Title: The reformation of the twelfth century
Description: This book is concerned with the changes in religious thought and institutions from the late eleventh century to the third quarter of the twelfth. It concentrates on monks and nuns, but also takes into consideration hermits, recluses, wandering preachers, crusaders, penitents, and other less organized forms of religious life.

In particular it studies the variety of reform movements, the relation of the reformers to each other and the outside world, and their spirituality and motivation as reflected in their writings and activities.

The work stands in close relation to the author's Three Studies in Medieval Religious and Social Thought (1995), which took what may be called a horizontal approach, studying three topics over the entire Middle Ages. The present work takes a vertical approach, looking at many aspects of reform during a comparatively short period. Together the two works show the relatively rapid change in religious life and sentiments in the twelfth century.
Subjects: Monasticism and religious orders, History, Church history, Reformation, Monasticism and religious orders, europe, Monasticism and religious orders, middle ages, 600-1500, Church history, middle ages, 600-1500, Twelfth century, Medieval Civilization
Places: Europe
Time periods: 600-1500, Middle Ages, 600-1500, 12th century