Title: THE CHINESE VERSION OF DHARMAPADA
Description: **THE CHINESE DHARMAPADA** Author Bhikkhu Kuala Lumpur Dhammajoti first published by Mann Fatt Lam Buddhist Temple, Singapore in the year 1990 and now this book is published by as the title **THE CHINESE VERSION OF DHARMAPADA** (Author) edited and translated into English with introduction & annotations by Bhikkhu Kuala Lumpur Dhammajoti Published by The Postgraduate Institute Of Pali And Buddhist Studies, University Of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka [year 1995] (ISBN 955-9044-14-1).

In Chinese, there are preserved four different editions of the Dharmapada. They are: 1. Fa-chü-ching or Fa-Jyu-Jing the text contains thirty-nine chapters; 2. Fa-chu-p'i-yü-ching the text contains forty chapters, 3. Ch'u-yao-ching it consists of thirty-four chapters and 4. Fa-chi-yao-sung-ching the total number of chapters is thirty-three. There are at least two versions of the Chinese Dharmapada that were not preserved to our time.

**Fa-chü-ching or Fa Jyu Jing (法句經)** This is the oldest and most important of all Chinese versions. The present work comprises a study and annotated translation of Fa Jyu Jing, the earliest Chinese version of the Dharmapada.. The first translation consisted of 26 chapters, with about 500 stanzas. It was subsequently revised, with the addition of 13 chapters, thus giving us the text more or less as we have it today, with 39 chapters and about 760 stanzas. Of these thirty-nine chapters, chapters 9-32 and 34-35 correspond directly by names and sequence to the Pāli Dhammapada. Even the verses in these chapters are the same, with the exception of some newly added verses. It is these 26 chapters which are here translated in full for the first time into English.

As for the remaining thirteen chapters, in some cases a close relationship with the Udānavarga. But still six names of the sections, are not parallels to any other preserved version. And the author has promised that in near future he shall be able to publish a translation of the remaining 13 chapters. 

 This version was written in the year 224 - 225 CE. The people, responsible for its edition and translation, were two Indian monks - 維祇難 and 竺將炎. It is said, that at that time there already existed one version of the Dharmapada in China, but it was of very poor standard. The translation was bad and in places misleading. It was also called 法句經 - but this version has not been preserved for us to judge its quality today. These two monks were asked to do a completely new translation and edition of the Dharmapada, faithfully rendering the original meaning of Indian texts. They succeeded - the translation is indeed very good as we can judge by comparing the passages parallel in Pāli Dhammapada and 法句經. The authors state, that this text is also called 曇缽偈 - which can be only seen as an attempt to transliterate into Chinese characters the Sanskrit word Dharmapadagātha (where gātha means "a verse" or "a strophe"). The direct translation of the name Dharmapada is of course the name of the work itself, for the Sanskrit word dharma- in Chinese corresponds to the character法 and pada- is rendered by the character 句. Added is the character 經 (in Sanskrit sūtra-) to indicate the importance the editors ascribed to the text.