Title: No exit, no voice
Description: This article describes how people working in large organizations wrestle with the challenge of speaking up. Emphasizing the negative personal and professional consequences that might result from the reactions of those with authority to their ideas, people in this study predominantly chose not to speak up with substantive comments that they believed could help organization or themselves. Integrating prior theory with our new findings, we explain why silence is likely to be the modal behavior in risky voice opportunities, and propose a novel research agenda for predicting this emotionally intense form of silence.