3

// Additional SHA3 variants
const turbo128Hash = turboshake128('message', 32);
const turbo256Hash = turboshake256('message', 32);

// Hex string input example
const hexHash = sha3_256('deadbeef');
```

### Blockchain Utilities

```javascript
import { hash160, bech32, bech32m } from '@scintilla-network/hashes/utils';

// Hash160 (RIPEMD160(SHA256())) - commonly used for addresses
const pubKeyHash = hash160(publicKey);  // 20 bytes output

// Bech32 address encoding (used in modern blockchains)
const words = bech32.toWords(Array.from(pubKeyHash));
const address = bech32.encode('sct', words);  // e.g., sct1qw508d6qejxtdg4y5r3zarvary0c5xw7k...

// Bech32 address decoding
const decoded = bech32.decode(address);
const decodedHash = Buffer.from(bech32.fromWords(decoded.words));

// Bech32m for newer address formats
const bech32mAddress = bech32m.encode('sct', words);
```

### Utility Functions

```javascript
import { 
    formatMessage,          // Message formatting
    toHex, fromHex,        // Hex conversion
    fromUtf8, toUtf8,      // UTF-8 conversion
    fromJSON, toJSON,      // JSON conversion
    randomBytes,           // Random bytes
    doubleSha256,         // Bitcoin's double SHA256
    hash160,              // RIPEMD160(SHA256())
    bech32, bech32m       // Address encoding
} from '@scintilla-network/hashes/utils';

// Format messages (used internally by hash functions)
const message = formatMessage('Hello');     // String to Uint8Array
const hexMessage = formatMessage('deadbeef'); // Hex to Uint8Array
const jsonMessage = formatMessage({key: 'value'}); // JSON to Uint8Array

// Hex conversion
const hex = toHex(hash);                   // Bytes to hex string
const bytes = fromHex('deadbeef');         // Hex string to bytes

// UTF-8 conversion
const utf8Bytes = fromUtf8('Hello');       // String to UTF-8 bytes
const utf8String = toUtf8(bytes);          // Bytes to UTF-8 string

// JSON conversion
const jsonBytes = fromJSON({key: 'value'}); // JSON to bytes
const jsonObj = toJSON(jsonBytes);          // Bytes to JSON

// Other utilities
const random = randomBytes(32);            // Random bytes
const doubleHash = doubleSha256('message');  // Bitcoin's double SHA256
const hash160Result = hash160(publicKey);    // Address hash
const address = bech32.encode('prefix', words); // Address encoding
```

### Key Derivation Functions

```javascript
import { 
    hmac, createHmac,     // HMAC for message authentication
    hkdf,                 // HKDF for key derivation
    pbkdf2, pbkdf2Async,  // PBKDF2 for password hashing
    scrypt, scryptAsync   // Scrypt for memory-hard password hashing
} from '@scintilla-network/hashes/utils';
import { sha256 } from '@scintilla-network/hashes/classic';

// HMAC - Hash-based Message Authentication Code
const hmacValue = hmac(sha256, 'key', 'message');

// Streaming HMAC for large messages
const hmacInstance = createHmac(sha256, 'key');
hmacInstance.update(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]));
const hmacResult = hmacInstance.digest();

// HKDF - HMAC-based Key Derivation Function
const salt = randomBytes(32);
const info = 'application info';
const derivedKey = hkdf(sha256, 'input key', salt, info, 32);

// HKDF extract/expand steps separately
const prk = hkdfExtract(sha256, 'input key', salt);
const expandedKey = hkdfExpand(sha256, prk, info, 32);

// PBKDF2 - Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2
const pbkdf2Key = pbkdf2(sha256, 'password', 'salt', { 
    c: 10000,    // iterations
    dkLen: 32    // output length
});

// Async PBKDF2 for better UI responsiveness
const pbkdf2KeyAsync = await pbkdf2Async(sha256, 'password', 'salt', { 
    c: 10000, 
    dkLen: 32 
});

// Scrypt - Memory-hard password hashing
const scryptKey = scrypt('password', 'salt', {
    N: 2**16,    // CPU/memory cost (must be power of 2)
    r: 8,        // block size
    p: 1,        // parallelization
    dkLen: 32    // output length
});

// Async Scrypt with progress reporting
const scryptKeyAsync = await scryptAsync('password', 'salt', {
    N: 2**16,
    r: 8,
    p: 1,
    dkLen: 32,
    onProgress: (progress) => console.log(`${progress * 100}% complete`)
});
```

### Key Derivation Security Notes

#### PBKDF2

- Recommended for FIPS compliance
- Use at least 10,000 iterations (`c: 10000`)
- Not memory-hard, vulnerable to hardware acceleration

#### Scrypt

- Memory-hard, resistant to hardware acceleration
- Recommended parameters:
  - `N`: 2^16 to 2^20 (CPU/memory cost)
  - `r`: 8 (block size)
  - `p`: 1 (parallelization)
- Memory usage = 128 * N * r * p bytes
- Supports up to 4GB RAM usage (N=2^22)

#### HKDF

- Best for deriving multiple keys from a strong input key
- Not suitable for password hashing (use PBKDF2 or Scrypt instead)
- Always use a random salt

#### HMAC

- For message authentication and as building block for HKDF/PBKDF2
- Key should be random and at least as long as hash output
- Resistant to length extension attacks

## Input Types

All hash functions accept the following input types:

- Strings (UTF-8 encoded)
- Hex strings (e.g., 'deadbeef')
- JSON objects (automatically stringified)
- Uint8Array (passed through directly)

All hash functions return a `Uint8Array` of the appropriate length.

## Security Considerations

### Post-Quantum Security

- Uses SHA3-512 as the recommended default (NIST approved)
- Provides K12 as a high-performance alternative
- All implementations from audited noble-hashes library
- Follows Australian ASD guidelines (prohibiting SHA256 after 2030)

### Quantum Impact

Grover's algorithm could reduce hash security from 2^n to 2^n/2 operations:

- SHA256 (256-bit) → 128-bit security
- SHA3-512 (512-bit) → 256-bit security
- SHAKE256 (variable) → n/2-bit security

## Performance Comparison

Relative performance on typical hardware:

```
Fastest → Slowest
K12 > BLAKE3 > SHA256 > SHAKE > SHA3-512
```

## Dependencies

- noble-hashes: Audited, zero-dependency cryptographic library

## License

MIT License - see LICENSE file for details.

## Related Packages

- [@scintilla-network/signatures](https://github.com/Scintilla-Network/signatures): Post-quantum signatures and key exchanges
- [@scintilla-network/ciphers](https://github.com/Scintilla-Network/ciphers): Ciphers encryption and decryption
- [@scintilla-network/mnemonic](https://github.com/Scintilla-Network/mnemonic): Mnemonics phrase generation and derivation