Title: Are all trade protection policies created equal?
Description: "Over the past decades, the steel industry has been protected by a wide variety of trade policies, both tariff- and quota-based.  We exploit this extensive heterogeneity in trade protection to examine the well-established theoretical literature predicting nonequivalent effects of tariffs and quotas on domestic firms' market power.  Robust to a variety of empirical specifications with U.S.  Census data on the population of U.S.  steel plants from 1967-2002, we find evidence for significant market power effects for binding quota-based protection, but not for tariff-based protection.  There is only weak evidence that antidumping protection increases market power"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.