Title: al-ʻAlāqāt al-siyāsīyah wa-al-rawābiṭ al-thaqāfīyah bayna duwal al-Maghrib wa-al-Mashriq al-Islāmīyah khilāla al-qarnayn 7-9 H/13-15 M
Subjects: Civilization, Relations, History, Mamelukes, International relations
Places: North Africa, Middle East, Islamic Empire
Time periods: 647-1517, 1258-1517