Title: Union free-riding in Britain and New Zealand
Description: The percentage of workers who choose not to join the union available to them at their workplace has been rising in Britain and New Zealand. Social custom, union instrumentality, the fixed costs of joining, employee perceptions of management attitudes to unionization and employee problems at work all influence the propensity to free-ride. Ideological convictions regarding the role of unions also play some role, as do private  excludable goods. There is little indication of employer-inspired policies substituting for pnionization where unions are already present. Having accounted for all these factors, free-riding remains more common in New Zealand than in Britain.