Title: Beadwork Patterns of Sabah’s Indigenous Communities
Description: This study explores how beadwork patterns among the Rungus, Kadazan-Dusun, and Murut communities in Sabah function as powerful symbols of cultural identity, spiritual belief, and social values. Through motifs inspired by nature, ancestry, and cosmology, traditional beadwork such as the Rungus pinakol communicates stories, status, and communal heritage that have been passed down through generations. The colours, arrangements, and materials used in these ornaments reflect historical experiences, ritual practices, and aesthetic traditions unique to each group. Despite modernization, beadwork remains an important cultural expression, preserving indigenous knowledge and reinforcing a sense of belonging. Overall, Sabah’s indigenous beadwork serves not only as decoration but also as a living visual language that connects past, present, and future generations.