Title: Utilization of coal fly ash
Description: Coal-fired power plants produce approximately 80 million tons of fly ash  each year. Efforts to use fly ash have reached only a twenty to thirty percent  reutilization rate. A literature review was performed to provide a consensus of  the available information regarding fly ash. Fly ash is highly variable depending  on the coal source, plant operations, and several other parameters. The various  fly ash characteristics are discussed including classifications, physical  characteristics, chemical properties and chemical compositions. Although  extensive research has been performed on the use of fly ash, very little of this  research has monitored any environmental impacts. The environmental concerns  addressed include mobilization of toxic elements, biota impact, microbial impact,  handling dangers, and pertinent regulations. Finally, the various disposal and  reutilization options for fly ash are examined. A recommendation is provided for  further research to cover deficiencies found in the literature.
Subjects: Fly ash