Title: al-Tawāṣul bayna bilād al-Bīẓān wa-al-Mashriq al-ʻArabī khilāla al-qarnayn al-tāsiʻ ʻashar wa-al-ʻishrīn
Subjects: History, Relations, Intellectual life, International relations
Places: Mauritania, Arab countries
Time periods: 19th century, 20th century