Title: On graduation from fiscal procyclicality
Description: "In the past, industrial countries have tended to pursue countercyclical or, at worst, acyclical fiscal policy.  In sharp contrast, emerging and developing countries have followed procyclical fiscal policy, thus exacerbating the underlying business cycle.  We show that, over the last decade, about a third of the developing world has been able to escape the procyclicality trap and actually become countercyclical.  We trace this critical shift in fiscal policy to the quality of institutions.  We provide a formal analysis, which controls for the endogeneity of institutions and other determinants of fiscal procyclicality, that strongly suggests that there is a causal link running from stronger institutions to less procyclical or countercyclical fiscal policy"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.