Title: The republic of the mind
Description: The impact of Zhu Xi's sociopolitical vision has been long lasting in East Asian societies, but unexpectedly there has been little examination of what his vision exactly was, why his idea was so appealing to Song literati elites, and why his influence lasted for such a long period of time. This study seeks to answer the above questions. By approaching this subject from a fresh perspective, I will fundamentally re-examine some conventional explanations of his ideas about society and governance. Throughout the study, I will prove that what Zhu Xi tried to create is a "social" mechanism through which society can be self-organized and self-regulated. Zhu Xi presented his "learning ( xue )" as an all-encompassing single process through which the mind and society can be brought to order. The focus of the study is to explain how he tried to achieve the unity of society without sacrificing the premise that we can have the most desirable world when society is self-organizing based on each individual's moral autonomy. In addition, this study proves that diverse aspects of Zhu Xi's ideas and activities--his idea system, learning program, and social program--can be most coherently explained when we understand them in relation to the question of how they contribute to his blueprint for establishing a new sociopolitical order in a particular historical context. I will ultimately address Zhu Xi's idea of sociopolitical order in relation to larger questions in Chinese history: the nature of the unity of Chinese empires and the relationship between "Confucianism" and the nature of that unity. When we understand the nature of the unity Zhu Xi's system provided, we can actually have a better explanation of how the literati society have shown diversity in its self-organizing efforts and have manifested certain patterns of coherence at the same time in later imperial China.