Title: Inside-outside money competition
Description: "We study how competition from privately supplied currency substitutes affects monetary equilibria.  Whenever currency is inefficiently provided, inside money competition plays a disciplinary role by providing an upper bound on equilibrium inflation rates.  Furthermore, if Furthermore, if 'inside monies' can be produced at a sufficiently low cost, outside money is driven out of circulation.  Whenever a 'benevolent' government can commit to its fiscal policy, sequential monetary policy is efficient and inside money competition plays no role"--Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago web site.