Title: al-Maʻrifah wa-al-sulṭah
Subjects: Politics and government, Intellectuals, History, Attitudes, Political and social views, Arab Civilization, Western influences, Islamic civilization
Places: Egypt, Lebanon, Arab countries
People: Muḥammad ʻAbduh (1849-1905), Shakīb Arslān Amir (1869-1946)
Time periods: 640-1882, Mohammed Ali, 1805-1849