Title: The implicit effect of artifact-driven inferences on perceived procedural justice
Description: This study considers organizational artifacts as triggers of procedural justice expectations, showing the effects of one artifact - an organizational wait queue - on perceived procedural justice. Queue designs that violated consistency or suggested bias were perceived as less procedurally just than those that implied consistency and lack of bias. Information about the bias implied by a queue improved perceived procedural justice. The analysis suggests organizational artifacts to be "secondary contract makers" and informs the study of procedural justice by suggesting a new source of inferences about and precursors to perceived justice. The study offers implications for the management of queues as well as other artifacts.